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Re: Zagadochnye kol'ca sverhnovoi 1987A
29.02.2012 19:20 | A.P. Vasi

http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/11243.html


Chto proishodit so sverhnovoi SN1987A?

Pochemu uzhe dva goda net informacii o sverhnovoi SN1987A s kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla???  

Sverhnovaya SN1987A obnaruzhena 23 - 24 fevralya 1987 goda v Bol'shom Magellanovom oblake (eto galaktika, vidimaya tol'ko iz yuzhnogo polushariya Zemli, sosednyaya s nashei galaktikoi "Mlechnyi put'"). Regulyarnye nablyudeniya za oblast'yu kosmicheskogo prostranstva vokrug sverhnovoi SN1987A provodilis' kak s poverhnosti Zemli, tak i posle zapuska v 1990　godu kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla (Hubble Space Telescope (HST)). Nablyudeniya stali bolee chastymi posle ustanovki na nego apparatury korrekcii sfericheskoi aberracii COSTAR (Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement) v dekabre 1993 goda. Rezul'taty nablyudenii periodicheski, ne rezhe odnogo raza v god, publikovalis' na saite

http://hubblesite.org/ .

No nachinaya s 28 noyabrya 2003 goda vplot' do nastoyashego vremeni (22 sentyabrya 2005 goda) na etom saite ne poyavilos' ni odnogo novogo izobrazheniya sverhnovoi SN1987A (v poslednei publikacii po etoi sverhnovoi ot 19 fevralya 2004 goda

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2004/09/image/a  priveden snimok ot 28 noyabrya 2003 goda).

Nizhe privedeny snimki sverhnovoi SN1987A, sdelannye　 kosmicheskim teleskopom im. Habbla v raznye gody. Eti snimki pozvolyat podoiti k ponimaniyu prichin prekrasheniya vydachi na saite

http://hubblesite.org/ informacii o sobytiyah, proishodyashih v oblasti, gde 18 let nazad proizoshla vspyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A.

Izobrazhenie sverhnovoi SN1987A

Informaciya ob izobrazhenii

1990 g.

23 -24 avgusta 1990 g. kameroi dlya registracii slabokontrastnyh ob'ektov (FOC = Faint Object Camera) kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla (HST = Hubble Space Telescope) s razresheniem do 0,1 sekundy dugi byla sfotografirovana okrestnost' sverhnovoi SN1987A v diapazone vidimogo sveta. Vokrug izobrazheniya sverhnovoi byl obnaruzhen svetyashiisya ellips s uglovym razmerom bol'shoi osi v 1,66 uglovyh sekund. Pod takim uglom vidny fary avtomobilya,nahodyashegosya na rasstoyanii 100 mil' ot nablyudatelya.

Poschitav,chto nablyudaemyi ellips yavlyaetsya krugovym kol'com (poskol'ku central'naya zvezda, kotoraya schitaetsya sverhnovoi SN1987A, nahoditsya na peresechenii maloi i bol'shoi osei simmetrii ellipsa, a ne v odnom iz fokusov ellipsa), naklonennym pod ulom v 43 gradusa k linii nablyudeniya, issledovateli rasschitali, chto svet ot blizhaishei k Zemle tochki kol'ca prihodit za 80 dnei do prihoda na Zemlyu sveta ot sverhnovoi, a svet ot samoi dalekoi ot Zemli tochki kol'ca prihodit cherez 420 dnei posle prihoda na Zemlyu sveta ot sverhnovoi. Eta raznica v 500 dnei pozvolila issledovatelyam rasschitat' tochnyi diametr kol'ca (razmer bol'shoi osi ellipsa), okazavshiisya ravnym 1,37 svetovyh goda {(420+80)/365=1,37}. Znanie uglovogo razmera diametra kol'ca (1,66 dugovyh sekund) i ego fizicheskogo razmera (1,37 svetovyh goda) pozvolilo issledovatelyam rasschitat' rasstoyanie do sverhnovoi, okazavsheesya ravnym 169 000 svetovyh let s tochnost'yu v 5%.

( 

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1990/07/text/  i http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1991/03/text/ )

 

 

1994 g.

