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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie

astro-ph/0207006 The Microlensing Event MACHO-99-BLG-22/OGLE-1999-BUL-32: An Intermediate Mass Black Hole, or a Lens in the Bulge
Authors: D.P. Bennett et al.
Comments: 11 pages with 2 color Figures

K "goryachim" temam bezuslovno otnosyatsya mikrolinzy. Metod mikrolinzirovaniya pozvolyaet "uvidet' nevidimoe", mozhno opredelyat' parametry temnyh ob'ektov, esli oni vystupayut v roli gravitacionnyh linz (sm. obzor v stat'e Zaharova i Sazhina v UFN 1998).

Chem dol'she prodolzhitel'nost' epizoda linzirovaniya tem bol'she (pri prochih ravnyh parametrah) massa linzy. Esli eto temnyi massivnyi ob'ekt, to eto chernaya dyra! Avtory stat'i obsuzhdayut samyi dlitel'nyi sluchai mikrolinzirovaniya MACHO-99-BLG-22/OGLE-1999-BUL-32. V rezul'tate predpolagaetsya, chto ob'ekt mozhet byt' chernoi dyroi s massoi 100 mass Solnca!!!!! Eto udivitel'no, t.k. zvezdnye chernye dyry obychno imeyut massy poryadka 10 mass Solnca (sm., naprimer, obzor Cherepashuka v UFN).

Odnako, est' eshe odna vozmozhnost'. Esli linza nahoditsya daleko, to ee massa mozhet byt' men'she. V takom sluchae, polagayut avtory raboty, linza mozhet byt' obychnoi chernoi dyroi ili neitronnoi zvezdoi v baldzhe Galaktiki.

astro-ph/0207025 The Point-Agape survey: No Need for Machos in M31 ?
Authors: S. Paulin-Henriksson et al. (The POINT-AGAPE Collaboration)

I snova mikrolinzy. Na etot raz nablyudeniya Tumannosti Andromedy (M31). S pomosh'yu drugoi tehniki (piksel'noe mikrolinzirovanie, v etom sluchae zvezdy ne razreshayutsya, a nablyudatel' vidit tol'ko povyshenie potoka v odnom iz elementov matricy) issleduetsya galo blizhaishei krupnoi galaktiki.

Rezul'tatom raboty yavlyaetsya nablyudenie 4 sluchaev linzirovaniya. Odin iz chetyreh epizodov svyazan so zvezdoi v baldzhe M31, tri drugih mozhno ob'yasnyat' kak zvezdami, tak i massivnymi kompaktnymi ob'ektami galo (MACHO). Na osnovanii etogo avtory delayut neozhidannyi vyvod, chto ih vyborka ne trebuet prisutstviya MACHO.

obzor! astro-ph/0207032 Strong and weak lensing by galaxy clusters
Author: Matthias Bartelmann
Comments: 7 pages, no figures

Korotkii, no ponyatnyi obzor po problemam linzirovaniya na skopleniyah galaktik. Takzhe perechislyayutsya osnovnye rezul'taty, poluchennye dannym metodom.

astro-ph/0207086 Constraints on Jupiters from observations of Galactic Bulge microlensing events during 2000
Authors: Yiannis Tsapras et al.

Est' li planety u mikrolinz? V stat'e avtory, ispol'zuya nedavnie nablyudeniya vos'mi sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya, delayut vyvod ob otsutstvii "yupiterov" u etih ob'ektov.

astro-ph/0207139 Cosmological parameters from lensed supernovae
Authors: A. Goobar et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Avtory issleduyut vozmozhnost' opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov po nablyudeniyam linzirovannyh sverhnovyh. Takie nablyudeniya stanut obychnym delom s zapuskom novyh kosmicheskih apparatov SNAP i NGST. S pomosh'yu etih sputnikov mozhno budet nablyudat' sotni sverhnovyh s mnozhestvennymi izobrazheniyami (t.e. iz-za linzirovaniya budet vidno neskol'ko izobrazhenii odnogo istochnika).

Tochnye izmereniya uglovogo rasstoyaniya mezhdu izobrazheniyami, otnosheniya potokov ot raznyh izobrazhenii i vremennoi zaderzhki pozvolyat poluchat' dannye o kosmologicheskih parametrah.

