The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Kosmologiya
Author: Matthias Bartelmann
Comments: 7 pages, no figures
Korotkii, no ponyatnyi obzor po problemam linzirovaniya na skopleniyah
galaktik. Takzhe perechislyayutsya osnovnye rezul'taty, poluchennye dannym
metodom.
Authors: Narciso Benitez et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ApJL
Uskoryaetsya li Vselennaya? Seichas nalichie znachitel'nogo vklada lyambda-chlena sleduet ne tol'ko iz nablyudenii dalekih sverhnovyh, no i iz dannyh po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Odnako, obsuzhdenie voprosa yavlyayutsya li dalekie sverhnovye tipa Ia horoshimi standartnymi svechami ne prekrashaetsya
V svoei stat'e avtory obsuzhdayut samuyu dalekuyu iz izvestnyh segodnya
sverhnovyh (z~1.7, SN 1997ff). Dlya takih dalekih ob'ektov vazhen effekt
gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya. Uchet etogo, kak ni stranno, privodit, po
mneniyu avtorov stat'i, k eshe luchshemu soglasiyu s model'yu, v kotoroi
Omega_M=0.35, Omega_Lambda = 0.65. Pri etom avtory na urovne 3 sigma
isklyuchayut al'ternativnye modeli.
Authors: A. Goobar et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Avtory issleduyut vozmozhnost' opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov po nablyudeniyam linzirovannyh sverhnovyh. Takie nablyudeniya stanut obychnym delom s zapuskom novyh kosmicheskih apparatov SNAP i NGST. S pomosh'yu etih sputnikov mozhno budet nablyudat' sotni sverhnovyh s mnozhestvennymi izobrazheniyami (t.e. iz-za linzirovaniya budet vidno neskol'ko izobrazhenii odnogo istochnika).
Tochnye izmereniya uglovogo rasstoyaniya mezhdu izobrazheniyami, otnosheniya potokov ot raznyh izobrazhenii i vremennoi zaderzhki pozvolyat poluchat' dannye o kosmologicheskih parametrah.
Avtory obsuzhdayut istochniki sistematicheskih oshibok.
Author: Martin White
Comments: 14 pages, 12 figures, to appear in ApJS
Odnim iz naibolee vazhnyh predskazanii lyuboi teorii obrazovaniya
krupnomasshtabnoi struktury yavlyaetsya kolichestvo ob'ektov
razlichnoi massy. V takih modelyah pod ob'ektom obychno
podrazumevaetsya galo temnoi materii.
Avtor podrobno obsuzhdaet
funkciyu mass galo v razlichnyh kosmologicheskih
modelyah.
Author: Jon Loveday, for the SDSS collaboration
Comments: 20 pages, review to appear in Contemporary Physics
Report-no: CP 02.5/13
Podrobno opisan Sloanovskii Cifrovoi Obzor Neba.
Sut' proekta - postroenie mnogocvetnoi trehmernoi karty raspredeleniya
galaktik. Nablyudeniya provodilis' v pyati cvetah: ot blizhnego UF do blizhnego
IK. Baza dannyh budet soderzhat' okolo 50 millionov galaktik
do 23 zvezdnoi velichiny (predel razlichen v raznyh cvetah).
Zatem budut polucheny spektry 1 milliona galaktik i 100 000 kvazarov.
Proekt rabotaet uzhe dva goda, sootvetstvenno v obzore obsuzhdayutsya
rezul'taty, poluchennye za eto vremya.
Author: Max Tegmark
Comments: Invited review for Science, 4 figs. Slightly abbreviated published version available at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/spacetime.html
Populyarnyi obzor sovremennoi kosmologii.
Opisyvaetsya standartnaya na segodnyashnii den' model'
(65 procentov temnoi energii, 30 procentov holodnogo temnogo veshestva).
Author: Samuel M Leach, Andrew R Liddle
Comments: 6 pages LaTeX file with figures incorporated. Slow-roll inflation module for use with the CAMB program can be found at http://astronomy.cpes.susx.ac.uk/~sleach/inflation/
Issleduyutsya ogranicheniya na parametry inflyacionnoi modeli,
sleduyushie iz nablyudenii reliktovogo izlucheniya.
Avtory polagayut, chto s uluchsheniem tochnosti nablyudenii
metod, predlagaemym imi mozhet stat' dominiruyushim v opredelenii parametrov
inflyacionnogo scenariya.
Author: G.G.Raffelt
Comments: Contribution to Dennis Sciama Memorial Volume of NAR
Nesmotrya na otkrytie neitrinnyh oscillyacii sobstvenno massy neitrino ostayutsya neizvestnymi. V stat'e obsuzhdayutsya kosmologicheskie predely na massy neitrino (naibolee sil'nyi seichas sleduet iz obzora krasnyh smeshenii galaktik 2dF vkupe s teoriei obrazovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury). Takzhe obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnaya rol' neitrino v obrazovanii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii.
Author: Lawrence M. Widrow
Comments: 67 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics
My znaem kak mozhno usilit' magnitnoe pole (dinamo). No dlya etogo nuzhno chtoby bylo chto usilivat'. V obzore obsuzhdaetsya kak teoriya dinamo v galaktikah, tak i proishozhdenie zachatochnogo (seed) polya v rannei Vselennoi.
Detal'no opisyvayutsya sovremennye nablyudeniya.
Author: R.Fusco-Femiano et al.
Comments: 15 pages, 9 figures, Invited Review : "Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies", 23-27 April 2002, Taiwan, ASP, Conf. Ser., eds: S.Bowyer & C-Y.Hwang
Sputnik BeppoSAX - horoshii primer nedorogogo i ochen' uspeshnogo proekta.
V obzore opisyvayutsya nablyudeniya skoplenii galaktik na etom apparate.
Author: L. Guzzo
Comments: 13 pages LateX, style files included, 4 PS figures. Review to appear in "DARK2002", 4th Heidelberg Int. Conference on Dark Matter in Astro- Particle Physics, (Cape Town, February 2002), H.-V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus & R. Viollier eds., Springer
Obsuzhdayutsya noveishie dannye po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture, poluchennye
v obzorah galaktik i ih skoplenii (2dF, REFLEX).
Rezul'taty horosho opisyvayutsya v ramkah modeli s nizkoi plotnost'yu
materii ($\Omega_M\simeq 0.3$).
Author: David Langlois
Comments: Invited review talk given at the 11th Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan (Jan 2002); 14 pages; Latex; one figure
V obzore opisyvayutsya rezul'taty issledovanii v oblasti brannoi kosmologii
(sm. takzhe stat'yu "Transdimensional physics and inflation"
hep-ph/0207145).
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Author: S.E. Deustua et al.
Comments: Invited review for the Symposiumhe Future of Particle Physics'', Snowmass 2001. 16 pages, 4 jpeg figures, 3 postscript figures, uses revtex4
Daetsya obzor sovremennyh dannyh po osnovnym kosmologicheskim parametram,
temnoi energii i krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. V nachale obsuzhdayutsya
kosmologicheskie parametry: chto eto takoe i kak oni izmeryayutsya. Zatem
obsuzhdaetsya temnaya energiya: pochemu my uvereny v ee sushestvovanii,
kakova vozmozhnaya priroda etoi energii i t.d. Nakonec obsuzhdaetsya
krupnomasshtabnaya struktura: kak ona obrazuetsya, i kak sovremennye nablyudeniya
krupnomasshtabnoi struktury mogut nakladyvat' ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie
parametry.
Author: Michael S. Turner
Comments: 10 pages LaTeX (newpasp.sty). To appear in "Hubble's Science Legacy: Future Optical-Ultraviolet Astronomy from Space", eds. K.R. Sembach, J.C. Blades, G.D. Illingworth, & R.C. Kennicutt, ASP Conference Series
Seichas pochti ustoyalas' standartnaya kartina temnoi materii i energii vo Vselennoi (3.5% +/- 1% barionov, 29% +/- 4% holodnoi temnoi materii, 66% +/- 6% temnoi energii i nemnogo neitrino). Teper', polagaet avtor stat'i, nado skoncentrirovat'sya na sleduyushih voprosah: (1) V kakoi forme nahodyatsya temnye bariony? (2) Iz chego (iz kakih chastic) sostoit holodnaya temnaya materiya? (3) Kakova priroda temnoi energii?
Otvetov na eti voprosy net, chto i obsuzhdaetsya v obzore.
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Author: James E. Taylor, Joseph Silk
Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures; submitted to MNRAS
Sovremennye dannye ukazyvayut na to, chto znachitel'naya chast' temnogo veshestva yavlyaetsya t.n. "holodnoi" temnoi materiei. Eto mogut byt' slabovzaimodeistvuyushie massivnye chasticy (WIMP). Takaya temnaya materiya dolzhna nahodit'sya v galo galaktik. Odnako, raspredelenie veshestva v galo mozhet byt' ne odnorodnym, a komkovatym. Eto mozhet byt' vazhno pri raschete nablyudaemyh effektov vzaimodeistviya chastic temnoi materii, v pervuyu ochered' ih annigilyacii.
Avtory raschityvayut (na baze minimal'nyh SUSY modelei) potok gamma-kvantov
ot galo. Okazyvaetsya, chto sovremennyi potok kvantov, rodivshihsya posle
annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii, mozhet byt' na poryadok vyshe, chem schitalos'
ranee. Obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' nablyudeniya etogo izlucheniya na budushih
apparatah.
Author: Martin Loidl
Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the XXXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond
Krome izvestnogo protivorechiya mezhdu fizikami i lirikami, est' zametnaya raznica mezhdu astrofizikami i fizikami. Naprimer, esli astrofiziki uvereny v sushestvovanii temnoi materii i issleduyut ee global'nye svoistva i sledstviya iz etih svoistv vytekayushie, to fizikam interesno "poimat' neitrino za borodu": obnaruzhit' chasticy temnoi materii v laboratorii.
V stat'e avtor opisyvaet popytki zaregistrirovat' slabovzaimodeistvuyushie
massivnye chasticy (WIMP). Poka polozhitel'nogo rezul'tata net, sootvetstvenno
predstavleny verhnie predely.
Author: P. J. E. Peebles, Bharat Ratra
Comments:
Temnaya energiya ... V obzore podrobno izlagayutsya osnovnye fizicheskie ponyatiya i
astronomicheskie dannye, svyazannye s etim fenomenom; daetsya istoricheskii
ocherk razvitiya sootvetstvuyushih idei; opisyvayutsya sovremennye nablyudeniyai
obsuzhdayutsya budushie. Avtory privodyat svoi kriticheskie kommentarii po povodu
fundamental'nyh teoreticheskih voprosov, svyazannyh s temnoi energiei.
Author: Olivier Dore et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Etu stat'yu ya vklyuchil v svyazi s diskussiei na Forume po MOND (modificirovannoi n'yutonovskoi dinamike).
Seichas astronomy umeyut neploho opredelyat' gravitacionnyi potencial dlya samyh raznyh sistem. Temnaya materiya uspeshno vse eto ob'yasnyaet, chego ne skazhesh' o MOND. V opisyvaemoi stat'e avtory predlagayut analiticheskii metod opredeleniya potenciala na bol'shih rasstoyaniyah (bol'she razmera skoplenii galaktik) po pekulyarnym skorostyam skoplenii, a takzhe po slabomu mikrolinzirovaniyu.
Pekulyarnye skorosti skoplenii galaktik mozhno opredelyat' s tochnost'yu poryadka 100 km/s po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha. V etom sluchae izmeryaemaya skorost' svyazana s radial'nym dvizheniem otnositel'no reliktovogo fona. Etot metod horosh dlya otnositel'no bol'shih krasnyh smeshenii (0.2 i bol'she). Dlya bolee blizkih skoplenii mozhno opredelyat' rasstoyanie, a zatem vychitat' iz skorosti t.n. habblovskii potok.
Izmereniya, svyazannye s linzirovaniem, dopolnyayut etu kartinu, t.k. svyazany ne s radial'nymi gradientami gravitacionnogo potenciala, a s tangencial'nymi.
