Na dannoi nedele 20 iyulya Saturn dostignet protivostoyaniya s Solncem, a 21 iyulya Luna (F= 0,01+) proidet severnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 22 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy R Treugol'nika, R Vodoleya i T Cefeya dostignut maksimuma bleska (5m), a Merkurii - maksimal'noi zapadnoi (utrennei) elongacii 20 gradusov. V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 0,06+) proidet severnee Regula, a 23 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda W Liry dostignet maksimuma bleska (7m). 24 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda V Zmeenosca dostignet maksimuma bleska (6,5m), a 25 iyulya Luna (F= 0,25+) okazhetsya v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 368359 km ot centra Zemli. V etot zhe den' dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RS Lebedya dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). Krome etogo, vsyu nedelyu na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov, a takzhe nevooruzhennym glazom vidna yarkaya kometa NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) s bleskom okolo 2m. Kometa vidna i vecherom i utrom v sozvezdii Bol'shoi Medvedicy (pod ee kovshom), a v srednih shirotah vovse ne zahodit za gorizont, i hvostatuyu gost'yu mozhno nablyudat' pod Polyarnoi zvezdoi (v nizhnei kul'minacii), chto dlya takoi yarkoi komety byvaet ves'ma redko. Hvost komety viden i nevooruzhennym glazom, a v binokl' NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) predstavlyaet udivitel'noe zrelishe. Speshite uvidet' samuyu yarkuyu kometu goda! Takzhe vsyu nedelyu imeet mesto parad planet, kogda vse bol'shie planety Solnechnoi sistemy mozhno nablyudat' na utrennem nebe. Na fone utrennei zari viden Merkurii, a znachitel'no pravee ego - Venera. Eshe pravee v binokl' mozhno nablyudat' Uran. Dalee k zapadu viden krasnovatyi Mars, a pravee ego v binokl' ili teleskop mozhno otyskat' Neptun (na dostatochno temnom nebe). Saturn i Yupiter nablyudayutsya eshe pravee u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta.

Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 53 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 16 chasov 20 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca uvelichivaetsya do 31,49 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.

Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 20 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Bliznecov, Raka, L'va, Devy, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,0 do 0,45+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Posle novoluniya Luna pereidet na vechernee nebo, a 21 iyulya molodoi mesyac budet nablyudat'sya v sozvezdii Raka okolo zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli (M44). 22 iyulya rastushii lunnyi serp pereidet v sozvezdie L'va, gde v etot den' proidet severnee Regula. Prodolzhaya uvelichivat' fazu, Luna pereidet v sozvezdie Devy 24 iyulya, sovershiv po nemu trehdnevnoe puteshestvie, proidya severnee Spiki 26 iyulya. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.

Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy (utrennii parad planet): Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, Venera imeet utrennyuyu vidimost', a Mars, Uran i Neptun mozhno nablyudat' noch'yu i utrom. Yupiter i Saturn nablyudayutsya vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2020 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364099 . Efemeridy Solnca, Luny i planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ .

Iz komet hvostataya strannica NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) vidna na fone sumerechnogo segmenta v sozvezdii Bol'shoi Medvedicy s bleskom okolo +2m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2017 T2) pri bleske okolo 9m dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Volos Veroniki, a kometa Enke pri bleske slabee 8m peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyam Sekstanta i Chashi. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .

Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (8,2m) v sozvezdii Bliznecov i Cerera (8,2m) v sozvezdii Vodoleya.

Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Malogo L'va 8,6m - 21 iyulya, T Zhuravlya 8,6m - 21 iyulya, R Treugol'nika 6,2m - 22 iyulya, T Cefeya 6,0m - 22 iyulya, R Vodoleya 6,5m - 22 iyulya, W Liry 7,9m - 23 iyulya, RU Gidry 8,4m - 24 iyulya, V Zmeenosca 7,5m - 24 iyulya, S Del'fina 8,8m - 24 iyulya, RS Lebedya 7,2m - 25 iyulya.

Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yasli (M44), Luna - Regul, Luna - Spika, Venera - Al'deberan, Yupiter - Saturn, Uran - al'fa Ovna, Neptun - fi Vodoleya.

Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod. Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .

Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!

Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!

Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .

