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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

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astro-ph/0207229 Comment on "Does the rapid appearence of life on Earth suggest that life is common in the Universe"
Author: V.V. Flambaum
Comments: 2 pages, RevTex

"Est' li zhizn' na Marse, net li zhizni na Marse. Nauke eto neizvestno, nauka poka ne v kurse dela".

Ochen' korotkaya polemicheskaya zametka v otvet na stat'yu lyudei, schitayushih, chto zhizn' vo Vselennoi eto obychnoe delo.


astro-ph/0207231 MOND--theoretical aspects
Author: Mordehai Milgrom
Comments: 21 pages, Submitted to New Astr. Review. Based on a talk presented at the MOND workshop, Paris, October 2001

Kto skazal, chto sovremennaya nauka pogryazla sama v sebe? Vot, naprimer MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics. Teoriya yavlyaetsya al'ternativoi temnoi materii. Al'ternativa plohaya, opisyvaet tol'ko chast' effektov, a chto delat' s ostal'nymi ne znaet. No tem ne menee. Diskussii idut...


gr-qc/0207073 Boson Stars with Self-Interacting Quantum Scalar Fields
Authors: Jeongwon Ho, F.C. Khanna, Chul H. Lee
Comments:18 pages, Revtex

Lyubitelyam ekzotiki. Est' (v teorii konechno) eshe i takie: bozonnye zvezdy. V stat'e, krome novyh rezul'tatov, mozhno naiti ssylki na pervye stat'i, v kotoryh byli predlodeny stol' ekzoticheskie ob'ekty.


gr-qc/0208005 Satellite E\"ov\"os Test of the Weak Equivalence Principle for Zero-Point Vacuum Energy
Authors: J. W. Moffat, G. T. Gillies
Comments: 8 pages. Latex file. No figures

Predlagaetsya povtorit' eksperiment Etvesha po proverke slabogo principa ekvivalentnosti, no na etot raz v kosmose. Obsuzhdaetsya svyaz' predpolagaemyh rezul'tatov s kosmologicheskim chlenom.

obzor! astro-ph/0208182 Antimatter from primordial black holes
Authors: Aurelien Barrau
Comments: proceedings of the XIVth Rencontres de Blois : Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry

Pervichnye chernye dyry poka ne otkryty. Samyi izvestnyi predel na ih prostranstvennuyu plotnost' stavitsya po gamma-nablyudeniyam. Odnako, pri isparenii takzhe izluchayutsya antiprotony i voobshe antiyadra. Sootvetstvenno, nablyudeniya teh zhe antiprotonov mogut svidetel'stvovat' o sushestvovanii pervichnyh chernyh dyr (i naoborot). V obzore obsuzhdayutsya poslednie rezul'taty po issledovaniyam antiprotonov i antideitronov v svyazi s izucheniem pervichnyh chernyh dyr.


astro-ph/0208384 Comment on "Black holes constrain varying constants"
Authors: V.V. Flambaum
Comments: 2 pages, RevTex

V poslednee vremya intensivno obsuzhdaetsya vopros o vozmozhnom izmenenii vazhnyh fizicheskih konstant (v pervuyu ochered' postoyannoi tonkoi struktury) so vremenem. Nelishne otmetit', chto v nashei strane etimi issledovaniyami aktivno zanimalas' i zanimaetsya gruppa Varshalovicha v FTI im. Ioffe.

Postoyannaya tonkoi struktury vybrana nesluchaino. Ee evolyuciyu legko nablyudat' po spektram dalekih vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov (naprimer, kvazarov). Odnako, kak izvestno, v formulu postoyannoi vhodit elementarnyi zaryad, skorost' sveta i postoyannaya Planka. V svyazi s etim obsuzhdaetsya problema "a chto zhe sobstvenno-to izmenyaetsya?" Kto-to govorit, chto izmenyat'sya mogut tol'ko bezrazmernye velichiny, a ostal'noe - ot lukavogo. Kto-to, chto izmenenie elementarnogo zaryada povlechet za soboi umen'shenie entropii chernyh dyr, chto zapresheno (Davies et al. Nature 418). Vot s etoi poslednei tochkoi zreniya i sporit v svoei zametke Flambaum. Ego vyvod takov: model'no-nezavisimye teoreticheskie rassuzhdeniya pro chernye dyry ne mogut dat' nikakih ogranichenii na vozmozhnuyu variaciyu fundamental'nyh konstant.



astro-ph/0208403 Inelastic Dark Matter at DAMA, CDMS and Future Experiments
Authors: David R. Smith, Neal Weiner
Comments: 4 pages; to appear in the proceedings of 5th International UCLA Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (DM 2002), Marina del Rey, California, 20-22 Feb 2002

Eksperiment DAMA v 2000 g. (Phys. Lett. B 480, 23) zayavil o vozmozhnom obnaruzhenii godichnoi modulyacii signala, kotoraya mozhet svidetel'stvovat' o registracii ustanovkoi chastic temnoi materii (slabovzaimodeistvuyushih massivnyh chastic). Pri etom drugoi eksperiment, CDMS, zayavil ob otsutstvii signala. Avtory stat'i pytayutsya naiti reshenie, pri kotorom dannye obeih ustanovok sovmetimy drug s drugom (pri etom, razumeetsya, DAMA prosto "vidit" chasticy, a CDMS - net, tak chto mozhno rassmatrivat' stat'yu kak popytku spasti reputaciyu Damy).


