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scientific.ru
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Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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19.06.1995 23:03 |
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"Habbl" - eto teleskop-reflektor (vposledstvii budem upotreblyat'
ego imya bez kavychek) s zerkalom diametrom 2.4 m. - po zemnym ponyatiyam
nemalen'kii, no na zemle uzhe est' teleskopy s zerkalami diametrom do 10 m
(naprimer, Keck1 i Keck2). Im, tem ne menee daleko do Habbla.
>> Prochitat' stat'yu
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Naverh |
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Dmitrii Docenko
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Re[10]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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11.08.2007 23:08 |
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> zerkalo <...> stalo ne 240 sm, a skazhem 40 sm diametrom. <...> U zerkala pri etom umen'shilas' effektivnaya ploshad'. Pri etom sohranilos' <...> uglovoe
razreshenie (t.k. krivizna zerkala ne izmenilas').
Ya uzhe pisal vyshe. Ne vydavaite zhelaemoe za deistvitel'noe.
Kak sleduet iz, po-vidimomu, neizvestnoi
vam teorii difrakcii, uglovoe razreshenie menyaetsya, poskol'ku izobrazhenie, proizvodimoe ideal'noi linzoi v fokal'noi ploskosti, yavlyaetsya Fur'e-preobrazovaniem vhodnogo otverstiya
(v dannom sluchae, formy zerkala). Uglovoe razreshenie ne zavisit ot fokusnogo rasstoyaniya.
> Interesno, kakie mogut byt' dokazatel'stva, chto Habbl eto Habbl, a
ne kombinaciya iz "malen'kogo" sputnika i "bol'shogo" vozdushnogo shara (ili samoleta)?
Ya uzhe pisal, poetomu vynuzhden povtorit'sya. Vysokoe uglovoe
razreshenie; PSF v UF i vidimyh diapazonah; kolichestvo kosmicheskih luchei na matrice; shum, razmery, chuvstvitel'nost', vzaimnoe polozhenie detektorov; razmer pikselei, ...
Vy pisali, chto eto vam "vse ponyatno", no iz nashei diskussii u menya v etom postepenno zakradyvaetsya somnenie. Nadeyus', vy ponimaete, chto PSF - ochen' ser'eznyi
argument.
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Naverh |
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R. G. Chertanov
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Re[11]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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12.08.2007 5:22 |
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Soglashus', Vy pravy, pri malen'kom zerkale umen'shaetsya uglovoe razreshenie (ya sputal s drugoi harakteristikoi). No naprimer na etom snimke Yupitera v vidimyh i UF-luchah rezko
razlichaetsya kachestvo.
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1994/31/image/a/format/web_print/
A tochno li u etih snimkov odinakovoe, kak Vy pishete, uglovoe razreshenie?
>""Nepoladka", tochnee, prisutstvie korrektiruyushego fil'tra, proyavlyaetsya v umen'shenii effektivnoi ploshadi, a ne uhudshenii uglovogo razresheniya".
Mozhet tam i effektivnaya ploshad', i uglovoe razreshenie imenno dlya UF-diapazona sootvetstvuyut zerkalu men'shemu, chem zayavleno? Inache by ne bylo takoi zhutkoi zernistosti na vtorom
snimke, ne tak li. Da i kstati ne dolzhen li ul'trafiolet uluchshit' eto samoe uglovoe razreshenie (chem koroche dlina volny, tem ved' luchshe razreshenie). A na snimkah my vidim
naoborot rezkoe uhudshenie pri yakoby tom zhe zerkale. Soglasites', chto zdes' yavno chto-to ne tak. Versiya pro ustanovlennyi astronavtami korrektiruyushii fil'tr, kotoryi im tam
vse uhudshil, konechno, interesnaya, no ona trebuet bolee podrobnyh svedenii, a ih-to kak raz i net. Chto soboi predstavlyaet eta shtuka, pochemu ona uhudshila imenno UF-diapazon
- my ved' ne znaem. Ili u Vas est' polnaya yasnost' na etot schet?