Avtory podrobno obsuzhdayut vozmozhnye istochniki pogreshnostei metoda.
Author: G. Fiorentini, B. Ricci
Comments: 9 pages with 3 ps figures included, to appear on the Proc. of ESO-CERN-ESA Symposium on Astronomy, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, Garching bei Munchen, Germany March 4-7, 2002
Daetsya obzor nablyudenii po proverke postoyannosti postoyannoi tonkoi struktury. Obsuzhdayutsya novye vozmozhnye istochniki dannyh.
Napomnyu, chto u nas v strane etoi tematikoi davno i uspeshno
zanimaetsya
gruppa
Varshalovicha v FTI im. Ioffe v Peterburge.
Authors: A.D. Dolgov
Comments: 18 pages, 2 figures; invited talks presented at Rencontres of La Thuile, 2002 and at SpacePart 2002, to be oublished in the Proceedings
Obsuzhdayutsya novye modeli formirovaniya antiveshestva vo vselennoi, v chastnosti opisyvayutsya scenarii s obrazovaniem znachitel'nogo kolichestva antielementov tyazhelee geliya. Rassmatrivaetsya svyaz' takih modelei s novymi nablyudeniyami (naprimer s otkrytiem kvazara, obogashennogo zhelezom).
Authors: M. Gasperini, G. Veneziano
Comments: 250 pages, latex, 34 figures included using epsfig
Ogromnaya teoreticheskaya rabota po tomu "chto bylo, kogda nichego ne bylo", t.e. po fizike do Bol'shogo Vzryva. V rabote daetsya obzor nereshennyh problem v dannoi oblasti (t.k. vidimo reshennyh problem fakticheski net).
Authors: P.J.E. Peebles
Comments: Eight pages; for the proceedings of the Moriond Conference on the Cosmological Model, Les Arcs, March 2002
"Posle togo, kak tochno izmereny kosmologicheskie parametry nado perehodit' k postroeniyu akkuratnyh modelei". Primerno tak mozhno kratko opisat' sut' predlagaemogo obzora.
Authors: F. Nicastro et al.
Comments: Submitted to Nature on May 13; revised version after referees' Comments on July 17th. 14 pages, 2 figures
Na malen'kih krasnyh smesheniyah nablyudaetsya men'she barionov, chem na bol'shih. Primerno 2/3 barionnogo veshestva "pryachetsya" ot nablyudatelei. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto pryatat'sya ono mozhet v "teplo-goryachei mezhgalakticheskoi srede" (Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM)). Etogo veshestva okazyvaetsya dostatochno (po poryadku velichiny), chtoby obespechit' ustoichivost' Mestnoi Gruppy (10^12 mass Solnca).
Authors: Joshua A. Frieman et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Authors: Joseph J. Mohr et al.
Comments: Latex 5 pages, 4 figures, contribution to Dark Matter 2002 conference proceeding
Kak mozhno "izuchat' i probovat'" temnuyu energiyu? Sushestvuet neskol'ko osnovnyh kosmologicheskih testov: habblovskii potok, pervichnyi nukleosintez, reliktovoe izluchenie, krupnomasshtabnaya struktura. Vse oni pozvolyayut nakladyvat' ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie modeli (sm., naprimer, astro-ph/0208133, gde avtory pytayutsya ispol'zovat' nukleosintez dlya ogranichenii na brannye modeli; a takzhe astro-ph/0208114, gde obsuzhdaetsya, kak po nablyudeniyam reliktovogo izlucheniya, v prilozhenii k budushei missii PLANCK, mozhno opredelyat' kosmologicheskie parametry). V svoih stat'yah avtory astro-ph/0208100 i astro-ph/0208102 ispol'zuyut sootvetstvenno habblovskii potok (dannye po sverhnovyh pozvolyayut nezavisimo opredelyat' rasstoyaniya do galaktik, skorosti kotoryh izvestny po krasnomu smesheniyu) i reliktovoe izluchenie i nablyudeniya skoplenii galaktik dlya polucheniya dannyh o svoistvah temnoi energii.
Nikakih novyh vyvodov avtorami ne sdelano, odnako mozhno naiti podrobnuyu diskussiyu o sostoyanii del v nastoyashii moment i o vozmozhnom progresse v samom blizhaishem budushem.
Authors: Robert H. Brandenberger
Comments: 8 pages, 8 figures commissioned article for the AAPPS Bulletin, appeared in 2001
Po-prezhnemu polagayu, chto luchshie obzory po inflyacii pishet Linde. Odnako, esli interesno pochitat' "nezainteresovannyh lic" (Linde vse-taki sozdatel' sovremennoi modeli inflyacii), to vot neplohoi obzor.
V obzore obsuzhdayutsya osnovy modeli, nereshennye problemy. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya formirovaniyu "zarodyshei", iz kotoryh vposledstvii vyrastaet krupno-masshtabnaya struktura.
Authors: E. Hawkins, S.J. Maddox, M.R. Merrifield
Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS accepted
Avtory issledovali raspredelenie kvazarov v kataloge 2dF na predmet nalichiya periodichnosti ih raspredeleniya po krasnomu smesheniyu (ranee podobnaya periodichnost' vrode by byla obnaruzhena). Rezul'tat poiska otricatel'nyi.
Stat'ya korotkaya, i napisana ponyatno i interesno. Sovetuyu prochest'.
Authors: G.A. Tammann, B. Reindl
Comments: 15 pages (2 figures). To appear in the proceedings of the XXXVIIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Cosmological Model", Les Arcs, France, March 16-23, 2002
Daetsya istoricheskii obzor metodov izmereniya kosmologicheskih rasstoyanii (i, sootvetstvenno, opredeleniya postoyannoi Habbla). Takzhe obsuzhdayutsya problemy, sushestvuyushie po sei den', v pervuyu ochered' - kalibrovka cefeid (sm. takzhe stat'yu teh zhe avtorov, posvyashennuyu budushemu vkladu sputnika GAIA v izmereniya vnegalakticheskih rasstoyanii).
Authors: Gary Steigman
Comments: Course of lectures at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, osmochemistry: The Melting Pot of Elements (November 19 - 30, 2001; Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain). 32 pages; 16 figures
Nablyudayushiesya seichas D, 3He, 4He, i 7Li yavlyayutsya (v osnovnom) reliktami molodoi Vselennoi. Pervichnyi nukleosintez (naryadu s habblovskim potokom, reliktovym izlucheniem i krupnomasshtabnoi strukturoi) odin iz glavnyh kosmologicheskih testov: sravnivaya predskazaniya s nablyudeniyami mozhno ochen' mnogo uznat' o "pervyh treh minutah" v zhizni Vselennoi. Pro vse eto i rasskazyvaet v svoih lekciyah Garri Shteigman.
Authors: John E. Carlstrom et al.
Comments: submitted to ARAA Oct 2001, to appear ARAA, 2002, V40
Daetsya obzor effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha i ego kosmologicheskih prilozhenii. Effekt pozvolyaet izuchat' skopleniya galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah; po nablyudeniyam effekta mozhno opredelyat' postoyannuyu Habbla, plotnost' veshestva vo Vselennoi.
Authors: Carlos S. Frenk
Comments: 19 pages, 8 figs. Invited paper at Royal Society Discussion Meeting on ew Science from High Performance Computing.'' High resolution figures at http://star-www.dur.ac.uk:80/~csf/roysoc
Journal-ref: Phil. Tran. Roy. Soc., 2002, 300, 1277
Segodnya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura eto odin iz glavnyh kosmologicheskih testov (sm. vyshe). Krome nablyudenii zdes' bol'shuyu (ogromnuyu!) rol' igraet komp'yuternoe modelirovanie. V stat'e daetsya obzor sovremennogo modelirovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Obsuzhdayutsya novye rezul'taty i ih sravnenie s nablyudeniyami.
Authors: T. Shanks, P.D. Allen, F. Hoyle, N.R. Tanvir
Comments: 6 pages, 4 Figures, Latex, requires newpasp.sty(included), to appear in "A New Era in Cosmology", Eds. N. Metcalfe and T. Shanks, ASP Conf Ser., 2002
Vse li v poryadke v korolevstve Datskom? Pravil'no li opredelyayutsya kosmologicheskie parametry? Avtory dayut kriticheskii analiz sovremennyh metodik i ispol'zuyushihsya v nih predpolozhenii (v pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o zavisimosti parametrov cefeid ot metallichnosti i ob analogichnoi zavisimosti dlya sverhnovyh tipa Ia).
Authors: Syksy Rasanen
Comments: 69 pages, LaTeX2e. Based on a Ph.D. thesis
Na osnove svoei dissertacii avtor daet vvedenie v t.n. ekpyrotic scenario. Eto kosmologicheskaya model', yavlyayushayasya al'ternativoi inflyacii. Scenarii ne raz kritikovalsya Linde. Nadeyus', chto vskore Sergei Pavlyuchenko nachnet obzory gr-qc, i togda Vy smozhete bol'she uznat' o vseh etih kosmologicheskih scenariyah.
Authors: Ofer Lahav
Comments: 4 pages; to appear in the proceedings of the XXXVIIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Cosmological Model", Les Arcs, France, March 2002
Daetsya kratkii obzor konferencii. Otmechaetsya, chto seichas net ser'eznyh nablyudatel'nyh svidetel'stv protiv stndartnoi (v dannyi moment) modeli: holodnaya temnaya materiya + lyambda-chlen. Odnako, imeyushiesya v dannyh neopredelennosti ostavlyayut dostatochno prostora dlya somnenii.
Authors: C. A. Clarkson, A. A. Coley, R. Maartens, C. G. Tsagas
Comments: 9 pages, 1 figure; uses iopart.cls
Ispol'zuya dannye po anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya avtory pytayutsya poluchit' ogranicheniya na krupnomasshtabnoe magnitnoe pole. Bez dopolnitel'nyh predpolozhenii predel okazyvaetsya ochen' slabym. Odnako, pri razumnyh ogranicheniyah na prostranstvennuyu neodnorodnost' udaetsya poluchit' predel na urovne nanogauss (o pervichnyh magnitnyh polyah sm. svezhuyu rabotu hep-ph/0208152).
Authors: Jonathan Mackey, Volker Bromm, Lars Hernquist
Comments: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
My ne znaem kogda nachali obrazovyvat'sya pervye zvezdy i kakimi oni byli. Takie ob'ekty nazyvayut zvezdami populyacii III (Pop III). Oni dolzhny byli poyavit'sya na z=10-20. Pri etom izluchenie massivnyh zvezd, a takzhe vzryvy pervyh sverhnovyh dolzhny byli okazat' sushestvennoe vliyanie na zhizn' molodoi vselennoi. Analogov massivnyh zvezd Pop III my seichas ne vidim, t.k. rodivshiesya milliardy let nazad uzhe davno vzorvalis' (napomnyu, chto vremya zhizni massivnyh zvezd ischislyaetsya vsego lish' millionami let), a seichas takie zvezdy ne obrazuyutsya, t.k. mezhzvezdnaya sreda sushestvenno obogashena tyazhelymi elementami v otlichii ot sredy na z=10-20, kogda byli tol'ko vodorod da gelii.
Avtory issleduyut zvezdy Pop III i delayut predskazaniya dlya nablyudeniya na kosmicheskom teleskope novogo pokoleniya (Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST)). Takzhe avtory vvodyat novuyu sushnost': zvezdy Pop II.5. Eti zvezdy ne ochen' massivny, i mogli dozhit' v galo nashei Galaktiki do segodnyashnih dnei.
DT>
astro-ph/0208458
Are light annihilating Dark Matter particles possible?
Authors: C. Boehm, T.A. Ensslin, J. Silk
Comments: 4 pages. No figure
Avtory issleduyut v kakom diapazone mogut nahodit'sya massy chastic temnoi materii. Krome tradicionnyh bol'shih znachenii dlya WIMP (slabovzaimodeistvuyushie massivnye chasticy), avtory predlagayut diapazon ot neskol'kih MeV do 10 GeV.