Planety

Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari. Bystraya planeta uchastvuet v utrennem parade vseh planet Solnechnoi sistemy. Uglovye razmery Merkuriya umen'shayutsya ot 8 do 7 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo 0m. Faza uvelichivaetsya ot 0,3 do 0,6. Pri nablyudenii v teleskop planeta imeet vid nebol'shogo poludiska bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,80 do 0,97 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2020 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2020.html

Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (levee Al'debarana), uchastvuya v parade planet. Venera vidna na fone utrennei zari v vide samoi yarkoi zvezdy neba. Elongaciya planety uvelichivaetsya ot 43 do 44,5 gradusov k zapadu ot Solnca. Vidimyi diametr Venery umen'shaetsya ot 32 do 29 uglovyh sekund, a blesk prevyshaet -4,3m pri faze okolo 0,4. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide serpa bez kakih-libo detalei na poverhnosti. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi uvelichivaetsya ot 0,52 do 0,57 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2020.html

Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kita, uchastvuya v parade planet. Mars nablyudaetsya noch'yu i utrom nad vostochnym i yuzhnym gorizontom. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo -0,8m, a vidimyi diametr okolo 14 sekund dugi. V teleskop viden disk, na kotorom v lyubitel'skie teleskopy mozhno rassmotret' detali poverhnosti i polyarnuyu shapku. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,71 do 0,67 a.e.. 13 oktyabrya 2020 goda nastupit protivostoyanie (blizkoe k velikomu) planety (Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2020 god). Vidimyi diametr Marsa v period protivostoyaniya prevysit 22 uglovye sekundy pri horoshei vidimosti s territorii nashei strany. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2020.html

Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na nochnom nebe bliz Saturna. Vyshe 68 paralleli Yupiter ne voshodit voobshe. Uglovoi diametr planety sostavlyaet okolo 47,5 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,5m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli 4,15 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali. Pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi naibolee horosho vidny v period protivostoyaniya. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2020.html

Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta imeet popyatnoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca, uchastvuya v parade planet. Saturn imeet nochnuyu vidimost', a nablyudat' ego mozhno bliz Yupitera. Vyshe 69 paralleli Saturn voobshe ne viden. Blesk planety sostavlyaet okolo 0m, a uglovoi diametr - 18,5 sekund dugi. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno nablyudat' kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno nablyudat' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna imeet znachenie 9,0 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2020.html

Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Ovna (yuzhnee zvezdy al'fa Ovna (+2m)) , uchastvuya v parade planet. Uran imeet utrennyuyu vidimost'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,0 do 19,88 a.e.. Disk planety v periody vidimosti razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2020.html

Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy fi Aqr (4,2m), uchastvuya v parade planet. Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,30 do 29,22 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2020.html

Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty

Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.

Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)

Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)

          
Data          a(2000.0)      d(2000.0)   r      delta   m  elon.   V      PA  son.          
Cerera (1)          
21 Jul 2020  23h15m10.86s  -19 31.391'  2.981   2.177  8.2 134.8  16.45 203.4 Aqr          
26 Jul 2020  23h13m58.06s  -20 02.751'  2.982   2.134  8.1 139.6  19.38 213.1 Aqr          
Pallada (2)          
21 Jul 2020  18h58m01.01s  +20 32.980'  3.374   2.568  9.6 136.1  31.98 237.0 Sge          
26 Jul 2020  18h54m19.51s  +19 55.233'  3.378   2.581  9.6 135.2  32.22 230.9 Her          
Vesta (4)          
21 Jul 2020   7h28m05.46s  +22 11.496'  2.533   3.535  8.2   8.1  65.93  95.8 Gem          
26 Jul 2020   7h37m31.13s  +21 57.130'  2.530   3.521  8.3  10.7  65.90  96.7 Gem          
Irida (7)          
21 Jul 2020  18h04m51.34s  -20 10.420'  2.586   1.642  9.3 152.5  29.57 275.5 Sgr          
26 Jul 2020  18h00m58.35s  -20 04.943'  2.575   1.664  9.4 146.9  25.26 275.9 Sgr          
Evnomiya (15)          
21 Jul 2020   5h38m54.79s  +29 14.186'  2.228   3.004 10.1  33.5  73.25  90.5 Aur          
26 Jul 2020   5h50m02.15s  +29 11.357'  2.235   2.978 10.2  35.8  72.37  91.7 Aur          
Gerkulina (532)          
21 Jul 2020  18h29m42.94s  -21 56.954'  2.777   1.807  9.8 158.4  31.05 239.9 Sgr          
26 Jul 2020  18h26m05.76s  -22 27.306'  2.787   1.844  9.9 152.8  27.56 237.6 Sgr          
          
a  pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0,  d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,            
r -  rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.),  delta -  rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),            
m -  zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V -  uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),           
RA -  pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. -  sozvezdie            

Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli

Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2020 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2020 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .

20 iyulya, 17 chasov 33 minut - Novolunie.

21 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, vecher i utro - Vidimost' yarkoi komety NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) nevooruzhennym glazom.

22 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy R Treugol'nika, R Vodoleya i T Cefeya bliz maksimuma bleska (5m).

23 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda W Liry bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).

24 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda V Zmeenosca bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).

25 iyulya, 05 chasov 02 minuty - Luna (F= 0,25+) v perigee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 368359 km ot centra Zemli.

26 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah.

Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Novosti nauki, Meteoveb, Mir astronomii i DvaStrel'ca.

Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):

Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 23 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.

Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 23 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.

Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 23 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.

Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N 07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), Astronomicheskii kalendar'-spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda, http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).