astro-ph/0209265 Ex-nihilo: Obstacles Surrounding Teaching the Standard Model
Authors: Kevin A. Pimbblet
Comments: 6 pages. Accepted for publication in Physics Ed

Moe lichnoe ubezhdenie sostoit v tom, chto 11-tiklassniki pri izuchenii kursa astronomii dolzhny poznakomit'sya s dvumya fundamental'nymi faktami. Odin - sintez elementov vo Vselennoi (my vse sostoim iz "zvezdnogo veshestva"). Vtoroi - razbeganie galaktik (v prostorech'e - "rasshirenie Vselennoi"). V svoei stat'e Kevin Pimbblet rassmatrivaet izvestnuyu problemu: chto meshaet shkol'nikam pravil'no usvoit' vtoroi fakt (vklyuchaya prosteishee opisanie modeli bol'shogo vzryva i t.p.).


astro-ph/0209337 Cosmic Numbers: A Physical Classification for Cosmological Models
Authors: P.P. Avelino, C.J.A.P. Martins
Comments: 3 pages, no figures

Snova o variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Est' takoi vopros: kakie postoyannye mogut izmenyat'sya? Naprimer, esli my izmerili izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury, to menyaetsya li ona sama vcelom, ili izmenyayutsya kakie-to (kakie?) iz vhodyashih v nee konstant? Avtory i pytayutsya razobrat'sya v etih voprosah.


gr-qc/0209049 Dispelling the Anthropic Principle from the Dimensionality Arguments
Authors: Zhong Chao Wu
Comments: 7 pages, Essay

Esse. Etim mnogoe skazano. Avtor rassuzhdaet o tom, chto v d=11 supergravitacii estestvennym obrazom my okazyvaemsya v 4-mernom "normal'nom" prostranstve. Tak chto, schitaet kitaiskii uchenyi, net neobhodimosti v primenenii antropnogo principa v kosmologii.


obzor astro-ph/0209488 Time evolution of the fine structure constant
Authors: M. T. Murphy et al.
Comments: Invited review at the XXII Physics in Collision Conference (PIC02), Stanford, CA, USA, June 2002, 11 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps figures. PSN FRA

Daetsya obzor sovremennyh dannyh po izmereniyu variacii fundametal'nyh konstant po nablyudeniyam linii v spektrah kvazarov. Avtory polagayut, chto est' sil'nye ukazaniya (5 sigma) na nalichie variacii, no rezul'tat nuzhdaetsya, po ih mneniyu, v podtverzhenii. V svyazi s etim obsuzhdayutsya budushie nablyudeniya.



astro-ph/0210124 Quantum-Gravity Analysis of Gamma-Ray Bursts using Wavelets
Authors: J. Ellis et al.
Comments: 27 pages, 9 figs

Mnogie modeli kvantovoi gravitacii predskazyvayut "pennuyu" strukturu prostranstva-vremeni. Avtory issleduyut vozmozhnost' obnaruzheniya rezul'tatov vzaimodeistviya gamma-kvantov s etoi prostranstvenno-vremennoi penoi. Dlya etogo issleduyutsya profili gamma-vspleskov. Estestvenno, poluchen lish' verhnii predel na masshtab kvantovoi gravitacii: 6.9 1015 GeV.


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astro-ph/0210299 Does the proton-to-electron mass ratio vary in the course of cosmological evolution?
Authors: A.Ivanchik et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure. Talk presented at the JENAM 2002 Workshop on Varying Fundamental Constants, Porto, 4th September 2002. To be published in the Conference Proceedings

Napomnim o tom, chto v poslednee vremya diskussiya o variacii fundamental'nyh konstant pereshla v novoe ruslo: "a chto sobstvenno menyaetsya?" Skorost' sveta, massy ili zhe vse-taki ih kombinaciya (t.e. bezrazmernaya velichina). Napomnim takzhe o tom, chto odna iz vedushih grupp po eksperimental'nomu izucheniyu variacii konstant rabotaet v FTI im. Ioffe.

V stat'e rossiiskie uchenye v soavtorstve s francuzskimi astronomami opisyvayut issledovaniya spektrov kvazarov, pozvolyayushie nalozhit' samyi zhestkii na segodnyashnii den' predel na izmeneniya otnosheniya massy protona k masse elektrona. Samoi variacii otnosheniya net (ili skazhem tak, net signala o variacii na urovne treh standartnyh otklonenii).



astro-ph/0210358 Testable anthropic predictions for dark energy
Authors: J. Garriga, A. Vilenkin
Comments: 21 pages, 3 figures

