AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii
6.02.2013 19:37 | Natal'ya Orlova/Astronet

Dialog uchitelya s Mitrofanushkoi my privykli vosprinimat' kak kur'eznyi primer togo, k chemu privodyat bezgramotnost' i nezhelanie uchit'sya. A ved' ne bud' Mitrofan prirozhdennym lentyaem, iz nego mog by poluchit'sya nezauryadnyi lingvist! Deistvitel'no, kak tonko on podmetil, chto ot mestopolozheniya dveri zavisit, budet li ona imenem prilagatel'nym (igrayushim rol' opredeleniya v predlozhenii) ili sushestvitel'nym.

• >> AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova/Astronet, 6.02.2013 19:37, 5.7 KBait, otvetov: 8)

  Pravdin. Dver', naprimer, kakoe imya: sushestvitel'noe ili prilagatel'noe? Mitrofan. Dver'? Kotora dver'? Pravdin. Kotora dver'! Vot eta. Mitrofan. Eta? Prilagatel'na. Pravdin. Pochemu zh? Mitrofan. Potomu chto ona prilozhena k svoemu mestu. Von u chulana shesta nedelya dver' stoit eshe ne naveshena: tak ta pokamest sushestvitel'na. (D.I.Fonvizin, "Nedorosl'")

  
  

  Dialog uchitelya s Mitrofanushkoi my privykli vosprinimat' kak kur'eznyi primer togo, k chemu privodyat bezgramotnost' i nezhelanie uchit'sya. A ved' ne bud' Mitrofan prirozhdennym lentyaem, iz nego mog by poluchit'sya nezauryadnyi lingvist!

  Deistvitel'no, kak tonko on podmetil, chto ot mestopolozheniya dveri zavisit, budet li ona imenem prilagatel'nym (igrayushim rol' opredeleniya v predlozhenii) ili sushestvitel'nym.

  Posmotrim na ryad primerov:

  1)	celyi ryad razlichnyh modelei lunnogo posadochnogo modulya – a variety of different lunar lander concepts

  Rech' zdes' idet o raznyh modelyah, osnovnoe slovo modeli perevedeno kak concepts (eto otrazhaet, chto idei, lezhashie v osnove postroeniya raznyh modelei, tozhe byli raznye). Slova lunnogo posadochnogo modulya (lunar lander), OPREDELYaYuShIE slovo modelei, pri perevode peremeshayutsya i "prikladyvayutsya k modelyam" speredi (lunar lander concepts). Osnovnaya ideya takaya: esli za glavnym sushestvitel'nym (modelei) vy vidite odno ili neskol'ko slov s eshe odnim (po krainei mere) sushestvitel'nym v kosvennom padezhe (modulya), kotorye vmeste otvechayut na vopros tipa Kakoi? Kakie? (Kakie modeli? – Lunnogo posadochnogo modulya), mozhno podumat' o tom, kak "povesit' ih na petli", chtoby oni "otkryvali" dorogu osnovnomu smyslu.

  Eshe primery:

  2)	konvektivnyi perenos energii – the convective energy transfer
  3)	svetimost' v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone – soft X-ray luminosity

  Slovo diapazon my zdes' opustili, potomu chto i bez nego vse yasno (i slishkom mnogo slov-opredelenii vosprinimaetsya tyazhelo).

  4)	otnoshenie signala k shumu – signal-to-noise ratio
  5)	vspyshki gamma-izlucheniya – gamma-ray bursts
  6)	gamma-izluchenie vysokih energii – high-energy gamma-ray radiation

  Ochen' chasto kompleks slov-opredelenii soedinyayutsya defisami ("petlyami"), chtoby srazu bylo vidno, k chemu oni otnosyatsya.

  7)	atmosfera, bogataya azotom – nitrogen-rich atmosphere
  8)	led s bol'shim soderzhaniem metana i etana – methane-and-ethane-rich ice
  9)	puteshestvie so skorost'yu, bol'shei skorosti sveta – faster-than-light travel
  10)	miry, pohozhie na planetu Yupiter – Jupiter-like worlds

  Mogut vstrechat'sya i takie opredeleniya, vklyuchayushie v svoi sostav chislitel'nye:

  11)	ekspediciya prodolzhitel'nost'yu v 5 mesyacev – five-month mission
  12)	astronavt, tri raza pobyvavshii v kosmose – the three-time spaceflyer
  13)	veroyatnost' stolknoveniya s nashei planetoi ravna 1/500 – a 1-in-500 chance of impact with our planet
  14)	asteroid razmerom s 2 futbol'nyh polya – two-football-field-sized asteroid
  15)	chernaya dyra s vozrastom 1200 let – a 1,200-year-old black hole

  Otsyuda poluchaem 1-e pravilo perevodchika:

  Pravilo 1. Poryadok slov ne dogma, a predmet dlya razmyshleniya.

  A teper' –
  Domashnee zadanie: Perevedem frazy na angliiskii yazyk:
  1) variacii plotnosti krupnomasshtabnoi struktury rannei Vselennoi
  2) komanda ekspedicii, vklyuchayushaya v sostav shest' chelovek
  3) Sistema α Kentavra, sostoyashaya iz treh zvezd

  Perevod frazy iz domashnego zadaniya v predydushem zanyatii:
  Bol'shoi razbros otnoshenii soderzhanii himicheskih elementov v spektre Fomal'gauta – Large spread of elemental abundance ratios in Fomalhaut's spectrum
  (Primechanie. Eto odin iz variantov, a ne istina v poslednei instancii).

  Anons: V sleduyushii raz prodolzhim razgovor o poryadke slov v angliiskom predlozhenii i poprobuem vyyasnit', chem on otlichaetsya ot svobodnogo poryadka slov russkogo predlozheniya.

• Re: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (A. S. S., 8.02.2013 23:35, 278 Bait, otvetov: 5) 1) Density fluctuations of the early Universe's big-scaled structure.
  2) A six-people-sized mission crew (or better "a six-man mission crew").
  3) α Centauri, a three-star stellar system (or perhaps better "α Centauri, a triple system").
  
• Re[2]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova, 10.02.2013 13:26, 6 Bait, otvetov: 2)  
• Re[3]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova, 10.02.2013 13:27, 6 Bait)  
• Re[3]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova, 10.02.2013 14:03, 220 Bait) A six-people-sized crewsounds a bit unnatural - as if six people are stacked like blocks!
  A six-man mission crew is OK!
• Re[2]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova, 10.02.2013 13:31, 172 Bait, otvetov: 1) Great! "Large-scale structure", perhaps, is more common than "big-scaled"
• Re[3]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (A. S. S., 10.02.2013 22:27, 224 Bait)

  Citata:

  Great!

  
  Thanks! :)
  
• Re: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (V.N. Sergeev, 10.02.2013 15:37, 403 Bait, otvetov: 1) Signore e Signori! Perche? Perche, per quale ragione? Perche,a che scopo?
• Re[2]: AstroEnglish: 2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii   (Natal'ya Orlova, 11.02.2013 15:04, 710 Bait)

  Citata:

  Signore e Signori! Perche? Perche, per quale ragione? Perche,a che scopo?

  Perche la scienza e la luce!