Kstati predstav'te proceduru ustanovki korrektiruyushego fil'tra - eto zhe sverhtochnyi pribor, a u kosmonavta perchatki edva gnutsya. Oni ne sumeli sdelat' shtatno, pol'zuyas' vsemi
priborami, na Zemle, no yakoby u nih vse poluchilos' v kosmose. Da i esli neudacha postigla s odnim habblom, pochemu ne zapustili vtoroi, ispravnyi (ved' rashody na NIOKR, kotorye
s'edayut l'vinuyu dolyu sredstv, uzhe byli poneseny). Ne inache kak zdes' chto-to ne tak: odna otmazka NASA gromozditsya na druguyu, i v itoge my imeem te zhe snimki, kotorye sdelal
by i vozdushnyi shar BLAST...
Naschet vozmozhnosti poddelki PSF - na fone takogo uhudsheniya snimka lyubaya komp'yuternaya obrabotka vneset, mne kazhetsya, ne slishkom zametnye iskazheniya. Da i pikselyam yarkost' podkorrektirovat'
po snyatym eshe na zemle harakteristikam - po-moemu eto neslozhno.
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Naverh |
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Dmitrii Docenko
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Re[12]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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12.08.2007 16:44 |
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Mne prosto nadoelo vas ubezhdat' Otvechu na vashi voprosy.
> A tochno li u etih snimkov odinakovoe <...> uglovoe razreshenie? <...> uglovoe razreshenie imenno dlya UF-diapazona sootvetstvuyut zerkalu men'shemu, chem
zayavleno. Inache by ne bylo takoi zhutkoi zernistosti na vtorom snimke, ne tak li.
Nu, v kommentariyah k etomu snimku napisano "The grainy appearance of Jupiter
in the FUV is due to the darkness of the planet at this wavelength." Ya tak i dumal, no ved' vas eto ne ubedit, da? Razreshenie v etom sluchae nuzhno smotret' po yarchaishim uchastkam snimka, v dannom sluchae eto polyarnoe siyanie. Ya by skazal, chto razreshenie
UF ne huzhe, chem vidimogo snimka.
> Chto soboi predstavlyaet eta shtuka, pochemu ona uhudshila imenno UF-diapazon - my ved' ne znaem. Ili u Vas est' polnaya yasnost'
na etot schet?
Ideya v tom, chto material fil'tra pochti ne propuskaet dalekii UF. Koefficient propuskaniya tam ne vyshe 10%. Poetomu effektivnost' padaet na poryadok,
a difrakcionnoe razmytie izobrazheniya ne menyaetsya. Pochemu imenno UF - eto yasno iz obshei teorii vzaimodeistviya sveta s dielektrikami (UF nahoditsya v hvoste polosy poglosheniya).
> Oni ne sumeli sdelat' shtatno, pol'zuyas' vsemi priborami, na Zemle, no yakoby u nih vse poluchilos' v kosmose.
Neobhodimost' ustanovki fil'tra stala yasna
posle zapuska teleskopa, poskol'ku pri zapuske byla sdvinuta opticheskaya sistema (ne znayu tochno, mozhet, osnovnoe zerkalo pognulos' ili chto-nibud' eshe).
> Da i
esli neudacha postigla s odnim habblom, pochemu ne zapustili vtoroi, ispravnyi
Ne znayu. Zaderzhka sostavila by kak minimum 2-3 goda, no eto ne tak mnogo. Mozhet, eto
kak raz byl politicheskii vopros. No, chestno govorya, ne znayu.
> Naschet vozmozhnosti poddelki PSF - na fone takogo uhudsheniya snimka lyubaya komp'yuternaya obrabotka
vneset, mne kazhetsya, ne slishkom zametnye iskazheniya.
Eto naivno. Pozvolyu sebe predpolozhit', chto vy ne rabotali s Habblovskimi dannymi.
