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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Chernye dyry

obzor! astro-ph/0207050 Supermassive Black Hole Research in the Post-HST Era
Author: Laura Ferrarese

Daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v issledovanii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya dannym, poluchennym na Kosmichekom teleskope.

astro-ph/0207056 On the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse
Authors: Abhas Mitra
Comments: Accepted for publication in Foundation of Physics Letters

Avtor izvesten kak "potyasatel' svyashennyh korov". Stat'ya bolee chem spornaya, chem i interesna. Vokrug nedavnih rezul'tatov uzhe nachalas' burnaya diskussiya.

Rassmatrivaetsya process obrazovaniya chernyh dyr pri kollapse massivnyh zvezd. Pri etom avtor poluchaet bolee chem neozhidannye rezul'taty.... Hotelos' by uvidet' kommentarii specialistov.

astro-ph/0207249 AGN Black Hole Masses and Bolometric Luminosities
Author: Jong-Hak Woo, C. Megan Urry
Comments: 43 pages with 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Kak vy dumaete, skol'ko sushestvuet horoshih ocenok mass dlya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr? 117! V stat'e avtory analiziruyut dannye po vsem etim ob'ektam. Dopolnitel'no privodyatsya 200 ocenok mass chernyh dyr, poluchennye po svoistvam baldzhei galaktik (sushestvuet dovol'no horoshee sootvetstvie mezhdu massoi dyry i massoi baldzha).

Avtory prihodyat k vyvodu, o tom, chto mnogie korrelyacii ne tak uzh i horoshi. Naprimer, net korrelyacii mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i svetimost'yu galaktiki.


astro-ph/0207270 No observational proof of the black-hole event-horizon
Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Wlodek Kluzniak, Jean-Pierre Lasota
Comments: 4 pages, no figures, submitted to A&A Letters

Pochemu do sih por nikto ne poluchil Nobelevskuyu premiyu za otkrytie chernoi dyry? Oin iz vozmozhnyh variantov otveta takov: nikto ne dokazal sushestvovanie gorizonta u kakogo-libo iz t.n. "kandidatov chernye dyry". Kak mozhno dokazat' nalichie gorizonta? Avtory stat'i schitayut, chto nikak!


obzor! astro-ph/0208113 Formation and Evolution of Galactic Black Holes
Authors: F. Combes
Comments: 27 pages, 10 figures, review article in 7th cosmology colloquium, High Energy Astrophysics, for and from Space, Paris, 11-15 Juin 2002 N. Sanchez and H. de Vega, Editors

Obsuzhdayutsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry: kak ih sdelat', chem ih "kormit'" i chto pri etom proishodit.


astro-ph/0208484 Black hole mass and spin coevolution by mergers
Authors: Scott A. Hughes, Roger D. Blandford
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to ApJLetters

V astrofizike sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr est' eshe ochen' mnogo voprosov. Neizvestno kak oni obrazuyutsya, kak evolyucioniruyut. Odna iz vozmozhnostei rosta chernyh dyr - sliyaniya galaktik, v centrah kotoryh uzhe est' chernye dyry. Avtory issleduyut kak pri etom izmenyaetsya vrashenie chernyh dyr. Okazyvaetsya, chto v srednem chernye dyry posle sliyanii zamedlyayutsya. Dlya uskoreniya vrasheniya nuzhno sochetanie dovol'no redkih parametrov. Nablyudeniya zhe ukazyvayut, chto mnogie sverhmassivnye chernye dyry dovol'no bystro vrashayutsya. Esli eto deistvitel'no tak, to eto mozhet nakladyvat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na rol' sliyanii v roste massy chernyh dyr v centrah galaktik.


astro-ph/0209039 Retro-MACHOs: Pi in the sky?
Authors: Daniel E. Holz, John A. Wheeler
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures. ApJ in press

Chto budet, esli posvetit' na chernuyu dyru? Budet mnogo interesnogo. V chastnosti, chast' luchei vernetsya obratno. Mozhno li eto nablyudat'? Avtory rassmatrivayut neskol'ko situacii (Solnce i blizka chernaya dyra i dr.). K sozhaleniyu, perspektivy obnaruzhit' takoe "svetovoe eho" neveliki, no sama stat'ya dovol'no interesna.


