The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Chernye dyry
Author: Laura Ferrarese
Daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v issledovanii sverhmassivnyh chernyh
dyr. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya dannym, poluchennym na Kosmichekom teleskope.
Authors: Abhas Mitra
Comments: Accepted for publication in Foundation of Physics Letters
Avtor izvesten kak "potyasatel' svyashennyh korov". Stat'ya bolee chem spornaya, chem i interesna. Vokrug nedavnih rezul'tatov uzhe nachalas' burnaya diskussiya.
Rassmatrivaetsya process obrazovaniya chernyh dyr pri kollapse massivnyh zvezd.
Pri etom avtor poluchaet bolee chem neozhidannye rezul'taty....
Hotelos' by uvidet' kommentarii specialistov.
Author: Jong-Hak Woo, C. Megan Urry
Comments: 43 pages with 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Kak vy dumaete, skol'ko sushestvuet horoshih ocenok mass dlya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr? 117! V stat'e avtory analiziruyut dannye po vsem etim ob'ektam. Dopolnitel'no privodyatsya 200 ocenok mass chernyh dyr, poluchennye po svoistvam baldzhei galaktik (sushestvuet dovol'no horoshee sootvetstvie mezhdu massoi dyry i massoi baldzha).
Avtory prihodyat k vyvodu, o tom, chto mnogie korrelyacii ne tak uzh i horoshi. Naprimer, net korrelyacii mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i svetimost'yu galaktiki.
Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Wlodek Kluzniak, Jean-Pierre Lasota
Comments: 4 pages, no figures, submitted to A&A Letters
Pochemu do sih por nikto ne poluchil Nobelevskuyu premiyu za otkrytie chernoi dyry? Oin iz vozmozhnyh variantov otveta takov: nikto ne dokazal sushestvovanie gorizonta u kakogo-libo iz t.n. "kandidatov chernye dyry". Kak mozhno dokazat' nalichie gorizonta? Avtory stat'i schitayut, chto nikak!
Authors: F. Combes
Comments: 27 pages, 10 figures, review article in 7th cosmology colloquium, High Energy Astrophysics, for and from Space, Paris, 11-15 Juin 2002 N. Sanchez and H. de Vega, Editors
Obsuzhdayutsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry: kak ih sdelat', chem ih "kormit'" i chto pri etom proishodit.
Authors: Scott A. Hughes, Roger D. Blandford
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ApJLetters
V astrofizike sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr est' eshe ochen' mnogo voprosov. Neizvestno kak oni obrazuyutsya, kak evolyucioniruyut. Odna iz vozmozhnostei rosta chernyh dyr - sliyaniya galaktik, v centrah kotoryh uzhe est' chernye dyry. Avtory issleduyut kak pri etom izmenyaetsya vrashenie chernyh dyr. Okazyvaetsya, chto v srednem chernye dyry posle sliyanii zamedlyayutsya. Dlya uskoreniya vrasheniya nuzhno sochetanie dovol'no redkih parametrov. Nablyudeniya zhe ukazyvayut, chto mnogie sverhmassivnye chernye dyry dovol'no bystro vrashayutsya. Esli eto deistvitel'no tak, to eto mozhet nakladyvat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na rol' sliyanii v roste massy chernyh dyr v centrah galaktik.
Authors: Daniel E. Holz, John A. Wheeler
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures. ApJ in press
Chto budet, esli posvetit' na chernuyu dyru? Budet mnogo interesnogo. V chastnosti, chast' luchei vernetsya obratno. Mozhno li eto nablyudat'? Avtory rassmatrivayut neskol'ko situacii (Solnce i blizka chernaya dyra i dr.). K sozhaleniyu, perspektivy obnaruzhit' takoe "svetovoe eho" neveliki, no sama stat'ya dovol'no interesna.
Authors: Stuart L. Shapiro, Masaru Shibata
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal, October 1, 2002
Rassmatrivaetsya kollaps sverhmassivnoi zvezdy v sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Pokazano, chto parametry, poluchennye nedavno v rezul'tate chislennyh raschetov, mogut takzhe byt' polucheny analiticheski.
