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Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"
12.04.2013 23:41 | Gennadii Ivchenkov

Ne obizhaites'. V svoe vremya obsuzhdaya Tungusskii meteorit ser'eznye uchenye govorili, chto on vzorvalsya kak parovoi kotel, chto yavlyaetsya otkrovennoi chepuhoi (vidimo, drugih ob'yasnenii u nih ne bylo).
Naschet goreniya. Uproshenno, eto ekzotermicheskaya himicheskaya reakciya idushaya na poverhnosti tela (dlya tverdogo topliva, naprimer, uglya) ili idushaya posloino v gazovoi srede (cilindr motora). Pri etom zona goreniya posledovatel'no progrevaet sleduyushuyu zonu do temperatury nachala reakcii. Naprimer, v cilindre gorenie raspostranyaetsya ot svechi. V dizele pri szhatii voznikayut zony goreniya, kotorye rasshiryayutsya (toplivo v cilindre dizelya odnovremenno ne zagoraetsya!). Tak kak gorenie ide' posloino (process idet s nekotoroi zaderzhkoi), to skorost' raspostraneniya zony goreniya otnositel'no nebol'shaya, ne sozdayushaya nakoplenie davleniya vo vneshnei srede. Eto otnositsya i tverdym raketnym toplivam (tam process poslozhnee, no pohozhii). Gorenie vzryva ne vyzyvaet, esli tol'ko tot zhe chernyi ili piroksilinovyi poroh, naprimer, ne pomestit' v obolochku, gde davlenie produktov goreniya budet povyshat'sya do razryva obolochki.
Detonaciya zhe vyzyvaetsya moshnoi akusticheskoi volnoi, prohodyashei v tverdoi (TNT), zhidkoi (nitroglicerin) ili gazovoi (gremuchii gaz) srede. Detoniruyut metastabil'nye veshestva, soderzhashie i goryuchee i okislitel', molekulam kotoryh dlya nachala reakcii nuzhno preodolet' nekii energeticheskii bar'er, to est' ee vozbudit', chto i delaet moshnaya akusicheskaya volna, prohodyashaya v veshestve so skorost'yu poryadka 1 km/sek. To est' VSE tverdoe veshestvo prevrashaetsya v gaz prakticheski mgnovenno. Davlenie v moment vzryva dostigaet tysyach atmosfer i voznikaet udarnaya volna, tak kak atmosfera na uspevaet "perevarit'" takoe postuplenie gaza. Udarnaya volna raspostranyaetsya so skorost'yu zvuka i yavlyaetsya kak by obolochkoi.
Vse eto ochen' uproshenno, processy eti dovol'no slozhnye.

• O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A. I. Eremeeva/GAISh, Moskva, 25.03.2013 12:18, 7.9 KBait, otvetov: 18)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 30.03.2013 0:33, 2.3 KBait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 30.03.2013 11:05, 607 Bait, otvetov: 2)
• Re[2]: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A. V. Malkin, 30.03.2013 15:55, 8 Bait, otvetov: 1)
• Re[3]: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (M. A. Surin, 2.04.2013 17:22, 469 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 30.03.2013 16:53, 230 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 12.04.2013 5:02, 570 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 12.04.2013 8:36, 949 Bait)
• >> Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 12.04.2013 23:41, 1.9 KBait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 13.04.2013 9:05, 644 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 13.04.2013 9:25, 969 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 14.04.2013 22:24, 3.1 KBait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 14.04.2013 22:26, 3.1 KBait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 15.04.2013 1:02, 2.1 KBait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (A.P. Vasi, 15.04.2013 1:20, 864 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 22.04.2013 21:59, 385 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (S. I. Gordeev, 27.05.2013 7:03, 117 Bait)
• Re: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (Gennadii Ivchenkov, 9.09.2016 22:48, 1.2 KBait, otvetov: 1)
• Re[2]: O Chelyabinskom "fenomene"   (O. A. Stolova, 19.11.2016 15:22, 313 Bait)