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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary

astro-ph/0207003 RXTE Observations of 3C273 between 1996 and 2000:Variability Timescale and Jet Power
Authors: Jun Kataoka et al.
Comments: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

"... a takzhe hlebnee kvazara."
Kvazar, kak mnogo v etom zvuke.... (c)

Po-prezhnemu kvazary i drugie aktivnye yadra galaktik privlekayut bol'shoi interes nablyudatelei i teoretikov.

Gruppa yaponskih astronomov predstavlyaet rezul'taty dlitel'nogo monitoringa samogo blizkogo i izvestnogo kvazara 3C273. Polnoe vremya ekspozicii na sputnike RXTE sostavilo 845 kilosekund.

Avtory obsuzhdayut peremennost' kvazara, a takzhe ego spektral'nye harakteristiki.

astro-ph/0207044 The Formation of a Realistic Disk Galaxy in Lambda Dominated Cosmologies
Authors: F. Governato et al.
Comments: submitted to ApJL. Images and movies at http://hpcc.astro.washington.edu/faculty/fabio/galform.html

Vpervye provedeno modelirovanie obrazovaniya realistichnoi galaktiki, ch'ya struktura opredelyaetsya diskom. Izucheny svoistva obrazovavshegosya ob'ekta vplot' do nashego vremeni.

Model' vklyuchaet v sebya ohlazhdenie, zvezdoobrazovanie, vspyshki sverhnovyh i UF fon. Disk pri obrazovanii okazyvaetsya holodnym (v dinamicheskom smysle), no zatem "nagrevaetsya" za schet neustoichivostei (bar instabilities).

obzor! astro-ph/0207050 Supermassive Black Hole Research in the Post-HST Era
Author: Laura Ferrarese

Daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v issledovanii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya dannym, poluchennym na Kosmichekom teleskope.


astro-ph/0207085 ROSAT Blank Field Sources I: Sample Selection and Archival Data
Authors: Ilaria Cagnoni et al.
Comments: 23 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ main journal

Sputnik ROSAT zakonchil svoyu rabotu, odnako v ego arhivah hranit'sya mnogo informacii.

Avtory stat'i obsuzhdayut vydelennye imi neotozhdestvlennye istochniki. Eti ob'ekty harakterizuyutsya ochen' vysokim otnosheniem rentgenovskoi svetimosti k opticheskoi. Takimi harakteristikami mogut obladat' ili aktivnye yadra galaktik (v pervuyu ochered' lacertidy), ili odinochnye neitronnye zvezdy (i, vozmozhno, chernye dyry). V stat'e podrobno obsuzhdayutsya eti vozmozhnosti.

obzor! astro-ph/0207148 Evolution of the X-ray Properties of Clusters of Galaxies
Author: J. Patrick Henry
Comments: 16 pages, 11 figures, invited review at the conference Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies

Seichas blagodarya sputnikovym nablyudeniyam v rentgenovskom diapazone my imeem bol'shoe kolichestvo informacii o skopleniyah galaktik. V obzore rassmatrivaetsya evolyuciya svetimosti skoplenii galaktik v rentgenovskom diapazone, a takzhe evolyuciya temperatury gaza v skoplenii (sm. takzhe segodnyashnyuyu stat'yu W. Forman et al. "Galaxy Clusters with Chandra" astro-ph/0207165).



astro-ph/0207184 Discovery of Spectral Variability of Markarian 421 at TeV Energies
Author: F. Krennrich et al.
Comments: 24 pages, 3 figures, submitted May 20 2002, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Otkryta spektral'naya peremennost' gamma-blazara Mrk 421 v TeVnom diapazone. Nablyudeniya provodilis' na 10-metrovom teleskope observatorii Whipple.

Etot istochnik sil'no peremenen (faktor 30). Spektr izuchalsya v diapazone ot 380 GeV do 8.2 TeV. Spektry horosho opisyvayutsya stepennym zakonom s eksponencial'nym zavalom. Polozhenie zavala ne menyalos', zato izmenyalsya spektral'nyi indeks ot 1.89 do 2.72. Est' korrelyaciya mezhdu izmeneniyami spektra i svetimosti.


astro-ph/0207405 Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies: QSOs in Formation?
Authors: L.J. Tacconi et al.
Comments: accepted to be published in ApJ, 7 figures

ULIRGs - ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Kak pravilo eto slivayushiesya galaktiki. S nimi svyazano mnogo vsyakih interesnyh yavlenii (k primeru, byli raboty, gde klastery kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii otozhdestvlyali s takimi galaktikami (Giller et al. 2002)).

V stat'e avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty novyh nablyudenii. Teper' est' horoshie dannye po 18 ULIRGs. Prichem vosem' iz nih soderzhat aktivnye yadra, kotorye avtory nazyvayut "kvazaropodobnymi" (poluchaetsya smeshnaya tavtologiya: kvazar eto ved' zvezdopodobnyi ob'ekt). V svyazi s etim Tacconi i dr. obsuzhdayut vopros: ne yavlyayutsya li ULIRGs predshestvennikami kvazarov? Otvet daetsya otricatel'nyi. ULIRGs ne mogut prevratit'sya v opticheski yarkie kvazary. Skoree vsego oni predshestvenniki bolee menee obychnyh ellipticheskih galaktik, kotorye, odnako, mogut proyavlyat' aktivnost' v rentgenovskom diapazone.


astro-ph/0207450 On the Mass of M31
Authors: S.T. Gottesman, J.H. Hunter Jr., and V. Boonyasait
Comments: To appear in MNRAS, 10 pages with 6 figures

Kto sil'nee slon ili kit? Chto massivnee nasha Galaktika ili Tumannost' Andromedy?

Dolgoe vremya schitalos', chto M31 massivnee. Odnako, v poslednie neskol'ko let nachali poyavlyat'sya raboty, gde eto osparivaetsya. Vot i avtory govoryat ob otsutstvii u nashei sosedki massivnogo galo, chto oznachaet, chto Mlechnyi Put' vse-taki tyazhelee.



astro-ph/0207469 MOND rotation curves for spiral galaxies with Cepheid-based distances
Authors: Roelof Bottema et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in astronomy and astrophysics 9 pages, 9 figures

Issleduyutsya krivye vrasheniya chetyreh galaktik, rasstoyaniya do kotoryh izvestny po nablyudeniyam cefeid. Dlya dvuh galaktik krivye, rasschitannye po modificirovannoi dinamike, sovpadayut s nablyudaemymi, esli brat' cefeidnoe rasstoyanie. Dlya tret'ei trebuetsya uvelichenie rasstoyaniya, dlya chetvertoi - umen'shenie. Odnako, rashozhdeniya ne veliki (poryadka tochnosti opredeleniya rasstoyaniya), poetomu nikakogo okonchatel'nogo vyvoda sdelat' ne udaetsya.



astro-ph/0207656 Impact of AGNs on the Surrounding Medium
Authors: Mitchell C. Begelman
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures. Appeared in Gas & Galaxy Evolution, ASP Conference Series Vol. 240, 2001, p. 363. Referred to in astro-ph/0207471 Journal-ref: Begelman, M. C., in Gas & Galaxy Evolution, ASP Conference Series Vol. 240, J.E. Hibbard, M.P. Rupen and J.H. van Gorkom, eds. (San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pacific, 2001), p. 363

Obsuzhdaetsya vopros v kakoi stepeni aktivnye yadra galaktik vliyayut na sredu v skoplenii. Avotr demonstriruet, chto effekt ot dzhetov mozhet byt' ochen' sushestvennym.

Takzhe v tot zhe den' poyavilas' stat'ya Basson i Alexander (astro-ph/0207668), posvyashennaya trehmernomu modelirovaniyu vliyaniya radiogalaktik na sredu skoplenii galaktik.


astro-ph/0207664 Stable clustering, the halo model and nonlinear cosmological power spectra
Authors: R.E. Smith et al. (The Virgo Consortium)
Comments: 24 Latex Pages. Submitted for publication in MNRAS

Lyubitelyam komp'yuternogo modelirovaniya. Proekt Virgo (Velikobritaniya) predstavlyaet svoi novye rezul'taty po N-body vychisleniyam. Na ih saite http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/Virgo mozhno naiti bol'sheo kolichestvo sootvetstvuyushih materialov (sm. takzhe http://as1.chem.nottingham.ac.uk/~res/software.html).


astro-ph/0208017 An Unexpectedly High AGN Fraction in Red Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Paul Martini et al.
Comments: ApJL Accepted, 12 pages including 3 embedded ps figures. Version with higher resolution figure 1 available at http://www.ociw.edu/~martini/pubs/

I snova o mezhgalakticheskoi igre v pryatki....Ili "a slona-to vy ne zametili".
Na etot raz "spryatalis'" aktivnye yadra galaktik. Nablyudeniya v rentgenovskom diapazone na sputnike Chandra pokazali nalichie bol'shogo chisla AYaG, kotorye nikogda ne byli by otkryty po opticheskim nablyudeniyam iz-za bol'shogo poglosheniya pyl'yu.


astro-ph/0208001 Tracing Black Hole Mergers Through Radio Lobe Morphology
Authors: David Merritt, R.D. Ekers
Comments: 11 pages, 2 postscript figures. High-quality images of NGC 326 showing the radio lobes, jets and galaxy are available at http://www.ira.bo.cnr.it/~murgia/Radioastronomy/NGC326/IMAGES/index.html
Report-no: Rutgers Astrophysics Preprint Series No. 344

V centrah mnogih galaktik nahodyatsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry. Mnogie galaktiki prohodyat cherez stadiyu sliyaniya s drugimi galaktikami. Znachit, budet proishodit' i vzaimodeistvie central'nyh massivnyh ob'ektov. V svoei stat'e avtory issleduyut posledstviya takih sliyanii, ih vliyanie na morfologiyu strui, vybrasyvaemyh iz centrov aktivnyh galaktik. Vyvod takov: nekotorye iz nablyudayushihsya morfoloshichekih osobennostei (naprimer, H-obraznye dzhety) horosho ob'yasnyayutsya takimi sliyaniyami, a kolichestvo "strannyh strui" nahoditsya v sootvetstvii s ozhidaemym tempom sliyanii.


obzor! astro-ph/0208074 Modelling the non-thermal emission from galaxy clusters
Authors: G. Brunetti
Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures, Invited Review Talk, to appear in the Proc. of "Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies", April 23-27 2002, Taiwan S.Bowyer and C.-Y. Hwang, Eds

Obsuzhdaetsya otkuda berut'sya relyativistskie elektrony v mezhgalakticheskoi srede, i chto s etimi elektronami proishodit. Obsuzhdayutsya parametry magnitnyh polei v skopleniyah galaktik.


astro-ph/0208077 Radio-Infrared Supernebulae in II Zw 40
Authors: S.C. Beck et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal (~November 2002), 26 pages and 4 JPEG figures

II Zw 40 eto karlikovaya galaktika na rasstoyanii primerno 10 Mpk ot nas. V etoi galaktike proishodit burnoe zvezdoobrazovanie, kotoroe obychno soprovozhdaetsya mnozhestvom interesnyh processov i poyavleniem razlichnyh lyubopytnyh struktur.

Na osnove dannyh, poluchennyh na VLA i teleskope im. Keka v radio i IK diapazonah, avtory stat'i rasskazyvayut o svoih issledovaniyah t.n. sverhtumannosti. Eto struktura, sstoyashaya iz mnozhestva oblastei ionizovannogo vodoroda. Svoim obrazovaniem ona obyazana zvezdnomu sverhskopleniyu, v kotoroe vhodit po krainei mere 14 tysyach zvezd klassa O. Sverhtumannost' obespechivaet b\'ol'shuyu chast' IK potoka ot galaktiki.


astro-ph/0208097 Wide field weak lensing observations of A1835 and A2204
Authors: D. Clowe, P. Schneider
Comments: accepted to A&A, 14 pages, 13 figures, version with higher quality images can be found at http://www.uni-bonn.de/~clowe

Na primere A1835 i A2204 mozhno posmotret', kak opredelyayut raspredelenie massy v skopleniyah galaktik po linzirovaniyu. Opredelennye massy nahodyatsya v sootvetstvii s ocenkami, sdelannymi po rentgenovskim nablyudeniyam, a takzhe po issledovaniyu dinamiki skoplenii.

obzor! astro-ph/0208143 The Physics of Extragalactic Gas: One Argument for a Next Generation Space Telescope
Authors: Jason X. Prochaska
Comments: pages, 4 figures. To appear in "Hubble's Science Legacy: Future Optical-Ultraviolet Astronomy from Space", APS Conf. Series

V samom nedalekom budushem my budem ochen' mnogo znat' o zvezdnoi sostavlyayushei galaktik na z<2 (sm. takzhe sleduyushuyu stat'yu). Odnako, po mneniyu avtora, informacii o gazovoi sostavlyayushei galaktik budet nedostatochno, i pomoch' zdes' mozhet tol'ko ul'trafioletovyi Kosmicheskii teleskop novogo pokoleniya (Next Generation Space Telescope). Na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah diagnostika gaza provoditsya po nablyudeniyam t.n. "laiman-al'fa lesa". Dlya z<2 etot metod ploho rabotaet.


obzor! astro-ph/0208160 Evolution of Galaxy Morphology
Authors: Sidney van den Bergh
Comments: 8 pages. No figures

Korotkii ponyatnyi obzor po evolyucii galaktik razlichnyh tipov (k sozhaleniyu, bez kartinok). Progress v dannoi oblasti svyazan v pervuyu ochered' s glubokimi habblovskimi nablyudeniyami, pozvolyayushimi poluchat' kachestvennye izobrazheniya dalekih galaktik.

