Rambler's Top100Astronet    
  po tekstam   po forumu  vnutri temy
 

Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta.

Spisok  /  Derevo
V nachalo ] Pred. | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Sled.V konec ]
Forumy >> Astronomiya i Internet
Avtor Soobshenie
A.P. Vasi
Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 17.04.2010 21:51

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Arial CYR"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:204; mso-generic-font-family:swiss... ...
Naverh
A.P. Vasi
Re: Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 9.03.2012 2:57

Dolgo zhdat' ne prishlos'.
Kak ya ranee i pisal.
-------------------------
26.02.201223:24

Interferenciya - prosto slozhenie kolebanii
voln v prostranstve. Chto proishodit pri razdelenii
lucha kogda mezhdu dvuh stekol sloi metalla,
cherez etot sloi prohodit chast' sveta, a drugaya chast'
otrazhaetsya.
Prichina v tom chto proishodit izmenenie plotnosti efira,
v svoyu ochered' atomarnaya struktura sozdaet v metalle
uprugost' i skvoz' etot sloi prodavlivaetsya chast' kolebanii,
a drugaya chast' otrazhaetsya.
Zdes' estestvenno predpolozhit' chto mozhno menyat' prozrachnost',
dostatochno sdelat' ne sloi, a tranzistor, to-est' napylit' tri
sloya i upravlyaya provodimost'yu sloya mozhno budet regulirovat'
uroven' otrazheniya, v ideale dobit'sya togo chtoby otrazhalis'
tol'ko maksimumy efirnogo davleniya a razryazhenie ne propuskalos',
togda sobstvenno poluchitsya bez inercionnyi efirnyi tolkatel'.
To-est' za schet napryazheniya sozdaetsya diod dlya kolebanii efira v materiale,
dlya polucheniya sily nado podat' napryazhenie,
chtoby vnutri stekla aktivizirovat' diod, i potom
posvetit' svetom na steklo.
Nu eto kak mechta, bolee real'no pri izmenenii napryazheniya
menyat' uroven' otrazheniya efira, - hotya pohozhaya tehnologiya
est', eto kogda menyayut prozrachnost' stekla.

--------------------
Vot stat'ya na Membrane.
--------------------
http://www.membrana.ru/particle/17691

Sozdan svetodiod sizluchatel'nym KPD vyshe 100%


http://www.membrana.ru/storage/img/v/vh3.jpg

Neobychnyi effekt prevysheniya edinichnogo KPD (shkala po vertikali) nablyudaetsya pri samyh nizkih urovnyah moshnosti izlucheniya (po gorizontali, Vt), iv tozhe vremya pri otnositel'no vysokoi temperature pribora (illyustraciya Parthiban Santhanam et al./ Physical Review Letters/ American Physical Society).

Zakon sohraneniya novichok ne narushaet, poskol'ku vpodschete ego effektivnosti imeetsya odna hitrost'. Tem ne menee tverdotel'noe ustroistvo prodemonstrirovalo rabotu vrezhime, vyhodyashem daleko za predely privychnoi konversii elektricheskogo toka vsvet.

Uchenye iz laboratorii elektroniki (Research Lab of Electronics) Massachusetskogo tehnologicheskogo instituta postroili svetodiod, pokazavshii tak nazyvaemuyu izluchatel'nuyu (ili rozetochnuyu) effektivnost' (wall-plug efficiency) v230%!

(Pod nei podrazumevaetsya otnoshenie moshnosti izlucheniya kmoshnosti podvodimogo iz seti toka.)

Vosnove novyi pribor rabotaet analogichno obychnym svetodiodam. Uproshenno govorya, vneshnee vozbuzhdenie (ot istochnika napryazheniya) porozhdaet vpoluprovodnikovom ustroistve pary elektron-dyrka, kotorye vremya ot vremeni rekombiniruyut, generiruya fotony.