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Naverh |
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R. G. Chertanov
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Re[13]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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13.08.2007 14:11 |
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>v dannom sluchae eto polyarnoe siyanie
Izvestno, chto snimki s Habbla podvergayutsya podmeshivaniyu sluchainogo shuma i komp'yuternoi obrabotke
- poetomu tam koe-chto i mozhet vyglyadet' s bolee vysokim razresheniem, chem est' na samom dele.
http://naturalist.rarib.ru/habbl.htm "Primenyaya sochetanie raznoi tehniki obrabotki izobrazhenii (podmeshivanie
psevdosluchainogo shuma, vydelenie podvyborki, obratnogo preobrazovaniya)
(dithering, subsampling and deconvolution), astronomy sozdali odno iz
naibolee chetkih izobrazhenii udalennogo ob'ekta, kotoroe kogda-libo
delalos' kosmicheskim teleskopomHabbla. Na poluchennoi kartinke vidny
udivitel'nye podrobnosti"
>ne znayu tochno, mozhet, osnovnoe zerkalo pognulos' ili chto-nibud' eshe
Vikipediya pishet, chto tam oshibsya stre... to est',
tehnik.
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleskop_Habbl
Komissiya, vozglavlyaemaya Lyu Allenom (angl.
Lew Allen), direktorom Laboratorii
reaktivnogo dvizheniya
ustanovila, chto defekt voznik v rezul'tate oshibki pri montazhe glavnogo
nul'korrektora, polevaya linza kotorogo byla sdvinuta na 1,3mm
otnositel'no pravil'nogo polozheniya. Sdvig proizoshel po vine tehnika,
osushestvlyavshego sborku pribora. On oshibsya pri rabote s lazernym
izmeritelem, primenyavshimsya dlya tochnogo razmesheniya opticheskih elementov
pribora, a kogda posle okonchaniya montazha zametil nepredvidennyi zazor
mezhdu linzoi i podderzhivayushei ee konstrukciei, to prosto vstavil
obychnuyu metallicheskuyu shaibu[11]. Kakaya
zhalost'.
>Ne znayu. Zaderzhka sostavila by kak minimum 2-3 goda, no eto ne tak mnogo. Mozhet, eto
kak raz byl politicheskii vopros.
Vot ya tozhe teryayus' v dogadkah: kakaya tut mozhet byt' politika, trubit' pro nepoladki edinstvennogo teleskopa, no dazhe ne popytat'sya
zapustit' ego "blizneca" (a ved' tehnologiya otrabotana, i ih mozhno bylo by kak Vikingi shtampovat'). A esli by nepoladka okazalas' kriticheskoi (popadanie meteorita
i t.p.)? Vse 17 let oni vprochem izbegayut popadat' v Habbl (v otlichie naprimer ot kompleksov Mir/MKS, kotorye imi probity kak resheto).
>Eto
naivno. Pozvolyu sebe predpolozhit', chto vy ne rabotali s Habblovskimi dannymi.
Ya ne rabotal, no vopros tak skazat' ochen' vazhnyi. Esli iz kosmosa postupayut UF-snimki s poddel'noi PSF (Vy zhe sami pisali, chto eto vozmozhno pri uhudshenii kachestva, chto my
i vidim na UF snimkah), to eto pozhalui nikak nel'zya raspoznat' (ne na chto operet'sya v sravnenii, t.k. net snimkov s kontrol'nogo kachestvennogo teleskopa). Hochetsya nadeyat'sya,
chto u Rossii zapustit' takoi teleskop poluchitsya, tam ne budet "sluchaino 10-kratno isporcheno" izobrazhenie imenno v UF-diapazone i t.p...
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Naverh |
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T. R. taniyarajput483
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Re: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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11.09.2022 10:57 |
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Re: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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11.09.2022 11:00 |
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Re[2]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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Re[2]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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Re[2]: Kosmicheskii teleskop "Habbl"
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24.11.2022 7:00 |
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