The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Neitrino
Author: G.G.Raffelt
Comments: Contribution to Dennis Sciama Memorial Volume of NAR
Nesmotrya na otkrytie neitrinnyh oscillyacii sobstvenno massy neitrino ostayutsya neizvestnymi. V stat'e obsuzhdayutsya kosmologicheskie predely na massy neitrino (naibolee sil'nyi seichas sleduet iz obzora krasnyh smeshenii galaktik 2dF vkupe s teoriei obrazovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury). Takzhe obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnaya rol' neitrino v obrazovanii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii.
Authors: T. Montaruli (for the ANTARES Collaboration)
Comments: Submitted to ICHEP02 Conference, 31st Int. Conf. on High Energy Physics, 24-31 July 2002, Amsterdam. LaTeX, 10 pages, 9 figures
Proekt ANTARES eto morskoi neitrinnyi teleskop. On dolzhen byt' postroen v Sredizemnom more na glubine 2.4 km. Predpolagaemaya data okonchaniya stroitel'stva 2004 g. Ustanovka budet samoi bol'shoi v Evrope (est' eshe Antarktida i Yaponiya). ANTARES eto pervyi shag na puti k kilometrovomu (kubicheskii kilometr) detektoru v more.
Authors: J. Ahrens, X. Bai, G. Barouch, S.W. Barwick, et al. (The AMANDA Collaboration)
Comments: 46 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Ap.J
Opisan poisk tochechnyh istochnikov vysokoenergichnyh neitrino na detektore AMANDA. Rezul'tat poiska otricatel'nyi, odnako samo opisanie predstavlyaet interes.
Authors: Steen Hannestad
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk at the XXth Internat. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2002), Munich, Germany, May 25-30, 2002
Daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya t.n. neitrinnoi kosmologii.
Authors: John N. Bahcall
Comments: Invited talk, Neutrino 2002, Munich, May 2002
Daetsya istoricheskii obzor 40-letnih issledovanii v oblasti sozdaniya solnechnyh modelei v neitrinnoi astrofizike.
Authors: John F. Beacom
Comments: Invited talk at the XXth International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2002), Munich, Germany, May 25-30, 2002
Daetsya obzor neitrinnoi fiziki i astrofiziki v prilozhenii k vspyshkam sverhnovyh. Krome etogo predstavleny original'nye rezul'taty, kasayushiesya detektiroaniya neitrino ot sverhnovyh.
Authors: D.F. Cowen (for the AMANDA Collaboration)
Comments: Invited talk at the XXth International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2002), Munich, Germany, May 25-30, 2002
Predstavleny novye rezul'taty AMANDY, poluchennye kak na starom, tak i na obnovlennom oborudovanii. Nikakih superotkrytii net. Povyshaetsya statistika, utochnyaetsya fon. Est' predvaritel'nye dannye po poisku istochnikov neitrino sverhvysokih energii (sm. takzhe astro-ph/0211269).
Authors: Steven W. Barwick, for the AMANDA collaboration
Commets: 13 pages, 14 figures, Slightly updated from manuscript submitted to SPIE Conference (Hawaii, 2002). Sky plot and preliminary limits given for point sources using AMANDA-II. First report on GRB search using AMANDA-II
Teleskop AMANDA registriruet vysokoenergichnye neitrino po cherenkovskomu izlucheniyu porozhdennyh pri stolknovenii s yadrami elektronov i myuonov v antarkticheskom l'du. Pervaya polovina stat'i - kak eto rabotaet i chto sdelano. Nikakih osobenno novyh rezul'tatov tut net. Eta chast' stat'i ochen' napominaet vyshedshuyu dnem ran'she publikaciyu astro-ph/0211264 (predydushii abstrakt). Vtoraya polovina stat'i posvyashena proektu AMANDA-II - planiruemomu uluchsheniyu tekushego varianta ustanovki (ona stanet bol'she po razmeram i luchshe po chuvstvitel'nosti) - i tomu, chto s ee pomosh'yu smogut uvidet'.
Authors: E. Waxman
Commets: 10 pages, Invited talk, Neutrino 2002 (Munich)
Obsuzhdayutsya istochniki neitrino vysokih energii i neitrinnye teleskopy, sposobnye ih zaregistrirovat'. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto teleskopy dolzhny byt' Gigatonnymi, chto sootvetstvuet vodyanomu (ledyanomu) kubu s rebrom 1 km. Takie teleskopy i planiruetsya postroit' v nedalekom budushem.