Avtory obsuzhdayut istochniki sistematicheskih oshibok.


astro-ph/0207604 Microlensing optical depth towards the Galactic bulge from MOA observations during 2000 with Difference Image Analysis
Authors: T. Sumi et al.
Comments: 59 pages and 26 figures, submitted to the ApJ

Summiruyutsya rezul'taty gruppy MOA po nablyudeniyam mikrolinzirovaniya na galakticheskom baldzhe, vypolnennye v 2000 g. Vsego zaregistrirovano 28 sobytii. Rezul'taty v obshem nahodyatsya v soglasii s dannymi grupp MACHO i OGLE. Vazhnym rezul'tatom yavlyaetsya maloe kolichestvo linz s malen'kimi massami (korichnevyh karlikov). Obsuzhdaetsya, kak rezul'taty po mikrolinzirovaniyu mogut pomoch' v izuchenii ekzoplanet.



obzor! astro-ph/0207616 The Search for Matter with Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Joachim Wambsganss
Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 Latex style file - To appear in Where's the Matter? Tracing Bright and Dark Matter with the New Generation of Large Scale Surveys', Eds. M. Treyer & L. Tresse (Frontier Group, 2002)

Daetsya obzor po linzirovaniyu: ot planetnyh mass do skoplenii galaktik. Osobenno obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' registracii temnogo veshestva (kak barionnogo tak i nebarionnogo).


astro-ph/0208210 Angular Radii of Stars via Microlensing
Authors: B. Scott Gaudi et al.
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJ

Avtory predlagayut metodiku, pozvolyayushuyu opredelyat' radiusy zvezd (gigintov i glavnoi posledovatel'nosti) s ochen' vysokoi tochnost'yu. Dlya etogo trebuyutsya odnovremennye fotometricheskie nablyudeniya linzirovaniya i astrometricheskie izmereniya. Odnako, vse eto delo budushego. Krome togo, ocenki samih avtorov pokazyvayut, chto rech' mozhet idti vsego o sotni gigantov i desyatke zvezd glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Umestno napomnit', chto seichas radiusy zvezd (blizkih gigantov) mogut byt' izmereny neposredstvenno. Krome togo, radiusy zvezd udaetsya nablyudat' pri pokrytii zvezd lunoi. Takzhe neplohie ocenki radiusov mozhno poluchat' po nablyudeniyam zatmennyh peremennyh. No vo vseh etih metodah ne dostigaetsya 5-ti procentnaya tochnost', kotoruyu obeshayut avtory novoi metodiki.


astro-ph/0208500 On Relativistic Corrections to Microlensing Effects: Applications to the Galactic Black Hole
Authors: A.O. Petters
Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures

Odinochnye chernye dyry mozhno obnaruzhivat' po effektu mikrolinzirovaniya (sm. Agol i dr. 2002 astro-ph/0203257). Odnako, v etom sluchae tradicionnye formuly mikrolinzirovaniya (vypisyvaemye dlya ob'ektov tipa obychnyh zvezd ili planet) nuzhdayutsya v utochnenii. Petters rassmatrivaet relyativistskie popravki dlya mikrolinzirovaniya na chernyh dyrah.


astro-ph/0209210 Probing the dark energy with strong lensing by clusters of galaxies
Authors: M. Sereno
Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures, A&A in press

Po mneniyu avtora, sil'noe linzirovanie na skopleniyah galaktik mozhet dat' vazhnuyu informaciyu o kosmologicheskih parametrah. Znaya polnuyu massu skopleniya i ee raspredelenie, mozhno, naprimer, otvetit' na vopros uskoryaetsya ili zamedlyaetsya rasshirenie Vselennoi, takzhe mozhno uznat' uravnenie sostoyaniya temnoi energii. Dan primer rassmotreniya konkretnoi sistemy - skopleniya CL 0024+1654. Rezul'taty okazyvayutsya v sootvetstvii s uzhe standartnoi model'yu ploskoi uskoryayusheisya Vselennoi, v kotoroi dominiruet temnaya energiya.