Authors: Karl Gebhardt, R. Michael Rich, Luis Ho
Comments: 4 pages, accepted in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, October 2002
Chernye dyry byvayut raznymi: zvezdnyh mass (obrazuyutsya iz zvezd), sverhmassivnye (obrazuyutsya v centrah galaktik), pervichnye (ochen' malen'kie massy, kak u asteroida, obrazuyutsya v rannei Vselennoi). Poslednee vremya poyavilis' ukazaniya na sushestvovanie chernyh dyr s massami poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Otkryto mnogo t.n. sverhyarkih istochnikov, svetimost' kotoryh sootvetstvuet eddingtonovskomu predelu dlya ob'ekta s massoi poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Odnako, mnogie schitayut, chto tut vse mozhet byt' prosto. Svetimost' ocenivayut v predpolozhenii izotropnogo izlucheniya. Esli zhe est' strui, to real'naya svetimost' na poryadki nizhe, i problemy net.
V stat'e opisyvaetsya izmerenie massy chernoi dyry v sharovom skoplenii G1 (Mayall II). Ono nahoditsya v Tumannosti Andromedy. Po dispersii skorostei zvezd uchenye ocenili massu dyry. Eto ne sovsem pryamoe izmerenie (luchshe bylo by poluchit' individual'nye skorosti zvezd na ochen' malom rasstoyanii ot yadra), odnako reshul'tat vyglyadit dovol'no nadezhnym. Vozmozhno, G1 eto ne obychnoe skoplenie, a yadro galaktiki, pogloshennoi Tumannost'yu Andromedy. Po sootnosheniyu massa dyry - dispersiya 1 popadaet na odnu pryamuyu so mnogimi galaktikami.
Krome etogo, po nablyudeniyam na Kosmicheskom teleskope otkryta chernaya dyra s massoi 4 103 mass Solnca v sharovom skoplenii M15 (astro-ph/0209314, astro-ph/0209315).
Authors: Reva Kay Williams
Comments: 29 pages, including 6 eps figures, AASTeX, to appear in ApJ
Avtor chislenno i analiticheski issleduet
. Pokazano, chto v real'nyh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyrah
i chernyh dyrah zvezdnyh mass
sushestvenno bolee vazhnym okazyvayutsya imenno gravitacionnye effekty, a
effekty, svyazannye s magnitnymi polyami (polem diska, naprimer), menee vazhny.
Raschety sravnivayutsya s nablyudeniyami kvazarov, lacertid i galakticheskih
istochnikov.
astro-ph/0210545
Vnutrennosti chernyh dyr i ih astrofizika
(The Interior of Black Holes and their Astrophysics)
Authors: Yulia Artemova, Igor Novikov
Commets: 17 pages
Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya klassika sovetskoi i mirovoi kosmologii Igorya Dmitrievicha Novika i ego sotrudnicy.
Chto mozhno skazat' ob oblasti vnutri chernoi dyry? Samoe vazhnoe - to, chto pod gorizontom chernoi dyry radial'naya koordinata stanovitsya vremenem (i poetomu padenie v centr chernoi dyry nevozmozhno ostanovit'), a vremya priobretaet svoistva prostranstvennoi koordinaty. Vnutri chernoi dyry est' osobaya oblast' (ili tochka), gde krivizna prostranstva-vremeni stanovitsya beskonechnoi. Ona nazyvaetsya singulyarnost'yu. Kolossal'nye prilivnye gravitacionnye silya vblizi singulyarnosti menyayut fizicheskie zakony. Prostranstvo i vremya tam na tol'ko sil'no iskrivlyayutsya, no i "rassheplyayutsya" na kvanty.
V stat'e, takzhe, zadany neskol'ko voprosov:
- Mozhno li uvidet', chto proishodit vnutri chernoi dyry?
- Mozhet li padayushii v chernuyu dyru nablyudatel' peresech' singulyarnost' tak, chtoby ne byt' unichtozhennym prilivnymi silami?
- Mozhet li vnutri chernoi dyry zarodit'sya novaya Vselennaya?
V stat'e takzhe dan kratkii obzor astrofizicheskih svoistv chernyh dyr.
