The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Gravitacionnye volny
Author: Maurice H.P.M. van Putten
Comments: To appear in ApJ Lett
Obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' registracii gravitacionnogo izlucheniya ot tora,
obrazuyushegosya vokrug chernoi dyry posle vspyshki gipernovoi.
Avtor polagaet, chto izluchenie ot blizkih vzryvov mozhet byt' zaregistrirovano
uzhe na LIGO/VIRGO.
Author: P. Grandclement, V. Kalogera, A. Vecchio
Comments: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya interesnaya fizicheskaya zadacha: kakovo vliyanie precessii orbity slivayusheisya dvoinoi sistemy (za schet relyativistskogo spin-orbital'nogo vzaimodeistviya) na gravitacionno-volnovoi signal.
Gravitacionno-volnovaya astronomiya zhdet epohi buri i natiska: zapuska VIRGO i LIGO. Poka zhe natisk idet na "nevidimom", t.e. teoreticheskom, fronte (sm. nedavnii obzor Grishuka i dr. v UFN 2001 nomer 1).
Odnim iz vazhnyh rezul'tatov avtorov yavlyaetsya umen'shenie (na poryadok!) tempa registracii sliyanii dlya sistem s bol'shim otnosheniem mass, esli ne uchityvat' effektov precessii v raschete formu signala (po vsei vidimosti eto dolzhno byt' vazhno dlya sistem neitronnaya zvezda plyus chernaya dyra, kotorye, po raschetam Lipunova i dr. mogut dominirovat' sredi pervyh zaregistrirovannyh sobytii). Izuchaetsya diapazon parametrov dvoinyh sistem, gde etot effekt sushestvenen.
Authors: Umin Lee, Shijun Yoshida
Comments: 20 pages, 12 figures. To appear in ApJ
Neskol'ko let nazad, v 1998 g., bol'shoe vnimanie specialistov privlekli t.n. r-mody neustoichivosti, voznikayushei v molodyh vrashayushihsya neitronnyh zvezdah. Pri etom izluchayutsya gravitacionnye volny i, sootvetstvenno, zamedlyaetsya vrashenie neitronnoi zvezdy. Takaya neustoichivost' mogla by byt' opredelyayushei pri formirovanii raspredeleniya nachal'nyh periodov vrasheniya neitronnyh zvezd.
Odnako, usloviya vozniknoveniya neustoichivosti, intensivnost' izlucheniya i t.p. voprosy v prilozhenii k real'nym neitronnym zvezdam ostayutsya neizvestnymi v svyazi s tem, chto neizvestny s bol'shoi tochnost'yu parametry veshestva v neitronnyh zvezdah. V dannoi stat'e avtory issleduyut problemu v sluchae nalichiya sverhtekuchekogo yadra. Pokazano, chto mogut sozdavat'sya usloviya, kogda r-mody stanovyatsya neustoichivymi.
Authors: G. Brodin, M. Marklund
Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure
Avtory predlagayut novyi metod registracii gravitacionnyh voln, osnovannyi na vozbuzhdenii elektromagnitnyh voln v rezonansnoi polosti. Preimushestvo elektromagnitnyh detektorov pered mehanicheskimi, po mneniyu avtorov, sostoit v tom, chto zdes' legche izbavit'sya ot shuma s pomosh'yu analoga kletki Faradeya. Temp registracii slivayushihsya kompaktnyh ob'ektov poluchaetsya fantasticheskim: desyatki v chas. Eto nastorazhivaet ....
Authors: S.Mineshige, T.Hosokawa, M.Machida, R.Matsumoto
Comments: To appear in PASJ, 15 pages, 2 figures
Voobshe govorya, kogda vy stryahivaete gradusnik, to ruka (i gradusnik) izluchayut gravvolny. Tol'ko ochen' slabye (pro gravvolny voobshe i v astrofizike v chastnosti sm., naprimer, stat'yu V.M. Lipunova, a na bolee ser'eznom urovne obzor Grishuka i dr. v UFN ili v astro-ph). V svyazi s vvedeniem v stroi gravdetektorov teoretiki burno obsuzhdayut, chto vo Vselennoi mozhet izluchat' dostatochno sil'nye gravvolny. V dannoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut akkrecionnye diski kak vozmozhnye istochniki gravizlucheniya.
