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Re: Polyus
26.07.2013 2:34 | A. A. Volkov
Logika zastavlyaet, esli ne otkazat'sya, ot opredeleniya sily Koriolisa kak
elementarnoi sily inercii, uchastvuyushei v dvizhenii material'nyh tochek,
to, hotya by, ogranichit' oblast' ee deistviya.
V Wiki, po zaprosu: Síla Koriolísa , v paragrafe Matematicheskoe
opredelenie v chastnosti soobshaetsya:
\\\ Vektor sily Koriolisa raven udvoennomu proizvedeniyu massy
material'noi tochki na vektornoe proizvedenie vektora uglovoi skorosti
vrasheniya neinercial'noi sistemy otscheta na vektor skorosti dvizheniya
tochechnoi material'noi tochki v etoi sisteme otscheta. \\\
Predpolozhim, chto ne sushestvuet nekotoroi, neizvestnoi fizicheskoi sily,
kotoraya zastavlyaet uklonyat'sya ot pervonachal'nogo napravleniya dvizheniya.
Dopustim, chto v prostranstve sushestvuet odnotipnaya s Zemlei planeta s
absolyutno gladkoi poverhnost'yu, s ravnoi zemnoi skorost'yu uglovogo
vrasheniya i gravitacionnymi silami, ravnomerno napravlennymi k centru.
Po poverhnosti etoi planety budem puskat' shary vdol' meridianov v oboih
polushariyah ot polyusa k ekvatoru i obratno
Shary budut pusheny s odinakovoi siloi i poetomu, budut imet'
opredelennye pervonachal'nye skorosti. V moment puska, oni priobretayut
meridional'nuyu skorost' v dopolnenie k radial'noi, obuslovlennoi
vrasheniem planety na dannoi shirote. Ne vstrechaya na puti prepyatstvii i
imeya maloe trenie, shary po inercii budut prodolzhat' katit'sya po
poverhnosti planety (izmenyaya shirotu polozheniya), sohranyaya napravlenie
vektorov svoih pervonachal'nyh skorostei. Odin iz vektorov (sostavlyayushih
dvizheniya) budet v pervonachal'nom napravlenii ploskosti meridiana pri
puske v prostranstve otnositel'no zvezd (meridional'noi ploskosti), vektor
radial'noi skorosti budet ortogonalen osi vrasheniya planety (ploskost' shirot).
Za vremya peremesheniya sharov posle puska, voobrazhaemaya planeta, budet
prodolzhat' (vrashat'sya) izmenyat' uglovoe napravlenie meridianov otnositel'no
zvezd s postoyannoi skorost'yu.
Rassmotrim, kak budet proishodit' uklonenie po sostavlyayushim dvizheniya bez
ucheta granichnyh uslovii priblizheniya k polyusu ili puska s nego.
Inercionnost' dvizheniya centra mass sharov v meridional'nom napravlenii,
sozdast usloviya pryamolineinogo ih dvizheniya v pervonachal'nom napravlenii.
Sootvetstvenno, za nekotoroe vremya, meridian tochki puska izmenit dolgotu
ugla otnositel'no zvezd, a znachit i otnositel'no pervonachal'nogo
napravleniya puska sharov.
Takim obrazom, vo vseh sluchayah zapuska probnyh sharov, ih uklonenie ot
meridianov budet v storonu protivopolozhnuyu napravleniyu vrasheniya
voobrazhaemoi planety (k zapadu). Uklonenie budet zaviset' ot shiroty
proporcional'no izmeneniyu kratchaishego rasstoyaniya do osi vrasheniya.
To est' s povysheniem shiroty (k polyusu) ono budet umen'shat'sya, a s
ponizheniem shiroty dvizheniya (k ekvatoru) uvelichivat'sya. Pri perehode
shara cherez ekvator ono budet maksimal'nym.
