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Re[2]: Antichasticy
7.12.2020 13:41 | ayvvyayva ayvayva
https://olimpiada.ru/article/949
[Citirovat'][Otvetit'][Novoe soobshenie]
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- Antichasticy
(M. Yu. Hlopov, "Fizika Kosmosa", 1986,
2.02.2003 19:49, 5.2 KBait, otvetov: 7)
ANTIChASTICY - elementarnye chasticy, imeyushie te zhe znacheniya mass, spinov i dr. fiz. harakteristik, chto i ih "dvoiniki" - "chasticy", no otlichayushiesya ot nih znakami nek-ryh harakteristik vzaimodeistviya (napr., elektrich. zaryada). Isklyuchenie sostavlyayut foton i neitral'nye mezony (napr., p-mezon), u k-ryh vse zaryady ravny nulyu, vsledstvie chego eti chasticy tozhdestvenny svoim A. Takie chasticy yavl. istinno neitral'nymi. A., sootvetstvuyushaya dannoi chastice, obychno oboznachaetsya simvolom chasticy s til'doi ili chertoi sverhu, napr, antiproton imeet oboznachenie . Pri stolknovenii chasticy s A. proishodit annigilyaciya, pri k-roi chastica i ee A. ischezayut, prevrashayas' v chasticy inoi prirody.
Spiny i magn. momenty chastic i ih A. odinakovy po velichine, no napravleniya magn. momenta po otnosheniyu k spinu protivopolozhny (napr., u elektrona spin i magn. moment napravleny antnparallel'no, u pozitrona - parallel'no). U t. n. chastic so spiral'nostyo (neitrino) A. imeyut protivopolozhnuyu spiral'nost' (protivopolozhnoe napravlenie spina pri odinakovom napravlenii impul'sa). Chasticam i ih A. pripisyvayutsya odinakovye no velichine, no protivopolozhnye po znaku barionnoe i leptonnoe chisla, strannost', ocharovanie, krasota i dr. harakteristiki.
Zakony sohraneniya (napr., barionno-go zaryada, leptonnogo zaryada) utverzhdayut, chto sohranyaetsya raznost' mezhdu chislom chastic i A., obladayushih etimi zaryadami. Struktura adronov i ih A. sovpadaet, prichem v ramkah modeli kvarkov sostoyaniya antibarionov opisyvayutsya tochno tak zhe, kak sostoyaniya barponov s zamenoi sostavlyayushih ih kvarkov na sootvetstvuyushie im antikvarki. Sostoyaniya mezonov i ih A. otlichayutsya zamenoi sostavlyayushih mezon kvarka i antikvarka na sootvetstvuyushie antikvark i kvark.
Skorost' annigilyacii opredelyaet vremya zhizni stabil'noi A. v veshestve. Vremena zhizni nestabil'noi chasticy n ee A. v tochnosti odinakovy, odnako pri nalichii nesk. kanalov raspada otnoshenie veroyatnostei W etih kanalov mozhet byt' razlichno. Napr., izvestny raspady L-giperona L R rp-, LRnp i sootvetstvenno dlya antigiperona i . Otnoshenie veroyatnostei ne ravno . Eto otlichie principial'no vazhno, t. k. dokazyvaet otsutstvie polnoi simmetrii mezhdu chasticami i A. Vozmozhno, na etom puti udastsya ob'yasnit' preobladanie chastic nad A. vo Vselennoi. Imeyushiesya nablyudatel'nye dannye o kosmicheskom izluchenii isklyuchayut vozmozhnost' nalichiya v nastoyashee vremya v Galaktike zametnogo kolichestva antiveshestva (sravnimogo s kolichestvom veshestva). Podrobnee sm. Kosmologiya, Barionnaya asimmetriya Vselennoi.
Rozhdenie A. mozhet proishodit' v stolknoveniyah chastic veshestva, razognannyh do energii, prevoshodyashih porog rozhdeniya pary chastica - A. V laboratornyh usloviyah A. rozhdayutsya vo vzaimodeistviyah chastic, razognannyh na uskoritelyah; hranenie obrazuyushihsya A. osushestvlyayut v nakopitel'nyh kol'cah pri vysokom vakuume. Estestv. usloviya rozhdeniya A. realizuyutsya v okrestnostyah pul'sarov i aktivnyh yader galaktik, a takzhe pri vzaimodeistvii kosmicheskih luchei s veshestvom. Teoretich. astrofizika rassmatrivaet obrazovanie A. (pozitronov, antinuklonov) pri akkrecii veshestva na chernye dyry. V ramkah sovr. kosmologii rassmatrivayut rozhdenie A. pri isparenii pervichnyh chernyh dyr maloi massy. Usloviya massovogo rozhdeniya elektron-pozitronnyh par mogut realizovat'sya v goryachih yadrah massivnyh zvezd. Soglasno modeli goryachei Vselennoi, na ochen' rannih stadiyah rasshireniya Vselennoi v ravnovesii s veshestvom i izlucheniem nahodilis' vse sorta par chastica - A.
(M.Yu. Hlopov)
- Re: Antichasticy (Yu. A. Mitrofanova, 30.09.2016 19:08, 305 Bait) Harakteristika "dvoinikov" antichastic dana ochen' tochnaya. Nesmotrya na to, chto antichasticy est' pochti u vseh elementarnyh chastic, pri stolknovenii proishodit process annigilyacii, pri kotorom chastica prevrashaetsya v chasticu inoi prirody.V yadrah massivnyh zvezd rozhdayutsya elektron-pozitronnye pary.
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