Authors: G.F. Marranghello, C.A.Z. Vasconcellos, J.A. de Freitas Pacheco
Comments: revtex4, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D, 6 pages + figures
Kvarkovye vnutrennosti u neitronnyh zvezd voznikayut v rezul'tate fazovogo perehoda. Avtory issleduyut, mozhno li zaregistrirovat' gravitacionno-volnovoi signal ot takogo processa. Predskazaniya okazyvayutsya ne ochen' optimistichnymi. Pervaya ochered' detektorov smozhet registrirovat' signal tol'ko ot galaktik Mestnoi gruppy. I dazhe vtoraya ochered' ne smozhet dotyanut'sya do skopleniya v Deve.
Authors: Shiho Kobayashi, Peter Meszaros
Comments: 26 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Issleduyutsya vozmozhnye gravitacionnye signaly v razlichnyh modelyah gamma-vspleskov: sliyaniya kompaktnyh ob'ektov i vzryvy massivnyh zvezd. Dayutsya ocenki dlya budushih nablyudenii na vtoroi ocheredi LIGO.
Authors: Scott A. Hughes
Commets: 46 pages, 7 figures, invited review to appear in Annals of Physics Report-no: NSF-KITP-02-157
4-kilometrovaya gravitacionnaya antenna LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) v SShA zakonchila svoi pervyi nauchnyi (ne tehnologicheskii) seans raboty. K etomu sobytiyu i priurochen obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya gravitacionno-volnovoi astronomii. V obzore podrobno rassmotreny sovremennye i planiruemye gravitacionnye eksperimenty, astrofizicheskie i kosmologicheskie istochniki gravitacionnogo izlucheniya i metodika obrabotki poluchennyh signalov.
Authors: P. Astone, D. Babusci, M. Bassan, P. Bonifazi, P. Carelli, G. Cavallari, E. Coccia, C. Cosmelli, S.D'Antonio, V. Fafone, G.Federici, S.Frasca, G. Giordano, A. Marini, Y. Minenkov, I. Modena, G. Modestino, A. Moleti, G. V. Pallottino, G. Pizzella, L.Quintieri, A.Rocchi, F. Ronga, R. Terenzi, G.Torrioli, M. Visco Journal-ref: Class. Quantum Grav. 19 (2002) 5449-5463
EXPLORER i NAUTILUS - kriogennye tverdotel'nye gravitacionnye detektory. Pohozhe, chto s zapuskom v ekspluataciyu lazernyh gravitacionnyh interferometrov, tverdotel'nye antenny okonchatel'no ustareyut, no poka set' iz neskol'kih takih antenn mozhet pervoi zaregistrirovat' astrofizicheskii gravitacionno-volnovoi signal, esli povezet.
Sessiya sovmestnoi raboty detektorov, provedennaya v 2001 godu, dlilas' 90 dnei i yavlyalas' povtoreniem analogichnoi sessii 1998 goda. Bylo obnaruzheno sovpadenie signalov, kogda detektory byli perpendikulyarny k disku Galaktiki (v etom napravlenii ih chuvstvitel'nost' maksimal'na).
Authors: Valeria Ferrari, Giovanni Miniutti, Jose' A. Pons
Comments: submitted to MNRAS, 24 pages
Novorozhdennye neitronnye zvezdy (vozrast menee minuty) sushestvenno otlichayutsya ot bolee "zrelyh" ob'ektov etogo tipa. Eto goryachie, neprozrachnye dlya neitrino shary. Za neskol'ko sekund oni izluchayut kolossal'nuyu energiyu. Bol'shaya chast' unositsya neitrino, no nekotoraya dolya unositsya gravitacionnymi volnami.
V etoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut process izlucheniya gravvoln molodymi neitronnymi zvezdami. Pokazano, chto esli neitronnaya zvezda rozhdaetsya v nashei Galaktike, to ee gravizluchenie mozhet byt' zaregistrirovano uzhe pervym pokoleniem lazernyh interferometrov. Krome togo, obrazuyushiesya v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd bolee massivnye, t.n. "supramassivnye", neitronnye zvezdy mogut yavlyat'sya bolee moshnymi istochnikami gravitacionnogo izlucheniya. Oni mogut byt' zaregistrirovany na rasstoyaniyah, sootvetstvuyushih skopleniyu v Deve, chto daet temp poryadka neskol'kih shtuk v god.