Inercionnost' dvizheniya centra mass sharov v gorizontal'nom (radial'nom)
napravlenii, sozdast usloviya ukloneniya ih centra po dolgote, v zavisimosti
ot napravleniya dvizheniya, sleduyushim obrazom:
Pri uvelichenii shiroty (dvizhenie ot ekvatora k polyusu) ih uklonenie
budet vpravo v severnom polusharii i vlevo v yuzhnom (k vostoku), tak kak
pervonachal'naya radial'naya skorost' centra mass sharov bol'she toi, chto
imeyut material'nye tochki poverhnosti planety v verhnih shirotah.
Pri umen'shenii shiroty (dvizhenie ot polyusa k ekvatoru), uklonenie
v severnom polusharii budet vpravo, a v yuzhnom vlevo ot pervonachal'nogo
puska vdol' meridiana (k zapadu).
Takim obrazom, skladyvaya ukloneniya, poluchim, chto:
Pri dvizhenii material'noi tochki ot ekvatora k polyusu v oboih
polushariyah na malyh shirotah, uklonenie proishodit k zapadu v silu togo,
chto radial'naya skorost' vrasheniya planety na nih bol'she, a izmenenie ee
velichiny s vozrastaniem shiroty proishodit medlenno. S priblizheniem k
polyusu, uklonenie po meridional'noi sostavlyayushei umen'shaetsya, a po
radial'noi sostavlyayushei uvelichivaetsya po prichine umen'sheniya shirotnyh
skorostei dvizheniya planety. To est', pervonachal'naya radial'naya skorost'
po sravneniyu so skorost'yu material'nyh tochek planety pri vozrastanii
shiroty dvizheniya vozrastaet. V rezul'tate etogo proishodit vse bol'shee
uklonenie k vostoku. Samye bol'shie velichiny pri etom budut na ekvatore
- k zapadu i vblizi polyusa - k vostoku. To est', napravlenie ukloneniya
menyaetsya s shirotoi.
Pri dvizhenii material'noi tochki ot polyusa k ekvatoru v oboih polushariyah,
po oboim sostavlyayushim dvizheniya (v napravlenii meridianov i v ploskosti
pervonachal'noi radial'noi skorosti) proishodit uklonenie k zapadu. To est',
v severnom polusharii vpravo, a v yuzhnom polusharii vlevo. Rost ukloneniya po
meridional'noi sostavlyayushei proishodit po prichine vozrastaniya shirotnoi
radial'noi skorosti vrasheniya planety otnositel'no toi, chto byla vo vremya
puska na vysokih shirotah. Rost ukloneniya po radial'noi sostavlyayushei
proishodit po toi zhe prichine. Sootvetstvenno, pri dostizhenii ekvatora,
eto uklonenie budet maksimal'nym.
Pri sravnenii oboih sluchaev dlya momenta dvizheniya v oblasti ekvatora, yavno
proslezhivaetsya zakonomernost' nalichiya znachitel'nyh perenosnyh momentov.
Pri etom, v sluchae puska ot vysokih shirot k ekvatoru, uklonenie imeet
znachitel'no bol'shuyu velichinu, chem v obratnom napravlenii.
Rassmotrennyi sluchai uklonenii dvizheniya pri peremeshenii tela cherez ekvator
pokazyvaet, chto vliyanie inercionnoi sily otklonyayushei telo, ne dolzhno
propadat'. Tak zhe, vidno, chto pri kolebatel'nom peremeshenii tela vdol'
meridiana cherez ekvator, ego postoyanno pri kazhdom peresechenii dolzhno
otklonyat' vse bol'she k zapadu bez vozvrata v nachal'nuyu tochku dvizheniya.
Eto ne harakterno dlya fenomenov, nablyudaemyh v prirode.
Vse vyshe izlozhennoe navodit na vyvod:
Rashozhdeniya v velichine i napravlenii uklonenii mezhdu mehanicheskoi shemoi
dvizheniya i shemoi, davaemoi formuloi s vektornym umnozheniem vektorov
radial'noi i lineinoi skorostei, ukazyvaet na to, chto priroda, vozdeistvuyushei
na svobodno dvizhushiesya material'nye tochki, sily dolzhna imet' prirodu
otlichnuyu ot prosto inercial'nogo dvizheniya.
[Citirovat'][Otvetit'][Novoe soobshenie]
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