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5.3 Uchet elektromagnitnogo vzaimodeistviya chastic
Elektromagnitnoe vzaimodeistvie igraet rol' popravki k yadernym silam -- my videli eto na primere



Bez kulonovskogo ottalkivaniya dve ``yadernye kapli'' stremilis' by slit'sya. Ob'emnye energii pri etom prosto skladyvayutsya, a poverhnostnaya -- umen'shaetsya, tak kak poverhnost' bol'shoi kapli men'she summy poverhnostei dvuh malyh. Odnako, vsledstvie togo chto kulonovskie sily spadayut po stepennomu zakonu, a yadernye -- po eksponencial'nomu, v krupnyh kaplyah (yadra s bol'shim Z) dalekie protony uzhe ne prityagivayutsya drug k drugu za schet yadernyh sil, a tol'ko ottalkivayutsya za schet kulonovskih. Takim obrazom, kulonovskaya energiya ne ochen' sushestvenna v legkih yadrah i vazhna v tyazhelyh, vsledstvie chego yadra s promezhutochnymi znacheniyami Z (Fe) naibolee prochno svyazany (sm. ris. 27).
Kolichestvennye popravki k energii -- eto odna storona dela. Drugoi vazhnyi aspekt ucheta elektromagnitnyh vzaimodeistvii -- eto processy rozhdeniya i poglosheniya fotonov:




Teper' v sechenie vzaimodeistviya
voidet veroyatnost' rozhdeniya fotonov,
t.e. poyavlyaetsya mnozhitel'
. Rassmotrim process rozhdeniya fotonov
na primere klassicheskogo oscillyatora. Dlya koleblyushegosya zaryada
energiya, vydelyayushayasya
v edinicu vremeni,
![$\displaystyle Q\;\left[{\mbox{erg}\over \mbox{s}}\right]\simeq{e^2\over c^3}\,
\left({d^2x\over dt^2}\right)^2={e^2r^2\,\omega^4
\over c^3}\;.
$](https://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2008/02/15/0001226214/img991.gif)





Po poryadku velichiny eto vyrazhenie goditsya dlya lyuboi sistemy i veroyatnost' yadernyh prevrashenii s uchetom elektromagnitnogo vzaimodeistviya





Z a d a ch a. Izvestno sechenie reakcii
,


![$\displaystyle {d[\mathrm{D}]\over dt}=\sigma v\,[n]\,[p]-f\,(T)\,[\mathrm{D}]\;,
$](https://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2008/02/15/0001226214/img1005.gif)
![$ [\mathrm{D}]$](https://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2008/02/15/0001226214/img1006.gif)

![$ \frac{d[\mathrm{D}]}{dt}=0$](https://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2008/02/15/0001226214/img1008.gif)
![$\displaystyle {[n]\,[p]\over [\mathrm{D}]}=F(T)\,\exp(-2,2\,$](https://images.astronet.ru/pubd/2008/02/15/0001226214/img1009.gif)



(U k a z a n i e: prenebrech' edinicei v formule Planka, t.e. schitat'
).
<< 5.2 Prosteishie primery | Oglavlenie | 5.4 Slaboe vzaimodeistvie >>
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