Authors: S.S. Komissarov
Comments: To appear in The Proceedings of The Third Sakharov Conference on Physics, Moscow, 2002
Avtor detal'no rassmatrivaet mehanizm B-Z. Eto ochen' vazhnyi process dlya fiziki aktivnyh yader galaktik (a takzhe, vozmozhno, gamma-vspleskov i mikrokvazarov).
Authors: Chris Done, Marek Gierlinski
Comments: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Dokazat', chto my vidim imenno chernuyu dyru ochen' i ochen' neprosto. Osobenno v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme, gde osnovnaya dolya izlucheniya prihodit ot akkrecionnogo diska. Samye raznye avtory v techenie dolgogo vremeni pytayutsya naiti svoistva, po kotorym mozhno bylo by s uverennost'yu skazat' vidim li my akkreciruyushuyu chernuyu dyru, ili eto vse-taki neitronnaya zvezda.
Esli imet' vvidu ochen' vysokii uroven' dostovernosti, to sdelat' eto nevozmozhno. Po toi prostoi prichine, chto v svoih poiskah avtory iznachal'no polagayut, chto takie-to istochniki yavlyayutsya chernymi dyrami, a takie-to neitronnymi zvezdami. A posle ishut zakonomernosti, kotorye potom prilagayut k novym istochnikam. S drugoi storony yasno, chto svoistva dolzhny byt' razlichnymi, tak chto vsya eta nauka nenaprasna. V dannoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut evolyuciyu spektrov ob'ektov. Otmechu, chto v stat'e voobshe net formul (tochnee net vydelennyh formul, v tekste-to prostye sootnosheniya vstrechayutsya). Issledovanie provoditsya na bol'shom fatkicheskom materiale. Tak chto chitat' interesno. Avtory polagayut, chto oni nashli sposob "otobrat' chernuyu fasol' ot beloi". No na samom dele, ih rezul'taty pozvolyayut prosto po spektram bez opredeleniya fuekcii mass skazat', chto takoi-to ob'ekt yavlyaetsya kandidatom v chernye dyry. Eto tozhe vazhno, no budem zhdat' bolee pryamyh dokazatel'stv.
Authors: V.S. Beskin, A.D. Tchekhovskoy
Commets: 9 pages, 1 figure, uses sc3conf.sty, to appear in Proc. Third Sakharov Conference on Physics, A.Semikhatov et al. (eds.), Scientific World, Moscow (2003)
Otechestvennaya rabota - iz FIANa (doklad na etu temu budet sdelan v konce dekabrya v Moskve na konferencii HEA-2002). Horosho izvestnyi fakt, chto na rasstoyanii 3Rg ot Shvarcshil'dovskoi chernoi dyry dvizhenie probnoi chasticy po krugovoi orbite stanovitsya neustoichivym i ona padaet na chernuyu dyru. S chasticami v akkrecionnom diske, vnutrennii krai kotorogo dohodit do poslednei ustoichivoi orbity, proishodit tozhe samoe - oni padayut vnutr'. No kak pri etom vedet sebya vertikal'naya struktura diska vnutri etoi granicy? Otvet, poluchennyi avtorami pokazan na risunke. Granica ustoichivogo diska raspolozhena sleva, chernaya dyra - sprava.
Authors: I.F. Mirabel et al
Commets: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 5 pages, 2 color figures. Color figure and animation can be found at http://www.iafe.uba.ar/astronomia/mirabel/mirabel.html or ftp://ftp.cea.fr/incoming/y2k01/mirabel
Eto ta samaya stat'ya o toi samoi chernoi dyre, kotoraya porodila sensaciyu na etoi nedele. O nei uzhe mnogo i po-raznomu napisano: astronet, rambler, cnews. Dannaya sistema yavlyaetsya tesnoi dvoinoi soderzhashei chernuyu dyru. Osnovnoi rezul'tat, poluchennyi v stat'e, - izmerena prostranstvennaya skorost' sistemy i postroena traektoriya ee dvizheniya v Galaktike. Eta skorost' (okolo 100 km/s otnositel'no blizkih k nei zvezd) dostatochno velika, a galakticheskaya orbita imeet zametnyi ekscentrisitet. Oba etih faktora ukazyvayut na to, chto pri rozhdenii chernaya priobrela dopolnitel'nuyu skorost' (etot effekt eshe nazyvayut otdacha ili kik). Eto pervaya chernaya dyra s yavnymi priznakami anizotropii vspyshki sverhnovoi i imenno eto avtory stat'i schitayut samym vazhnym svoim vyvodom.
