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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Mezhzvezdnaya sreda


astro-ph/0207098 The Neutral Atomic Phases of the ISM in the Galaxy
Authors: M. G. Wolfire et al.
Comments: 69 pages plus 17 figures, submitted to ApJ

Znachitel'naya chast' mezhzvezdnoi sredy nahoditsya v vide neitral'nogo vodoroda. V svoei stat'e avtory detal'no issleduyut eto sostoyanie mezhzvezdnoi sredy.

Neitral'nyi vodorod v Galaktike mozhet sushestvovat' v vide holodnogo (T < 300 K) ili teplogo (10^4 K) gaza. Eti dve fazy sosushestvuyut v uzkom diapazone davlenii. V stat'e issleduetsya zavisimost' etogo diapazona ot galaktocentricheskogo rasstoyaniya, a takzhe privoditsya analiticheskaya approksimaciya takoi zavisimosti (chto udobno v prakticheskih primeneniyah). Model' predskazyvaet nalichie neitral'nogo holodnogo vodoroda na rasstoyaniyah 16-18 kpk ot centra Galaktiki.

astro-ph/0207104 The Millennium Arecibo 21-cm Absorption Line Survey. I. Techniques and Gaussian Fits
Authors: Carl Heiles and T.H. Troland
Comments: 70 pages, 20 figures.

astro-ph/0207105 The Millennium Arecibo 21-cm Absorption Line Survey. II. Properties of the Warm and Cold Neutral Media
Authors: Carl Heiles and T.H. Troland
Comments: 65 pages, 16 figures

V pervoi stat'e daetsya obzor teorii izmereniya chetyreh parametrov Stoksa. Zatem eta teoriya primenyaetsya v nablyudeniyam 79 istochnikov. Vo vtoroi stat'e detal'no issleduyutsya svoistva mezhzvezdnogo neitral'nogo vodoroda v okrestnostyah Solnca.


astro-ph/0207156 NE2001.I. A New Model for the Galactic Distribution of Free Electrons and its Fluctuations
Authors: J. M. Cordes and T. J. W. Lazio
Comments: 21 pages, 16 figures, instructions for downloading software

Kak opredelyayut rasstoyaniya do dalekih radiopul'sarov? Dlya etogo izpol'zuyut t.n. meru dispersii. Potom, znaya raspredelenie elektronov po luchu zreniya poluchayut rasstoyanie. No otkuda my berem raspredelenie elektronov? Imenno iz takih statei kak eta!

Predydushaya model' raspredeleniya byla dana v 1993 g. Teilorom i Kordesom. Togda prishlos' sushestvenno peresmotret' rasstoyaniya do pul'sarov v storonu uvelicheniya, chto privelo, sootvetstvenno, k uvelicheniyu ih skorostei i obostreniyu problemy "skorosti otdachi" pri rozhdenii neitronnyh zvezd. Novaya model' ne vedet k takim revolyucionnym preobrazovaniyam. Odnako, dlya nekotoryh obektov rasstoyanie dolzhno byt' sushestvenno peresmotreno.

astro-ph/0211163 Evolyuciya zvezdoobrazovaniya, soderzhaniya metallov i gazovoi sostavlyayushei (The evolution of cosmic star formation, metals and gas)
Authors: F. Calura, F. Matteucci
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of: The Evolution of Galaxies. III: From simple approaches to self-consistent models (Kiel, Germany, July 2002)

Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi avtory rasskazyvayut o svoei rabote po izucheniyu himicheskoi evolyucii galaktik i svyazannyh s etim voprosah. Buduchi napisannoi ochen' yasnym yazykom, zametka mozhet byt' interesna kak nekotoroe vvedenie (na konkretnom primere) v dannuyu oblast'. Odnako, v svyazi s kratkost'yu teksta neobhodimo znanie osnov zvezdnoi astrofiziki i fiziki galaktik.


astro-ph/0211616 Turbulentnost' v mezhzvezdnoi srede: energetika i podderzhivayushie mehanizmy (Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium: Energetics and Driving Mechanisms)
Authors: Mordecai-Mark Mac Low
Commets: 10 pages, for publication in a proceedings issue of Astrophysics & Space Science recording the conference "From Observations to Self-Consistent Modeling of the Interstellar Medium"

Esli ischeznet istochnik energii, to turbulentnost' mezhzvezdnoi sredy ochen' bystro zatuhnet. Avtor proveril 6 vozmozhnyh istochnikov energii: magnitovrashatel'nuyu neustoichivost', gravitacionnuyu neustoichivost', istecheniya iz protozvezd, rasshirenie oblastei H II, zvezdnye vetra i vspyshki sverhnovyh. Poslednii mehanizm - namnogo moshnee vseh predydushih, veroyatno on i podderzhivaet turbulentnost' v mezhzvezdnoi srede. V stat'e vy naidete interesnye ocenki.


astro-ph/0212288 Rol' magnitnyh polei v spiral'nyh galaktikah (The Role of Magnetic Fields in Spiral Galaxies)
Author: Rainer Beck
Commets: 10 pages with 3 figures.