Na z<1 osnovnoe zvezdoobrazovanie idet v diskah, a na z>2 - v haoticheskih strukturah, "blobah" i t.p., chto otchasti svyazano so stolknoveniyami (sliyaniyami) galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Galaktiki rannih (ellipticheskie i Sa-Sab) i pozdnih (Sbc-Sc) tipov evolyucioniruyut po-raznomu. Na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah bol'she ob'ektov, kotorye ne popadayut na Habblovskuyu diagrammu. Krome togo, tam men'she galaktik s barami (a vokrug nas ih kolichestvo nezavisit ot galakticheskogo okruzheniya).


astro-ph/0208181 Environment Shaping Galaxies: Spectroscopy of Cluster Galaxies
Authors: Bianca M. Poggianti
Comments: 10 pages, Latex, newpasp macro included, 5 postscript figures. Invited talk at the meeting "Matter and energy in clusters of galaxies", Taiwan 23-27 Apr 2002, proceedings in press

Predstavleny rezul'taty issledovanii vliyaniya okruzheniya galatiki v skoplenii na zvezdoobrazovanie v samoi galaktike.


astro-ph/0208189 Massive black hole remnants of the first stars in galactic haloes
Authors: Ranty R. Islam, James E. Taylor, Joseph Silk
Comments: 10 pages, 11 figures

Est' li v galo galaktik massivnye chernye dyry? Eti ob'ekty obrazovyvalis' v rezul'tate evolyucii pervyh zvezd. Avtory stat'i issleduyut takuyu vozmozhnost'.


astro-ph/0208215 Multiple black holes in galactic bulges
Authors: Martin G. Haehnelt, Guinevere Kauffmann
Comments: 4 pages, LaTeX, 4 postscript figures, submitted to MNRAS

Kak izvestno, galaktiki v poru svoei molodosti aktivno slivayutsya drug s drugom. Takzhe izvestno, chto v centrah bol'shogo chisla galaktik est' sverhmassivnye chernye dyry. Znachit, mozhno ozhidat' vzaimodeistviya (naprimer sliyaniya) etih kompaktnyh monstrov pri sliyanii galaktik.

Avtory issleduyut razlichnye interesnye scenarii vzaimodeistviya chernyh dyr v central'nyh chastyah galaktik. Chernye dyry mogut slivat'sya, para chernyh dyr mozhet byt' vybroshena iz centra galaktiki (ili dazhe voobshe za predely galaktiki). Krome etogo, razumeetsya budut vybrasyvat'sya i zvezdy, raspolozhennye v centre galaktiki s neskol'kimi chernymi dyrami. Pokazano, naprimer, chto v slabyh ellipticheskih galaktikah k nastoyashemu momentu fakticheski ne ostalos' dvoinyh chernyh dyr. A v yarkih ellipticheskih galaktikah takie pary mogut vstrechat'sya primerno v 1/3 sluchaev. Kratnye chernye dyry mogut ob'yasnyat' nekotorye osobennosti v raspredelenii plotnosti zvezd v central'nyh oblastyah ellipticheskih galaktik.


astro-ph/0208345 The COMBO-17 Survey: Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from 25,000 Galaxies with 0.2 < z < 1.2
Authors: C. Wolf et al.
Comments: 35 pages, 32 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

Na osnove odnorodnoi vyborki avtory issleduyut evolyuciyu funkcii svetimosti galaktik. V obzore predstavleny dannye po 25 000 galaktikam s krasnymi smesheniyami mezhdu 0.2 i 1.2. Pokazano, chto golubye galaktiki s burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem stanovyatsya v chetyre raza menee mnogochislennymi na nebol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, a galaktiki rannih tipov (krasnee, chem sovremennye Sa-galaktiki) naoborot stanovyatsya na poryadok bolee chasto vstrechayushimisya.


astro-ph/0208434 The Diversity of Extremely Red Objects
Authors: Ian Smail et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 7 figures, ApJ in press

V dannoi stat'e pod ekstremal'no krasnymi ob'ektami (EKO) podrazumevayutsya dalekie galaktiki, kotorye mogut byt' stol' krasnymi kak iz-za pogloshayushei pyli, tak i iz-za obiliya staryh krasnyh zvezd. Avtory stat'i pytayutsya razdelit' eti dve populyacii po nablyudeniyam v raznyh diapazonah (v osobennosti po radionablyudeniyam). Bolee 30 procentov iz vsei vyborki (68 ob'ektov) okazalis' zapylennymi galaktikami s moshnym zvezdoobrazovaniem, vozmozhno, eto chislo dohodit do 75 procentov.


lekciya astro-ph/0209007 X-ray Evidence for Supermassive Black Holes at the Centers of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Stefanie Komossa
Comments: Ludwig-Biermann Award Lecture, to appear in: Reviews in Modern Astronomy 15, R. Schielicke (ed.), Springer-Verlag, p. 27-56 (2002); preprint incl. full-size figures is available at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~skomossa/

Daetsya korotkii obzor rentgenovskih nablyudenii galaktik s aktivnymi yadrami, a takzhe opticheski-neaktivnyh galaktik, na sputnikah Chandra i XMM-Newton.


obzor astro-ph/0209035 The Evolution of X-ray Clusters of Galaxies
Authors: Piero Rosati, Stefano Borgani, Colin Norman
Comments: 40 pages, 15 figures. Full resolution figures can be downloaded from http://www.eso.org/~prosati/ARAA/ Journal-ref: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2002, vol. 40, p. 539-577

V obzore privodyatsya rezul'taty issledovanii v rentgenovskom diapazone, provedennye na sputnikah ROSAT, ASCA, Beppo-SAX, Chandra i Newton-XMM. Obsuzhdaetsya evolyuciya skoplenii galaktik.


astro-ph/0209043 Chemodynamical Modeling of Drawf Galaxy Evolution
Authors: . Berczik, G. Hensler, Ch. Theis & R. Spurzem
Comments: 9 pages, LaTeX2e, 8 ps figures, using the ise2.cls, natbib.sty and graphicx.sty. Presented as oral contribution at the "Interaction of Stars with their Environment II". 15-19 May, 2002, Budapest, Hungary

Predstavleny rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya zhizni galaktiki. V raschety vklyuchena trehmernaya dinamika i himicheskaya evolyuciya. Stat'ya interesna prezhde vsego kak primer togo, kak provodyatsya takie raboty, gde avtory pytayutsya vklyuchit' vse vazhnye komponenty (zvezdy, mezhzvezdnuyu sredu, temnuyu materiyu i t.d.).


obzor astro-ph/0209066 The chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood
Authors: D. Vanbeveren and E. De Donder
Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures, Pacific Rim Conference, Xi'an, China, 11-17 July 2002

Obzor po himicheskoi evolyucii galaktik. osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya massivnym zvezdam (v pervuyu ochered' vetram), a takzhe dvoinym sistemam. Obsuzhdaetsya rol' vrasheniya zvezd v raschetah him. evolyucii.

astro-ph/0209324 Origin of Correlations between Central Black Holes Masses and Galactic Bulge Velocity Dispersions
Authors: V .I. Dokuchaev, Yu.N. Eroshenko
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Astron. and Astrophys. Transactions

Vyshe my pisali o korrelyacii mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i dispersiei skorostei v baldzhe. V svoei stat'e avtory predlagayut ob'yasnenie sushestvovaniya takoi korrelyacii.


astro-ph/0209332 XMM-Newton Measurements of the Elemental Abundances in the Intracluster Medium
Authors: T.Tamura et al.
Comments: Contribution to "New Visions of the X-ray Universe in the XMM-Newton and Chandra Era" 26-30 November 2001, ESTEC, The Netherlands

Na osnove dannyh rentgenovskogo sputnika HMM polucheno soderzhanie elementov v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve. Sostav okazalsya pohozh na t.n. standartnyi solnechnyi. Takoe sootnoshenie elementov sozdaetsya v osnovnom blagodyarya vspyshkam sverhnovyh kak pervogo tak i vtorogo tipov. Znachit veshestvo horosho peremeshano. Odnako, vblizi massivnoi cD galaktiki zheleza okazalos' bol'she, chto mozhet svidetel'stvovat' o bol'shem vklade SNe Ia.


astro-ph/0209433 omega-Cen - an Ultra Compact Dwarf Galaxy ?
Authors: M. Fellhauer, P.Kroupa
Comments: 4 pages, no figures

Omega Centavra - strannoe skoplenie. Avtory vyskazyvayut ideyu, chto eto sverhkompaktnaya karlikovaya galaktika. Podobnye ob'ekty obrazuyutsya pri sliyaniyah galaktik. Mozhno vosproizvesti Omega Centavra v rezul'tate chislennyh eksperimentov. Osnovnoi upor v stat'e sdelan kak raz na parametrah chislennyh modelei, privodyashih poyavleniyu ob'ektov tipa Omega Centavra.


obzor astro-ph/0209438 Formation and evolution of bars in disc galaxies
Authors: E. Athanassoula
Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures, includes gh2001-asp.sty, invited review paper for the 4th Guillermo Haro conference on "Disks of Galaxies: Kinematics, Dynamics and Perturbations" at Puebla, Mexico, ASP Conf. Series 275, eds. E. Athanassoula, A. Bosma & R. Mujica

Vse my lyubim smotret' na krasivye izobrazheniya galaktik. Naprimer, na galaktiki s peremychkami. A kak obrazuetsya i zhivet takaya krasota? V svoem obzore avtor rassmatrivaet "rozhdenie, zhizn' i smert'" peremychek (barov) v galaktikah.


astro-ph/0209452 Proto-Quasars:Physical States and Observable Properties
Authors: Nozomu Kawakatu, Masayuki Umemura, Masao Mori
Comments: 7pages,7figures,accepted for publication in ApJ

Avtory stroyat model' evolyucii kvazara i ego galaktiki. Proslezhivaetsya kak izmenyaetsya otnositel'nye vklad chernoi dyry (kvazara) i galaktiki v obshuyu svetimost'. Stadyaei protokvazara avtory nazyvayut period intensivnogo rosta massy chernoi dyry. Dlitsya etot process neskol'ko soten millionov let. Po mneniyu avtorov radiogalaktiki yavlyayutsya vozmozhnymi kandidatami v takie protokvazary. Takzhe obsuzhdaetsya mesto drugih nablyudaemyh ob'ektov v dannoi kartine evolyucii sverhmassivnyh dyr i galaktik.



obzor astro-ph/0210200 Understanding dwarf galaxies as galactic building blocks
Authors: M.Tosi
Comments: Summary of a general discussion held at the EuroConference "The evolution of galaxies. III: From simple approaches to self-consistent models", A&SS (Kluwer) in press. 10 pages, 4 eps figs

Sobstvenno, vse o soderzhanii stat'i skazano v zagolovke i kommentarii. Avtor vynuzhden kratko kosnut'sya shirokogo spektra voprosov, svyazannyh s karlikovymi galaktikami. Po obzoru mozhno sostavit' horoshee vpechatlenie o sovremennom sostoyanii del v etoi oblasti astrofiziki.


obzor astro-ph/0210232 AGN fueling: the observational point of view
Authors: F. Combes
Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, in "Active Galactic Nuclei: from Central Engine to Host Galaxy" ASP Conf. Ser., 2003, ed. S. Collin, F. Combes and I. Shlosman

Daetsya obzor mnogovolnovyh nablyudenii aktivnyh galaktik s cel'yu issledovaniya ih "dvigatelei": kak okoloyadernyh vspyshek zvezdoobrazovaniya tak i sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr.


obzor astro-ph/0210233 Color, spectral and morphological transformations of galaxies in clusters
Authors: Bianca M. Poggianti
Comments: Invited review at the JENAM 2002 Workshop on "Galaxy Evolution in Groups and Clusters", Porto, Sep 5-7 2002, eds. Lobo, Serote-Roos and Biviano, Kluwer in press

O tom kak "sreda zaedaet" galaktiki. Galaktiki v skopleniyah ispytyvayut vliyanie sosedei. Avtor daet obzor "prevrashenii" galakti v skopleniyah, udelyaya osoboe vnimanie ne tol'ko morfologii, no i spektral'nym harateristikam.

astro-ph/0210273 Stellar collisions in galactic centers: black hole growth and color gradients
Authors: Qingjuan Yu
Comments: 27 pages, including 10 figures, MNRAS in press

Chem pitayutsya kvazary? Esli v ih nedrah nahodyatsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry (a my bol'she chem na 99 procentov uvereny, chto eto tak), to nuzhen gaz, chtoby bylo chto akkrecirovat'. Est' raznye vozmozhnye istochniki takogo gaza. Odin iz nih - stolknoveniya zvezd i prilivnye razryvy zvezd.