Authors: Linqing Wen (Caltech)
Commets: 33 pages, including 10 figures and 1 table, submitted to ApJ
Ierarhicheskie troinye sistemy (v kotoryh dva tela obrashayutsya drug vokrug druga na nebol'shom rasstoyanii, a tret'e vokrug nih - na sushestvenno bol'shem) sostoyashie iz chernyh dyr mogut obrazovyvat'sya v sharovyh skopleniyah pri stolknoveniyah dvoinyh chernyh dyr. kakova ih dal'neishaya sud'ba? Sushestvennuyu rol' v nei igraet effekt Kozai - periodicheskie izmenenie ekscentrisitetov vnutrennei i vneshnei orbit komponentov ierarhicheskoi troinoi. Takoe izmenenie orbit vkupe s izlucheniem gravitacionnyh voln privodit k sliyaniyu vnutrennei pary chernyh dyr v sisteme. Na moi vzglyad eto (opisanie effekta Kozai i ego sledstvie) samoe interesnoe v stat'e.
Nu a dal'she idut ocenki mozhno li budet zaregistrirovat' takie chernye dyry na planiruemyh gravitacionnyh detektorah (chto menee interesno).
Authors: P.L.Biermann et al
Commets: 17 pages, 10 figures
Kakie mehanizmy vyzyvayut aktivnost' chernyh dyr (BH) i kak ona mozhet proyavlyat'sya? Avtory obrashayut vnimanie, chto bol'shaya chast' elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya BH ishodit ili svyazana s dzhetami. Vtoroe, na chto oni obrashayut vnimanie - utverzhdenie, chto sliyanie galaktik privodit k sliyaniyu ih central'nyh BH. Snachala oni sblizhayutsya iz-za dinamicheskogo reniya "o zvezdy", na poslednem etape vstupayut v deistvie sily gravitacii i tut ochen' vazhnym okazyvaetsya orientaciya momentov vrasheniya BH. Ocenivaetsya effektivnost' etih processov, kak istochnikov gravitacionnyh voln. Obzor horosho illyustrirovan.
Authors: J. Stuart B. Wyithe and Abraham Loeb
Commets: 28 pages 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
Sliyanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr, kotorye nablyudayutsya v centrah galaktik (pri sliyanie galaktik, po-vidimomu, slivayutsya i ih central'nye chernye dyry), mozhet nablyudat'sya s ochen' bol'shih rasstoyanii (do z~3-10). I nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot nih mozhno budet obnaruzhit' na kosmicheskom interferometre LISA (zapusk v 2013 g.) i pri vysokotochnom nablyudenii momentov prihodov impul'sov ot radiopul'sarov.
Authors: R. G. Daghigh and J. I. Kapusta
Commets: 13 pages, 4 figures
Chernye dyry isparyayutsya (process Hokinga). Po mere umen'sheniya massy chernoi dyry potok izlucheniya ot nee i ego temperatura rastut. Mikroskopicheskie dyry uzhe mogut ispuskat' ne tol'ko fotony, no i chasticy obladayushie nenulevoi massoi pokoya. Takim obrazom ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr ottekaet potok ochen' goryachego veshestva. Eto veshestvo izluchaet neitrino. Krome togo neitrino ispuskayutsya samoi chernoi dyroi. Spektr neitrinnogo izlucheniya v diapazone energii ot 1 GeV do plankovskoi energii dlya poslednih neskol'kih chasov sushestvovaniya mikroskopicheskoi chernoi dyry rasschitany v dannoi rabote.
Authors: W.N. Brandt et al.