Mezhzvezdnye magnitnye polya dostatochno sil'ny: do 25.10-6 G v spiral'nyh vetvyah i do 40.10-6 G vblizi yader galaktik. V spiral'noi galaktike NGC 6946 srednyaya plotnost' energii magnitnyh polei vyshe, chem teplovoi energii gaza. Magnitnye polya kontroliruyut evolyuciyu plotnyh oblakov i, vozmozhno, global'nuyu effektivnost' zvezdoobrazovaniya. Potoki gaza i udarnye volny v spiral'nyh vetvyah i barah modificiruyutsya magnitnymi polyami. I tak dalee ...


astro-ph/0301013 Poisk pokrytii zvezd temnymi oblakami (A Search for Stellar Obscuration Events due to Dark Clouds)
Authors: A.J. Drake and K.H. Cook
Commets: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ

Celyi ryad nablyudatel'nyh faktov ukazyvaet na sushestvovanie temnyh gazovyh oblakov nebol'shogo razmera: otkrytie populyacii slabyh submillimetrovyh istochnikov, izbytok gamma-fona ot galo Galaktiki i izbytochnoe rasseyanie izlucheniya ot vnegalakticheskih radioistochnikov. Eti oblaka dolzhny proyavlyat'sya pri nablyudenii obychnyh zvezd v vide pokrytii. Dlya poiska byli vzyaty nablyudatel'nye dannye eksperimenta MACHO v kotorom dlya poiska gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya odnovremenno nablyudalos' 48 x 106 zvezd baldzha Galaktiki i Magellanovyh Oblakov. Ukazanii na sushestvovanie oblakov s poglosheniem Av > 0.2 i massami v intervale 10-4-10-2 Mo obnaruzheno ne bylo.


obzor astro-ph/0301093 Zvezdoobrazovanie opredelyaemoe sverhzvukovoi turbulentnost'yu (Control of star formation by supersonic turbulence)
Authors: Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Ralf S. Klessen
Commets: Invited review for "Reviews of Modern Physics", 86 pages, 33 figures. This is the first draft. Comments and suggestions are very welcome, please contact mordecai@amnh.org or rklessen@aip.de

Klassicheskoe (Dzhinsovskoe) uslovie nachala kollapsa protozvezdnogo oblaka vyvoditsya iz balansa energii. No sreda iz kotoroi obrazuyutsya zvezdy ochen' sil'no turbulizovana. I avtory predlagayut "novuyu paradigmu" soprovozhdaya ee etoi knigoi. Rabota mne kazhetsya ochen' interesnoi i poleznoi, no ona, bezuslovno, prednaznachena dlya specialistov - astronomov, fizikov, gidrodinamikov.


obzor astro-ph/0301381 Zvezdoobrazovanie v turbulentnom mezhzvezdnom gaze (Star Formation in Turbulent Interstellar Gas)
Authors: Ralf S. Klessen
Commets: 33 pages, incl. 11 figures, to appear in Reviews of Modern Astronomy, Vol. 16 (high-resolution version at http://www.aip.de/~ralf/Publications/r01.abstract.html)

Sovremennye raschety i nablyudeniya pokazyvayut, chto dlya processa formirovaniya zvezd turbulentnost' okazyvaetsya vazhnee mnogih drugih faktorov (naprimer, vazhnee magnitnogo polya). V obzore podrobno rassmatrivaetsya vliyanie sverhzvukovoi turbulentnosti na zvezdoobrazovanie. Upor delaetsya v osnovnom na teoriyu, a ne na nablyudeniya.


miniobzor astro-ph/0302254 Pochemu stoit izuchat' mezhzvezdnuyu sredu vblizi Solnca? (Why Study Interstellar Matter Very Close to the Sun?)
Authors: P. C. Frisch
Commets: 10 pages, 4 figures; Proceedings Houston 2002 COSPAR Outer Heliosphere meeting

Avtor vydelyaet takie prichiny:
1. Mezhzvezdnaya sreda zadaet usloviya na geliosfere.
2. Neizvestno mnogo vazhnyh detalei o himii mezhzvezdnoi sredy, kotorye mozhno uznat', nablyudaya nashi blizhaishie okrestnosti.
3. Issledovanie nashih blizhaishih okrestnostei pozvolyaet uznat' mnogo novogo o turbulentnosti v mezhzvezdnoi srede.