No esli vpredydushih primerah ul'traeffektivnyh svetodiodov issledovateli pytalis' povysit' veroyatnost' takoi rekombinacii, to vnovom ustroistve fiziki poshli inym putem. Oni vospol'zovalis' nagrevom, chtoby uvelichit' summarnoe kolichestvo energii, obrashaemoi vsvet.

Takim obrazom, diod iz MIT konvertiruet vizluchenie ne tol'ko tok iz rozetki, no eshe idobavochnoe teplo ot kristallicheskoi reshetki. Ipri pryamom podschete rozetochnogo KPD on okazyvaetsya namnogo vyshe edinicy.

Pravda, stol' strannyi kombinirovannyi rezhim raboty okazalsya dostizhim tol'ko na ochen' nizkom urovne izlucheniya, atakzhe pri malyh znacheniyah toka inapryazheniya.

Po raschetam avtorov proekta, poyasnyaet PhysOrg.com, effektivnost' dannogo ustroistva obratno proporcional'na moshnosti. Ivazhno, chto pri snizhenii napryazheniya na kontaktah potreblyaemaya moshnost' utakogo dioda padaet namnogo bystree (kvadratichno), chem moshnost' izlucheniya (ta padaet lineino).

Tak opytnyi svetodiod, nagrevaemyi do opredelennoi temperatury (a ona vopyte var'irovalas'), potreblyal iz seti 30 pikovatt, no pri etom vydaval vvide sveta 69 pikovatt.

Odnovremenno nablyudalos' nebol'shoe ohlazhdenie pribora (zakon sohraneniya obmanut' nel'zya). Ochevidno, vnekotorom otnoshenii ustroistvo mozhno sravnit' stermoelektricheskim elementom ili teplovym nasosom, tol'ko rabotayushim za schet dvizheniya elektronov.

Sozdateli pribora polagayut, chto ego razvitie mozhet privesti kpoyavleniyu svetodiodnyh svetil'nikov, ne sozdayushih vhode raboty izbytochnogo tepla, ili knovym metodam ohlazhdeniya mikroshem.

(Detali eksperimenta mozhno naiti vstat'e vPhysical Review Letters.)

----------------------------------
----------------------------------
----------------------------------
Chto iz etoi stat'i sleduet - esli izgotovit' po dannoi tehnologii
svetodiod ploshad'yu 3 kvadratnyh metra naprimer, to poluchitsya
bezopornyi dvigatel'.
Tak kak sozdaetsya diod i on aktiviziruetsya, i k nemu podvoditsya
kolebanie efira, v dannom sluchai infrakrasnoe, v svyazi s chem
s odnoi storony kristalla sozdaetsya nizkaya temperatura,
analogichnaya effektu Pel't'e.

Raznica v tom chto v dannom sluchai otvod izlucheniya s teploi
storony kristalla, a holodnaya storona ne izluchaet, chto sobstvenno
i mozhet sozdat' bez-inercionnuyu tyagu.
Tak kak kolebaniya efira napravlenno vyhodyat iz kristalla,
chego net u elementov Pel't'e.

S holodnoi storony sozdaetsya izbytochnoe davlenie efira,
i dvizhenie ustroistva budet napravlenno v storonu izlucheniya.

Chem bol'she raznica temperatur tem bol'she budet davlenie
efira s holodnoi storony kristalla.

Estestvenno eto ne sovpadaet s dvigatelyami fantasticheskih kosmicheskih
korablei, u kotoryh yarkoe izluchenie sozdaet tyagu,
v dannom sluchai yarkoe izluchenie napravlenno vpered
i tyagu sozdaet holodnyi i temnyi efir, tak kak chem bol'she plotnost'
efira tem men'she u nego temperatura i men'she izluchenii na raznyh chastotah,
i kolebaniyah.