Authors: Eric V. Linder
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters
Naskol'ko horosho po imeyushimsya nablyudatel'nym dannym mozhno razlichit' kosmologicheskie modeli? Imenno eto yavlyaetsya temoi korotkoi stat'i Erika Lindera. Osobye nadezhdy on vozlagaet na sleduyushee pokolenie obzorov sverhnovyh tipa Ia (oni "propishut" Vselennuyu do z=1.7).
Sm. takzhe ob etoi rabote v kosmologicheskih obzorah Sergeya Pavlyuchenko.
Authors: H.J. de Vega
Comments: LaTex, 29 pages, 7 .ps figures, Lectures at the 8th. Erice Chalonge School, p. 45-80 in the Proceedings, edited by H.J. de Vega, I.M. Khalatnikov and N.G. Sanchez, Kluwer 2001
Lekciya po inflyacionnoi kosmologii. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno kvantovoi storone dela.
Authors: A. Del Popolo
Comments: 34 pages. Invited review, Research Signpost
Ocherednoi obzor po temnoi materii i blizkim voprosam. Obsuzhdaetsya rol' temnoi materii razlichnogo tipa v formirovanii i evolyucii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury.
Authors: V. Luridiana
Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure. Moriond Latex style. To be published in the proceedings of the XXXVIIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Cosmological Model", Les Arcs, France, March 16-23, 2002
Obilie pervichnogo geliya - vazhneishii parametr v sovremennoi astrofizike. Opredelyaetsya eta velichina ploho: raznye gruppy dayut ochen' raznye rezul'taty. Hotya v poslednee vremya nametilsya progress. V obzore obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye metody opredeleniya obiliya pervichnogo geliya. Privodyatsya novye rezul'taty i rassmatrivayutsya prichiny razlichiya rezul'tatov raznyh grupp.
Authors: Lars Hernquist, Volker Springel
Comments: 17 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Sdelana popytka postroeniya analiticheskoi modeli istorii zvezdoobrazovaniya vo Vselennoi. Rezul'taty modeli sravnivayutsya s rezul'tatami chislennyh raschetov. Grubo govorya, v molodoi Vselennoi plotnost' zvezdoobrazovaniya eksponencial'no rastet s umen'sheniem krasnogo smesheniya. Zatem, dostignuv maksimuma, zvezdoobrazovanie zatuhaet. Zdes' temp zamedleniya sovpadaet s tempom ohlazhdeniya v galo.
Authors: Vicent J. Martinez, Enn Saar
Comments: 15 pages, 7 figures, uses spie.cls (included). This paper will be published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4847, 2002, "Astronomical Data Analysis II," J.-L. Stark and F. Murtagh, eds., and is made available as an electronic preprint with permission of SPIE
Poskol'ku odnim iz vazhneishih kosmologicheskih testov yavlyayutsya dannye po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture, to ochen' polezno predstavlyat' kak zhe poluchayutsya kolichestvennye dannye v etoi oblasti. V obzore opisyvayutsya osnovnye metodiki, primenyaemye v kosmologii dlya opisaniya statistiki galaktik i ih skoplenii.
Authors: M. Bersanelli, D. Maino, A. Mennella
Comments: 81 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to "La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento"
Dan obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v issledovanii anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Opisyvayutsya budushie programmy (sputniki, ballonnye eksperimenty i t.d.).
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski
Comments: 8 pages. To appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations", Eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexAA SC (2002)
V dovol'no populyarnoi forme avtor rassuzhdaet na temu kak mozhno chto-to uznat' ob inflyacionnom potenciale po dannym sovremennyh i budushih nablyudenii (reliktovoe izluchenie, krupnomasshtabnaya struktura i t.p.).
Authors: P.M. Koch, Ph.Jetzer, D.Puy
Comments: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Effekt Zel'dovicha-Syunyaeva (rasseyanie reliktovyh fotonov na goryachih elektronah v skopleniyah galaktik) yavlyaetsya moshnym instrumentom sovremennoi kosmologii. Tochnost' nablyudenii rastet, poetomu vazhno uchityvat' razlichnye tonkie effekty. Naprimer, vlichnie magnitnogo polya v mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Avtory rassmatrivayut dannuyu problemu i poluchayut, chto magnitnoe pole mozhet umen'shit' signal na 10 procentov.
Authors: Jeffrey Weeks, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Philippe Uzan
Comments: 16 pages, 7 figures
Otchasti etot vopros obsuzhdalsya na forume Scientific.Ru. Opredelit' topologiyu Vselennoi voobshe nelegko, a v sluchae pochti ploskoi Vselennoi osobenno. Avtory rassmatrivayut chastnyi sfericheskii sluchai i pokazyvayut kakie algoritmy yavlyayutsya naibolee razumnymi i prostymi. Odnako, za prostotu prihoditsya platit' umen'sheniem kolichestva topologii, kotorye mozhno vyyavit'.
Authors: J. Kovac et al.
Comments: 20 pages, 6 figures
Opisyvaetsya otkrytie polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya na ustanovke DASI. Otkrytie vazhnoe. O nem uzhe mnogo napisano (sm., naprimer, zametku Mihaila Prohorova na Astronete). Rezul'tat bezuslovno nuzhdaetsya v podtverzhdenii. Polagayu, chto do nachala raboty sputnika Plank neskol'ko grupp eshe zayavyat ob obnaruzhenii polyarizacii mikrovolnovogo fona.
Authors: David D. Reid et al.
Comments: pedagogical review, 37 pages
Horoshii obzor po sovremennoi kosmologii.
Authors: Pia Mukherjee, Ken Ganga, Bharat Ratra, Graca Rocha, Tarun Souradeep, Naoshi Sugiyama, Krzysztof M. G\'orski
Comments: 25 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Seichas est' dannye mnozhestva eksperimentov po nablyudeniyu anizotropii reliktovogo fona. V svoei stat'e avtory analiziruyut ogranicheniya, nakladyvaemye etimi dannymi na kosmologicheskie parametry. Rassmatrivayutsya otkrytye i ploskie modeli.
Authors: J.R. Bond et al.
Comments: 20 pages, 8 figures, in Theoretical Physics, MRST 2002: A Tribute to George Libbrandt (AIP), eds. V. Elias, R. Epp, R. Myers
Ocherednoi raz obsuzhdaetsya vopros o kosmologicheskih parametrah. Nikakih sensacii v stat'e net, odnako ona ves'ma horosho otrazhaet sovremennoe sostoyanie del.
Authors: A.E.Allahverdyan, V.G.Gurzadyan
Comments: 8pages, J.Phys.A, 35 (2002) 7243-7254
Hotelos' by poobsuzhdat' etu stat'yu na forume. Avtory utverzhdayut, chto termodinamicheskaya strela vremeni pri nekotoryh usloviyah opredelyaetsya kosmologiei.
Authors: David Langlois
Comments: 32 pages; 3 figures; Latex (PTPTeX); to appear in the Proceedings of the YITP workshop on "Braneworld - Dynamics of spacetime boundary"
Obzor po brannoi kosmologii. Navernoe, podrobnee o nem napishet Sergei Pavlyuchenko.
Authors: J. W. Moffat
Comments: 6 pages, LaTex file. No figures
Eto doklad na special'noi sessii JENAM-2002, posvyashennoi variacii konstant. Rassmatrivayutsya dve kosmologicheskie teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta. Pervaya model' yavlyaetsya al'ternativoi inflyacii. Vtoraya - dopuskaet "potemnenie" sverhnovyh, i, sootvetstvenno, daet al'ternativu uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi.
Authors: Piero Madau
Comments: 11 pages. Invited talk at the ESO-CERN-ESA Symposium on Astronomy, Cosmology, and Fundamental Physics, March 4-7 2002, Garching, Germany
Daetsya obzor po reionizacii (vtorichnoi ionizacii) Vselennoi. Sut' etogo yavleniya primerno takova: posle togo kak na krasnom smeshenii z=10 obrazuyutsya pervye zvezdy, kvazary i t.d. eti istochniki svoim moshnym ul'trafioletovym izlucheniem ionizuyut znachitel'nuyu dolyu mezhgalakticheskogo gaza (a napomnim, chto otnositel'no nezadolgo do etogo kak raz proshla epoha rekombinacii). Nalichie vtorichnoi ionizacii sushestvennym obrazom skazyvaetsya na dal'neishei evolyucii Vselennoi.
Author: Renyue Cen (Princeton University Observatory)
Commets: submitted to ApJ, 55 pages
Snachala Vselennaya byla ochen' goryachei, no na z~1000 proizoshla rekombinaciya. Svet ot nee my nablyudaem segodnya kak reliktovoe izluchenie. Ochen' dolgo posle rekombinacii gaz, zapolnyayushii Vselennuyu, ostavalsya neitral'nym. No segodnya eto ne tak. avtor predpolagaet, chto bylo dve volny reionizacii. Pervaya proizoshla pri z~15-20 i svyazana ona so zvezdami Populyacii III (zvezdami 1-go pokoleniya). Vzryvy sverhnovyh, kotorymi zakanchivalas' evolyuciya etih zvezd, ionizovali okruzhayushuyu sredu. Eto izmenilo Dzhinsovskuyu massu i prakticheski ostanovilo zvezdoobrazovanie. Progretaya sreda rekombinirovala primerno za 108 let i Vselennaya snova stala prozrachnoi dlya L\alpha i bolee energichnyh, ionizuyushih vodorod fotonov. Vtoraya reionizaciya proizoshla pri z~6. Ochen' interesno (no ne ponyatno mozhno ob etom napisat' stat'yu na 55 stranic).
Authors: N. Padmanabhan, U. Seljak, U.L. Pen
Commets: Submitted to New Astronomy. High resolution version available at http://feynman.princeton.edu/~paddy
Kakie kosmologicheskie rezul'taty mozhno budet poluchit' na osnove eksperimentov po slabomu linzirovaniyu sleduyushego pokoleniya, v kotoryh budet izmereno poryadka 105 galaktik? Etomu voprosu posvyashen dannyi obzor. Osobyi upor delaetsya na algoritmy obrabotki kart iskazhenii i sravnenie s chislennymi (N-body) modelyami.
Authors: J. K. Webb, M. T. Murphy, V. V. Flambaum, S. J. Curran (UNSW)
Commets: 12 pages, 3 PS/EPS figures. Invited talk presented at JENAM2002 workshop on The Cosmology of Extra Dimensions and Varying Fundamental Constants. To appear in the proceedings
Stat'ya posvyashena populyarnoi v poslednee vremya teme - poisku peremennosti fundamental'nyh postoyannyh (v chastnosti - postoyannoi tonkoi struktury alpha) po astronomicheskim nablyudeniyam. Na teleskope Kek (Keck) byli proizvedeny spektral'nye nablyudeniya 3-i nezavisimoi vyborki kvazarov v intervale krasnyh smeshenii 0.2 < z < 3.7. Rezul'taty poka predvaritel'nye, no oni soglasuyutsya s peremennost'yu alpha: (alphaz-alpha0)/alpha0=-0.57+/-0.10x10-5.
Author: John Ellis (CERN)
Commets: 12 pages, 16 eps figures, uses espcrc2.sty. Talk presented at the XIIth International Symposium on Very-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, CERN, July 2002 Report-no: CERN-TH/2002-300
Obzor ochen' neglubokii, zato nebol'shoi po ob'emu i ohvatyvayushii bol'shoe chislo tem: spektr kosmicheskih luchei i luchi sverhvysokih energii, pervichnyi nukleosintez, anizotropiya relikta, massy i oscillyacii neitrino, supersimmetrichnye chasticy i temnaya materiya, kvantovaya gravitaciya na pankovskih masshtabah i prostranstvenno-vremennaya pena. Dlya vseh etih tem zatronuty kak teoreticheskie aspekty, tak i eksperimental'naya proverka.