Dolgoe vremya schitalos', chto eti mehanizmy odni iz luchshih. Osobenno izyashnaya ideya byla svyazana s tem, chto ochen' massivnye chernye dyry uzhe ne mogut razorvat' zvezdu, a potomu na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah kvazarov mnogo, a okolo nas ih malo. Odnako, Magorrian & Tremaine (1999) pokazali, chto dlya yarkih galaktik razryvy zvezd ne mogut davat' opredelyayushego vklada. V etoi zhe stat'e avtory pokazyvayut, chto i stolknoveniya zvezd ne mogut byt' osnovnym istochnikom gaza. Znachit, neobhodimy drugie rezervuary. Gaz mozhet postupat' ili v rezul'tate sliyaniya galaktik, ili zhe ego mogut vybrasyvat' zvezdy v processe ih evolyucii v techenie prevogo milliarda let zhizni galaktiki.



astro-ph/0210309 X-rays from the High-Redshift Universe: The Chandra view
Authors: C. Vignali et al.
Comments: 1 page, 2 figures, anabs.cls style file. Proceedings for the "X-ray Surveys: in the light of new observatories" Workshop (submitted to Astron. Nachrichten)

Poyavilos' srazu tri stat'i podryad, posvyashennye nablyudeniyam istochnikov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah s pomosh'yu sputnika Chandra: astro-ph/0210308, astro-ph/0210309, astro-ph/0210310. Krome etogo eshe odna stat'ya posvyashena opticheskim nablyudeniyam istochnikov na z=3: astro-ph/0210314.

Dlya izucheniya vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov na Chandre otvedeno dovol'no mnogo vremeni. Sdelano neskol'ko glubokih "prokolov" s ekspoziciyami po 2 mln. sekund. V spektrah nekotoryh istochnikov udaetsya naiti detali, naprimer emissionnye linii zheleza. Kolichestvo dannyh budet rasti, krome togo, s uzhe sdelannyh nablyudenii tol'ko-tol'ko snimayut slivki....


obzor astro-ph/0210371 Formation and Evolution of Disk Galaxies
Authors: Joseph Silk
Comments: To appear in the procedings of: The Evolution of Galaxies. III: From simple approaches to self-consistent models (Kiel, Gemany, July 2002)

Obzor po obrazovaniyu diskovyh galaktik. Kazalos' by, chto mozhet byt' proshe chem diskovaya galaktika. An net. Tut eshe mnogo belyh pyaten (pol'zuyas' sluchaem, rekomenduyu stat'yu I.I. Pashi v Istoriko-Astronomicheskih issledovaniyah za 2002 g. o stanovlenii teorii obrazovaniya spiral'noi struktury, nadeyus', chto ona poyavitsya v HTML vide na Astronete).


obzor astro-ph/0210377 Dwarf Galaxies: Important Clues to Galaxy Formation
Authors: Eline Tolstoy
Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, Invited talk in "Galaxy Evolution III: From Simple Approaches to Self-Consistent Models" (Kiel, Germany, July 16-20, 2002) eds. G. Hensler et al., in press

Malen'kie galaktiki ne menee vazhny chem bol'shie, a po mneniyu nekotoryh specialistov oni dazhe bolee vazhny dlya ponimaniya evolyucii vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov. Obzor posvyashen imenno etomu: roli karlikovyh galaktik v nashem ponimanii evolyucii galaktik vcelom.


astro-ph/0210466 Sharovye skopleniya v blizhaishih skopleniyah galaktik (Globular Clusters in nearby Galaxy Cluster)
Authors: Michael Hilker (Sternwarte Univ. Bonn, Germany)
Commets: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the ESO Workshop on "Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems", ed. M. Kissler-Patig, Springer Verlag (2002)

V dvuh blizhaishih k nam skopleniyah galaktik - Gidra I i Centavr - byla obnaruzhena bol'shaya populyaciya sharovyh skoplenii ne svyazannyh s otdel'nymi galaktikami, a raspolozhennyh mezhdu nimi. Eti rezul'taty polucheny po rezul'tatam glubokoi fotometrii, provedennoi na teleskopah VLT. Mezhgalakticheskie skopleniya gorazdo bolee golubye, chem obychnye. Eto mozhet oznachat', chto oni starye i bednye metallami (elementami tyazhelee geliya) ili, naoborot, molodymi i bogatymi tyazhelymi elementami.


obzor astro-ph/0210475 Rentgenovskie mayaki Vselennoi na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Issledovanie naibolee yarkih kvazarov cifrovogo palomarskogo obzora neba s z>4 so sputnika Chandra (X-ray lighthouses of the high-redshift Universe. Probing the most luminous z>4 Palomar Digital Sky Survey Quasars with Chandra)
Authors: C. Vignali (1), W.N. Brandt (1), D.P. Schneider (1), G.P. Garmire (1), S. Kaspi (2) ((1) Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; (2) School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
Commets: 16 pages, 7 figures included, LaTeX emulateapj5.sty, accepted for publication by the Astronomical Journal (Feb. 2003)

Rentgenovskaya observatoriya Chandra pronablyudala 9 yarkih v optike kvazarov s (z=4.1-4.5). Kvazary byli vzyaty iz cifrovogo opticheskogo palomarskogo obzora neba (DPOSS), eto vse izvestnye kvazary s z>4 i MB ot -28.4 do -30.2. Kazhdyi iz nih nablyudalsya Chandroi 5-6 Ks. Podtverzhdena sil'naya korrelyaciya mezhdu potokom ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya i svetimost'yu kvazara v myagkom rentgene. Net kakih-libo ukazanii na dopolnitel'noe pogloshenie (NH<8.8x1021 sm-2). at 90% confidence). In general, our results show

v obzore takzhe privedeny ROSATovskie verhnie predely (3\sigma) rentgenovskogo izlucheniya ot 45 kvazarov s z>4.


astro-ph/0210540 Chto opredelyaet evolyuciyu galaktik? (What determines galactic evolution?)
Authors: Francesca Matteucci (Department of Astronomy, University of Trieste)
Commets: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the "Proceedings of The evolution of galaxies III. From simple approaches to self-consistent models", Kiel (Germany), 2002

V stat'e dano kratko opisany osnovnye dvizhushie sily evolyucii galaktik: zvezdoobrazovanie, nukleosintez, gazovye potoki. Rassmatrivayutsya dva podhoda k opisaniyu galakticheskoi evolyucii - cherez zvezdnye populyacii (model' himicheskoi evolyucii) i scenarii ierarhicheskogo skuchivaniya (obrazovanie krupnyh galaktik v rezul'tate "slipaniya" bolee melkih). Otmechaetsya (v diskussii), chto u etih dvuh podhodov est' protivorechashie drug drugu vyvody.

Stat'ya budet interesna "nespecialistam" po galaktikam.


astro-ph/0210556 Obrazovanie sharovyh skoplenii: vne i vnutri karlikovyh galaktik (Formation of Globular Clusters: In and Out of Dwarf Galaxies)
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin
Comments: 6 pages, proceedings of the ESO workshop "Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems", ed. M. Kissler-Patig

Kak i kogda obrazovalis' sharovye skopleniya? V nastoyashee vremya schitaetsya, chto oni poyavlyayutsya mezhdu z 7 i 3. V sovremennoi kartine ierarhicheskogo obrazovaniya struktury vnachale obrazuyutsya otnositel'no nebol'shie ob'ekty - karlikovye galaktiki. V nih-to i poyavlyayutsya pervye sharovye skopleniya (massivnyh galaktik prosto eshe net).

Posle obshego vvedeniya avtor predstavlyaet rezul'taty chislennyh raschetov (Gnedin, Kravcov) obrazovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v galaktike tipa nashei.

(sm. takzhe drugie nedavnie stat'i, posvyashennye obrazovaniyu sharovyh skoplenii: "The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems"; " Globular Cluster Formation"; "Building up the globular cluster system of the Milky Way. The contribution of the Sagittarius galaxy"; "Globular Cluster Systems of Spirals").


astro-ph/0210599 Obrazovanie galaktik: teplaya temnaya materiya, nedostatok sputnikov i problema uglovogo momenta (Galaxy Formation: Warm Dark Matter, Missing Satellites, and the Angular Momentum Problem)
Authors: Martin Goetz, Jesper Sommer-Larsen
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the Euroconference "Galaxy Evolution - III. From simple approaches to self-consistent models", Kiel, 2002. A high-quality version of Fig. 1 can be downloaded from http://www.tac.dk/~gotz/goetz.fig1.eps

V svoei korotkoi zametke avtory predlagayut reshenie dvuh problem, sushestvuyushih v teorii obrazovaniya galaktik. Eti problemy otnosyatsya k otnositel'no nebol'shim prostranstvennym masshtabam - poryadka razmera galaktik. Model' holodnoi temnoi materii predskazyvaet slishkom mnogo karlikovyh galaktik-sputnikov. Krome togo, v etoi modeli obrazuyushiesya galaktiki imeyut uglovoi moment men'she nablyudayushegosya. Vvedenie nekotorogo kolichestva teploi temnoi materii snimaet, po mneniyu avtorov, vysheopisannye problemy, chto oni i demonstriruyut s pomosh'yu chislennyh raschetov. Odnako, v zaklyuchenie avtory ukazyvayut, chto eti problemy mozhno reshit' i v ramkah bolee detalizirovannogo scenariya s holodnoi temnoi materiei.


astro-ph/0210676 Modeli evolyucionnogo sinteza dlya rascheta "prevrashenii" galaktik v skopleniyah (Evolutionary Synthesis Models for Galaxy Transformation in Clusters)
Authors: Jens Bicker, U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben, K. J. Fricke
Commets: 4 Pages, Eurokiel2002 Poster Proceeding

Okazyvaetsya, statistika galaktik v skopleniyah na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka 0.5 i vblizi nas sushestvenno razlichno. Esli vokrug nas "kokteil'" sostoit iz odnoi chasti ellipticheskih, dvuh chastei S0 galaktik, i odnoi chasti spiral'nyh, to na z=0.5 gorazdo bol'she spiral'nyh galaktik (eto izbytok obespechivaetsya men'shim chislom S0 galaktik).