Authors: G.V. Domogatskii (for the Baikal collaboration)
Commets: 8 pages, 5 figures. Invited talk at the XXth International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2002), Munich, Germany, May 25-30,2002
Eksperiment Baikal - eto podvodnyi cherenkovskii teleskop na kotorom registriruyut neitrino sverhvysokih energii i nekotorye drugie ekzoticheskie chasticy. Eksperiment dlitsya uzhe bolee 10 let. Ego sovremennomu sostoyaniyu i poluchennym rezul'tatam posvyashen dannyi obzor.
Authors: R. G. Daghigh and J. I. Kapusta
Commets: 13 pages, 4 figures
Chernye dyry isparyayutsya (process Hokinga). Po mere umen'sheniya massy chernoi dyry potok izlucheniya ot nee i ego temperatura rastut. Mikroskopicheskie dyry uzhe mogut ispuskat' ne tol'ko fotony, no i chasticy obladayushie nenulevoi massoi pokoya. Takim obrazom ot mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr ottekaet potok ochen' goryachego veshestva. Eto veshestvo izluchaet neitrino. Krome togo neitrino ispuskayutsya samoi chernoi dyroi. Spektr neitrinnogo izlucheniya v diapazone energii ot 1 GeV do plankovskoi energii dlya poslednih neskol'kih chasov sushestvovaniya mikroskopicheskoi chernoi dyry rasschitany v dannoi rabote.
Authors: G.J. Gounaris and G. Moultaka
Commets: 6 pages, no figures. e-mail: gounaris@physics.auth.gr Report-no: THES-TP 2002/03, PM/02-55
Eksperimenty poslednih let ustanovili, chto razlichnye sorta neitrino smeshivayutsya (perehodyat drug v druga) i dostatochno sil'no ogranichili vozmozhnye znacheniya parametrov smeshivaniya. A kak budut raspredeleny po aromatam (sortam) neitrino prihodyashie iz kosmosa? V dannoi rabote daetsya prostoi analiticheskii otvet na etot vopros.
Authors: John N. Bahcall, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, C. Penya-Garay
Commets: Background information at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb
hep-ph/0212147
Solnechnye neitrino do i posle KamLAND
(Solar Neutrinos Before and After KamLAND)
Commets: Added discussion of matter effects in KamLAND. Conclusions
unchanged. Editorial corrections made
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto novye dannye eksperimentov pozvolyayut kachestvenno uluchshit' verhnii predel na dolyu CNO cikla v svetimosti Solnca. Teper' etot predel sostavlyaet vsego 7 s nebol'shim procentov. Standartnaya model' predskazyvaet, chto dolya dolzhna byt' poryadka 1.5% ot Solnechnoi svetimosti, poetomu neobhodimy novye eksperimenty.
Vtoraya stat'ya teh zhe avtorov, pomeshennaya v hep-ph razdele Arhiva, posvyashena, razumeetsya, blizkoi problematike. Avtory rassmatrivayut, chto dayut novye dannye, poluchennye na KamLAND, dlya solnechnyh neitrino.
Pozhalui samym vazhnym yavlyaetsya utverzhdenie o tom, chto LMA (malen'kie ugly smeshivaniya) yavlyaetsya edinstvennym resheniem na urovne 4.7 sigma. Krome togo, nalagayutsya ochen' sil'nye ogranicheniya na dolyu steril'nyh neitrino sredi bornyh. Nu i konechno, avtory otmechayut, chto nestandartnye solnechnye modeli isklyuchayutsya na ochen' vysokom urovne dostovernosti.
Takzhe sm. stat'yu V. Barger, D. Marfatia "KamLAND and solar neutrino data eliminate the LOW solution" hep-ph/0212126. I stat'yu "The Solar Neutrino Problem after the first results from Kamland" hep-ph/0212146.