obzor astro-ph/0209263 Gravitational Lensing at Millimeter Wavelengths
Authors: Tommy Wiklind, Danielle Alloin
Comments: 69 pages, Review on quasar lensing. Part of a LNP Topical Volume on "Dark matter and gravitational lensing", eds. F. Courbin, D. Minniti. To be published by Springer-Verlag 2002. Paper with full resolution figures can be found at ftp://oden.oso.chalmers.se/pub/tommy/mmviews.ps.gz

Daetsya detal'nyi obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya izucheniya vnegalakticheskih gravitacionnyh linz v mililmetrovom i submillimetrovom diapazonah. Obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnosti budushih proektov (ALMA).


astro-ph/0209297 Gravitational lensing by spherically symmetric lenses with angular momentum
Authors: M. Sereno, V.F. Cardone
Comments: 6 pages, To appear in A&A

Avtory rassmatrivayut linzirovanie na sfericheskoi linze, obladayushei zametnym momentom vrasheniya. Eto mozhet byt' vazhno dlya linzirovaniya na belyh karlikah i galaktikah. Effekt okazyvaetsya poryadka 0.1%.


astro-ph/0210370 Acceleration and Parallax Effects in Gravitational Microlensing
Authors: M. C. Smith, S. Mao, B. Paczynski
Comments: 24 pages, 5 figures (in colour). Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Prodolzhaetsya perehod ot prosteishih modelei mikrolinzirovaniya ko vse bolee i bolee prodvinutym. V dannoi stat'e obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' nalichiya uskoreniya v otnositel'nom dvizhenii istochnika, linzy i nablyudatelya. Vazhno, chto raznye tonkie effekty mogut imitirovat' drug druga. Chast' stat'i posvyashena imenno etoi probleme.


obzor astro-ph/0210478 Mining Weak Lensing Surveys
Authors: N. Padmanabhan, U. Seljak, U.L. Pen
Commets: Submitted to New Astronomy. High resolution version available at http://feynman.princeton.edu/~paddy

Kakie kosmologicheskie rezul'taty mozhno budet poluchit' na osnove eksperimentov po slabomu linzirovaniyu sleduyushego pokoleniya, v kotoryh budet izmereno poryadka 105 galaktik? Etomu voprosu posvyashen dannyi obzor. Osobyi upor delaetsya na algoritmy obrabotki kart iskazhenii i sravnenie s chislennymi (N-body) modelyami.


obzor, missiya astro-ph/0210554 Blizkoe mikrolinzirovanie i ego vliyanie na nablyudenie prohozhdenii po disku zvezd v eksperimente Kepler (Near-Field Microlensing and Its Effects on Stellar Transit Observations by Kepler)
Authors: Kailash C. Sahu (Space Telescope Science Institute) and Ronald L. Gilliland (Space Telescope Science Institute)
Commets: 34 pages, including 15 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal

Osnovnaya cel' kosmicheskogo eksperimenta "Kepler" - poisk planet u blizhaishih zvezd po izmeneniyu ih bleska v hode prohozhdeniya planety po disku zvezdy. NASA predpolagaet issledovat' bolee 100,000 zvezd spektral'nyh klassov F, G i K za 4 goda nablyudenii. Kepler smozhet poluchat' fotometriyu zvezd s tochnost'yu 90 mikro-zvezdnyh velichin (9x10-5zv.velichiny) pri 15 minutnoi ekspozicii.

Effekt mikrolinzirovaniya deistvuet v storonu protivopolozhnuyu zatmeniyu (prohozhdeniyu), t.e. ne oslablyaet, a usilivaet blesk zvezdy. No obychno dlya planet etim effektom mozhno prenebrech' - iz-za togo, chto razmer zvezdy velik i usilivaetsya (linziruetsya) izluchenie tol'ko ot nebol'shoi chasti ee poverhnosti. Drugoi prichinoi yavlyaetsya to, chto sami planety perekryvayut chast' potoka usilivaemogo izlucheniya, esli oni raspolozheny blizko k zvezde. Odnako, esli zvezda v sisteme kompaktna (v pervuyu ochered' ei mozhet byt' goryachii belyi karlik) i/ili planeta raspolozhena dostatochno daleko, to effekt mikrolinzirovaniya mozhet okazat'sya sushestvennym i dazhe perekryt' ospablenie iz-za prohozhdeniya.