Authors: Alessandro Melchiorri (Oxford), Carolina J. \"Odman (Cambridge)
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures
Odno iz vazhnyh predskazanii inflyacionnoi teorii - sushestvovanie fona nizkochastotnyh stohasticheskih kosmologicheskih gravitacionnyh voln (GV). Eti volny dolzhny vliyat' na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya na dostatochno krupnyh uglovyh masshtabah. Ob'ediniv dannye predydushih eksperimentov po izmereniyu anizotropii relikta (kotorye, v osnovnom, provodili izmereniya na srednih i melkih uglovyh masshtabah) s dannymi novogo eksperimenta ARCHEOPS avtoru udalos' pokazat', chto otnoshenie vkladov tenzornyh(GV)/skalyarnyh vozmushenii v kvadrupole reliktovogo izlucheniya sostavlyaet n_S=0.97-0.12+0.10.
Authors: Dan Hooper and Brenda Dingus
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures Report-no: MAD-PH-02-1310, LAUR-02-6743
Soglasno bol'shinstvu supersimmetrichnyh modelei, neitralino (kotorye sostavlyayut supersimmetrichnuyu temnuyu materiyu) koncentriruyutsya v centrah galaktik. Neitralino postepenno annigiliruyut, ispuskaya gamma-luchi, kotorye mozhno pytat'sya nablyudat'. Uzhe zakonchennyi eksperiment EGRET vel nablyudeniya centra nashei Galaktiki v diapazone energii ot 30 MeV do ~30 GeV. Obrabotka nablyudenii byla napravlena na vydelenie fona, t.e; isklyuchalis' tochechnye istochniki i t.d. Avtory prishli k zaklyucheniyu, chto dannye EGRET zakryvayut mnogie supersimmetrichnye teorii, esli plotnost' neitralino bystro rastet k centru Galaktiki. Bolee tochnye nablyudeniya budut provedeny v eksperimente GLAST, eto tozhe obsuzhdaetsya v stat'e.
Authors: R. Napiwotzki, N. Christlieb, H. Drechsel, H.-J. Hagen, U. Heber, D. Homeier, C. Karl, D. Koester, B. Leibundgut, T.R. Marsh, S. Moehler, G. Nelemans, E.-M. Pauli, D. Reimers, A. Renzini, L. Yungelson
Commets: in: "From Twilight to Highlight", eds. W. Hillebrandt & B. Leibundgut, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer-Verlag, in press, 6 pages, 2 figures Report-no: RP-21-02
Soglasno odnomu iz scenariev vspyshka sverhnovoi tipa Ia proishodit v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh dostatochno massivnyh belyh karlikov. Poisk takih sistem velsya v eksperimente SPY (SN Ia Progenitor surveY). V hode kotorogo na teleskope VLT s pomosh'yu spektrometra UVES iskalis' izmeneniya luchevyh skorostei. Otkryto 90 novyh dvoinyh belyh karlikov, vklyuchaya korotkoperiodicheskie sistemy s massami komponent blizkimi k chandrasekarovskomu predelu.
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech)
Commets: Invited talk at Secrets of the B meson, XXX SLAC Summer Institute, August 2002 (SSI02), 37 pages, 13 figures. Also to appear in proceedings of ICHEP02, 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics, Amsterdam, July 2002
Pohozhe, chto dlya ob'yasneniya astrofizicheskih i kosmologicheskih rezul'tatov poslednih neskol'kih let neobhodimo privlekat' novuyu fiziku. V obzore neskol'ko razdelov. V mikrofizicheskom podrobno rassmotreny razlichnye vidy chastic, iz kotoryh mozhet sostoyat' temnaya materiya (WIMPs, supersimmetrichnye chasticy, aksiony), a takzhe registraciya etih chastic napryamuyu i po produktam raspada. V kosmologicheskom razdele opisany poslednie rezul'taty izmereniya anizotropii mikrovolnovogo fona (relikta) vklyuchaya eksperimenty BOOMERANG i ARCHEOPs. Rassmotren ryad effektov, svyazannyh s inflyaciei. Poslednii razdel posvyashen temnoi energii, kotoraya vyzyvaet uskorenie rasshireniya nashei Vselennoi.
Authors: Wayne Hu (CfCP, U Chicago)
Commets: 16 pages, 6 figures, invited review for Annals of Physics, Jan 2003; higher resolution figures at http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/pub.html
Planiruemye na blizhaishie gody eksperimenty po issledovaniyu anizotropii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fonovogo izlucheniya budut izmeryat' ne tol'ko ego temperaturu, no i polyarizaciyu. Kakie novye rezul'taty mozhno ozhidat' ot etih eksperimentov? Kakaya novaya fizika mozhet proyavit'sya pri izmerenii polyarizacii? Kak eto svyazano s temnoi energiei i kosmologicheskim fonom gravitacionnyh voln?
Dlya chteniya obzora trebuetsya opredelennaya matematicheskaya podgotovka.
Authors: F. Quevedo
Commets: 75 pages, 29 figures, lectures delivered in January 2002 at the th RTN school on `The Quantum Structure of Spacetime and the Geometric Nature of Fundamental Interactions'', Utrecht Report-no: DAMTP-2002-128
Polnocennyi kurs lekcii (75 stranic) otrazhayushii sovremennoe sostoyanie strunnoi/brannoi kosmologii. Sudya po prostym formulam eto dostatochno populyarnyi vvodnyi kurs. No voprosy, svyazannye s inflyaciei, s D-branami i okolo 10 razlichnyh scenariev v nem rassmotreny.
Authors: J.V. Narlikar et al.
Comments: 27 pages, including 5 figures; to appear in Astrophys. J
Neodnorodnosti reliktovogo fona obsuzhdayutsya v ramkah staroi dobroi modeli kvazistacionarnoi Vselennoi Hoila-Berbidzha-Narlikara. Tochnee eto model' 90-h godov, no na baze staroi 48 goda (dlya oznakomleniya rekomenduyu posmotret' dostupnuyu on-lain stat'yu 1994 g., posvyashennuyu kvazistacionarnoi modeli). Otmechu, chto taki model' eta nezhiznesposobna, no, kak izvestno, idei umirayut vmeste s .... V svyazi s etim nel'zya ne upomyanut' i svezhuyu stat'yu Berbidzhei s Arpom.
Otmetim takzhe drugoi (bolee realistichnyi) podhod v kritike standartnoi kosmologicheskoi modeli.
Authors: P. Cea, L.Tedesco
Commets: to appear in Int. Journ. of Mod. Phys. D
Avtory utverzhdayut, chto domennye stenki, voznikavshie pri fazovyh perehodah vakuuma na samyh rannih stadiyah evolyucii Vselennoi, obladayut ferromagnitnymi svoistvami. Togda eti stenki mogli porodit' pervichnye zatravochnye magnitnye polya, vazhnye dlya dal'neishih processov evolyucii.
Authors: T.W.B. Kibble
Commets: Lectures at NATO ASI "Patterns of symmetry breaking", Cracow, Sept. 2002, 35 pp
Narushenie simmetrii pri fazovyh perehoda - ochen' tipichnaya situaciya. Ona vstrechaetsya i v kosmologii, i v "obychnoi" fizike. Esli v odnoi oblasti veshestvo nachinaet perehodit' v "levoe" sostoyanie, a v drugoi, prichinno ne svyazannoi s pervoi, - v "pravoe", to na granice etih oblastei voznikaet tonkii sloi veshestva, kotoroe ne mozhet upast' ni "vlevo", ni "vpravo". V kosmologii takaya struktura nazyvaetsya domennoi stenkoi. A eshe vozmozhny "struny" i "monopoli". Vse eti effekty imeyut svoi analogi v fizike tverdogo tela i mogut byt' vosproizvedeny v laboratorii. V obshem eta stat'ya podoidet tem, kto znaet fiziku tverdogo tela, no ne znaet kosmologii, ili, naoborot, kosmologam, kotorye ishut primery ih drugih razdelov fiziki. Odnako v stat'e dostatochno trudnaya matematika.
Authors: S.M.Molnar and M.Birkinshaw
Commets: Comments: LateX, 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Part 1 of The Astrophysical Journal
Kak voobshe mozhno izmerit' skorosti poperechnyh dvizhenii dalekih galaktik? Radial'nye skorosti izmeryayutsya po effektu Dopplera, a s poperechnymi do poslednego vremeni bylo ploho. Peremeshenie galaktiki na nebe (sobstvennoe dvizhenie) zametit' nel'zya - ono ochen' malo. Krome togo galaktika ne tochechnyi ob'ekt i ee smeshenie trudno tochno opredelit'. Poperechnyi effekt dopplera tozhe ne rabotaet, dlya nego nuzhny relyativistskie skorosti.
V etoi stat'e predlozheny srazu dva novyh metoda ih izmereniya. (1) Po otnositel'nomu dvizheniyu dvuh sozdannyh linzoi izobrazhenii dalekoi fonovoi galaktiki. (2) Po raznosti krasnyh smeshenii u raznyh izobrazhenii odnogo ob'ekta. Nepodvizhnaya gravitacionnaya linza ne menyaet dlinu volny istochnika, dvizhushayasya - menyaet, prichem eto izmenenie proporcional'no skorosti dvizheniya linzy. Oba metoda opredelyayut poperechnuyu skorost' dvizheniya linzy. Dlya ih illyustracii rassmotreno skoplenie galaktik CL 0024+1654.
Authors: Piergiorgio Picozza and Aldo Morselli
Commets: 10 pages, 7 figures, Invited talk at the 18th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Moscow, July 2002, submitted to Journal of Physics G
Esli my budem tochno znat' kolichestvo antichastic (pozitronov, antiprotonov, yader antigeliya) v kosmicheskih luchah, to smozhem otvetit' na celyi ryad voprosov svyazannyh s prirodoi temnogo veshestva i barionnoi asimmetriei Vselennoi. V stat'e rassmotreny rezul'taty eksperimentov vtorogo pokoleniya po poisku antichastic: MASS89, MASS91, TS93, CAPRICE94, CAPRICE98 i poluchennym v nih ogranicheniyam. Vtoraya polovina stat'i posvyashena planiruemomu eksperimentu PAMELLA i sledstviyam ego ozhidaemyh rezul'tatov.
Authors: D. Santos et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter (York, UK, 09/02/2002-09/06/2002)
My uvereny, chto temnoe veshestvo sushestvuet. My uvereny, chto ono nebarionnoi prirody (sm. nizhe, hotya "zerkal'nye bariony" - otdel'naya pesnya: sm. stat'i Blinnikova, Berezhiani i diskussiyu). No my ne znaem, chto zhe eto za chasticy. Mechta - poimat' parochku v zemnoi laboratorii. V stat'e opisyvaetsya proekt takoi ustanovki.
Authors: Asantha Cooray
Commets: 6 pages, to appear in proceedings of "Cosmology & Galaxy Formation"
Ochen' chasto sozdateli bol'shih proektov obeshayut "otkryt' vse na svete", "naiti otvety na poslednie voprosy" i t.p. Yasno, chto eto preuvelichenie, a potomu ne greh zadumat'sya " a chto zhe dal'she?" V dannoi korotkoi zametke avtor pytaetsya rasskazat', chto eshe mozhno budet sdelat' v izuchenii mikrovolnovogo fona posle obrabotki dannyh sputnika MAP.
Na samom dele yasno, chto posle MAP budet Planck. No i krome etogo avtor rassmatrivaet razlichnye eksperimenty, i obsuzhdaet, chto im "ostanetsya" otkryt'.
Authors: G. R. Filewood
Commets: Latex2e document. 3 pages
Ochen' korotkaya zametka: esli postoyannaya tonkoi struktury (alpha=e2/hc) menyaetsya so vremenem (sm., naprimer, zdes'), to zakon sohraneniya energii narushaetsya, esli net raspada protonov.