Na etih risunkah predstavleno uluchshenie vozmozhnostei kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla po nablyudeniyu sverhnovoi SN1997A posle ustanovki apparatury korrekcii sfericheskoi aberracii COSTAR (Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement) v dekabre 1993 goda (samyi nizhnii snimok, sdelannyi v yanvare 1994 goda) po sravneniyu so snimkami, sdelannymi v avguste 1990 goda, v dekabre 1991 goda, v aprele 1992 goda, v sentyabre 1992 goda v mae 1993 goda i v oktyabre 1993 goda (shest' verhnih snimkov).

( 

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/12/ )

19 maya 1994 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

Na snimke chetko vidny tri ellipsa. Men'shii "central'nyi" ellips (kol'co, naklonennoe pod uglom v 43 gradusa k linii nablyudeniya) byl chetko viden i ran'she. Dva  bol'shih ellipsa (odinakovogo razmera) takzhe byli vidny ran'she na snimkah, poluchennyh nazemnoi apparaturoi, no ih chetkost' byla znachitel'no hudshei, chem na snimkah, poluchennyh s pomosh'yu kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla.

Schitaetsya, chto v ploskosti men'shego ellipsa nahoditsya sverhnovaya SN1987A (nahodyashayasya v centre simmetrii malogo ellipsa), ploskost' odnogo bol'shogo ellipsa nahoditsya pered ploskost'yu malogo ellipsa, a ploskost' drugogo bol'shogo ellipsa nahoditsya pozadi ploskosti malogo ellipsa. Dva bol'shih ellipsa takzhe schitayutsya krugovymi kol'cami, obrazovannymi na poverhnosti krugovogo konusa (pesochnye chasy) dvumya uzkimi vrashayushimisya luchami, ispushennymi v protivopolozhnye storony iz tochki, nahodyasheisya na udalenii v 1/3 svetovyh goda ot sverhnovoi SN1987A.

(

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1994/22/

24 sentyabrya 1994 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009c/ )

5 marta 1995 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009d/ )

6 fevral' 1996 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009e/ )

 

14 yanvarya 1997 g. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1997/03/image/a )

Astronomy ob'yavili 14 yanvarya 1997 goda, chto pristal'nye nablyudeniya za sverhnovoi SN1987A pri pomoshi kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla vyyavili v centre malogo ellipsa  ganteleobraznuyu strukturu ostatkov sverhnovoi dlinoi v 0,1 svetovogo goda, sostoyashuyu iz dvuh puzyrei, udalyayushihsya drug ot druga so skorost'yu okolo 6 millionov mil' v chas. Rasshirenie ostatkov sverhnovoi, kazhetsya, proishodit vdol' linii, perpendikulyarnoi ploskosti malogo ellipsa.

(

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1997/03/text/ )

10 iyulya 1997 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009f/ )

6 fevralya 1998 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009g/ )

Ob'yavleno,chto kol'co obrazovalos' za 20 000 let do vspyshki sverhnovoi SN1987A. (　

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1998/08/text/ )

8 yanvarya 1999 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A.

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009h/ )

2 aprelya 1999 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009i/ )

2 fevralya 2000 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009j/ )

16 iyunya 2000 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009k/ )

14 noyabrya 2000 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009l/ )

23 marta 2001 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009m/ )

7 dekabrya 2001 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009n/ )

5 yanvarya 2003 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009o/ )

12 avgusta 2003 goda. Sverhnovaya SN1987A

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009p/ )

28 noyabrya 2003 goda.Sverhnovaya SN1987A.

(

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009q/ )

Etot snimok vzyat iz faila

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/10/image/a/>

Itak, na saite

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009q/ posle 28 noyabrya 2003 goda k nastoyashemu vremeni (18 maya 2008 goda) poyavilos' novoe izobrazhenie sverhnovoi SN1987A ot dekabrya 2006 g.. V predposlednei publikacii ob etoi sverhnovoi (ot 19 fevralya 2004 goda priveden snimok ... ot 28 noyabrya 2003 goda.

Ostavlyayu vse, chto bylo zdes' do poyavleniya snimka ot 2006 g., hotya posle poyavleniya snimka ot dekabrya 2006 g. yasno, chto moe predpolozhenie, o tom, chto s etoi sverhnovoi chto-to proizoshlo, bylo oshibochnym.

Pochemu net novoi iforacii o sverhnovoi sn1987a, hotya ran'she ee vydavali regulyarno?

Vidimo, obnaruzheno nechto takoe, chto protivorechit sovremennoi teorii sverhnovyh. No chto?