Eti i blizkie k nim voprosy dostatochno podrobno i neslozhno rassmotreny v dannom obzore.


astro-ph/0210604 Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie na 75 gradusah obzora CTIO (Weak Lensing Results from the 75 Square Degree CTIO Survey)
Authors: M. Jarvis, G. Bernstein, B. Jain, P. Fischer, D. Smith, J.A. Tyson, D. Wittman
Commets: 41 pages, submitted to AJ 10/5/2002

Slayuoe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie ne ochen' sil'no izmenyaet blesk linzirovannyh galaktik, no zametno menyaet ih formu (vytyagivaet v kakot-to napravlenii). Prichem u sosednih ob'ektov iskazheniya odinakovo orientirovany, chto pozvolyaet otdelit ih ot sobstvennoi formy i orientacii ob'ektov.

V dannoi rabote byli izmereny elliptichnosti 2 millionov galaktik so zvezdnoi velichinoi R<23 v 12 daleko raznesennyh ploshadkah obshei ploshal'yu 75 kvadratnyh gradusov. Byli vyyavleny tipichnye dlya gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya iskazheniya ("E-mode"), prichem na masshtabah ~30' iskazheniya galaktik horosho korrelirovali drug s drugom. Na osnove etih dannyh polucheny organicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry (\sigma_8 i \Omega_m), kotorye horosho soglasuyutsya so snacheniyami poluchennymi drugimi metodami.

V pervoi polovine stat'i detal'no opisan metod slabogo linzirovaniya, vo vtoroi - obsuzhdayutsya ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry i proizvoditsya sravnenie s drugimi eksperimentami.


astro-ph/0211227 Opredelenie tangencial'nyh pekulyarnyh skorostei skoplenii galaktik s pomosh'yu gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (Determining Tangential Peculiar Velocities of Clusters of Galaxies using Gravitational Lensing)
Authors: S.M.Molnar and M.Birkinshaw
Commets: Comments: LateX, 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Part 1 of The Astrophysical Journal

Kak voobshe mozhno izmerit' skorosti poperechnyh dvizhenii dalekih galaktik? Radial'nye skorosti izmeryayutsya po effektu Dopplera, a s poperechnymi do poslednego vremeni bylo ploho. Peremeshenie galaktiki na nebe (sobstvennoe dvizhenie) zametit' nel'zya - ono ochen' malo. Krome togo galaktika ne tochechnyi ob'ekt i ee smeshenie trudno tochno opredelit'. Poperechnyi effekt dopplera tozhe ne rabotaet, dlya nego nuzhny relyativistskie skorosti.

V etoi stat'e predlozheny srazu dva novyh metoda ih izmereniya. (1) Po otnositel'nomu dvizheniyu dvuh sozdannyh linzoi izobrazhenii dalekoi fonovoi galaktiki. (2) Po raznosti krasnyh smeshenii u raznyh izobrazhenii odnogo ob'ekta. Nepodvizhnaya gravitacionnaya linza ne menyaet dlinu volny istochnika, dvizhushayasya - menyaet, prichem eto izmenenie proporcional'no skorosti dvizheniya linzy. Oba metoda opredelyayut poperechnuyu skorost' dvizheniya linzy. Dlya ih illyustracii rassmotreno skoplenie galaktik CL 0024+1654.


astro-ph/0211389 Izobrazheniya dlya izotermicheskoi ellipsoidal'noi gravitacionnoi linzy s pomosh'yu odnogo deistvitel'nogo algebraicheskogo uravneniya (Images for an Isothermal Ellipsoidal Gravitational Lens from a Single Real Algebraic Equation)
Authors: Hideki Asada, Takashi Hamana, Masumi Kasai
Commets: 5 pages; accepted for publication in A&A