Prichin dlya takogo razlichiya mozhet byt' neskol'ko: sliyaniya, vspyshki zvezdoobrazovaniya, vliyanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy ... Avtory ispol'zuyut svoi modeli evolyucionnogo sinteza dlya izucheniya vlichniya zvezdoobrazovaniya na izmeneniya sostava "galakticheskogo kokteilya". V etoi korotkoi zametke predstavleny lish' pervye rezul'taty, odnako problema dovol'no interesna, potomu my i obrashaem na nee vashe vnimanie.


astro-ph/0211024 Rentgenovskie svoistva spiral'nyh galaktik (X-ray properties of spiral galaxies)
Authors: Roberto Soria (MSSL/UCL)
Commets: to appear in the Proceedings of "High Energy Processes and Phenome in Astrophysics", IAU Symposium No.214, Suzhou (China), 5-10 August 2002; eds.: Xiang-dong Li, Zhen-ru Wang, Virginia Trimble. Higher resolution figures available at http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/~rs1/iau214

Rentgenovskie issledovaniya blizkih galaktik s moshnym zvezdoobrazovaniem pozvolyayut issledovat' temperaturu i prostranstvennoe raspredelenie goryachego gaza, opredelit' chislo diskretnyh istochnikov raznyh tipov (massivnye i malo-massivnye dvoinye, ostatki sverhnovyh, sverhmyagkie i sverhyarkie istochniki). Vse eti vozmozhnosti pokazany na primere galaktiki M83. Vtoraya polovina stat'i posvyashena ul'trayarkim istochnikam. V nashei Galaktike takih istochnikov net, no v sosednih oni obnaruzheny. Priroda etih ob'ektov do konca ne izvestna, skoree vsego eto mozhet byt' chernaya dyra promezhutochnoi massy (~100Mo) v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme,


obzor astro-ph/0211054 Poslednie dostizheniya v issledovaniyah blazarov (Recent highlights in the X-ray study of blazars)
Authors: Elena Pian
Commets: 10 pages, 8 Postscript figures, Invited Talk at the International Workshop "High Energy Blazar Astronomy"

Blazary - eto vid aktivnyh galakticheskih yader. Oni ochen' aktivny v zhestkih diapazonah (rentgen, gamma). Vremennaya i spektral'naya chuvstvitel'nost' sputnikov novogo pokoleniya ochen' vysoka, chto pozvolilo poluchit' mnogo interesnyh rezul'tatov po blazaram, o chem i idet rech' v dannom obzore.


astro-ph/0211118 Otsutstvie zavisimosti radioyarkosti aktivnyh yader galaktik ot massy sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry (The Independence of AGN Black Hole Mass and Radio-Loudness)
Authors: Jong-Hak Woo, C. Megan Urry
Comments: 5 pages with 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJL

Ne chernoi dyroi edinoi!
Zachastuyu dumayut, chto raznye galaktiki s aktivnymi yadrami otlichayutsya tol'ko central'nymi chernymi dyrami, a poskol'ku "chernye dyry ne imeyut volos", to edinstvennyi vazhnyi parametr - massa chernoi dyry (nu i orientaciya vesi sistemy otnositel'no lucha zreniya). Odnako, avtory pokazyvayut, ispol'zuya ogromnuyu nablyudatel'nuyu vyborku, chto radiosvetimost' (luchshe skazat' "radioaktivnost'", no eto mozhet sbit' s tolku) ne zavisit ot massy chernoi dyry.


obzor astro-ph/0211161 Svyaz' mezhdu vspyshkami zvezdoobrazovaniya i aktivnymi yadrami galaktik: ot krasnyh smeshenii do nashih dnei (Starburst-AGN Connection from High Redshift to the Present Day)
Authors: Yoshiaki Taniguchi
Commets: 10 pages, 1 figure, Invited Review Paper, To appear in The Proceedings of the IAU 8th Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting

Daetsya podrobnyi obzor vozmozhnoi svyazi mezhdu vspyshkami obrazovaniya i AYaG. Posle istoricheskogo vvedeniya avtor podrobno razbiraet korrelyaciyu mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i massoi baldzha, obnaruzhennuyu na ochen' bol'shom nablyudatel'nom materiale. Avtor polagaet, chto svermassivnye chernye dyry mogli obrazovat'sya v rezul'tate sliyaniya kompaktnyh ob'ektov (neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr), obrazovavshihsya vskore posle moshnoi vspyshki zvezdoobrazovaniya. Zatem obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' obrazovaniya aktivnyh yader (kvazarov) na ochen' bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.


astro-ph/0211192 Populyaciya rentgenovskih istochnikov v ellipticheskoi galaktike NGC 720 co sputnika Chandra (X-ray Source Population in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 720 with Chandra)
Authors: Tesla E.Jeltema et al
Commets: 28 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Potok otkrytii, kotorye vydaet rentgenovskaya observatoriya Chandra s pomosh'yu svoego teleskopa s vysokim uglovym razresheniem, stal uzhe obydennym. No vse ravno ot izobrazhenii kosmicheskih ob'ektov v rentgenovskih luchah nevozmozhno otorvat' glaz. Na etot raz nablyudalas' ellipticheskaya galaktika NGC 720. V nei obnaruzheno 42 ranee neizvestnyh tochechnyh rentgenovskih istochnika, vklyuchaya istochnik vblizi ee centra. Bol'shaya chast' etih istochnikov - malomassivnye rentgenovskie dvoinye. 12 iz 42 raspolozheny na rasstoyanii 2" ot kandidatov v sharovye skopleniya v NGC 720. Galaktika ellipticheskaya, a rentgenovskie istochniki v nei pohozhe obrazuyut dugi. Esli vam interesno - dal'she chitaite stat'yu.


mikroobzor astro-ph/0211228 Paradigma AYaG: radiotihie ob'ekty (The AGN Paradigm: Radio-Quiet Objects)
Authors: Sylvain Veilleu
Commets: 12 pages and 1 jpg-style figure; Invited introductory review, Meudon conference on Active Galactic Nuclei: from Central Engine to Host Galaxy

Szhatyi obzor bez formul, no s bol'shim kolichestvom ssylok (za poslednie 5 let po AYaG opublikovano bolee 5000 statei!!!). Rassmatrivayutsya novye nablyudatel'nye dannye (v osnovnom sputnikovye, i poluchennye v bol'shih obzorah). Obsuzhdayutsya korrelyacii vsego so vsem.


astro-ph/0211291 Himicheskaya evolyuciya Galaktiki: znachenie zvezd s massoi bolee 40 mass Solnca (The chemical evolution of the Galaxy: the importance of stars with an initial mass larger than 40Mo)
Authors: E. De Donder, Vanbeveren
Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted for New Astronomy

Okazyvaetsya, mnogie sovremennye modeli nedouchityvayut vklad samyh massivnyh zvezd v himicheskuyu evolyuciyu Galaktiki. Osobenno ploho vklyuchen v modeli sil'nyi veter, prisushii takim zvezdam. Avtory pytayutsya zapolnit' etot probel, hotya yasno, chto zdes' nuzhny EShE bolee detal'nye issledovaniya (osobenno v tom, chto kasaetsya vzryvov zvezd).


obzor astro-ph/0211302 Dogs that Don't Bark (The Tale of Baryonic Dark Matter in Galaxies)
Authors: N.W. Evans
Commets: 15 pages, Invited Review for "IDM 2002: The 4th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter ", eds N. Spooner, V. Kudryavtsev (World Scientific)

Obsuzhdayutsya: temnoe veshestvo v galo Galaktiki (v pervuyu ochered' barionnoe), mikrolinzirovanie, nu i v svyazi so vsem etim - belye karliki v galo. Lishnii raz mozhno ubedit'sya, chto barionnoe veshestvo ne mozhet ob'yasnit' ves' "temnyi" vklad v galo.


astro-ph/0211385 Parallaksy kvazarov: pryamoi metod opredeleniya geometricheskogo rasstoyaniya do kvazarov (Quasar Parallax: a Method for Determining Direct Geometrical Distances to Quasars)
Authors: Martin Elvis and Margarita Karovska
Commets: 13 pages, with 3 figures. ApJ Letters, in press (Dec 20, 2002)

Avtory predlagayut novyi metod izmereniya rasstoyanii do kvazarov, pohozhii po sheme na "perevernutyi" metod geometricheskih parallaksov (sm. risunok). Peremennoe izluchenie, ishodyashee iz yadra kvazara, otrazhaetsya ot ego bolee vneshnih chastei (tak nazyvaemoi zony shirokih emissionnyh linii (BELR)). Svetimost' etoi zony takzhe menyaetsya, no s nekotoroi zaderzhkoi po sravneniyu s izlucheniem yadra. Eta zaderzhka ravna t=dBELR/c. Esli my izmerim, ugol, pod kotorym zona shirokih emissionnyh linii kvazara vidna s Zemli, to smozhem opredelit' i rasstoyanie do nego. No dlya etogo nuzhno ochen' vysokoe uglovoe razreshenie - 10-5 uglovoi sekundy dlya kvazara s z=2.


astro-ph/0211465 Kosmologicheskoe proishozhdenie dispersii skorostei v massivnyh galaktikah rannih tipov (Cosmological Origin of the Stellar Velocity Dispersions in Massive Early-Type Galaxies)
Authors: Abraham Loeb, P.J.E. Peebles
Commets: 5 pages, Sumitted to ApJ

Ochen' krasivaya vesh' - naiti prostoe ob'yasneniyu nekotoromu horosho izvestnomu (no ne do konca ponyatomu) yavleniyu. Imenno eto avtory i pytayutsya sdelat'.

Dispersiya skorostei bol'shih ellipticheskih galaktik 200 km/s (rech' idet o zvezdah v galaktikah). Bolee 400 km/s prakticheski nikogda ne byvaet. Okolo 200 - dovol'no rezkii maksimum. Eto daet sil'noe ogranichenie na massu, zaklyuchennuyu v "svetyasheisya" chasti galaktiki. Avtory ob'yasnyayut eto processom formirovaniya galaktik v standartnoi na segodnyashnii den' modeli s holodnoi temnoi materiei i kosmologicheskim chlenom.

Dlya ob'yasneniya vvodyatsya dve razumnye gipotezy. Pervaya: zvezdy obrazuyutsya na z=6 eshe do okonchatel'nogo formirovaniya galaktiki. Vtoraya: raspredelenie temnogo veshestva v novoobrazovavshemsya galo "ne pomnit" takih detalei processa, kak malaya dolya besstolknovitel'nogo "zvezdnogo" veshestva v plotnyh oblastyah bolee rannih galo.

Rezul'taty raschetov v sootvetstvii s etimi gipotezami podtverzhdayutsya dannymi Sloanovskogo obzora neba.


miniobzor astro-ph/0211482 Rentgenovskie nablyudeniya radiogalaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Xray observations of high redshift radio galaxies)
Authors: C.L. Carilli
Commets: 9 pages, Elsevier Science format: 'Radio galaxies past, present future', ed. Jarvis

Posle korotkogo vvedeniya, posvyashennogo rentgenovskim nablyudeniyam blizkih radiogalaktik (Lebed' A i dr.) avtor perehodit k rezul'tatam issledovanii chetyreh dalekih ob'ektov, nablyudavshihsya na sputnike Chandra. Istochniki na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah okazyvayutsya nemnogo nepohozhimi na blizkie, chto svyazyvayut s bol'shim vozrastom poslednih. Obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye svoistva rentgenovskogo izlucheniya v dalekih radiogalaktikah, a takzhe ih korrelyacii s radiosvoistvami i prichiny vozniknoveniya takih svyazei.


miniobzor astro-ph/0211484 Infrakrasnyi vzglyad na blizkie AYaG (An Infrared View of Local Universe AGN)
Authors: Almudena Alonso-Herrero
Commets: 4 pages, in `AGN: from Central Engine to Host Galaxy'', ASP Conference Series, in press (Edited by S. Collin, F. Combes and I. Shlosman)

Daetsya korotkii obzor poslednih dannyh po IK nablyudeniyam blizkih seifertovskih galaktik. Bol'shaya chast' iz nih pokazyvaet tochechnyi istochnik v yadre. Izluchenie ot etogo istochnika peremenno v 9 sluchayah iz 14, dlya kotoryh est' povtornye nablyudeniya. Eto govorit o nezvezdnoi prirode izlucheniya (yasno, chto skoplenie zvezd ne mozhet dat' zametnoi peremennosti). Avtory takzhe provodyat sravnenie IK svoistv seifertovskih galaktik s parametrami ih zhestkogo rentgenovskogo izlucheniya i nahodyat vazhnye korrelyacii, pozvolyayushie ispol'zovat' IK dannye dlya opredeleniya polnoi svetimosti yadra. Veroyatno, IK svetimost' neposredstvenno svyazana s massoi central'noi chernoi dyry.

miniobzor astro-ph/0211517 Samye massivnye skopleniya galaktik vo Vselennoi (The Most Massive Clusters in the Universe)
Authors: O.Czoske, J.-P. Kneib, S.Bardeau
Commets: 10 pages, 7 figures; to be published in the Proceedings of the Conference on "Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies" held on April 23th-27th 2002 in Chung-Li, Taiwan; ASP Conf. Series, eds. S. Bowyer & C.-Y. Hwang

Zamechatel'nyi, prostoi i ponyatnyi malen'kii obzor, posvyashennyi tomu kak mozhno (i kak nuzhno) izuchat' skopleniya galaktik - vsemi dostupnymi na segodnya metodami. Tam zhe rassmatrivaetsya kakuyu informaciyu o skopleniyah mozhno izvlech' iz uzhe sdelannyh rentgenovskih obzorov vsego neba: XBACs, BCS i MACS. Kraine rekomenduyu.


astro-ph/0211530 Obnaruzhenie diffuznogo TeVnogo gamma-izlucheniya ot blizkoi galaktiki so vspyshkoi zvezdoobrazovaniya NGC 253 (Detection of diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253)
Authors: C. Itoh et al.
Commets: 4 pages, double colomn, 3 figures, A&A 396(2002)L1-4

NGC 253 odna iz blizhaishih k nam galaktik s ochen' burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem (tak nazyvaemoi "vspyshkoi zvezdoobrazovaniya"). Rasstoyanie do etoi spiral'noi galaktiki - primerno 2.5 Mpk. Blizost' i moshnoe zvezdoobrazovanie delali ee odnim iz kandidatov na poisk izlucheniya sverhvysokih energii. Takie nablyudeniya byli provedeny v 2000 i 2001 gg. na 10-m atmosfernom cherenkovskom teleskope CANGAROO-II. Ot galaktiki byl zaregistrirovan potok izlucheniya na energiyah >0.6 TeV ravnyi (7.8+/-2.5)x10-12 sm-2 c-1.


astro-ph/0211561 Mezhgalakticheskie sharovye skopleniya i hvost podscheta slabyh galaktik v A1656 (Kome) [Intergalactic globular clusters and the faint end of the galaxy number counts in A1656 (Coma)]
Authors: A. Marin-Franch & A. Aparicio
Commets: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

V poslednee vremya v skopleniyah galaktik byli obnaruzhen sharovye skopleniya ne vhodyashie v sostav galaktik. Naprimer, v rabote astro-ph/0210466 (annotaciya) obsuzhdalsya vopros vybrosheny li eti skopleniya iz galaktik dinamicheskimi vzaimodeistviyami, ili okruzhavshie ih galaktiki byli razrusheny.