astro-ph/0209251 Collapse of a Rotating Supermassive Star to a Supermassive Black Hole: Analytic Determination of the Black Hole Mass and Spin
Authors: Stuart L. Shapiro, Masaru Shibata
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal, October 1, 2002

Rassmatrivaetsya kollaps sverhmassivnoi zvezdy v sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Pokazano, chto parametry, poluchennye nedavno v rezul'tate chislennyh raschetov, mogut takzhe byt' polucheny analiticheski.


sensaciya? astro-ph/0209313 A 20 Thousand Solar Mass Black Hole in the Stellar Cluster G1
Authors: Karl Gebhardt, R. Michael Rich, Luis Ho
Comments: 4 pages, accepted in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, October 2002

Chernye dyry byvayut raznymi: zvezdnyh mass (obrazuyutsya iz zvezd), sverhmassivnye (obrazuyutsya v centrah galaktik), pervichnye (ochen' malen'kie massy, kak u asteroida, obrazuyutsya v rannei Vselennoi). Poslednee vremya poyavilis' ukazaniya na sushestvovanie chernyh dyr s massami poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Otkryto mnogo t.n. sverhyarkih istochnikov, svetimost' kotoryh sootvetstvuet eddingtonovskomu predelu dlya ob'ekta s massoi poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Odnako, mnogie schitayut, chto tut vse mozhet byt' prosto. Svetimost' ocenivayut v predpolozhenii izotropnogo izlucheniya. Esli zhe est' strui, to real'naya svetimost' na poryadki nizhe, i problemy net.

V stat'e opisyvaetsya izmerenie massy chernoi dyry v sharovom skoplenii G1 (Mayall II). Ono nahoditsya v Tumannosti Andromedy. Po dispersii skorostei zvezd uchenye ocenili massu dyry. Eto ne sovsem pryamoe izmerenie (luchshe bylo by poluchit' individual'nye skorosti zvezd na ochen' malom rasstoyanii ot yadra), odnako reshul'tat vyglyadit dovol'no nadezhnym. Vozmozhno, G1 eto ne obychnoe skoplenie, a yadro galaktiki, pogloshennoi Tumannost'yu Andromedy. Po sootnosheniyu massa dyry - dispersiya 1 popadaet na odnu pryamuyu so mnogimi galaktikami.

Krome etogo, po nablyudeniyam na Kosmicheskom teleskope otkryta chernaya dyra s massoi 4 103 mass Solnca v sharovom skoplenii M15 (astro-ph/0209314, astro-ph/0209315).



astro-ph/0210139 New Energy Source Controlled by Gravity Alone?
Authors: Reva Kay Williams
Comments: 29 pages, including 6 eps figures, AASTeX, to appear in ApJ

Avtor chislenno i analiticheski issleduet . Pokazano, chto v real'nyh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyrah i chernyh dyrah zvezdnyh mass sushestvenno bolee vazhnym okazyvayutsya imenno gravitacionnye effekty, a effekty, svyazannye s magnitnymi polyami (polem diska, naprimer), menee vazhny. Raschety sravnivayutsya s nablyudeniyami kvazarov, lacertid i galakticheskih istochnikov.
astro-ph/0210545 Vnutrennosti chernyh dyr i ih astrofizika (The Interior of Black Holes and their Astrophysics)
Authors: Yulia Artemova, Igor Novikov
Commets: 17 pages

Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya klassika sovetskoi i mirovoi kosmologii Igorya Dmitrievicha Novika i ego sotrudnicy.

Chto mozhno skazat' ob oblasti vnutri chernoi dyry? Samoe vazhnoe - to, chto pod gorizontom chernoi dyry radial'naya koordinata stanovitsya vremenem (i poetomu padenie v centr chernoi dyry nevozmozhno ostanovit'), a vremya priobretaet svoistva prostranstvennoi koordinaty. Vnutri chernoi dyry est' osobaya oblast' (ili tochka), gde krivizna prostranstva-vremeni stanovitsya beskonechnoi. Ona nazyvaetsya singulyarnost'yu. Kolossal'nye prilivnye gravitacionnye silya vblizi singulyarnosti menyayut fizicheskie zakony. Prostranstvo i vremya tam na tol'ko sil'no iskrivlyayutsya, no i "rassheplyayutsya" na kvanty.