Authors: Martin Elvis and Margarita Karovska
Commets: 13 pages, with 3 figures. ApJ Letters, in press (Dec 20, 2002)
Avtory predlagayut novyi metod izmereniya rasstoyanii do kvazarov, pohozhii po sheme na "perevernutyi" metod geometricheskih parallaksov (sm. risunok). Peremennoe izluchenie, ishodyashee iz yadra kvazara, otrazhaetsya ot ego bolee vneshnih chastei (tak nazyvaemoi zony shirokih emissionnyh linii (BELR)). Svetimost' etoi zony takzhe menyaetsya, no s nekotoroi zaderzhkoi po sravneniyu s izlucheniem yadra. Eta zaderzhka ravna t=dBELR/c. Esli my izmerim, ugol, pod kotorym zona shirokih emissionnyh linii kvazara vidna s Zemli, to smozhem opredelit' i rasstoyanie do nego. No dlya etogo nuzhno ochen' vysokoe uglovoe razreshenie - 10-5 uglovoi sekundy dlya kvazara s z=2.
Authors: Yoel Rephaeli
Commets: 15 pages, 3 figures, invited review, proceedings of NATO ASI, Palermo, September 2002
Effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha (chasto li vy vstrechali abbreviaturu takogo vida - S-Z?) byl priduman v 1980 g. Zaklyuchaetsya on v sleduyushem - skopleniya galaktik okruzheny oblakami ochen' goryachego (108 K) ionizovannogo gaza. On imeet takuyu vysokuyu temperaturu dlya togo, chtoby nahoditsya v ravnovesii v gravitacionnom pole skopleniya. Elektrony, stalkivayas' s nizkochastotnymi fotonami reliktovogo izlucheniya prevrashayut ih v rentgenovskie kvanty (tak nazyvaemyi obratnyi kompton effekt). Takoe rentgenovskoe izluchenie ot skoplenii galaktik nablyudaetsya. No iz-za etogo effekta chislo kvantov, prihodyashih so storony skopleniya umen'shitsya, chto budet proyavlyat'sya kak ponizhenie temperatury reliktovogo izlucheniya. Eto snizhenie temperatury i est' effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha.
Poslednee vremya chislo rabot posvyashennyh issledovaniyu kosmologicheskih parametrov nashei Vselennoi s pomosh'yu effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha bystro rastet. Okazyvaetsya s ego pomosh'yu mozhno opredelit' ochen' mnogo raznyh kosmologicheskih parametrov. Podrobnosti - v stat'e.
Authors: James M. Cline and J\'er\'emie Vinet
Commets: 8 pages, revtex4
Kak bylo ustanovleno v poslednie neskol'ko let (i poka eshe proveryaetsya) nasha Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem. Schitaetsya, chto takoi hod rasshireniya opredelyaetsya tem, chto vselennaya zapolnena, v osnovnom, temnoi energiei - sredoi s ochen' bol'shim po modulyu otricatel'nym davleniem (ravnym ili pochti ravnym plotnosti energii etoi substancii). No okazyvaetsya vse eto mozhno ob'yasnit' bez takoi materii v ramkah mnogomernoi teorii, esli razmery dopolnitel'nyh kompaktnyh izmerenii menyayutsya so vremenem.
Authors: A. Morales
Commets: 19 pages, 6 figures, Invited Review Talk given at the XXX International Meeting on Fundamental Physics, IMFP2002, February 2002, Jaca, Spain. To appear in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.)
Dovol'no emkii obzor po eksperimentam, prizvannym obnaruzhit' chasticy temnoi materii. Rassmatrivayutsya detektory vseh tipov, krome kriogennyh. Poka polozhitel'nyh rezul'tatov net, krome 3-sigma signala v eksperimente DAMA (no tut eshe nado vse proveryat' pereproveryat').
Authors: Abraham Loeb, P.J.E. Peebles
Commets: 5 pages, Sumitted to ApJ
Ochen' krasivaya vesh' - naiti prostoe ob'yasneniyu nekotoromu horosho izvestnomu (no ne do konca ponyatomu) yavleniyu. Imenno eto avtory i pytayutsya sdelat'.
Dispersiya skorostei bol'shih ellipticheskih galaktik 200 km/s (rech' idet o zvezdah v galaktikah). Bolee 400 km/s prakticheski nikogda ne byvaet. Okolo 200 - dovol'no rezkii maksimum. Eto daet sil'noe ogranichenie na massu, zaklyuchennuyu v "svetyasheisya" chasti galaktiki. Avtory ob'yasnyayut eto processom formirovaniya galaktik v standartnoi na segodnyashnii den' modeli s holodnoi temnoi materiei i kosmologicheskim chlenom.
Dlya ob'yasneniya vvodyatsya dve razumnye gipotezy. Pervaya: zvezdy obrazuyutsya na z=6 eshe do okonchatel'nogo formirovaniya galaktiki. Vtoraya: raspredelenie temnogo veshestva v novoobrazovavshemsya galo "ne pomnit" takih detalei processa, kak malaya dolya besstolknovitel'nogo "zvezdnogo" veshestva v plotnyh oblastyah bolee rannih galo.
Rezul'taty raschetov v sootvetstvii s etimi gipotezami podtverzhdayutsya dannymi Sloanovskogo obzora neba.
Authors: Y. Ramachers (Oxford, UK)
Commets: 13 pages, 6 figures, invited review for the Proc. XXth Int. Conf. Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics, May 25-30, 2002, Munich, Germany; version includes correction of typo in eqn.2; to appear in Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl
Kakaya fizika daet nam WIMPs (Slabo vzaimodeistvuyushie tyazhelye chasticy)? Kakovy ih parametry? Kakim obrazom ih luchshe registrirovat'? Vot temy dannogo obzora. Rekomenduyu zaodno posmotret' i astro-ph/0211446.
Authors: Paul H. Frampton and Tomo Takahashi
Commets: 10 pages LaTeX including 4 eps figures
Avtory na osnove kosmologicheskih dannyh - a imenno dannyh ob anizotropii relikta, dannyh po SN Ia i po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture - pokazali, chto sud'ba nashei Vselennoi pod deistviem temnoi energii mozhet zakonchit'sya odnim iz treh sposobov:
- sushestvovanie Vselennoi zavershitsya cherez 7 milliardov let;
- Vselennaya mozhet sushestvovat' i rasshiryat'sya beskonechno pri dominirovanii temnoi energii;
- temnaya energii mozhet dissipirovat', Vselennaya asimptoticheski pereidet na fazu beskonechnogo fridmanovskogo rasshireniya a(t) ~ t2/3.
Authors: Eric Hivon and Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech)
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures. Matches the published "Perspectives" article Journal-ref: Science 298, 1349 (15 Nov 2002)
"Eksperiment DASI zavershil 34-letnyuyu ohotu za registraciei polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya." T.e. "novym oknom" i yavlyaetsya polyarizaciya relikta, kotoraya daet sushestvenno bol'she novoi informacii, chem ego temperatura, a eksperiment DASI v kotorom polyarizaciya byla vpervye zaregistrirovana eto okno priotkryl. Vo vsyu shir' ego raspahnet MAP (Microwave Anisotropy Probe), kotoryi planiruetsya zapustit' v 2007 g. Za podrobnostyami - v stat'yu.
Authors: Gia Dvali, Andrei Gruzinov, and Matias Zaldarriaga
Sushestvuyut kosmologicheskie teorii v kotoryh nizkii temp uskoreniya Vselennoi ob'yasnyaetsya izmeneniem zakona tyagoteniya na ochen' bol'shih rasstoyaniyah (poryadka gorizonta ili na eshe bOl'shih). Odnako takie izmeneniya mogut byt' obnaruzheny i na malyh rasstoyaniyah, naprimer s pomosh'yu precizionnyh izmerenii rasstoyaniya v sisteme Zemlya-Luna.
Authors: EROS Collaboration
Commets: 6 pages, 3 figures
Pyat' let proekt EROS kazhduyu noch' nablyudaet za Malym Magellanovym Oblakom v poiskah sobytii gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya. V hode etogo eksperimenta byli zafiksirovany chetyre ochen' dlinnyh sobytiya, kotorye, vozmozhno, proizvedeny linzami ne prinadlezhashimi galo Galaktiki. Iz etih dannyh mozhno poluchit' ogranichenie, chto ne bolee 25% massy galo mozhet soderzhat'sya v ob'ektah sostoyashih iz temnoi materii s massami ot 2.10-7 Mo do 1 Mo.
Authors: T. Jacobson, S. Liberati, and D. Mattingly
Commets: 13 pages, 3 figures
Narushenie lorencevskoi invariantnosti prostranstva-vremeni mozhet proishodit' na energiyah blizkih k Plankovskim i proyavlyat'sya v poyavlenii u fotonov v vakuume dispersii (t.k. ih skorost' budet otlichat'sya ot c). Nablyudeniya sinhrotronnogo izlucheniya Krabovidnoi tumannosti pozvolilo poluchit' novoe ogranichenie na harakternoe znacheniya etoi energii (pri kotoroi dispersiya stanovitsya sushestvennoi) E>4.5.1027 GeV. Eta velichina na 4 poryadka vyshe Plankovskoi energii i na 5 poryadkov vyshe predydushih ogranichenii.
Authors: Alain Riazuelo, Jean-Philippe Uzan, Roland Lehoucq, Jeffrey Weeks
Commets: 32 pages, 49 figures, submitted to PRD. Higher resolution figures available on demand
Vselennaya mozhet imet' slozhnuyu topologiyu (tory, skleiki i t.p.) Budet li eto skazyvat'sya na raspredelenii neodnorodnostei temperatury reliktovogo izlucheniya? Esli da - to kak? Stat'ya posvyashena osobennostyam chislennogo modelirovaniya, no v nei mnogo model'nyh kartinok.
Authors: G. Boudoul & A. Barrau
Commets: Proceedings of the International Conference on Theoretical Physics (TH2002), to appear in Annales Henri Poincare
Malen'kie chernye dyry obrazuyutsya na rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi, esli perepady plotnosti togda byli dostatochno veliki. V etoi stat'e priveden obzor poslednih dostizhenii v etoi oblasti. Rassmotreny voprosy poiska takih chernyh dyr (cherez kosmicheskie i gamma-luchi), ispol'zovaniya pervichnyh chernyh dyr dlya izucheniya Vselennoi na ochen' malyh kosmologicheskih shkalah (v ochen' rannem vozraste). V konce rassmotreny nekotorye effekty "novoi fiziki" - vliyanie vysshih izmerenii na obrazovanie pervichnyh chernyh dyr.
Authors: G.J. Gounaris and G. Moultaka
Commets: 6 pages, no figures. e-mail: gounaris@physics.auth.gr Report-no: THES-TP 2002/03, PM/02-55
Eksperimenty poslednih let ustanovili, chto razlichnye sorta neitrino smeshivayutsya (perehodyat drug v druga) i dostatochno sil'no ogranichili vozmozhnye znacheniya parametrov smeshivaniya. A kak budut raspredeleny po aromatam (sortam) neitrino prihodyashie iz kosmosa? V dannoi rabote daetsya prostoi analiticheskii otvet na etot vopros.
Authors: Joseph Silk
Commets: 22 pages, Plenary talk at TH-2002, UNESCO, Paris, July 22-26, 2002, to be published in Annales Henri Poincar\'e
Dovol'no podrobno (naskol'ko eto vozmozhno v 20-ti stranichnom obzore) so mnozhestvom ssylok opisyvaetsya otkrytie reliktovogo izlucheniya, sootvetstvuyushaya teoriya, a takzhe obsuzhdaetsya razvitie etoi oblasti. Seichas issledovaniya relikta - ochen' goryachaya tema. No nado toropit'sya, na 21-m tehasskom simpoziume (Florenciya, 9-13 dekabrya) bylo vyskazano rezonnoe mnenie, chto posle sputnika Plank potok dannyh po fonovomu izlucheniyu mozhet byt' nadolgo ischerpan....
O polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya sm. stat'i "The large-scale polarization of the microwave background and foreground" astro-ph/0212419, "CMB Polarization at Large Angular Scales: Data Analysis of the POLAR Experiment" astro-ph/0212425.