Analiziruya privedennye vyshe fotografii, a takzhe uchityvaya rezul'taty modelirovaniya vspyshek sverhnovyh zvezd, imeyushiesya na moem saite zdes'

http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r05_1.htm , http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r05_2.htm, http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r15_1.htm , http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r15_2.htm, http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r15_3.htm, mozhno predpolozhit', chto obnaruzhennaya v 1987 godu sverhnovaya SN1987A snova vspyhnula v konce 2003 goda.

Delo v tom, chto (kak pokazyvayut rezul'taty moego modelirovaniya sverhnovyh zvezd) oni (sverhnovye zvezdy) yavlyayutsya periodicheski vspyhivayushimi dvoinymi zvezdami, no s periodom v sotni i tysyachi let, prichem v techenie etogo perioda mozhet proishodit' dve vspyshki, imeyushie sushestvenno razlichnye tipy izmeneniya yarkosti dvoinoi zvezdy. Dlya pervogo tipa harakter izmeneniya yarkosti pokazan nizhe na Ris. 1, a dlya vtorogo tipa - na Ris. 2.

Ris. 1. Pervyi tip izmeneniya yarkosti dvoinoi zvezdy mezhdu vspyshkami.

Dlya pervogo tipa izmeneniya bleska dvoinoi zvezdy harakterno to, chto yarkost' ee posle pervoi vspyshki ochen' rezko umen'shaetsya i ee blesk stanovitsya sushestvenno men'shim togo urovnya, kotoryi eta zhe dvoinaya zvezda imeet posle vtoroi vspyshki. Cherez nekotoroe vremya zvezda ochen' rezko vspyhivaet snova (povtornaya vspyshka), a zatem ee blesk sravnitel'no plavno spadaet do minimal'nogo znacheniya i snova nachinaet plavno uvelichivat'sya do sleduyushei dvoinoi vspyshki (sm. Ris. 1).

Ris. 2. Vtoroi tip izmeneniya yarkosti dvoinoi zvezdy mezhdu vspyshkami.

Dlya vtorogo tipa izmeneniya bleska dvoinoi zvezdy harakterno to, chto vspyshka ee narastaet ochen' bystro (pochti skachkom), yarkost' ee posle pervoi vspyshki sravnitel'no medlenno umen'shaetsya do minimal'nogo znacheniya, a zatem sravnitel'no medlenno uvelichivaetsya do vtoroi vspyshki, a posle etoi povtornoi vspyshki yarkost' zvezdy ochen' bystro (pochti skachkom) umen'shaetsya. A ves' ostavshiisya promezhutok vremeni do sleduyushei dvoinoi vspyshki yarkost' zvezdy prakticheski ne izmenyaetsya (sm. Ris.2).

Promezhutok vremeni mezhdu pervoi i vtoroi vspyshkami dvoinoi zvezdy zavisit ot rasstoyaniya do etoi zvezdy ot Zemli i mozhet dostigat' poloviny peioda obrasheniya dvoinoi zvezdy. Sam zhe period obrasheniya dvoinoi zvezdy po ellipticheskoi orbite mozhet by raven mnogim sotnyam i tysyacham let. Vspyshka sverhnovoi ne obyazatel'no yavlyaetsya dvoinoi. Dlya nablyudatelya, nahodyashegosya na opredelennom rasstoyanii ot dvoinoi zvezdy, obe vspyshki sovmeshayutsya vo vremeni i takoi nablyudatel' vidit obe vspyshki etoi dvoinoi zvezdy kak odnu vspyshku. Dlya nablyudatelya, nahodyashegosya na bol'shem rasstoyanii, vspyshki vsegda budut dvoinymi.　 Harakter izmeneniya promezhutka vremeni mezhdu povtornymi vspyshkami dvoinoi zvezdy v zavisimosti ot rasstoyaniya do dvoinoi zvezdy ot Zemli horosho proslezhivaetsya na ris. P2.36 - P2.62 zdes'

http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru/b_r/r15_3.htm .