V dannoi rabote rassmatrivaetsya eshe odin vozmozhnyi otvet - v raspredelenii galaktik v skoplenii Koma est' dostatochno dlinnyi "hvost" ochen' malen'kih galaktik. On dostatochno horosho stykuetsya s raspredelenie sharovyh skoplenii. I, takim obrazom, sharovye skopleniya mogut okazat'sya samymi malen'kimi galaktikami v skoplenii Koma.


obzor astro-ph/0211630 Chandra izuchaet "blizkuyu Vselennuyu" (Studying the Nearby Universe with Chandra)
Authors: Q. Daniel Wang
Commets: Based on an overview talk presented at the IAU Symposium No.214: High Energy Processes and Phenomena in Astrophysics (in press).

Samye interesnye rezul'taty, poluchennye s observatorii Chandra, pri nablyudenii blizhaishih galaktik, vklyuchaya Mlechnyi Put'. Eti nablyudeniya otvergli mnogo sushestvovavshih gipotez i otkryli celyi ryad novyh faktov. Polnuyu versiyu stat'i (postscript) s vysokokachestvennymi fotografiyami mozhno vzyat' s http://www.astro.umass.edu/~wqd/papers/talk_IAU214.ps.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212051 Sverhobolochechnaya aktivnost' v galaktikah s burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem. (Superbubble Activity in Star-Forming Galaxies)
Authors: M. S. Oey
Commets: 10 pp., uses kluwer.cls. Invited Review to appear in "From Observations to Self-Consistent Modelling of the ISM in Galaxies, eds. M. A. de Avillez & D. Breitschwerdt, JENAM 2002 WS-ISM, (Kluwer) Ap&SS, in press

Veter ot molodyh zvezd i chastye vspyshki sverhnovyh, soprovozhdayushie burnoe zvezdoobrazovanie, okazyvayut sil'noe vliyanie na dinamiku i strukturu mezhzvezdnoi sredy. Avtor rassmatrivaet model', opisyvayushuyu eto vliyanie, a takzhe daet kratkii obzor po dannoi teme.

Sm. takzhe astro-ph/0212052

astro-ph/0212099 Obnaruzhenie dvoinogo aktivnogo yadra v moshnoi infrakrasnoi galaktike NGC 6240 (Discovery of a binary AGN in the ultraluminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240 using Chandra)
Authors: Stefanie Komossa et al.
Commets: ApJ Letters in press, 7 colour figures included; preprint and related papers on NGC 6240 also available at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~skomossa/

Po rentgenovskim nablyudeniyam na Chandre u odnoi iz blizhaishih sverhmoshnyh infrakrasnyh galaktik (ULIRG - UltraLuminous InfraRed Galaxy) obnaruzheno dvoinoe aktivnoe yadro. V optike u galaktiki uzhe nablyudalos' dvoinoe yadro, a takzhe vsyakie "koloski, voloski..." Eto svidetel'stvuet o tom, chto galaktika nahoditsya v rannei stadii sliyaniya. No po opticheskim (i IK) dannym bylo neyasno kakoe iz yader yavlyaetsya aktivnym. Rentgenovskie nablyudeniya pokazali, chto aktivny oba!

V konce koncov dva yadra sol'yutsya. I to chto my vidim nachalo etogo processa daet dopolnitel'nuyu uverennost', chto kosmicheskomu detektoru gravitacionnyh voln - LISA - budet chto nablyudat'.


astro-ph/0212243 Obrazovanie sharovyh skoplenii v slivayushihsya galaktikah (Formation of Globular Clusters in Merging Galaxies)
Authors: Francois Schweizer (Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena)
Commets: 11 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures (= 10 EPS files); uses newpasp.sty. To appear in "New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy," eds. G. Piotto, G. Meylan, G. Djorgovski, & M. Riello (ASP, San Francisco), 2003

Sliyanie bogatyh gazom galaktik privodit k nachalu massovogo obrazovaniya zvezd i skoplenii. Za vremya sliyaniya rozhdayutsya tysyachi skoplenii, no tol'ko samye massivnye i kompaktnye iz nih perezhivayut pervyi milliard let i prevrashayutsya v obychnye sharovye skopleniya. A v techenie pervogo milliarda let s nachala sliyaniya eti sharovye skopleniya "vtorogo pokoleniya" vyglyadyat kak molodye skopleniya galo s posti solnechnym himicheskim sostavom. Podobnye sharovye skopleniya s promezhutochnymi vozrastami (2-5 mlrd. let) nedavno byli naideny v primerno 10 ellipticheskih galaktikah.


astro-ph/0212257 Vvedenie v GOLDmine: novaya baza dannyh o galaktikah v internet (Introducing GOLDMine: A new Galaxy Database on the WEB)
Authors: G. Gavazzi et al.
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for pubblication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Novyi sait "GOLDMine" (Galaxy On Line Database Milano Network) http://goldmine.mib.infn.it soderzhit dannye o nablyudeniyah 3267 galaktik skoplenii Virgo i Coma na raznyh dlinah voln v opticheskom diapazone. Tam zhe soderzhatsya izobrazheniya galaktik.


astro-ph/0212286 "Propushennoe zveno" v evolyucii zvezdnyh skoplenii (The Missing Link in Star Cluster Evolution)
Authors: Richard de Grijs, Nate Bastian, Henny J.G.L.M. Lamers
Commets: accepted for publication in the ApJ Letters; 10 pages in AASTEX preprint format; including 2 postscript figures

Samaya populyarnaya segodnya model' dinamicheskoi evolyucii zvezdnyh skoplenii predskazyvaet, chto stepennaya funkciya svetimosti molodyh skoplenii dolzhna bystro prevrashat'sya v gaussovu funkciyu svetimostei "staryh" sharovyh skoplenii, podobnyh tem, chto nablyudayutsya v nashei Galaktike. Pohozhe, chto nablyudayushayasya centre v galaktiki M82 sistema sharovyh skoplenii s vozrastami okolo 1 Glet nahoditsya kak raz na stadii perehoda mezhdu etimi dvumya sostoyaniyami.


astro-ph/0212288 Rol' magnitnyh polei v spiral'nyh galaktikah (The Role of Magnetic Fields in Spiral Galaxies)
Author: Rainer Beck
Commets: 10 pages with 3 figures.

Mezhzvezdnye magnitnye polya dostatochno sil'ny: do 25.10-6 G v spiral'nyh vetvyah i do 40.10-6 G vblizi yader galaktik. V spiral'noi galaktike NGC 6946 srednyaya plotnost' energii magnitnyh polei vyshe, chem teplovoi energii gaza. Magnitnye polya kontroliruyut evolyuciyu plotnyh oblakov i, vozmozhno, global'nuyu effektivnost' zvezdoobrazovaniya. Potoki gaza i udarnye volny v spiral'nyh vetvyah i barah modificiruyutsya magnitnymi polyami. I tak dalee ...


astro-ph/0212292 Plotnye sistemy gaz-zvezdy: evolyuciya sverhmassivnyh zvezd (Dense gas-star systems: Super-massive stars evolution)
Authors: Pau Amaro-Seoane
Commets: 9 pages, no figures, to appear in 2003, Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html). Needs caps.cls and cupbook.cls (included)

Vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya v centre kvazara sverhmassivnoi zvezdy s massoi 107-109 Mo i svetimost'yu 1012 Lo ("magnetoid") rassmatrivalas' i byla ochen' populyarnoi v 60-e - 70-e gody. Svetimost' kvazarov v etoi modeli ob'yasnyalas' akkreciei na takoi sverhmassivnyi ob'ekt (Lynden-Bell 1969, u nas etoi tematikoi zanimalsya L.Ozernoi).

Eta, dostatochno ekzotichnaya ideya, segodnya ispytyvaet vtoroe rozhdenie v svyazi s otkrytiem sverh massivnyh chernyh dyr v centrah mnogih galaktik. Koncepciya sverhmassivnoi (>5.104 Mo) zvezdy, pogruzhennoi v plotnoe zvezdnoe skoplenie mozhet ob'yasnit' ryad nablyudaemyh v kvazarah yavlenii. V dannoi stat'e chislenno izuchena dinamika vzaimodeistviya sverhmassivnoi zvezdy m okruzhayushim ee plotnym zvezdnym polem.


astro-ph/0212335 Korrelyaciya mezhdu massoi sverhmassivnoi sernoi dyry i strukturoi ellipticheskih galaktik i baldzhei (The Correlation Between Supermassive Black Hole Mass and the Structure of Ellipticals and Bulges)
Authors: Peter Erwin et al.
Commets: LaTeX, 5 pages, 3 EPS figures.

Uzhe nekotoroe vremya schitaetsya ustanovlennym, chto massy central'nyh chernyh dyr galaktik proporcional'ny massam ih baldzhei, a dlya ellipticheskih galaktik - ih polnym massam. No, okazyvaetsya, est' i bolee tonkie korrelyacii. Bolee massivnye chernye dyry soderzhatsya v bolee koncentrirovannyh k centru galaktikah i baldzhah. Otmechaetsya, takzhe, korrelyaciya massy chernoi dyry so svetimostyami galaktiki ili baldzha.


astro-ph/0212400 Obrazovanie pervyh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes)
Authors: Volker Bromm, Abraham Loeb
Commets: Submitted to ApJ, 10 pages, 9 figures, version with full resolution Figs at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~vbromm/HIGH/apj.ps

S pomosh'yu SPH modelirovaniya avtory rassmatrivayut process obrazovaniya pervyh (v nekotorom smysle "zachatochnyh") sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v central'nyh oblastyah galaktik. Metallichnost' polagaetsya nulevoi (tochnee, himsostav opredelyaetsya pervichnym nukleosintezom). Po vsei vidimosti eto vunuzhdennoe predpolozhenie. Avtory rassmatrivayut krasnye smesheniya poryadka 10, a pervye zvezdy obrazovalis' na z=20-30 i uzhe uspeli vzorvat'sya. Odnako, v stat'e privodyatsya argumenty v pol'zu primenimosti dannogo predpolozheniya.