Authors: Ofer Lahav
Commets: Invited review at the XVIIIth IAP meeting the Nature of Dark Energy'; Paris 2002; 10 pages (2 figures included)
V poslednie gody vozros potok nablyudatel'nyh dannyh v kosmologii. Sredi prochego prisutstvuyut bol'shie obzory krasnyh smeshenii (Sloanovskii obzor, 2dF - dvuhgradusnyi obzor i dr.). V obzore Lahav rassmatrivaet vopros ob opredelenii parametrov temnoi energii po etim dannym. Suhoi ostatok takov: sami po sebe dannye obzorov ne dayut vozmozhnosti opredeleniya uravneniya sostoyaniya temnoi energii, no vmeste s drugimi dannymi (relikt i dr.) uzhe seichas dayut vazhnye verhnie predely, kotorye v budushem mogut byt' sushestvenno uluchsheny.
Authors: Oliver Zahn, Matias Zaldarriaga
Commets: 13 pages, 19 figures
Eta stat'ya v nekotorom smysle pereklikaetsya s predydushei (astro-ph/0212358). Rech' opyat' idet o proverke kosmologicheskih parametrov po dannym nablyudenii. Na etot raz avtory dumayut, kak opredelit' temp rasshireniya Vselennoi na moment rekombinacii po dannym sputnikov MAP (uzhe zapushen) i Planck.
Voobshe zhe o sovremennom znanii kosmlogicheskih parametrov sm. nizhe stat'yu "The last stand before MAP: cosmological parameters from lensing, CMB and galaxy clustering" astro-ph/0212417.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Commets: 4 pages, submitted to Ap. J. Lett
Nesmotrya na bol'shie uspehi v nablyudatel'noi kosmologii v nashem znanii osnovnyh parametrov sushestvuet dovol'no bol'shaya neopredelennost' (hotya, udivitel'no, chto my voobshe tak horosho ih znaem!). V etoi korotkoi zametke (vsego 3 stranichki + risunok) avtor rassmatrivaet vozmozhnye ogranicheniya na vozrast Vselennoi (menee 20 milliardov let), a takzhe na parametr uravneniya sostoyaniya temnoi materii (w>-1.5, w=const).
Authors: Xiaomin Wang et al.
Commets: Combined CMB data, window and covariance matrix for January "MAP vs World" contest at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/cmblsslens.html or from xiaomin@hep.upenn.edu
Sputnik MAP uzhe letaet i sobiraet dannye. V sleduyushem godu poyavyatsya pervye rezul'taty, a potomu narod podvodit itogi. V obzore daetsya svodka opredelenii osnovnyh kosmologicheskih parametrov po dannym razlichnyh nablyudenii, a takzhe perechislyayutsya osnovnye problemy, sushestvuyushie v nablyudatel'noi kosmologii (kak-to "problema sigma-8").
Authors: Keith Grainge et al.
Commets: 6 pages with 5 figures, submitted as a letter to MNRAS
Eshe odin eksperiment po izmereniyu anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Izmereniya velis' na ustanovke VSA (Very Small Array) na chastote 34 GGc. Iz nablyudatel'nyh dannyh poluchen spektr moshnosti v intervale l=160-1400. Na nem (znachimo) vidny pervye tri akusticheskih pika i zaval na l>1000.
Authors: Edward Witten
Commets: 10 pp, lecture at Sackler Colloquium on Challenges to the Standard Paradigm
"Papa teorii strun" rasskazyvaet o teorii strun. Uzhe poetomu stoit pochitat'. Stat'ya korotkaya i populyarnaya. Poetomu pereskazyvat' ne budem. Chitaite!
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Commets: 20 pages, To appear in Proceedings, ESO-CERN-ESA Symposium on Astronomy, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, March 2002
Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya. Obzor sovremennyh nablyudenii kosmologicheskih parametrov, a takzhe sledstvii, kotorye iz etogo vytekayut. Formul malo, i oni prostye.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu " Cosmological Parameters: Fashion and Facts" astro-ph/0301137.
Authors: Mairi Sakellariadou
Commets: Invited lectures in the NATO ASI / COSLAB (ESF) School `Patterns of symmetry breaking'', September 2002 (Cracow). 28 pages
Sovremennye nablyudeniya isklyuchayut vozmozhnost' dominirovaniya topologicheskih defektov (kosmicheskih strun) v ob'yasnenii ryada problem kosmologii. Odnako, teriya razvita, a zakryt' effekt na 100 procentov trudno. Avtor (posle horoshego vvedeniya) rassuzhdaet, gde eshe v kosmologii mozhno primenit' kosmicheskie struny tak, chtoby eto ne protivorechilo sovremennym nablyudatel'nym dannym.
Author: David Langlois (GReCO/IAP, Paris)
Commets: 8 pages; Review talk in the XXXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond, "The Cosmological Model", Les Arcs, France, March 2002
Kosmologiya vo Vselennoi-na-Brane (Cosmology in a brane-universe)
Author: David Langlois (GReCO/IAP, Paris)
Commets: 12 pages; Invited review talk at the JENAM 2002 workshop on "The cosmology of extra dimensions and varying fundamental constants", Porto, Portugal, September 2002
Dve pohozhie obzornye zametki molodogo (i ochen' citiruemogo) francuzskogo teoretika o roli "lishnih" izmerenii v sovremennoi kosmologii. Nesmotrya na kratkost' i obzornyi harakter stat'i ne yavlyayutsya legkimi dlya chteniya (dlya nespecialista kosmologa ili fizika-teoretika). Avtor rassmatrivaet kosmologicheskii scenarii dlya Vselennoi na brane v 5-mernom prostranstve i pokazyvaet kakie osobennosti pri etom voznikayut.
Otmetim otsutstvie (naskol'ko nam izvestno) horoshego populyarnogo izlozheniya brannoi kosmologii na russkom yazyke (est' tol'ko dovol'no slozhnaya stat'ya Rubakova v UFN).
Authors: J.-P. Eckmann et al.
Fraktal'naya razmernost' D, vychislennaya dlya vidimogo mnozhestva galaktik daet D~2. Etot rezul'tat vnov' podnimaet diskussiyu o protivorechii dannogo fakta s modelyami, osnovannymi na predpolozhenii ob odnorodnosti Vselennoi. Odnako, po-vidimomu, etot rezul'tat ne protivorechit tomu, chto deistvitel'noe znachenie D mozhet lezhat' mezhdu 2 i 3. Na prostoi fraktal'noi modeli pokazano, kak mozhno uluchshit' ocenku D, chtoby razreshit' dannyi vopros.
Authors: Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde
Commets: 7pages, 6 figs
Esli znak potnosti temnoi energii (Lyambda-chlena) polozhitelen, to Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem. Esli on obrashaetsya v nol' - to my vozvrashaemsya k klassicheskim Fridmanovskim modelyam. A vot esli on stanovitsya otricatel'nym, to Vselennaya kollapisruet i etot process dlitsya vremya sravnimoe s ee vozrastom.
Otricatel'naya plotnost' temnoi energii tipichna dlya ryada teorii, osnovannyh na supergravitacii. V dannoi stat'e Renata Kallosh i ee suprug Andrei Linde pokazyvayut, chto smena znaka plotnosti temnoi energii na otricatel'nyi - gorazdo bolee obshee yavlenie. Pri etom po sovremennomu hodu rasshireniya Vselennoi prakticheski nevozmozhno opredelit' smenitsya li ono bystrym kollapsom ili net. Neskol'ko primerov razlichnogo hoda rasshireniya pokazany na grafike.
Authors: Arthur Kosowsky
Commets: 11 pages, to appear in "The Emergence of Cosmic Structure," Proceedings of the 13th Annual Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, eds. S. Holt and C. Reynolds, AIP Press, 2003
Nablyudeniya reliktovogo izlucheniya uzhe seichas yavlyayutsya odnim iz vazhneishih (samym vazhnym?) istochnikom nashih kosmologicheskih znanii. A v nedalekom budushem ozhidaetsya novyi vitok progressa v etoi oblasti. Avtor rassuzhdaet ob etom nedalekom budushem i opisyvaet planiruemyi eksperiment ACT.
Sm. takzhe "What can we learn on the thermal history of the Universe from future CMB spectrum measures at long wavelengths?" astro-ph/0301133.
Authors: C. L. Bennett et al.
Commets: ApJ in press; 22 pages with 10 low-resolution figures; version with better quality figures is available at http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_mm/tp_links.html
Seriya statei pro sputnik MAP (astro-ph/0301159, astro-ph/0301160, astro-ph/0301164).
Opisyvayutsya razlichnye detali ustroistva sputnika, ego naznachenie i t.d. i t.p. Naibolee obshaya i dostupnaya stat'ya - astro-ph/0301158. V svyazi so skorym opublikovaniem pervyh dannyh s etogo sputnika stat'ya budet nebezinteresna vsem interesuyushimsya sovremennoi kosmologiei.
Authors: Richard Lieu, Lloyd W. Hillman
Commets: 9 pages, Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Vse bolee-menee uvereny, chto na ochen' malen'kih masshtabah (poryadka plankovskogo) svoistva prostranstva-vremeni dolzhny byt' otlichny ot privychnyh nam. Odnako, net nikakih eksperimental'nyh dannyh na etot schet (krome dovol'no plohih verhnih predelov). V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya, kak mozhno takie dannye poluchit' i kakie predely dayut sovremennye nablyudeniya. Avtory predlagayut ispol'zovat' nablyudeniya fazovoi kogerentnosti izlucheniya ot vnegalakticheskih istochnikov dlya polucheniya sootvetstvuyushei informacii (otmetim, chto vnegalakticheskie nablyudeniya v gamma-diapazone uzhe aktivno ispol'zuyutsya dlya poiska masshtaba kvantovoi gravitacii, no poka - predely, predely, predely...). V kachestve illyustracii rassmatrivayutsya nablyudeniya kolec Eiri ot odnoi aktivnoi galaktiki. Razumeetsya, opyat'-taki poka prosto mozhno dat' nekotorye verhnie predely, no metodika interesnaya.
Authors: David H. Weinberg, Romeel Dav'e, Neal Katz, Juna A. Kollmeier
Commets: 13 pages, to appear in "The Emergence of Cosmic Structure," Proceedings of the 13th Annual Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, eds. S. Holt and C. Reynolds, AIP Press, 2003
Laiman-al'fa les - eto nabor spektral'nyh linii (pogloshenie) v spektre dalekogo vnegalakticheskogo ob'ekta, poyavlyayushiisya za schet veshestva na luche zreniya. Kvazar (ili galaktika) "prosvechivaet" vselennuyu, i my mozhem poluchat' vazhnuyu informaciyu o raspredelenii veshestva, kotorye drugimi metodami chasto neobnaruzhimo. V stat'e opisyvaetsya dannyi metod kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Avtory privodyat bol'shoi (dlya korotkogo obzora) spisok literatury. Tak chto zhelayushie mogut prodolzhit' chtenie, ispol'zuya uzhe original'nye stat'i.
Author: Alan H. Guth
Commets: 13 pages, including 4 figures, LaTeX 2.09, attached style file AATS2.sty required. Review talk given at "Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales," Hilo, Hawaii, 5-9 February 2001. The paper has already been published
Journal-ref: Astrophysical Ages and Time Scales," Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, vol. 245, pp. 3-17 (2001)
Odin iz osnovopolozhnikov teorii inflyacii dovol'no populyarno pishet o svoei tematike. V principe nichego novogo, no pochitat' priyatno. Krome togo, postroeny nekotorye prostye grafiki, kotorye polezno imet' pered glazami, razmyshlyaya o raznyh modelyah.