Authors: Alessandro Melchiorri (Oxford), Carolina J. \"Odman (Cambridge)
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures
Odno iz vazhnyh predskazanii inflyacionnoi teorii - sushestvovanie fona nizkochastotnyh stohasticheskih kosmologicheskih gravitacionnyh voln (GV). Eti volny dolzhny vliyat' na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya na dostatochno krupnyh uglovyh masshtabah. Ob'ediniv dannye predydushih eksperimentov po izmereniyu anizotropii relikta (kotorye, v osnovnom, provodili izmereniya na srednih i melkih uglovyh masshtabah) s dannymi novogo eksperimenta ARCHEOPS avtoru udalos' pokazat', chto otnoshenie vkladov tenzornyh(GV)/skalyarnyh vozmushenii v kvadrupole reliktovogo izlucheniya sostavlyaet n_S=0.97-0.12+0.10.
Authors: G. Woan, for the GEO Collaboration
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in ASP Conf. Ser., Radio Pulsars, ed. M. Bailes, D. J. Nice, & S. E. Thorsett (proceedings of August 2002 meeting in Crete)
Daetsya kratkoe opisanie lazernogo interferometra GEO600, prednaznachennogo dlya registracii gravitacionnogo izlucheniya kosmicheskih istochnikov. Sredi poslednih bolee detal'no obsuzhdayutsya vrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy, osobenno pul'sary.
Authors: N. Andersson
Commets: invited review article for Class Quantum Grav., 47 pages, 16 ps figures
V obzore rech' idet o neustoichivostyah v neitronnyh zvezdah (v pervuyu ochererd' v molodyh), privodyashih k izlucheniyu gravitacionnyh voln. V principe takie volny (esli povezet) mozhno zaregistrirovat' s pomosh'yu stroyashihsya interferometrov.
Authors: Marc Freitag
Commets: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
To, chto v centre nashei Galaktike mozhet byt' chernaya dyra (s nebol'shoi po galakticheskim merkam massoi) predpolagalos' dostatochno davno. Postepenno nakaplivalos' vse bol'she faktov v pol'zu etogo predpolozheniya (sm., naprimer, A.Eckart et al., Nature, 383, 415, (1996)). No samoe ser'eznoe podtverzhdenie etomu faktu poyavilos' sovsem nedavno, kogda byla obnaruzhena pervaya obrashayushayasya vokrug chernoi dyry zvezda. I vot v dannoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya gravitacionnoe izluchenie ot takih zvezd. Eto ne pervaya rabota na dannuyu temu, no v nei ispol'zuyutsya naibolee tochnye dannye o raspredelenii zvezd vblizi chernoi dyry i o masse poslednei. Kosmicheskii gravitacionnyi interferometr LISA, kotoryi predpolagaetsya zapustit' primerno v 2013-2015 godah, smozhet registrirovat' takoe izluchenie ot zvezd naibolee blizkih k chernoi dyre.
Authors: J. Stuart B. Wyithe and Abraham Loeb
Commets: 28 pages 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
Sliyanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr, kotorye nablyudayutsya v centrah galaktik (pri sliyanie galaktik, po-vidimomu, slivayutsya i ih central'nye chernye dyry), mozhet nablyudat'sya s ochen' bol'shih rasstoyanii (do z~3-10). I nizkochastotnye gravitacionnye volny ot nih mozhno budet obnaruzhit' na kosmicheskom interferometre LISA (zapusk v 2013 g.) i pri vysokotochnom nablyudenii momentov prihodov impul'sov ot radiopul'sarov.
Authors: Chris L. Fryer, Daniel E. Holz, Scott A. Hughes, and Michael S. Warren
Commets: 31 pages, 9 figures, to appear in "Stellar Collapse" (Astrophysics and Space Science), edited by C. L. Fryer Report-no: NSF-KITP-02-174, LAUR-02-6960
Vse blizhe i blizhe moment, kogda s nazemnyh gravitacionnyh antenn nachnut postupat' eksperimental'nye dannye (oni uzhe est', tol'ko v nebol'shom kolichestve). I nado uspet' predskazat', chto mozhno v nih uvidet'. V etom obzore osnovnoe vnimanie obrasheno na gravitacionnye volny ot kollapsov yader sverhnovyh.