V raschetah (v zavisimosti ot parametrov galaktiki) poluchayutsya kak odinochnye, tak i dvoinye chernye dyry. Pervye privodyat k poyavleniyu kvazarnoi aktivnosti eshe do epohi vtorichnoi ionizacii.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212468 Nablyudeniya obrazovaniya massivnyh galaktik (Observing Massive Galaxy Formation)
Authors:Christopher J. Conselice
Commets: Invited Review, 10 pages, to appear in "Galactic Dynamics", JENAM 2002

Bylo i est' mnogo teorii obrazovaniya galaktik. Odnako, yasno, chto poslednee slovo za nablyudatelyami. V obzore summiruetsya nashe znanie ob obrazovanii massivnyh galaktik s tochki zreniya sovremennyh nablyudenii. Seichas est' dannye ob obrazovanii galaktik na z > 2. Na osnovanii etih rezul'tatov avtor delaet vyvod o tom, chto tol'ko ierarhicheskaya model' mozhet v nastoyashii moment ob'yasnit' vsyu sovokupnost' dannyh.


katalog astro-ph/0212477 Spisok vnegalakticheskih radiodzhetov (A new list of extra-galactic radio jets)
Authors: F.K.Liu and Y.H.Zhang
Commets: 43 pages, 1 figure

Kratkaya stat'ya, ogromnyi spisok literatury i, v prilozhenii, katalog 661 radioistochnika s dzhetami, kotorye byli otkryty do dekabrya 2000 g.


astro-ph/0212498 Izuchenie populyacii rentgenovskih istochnikov i goryachei mezhzvezdnoi sredy v blizkih galaktikah po dannym XMM-Newton (XMM-Newton Studies of the Source Population and the Hot Interstellar Medium in Nearby Galaxies)
Authors: W.Pietsch
Commets: 8 pages, 10 figures, uses VisionStyle.cls, Proc. Symnposium `New Visions of the X-ray Universe in the XMM-Newton and Chandra Era", 26-30 November 2001, ESTEC, The Netherlands, a version with full resolution images is available at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~wnp/

Sputnik XMM-Newton ni chem ne huzhe Chandry. Tochnee govorya koe chem huzhe, koe chem luchshe. Oni dopolnyayut drug druga! U Chandry luchshe razreshenie (poetomu on daet bolee krasivye kartinki, chto delaet ego bolee izvestnym sredi shirokoi publiki). Zato u XMM-Newton bol'she sobirayushaya ploshad', a potomu (i ne tol'ko potomu) on stroit luchshie spektry.

V etoi rabote rasskazyvaetsya o nablyudeniyah blizhaishih galaktik na XMM-Newton. Hotya razreshenie u XMM neskol'ko huzhe, chem u Chandry, no v blizhaishih galaktikah on vidit mnozhestvo otdel'nyh istochnikov. Mezhzvezdnuyu sredu takzhe mozhno izuchat' vo mnozhestve podrobnostei. Obo vsem etom i idet rech' v stat'e.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212520 Funkcii svetimosti galaktik: Mestnaya gruppa, skopleniya i dr. (The Global, Local and Cluster Galaxy Luminosity Function)
Authors: Simon P. Driver, Roberto De Propris
Commets: 10 pages, Invited Review for the JENAM2002 Galaxy Evolution Workshop (Publ: Kluwer)

Daetsya nebol'shoi obzor nablyudenii funkcii svetimosti galaktik: ot Mestnoi gruppy do bol'shih odnorodnyh vyborok. Pokazano, chto vcelom v skopleniyah funkciya svetimosti ne otlichaetsya ot srednei. Lish' v samyh central'nyh oblastyah est' otkloneniya.


miniobzor astro-ph/0301040 Izuchenie evolyucioniruyushei Vselennoi na XMM-Newton i Chandra (Studying the Evolving Universe with XMM-Newton and Chandra)
Authors: Guenther Hasinger
Commets: 13 pages, 6 figures, review to appear in "High Energy Processes and Phenomena in Astrophysics, IAU Symposium 214, X. Li, Z. Wang, V. Trimble (eds)

Rech' idet o nablyudeniyah dalekih vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov (vnosyashih osnovnoi vklad v rentgenovskii fon) i mezhgalakticheskoi plazmy na novyh rentgenovskih observatoriyah. Teplyi i goryachii mezhgalakticheskii gaz v skopleniyah galaktik, parametry veshestva v centrah galaktik i ih skoplenii, linzirovannye rentgenovskie izobrazheniya, spektry i himicheskih sostav kvazarov, zhestkii fon, kotoryi bolee vsego pohozh na izluchenie nerazreshennyh akkreciruyushih chernyh dyr i koe-chto eshe, i vse eto na vsego lish' na 13 stranicah. Krome opisaniya novyh rezul'tatov (i togo, pochemu oni vazhny i interesny) avtor daet kratkie opisaniya kazhdogo sputnika.


miniobzor astro-ph/0301089 Poisk i izuchenie galaktik s ekstremal'no nizkim soderzhaniem metallov (Search for and study of extremely metal-deficient galaxies)
Authors: S. Pustilnik, A.Kniazev, A. Pramskij, A. Ugryumov
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of Euroconference "The evolution of galaxies. III. From simple approaches to self-consistent models" Kiel, Germany, July 2002

Rossiiskie nablyudateli dayut korotkii obzor issledovanii (v osnovnom sobstvennyh) galaktik s ekstremal'no nizkim soderzhaniem metallov.


miniobzor astro-ph/0301125 Processy rentgenovskogo izlucheniya v dzhetah, "ushah" i goryachih pyatnah (X-ray Emission Processes in Extragalactic Jets, Lobes and Hot Spots)
Authors: Andrew S. Wilson
Commets: 6 pages, To be published in the proceedings of the Bologna conference `The Physics of Relativistic Jets in the Chandra and XMM Era'', New Astronomy Review

Obzor fizicheskih processov, otvetstvennyh za rentgenovskoe izluchenie radiodzhetov i soputstvuyushih yavlenii.


astro-ph/0301135 Poisk kvazarov s z>5.7 v Sloan Digital Sky Survey: otkrytie eshe treh kvazarov s z>6 (A Survey of z>5.7 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II: Discovery of Three Additional Quasars at z>6)
Authors: Xiaohui Fan et al.
Commets: AJ in press (Apr 2003), 26 pages, 9 figures

V obshem-to vse yasno iz nazvaniya. Pri obrabotke Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba naideny eshe tri kvazara s predel'nymi krasnymi smesheniyami: J114816.64+525150.3 (z=6.43), J104845.05+463718.3 (z=6.23) i J163033.90+401209.6 (z=6.05). Za podrobnostyami - v stat'yu.


astro-ph/0301162 Yarkie sverhmyagkie rentgenovskie istochniki vo vneshnih galaktikah (Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources in External Galaxies)
Authors: R. Di Stefano and A.K.H. Kong (CfA)
Commets: 14 pages, 6 figures, ApJ submitted

Kolichestvo sverhmyagkih rentgenovskih istochnikov so svetimost'yu L > 1037 erg/s v sosednih galaktikah sostavlyaet po krainei mere neskol'ko soten, no mozhet byt' i sushestvenno bol'she. Krome togo:

  1. sredi istochnikov est' gruppa so svetimostyami L > 1037 erg/s;
  2. v spiral'nyh galaktikah M101, M83 i M51 sverhmyagkie istochniki associiruyutsya u spiral'nyh vetvei, chto ukazyvaet na ih nebol'shoi (<108 let) vozrast.


astro-ph/0301232 Rentgenovskie AGN na ochen' vysokih krasnyh smesheniyah v severnom glubokom pole Chandra (Very High Redshift X-ray Selected AGN in the Chandra Deep Field-North)
Authors: A.J.Barger et al.
Commets: 5 pages, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal Letters

Pohozhe, chto Chandra pozvolyaet obnaruzhivat' aktivnye yadra galaktik na vysokih krasnyh smesheniyah po ih rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu, dazhe esli opticheskaya svetimost' nizka. Iz 423 dostatochno yarkih rentgenovskih istochnikov bol'shinstvo okazalis' lezhashimi v intervale z=5-6, a nekotorye na z>6 (z opredelyalos' po sravneniyu potokov v sosednih rentgenovskih intervalah). Iz etih istochnikov tol'ko primerno polovina vidna v optike.


astro-ph/0301239 Novyi podhod k morfologii galaktik: analiz pervogo reliza Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba ( A New Approach to Galaxy Morphology: I. Analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release)
Authors: Roberto Abraham et al.
Commets: ApJ in press

Seichas v astronomii nachinayut dominirovat' proekty, v kotoryh poluchaetsya ogromnoe kolichestvo dostatochno odnorodnoi informacii (avtomatizirovanye obzory neba i dr.). Potomu voznikaet neobhodimost' v novyh metodah obrabotki dannyh (vspomnim, naprimer, pro primenenie neironnyh setei (Belokurov i dr. 2002)). V etoi stat'e avtory opisyvayut novyi podhod k opredeleniyu morfologii galaktik. Krome astronomov sootvetstvuyushih special'nostei stat'ya mozhet byt' interesna specialistam po obrabotke dannyh.


obzor astro-ph/0301248 Obrazovanie i evolyuciya ellipticheskih galaktik (Formation and Cosmic Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies)
Authors: J.A. de Freitas Pacheco et al.
Commets: 59 pages, 9 figures, Recent Research Developments in Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press, ps and pdf versions with higher resolution figures are also available at: http://www.obs-nice.fr/peirani/elliptical.html

Bol'shoi obzor po ellipticheskim galaktikam. Dannaya tema imeet otnoshenie kak (estestvenno) k fizike galaktik, tak i k zvezdnoi kinematike, kosmologii (obrazovanie struktur vo Vselennoi), astrofizike sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i t.d. Avtory privodyat mnogo fakticheskih dannyh.


astro-ph/0301257 Odinochnye i dvoinye chernye dyry i ih vliyanie na strukturu yader (Single and Binary Black Holes and their Influence on Nuclear Structure)
Authors: David Merritt
Commets: 10 pages, 4 figures

Na strukturu raspredeleniya zvezd vblizi centra galaktiki ochen' sil'no vliyaet Raspolozhennaya v centre chernaya dyra. Avtor delaet vyvod, chto v yadrah galaktik S absolyutnoi vidimoi velichinoi Mv>-20 ob'yasnyayutsya odinochnymi chernymi dyrami, a v bolee yarkih - chernye dyre dvoinye.


astro-ph/0301265 Novoe ob'yasnenie krivyh vrasheniya v spiral'nyh galaktikah bez galo temnoi materii s pomosh'yu akkrecii mezhgalakticheskogo veshestva (A new hypothesis to explain rotation curves in spiral galaxies without dark matter haloes by means of the accretion of the intergalactic medium)
Authors: M. Lopez-Corredoira
Commets: 25 pages, 6 figures, submitted to RevMexAA

Medlennoe ubyvanie skorosti vrasheniya vneshnih chastei galaktik (tak nazyvaemye "ploskie krivye vrasheniya") do sih por ob'yasnyalis' libo nalichiem nevidimogo galo, libo modificirovannym zakonom gravitacii. V dannoi stat'e predlozheno eshe odno ob'yasnenie - akkreciya mezhgalakticheskogo veshestva. Eta zhe gipoteza ob'yasnyaet U-obraznoe iskrivlenie ploskosti diska nekotoryh galaktik.


astro-ph/0301331 Sootnoshenie mezhdu rentgenovskoi svetimost'yu i tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya v galaktikah (Lx-SFR relation in star forming galaxies)
Authors: M.Gilfanov et al.
Commets: 4 pages, submitted to MNRAS Letters

Rassmatrivaetsya korrelyaciya rentgenovskoi svetimosti i tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya v galaktikah s burnym formirovaniem zvezd. Iz teoreticheskih raschetov bylo yasno, chto kolichestvo (ili svetimost') massivnyh rentgenovskih dvoinyh yavlyaetsya horoshim indikatorom tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya (a otnoshenie sistem s chernymi dyrami i neitronnymi zvezdami yavlyaetsya horoshim indikatorom vozrasta). V serii rabot Gil'fanov, Grimm i Syunyaev (a takzhe Ranalli i dr.) privodyat obshirnyi nablyudatel'nyi material po korrelyacii svetimosti i tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya (otmetim takzhe stat'yu Postnova, posvyashennuyu interpretacii poluchennoi zavisimosti).


astro-ph/0301391 Obrazovanie galaktik s polyarnym kol'com (Formation of polar ring galaxies)
Authors: F. Bournaud, F. Combes
Commets: Accepted for publication in A&A. 20 pages, 14 figures. The resolution of several figures has been reduced in this version
Na fotografii pokazana galaktika NGC4650 (snimok vzyat iz APOD)


miniobzor astro-ph/0301447 Fizika plazmy v skopleniyah galaktik (Plasma physics in clusters of galaxies)
Authors: Jean A. Eilek
Commets: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 in color. Invited review, to appear in Physics of Plasmas, May 2003. After publication it can be found at http://ojps.aip.org/pop