V stat'e, takzhe, zadany neskol'ko voprosov:

  • Mozhno li uvidet', chto proishodit vnutri chernoi dyry?
  • Mozhet li padayushii v chernuyu dyru nablyudatel' peresech' singulyarnost' tak, chtoby ne byt' unichtozhennym prilivnymi silami?
  • Mozhet li vnutri chernoi dyry zarodit'sya novaya Vselennaya?
Otvet na vse eti tri voprosa, veroyatno, utverditel'nyi.

V stat'e takzhe dan kratkii obzor astrofizicheskih svoistv chernyh dyr.


astro-ph/0211141 O prirode mehanizma Blendforda-Znaeka (On the nature of the Blandford-Znajek mechanism)
Authors: S.S. Komissarov
Comments: To appear in The Proceedings of The Third Sakharov Conference on Physics, Moscow, 2002

Avtor detal'no rassmatrivaet mehanizm B-Z. Eto ochen' vazhnyi process dlya fiziki aktivnyh yader galaktik (a takzhe, vozmozhno, gamma-vspleskov i mikrokvazarov).


astro-ph/0211206 Nablyudeniya effektov ot gorizonta sobytii u chernyh dyr (Observing the effects of the event horizon in black holes)
Authors: Chris Done, Marek Gierlinski
Comments: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Dokazat', chto my vidim imenno chernuyu dyru ochen' i ochen' neprosto. Osobenno v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme, gde osnovnaya dolya izlucheniya prihodit ot akkrecionnogo diska. Samye raznye avtory v techenie dolgogo vremeni pytayutsya naiti svoistva, po kotorym mozhno bylo by s uverennost'yu skazat' vidim li my akkreciruyushuyu chernuyu dyru, ili eto vse-taki neitronnaya zvezda.

Esli imet' vvidu ochen' vysokii uroven' dostovernosti, to sdelat' eto nevozmozhno. Po toi prostoi prichine, chto v svoih poiskah avtory iznachal'no polagayut, chto takie-to istochniki yavlyayutsya chernymi dyrami, a takie-to neitronnymi zvezdami. A posle ishut zakonomernosti, kotorye potom prilagayut k novym istochnikam. S drugoi storony yasno, chto svoistva dolzhny byt' razlichnymi, tak chto vsya eta nauka nenaprasna. V dannoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut evolyuciyu spektrov ob'ektov. Otmechu, chto v stat'e voobshe net formul (tochnee net vydelennyh formul, v tekste-to prostye sootnosheniya vstrechayutsya). Issledovanie provoditsya na bol'shom fatkicheskom materiale. Tak chto chitat' interesno. Avtory polagayut, chto oni nashli sposob "otobrat' chernuyu fasol' ot beloi". No na samom dele, ih rezul'taty pozvolyayut prosto po spektram bez opredeleniya fuekcii mass skazat', chto takoi-to ob'ekt yavlyaetsya kandidatom v chernye dyry. Eto tozhe vazhno, no budem zhdat' bolee pryamyh dokazatel'stv.


astro-ph/0211260 Vnutrennyaya struktura tonkogo transzvukovogo diska (Internal structure of a thin transonic disk)
Authors: V.S. Beskin, A.D. Tchekhovskoy
Commets: 9 pages, 1 figure, uses sc3conf.sty, to appear in Proc. Third Sakharov Conference on Physics, A.Semikhatov et al. (eds.), Scientific World, Moscow (2003)

Otechestvennaya rabota - iz FIANa (doklad na etu temu budet sdelan v konce dekabrya v Moskve na konferencii HEA-2002). Horosho izvestnyi fakt, chto na rasstoyanii 3Rg ot Shvarcshil'dovskoi chernoi dyry dvizhenie probnoi chasticy po krugovoi orbite stanovitsya neustoichivym i ona padaet na chernuyu dyru. S chasticami v akkrecionnom diske, vnutrennii krai kotorogo dohodit do poslednei ustoichivoi orbity, proishodit tozhe samoe - oni padayut vnutr'. No kak pri etom vedet sebya vertikal'naya struktura diska vnutri etoi granicy? Otvet, poluchennyi avtorami pokazan na risunke. Granica ustoichivogo diska raspolozhena sleva, chernaya dyra - sprava.