Authors: Shou-Guan Wang, Zong-Hong Zhu, Zhen-Long Zou, Yuan-Zhong Zhang
Commets: 5 pages, no figure, Latex file Journal-ref: Int.J.Mod.Phys. D11 (2002) 1061-1065
Davno izvestna ideya ispol'zovat' pul'sary dlya registracii sverhnizkochastotnyh gravitacionnyh voln s periodami ot 1 do 100 let. Teper' dlya etoi zadachi predlagaetsya postroit' special'nyi 50 m radioteleskop, kotoryi budet regulyarno izmeryat' taiming 10 naibolee stabil'nyh millisekundnyh pul'sarov.
Authors: Daniel E. Holz and Scott A. Hughes (KITP, UCSB)
Commets: 4 pages, 4 figures
Okazyvaetsya slivayushiesya dvoinye chernye dyry mozhno ispol'zovat' kak standartnye svechi - istochniki gravitacionnyh voln s tochno izvestnoi svetimost'yu. Nablyudaya za izmeneniem amplitudy i chastoty signala my mozhem opredelit' vse parametry etoi sistemy i vychislit' krasnoe smeshenie i rasstoyanie do nee s tochnost'yu 1%! (Tol'ko, po-moemu, etot fakt byl dostatochno davno izvesten.)
Authors: Milos Milosavljevic, David Merritt
Commets: 8 pages, invited contribution to the Proceedings of the 4th LISA Symposium, State College, PA, July 2002
Esli dve galaktiki s chernymi dyrami v centrah slivayutsya, to cherez nekotoroe vremya obe chernyh dyry okazyvayutsya v centre (minimume gravitacionnogo potenciala) obrazovavsheisya galaktiki, gde obrazuyut dvoinuyu sistemu. Gravitacionnyi volny ot takoi dvoinoi mogut byt' zaregistrirovany kosmicheskim detektorom LISA. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena processam, kotorye budut proishodit' v takoi sisteme, kogda rasstoyanie mezhdu chernymi dyrami stanet men'she parseka.
Authors: Tania Regimbau, Jose Antonio de Freitas Pacheco
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Buduchi nemnogo deformirovannymi ob'ektami vrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy yavlyayutsya istochnikami gravitacionnyh voln. Uzhe davno provodyatsya popytki rasschitat', chto smogut uvidet' detektory tipa VIRGO i LIGO ot takih ob'ektov. V svoei rabote avtory ispol'zuyut sobstvennuyu model' populyacionnogo sinteza radiopul'sarov dlya predskazanii grav. signala ot nih.
Authors: Clifford M. Will
Commets: 15 pages, 1 figure, to be submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Ochen' ostraya kriticheskaya stat'ya, opublikovannaya srazu posle press-konferencii Fomalona i Kopeikina na s'ezde Amerikanskogo Astronomicheskogo Obshestva (press konferenciya byla 7 yanvarya, a stat'ya vyshla uzhe 9-go).
Avtor utverzhdaet, chto v provedennom eksperimente izmeryalas' ne skorost' rasprostraneniya gravitacii, a odin iz postn'yutonovskih parametrov, kotoryi izvesten s ochen' vysokoi tochnost'yu po ryadu eksperimentov (tipa lazernoi lokacii Luny) v Solnechnoi sisteme.
Polovinu stat'i zanimayut slozhnye formuly, no vvedenie i zaklyuchenie prosto zahvatyvayushi.
Authors: Lee Samuel Finn
Commets: 11 pages, 3 figures, to appear in CQG
Journal-ref: Class. Quantum Grav. 20 (21 February 2003) L37-L44
Dva tverdotel'nyh eksperimenta po poisku gravitacionnyh voln - EXPLORER i NAUTILUS - zayavili ob obnaruzhenii statisticheski znachimogo signala ot ploskosti Galaktiki. Avtor stat'i pokazyvaet, chto znachimost' signala byla zavyshena.
Authors: International Gravitational Event Collaboration
Commets: 25 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. IGEC web site: http://igec.lnl.infn.it. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Otricatel'nyi rezul'tat - eto tozhe rezul'tat.
V rezul'tate sovmestnoi raboty 5 detektorov - EXPLORER, NIOBE, ALLEGRO,
AURIGA, NAUTILUS - nichego ne obnaruzheno.
A kakim obrazom byl dostignut etot rezul'tat vy mozhete uznat' iz stat'i.
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
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