Commets: 10 pages; in New X-ray Results from Clusters of Galaxies and Black Holes (Oct 2002; Houston, TX), eds. C. Done, E.M. Puchnarewicz, M.J. Ward, Advances in Space Research, submitted; list of z > 4 X-ray detections available from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/papers/papers.html
Daetsya obzor rentgenovskih nablyudenii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (z > 4).
Authors: Daniel E. Holz and Scott A. Hughes (KITP, UCSB)
Commets: 4 pages, 4 figures
Okazyvaetsya slivayushiesya dvoinye chernye dyry mozhno ispol'zovat' kak standartnye svechi - istochniki gravitacionnyh voln s tochno izvestnoi svetimost'yu. Nablyudaya za izmeneniem amplitudy i chastoty signala my mozhem opredelit' vse parametry etoi sistemy i vychislit' krasnoe smeshenie i rasstoyanie do nee s tochnost'yu 1%! (Tol'ko, po-moemu, etot fakt byl dostatochno davno izvesten.)
Authors: G. Boudoul & A. Barrau
Commets: Proceedings of the International Conference on Theoretical Physics (TH2002), to appear in Annales Henri Poincare
Malen'kie chernye dyry obrazuyutsya na rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi, esli perepady plotnosti togda byli dostatochno veliki. V etoi stat'e priveden obzor poslednih dostizhenii v etoi oblasti. Rassmotreny voprosy poiska takih chernyh dyr (cherez kosmicheskie i gamma-luchi), ispol'zovaniya pervichnyh chernyh dyr dlya izucheniya Vselennoi na ochen' malyh kosmologicheskih shkalah (v ochen' rannem vozraste). V konce rassmotreny nekotorye effekty "novoi fiziki" - vliyanie vysshih izmerenii na obrazovanie pervichnyh chernyh dyr.
Authors: Milos Milosavljevic, David Merritt
Commets: 8 pages, invited contribution to the Proceedings of the 4th LISA Symposium, State College, PA, July 2002
Esli dve galaktiki s chernymi dyrami v centrah slivayutsya, to cherez nekotoroe vremya obe chernyh dyry okazyvayutsya v centre (minimume gravitacionnogo potenciala) obrazovavsheisya galaktiki, gde obrazuyut dvoinuyu sistemu. Gravitacionnyi volny ot takoi dvoinoi mogut byt' zaregistrirovany kosmicheskim detektorom LISA. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena processam, kotorye budut proishodit' v takoi sisteme, kogda rasstoyanie mezhdu chernymi dyrami stanet men'she parseka.
Authors: A. Goldwurm
Commets: 9 pages, including 8 figures, submitted 15 July 2002, to appear in the proceedings of the XXII Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Gamma-Ray Universe" (March 9-16, 2002, Les Arcs, France), eds. A. Goldwurm, D. Neumann, and J. Tran Thanh Van, World Publisher (The Gioi), Hanoi (Vietnam)
Daetsya obzor nablyudenii chernyh dyr v dvoinyh sistemah s pomosh'yu sputnikov SIGMA/GRANAT, Compton-GRO, Beppo-SAX i Rossi-XTE. Obsuzhdaetsya, chto smogut uvidet' ot etih ob'ektov takie proekty kak INTEGRAL, SWIFT, AGILE i GLAST.
Authors: S. Golenetskii et al.
Commets: 25 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Opisyvayutsya nablyudeniya gigantskih vspleskov v diapazone 15 - 300 keV ot istochnika, ch'ya oblast' lokalizacii sovpadaet v predelah oshibok s istochnikom Cygnus X-1. Vspyshki nablyudalis' s 1995 po 2002 gg. na razlichnyh kosmicheskih apparatah, vhodyashih v planetarnuyu set' (interplanetary network).
Authors: R.I. Hynes (Texas), D. Steeghs (CfA), J. Casares (IAC), P.A. Charles (Southampton), K. O'Brien (ESO)
Commets: 12 pages; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Pohozhe poyavilsya eshe odin kandidat v chernye dyry. Funkciya mass kompaktnogo ob'ekta (t.e. nizhnyaya granica ego massy) prevyshaet 2.0Mo (znachimost' 95%), a po luchshim dannym poluchennym za odin orbital'nyi oborot (okolo 1.7 dnya) -- 5.8+/-0.5Mo.