V svyazi s rostom kolichestva nablyudatel'nyh dannyh po mezhgalakticheskoi srede v skopleniyah galaktik voznikaet nuzhda v poluteoreticheskih/polunablyudatel'nyh obzorah po fizike plazmy s uchetom astrofizicheskih osobennostei galakticheskih skoplenii. Obzor prostoi i ponyatnyi, v osnovnom privoditsya fenomenologiya (s nebol'shimi vkrapleniyami prostyh formul). Rassmatrivayutsya nereshennye problemy. Tak chto obzor budet interesnym dlya fizikov-plazmenshikov, kotorye do etogo "redko smotreli na nebo".


astro-ph/0301449 Modelirovanie izobrazhenii s pomosh'yu Sheipletov (Image Simulation with Shapelets)
Authors: R.J.Massey, A.R.Refregier, C.J.Conselice & D.J.Bacon
Commets: 13 pages, including 12 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Version with higher resolution figures available from the shapelets web site at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~rjm/shapelets/

Snachala byla sdelana parametricheskaya model' galaktiki, vosproizvodyashaya razlichnye vneshnie formy. Zatem bylo vyyasneno kak raspredeleny parametry etoi modeli. Teper' okazalos' vozmozhnym postroit' vyborku galaktik i vosproizvesti "deistvie" na nee teleskopa. V rabote vse eto bylo prodelano dlya togo, chtoby smodelirovat' glubokie obzory HST. No mne kazhetsya, chto etot algoritm mozhet naiti i drugie - chisto illyustrativnye - primeneniya.


miniobzor astro-ph/0301476 Nablyudeniya goryachego gaza v galaktikah, ih skopleniyah i gruppah s vysokim uglovym razresheniem (A High Angular Resolution View of Hot Gas in Clusters, Groups, and Galaxies)
Authors: W. Forman et al.
Commets: Contribution to IAU Symposium 214 "High Energy Processes and Phenomena in Astrophysics" (6-10 August, 2002; Suzhou, China)

Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty nedavnih nablyudenii goryachego vnegalakticheskogo gaza na rentgenovskih sputnikah Chandra i HMM. Novye tehnologii pozvolili uvidet' yavleniya, kotorye do etogo ne nablyudalis'. Dayutsya popytki ih teoreticheskogo opisaniya.



astro-ph/0301527 Raspredelenie galaktik po razmeram v Sloanovskom cifrovom obzore neba (The size distribution of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
Authors: Shiyin Shen et al.
Commets: 42 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables; submitted to MNRAS

Ispol'zuya dannye po 140000 galaktikam iz Sloanovskogo obzora, avtory poluchayut massu vsyacheskih raspredelenii. V tom chisle i raspredelenie po razmeram, a takzhe ego zavisimost' ot svetimosti, massy zvezdnoi sostavlyayushei i morfologicheskogo tipa.


miniobzor astro-ph/0301576 Skopleniya galaktik v radiodiapazone (Clusters of galaxies in radio)
Authors: Luigina Feretti
Commets: 14 pags,8 figs,Invited review at "Matter and Energy in Clusters of Galaxies", Taiwan, 2002 April 23-27; to appear in ASP Conf. Series, eds. S. Bowyer & C.-Y. Hwang

Nebol'shoi obzor po radionablyudeniyam skoplenii galaktik. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya izlucheniyu mezhgalakticheskoi sredy i galo. Svetimost' radiogalo horosho korreliruet s rentgenovskoi svetimost'yu i massoi.


miniobzor astro-ph/0302109 Istecheniya ot diskov v AYaG (Disk-Driven Outflows in AGNs)
Authors: Arieh Koenigl
Commets: 8 pages, invited review, to appear in Active Galactic Nuclei: From Central Engine to Host Galaxy (Meudon, July 2002), ASP Conference Series, Vol. 290

Korotkii obzor po istecheniyam ot diskov v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik.


astro-ph/0302191 Gigantskie oblasti HII v slivayusheisya sisteme NGC3256 - mesta rozhdeniya sharovyh skoplenii? (Giant HII regions in the merging system NGC3256: Are they the birthplaces of globular clusters?)
Authors: Jayanne English (U. of Manitoba) & Ken C. Freeman (RSAA, ANU)
Commets: 19 pages, 3 figures, and 3 tables. To be published in Astronomical Journal.

V pare slivayushihsya galaktik NGC3256 obnaruzheny gigantskie oblasti HII so svetimost'yu v linii H_alpha bolee 1.5.1040 erg/s. Eto mesta massovogo rozhdeniya zvezd, vozmozhno v nih sformiruyutsya sharovye skopleniya. Za vremya sliyaniya galaktik NGC3256 obrazuetsya primerno 900 sverhmoshnyh Oblastei zvezdoobrazovaniya, podobnyh 30 Doradus, ostatkom sliyaniya budet Ellipticheskaya galaktika.

Etoi zhe sisteme galaktik posvyashena i stat'ya astro-ph/0302192 togo zhe avtora.


astro-ph/0302221 Palomar/las Kampanas atlas izobrazhenii golubyh kompaktnyh karlikovyh galaktik: I. Izobrazheniya i integral'naya fotometriya (Palomar/Las Campanas Imaging Atlas of Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies: I. Images and integrated photometry)
Authors: A. Gil de Paz, B.F.Madore, O.Pevunova
Commets: 25 pages, 3 GIF figures, 2 JPEG figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Figure 3 and FITS images available at

Stat'ya opisyvaet atlas izobrazhenii 114 samyh blizkih k nam golubyh kompaktnyh karlikovyh galaktik. A sam atlas nahoditsya po adresu http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept02/Palco_BCD/frames.html .


miniobzor! astro-ph/0302281 Radiogalaktiki: unifikaciya i svoistva pyli (Radio galaxies: unification and dust properties)
Authors: P.D. Barthel, I.M. van Bemmel
Commets: 9 pages, no figures, in Proceedings Radio Galaxy Workshop, Leiden, 11-15 November 2002

Obsuzhdaetsya status edinyh modelei vnegalakticheskih radioistochnikov. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya svoistvam pyli.

V edinyh modelyah razlichnye tipy AYaG ob'yasnyayutsya v ramkah akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyry. Razlichie proyavlenii opredelyaetsya raznoi massoi dyry, raznym tempom akkrecii, raznoi orientaciei dzheta po otnosheniyu k nablyudatelyu i raznymi svoistvami sredy vblizi dyry i dzheta (otsyuda vazhnost' ucheta pyli).

Obzor korotkii, no privodyatsya ssylki na bol'shie obzornye stat'i po raznym aspektam edinoi modeli.



astro-ph/0302296 Haoticheskie konusy poter', toplivo dlya chernyh dyr i M-Sigma zavisimost' (Chaotic Loss Cones, Black Hole Fueling and the M-Sigma Relation)
Authors: David Merritt (Rutgers) and M. Y. Poon (Harvard)
Commets: 26 pages, 5 figures, uses aastex.sty

Esli v centre galaktiki sidit chernaya dyra, to te zvezdy, kotorye mogli byt' ei bystro zahvacheny, uzhe ei poglosheny. Teper' (v kvazistacionarnoi situacii) zahvatyvayutsya zvezdy, ch'i orbity prolegayut ryadom s granicei zahvata (konusa poter') i peresekayut ego iz-za vneshnih vozmushenii. Temp akkrecii (zahvata zvezd v takoi situacii mal, kak i svetimost' chernoi dyry. Situaciya izmenyaetsya, esli gravitacionnyi potencial vblizi centra galaktiki ne obladaet osevoi simmetriei (naprimer, yavlyaetsya trehosnym) ili/i zvezdy dvizhutsya haoticheskim obrazom (sm. nizhe stat'yu o haoticheskih yavleniyah).



astro-ph/0302330 Lokal'naya dyra v raspredelenii galaktik: novye opticheskie ukazaniya (The Local Hole in the Galaxy Distribution: New Optical Evidence)
Authors: G.S. Busswell, T. Shanks, P.J. Outram, W.J. Frith, N. Metcalfe, R. Fong
Commets: 15 pages, 17 figures

V raspredelenii galaktik po dannym poslednih CCD-obzorov naidena "dyra" (v severnom polusharii primerno na z=0.1). Mnogo kartinok. Etomu zhe posvyashena sleduyushaya stat'ya:
astro-ph/0302331
W.J. Frith et al.
Lokal'naya dyra v raspredelenii galaktik: po obzoru 2MASS (The Local Hole in the Galaxy Distribution: Evidence from 2MASS)



astro-ph/0302383 Himicheskaya dinamika gazovyh potokov i ih vliyanie na himicheskuyu evolyuciyu karlikovyh nepravil'nyh galaktik (Chemodynamical gas flow cycles and their influence on the chemical evolution of dwarf irregular galaxies)
Authors: Andreas Rieschick, Gerhard Hensler
Commets: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proceedings of "The Evolution of Galaxies - III. From simple approaches to self-consistent models", eds. G. Hensler et al., Kluwer Publ., Dordrecht

Po rezul'tatam chislennogo modelirovaniya avtory prihodyat k sleduyushim vyvodam:

  1. Vo "vnutrennem kol'ce" galaktiki proishodit lokal'noe peremeshivanie metallov vybrasyvaemyh zvezdami.
  2. Vo vneshnem "kol'ce" goryachee veshestvo, vybrasyvaemoe vzryvami Sverhnovyh tipa II, ochen' bystro smeshivaetsya s okruzhayushim holodnym gazom.
  3. Ochen' malaya frakciya tyazhelyh elementov vybrasyvaetsya za predely gravitacionnogo polya galaktiki.


astro-ph/0302401 Galaktika so zvezdoobrazovaniem na z=5.78 v yuzhnom pole Chandry (A star-forming galaxy at $z=5.78$ in the Chandra Deep Field South)
Authors: Andrew J. Bunker et al.
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS (Letters)

Otkryta galaktika s burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem na ochen' bol'shom krasnom smeshenii. Iznachal'no galaktika byla vybrana po opticheskim nablyudeniyam yuzhnogo polya Chandry na Kosmicheskom teleskope. Zatem na teleskope im. Keka byl poluchen ee spektr, i opredeleno krasnoe smeshenie. Otkrytie dalekih galaktik osobenno interesno v svyazi s nedavnimi rezul'tatami sputnika WMAP, govoryashimi o rannei reionizacii Vselennoi.

miniobzor astro-ph/0302455 Sverhmassivnye chernye dyry v "radiogromkih" AYaG (Supermassive black holes in radio-loud AGN)
Authors: R.J. McLure
Commets: 8 pages, 4 figures, To appear in "Radio galaxies: past, present & future". eds. M. Jarvis et al., Leiden, Nov 2002

Rassmatrivayutsya korrelyacii mezhdu parametrami chernoi dyry i hozyaiskoi galaktiki. Opisyvayutsya novye dostizheniya v izmerenii mass chernyh dyr.

Sm. takzhe "The Black Hole Masses of High-Redshift Quasars" astro-ph/0302457.


astro-ph/0302494 Himsostav kvazarov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Quasar Elemental Abundances at High Redshifts)
Authors: M. Dietrich, et al.
Commets: 18 pages, 8 figures. accepted for publication in Astrophys.Journal, V589, June 1

Po ul'trafioletovym spektram 70 kvazarov s z>3.5 issledovalas' evolyuciya ih himicheskogo sostava s cel'yu vyyasnit' kogda obrazovalis' pervye zvezdy. Dlya togo, chtoby dostich' nablyudaemogo kolichestva metallov pervye zvezdy dolzhny byli obrazovat'sya pri z=6-8, t.e. kogda Vselennoi bylo neskol'ko sot millionov let (pri H0 = 65 km/s/Mpk, OmegaM = 0.3, Omega Lambda = 0.7). Eto primerno sovpadaet s nachalom epohi reionizacii. U etoi vyborki kvazarov obnaruzhena nekotoraya korrelyaciya svetimosti i metallichnosti.


astro-ph/0302497 Prilivnye effekty v skopleniyah galaktik (Tidal Effects in Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin
Commets: ApJ 582, 141 (2003)
astro-ph/0302498 Dinamicheskaya evolyuciya galaktik skopleniyah (Dynamical Evolution of Galaxies in Clusters)
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin
Commets: accepted to ApJ

Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty modelirovaniya evolyucii galaktik v skopleniyah. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno prilivnym effektam, kotorye otvetstvenny za dinamicheskuyu evolyuciyu galaktik. Primerom takoi evolyucii yavlyaetsya b'ol'shaya dolya spiral'nyh galaktik po sravneniyu s galaktikami S0 na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Pokazano, chto proishodit prevrashenie spiralei v S0-galaktiki za schet prilivnyh effektov, a vot prevratit' spiral' v elliptichekuyu galaktiku tak prosto ne udaetsya. Galaktiki maloi plotnosti (naprimer, karlikovye sfericheskie - dwarf spheroidals) polnost'yu razrushayutsya prilivami.