Ob ostal'nom - v stat'e.


astro-ph/0302460 Mozhet li prozrachnaya skrytaya materiya porozhdat' opticheskie scintillyacii? (Does Transparent Hidden Matter Generate Optical Scintillation?)
Authors: M. Moniez (France)
Commets: 16 pages, 12 eps figures. Submitted to A&A

Zvezdy mercayut iz-za togo, chto ih svet prohodit cherez zemnuyu atmosferu. Pohozhii effekt proishodit s izlucheniem vnegalakticheskih istochnikov, kogda ono prohodit po veshestvu nashei Galaktiki. Rassmotreny vozmozhnye rezhimy scintillyacii vnegalakticheskih istochnikov, harakternye vremena peremennosti i metody ih registracii.


miniobzor! astro-ph/0302470 Modelirovanie mezhzvezdnoi sredy. Chert pryachetsya v detalyah: pokazhite mne vash OVI i ya pokazhu vam svoi (In ISM Modeling, The Devil is in the Details: You Show Me Your OVI and I'll Show You Mine)
Authors: Donald P. Cox
Commets: To be published in "From Observations to Self-Consistent Modelling of the ISM in Galaxies", eds. M. Avillez & D. Breitschwerdt, Kluwer Astrophys. & Space Sci. Series

"Metry rasskazyvayut..." Neprostoe eto delo modelirovat' mezhzvezdnuyu sredu.


astro-ph/0302566 Obrazovanie pyli v pervyh galaktikah (Dust Formation In Early Galaxies)
Authors: H L. Morgan, M G. Edmunds
Commets: Submitted MNRAS, 17 pages with 19 figs

Pyl' v dalekih galaktikah stala ochen' vazhnym yavleniem v svyazi s ispol'zovaniem sverhnovyh dlya opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov. Vyskazyvayutsya somneniyu, chto pravil'no uchten vklad pyli v oslablenie sveta sverhnovyh. V dannoi stat'e avtory issleduyut process obrazovaniya pyli v pervyh galaktikah ("pervye" - nemnogo uslovno, rech' idet o krasnyh smesheniyah >1). Rezul'tat sostoit v tom, chto dazhe na z>5 pyli mozhet byt' mnogo.

astro-ph/0303182 Uravnenie dvizheniya chastic proizvol'noi formy v pole izlucheniya (Equation of Motion for an Arbitrarily Shaped Particle Moving in a Radiation Field)
Authors: Jozef Klacka

Avtor vyvel kovariantnye uravneniya dvizheniya chastic pyli proizvol'noi formy v kotoryh uchityvaetsya vliyanie vneshnei elektromagnitnoi radiacii i teplovogo izlucheniya samih chastic. Uravneniya vyrazheny cherez standartnye opticheskie parametry. [Ne ponyatno, zachem dlya pyli vyvodit' relyativistskoe uravnenie dvizheniya? Vprochem eto nikogda i nigde ne meshaet.]


lekciya astro-ph/0303272 Obilie elementov v kosmose (Element Abundances through the Cosmic Ages)
Authors: Max Pettini
Commets: Lectures given at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, osmochemistry: The Melting Pot of Elements'. To be published by Cambridge University Press; 42 pages, 33 figures

Bol'shoi material, gde v "pedagogicheskoi" forme izlozheny sovremennye dannye po nablyudeniyu obiliya elementov ot nashim okrestnostei do bol'shih krasnyh smeshenii. Konechno zhe, opisyvaetsya i teoretieskoe ponimanie etoi problemy.


astro-ph/0303280 Obrazovanie raspredeleniya dvoinyh sistem po orbital'nym periodam v rezul'tate vozdeistviya mezhzvezdnoi turbulentnosti (A Turbulent Interstellar Medium Origin of the Binary Period Distribution)
Authors: Robert T. Fisher
Commets: 40 pages, 7 figures

Opisana poluempiricheskaya model' obrazovaniya dvoinyh sistem. Osnovnye orbital'nye parametry svyazany s parametrami turbulentnosti v materinskom molekulyarnom oblake. Kachestvenno avtoru udaetsya ob'yasnit' osnovnye svoistva raspredelenii dvoinyh po periodam i nekotorye drugie korrelyacii.


astro-ph/0303322 Modelirovanie mestnoi i global'noi mezhzvezdnoi sredy s bol'shim razresheniem (High Resolution Simulations of the Global and Local ISM)
Authors: Miguel A. de Avillez, Dieter Breitschwerdt
Commets: 7 pages, 3 Figures that include 4 simulation images (in jpeg format) and 2 plots (in ps format), to appear in the proceedings of "Star Formation Through Time" - A conference to honour Roberto J. Terlevich, ASP Conference Series

V rabote provedeno modelirovanie struktury mezhzvezdnoi sredy na raznyh masshtabah. Dostignuto vysokoe razreshenie (0.625 pk). Takzhe udalos' poluchit' strukturu, podobnuyu Mestnomu puzyryu (Local Bubble). Vazhnym rezul'tatom yavlyaetsya malaya ob'emnaya dolya goryachego gaza.

Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
Publikacii so slovami: astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
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