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Zakon Avogadro
27.07.2001 0:00 | "Fizicheskaya Enciklopediya"/Phys.Web.Ru

Zakon Avogadro - zakon, soglasno kotoromu pri odinakovyh temperaturah T i davleniyah r v ravnyh ob'emah lyubyh ideal'nyh gazov soderzhitsya odinakovoe chislo molekul $N_A$ . Otkryt A. Avogadro (A. Avogadro) v 1811. Zakon Avogadro mozhno sformulirovat' inache: 1 mol' lyubogo iz veshestv v gazoobraznom sostoyanii pri odinakovyh T i r zanimaet vpolne opredelennyi ob'em. Pri p=101,325 kPa, T=273,15 K etot ob'em raven 22,41383 $m^3$ . Kolichestvo molekul, soderzhasheesya v 1 mole veshestva, ravno Avogadro postoyannoi.

Zakon Avogadro yavlyaetsya sledstviem kineticheskoi teorii gazov, soglasno kotoroi dlya ideal'nogo gaza $pV={\displaystyle 1\over\displaystyle 3}N_A m\overline v^2$ ( $m$ - massa molekul, $\overline v^2$ - ih srednekvadratichnaya skorost'). T. k. ${\displaystyle m\overline v^2\over \displaystyle 2}={\displaystyle 3\over \displaystyle 2}kT$ , dlya dvuh razlichnyh gazov pri $p_1=p_2$ , $V_1= V_2$ i $T_1=T_2$ poluchim: $p_1 V_1=p_2 V_2=N_1kT_1=N_2kT_2$ , t. e. $N_1=N_2$ .

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