Esli gravitacionnaya linza ne obladaet sfericheskoi simmetriei, no sozdavaemye ei izobrazheniya imeyut dostatochno slozhnyi vid. Zato eta situaciya sushestvenno bolee obshaya, chem sluchai sfericheskoi linzy. I ee okazyvaetsya mozhno opisat' odnim algebraicheskim uravneniem! Interesuyushiesya gravitacionnymi linzami - vpered (no prigotov'tes' k slozhnoi matematike).


astro-ph/0211401 Massivnye skopleniya galaktik kak gravitacionnye teleskopy dlya udalennyh sverhnovyh (Massive galaxy clusters as gravitational telescopes for distant supernovae)
Authors: Christofer Gunnarsson and Ariel Goobar (Stockholm University)
Commets: 9 pages, 16 figures, submitted to A&A

Skoplenie galaktik na z~0.3-0.5 mozhet sdelat' sushestvenno yarche raspolozhennuyu za nim sverhnovuyu. Na skol'ko? Kak chasto eto budet proishodit'? V kakom fil'tre ih luchshe nablyudat'? Eti i ryad drugih voprosov rassmotreny v dannoi stat'e.


miniobzor astro-ph/0212009 Gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie i problema temnoi materii: rezul'taty i perspektivy (Gravitational Microlensing and Dark Matter Problem: Results and Perspectives)
Authors: A.F. Zakharov
Commets: 8 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at the XIII National Conference of Yugoslav Astronomers, October 17, 2002, Belgrade

V nachale polezno prochest' kratkoe vvedenie v mikrolinzirovanie, predstavlennoe v stat'e A.F. Zaharova. Zdes' opisyvayutsya teoreticheskie osnovy yavleniya, a takzhe privodyatsya osnovnye dostignutye na nastoyashii moment rezul'taty.

astro-ph/0212023 Vozmozhnoe planetarnoe sobytie OGLE-2002-BLG-055 (A Possible Planetary Event OGLE-2002-BLG-055)
Authors: M. Jaroszynski, B. Paczynski
Commets: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Acta Astronomica

Zatem mozhno prochest' pro vozmozhnuyu registraciyu mikrolinzirovaniya na planete. Sobytie interpretiruetsya kak linzirovanie na dvoinom ob'ekte: zvezda+planeta. Massa poslednei poryadka massy Yupitera. K sozhaleniyu, dannyh po etomu sobytiyu malo, a potomu avtory predlagayut izmenit' strategiyu eksperimenta OGLE, chtoby imet' vozmozhnost' bolee detal'nogo izucheniya podobnyh yavlenii.

astro-ph/0212041 Peremennost' absorbcionnyh linii, vyzvannaya mikrolinzirovaniem (Microlensing induced absorption line variability)
Authors: Geraint F. Lewis, Rodrigo A. Ibata
Commets: 10 Pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS - Figures reduced

Mikrolinzirovanie pomogaet izuchat' ne tol'ko ob'ekty galo ili baldzha nashei Galaktiki, no i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Avtory predlagayut metod issledovaniya samyh vnutrennih chastei kvazarov.

astro-ph/0212013 Fitirovanie gravitacionnyh linz (Fitting Gravitational Lenses: Truth or Delusion)
Authors: N.W. Evans, H.J. Witt
Commets: 12 pages, submitted to MNRAS

Ne stoit zabyvat' i o sil'nom linzirovanii, t.e. linzirovanii na massivnyh vnegalakticheskih ob'ektah. V etoi rabote avtory predlagayut novuyu metodiku obrabotki dannyh, kotoraya pozvolyaet poluchat' iz teh zhe nablyudenii bolee polnuyu (i odnoznachnuyu) informaciyu o strukture linz.

astro-ph/0212014 Pyat' let zvezdnogo kino (Five Years at the Movies)
Authors: N.W. Evans, V. Belokurov
Commets: 10 pages, Proceedings of the Third Sakharov Conference, eds A. Semikhatov et al., (Scientific World, Moscow). (A succinct version of the plenary lecture)