astro-ph/0211445 Ubegayushaya chernaya dyra GRO J1655-40 (The runaway black hole GRO J1655-40)
Authors: I.F. Mirabel et al
Commets: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 5 pages, 2 color figures. Color figure and animation can be found at http://www.iafe.uba.ar/astronomia/mirabel/mirabel.html or ftp://ftp.cea.fr/incoming/y2k01/mirabel

Eto ta samaya stat'ya o toi samoi chernoi dyre, kotoraya porodila sensaciyu na etoi nedele. O nei uzhe mnogo i po-raznomu napisano: astronet, rambler, cnews. Dannaya sistema yavlyaetsya tesnoi dvoinoi soderzhashei chernuyu dyru. Osnovnoi rezul'tat, poluchennyi v stat'e, - izmerena prostranstvennaya skorost' sistemy i postroena traektoriya ee dvizheniya v Galaktike. Eta skorost' (okolo 100 km/s otnositel'no blizkih k nei zvezd) dostatochno velika, a galakticheskaya orbita imeet zametnyi ekscentrisitet. Oba etih faktora ukazyvayut na to, chto pri rozhdenii chernaya priobrela dopolnitel'nuyu skorost' (etot effekt eshe nazyvayut otdacha ili kik). Eto pervaya chernaya dyra s yavnymi priznakami anizotropii vspyshki sverhnovoi i imenno eto avtory stat'i schitayut samym vazhnym svoim vyvodom.


astro-ph/0211492 O raspredelenii ekscentrisitetov slivayushihsya dvoinyh chernyh dyr v sharovyh skopleniyah porozhdaemom effektom Kozai (On the Eccentricity Distribution of Coalescing Black Hole Binaries Driven by the Kozai Mechanism in Globular Clusters)
Authors: Linqing Wen (Caltech)
Commets: 33 pages, including 10 figures and 1 table, submitted to ApJ

Ierarhicheskie troinye sistemy (v kotoryh dva tela obrashayutsya drug vokrug druga na nebol'shom rasstoyanii, a tret'e vokrug nih - na sushestvenno bol'shem) sostoyashie iz chernyh dyr mogut obrazovyvat'sya v sharovyh skopleniyah pri stolknoveniyah dvoinyh chernyh dyr. kakova ih dal'neishaya sud'ba? Sushestvennuyu rol' v nei igraet effekt Kozai - periodicheskie izmenenie ekscentrisitetov vnutrennei i vneshnei orbit komponentov ierarhicheskoi troinoi. Takoe izmenenie orbit vkupe s izlucheniem gravitacionnyh voln privodit k sliyaniyu vnutrennei pary chernyh dyr v sisteme. Na moi vzglyad eto (opisanie effekta Kozai i ego sledstvie) samoe interesnoe v stat'e.

Nu a dal'she idut ocenki mozhno li budet zaregistrirovat' takie chernye dyry na planiruemyh gravitacionnyh detektorah (chto menee interesno).


miniobzor astro-ph/0211503 Odinochnye i dvoinye chernye dyry i ih aktivnoe okruzhenie (Single and binary Black Holes and their active environment)
Authors: P.L.Biermann et al
Commets: 17 pages, 10 figures

Kakie mehanizmy vyzyvayut aktivnost' chernyh dyr (BH) i kak ona mozhet proyavlyat'sya? Avtory obrashayut vnimanie, chto bol'shaya chast' elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya BH ishodit ili svyazana s dzhetami. Vtoroe, na chto oni obrashayut vnimanie - utverzhdenie, chto sliyanie galaktik privodit k sliyaniyu ih central'nyh BH. Snachala oni sblizhayutsya iz-za dinamicheskogo reniya "o zvezdy", na poslednem etape vstupayut v deistvie sily gravitacii i tut ochen' vazhnym okazyvaetsya orientaciya momentov vrasheniya BH. Ocenivaetsya effektivnost' etih processov, kak istochnikov gravitacionnyh voln. Obzor horosho illyustrirovan.


astro-ph/0211556 Nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot massivnyh dvoinyh chernyh dyr: predskazaniya dlya LISA i Setei pul'sarnogo taiminga (Low-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Binaries: Predictions for LISA and Pulsar Timing Arrays)
Authors: J. Stuart B. Wyithe and Abraham Loeb
Commets: 28 pages 7 figures, submitted to ApJ

Sliyanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr, kotorye nablyudayutsya v centrah galaktik (pri sliyanie galaktik, po-vidimomu, slivayutsya i ih central'nye chernye dyry), mozhet nablyudat'sya s ochen' bol'shih rasstoyanii (do z~3-10). I nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot nih mozhno budet obnaruzhit' na kosmicheskom interferometre LISA (zapusk v 2013 g.) i pri vysokotochnom nablyudenii momentov prihodov impul'sov ot radiopul'sarov.


astro-ph/0211579 Vysokotemperaturnoe veshestvo i spektr neitrino ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr (High Temperature Matter and Neutrino Spectra from Microscopic Black Holes)
Authors: R. G. Daghigh and J. I. Kapusta
Commets: 13 pages, 4 figures

Chernye dyry isparyayutsya (process Hokinga). Po mere umen'sheniya massy chernoi dyry potok izlucheniya ot nee i ego temperatura rastut. Mikroskopicheskie dyry uzhe mogut ispuskat' ne tol'ko fotony, no i chasticy obladayushie nenulevoi massoi pokoya. Takim obrazom ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr ottekaet potok ochen' goryachego veshestva. Eto veshestvo izluchaet neitrino. Krome togo neitrino ispuskayutsya samoi chernoi dyroi. Spektr neitrinnogo izlucheniya v diapazone energii ot 1 GeV do plankovskoi energii dlya poslednih neskol'kih chasov sushestvovaniya mikroskopicheskoi chernoi dyry rasschitany v dannoi rabote.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212082 Rentgenovskoe izluchenie ot pervyh massivnyh chernyh dyr (X-rays from the First Massive Black Holes)
Authors: W.N. Brandt et al.
Commets: 10 pages; in New X-ray Results from Clusters of Galaxies and Black Holes (Oct 2002; Houston, TX), eds. C. Done, E.M. Puchnarewicz, M.J. Ward, Advances in Space Research, submitted; list of z > 4 X-ray detections available from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/papers/papers.html

Daetsya obzor rentgenovskih nablyudenii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (z > 4).


astro-ph/0212218 Standartnaya gravitacionno-volnovaya svecha (Gravitational-wave standard candles)
Authors: Daniel E. Holz and Scott A. Hughes (KITP, UCSB)
Commets: 4 pages, 4 figures

Okazyvaetsya slivayushiesya dvoinye chernye dyry mozhno ispol'zovat' kak standartnye svechi - istochniki gravitacionnyh voln s tochno izvestnoi svetimost'yu. Nablyudaya za izmeneniem amplitudy i chastoty signala my mozhem opredelit' vse parametry etoi sistemy i vychislit' krasnoe smeshenie i rasstoyanie do nee s tochnost'yu 1%! (Tol'ko, po-moemu, etot fakt byl dostatochno davno izvesten.)


obzor astro-ph/0212225 Nekotorye aspekty fiziki pervichnyh chernyh dyr (Some aspects of primordial black hole physics)
Authors: G. Boudoul & A. Barrau
Commets: Proceedings of the International Conference on Theoretical Physics (TH2002), to appear in Annales Henri Poincare

Malen'kie chernye dyry obrazuyutsya na rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi, esli perepady plotnosti togda byli dostatochno veliki. V etoi stat'e priveden obzor poslednih dostizhenii v etoi oblasti. Rassmotreny voprosy poiska takih chernyh dyr (cherez kosmicheskie i gamma-luchi), ispol'zovaniya pervichnyh chernyh dyr dlya izucheniya Vselennoi na ochen' malyh kosmologicheskih shkalah (v ochen' rannem vozraste). V konce rassmotreny nekotorye effekty "novoi fiziki" - vliyanie vysshih izmerenii na obrazovanie pervichnyh chernyh dyr.


astro-ph/0212270 Problema poslednego parseka (The final parsec problem)
Authors: Milos Milosavljevic, David Merritt
Commets: 8 pages, invited contribution to the Proceedings of the 4th LISA Symposium, State College, PA, July 2002