astro-ph/0302545 Kakuyu chernuyu dyru soderzhit NGC 6752 - odinochnuyu ili dvoinuyu? (Is NGC 6752 Hosting a Single or a Binary Black Hole?)
Authors: Monica Colpi et al.
Commets: To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)

Izmerenie radial'nogo uskoreniya 5 millisekundnyh pul'sarov v NGC 6752 pozvolyaet opredelit' raspolozhenie chernoi dyry v etom sharovom skoplenii. Bolee vnimatel'noe izuchenie etih dannyh mozhet pozvolit' nam otlichit' odinochnaya ili dvoinaya chernaya dyry prisutstvuet v dannom skoplenii.


astro-ph/0302558 Chandra i HMM-N'yuton nablyudayut pervye kvazary: rentgen ot epohi kosmicheskogo "prosvetleniya" (Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the first quasars: X-rays from the age of cosmic enlightenment)
Authors: C. Vignali et al.
Commets: 15 pages (8 figures), LaTeX emulateapj5.sty, accepted for publication by The Astronomical Journal (June 2003)

Posle rekombinacii (v nasledstvo ot kotoroi nam dostalos' reliktovoe izluchenie) nastupayut t.n. "temnye gody", dlyashiesya do poyavleniya pervyh kvazarov i pervyh zvezd. Eto "prosvetlenie" nastupaet na krasnyh smesheniyah 20-5 (starye ocenki 5-10, novye - po dannym WMAP - 10-20). V stat'e rasskazyvaetsya o rentgenovskih nablyudeniyah 13 kvazarov na z=4.7-5.4. T.e. eto deistvitel'no odni iz samyh pervyh kvazarov. Hotya eto i ne pervye nablyudeniya kvazarov na z>4, odnako eto ochen' vazhno.


astro-ph/0302566 Obrazovanie pyli v pervyh galaktikah (Dust Formation In Early Galaxies)
Authors: H L. Morgan, M G. Edmunds
Commets: Submitted MNRAS, 17 pages with 19 figs

Pyl' v dalekih galaktikah stala ochen' vazhnym yavleniem v svyazi s ispol'zovaniem sverhnovyh dlya opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov. Vyskazyvayutsya somneniyu, chto pravil'no uchten vklad pyli v oslablenie sveta sverhnovyh. V dannoi stat'e avtory issleduyut process obrazovaniya pyli v pervyh galaktikah ("pervye" - nemnogo uslovno, rech' idet o krasnyh smesheniyah >1). Rezul'tat sostoit v tom, chto dazhe na z>5 pyli mozhet byt' mnogo.

astro-ph/0302590 Kvintet Stefana: rentgenovskaya anatomiya stolknoveniya neskol'kih galaktik (Stephan's Quintet: The X-ray Anatomy of a Multiple Galaxy Collision)
Authors: G. Trinchieri et al.
Commets: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Eshe odno ochen' krasivoe i interesnoe nablyudenie s Chandra.

Sleva - opticheskoe izobrazhenie, sprava - rentgen.



miniobzor astro-ph/0303011 Rasstoyaniya do galaktik Mestnoi gruppy (Distances to Local Group Galaxies)
Authors: Alistair R. Walker
Commets: 15 pages, no figures, to appear in "Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale", Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer), ed. D. Alloin and W. Gieren

Po obychnym ponyatiyam rasstoyaniya v astronomii izvestny ploho. Esli vy chitaete, chto "...rasstoyanie do etoi galaktiki sostavlyaet 150 Mpk", to neopredelennost' tut mozhet byt' poryadka dvoiki, dazhe esli krasnoe smeshenie pomereno s vysokoi tochnost'yu. Pohozhaya situaciya i so zvezdami (dazhe Gipparkos na 1 kpk uzhe ochen' sil'no "vret"). Poetomu vse prodvizheniya v opredelenii rasstoyanii predstavlyayut bol'shoi interes.

V dannom obzore avtor rasskazyvaet o "poslednem slove" v izmerenii rasstoyanii do galaktik Mestnoi gruppy. Tuda vhodyat Magellanovy oblaka, Tumannost' Andromedy, izvestnaya galaktika v Treugol'nike (M33) i mnogo vsyakoi melochi.



astro-ph/0303037 Yarkie kvazary i ih galaktiki: Akkreciya na predele? (Luminous quasars and their hosts: Accretion at the limit?)
Authors: David J. E. Floyd
Commets: 6 pages, 3 EPS figures. To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)

V stat'e rasskazyvaetsya o habblovskih nablyudeniyah neskol'kih yarkih kvazarov. Po dannym o hozyaiskoi galaktike mozhno popytat'sya ocenit' massu chernoi dyry (est' dovol'no horoshaya korrelyaciya mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i massoi baldzha). Znaya svetimost' kvazara, mozhno opredelit' kak daleko on nahoditsya ot t.n. Eddingtonovskogo predela svetimosti (predel svyazan s tem, chto izluchenie vybrasyvaet "lishnee" veshestvo. t.o. nastupaet nekotoraya samoregulyaciya). Issledovaniya pokazali, chto po poryadku velichiny vse samye yarkie kvazary svetyat na predele.


miniobzor astro-ph/0303059 Central'nye Mashiny neyarkih AYaG (The Central Engines of Low-Luminosity AGNs)
Authors: Luis C. Ho (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: To appear in Active Galactic Nuclei: from Central Engine to Host Galaxy, ed. S. Collin, F. Combes, & I. Shlosman (San Francisco: ASP)

Opisyvayutsya harakteristiki blizhaishih AYaG i daetsya "opisanie" ih central'noi mashiny.



astro-ph/0303060 Registraciya "aktivnogo" yadra u M32 (Detection of the "Active" Nucleus of M32)
Authors: Luis C. Ho et al.
Commets: To appear in ApJ. 7 pages

M32 - galaktika sputnik Tumannosti Andromedy (M31). Sootvetstvenno, eto ochen' blizkii (po vnegalakticheskim merkam) ob'ekt. Dovol'no davno bylo izvestno, chto v centre M32 est' chernaya dyra. Massa ee ocenivaetsya v 2.5 106 mass Solnca (eto malo, no i sama galaktika malen'kaya). Odnako, kak i u mnogih drugih galaktik (vklyuchaya nashu) yadro M32 neaktivno. I vot s pomosh'yu Chandry udalos' zaregistrirovat' slabyi rentgenovskii potok ot yadra M32. Svetimost' yadra vsego v 500 raz bol'she svetimosti Solnca (tipichnaya "zvezdnaya" chernaya dyra v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme mozhet davat' 1 000 000 svetimostei Solnca). Eto vsego tri milliardnyh ot Eddingtonovskoi svetimosti (sm. vyshe o kvazarah "na predele").



astro-ph/0303062 Chernaya dyra s massoi 3x109 mass Solnca v kvazare SDSS J1148+5251 na z=6.41 (A 3x10^9 solar mass black hole in the quasar SDSS J1148+5251 at z=6.41)
Authors: Chris J. Willott, Ross J. McLure, Matt J. Jarvis
Commets: 4 pages, 1 figure, ApJ Letters, in press

Ocenka massy (3x109Mo) poluchena po shirine linii izlucheniya MgII 2799, kotoraya ravna 6000 km/s. Svetimost' kvazara blizka k Eddingtonovskoi dlya takoi massy. Obratite vnimanie na vazhnyi fakt: uzhe na takih dalekih krasnyh smesheniyah v kvazarah uspevayut obrazovat'sya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry!!!


miniobzor astro-ph/0303173 Dvoinye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry kak galakticheskie meshalki (Supermassive Black Hole Binaries as Galactic Blenders)
Authors: Henry E. Kandrup et al. Bohn
Commets: 16 pages plus 15 figures

Dvoinaya sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra mozhet zdorovo "peremeshat'" zvezdy v galaktike. Kakie stadii est' u etogo processa? Kakova zona vliyaniya dvoinoi chernoi dyry? Kakie nablyudayushiesya fenomeny mozhno ob'yasnit' v ramkah etoi modeli? Vot osnovnye temy dannogo obzora.


astro-ph/0303257 Modelirovanie normal'nyh spiral'nyh galaktik (Simulations of Normal Spiral Galaxies)
Authors: Roelof Bottema
Commets: Accepted for publication in: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astron. Soc. The astro-ph copy has a few figures with degraded resolution. A copy with high quality graphics (4281 kb) can be downloaded from the kapteyn institute weg page at http://www.astro.rug.nl (Goto preprints and preprints 2003)

Modelirovanie galaktik - neprostoe zanyatie. Dlya togo, chtoby poluchit' strukturu nedostatochno pol'zovat'sya tol'ko metodom mnogih tel, ili naoborot tol'ko gidrodinamikoi. V dannoi stat'e opisyvayutsya vychisleniya, vklyuchayushie v sebya zvezdy, gaz (s uchetom ohlazhdeniya i nagreva), zvezdoobrazovanie i sverhnovye (kotorye v svoyu ochered' vliyayut na gaz). V obshem: slozhno i interesno. Stat'ya bol'shaya (30 zhurnal'nyh stranic), zato s kartinkami....


astro-ph/0303386 Galaktiki Laimanovskogo skachka i reionizaciya Vselennoi (Lyman Break Galaxies and Reionization of the Universe)
Authors: A. Gayler Harford and Nickolay Y. Gnedin
Commets: submitted to ApJ

Stat'ya posvyashena ostro aktual'noi i sovershenno svezhei probleme: WMAP izmeril opticheskuyu tolshu okruzhayushei nas povtorno ionizovannoi chasti Vselennoi. Eta velichina odnoznachno perevoditsya v moshnost' neobhodimogo dlya reionizacii zhestkogo izlucheniya. No okazalos', chto izvestnyh istochnikov ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya (pervichnyh zvezd v molodyh galaktikah) dlya etogo ne hvataet.


astro-ph/0303394 Bolee 5000 udalennyh galaktik rannih tipov v obzore COMBO-17: Krasnaya posledovatel'nost' i ee evolyuciya nachinaya s z~1 (Over 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1)
Authors: Eric F. Bell et al.
Commets: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. 15 pages, 6 embedded figures.

Obzor COMBO-17 dolzhen izmerit' cveta i svetimosti (v sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) okolo 25000 galaktik slabee mR<24 v intervale 0.2

astro-ph/0303410 Chto mogut biologi skazat' ob evolyucii galaktik? (What can biologists say about galaxy evolution?)
Authors: Didier Fraix-Burnet, Philippe Choler, Emmanuel J.P. Douzery
Commets: Kiel Euroconference (2002) "The Evolution of Galaxies III. From Simple Approaches to Self-Consistent Models", Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press)

Biologiya zanimaetsya klassifikaciei razlichnyh sushestv i sushnostei na neskol'ko sot let bol'she, chem astrofizika. I podhod k klassifikacii u nih neskol'ko inoi. Tak popytka rasklassificirovat' galaktiki vydelila tri klastera ob'ektov:

Klaster #1 Klaster #2 Klaster #3


astro-ph/0303429 Malomassivnaya central'naya chernaya dyra v seifertovskoi galaktike bez baldzha NGC 4395 (A Low-Mass Central Black Hole in the Bulgeless Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395)
Authors: Alexei V. Filippenko (U. C. Berkeley) and Luis C. Ho (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: To appear in ApJ (Letters). 5 pages

Do sih por schitalos', chto sverhmassivnye central'nye chernye dyry sushestvuyut tol'ko v galaktikah s baldzhem (i ih massy proporcional'ny masse baldzha). A vsya nemnogochislennaya gruppa galaktik pro kotorye tochno izvestno, chto v nih net central'nyh chernyh dyr - bezbaldzhevye.
Pohozhe NGC 4395 - pervyi kontrprimer.


astro-ph/0303469 Sovmestnaya evolyuciya chernyh dyr i galaktik: itogi konferencii (Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies: Conference Summary)
Authors: Tim de Zeeuw
Commets: 12 pages, LaTeX, no figures. To appear in: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)

V poslednee desyatiletie obshepriznannoi stala korrelyaciya mezhdu massoi baldzha galaktiki i massoi ee central'noi chernoi dyry. Byl zamechen i ryad drugih effektov. V dannoi stat'e podvedeny "itogi" serii simpoziumov i rassmotreny voprosy koevolyucii galaktik i ih chernyh dyr nachinaya s z>6.


astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: B.A. Benson et al.
Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures

Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).


astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003

Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.


miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16

Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.


astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)

Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.

V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).

miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy

Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.

Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.


astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter

Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.


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