Authors: P. Barbeau, J.I. Collar, J. Miyamoto, I. Shipsey
Commets: Presented at the 2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Norfolk VA, November 10-16. Submitted to IEEE Tran. Nucl. Sci. Five pages, eight figures
"Registraciya rasseyaniya na yadrah nizkoenergichnyh (< neskol'kih desyatkov MeV) neitrino - svyatoi graal' sovremennoi neitrinnoi fiziki." Ochen' slozhnaya eksperimental'naya zadacha, nesmotrya na to, chto kogerentnoe rasseyanie na yadrah gorazdo bolee effektivno, chem vzaimodeistvie s otdel'nymi nuklonami. Razlichnye aspekty dannoi problemy podrobno rassmotreny. Avtory predlagayut ispol'zovat' Micropattern Gas Detectors, sdelannye iz nizkoradioaktivnyh materialov dlya registracii takih neitrino i proveli nekotorye eksperimental'nye testy.
[Prim.: A ved' est' eshe reliktovye neitrino ...]
Authors: E.N.Alexeyev, L.N.Alexeyeva
Commets: latex, 7 pages, 2 eps figures, JETP, vol.95, pp.5-10 (2002)
V stat'e summiruyutsya rezul'taty 20 let raboty Baksanskogo neitrinnogo teleskopa. Krome vspyshki sverhnovoi 1987A nikakih drugih vspleskov obnaruzheno ne bylo. Eto pozvolyaet dat' vazhnoe ogranichenie na temp poyavleniya sverhnovyh v nashei Galaktike: rezhe chem 0.13 v god.
Authors: Soebur Razzaque et al.
Commets: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Esli gamma-vspleski mogut byt' svyazany so sverhnovymi, to vozmozhna i svyaz' mezhdu vspleskom i ostatkom sverhnovoi. Eto proizoidet, esli est' nebol'shaya zaderzhka mezhdu sbrosom veshestva obolochki i prihodom "ognennogo shara" ili relyativistskogo dzheta. V takom sluchae uskorennye protony naletyat na ostatok. Eto mozhet privesti k generacii neitrino. Avtory rassmatrivayut etot process i prihodyat k vyvodu, chto esli sdelannye predpolozheniya verny, to sleduyushee pokolenie kilometrovyh detektorov smozhet poimat' takie neitrino.
Konec 2002 g. otmechen eshe dvumya stat'yami po gamma-vspleskam: "Polarized Gravitational Waves from Gamma-Ray Bursts" astro-ph/0212539, "Constraining the Structure of GRB Jets Through the Afterglow Light" astro-ph/0212540". Vo vseh stat'yah tak ili inache obsuzhdayutsya dzhety, svyazannye so vspleskami.
Authors: Hisakazu Minakata and Hiroaki Sugiyama (Tokyo Metropolitan U.)
Commets: RevTeX4, 13 pages with 6 figures
S ispol'zovaniem dannyh, poluchennyh v reaktornom eksperimente KamLAND, byli peresmotreny ogranicheniya na massy i smeshivanie neitrino. Naibol'shii ves v etih ogranicheniyah igraet nizhnyaya ocenka chastoty bezneitrinnogo dvoinogo beta-raspada i reaktornye eksperimenty po poisku oscillyacii neitrino. V predpolozhenii, chto neitrino yavlyayutsya Maioranovskimi, polucheny sleduyushie ogranicheniya: vklad neitrino v plotnost' veshestva vo Vselennoi \Omega\nu <= 0.070 h-2, <m>\beta\beta < 0.35 eV (90% uroven' znachimosti).
Authors: F. Halzen
Commets: Latex2.09, uses crckapb.sty (included), 31 pages, 13 postscript figures placed with epsfig.sty. Talk presented at the 9th Course of Astrofundamental Physics, International School of Astrophysics D. Chalonge, Palermo, Sicily, Sept. 2002
Obzor po sovremennoi astronomii neitrino vysokih energii s sootvetstvuyushim istoricheskim vvedeniem. Mnogo vnimaniya udelyaetsya sovremennym eksperimentam - AMANDA, DUMAND, IceCube. Obzor horosho proillyustrirovan, naprimer, tak vyglyadit spektr zhestogo fona fotonov na energiyah vyshe 1 GeV.
Authors: G. Fiorentini, T. Lasserre, M. Lissia, B.Ricci, S.Schonert
Commets: 12 pages, RevTeX file, 3 ps figures included in the correct order
KamLAND - teper' izvestneishii eksperiment
(sm. bol'shoi svezhii obzor "Neutrino Properties Before and After KamLAND"
hep-ph/0301061).