Authors: S. Mitra and R. Foot
Commets: About 9 pages
Avtory obrashayut vnimanie na to, chto poka nedostatochno proverena odna iz gipotez. Ona zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto krome togo, chto chasticy temnoi materii mogut dostatochno sil'no vzaimodeistvovat' drug s drugom, chtoby obrazovyvat' "granuly" (grains), oni mogut dostatochno sil'no vzaimodeistvovat' s obychnym veshestvom, chtoby nahodit'sya vokrug nas. Takie chasticy poluchayutsya v nekotoryh teoriyah s t.n. "zerkal'noi simmetriei". Po mneniyu avtorov obnaruzhit' takie chasticy (tochnee granuly) mozhno s pomosh'yu centrifugi, ispol'zuya obychnoe veshestvo v kachestve fil'tra. Sovremennye centrifugi mogut davat' uskorenie do 106 g. Pri upomyanutoi vyshe sile svyazi granuly iz chastic temnoi materii prosto "vyletyat" iz issleduemogo obrazca pri rabote centrifugi, esli ih razmer bol'she 100 mikron. Sootvetstvenno massa umen'shitsya, chto mozhno budet zaregistrirovat'. Po mneniyu Mitry i Futa etogo mozhet byt' dostatochno dlya obnaruzheniya chastic, esli oni sostavlyayut bolee millionoi doli (po masse) v issleduemom obrazce (otricatel'nyi rezul'tat eksperimenta pozvolit nalozhit' vazhnye verhnie predely na parametry chastic temnoi materii, v chastnosti mozhet pokazat', chto svyaz' dolzhna byt' slabee 10 -10 ot obychnoi kulonovskoi ).
Authors: D. Pogosyan, J.R. Bond, C.R. Contaldi
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the XVIII IAP Colloquium `On the nature of dark energy', Paris, 1-5 July 2002
Srazu vyvody:
- Dannye po reliktu podtverzhdayut vyvody po sverhnovym (SN1a).
- Tol'ko po reliktu poluchaetsya w < -0.4 (95% dostovernosti), po reliktu+SN1a w < -0.8.
Author: P. Hoeflich, C. Gerardy, E. Linder & H. Marion
Commets: 25 pages, to be published in "Stellar Candles", eds. Gieren et al. Lecture Notes in Physics ( http://link.springer.de/series/lnpp)
Obzor po sverhnovym tipa Ia i ih kosmologicheskim prilozheniyam.
Authors: G.Sironi et al.
Commets: 9 pages, in press on the Proc. of the 3rd Sakharov Conf. - Moscow 2002
Opisyvayutsya predvaritel'nye rezul'taty eksperimenta TRIS po poisku otklonenii ot plankovskogo spektra na chastote poryadka 1 Ggc.
Authors: Volker Bromm, Abraham Loeb
Commets: 11 pages, invited contribution to Proc. of 13th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "The Emergence of Cosmic Structure", College Park, October 2002, version with full resolution Figs. at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~vbromm/REVIEW/
Nebol'shoi obzor po obrazovaniyu pervyh zvezd i kvazarov vo Vselennoi. Nikakih pryamyh nablyudatel'nyh dannyh o samyh pervyh ob'ektah net, poetomu rassuzhdeniya ob otlichiyah nachal'noi funkcii mass zvezd "togda" i "teper'", a takzhe mnogie drugie voprosy nosyat teoreticheskii harakter. Odnako, mozhno skazat', chto v poslednee vremya issledovaniya v etoi oblasti prodvinulis' vpered. Poetomu obzor dovol'no aktualen.
Authors: William H. Kinney
Commets: Lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Techniques and Concepts of High Energy Physics, St. Croix, USVI (2002). 60pp, 20 color figs. Version w/ high-res figs is available at http://www.astro.columbia.edu/~kinney/cv/papers/kinney_asi_2002.ps.gz
Bol'shoi tekst lekcii. V spiske literatury, kak eto seichas prinyato (osobenno na shkolah), mnogo ssylok na setevye resursy i stat'i Arhiva elektronnyh preprintov. Tak chto tem, komu 60 stranic lekcii pokazhetsya nedostatochnym, budet legko naiti materialy, gde bolee podrobno rassmotrena ta ili inaya problema, upomyanutaya v obzore.
Authors: Yuriy Mishchenko and Chueng-Ryong Ji
Commets: 14 pages, 13 figures
V skoplenii galaktik CL0024+1654 s mnozhestvennym gravitacionnym linzirovaniem udaetsya izmerit' prostranstvennoe raspredelenie kak vidimoi, tak i temnoi materii. Podobnymi svoistvami obladayut i nekotorye spiral'nye galaktiki s izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obladaya podobnymi dannymi mozhno ocenit' massu chastic iz kotoryh sostoit temnaya materiya. Ona okazyvaetsya ravnoi m=540+/-180 MeV.
Authors: Keith A. Olive
Commets: 54 pages, latex, 22 eps figures, Summary of lectures given at the Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder - June 2-28, 2002
Neskol'ko lekcii po temnoi materii: teoriya, nablyudeniya .... Soderzhanie rasschitano na podgotovlennogo chitatelya (no ne na uzkogo specialista). Privoditsya bol'shoi spisok literatury. Mnogo poleznyh illyustracii.
Authors: John N. Bahcall, Charles L. Steinhardt, David Schlegel
Commets: 46 pages, Comments, suggestions, and criticisms welcome (to jnb@ias.edu)
Vopros ob izmenenii fizicheskih konstant so vremenem rassmatrivaetsya uzhe ochen' davno. Luchshii sposob nablyudatel'noi proverki - issledovanie spektrov dalekih galaktik i kvazarov. V poslednie gody eta oblast' astrofiziki dovol'no aktivno razrabatyvaetsya, byli i soobsheniya o registracii effekta na nizkom urovne znachimosti (napomnim, chto u nas v strane etimi issledovaniyami dovol'no davno zanimaetsya gruppa Varshalovicha v S-Peterburge). Idet burnaya teoreticheskaya diskussiya po povodu togo, chto zhe mozhet izmenyat'sya: skorost' sveta, postoyannaya Planka, zaryad elektrona ili nekotoraya ih kombinaciya (vse eti raboty mozhno legko naiti v elektronnyh preprintah).
V stat'e avtory predlagayut ispol'zovat' dlya nablyudeniya effekta (ili ego otsutstviya) sil'nye nebulyarnye linii kisloroda. Primenyaya svoi podhod, oni poluchayut ochen' sil'nye ogranicheniya na izmeneniya postoyannoi tonkoi struktury. Krome original'noi chasti stat'ya soderzhit horoshee vvedenie s istoriei voprosa i vsemi neobhodimymi ssylkami. Rekomenduem prochest'.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu Bekenshteina "Fine-structure constant variability: surprises for laboratory atomic spectroscopy and cosmological evolution of quasar spectra" astro-ph/0301566. Obsuzhdenie etoi stat'i sm. na Forume.
Authors: A.Moretti et al.
Commets: 20 pages, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Rentgenovskii fon dolgoe vremya byl zagadkoi. Bylo neyasno, opredelyaetsya li on slabymi diskretnymi istochnikami, ili zhe osnovnoi vklad vnosit diffuznoe izluchenie (goryachii gaz). S zapuskom novyh sputnikov vesy kachnulis' v storonu diskretnyh istochnikov. Avtory stat'i ispol'zuyut dannye treh sputnikov (ROSAT, Chandra, XMM-Newton), chtoby opredelit' vklad diskretnyh istochnikov. On okazyvaetsya bolee 90 procentov.
Authors: Max Tegmark
Commets: 18 pages, 8 figs. A less technical adaptation is scheduled for the May 2003 issue of Scientific American. Version with full-resolution figs at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/multiverse.html
Journal-ref: In "Science and Ultimate Reality: From Quantum to Cosmos", honoring John Wheeler's 90th birthday. J. D. Barrow, P.C.W. Davies, & C.L. Harper eds. Cambridge University Press (2003)
Populyarnaya stat'ya na ochen' interesnuyu temu. Sovetuem prochest'!
Authors: Bahman Rabii
Commets: 124 pages main text; 16 pages frontmatter, 52 images in 44 figures. More information at http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/maxima/
Bol'shoe i podrobnoe opisanie ochen' udachnogo ballonnogo eksperimenta po izucheniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya.
Authors: C.L.Bennett, M.Halpern, D.N.Spergel amd many others.
Comments: One of 13 companion papers submitted to ApJ
- astro-ph/0302207
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: Predvaritel'nye karty i osnovnye rezul'taty (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Preliminary Maps and Basic Results)
- astro-ph/0302208
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: ne fonovoe izluchenie (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Foreground Emission)
- astro-ph/0302209
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: opredelenie kosmologicheskih parametrov (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters)
- astro-ph/0302213
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: temperatura i polyarizaciya (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) First Year Observations: TE Polarization)
- astro-ph/0302214
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: diagramma chuvstvitel'nosti i funkcii okna (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles and Window Functions)
- astro-ph/0302215
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: signal ot Galaktiki (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Galactic Signal Contamination from Sidelobe Pickup)
- astro-ph/0302217
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: uglovoi spektr moshnosti (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Angular Power Spectrum)
- astro-ph/0302218
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: metodologiya ocenki parametrov (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Parameter Estimation Methodology)
- astro-ph/0302220
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: interpretaciya pikov v uglovom spektre moshnosti temperatury (TT) i v korrelyacionnoi funkcii temperatura-polyarizaciya (TE) (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Interpretation of the TT and TE Angular Power Spectrum Peaks)
- astro-ph/0302222
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: metody obrabotki dannyh i ogranicheniya na sistematicheskie oshibki (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing Methods and Systematic Errors Limits)
- astro-ph/0302223
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: proverka Gaussovosti (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Tests of Gaussianity)
- astro-ph/0302224
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: harakteristiki radiometra na orbite (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: On-Orbit Radiometer Characterization)
- astro-ph/0302225
Pervyi god raboty WMAP: vyvody ob inflyacii (First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Inflation)
God raboty WMAP pozvolil izmerit' parametry reliktovogo izlucheniya na garmonikah 2<l<900 s nedostizhimoi ranee tochnost'yu. Eto pozvolyaet poluchit' samye tochnye iz sushestvovavshih ocenki kosmologicheskih parametrov: vozrast Vselennoi - T=13.7+/-0.2 Glet, postoyannaya Habbla - h=0.71+0.04/-0.03, z rekombinacii - z_rec=1089+/-1, polnaya plotnost' Vselennoi - Omega_tot=1.02+/-0.02, plotnost' veshestva - Omega_m h2=0.135+0.008-0.009, barionnaya plotnost' - Omega_b h2=0.0224+/-0.0009.
Bolee podrobnuyu informaciyu mozhno naiti po adresu http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/map/map_bibliography.html.
Authors: Martin Harwit and Marco Spaans
Commets: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal
Kak poyavilis' himicheskie elementy: kosmologicheskii nukleosintez i zvezdy Populyacii III.
Authors: J.M. Diego, J. Silk
Commets: 7 pages, 8 plots
Iz-za rasseyaniya fotonov reliktovogo izlucheniya na goryachem gaze koron skoplenii galaktik oni prevrashayutsya iz submillimetrovyh v rentgenovskie. Pri etom na rentgenovskoi karte neba poyavlyaetsya izbytok, a v tom zhe meste na mikrovolnovoinedostatok izlucheniya (snizhenie temperatury). Sravnenie etih kart mozhet skazat' kak sil'no effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha vliyaet na rezul'taty WMAP.
Authors: R. Salvaterra, A. Ferrara
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication on MNRAS
Kolichestvo geliya, sintezirovannogo na stadii pervichnogo nukleosinteza v rannei Vselennoi, mozhet byt' "zamaskirovano" vybrosom geliya ot zvezd pervogo Smotri takzhe astro-ph/0302316.
Authors: Zoltan Haiman (Columbia University), Gilbert P. Holder (IAS)
Commets: Submitted to ApJ, 10 emulateapj pages with figures included
astro-ph/0302404 Istoriya Reionizacii na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah II: ocenki opticheskoi tolshi otnositel'no Tomsonovskogo rasseyaniya po polyarizacii relikta (The Reionization History at High Redshifts II: Estimating the Optical Depth to Thomson Scattering from CMB Polarization)
Authors: Gilbert P. Holder et al.
Dannye WMAP ukazyvayut na dostatochno bol'shuyu opticheskuyu tolshu po Tomsonovskomu rasseyaniyu na elektrona ionizovannogo veshestva. Pervyi pik reionizacii, po-vidimomu, prihodilsya na z~15, vtoraya reionizaciya proizoshla pri z~6 i dlitsya do sih por (t.k. okruzhayushee nas mezhgalakticheskoe veshestvo ostaetsya ionizovannym). Za podrobnostyami - v stat'i.