Esli dve galaktiki s chernymi dyrami v centrah slivayutsya, to cherez nekotoroe vremya obe chernyh dyry okazyvayutsya v centre (minimume gravitacionnogo potenciala) obrazovavsheisya galaktiki, gde obrazuyut dvoinuyu sistemu. Gravitacionnyi volny ot takoi dvoinoi mogut byt' zaregistrirovany kosmicheskim detektorom LISA. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena processam, kotorye budut proishodit' v takoi sisteme, kogda rasstoyanie mezhdu chernymi dyrami stanet men'she parseka.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212502 Zhestkoe izluchenie ot galakticheskih dvoinyh s chernymi dyrami (High Energy Emission from Galactic Black Hole Systems)
Authors: A. Goldwurm
Commets: 9 pages, including 8 figures, submitted 15 July 2002, to appear in the proceedings of the XXII Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Gamma-Ray Universe" (March 9-16, 2002, Les Arcs, France), eds. A. Goldwurm, D. Neumann, and J. Tran Thanh Van, World Publisher (The Gioi), Hanoi (Vietnam)

Daetsya obzor nablyudenii chernyh dyr v dvoinyh sistemah s pomosh'yu sputnikov SIGMA/GRANAT, Compton-GRO, Beppo-SAX i Rossi-XTE. Obsuzhdaetsya, chto smogut uvidet' ot etih ob'ektov takie proekty kak INTEGRAL, SWIFT, AGILE i GLAST.


astro-ph/0212507 Nablyudeniya gigantskih vspleskov ot Cygnus X-1 (Observations of giant outbursts from Cygnus X-1)
Authors: S. Golenetskii et al.
Commets: 25 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

Opisyvayutsya nablyudeniya gigantskih vspleskov v diapazone 15 - 300 keV ot istochnika, ch'ya oblast' lokalizacii sovpadaet v predelah oshibok s istochnikom Cygnus X-1. Vspyshki nablyudalis' s 1995 po 2002 gg. na razlichnyh kosmicheskih apparatah, vhodyashih v planetarnuyu set' (interplanetary network).


astro-ph/0301127 Dinamicheskie ukazaniya na chernuyu dyru v GX339-4 (Dynamical Evidence for a Black Hole in GX339-4)
Authors: R.I. Hynes (Texas), D. Steeghs (CfA), J. Casares (IAC), P.A. Charles (Southampton), K. O'Brien (ESO)
Commets: 12 pages; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

Pohozhe poyavilsya eshe odin kandidat v chernye dyry. Funkciya mass kompaktnogo ob'ekta (t.e. nizhnyaya granica ego massy) prevyshaet 2.0Mo (znachimost' 95%), a po luchshim dannym poluchennym za odin orbital'nyi oborot (okolo 1.7 dnya) -- 5.8+/-0.5Mo.


astro-ph/0301250 Tomografiya akkrecionnyh potokov vblizi chernyh dyr (Echo Tomography of Black Hole Accretion Flows)
Authors: Keith Horne
Commets: To appear in: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Future EUV, UV, and Visible Space Astrophysics Missions and Instrumentation, 22-28 Aug 2002, Waikoloa, HI, SPIE Proc 4856

Keit Horn (Keith Horne) yavlyaetsya izvestnym specialistom po tomografii akkrecionnyh diskov. Takoi vid issledovaniya vozmozhen, naprimer, v zatmennyh dvoinyh sistemah. V etoi stat'e rech' idet ob issledovanie akkrecionnyh potokov v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik, gde vtorogo ob'ekta net! Zdes' tehnologiya sovsem drugaya. Issleduetsya "eho" - pereizluchennyi svet. Izmeryayutsya vremennye zaderzhki, doplerovskii sdvig i t.d. Poka metodika nahoditsya v stadii stanovleniya. Avtor nadeetsya, chto v skorom budushem ona pomozhet uznat' mnogo novogo o processah v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik.


astro-ph/0301257 Odinochnye i dvoinye chernye dyry i ih vliyanie na strukturu yader (Single and Binary Black Holes and their Influence on Nuclear Structure)
Authors: David Merritt
Commets: 10 pages, 4 figures

Na strukturu raspredeleniya zvezd vblizi centra galaktiki ochen' sil'no vliyaet Raspolozhennaya v centre chernaya dyra. Avtor delaet vyvod, chto v yadrah galaktik S absolyutnoi vidimoi velichinoi Mv>-20 ob'yasnyayutsya odinochnymi chernymi dyrami, a v bolee yarkih - chernye dyre dvoinye.