Pohozhe, chto v etom eksperimente byli vpervye zaregistrirovany neitrino
obrazovavshiesya pri raspade radioaktivnyh elementov
(urana i toriya) v nedrah Zemli (
9 geo-neitrino).
Vozmozhno eto edinstvennyi put'
napryamuyu uznat' chto proishodit u nas pod nogami.
Authors: A. Ringwald (DESY)
Commets: 8 pages, 4 figures, ws-procs9x6.cls; talk presented at the Workshop on Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM 2002), October 2-5, 2002, Heidelberg, Germany Report-no: DESY 03-005
Obnaruzhenie takih neitrino - nedostizhimaya mechta celogo pokoleniya astrofizikov (i fizikov). Odin iz putei - Z-rezonans - vzaimodeistvie (annigilyaciya) neitrino sverhvysokih energii (~1022 eV) s sootvetstvuyushimi reliktovymi antichasticami. Sushestvovanie takogo processa mozhet byt' obnaruzheno po "linii poglosheniya" v spektre neitrino na samyh vysokih energiyah (vblizi GZK-zavala).
Authors: S. Esposito, G. Mangano, G. Miele, I. Picardi, and O. Pisanti
Commets: 41 pages, 11 eps figures
Bol'shoi obzor v duhe "neitrinnaya fizika dlya astronomov". Na pozdnih stadiyah evolyucii zvezd dlya teplovogo balansa ochen' vazhnymi okazyvayutsya neitrinnye poteri. V obzore avtory podrobno rassmatrivayut temp neitrinnyh poter' (t.e. ohlazhdeniya) pri usloviyah, sootvetstvuyushih nedram zvezd. Stat'ya slozhnaya (s astronomicheskoi tochki zreniya): mnogo formul i t.d. Dazhe ispol'zovanie rezul'tatov stat'i ne budet dlya astronoma legkim delom, no "komu seichas legko?"
Authors: S.M. Bilenky, C. Giunti, J.A. Grifols, E. Masso
Commets: 92 pages. Revised version, including KamLAND results
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi massam neitrino (vklyuchaya samye poslednie rezul'taty).
Authors: Subir Sarkar (Oxford)
Commets: Invited contribution to a special issue of the Proceedings of the Indian National Academy of Sciences, 20 pages, 5 figures (includes new WMAP results)
Obzor posvyashen reliktovym neitrino, ih roli v obrazovanii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury, kosmologicheskie ogranicheniyam chisla tipov neitrino.
Authors: F. Halzen
Commets: 26 pages, Latex2e with ws-procs9x6.cls (included), 13 postscript illustrations
Kosmicheskie luchi otkryty sto let nazad, no problema ih uskoreniya do sih por ne reshena. Mozhet byt' v etom pomogut planiruemye ochen' krupnye proekty: detektor atmosfernyh livnei ploshad'yu 10000 km2, massiv cherenkovskih teleskopov i kilometrovyi detektor neitrino. V obzore rassmoterny sleduyushie voprosy:
- chasticy naivysshih energii i GZK zaval;
- poisk "kosmicheskii uskoritelei" chastic;
- mehanizm uskoreniya "sverhu-vniz";
- TeV-nye gamma-kvanty ot blazarov;
- vzaimodeistve ul'traenergichnyh fotonov s infrakrasnym diffuznym foton i s molekulyarnymi oblakakmi;
- kilometrovaya naitrinnaya observatoriya.
Authors: G.G.Raffelt
Commets: 12 pages, Proceedings Texas in Tuscany, Dec. 2002
Korotkii obzor po prilozheniyam poslednih neitrinnyh rezul'tatov v astrofizike. Osnovnye temy: temnaya materiya, nukleosintez i sverhnovye.
Authors: M. Ambrosio et al.
Commets: 29 pages, 15 eps figures Report-no: Auger-GAP-2003-013
Osnovnaya tema stat'i - chislennoe modelirovanie atmosfernyh livnei. Corsika - programma Monte-Karlo modelirovaniya livnya, a Herwin - vysokoenergichnyh sobytii (mozhe Monte-Karlo).
Authors: Christian Spiering
Commets: 11 pages, 15 figures. Talk given at the 18th European Cosmic Ray Conference, Moscow 2002, and the 8th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors, Siena 2002
Nebol'shoi obzor rezul'tatov poslednego desyatiletiya po TeV'nym i PeV'nym neitrino: metody registracii, sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy detektorov.
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