Authors: Keith Horne
Commets: To appear in: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Future EUV, UV, and Visible Space Astrophysics Missions and Instrumentation, 22-28 Aug 2002, Waikoloa, HI, SPIE Proc 4856
Keit Horn (Keith Horne) yavlyaetsya izvestnym specialistom po tomografii akkrecionnyh diskov. Takoi vid issledovaniya vozmozhen, naprimer, v zatmennyh dvoinyh sistemah. V etoi stat'e rech' idet ob issledovanie akkrecionnyh potokov v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik, gde vtorogo ob'ekta net! Zdes' tehnologiya sovsem drugaya. Issleduetsya "eho" - pereizluchennyi svet. Izmeryayutsya vremennye zaderzhki, doplerovskii sdvig i t.d. Poka metodika nahoditsya v stadii stanovleniya. Avtor nadeetsya, chto v skorom budushem ona pomozhet uznat' mnogo novogo o processah v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik.
Authors: David Merritt
Commets: 10 pages, 4 figures
Na strukturu raspredeleniya zvezd vblizi centra galaktiki ochen' sil'no vliyaet Raspolozhennaya v centre chernaya dyra. Avtor delaet vyvod, chto v yadrah galaktik S absolyutnoi vidimoi velichinoi Mv>-20 ob'yasnyayutsya odinochnymi chernymi dyrami, a v bolee yarkih - chernye dyre dvoinye.
Authors: Roeland P. van der Marel
Commets: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 2003, submitted (invited review)
Kak my uzhe neodnokratno pisali, v poslednee vremya poyavilis' nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass (v promezhutke mezhdu "zvezdnymi" i sverhmassivnymi - t.e. poryadka tysyach-desyatkov tysyach mass Solnca). V stat'e daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v etoi oblasti.
Sm. takzhe "Evidence for an intermediate mass black hole and a multi-zone warm absorber in NGC 4395" astro-ph/0302108.
Authors: Philip Kaaret et al.
Commets: 8 pages, one color figure. appeared in Science 299: 365-367 (January 17, 2003)
Napomnim, chto ul'tramoshnymi (Ultraluminous) istochnikami nazyvayut sistemy, svetimost' kotoryh (v predpolozhenii eddingtonovskogo predela i izotropnogo izlucheniya) sootvetstvuet chernoi dyre s massoi bolee 100 mass Solnca. Esli izluchenie i vpryam' izotropno, to togda eto argument v pol'zu chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass. Odnako, vozmozhno, chto my smotrim "v zherlo vulkana", t.e. chto est' dzhet, napravlennyi na nas. Togda polnaya svetimost' budet konechno zhe men'she, i vse mozhno ob'yasnit' obychnymi "zvezdnymi" chernymi dyrami.
V etoi populyarnoi stat'e avtory rasskazyvayut o svoem otkrytii radioizlucheniya ot odnogo iz ul'ramoshnyh istochnikov. Eto yavlyaetsya ser'eznym argumentom v pol'zu dzheta. Odnako, konechno dzhet mozhet porozhdat'sya i chernoi dyroi promezhutochnoi massy....
Po dzhetam ot chernyh dyr sm. stat'yu "Jets in Supermassive and Stellar-Mass Black Holes" astro-ph/0302195.
O nablyudeniyah Chandry sm. "A Study of Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources from the Chandra Archive of Galaxies" astro-ph/0302203.
Authors: R.J. McLure
Commets: 8 pages, 4 figures, To appear in "Radio galaxies: past, present & future". eds. M. Jarvis et al., Leiden, Nov 2002
Rassmatrivayutsya korrelyacii mezhdu parametrami chernoi dyry i hozyaiskoi galaktiki. Opisyvayutsya novye dostizheniya v izmerenii mass chernyh dyr.
Sm. takzhe "The Black Hole Masses of High-Redshift Quasars" astro-ph/0302457.
Authors: Monica Colpi et al.