Authors: M. Moniez (France)
Commets: 16 pages, 12 eps figures. Submitted to A&A
Zvezdy mercayut iz-za togo, chto ih svet prohodit cherez zemnuyu atmosferu. Pohozhii effekt proishodit s izlucheniem vnegalakticheskih istochnikov, kogda ono prohodit po veshestvu nashei Galaktiki. Rassmotreny vozmozhnye rezhimy scintillyacii vnegalakticheskih istochnikov, harakternye vremena peremennosti i metody ih registracii.
Authors: Sergei M. Kopeikin
Commets: 14 pages, 1 figure
Novyi otvet Kopeikina na vozrazheniya opponentov.
Authors: K. Shimasaku et al.
Commets: 4 pages, 4 figures, uses emulateapj5.sty, ApJL, accepted
Po nablyudeniyam ob'ektov, izluchayushih v laiman-al'fa (t.n. Lyman alpha
emitters - LAEs) obnaruzhena krupnomasshtabnaya struktura na z=4.86.
Obnaruzheno skuchivanie LAEs na masshtabah 20-50 Mpk. Etot masshtab sravnim s
sovremennym masshtabom krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (s uchetom dinamiki
vselennoi, estestvenno).
Authors: S. M. Faber
Commets: 8 pages, no figures. To appear as: Faber, S. M. 2003, in Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe, ed. W. L. Freedman (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)
Daetsya rezyume nablyudatel'noi chasti kosmologicheskoi konferencii. Rekomenduetsya kak korotkaya ponyatnaya svodka rezul'tatov.
Authors: Max Tegmark (Penn), Angelica de Oliveira-Costa (Penn), Andrew Hamilton (JILA)
Commets: The low-res images don't do justice to the WMAP data; high res version of paper availabe at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/wmap.html with cleaned map fits files
Avtory proveli nezavisimyi analiz kart WMAP. Ih vyvod - izluchenie Galaktiki iz etih kart vychteno pravil'no (t.e. oni dostatochno "chisty"), tak chto na nizshie mul'tipoli (kvadrupol' i oktupol') ne vozdeistvuet orientaciya ploskosti nashei Galaktiki. Interesno i neozhidanno, chto obe etih garmoniki obladayut ponizhennoi moshnost'yu vdol' odnogo i togo zhe napravleniya (l,b)~(-10,60) - k Virgo.
Authors: Robert R. Caldwell, Marc Kamionkowski, Nevin N. Weinberg
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, latex
Sovremennye kosmologicheskie nablyudatel'nye dannye ukazyvayut na uskorenie rasshireniya Vselennoi. Eto trebuet nalichiya "temnoi energii". Priroda temnoi energii ostaetsya neyasnoi (krome "obychnoi" kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi i t.n. "kvintessencii" mozhet realizovyvat'sya i ryad drugih variantov), a potomu vozmozhny vsyakie spekulyacii. Vot eshe odna iz nih. SMI napisali by: "Amerikanskie uchenye predskazyvayut, chto my razletimsya na kusochki".
Ideya
sostoit v tom, chto t.n. "temnaya energiya" yavlyaetsya t.n.
"prizrachnoi energiei",
u kotoroi summa davleniya i plotnosti energii otricatel'na
(sootvetstvuet uravneniyu sostoyaniya s w<-1, chto ne zakryto nablyudeniyami,
bolee togo, kak vidno iz risunkov v stat'e nailuchshii nabo parametrov
sootvetstvuet w poryadka -3/2).
Odnako, polozhitel'naya plotnost' "prizrachnoi energii" stanovitsya beskonechnoi
za konechnoe vremya. I v itoge my imeem "Big Rip" - "Bol'shoi Raskol".
T.e. vmesto prosto vechnogo rasshireniya v
uskoryayusheisya Vselennoi (kogda sohranyayutsya struktury tipa Mlechnnogo Puti,
Solnechnoi sistemy, nas s vami...)
my budem imet' superrasshirenie, i "poletyat klochki po
zakoulochkam".
Citiruem: "Za mesyac do konca Zemlya budet otorvana ot Solnca, za polchasa do
konca zemnoi shar razletitsya na kuski.... Molekuly a zatem i atomy budut
razorvany za 10-19 sekund do konca, zatem raspadutsya yadra i
nuklony..."
Stat'ya sovsem nebol'shaya, ponyatnaya i soderzhit vse vazhnye ssylki. Tak chto vsem rekomenduem prochest' i zadumat'sya :) Otmetim, chto v segodnyashnei stat'e ukazana vazhnaya svyaz' prizrachnoi energii s model'yu stacionarnoi Vselennoi Hoila-Bondi-Narlikara-...
Authors: M. Sazhin et al.
Commets: Accepted for publication in the Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Society
CSL-1 (Kapodimonte-Shternberg(GAISh)-kandidat na linzirovanie-No.1) - ob'ekt sostoyashii iz dvuh blizkih, sfericheskih i ochen' pohozhih drug na doruga galaktik. Eto mozhet byt' sluchainoi proekciei, real'noi dvoinoi galaktikoi ili (eto samyi interesnyi variant) rezul'tatom gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya na kosmicheskoi strune. Nuzhny dopolnitel'nye nablyudeniya.
Authors: S. Peng Oh, Asantha Cooray, Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech)
Commets: Submitted to MNRAS Pink Pages
Effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha - Ponizhenie yarkosti reliktovogo fona za schet togo, chto tast' ego fotonov perezhodit v zhestkuyu oblast' posle rasseyaniya na dostatochno plotnom oblake (ili galo) goryachih elektronov - mozhet proishodit' ne tol'ko v skopleniyah galaktik no i vokrug gipoteticheskih poka zvezd pervogo pokoleniya. Eto yavlenie mozhet porodit' fluktuacii reliktovogo izlucheniya na malyh uglovyh masshtabah.
Authors: Rachel S. Somerville and Mario Livio (STSci)
Commets: submitted to ApJL
Eshe odna teoreticheskaya ocenka zavisimosti tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya ot z. Na etot raz do z~20-30 - eto v svete rezul'tatov WMAP o reionizacii Vselennoi.
Authors: A. Cimatti (INAF - Arcetri)
Commets: 17 pages, invited review to appear in the proceedings of the JENAM 2002 Plenary Sessions - "The Unsolved Universe: Challenges for the Future"
Svoistva i, veroyatno, evolyuciya odinochnyh galaktik i galaktik vhodyashih v skopleniya otlichayutsya.
Authors: M. Bernardi
Commets: 12 pages, 5 figures. To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe", ed. W. L. Freedman
Poslednie gody v astrofizike otmecheny vazhnym novshestvom: razvitie komp'yuternyh tehnologii pozvolilo provodit' massirovannye avtomaticheskie obzory neba v raznyh diapazonah. Nekotorye iz takih proektov svyazany s kosmologicheskimi issledovaniyami.
Napomnim, chto s nablyudatel'noi tochki zreniya sovremennaya kosmologiya baziruetsya na: nablyudeniyah reliktovogo izlucheniya, nablyudeniyah razbeganiya galaktik, dannyh o pervichnom nukleosinteze, dannyh po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Prichem, v svyazi s vozmozhnost'yu dostatochno detal'nyh raschetov obrazovaniya struktury poslednii punkt stal gorazdo vazhnee, chem on byl 20-30 let nazad.
V stat'e daetsya obzor rezul'tatov Sloanovskogo obzora po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. S odnoi storony vse standartno: standartnaya ploskaya model' s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi prekrasno vse opisyvaet. S drugoi - eto ne prosto novyi vazhnyi kusok dannyh, eto eshe i ochen' krasivo.
Authors: S.L.Bridle, O.Lahav, J.P.Ostriker, P.J.Steinhardt
Commets: 2 pages, 2 figures. See online journal version
Dannye WMAP po nablyudeniyu anizotropii relikta vkupe s drugimi eksperimental'nymi dannymi povysili tochnost' opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov primerno v 2 raza. Dostatochno li etogo, chtoby proverit' klyuchevye komponenty standartnoi kosmologicheskoi modeli? Na dvuh stranicah avtory pokazyvayut, chto net.
Authors: Andrei Linde
Commets: 8 pages, 4 figs., extended version of the talk given at the conference COSMO-01, September 4, 2001, Rovaniemi, Finland
"Esli nel'zya, no ochen' hochetsya, to mozhno". Predstavlen klass modelei, gde plotnost' bol'she kriticheskoi. Avtor otmechaet, chto modeli maloprivlekatel'ny i trebuyut podgonki. T.o. predskazanie inflyacii o blizosti plotnosti k kriticheskoi ostaetsya v sile.
Authors: Prasenjit Saha (QMW London), Liliya L.R. Williams (U Minnesota)
Commets: 26 pages, incl. 15 figs; accepted to AJ; java applet available at http://ankh-morpork.maths.qmw.ac.uk/~saha/astron/lens/
Nablyudatel'nye harakteristiki kvazarov s neskol'kimi izobrazheniyami (iz-za gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya) obladayut celym ryadom model'no-nezavisimyh svoistv, kotorye mozhno vyvesti iz ochen' prostyh soobrazhenii. Eti ideyu illyustriruyutsya na celom ryade real'no nablyudaemyh sistem. Na saite avtora deistvuet java-applet.
Authors: James E. Taylor, Kavilan Moodley & J. M. Diego
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures; submitted to MNRAS
Samoe moshnoe proyavleniem effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha mozhet nablyudat'sya pochti u "nashego poroga" - na galo galaktiki M31. Zona ponizhennoi yarkosti reliktovogo fona budet imet' razmer poryadka 10 gradusov. Takoi bol'shoi razmer ne uproshaet, a zatrudnyaet ee obnaruzhenie.
Authors: Max Pettini
Commets: Lectures given at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, osmochemistry: The Melting Pot of Elements'. To be published by Cambridge University Press; 42 pages, 33 figures
Bol'shoi material, gde v "pedagogicheskoi" forme izlozheny sovremennye dannye po nablyudeniyu obiliya elementov ot nashim okrestnostei do bol'shih krasnyh smeshenii. Konechno zhe, opisyvaetsya i teoretieskoe ponimanie etoi problemy.
Authors: Philippe Brax, Carsten van de Bruck
Commets: 37 pages; invited topical review for Classical and Quantum Gravity; to appear
Bol'shoi obzor s polutorasotnei ssylok. Bez formul v etom dele ne oboitis', no beglyi prosmotr pokazyvaet, chto mozhno prorvat'sya!
Authors: Pisin Chen
Chernye dyry mogut isparyat'sya ne do konca, a ostavlyat' posle sebya chasticu subplankovskoi massy (~10-5 g). Takoi vyvod vytekaet iz ryada teorii, avtory stat'i privodyat dlya nego svoi osnovaniya. S drugoi storony, nekotorye teorii rannei Vselennoi (naprimer, modeli gibridnoi inflyacii) predskazyvayut rozhdenie mnogochislennyh pervichnyh chernyh dyr. Avtor utverzhdaet, chto nedoisparivshiesya ostatki etih chernyh dyr mogut i byt' temnoi materiei.
[Prim. Perevodchika: Seichas massa temnoi materii sostavlyaet okolo 30% ot polnoi massy Vselennoi. Dlya vypolneniya etogo usloviya chernye dyry dolzhny byli s samogo nachala rozhdat'sya s malymi massami.]
Authors: Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt
Commets: In Supernovae & Gamma Ray Bursts, K. Weiler, Ed., Springer, Lecture Notes in Physics (in press), 24 pages, 7 figs
Dovol'no polnoe izlozhenie togo, kak po sverhnovym opredelyayut kosmologicheskie
parametry. Razbirayutsya (kratko) vse vozmozhnye istochniki neopredelennostei.
Mnogo (bolee 100) ssylok.
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology a Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...."
-"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!"
-"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii
krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki
vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o
bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty
vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni
kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary....
kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82.
Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet.
Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.
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