Naverh
A.P. Vasi
Re: Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 12.03.2012 0:48

Ponravilis' galaktiki
----------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1105a/

The Star City that Never Sleeps

-----------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/images/medium/opo0404a.jpg

http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/images/medium/opo0404a.jpg
----------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1119a/

http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/images/medium/potw1119a.jpg
--------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0014a/

Galactic Silhouettes
--------------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9821b/

Galaxy NGC 4314 (Hubble View)
-------------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0106b/

Composite ultraviolet-visible-infrared  
image of NGC 1512
-------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1122a/

A Perfect Spiral with an Explosive  
Secret
-----------------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9919i/

Hubble Space Telescope image of supernova 1994D in galaxy NGC 4526
------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1032a/

At the Edge of the Abyss
--------------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0511a/

Hubble Spies Cosmic Dust Bunnies
----------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0911b/

Hubble views NGC 4522
-----------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0810ae/

Arp 148
------------------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9925a/

Magnificent Details  
in a Dusty Spiral Galaxy
------------------------------

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9916a/


 Ring Around NGC 4650A

Naverh
A.P. Vasi
Re: Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 12.03.2012 1:16

Zametil ocherednuyu zakonomernost'.

Rukava.

Esli galaktika sostoit iz yavno vidimyh dvuh rukavov,
to eto rukava ot sliyaniya dvuh galaktik.

Galaktiki sblizhayutsya.
--------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0206b/
Hubble's  
newest camera takes a deep look at two merging galaxies

------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0810ae/

Arp 148
-----------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo9734d/
Colliding Galaxies NGC 4038 and NGC 4039
------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0615a/
Colliding galaxies make love, not war


Formiruyut obshee yadro.
------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo0014a/
Galactic Silhouettes

Yadra galaktik slivayutsya.
---------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1107a/

A rose made of  
galaxies

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0912a/
Hubble views results of NGC 2623 merger
--------


Yadra dvuh galaktik slity.
----------------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1125a/
Spiral  
Spins Both Ways
---------------------------
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo1103c/

Hubble ACS visible image of M51

Naverh
A.P. Vasi
Re: Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 12.03.2012 11:26

Galaktika s rassloeniem.

Picture Album: Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512 in Many Wavelengths (Gallery)

Picture Album: Wide view of Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1512 (Gallery)
---------------------
NGC 4314

Close-Up View of Galaxy NGC  
4314 Galaxy NGC 4314
 

Naverh
A.P. Vasi
Re: Svet i prostranstvo i o skorosti sveta. 24.03.2012 17:59

http://infuture.ru/article/5880
Astronomy obnaruzhili kvazary, deistvuyushie kak gravitacionnye linzy
Astronomy obnaruzhili kvazary, deistvuyushie kak gravitacionnye linzy Kandidaty v gravitacionnye linzy imeyut neocenimoe znachenie dlya ocenki massy galaktik kvazarov.

Astronomy, ispol'zuyushie kosmicheskii teleskop Habbl, nashli neskol'ko primerov galaktik, soderzhashih kvazary, kotorye deistvuyut kak gravitacionnye linzy, usilivaya i iskazhaya izobrazheniya galaktik.

---------------------------

Astronomers Using NASA's Hubble Discover Quasars Acting as Gravitational LensesGo to image download page
----------------

Dannaya galaktika samaya interesnaya iz vseh, u etoi galaktiki proizoshlo sliyanie dvuh
galaktik, chto povleklo za soboi rezkoe rassloenie zvezd, i u centra galaktiki zvezdy
nachali bystro samo-sblizhat'sya i rezko uvelichilas' temperatura v centre, i estestvenno
rezko snizilas' plotnost' efira, i zvezdy v centre ne mogut obespechit' nuzhnogo
davleniya vnutri sebya chtoby uderzhat' zvezdu efira ot togo chtoby chasticy Aleksandra,
ne nachali prevrashat'sya v chasticy efira. Pri vosstanovlenii chastic Aleksandra, k etim chasticam
prisoedinyaetsya energiya, i chastica uvelichivaet ob'em v milliard i bolee raz, i prevrashaetsya
v chasticu efira (chastica efira v milliard raz men'she chasticy (uslovnoi chasticy) vozduha),
pri etom process na nekotoroe vremya stanovitsya neobratimym. Pri blizko raspolozhennyh sosednih
zvezdah, rezko vosstanovivshiisya efir u sosednih zvezd