Commets: To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Izmerenie radial'nogo uskoreniya 5 millisekundnyh pul'sarov v NGC 6752 pozvolyaet opredelit' raspolozhenie chernoi dyry v etom sharovom skoplenii. Bolee vnimatel'noe izuchenie etih dannyh mozhet pozvolit' nam otlichit' odinochnaya ili dvoinaya chernaya dyry prisutstvuet v dannom skoplenii.
Authors: Eduardo Gueron and Patricio S. Letelier
Commets: revtex, 15 eps figures
Kak pary i troiki prityagivayushihsya chastic budut dvigat'sya vokrug Shvarcshil'dovskoi chernoi dyry? Chem eto dvizhenie otlichaetsya ot N'yutonovskogo sluchaya? Kak eto poschitat' prosto, no s nebol'shoi oshibkoi? Na eti tri voprosa dannaya stat'ya daet otvet.
Authors: Domenico Giulini
Commets: 31 pages, 7 eps-figures
Avtor utverzhdaet, chto stat'ya "prostaya" i dazhe "polupedagogicheskaya". Ostalos' nazvat' temu - blizkie prolety i sliyaniya chernyh dyr.
Authors: Jeremy S. Heyl
Commets: 7 pages
Est' li na samom dele chernye dyry ili zhe vse-taki mozhno pridumat' kakie-to konfiguracii, kotorye dlya nas byli by neotlichimy ot chernyh dyr? Eto ne pustoi vopros. Po etomu povodu byla podrobnaya stat'ya Abramovicha i dr. astro-ph/0207270 s "govoryashim" nazvaniem "No observational proof of the black-hole event-horizon".
Heil v svoei stat'e pokazyvaet, chto fakt akkrecii nakladyvaet dopolnitel'nye sil'nye ogranicheniya na uhishreniya "ostavit' mir bez chernyh dyr". V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o krasnom smeshenii, sootvetstvuyushem poverhnosti takih staticheskih konfiguracii. Ono okazyvaetsya vpolne nablyudaemym, osobenno dlya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Koli my ego ne vidim, to stalo byt' vse-taki dyry est' (po-krainei mere sverhmassivnye).
Authors: Henry E. Kandrup et al. Bohn
Commets: 16 pages plus 15 figures
Dvoinaya sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra mozhet zdorovo "peremeshat'" zvezdy v galaktike. Kakie stadii est' u etogo processa? Kakova zona vliyaniya dvoinoi chernoi dyry? Kakie nablyudayushiesya fenomeny mozhno ob'yasnit' v ramkah etoi modeli? Vot osnovnye temy dannogo obzora.
Authors: Steinn Sigurdsson
Commets: 16 pages. See V obzore rassmatrivayutsya voprosy izmeneniya nevozmushennogo polya skorostei besstolknovitel'nyh zvezd pod deistviem central'noi sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry galaktiki i skorost' ee rosta za schet zahvata zvezd polya.
miniobzor astro-ph/0303348 Massivnye chernye dyry na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Massive Black Holes at High Redshifts)
Authors: Mark Lacy
Commets: 10 pages, in, "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Dlya teh, kto lyubit sledit' za poslednimi dannymi - novyi obzor po sverhmassivnym chernym dyram. Privodyatsya nekotorye novye dannye, formuliruyutsya imeyushiesya problemy...
Authors: Pisin Chen
Chernye dyry mogut isparyat'sya ne do konca, a ostavlyat' posle sebya chasticu subplankovskoi massy (~10-5 g). Takoi vyvod vytekaet iz ryada teorii, avtory stat'i privodyat dlya nego svoi osnovaniya. S drugoi storony, nekotorye teorii rannei Vselennoi (naprimer, modeli gibridnoi inflyacii) predskazyvayut rozhdenie mnogochislennyh pervichnyh chernyh dyr. Avtor utverzhdaet, chto nedoisparivshiesya ostatki etih chernyh dyr mogut i byt' temnoi materiei.
[Prim. Perevodchika: Seichas massa temnoi materii sostavlyaet okolo 30% ot polnoi massy Vselennoi. Dlya vypolneniya etogo usloviya chernye dyry dolzhny byli s samogo nachala rozhdat'sya s malymi massami.]
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages
Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
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