GAIA - astrometricheskii sputnik novogo pokoleniya. Seichas aktivno obsuzhdaetsya, kakie rezul'taty mogut byt' polucheny s pomosh'yu etogo instrumenta. Avtory koncentriruyutsya na dvuh voposah, odnim iz kotoryh yavlyaetsya t.n. astrometricheskoe mikrolinzirovanie. V dannom effekte proishodit ne izmenenie bleska zvezdy, a izmenenie ee polozheniya, chto mozhno zaregistrirovat' s pomosh'yu takogo tochnogo pribora kak GAIA.

astro-ph/0212176 Ogranicheniya na temnuyu materiyu po 5 godam eksperimenta EROS (Limits on Galactic Dark Matter with 5 Years of EROS SMC Data)
Authors: EROS Collaboration
Commets: 6 pages, 3 figures

Pyat' let proekt EROS kazhduyu noch' nablyudaet za Malym Magellanovym Oblakom v poiskah sobytii gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya. V hode etogo eksperimenta byli zafiksirovany chetyre ochen' dlinnyh sobytiya, kotorye, vozmozhno, proizvedeny linzami ne prinadlezhashimi galo Galaktiki. Iz etih dannyh mozhno poluchit' ogranichenie, chto ne bolee 25% massy galo mozhet soderzhat'sya v ob'ektah sostoyashih iz temnoi materii s massami ot 2.10-7 Mo do 1 Mo.


astro-ph/0212345 Nanolinzirovanie gamma-vspleskov (Nanolensing of gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: Mark A. Walker (Sydney Uni, Australia Telescope National Facility Raman Research Institute), Geraint F. Lewis (Sydney Uni & Anglo-Australian Observatory)
Commets: 28 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ

Nekotorye teorii ob'yasnyayut izmenenie svetimosti kvazarov na intervalah vremeni poryadka goda effektami mikrolinzirovaniya na telah planetnyh mass, raspredelennyh v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve. No takie mikrolinzirovanie mozhet ob'yasnit' svoistva gamma-vspleskov. Maksimal'noe usilenie potoka dostigaetsya pri peresechenii sistemy kaustik, podobnyh pokazannym na risunke. Pri nalichii bol'shogo kolichestva linz struktura kaustik stanovitsya ochen' slozhnoi i ih peresechenie mozhet ob'yasnit' vse nablyudaemoe raznoobrazie vremennyh profilei gamma-vspleskov. Zametim, chto zdes' budut ochen' sil'ny parallakticheskie effekty i dazhe dostatochno blizkie nablyudateli budut videt' vspleski s profilyami raznoi formy. Po krainei mere kakaya-to chast' gamma-vspleskov mozhet ob'yasnyat'sya podobnym obrazom.


astro-ph/0301197 Izmenenie rasstoyaniya mezhdu izobrazheniyami v gravitacionnoi linze PKS 1830-211 (Changes in the measured image separation of the gravitational lens system, PKS 1830-211)
Authors: C.Jin, M.A. Garrett, S. Nair, R.W. Porcas, A.R. Patnaik, R. Nan
Commets: 8 pages, 5 figures

V techenie 14 nedel' s pomosh'yu VLBA na chastote 43 GGc stroilis' karty gravitacionnoi linzy PKS 1830-211. Za eto vremya rasstoyanie mezhdu centrami izobrazhenii izmenilos' na 87 mikro uglovyh sekundy.




astro-ph/0302325 Mikrolinzirovanie v napravlenii Magellanovyh Oblakov: priroda linz i temnaya materiya (Microlensing towards the Magellanic Clouds: Nature of the Lenses and Implications for Dark Matter)
Authors: Kailash C. Sahu (Space Telescope Science Institute)
Commets: 15 pages, including 4 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the STScI Symposium on "Dark Universe: Matter, Energy, and Gravity"

Iz 17 sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya, zaregistrirovannyh v napravlenii Magellanovyh Oblakov, dlya 4 izvestna ocenka rasstoyaniya do linzy i vo vseh etih sluchayah linzy nahodilis' v Magellanovyh Oblakah, a ne v Mlechnom Puti. Massy linz, esli oni raspolozheny v nashei Galaktike lezhat v intervale 0.5-2Mo, dlya Magellanovyh Oblakov - okolo 0.2Mo. Vklad linz v nevidimoe veshestvo - ot 0 do 5%.

astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A

Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]


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