miniobzor astro-ph/0302101 Chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass vo Vselennoi? - Obzor teorii obrazovaniya i nablyudatel'nyh ogranichenii (Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the Universe? - A Review of Formation Theories and Observational Constraints)
Authors: Roeland P. van der Marel
Commets: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figures. Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 2003, submitted (invited review)

Kak my uzhe neodnokratno pisali, v poslednee vremya poyavilis' nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass (v promezhutke mezhdu "zvezdnymi" i sverhmassivnymi - t.e. poryadka tysyach-desyatkov tysyach mass Solnca). V stat'e daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v etoi oblasti.

Sm. takzhe "Evidence for an intermediate mass black hole and a multi-zone warm absorber in NGC 4395" astro-ph/0302108.


astro-ph/0302182 Radioizluchenie ot ul'tramoshnyh rentgenovskih istochnikov (Radio Emission from an Ultraluminous X-Ray Source)
Authors: Philip Kaaret et al.
Commets: 8 pages, one color figure. appeared in Science 299: 365-367 (January 17, 2003)

Napomnim, chto ul'tramoshnymi (Ultraluminous) istochnikami nazyvayut sistemy, svetimost' kotoryh (v predpolozhenii eddingtonovskogo predela i izotropnogo izlucheniya) sootvetstvuet chernoi dyre s massoi bolee 100 mass Solnca. Esli izluchenie i vpryam' izotropno, to togda eto argument v pol'zu chernyh dyr promezhutochnyh mass. Odnako, vozmozhno, chto my smotrim "v zherlo vulkana", t.e. chto est' dzhet, napravlennyi na nas. Togda polnaya svetimost' budet konechno zhe men'she, i vse mozhno ob'yasnit' obychnymi "zvezdnymi" chernymi dyrami.

V etoi populyarnoi stat'e avtory rasskazyvayut o svoem otkrytii radioizlucheniya ot odnogo iz ul'ramoshnyh istochnikov. Eto yavlyaetsya ser'eznym argumentom v pol'zu dzheta. Odnako, konechno dzhet mozhet porozhdat'sya i chernoi dyroi promezhutochnoi massy....

Po dzhetam ot chernyh dyr sm. stat'yu "Jets in Supermassive and Stellar-Mass Black Holes" astro-ph/0302195.

O nablyudeniyah Chandry sm. "A Study of Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources from the Chandra Archive of Galaxies" astro-ph/0302203.


miniobzor astro-ph/0302455 Sverhmassivnye chernye dyry v "radiogromkih" AYaG (Supermassive black holes in radio-loud AGN)
Authors: R.J. McLure
Commets: 8 pages, 4 figures, To appear in "Radio galaxies: past, present & future". eds. M. Jarvis et al., Leiden, Nov 2002

Rassmatrivayutsya korrelyacii mezhdu parametrami chernoi dyry i hozyaiskoi galaktiki. Opisyvayutsya novye dostizheniya v izmerenii mass chernyh dyr.

Sm. takzhe "The Black Hole Masses of High-Redshift Quasars" astro-ph/0302457.


astro-ph/0302545 Kakuyu chernuyu dyru soderzhit NGC 6752 - odinochnuyu ili dvoinuyu? (Is NGC 6752 Hosting a Single or a Binary Black Hole?)
Authors: Monica Colpi et al.
Commets: To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)

Izmerenie radial'nogo uskoreniya 5 millisekundnyh pul'sarov v NGC 6752 pozvolyaet opredelit' raspolozhenie chernoi dyry v etom sharovom skoplenii. Bolee vnimatel'noe izuchenie etih dannyh mozhet pozvolit' nam otlichit' odinochnaya ili dvoinaya chernaya dyry prisutstvuet v dannom skoplenii.


astro-ph/0302578 Vzaimodeistvuyushie geodezicheskie: dvoinye sistemy vokrug chernyh dyr (Interacting Geodesics: Binary Systems around a Black Hole)
Authors: Eduardo Gueron and Patricio S. Letelier
Commets: revtex, 15 eps figures