Napominayu, chto soglasno Novoi Teorii Otnositel'nosti (NTO) vspyshki sverhnovyh proishodyat ne vsledstvie fizicheskogo vzryva zvezdy, a vsledstvie prostranstvennogo gruppirovaniya svetovyh kvantov, dvizhushihsya s razlichnymi skorostyami v sootvetstvii s formuloi Cu = Co*sqrt(1 + u2/Co2) - esli zvezda peremeshaetsya po keplerovskoi orbite, ee skorost' plavno izmenyaetsya ot minimal'nogo znacheniya v apoastre do maksimal'nogo znacheniya v periastre.

Esli v konce 2003 goda deistvitel'no proizoshla povtornaya spyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A, to promezhutok vremeni mezhdu povtornymi vspyshkami dlya etoi sverhnovoi raven primerno 16 godam. No period obrasheniya dvoinoi zvezdy, otvetstvennoi za etu vspyshku yarkosti dvoinoi zvezdy kak sverhnovoi SN1987A seichas ne izvesten. On mozhet byt' raven mnogim sotnyam i mnogim tysyacham let. Poetomu v blizhaishie desyatiletiya raz'yasneniya togo, chto zhe proizoshlo fakticheski so sverhnovoi SN1987A v konce 2003 goda i chto tak skryvayut ot obshestvennosti amerikancy, zhdat' ne prihoditsya (esli tol'ko ne budet opublikovano to, chto fakticheski nablyudalos' v konce 2003 goda s borta kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla).

 

Esli v konce 2003 goda deistvitel'no proizoshla povtornaya spyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A, to eto protivorechit obshepriznannoi segodnya teorii sverhnovyh, ob'yasnyayushih grandioznuyu vspyshku yarkosti sverhnovoi tem, chto proishodit fizicheskii vzryv zvezdy.　 Nevozmozhnost' ob'yasnit' etu povtornuyu vspyshku sverhnovoi SN1987A s pozicii obshepriznannoi segodnya teorii sverhnovyh, vozmozhno, i yavlyaetsya prichinoi stol' dlitel'nogo pereryva v vydache informacii po sverhnovoi SN1987A na saite

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009q/.

No eto tol'ko vozmozhno. A kak obstoyat dela na samom dele? Davaite podozhdem dal'neishego razvitiya sobytii.

Itak, s pozicii obsuzhdaemoi na etom saite Novoi Teorii Otnositel'nosti (NTO) povtornaya vspyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A oznachaet, chto:

- vo-pervyh, fizicheskogo vzryva zvezdy pri vspyshke sverhnovoi SN1987A ne proizoshlo, ona yavlyaetsya dvoinoi zvezdoi, komponenty kotoroi dvizhutsya po ellipsam vokrug obshego centra mass;

- vo-vtoryh, period obrasheniya dvoinoi zvezdy, otvetstvennoi za vspyshku svehnovoi SN1987A ne izvesten i vryad li skoro stanet izvestnym (on mozhet byt' raven mnogim sotnyam ili dazhe mnogim tysyacham let);

- v-tret'ih, sovremennaya teoriya vspyshek sverhnovyh kak fizicheskih vzryvov zvezd nesostoyatel'na;

- v-chetvertyh, povtornaya vspyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A v konce 2003 goda oznachaet krah Special'noi Teorii Otnositel'nosti (STO). Ibo soglasno STO skorost' sveta yavlyaetsya konstantoi, odinakovoi vo vseh inercial'nyh sistemah otscheta (kak pokoyashihsya, tak i dvizhushihsya);

- v-pyatyh, esli v konce 2003 goda proizoshla povtornaya vspyshka sverhnovoi SN1987A, to eto podtverzhdaet Novuyu Teoriyu Otnositel'nosti (NTO) i teper' ostalos' zhdat' obnaruzheniya sverhsvetovyh skorostei u chastic vysokih energii na uskoritelyah elementarnyh chastic.

Itak, poseshaite sait

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star_collection/pr2004009q/i zhdite ob'yasneniya prichin stol' dlitel'nogo pereryva v vydache informacii po sverhnovoi SN1987A c kosmicheskogo teleskopa im. Habbla.

Mamaev A. V. (18 maya 2008 g.) Sait http://www.acmephysics.narod.ru.

Itak, bylo zaregistrirovano, chto Sverhnovaya daet povtornuyu vspyshku, i dazhe bolee yarkuyu, chem pervaya vspyshka. Imenno eto i izobrazheno na piktogramme, t.e. byla vydana informaciya, kotoraya prishla k nam v vide nablyudaemogo yavleniya s zaderzhkoi 10-20 let!

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