Kak pary i troiki prityagivayushihsya chastic budut dvigat'sya vokrug Shvarcshil'dovskoi chernoi dyry? Chem eto dvizhenie otlichaetsya ot N'yutonovskogo sluchaya? Kak eto poschitat' prosto, no s nebol'shoi oshibkoi? Na eti tri voprosa dannaya stat'ya daet otvet.


gr-qc/0302111 Blizkie prolety chernyh dyr (Close encounters of black holes)
Authors: Domenico Giulini
Commets: 31 pages, 7 eps-figures

Avtor utverzhdaet, chto stat'ya "prostaya" i dazhe "polupedagogicheskaya". Ostalos' nazvat' temu - blizkie prolety i sliyaniya chernyh dyr.


astro-ph/0303003 Akkreciya ogranichivaet kompaktnost' statichnyh zvezd (Accretion limits the compactness of static stars)
Authors: Jeremy S. Heyl
Commets: 7 pages

Est' li na samom dele chernye dyry ili zhe vse-taki mozhno pridumat' kakie-to konfiguracii, kotorye dlya nas byli by neotlichimy ot chernyh dyr? Eto ne pustoi vopros. Po etomu povodu byla podrobnaya stat'ya Abramovicha i dr. astro-ph/0207270 s "govoryashim" nazvaniem "No observational proof of the black-hole event-horizon".

Heil v svoei stat'e pokazyvaet, chto fakt akkrecii nakladyvaet dopolnitel'nye sil'nye ogranicheniya na uhishreniya "ostavit' mir bez chernyh dyr". V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o krasnom smeshenii, sootvetstvuyushem poverhnosti takih staticheskih konfiguracii. Ono okazyvaetsya vpolne nablyudaemym, osobenno dlya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Koli my ego ne vidim, to stalo byt' vse-taki dyry est' (po-krainei mere sverhmassivnye).


miniobzor astro-ph/0303173 Dvoinye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry kak galakticheskie meshalki (Supermassive Black Hole Binaries as Galactic Blenders)
Authors: Henry E. Kandrup et al. Bohn
Commets: 16 pages plus 15 figures

Dvoinaya sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra mozhet zdorovo "peremeshat'" zvezdy v galaktike. Kakie stadii est' u etogo processa? Kakova zona vliyaniya dvoinoi chernoi dyry? Kakie nablyudayushiesya fenomeny mozhno ob'yasnit' v ramkah etoi modeli? Vot osnovnye temy dannogo obzora.


obzor astro-ph/0303311 Adiabaticheskii rost sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Adiabatic Growth of Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Steinn Sigurdsson
Commets: 16 pages. See V obzore rassmatrivayutsya voprosy izmeneniya nevozmushennogo polya skorostei besstolknovitel'nyh zvezd pod deistviem central'noi sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry galaktiki i skorost' ee rosta za schet zahvata zvezd polya.
miniobzor astro-ph/0303348 Massivnye chernye dyry na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Massive Black Holes at High Redshifts)
Authors: Mark Lacy
Commets: 10 pages, in, "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)

Dlya teh, kto lyubit sledit' za poslednimi dannymi - novyi obzor po sverhmassivnym chernym dyram. Privodyatsya nekotorye novye dannye, formuliruyutsya imeyushiesya problemy...


astro-ph/0303349 Mozhet li temnaya materiya byt' na samom dele chernoi? (Might Dark Matter be Actually Black?)
Authors: Pisin Chen

Chernye dyry mogut isparyat'sya ne do konca, a ostavlyat' posle sebya chasticu subplankovskoi massy (~10-5 g). Takoi vyvod vytekaet iz ryada teorii, avtory stat'i privodyat dlya nego svoi osnovaniya. S drugoi storony, nekotorye teorii rannei Vselennoi (naprimer, modeli gibridnoi inflyacii) predskazyvayut rozhdenie mnogochislennyh pervichnyh chernyh dyr. Avtor utverzhdaet, chto nedoisparivshiesya ostatki etih chernyh dyr mogut i byt' temnoi materiei.

[Prim. Perevodchika: Seichas massa temnoi materii sostavlyaet okolo 30% ot polnoi massy Vselennoi. Dlya vypolneniya etogo usloviya chernye dyry dolzhny byli s samogo nachala rozhdat'sya s malymi massami.]

astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages

Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.

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