Antropnyi princip yavlyaetsya ochen' populyarnym podhodom v popytkah dat' otvety na "proklyatye" voprosy kosmologii. V svoei stat'e Garriga i Vilenkin pytayutsya ne tol'ko chto-to ob'yasnyat', no i predskazyvat': vklad kosmologicheskogo chlena, budushee "shlopyvanie" Vselennoi... Chast' iz ih predskazanii mozhno proverit', chast' (po ih zhe sobstvennomu mneniyu) - net.


astro-ph/0210417 Prostoi sposob polucheniya i interpretaciya tret'ego integrala v zvezdnoi dinamike (A simple derivation and interpretation of the third integral in Stellar Dynamics)
Author: Donald Lynden-Bell (The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, Pasadena, USA, The Institute of Astronomy and Clare College, Cambridge, UK.)
Commets: 3 Pages, Latex, No Figures. Submitted to MNRAS

Donal'd Linden-Bell - klassik zvezdnoi dinamiki. Pervye ego raboty poyavilis' bolee 40 let nazad.

V osesimmetrichnyh sistemah evolyucioniruyushih po deistviem sobstvennoi gravitacii sushestvuyut po krainei mere dva integrala dvizheniya - energiya i proekciya uglovogo momenta na os' simmetrii. Povedenie sistemy v sluchayah kogda sushestvuyut tol'ko dva ukazannyh integrala dvizheniya i v sluchae, kogda est' eshe odin - tretii - integral, sushestvenno razlichno. Eto vazhno dlya issledovaniya celogo ryada voprosov zvezdnoi dinamiki.

Odnako do sih por ne bylo sposoba nahozhdeniya tret'ego integrala dlya mnogih sistem. V dannoi zametke takoi sposob predlozhen, snachala on rassmatrivaetsya v prosteishem sluchae "zadachi dvuh nepodvizhnyh centrov", a zatem i v bolee obshih sluchayah.


astro-ph/0210511 SkyDOT: virtual'naya observatoriya dlya izucheniya peremennyh ob'ektov v LANL [SkyDOT (Sky Database for Objects in the Time Domain): A Virtual Observatory for Variability Studies at LANL]
Authors: P. Wozniak, K. Borozdin, M. Galassi, W. Priedhorsky, D. Starr, W.T. Vestrand, R. White, J. Wren (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
Commets: to appear in SPIE proceedings vol. 4846, 11 pages, 5 figures

Sozdanie virtual'nyh observatorii stanovitsya novym moshnym metodom issledovanii v astronomii. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya virtual'naya observatoriya SkyDOT kotoraya budet ob'edinyat' dannye eksperimentov po poisku gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya i orientirovat'sya na issledovanie opticheskoi peremennosti ob'ektov. Obsuzhdayutsya: struktura bazy dannyh, istochniki informacii, funkcional'nost' sistemy, pol'zovatel'skie interfeisy.


astro-ph/0210531 Tak menyaetsya li postoyannaya tonkoi struktury? Rezul'taty po tret'ei vyborke kvazarov soglasuyutsya s peremennost'yu alpha (Does the fine structure constant vary? A third quasar absorption sample consistent with varying alpha)
Authors: J. K. Webb, M. T. Murphy, V. V. Flambaum, S. J. Curran (UNSW)
Commets: 12 pages, 3 PS/EPS figures. Invited talk presented at JENAM2002 workshop on The Cosmology of Extra Dimensions and Varying Fundamental Constants. To appear in the proceedings

Stat'ya posvyashena populyarnoi v poslednee vremya teme - poisku peremennosti fundamental'nyh postoyannyh (v chastnosti - postoyannoi tonkoi struktury alpha) po astronomicheskim nablyudeniyam. Na teleskope Kek (Keck) byli proizvedeny spektral'nye nablyudeniya 3-i nezavisimoi vyborki kvazarov v intervale krasnyh smeshenii 0.2 < z < 3.7. Rezul'taty poka predvaritel'nye, no oni soglasuyutsya s peremennost'yu alpha: (alphaz-alpha0)/alpha0=-0.57+/-0.10x10-5.


astro-ph/0210627 Radiant meteornogo potoka Leonida v 2001 g. (The radiant of the Leonids meteor storm in 2001)
Authors: Ken'ichi Torii (RIKEN), Mitsuhiro Kohama (RIKEN), Toshifumi Yanagisawa (NAL), Kouji Ohnishi (Nagano NCT, NAOJ)
Commets: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to PASJ

Novaya professional'naya tehnika i metodika registracii meteornyh potokov. Izobrazheniya meteorov poluchalis' s pomosh'yu dvuh fotokamer s CCD-matricami. Linii, poluchennye na izobrazheniyah, ekstrapolirovalis' do ih peresecheniya. Poluchennye koordinaty radianta potoka - (pryamoe voshozhdenie = 154o.35, sklonenie = 21o.55 v epohe J2000) - horosho sovpadayut s teoreticheskimi predskazaniyami.

Pozhaluista, pokazhite etu stat'yu astronomam-lyubitelyam!


astro-ph/0210675 Otbor celei dlya proekta SETI. Katalog blizkih potencial'no obitaemyh sistem. (Target Selection for SETI: 1. A Catalog of Nearby Habitable Stellar Systems)
Authors: Margaret C. Turnbull, Jill C. Tarter
Commets: 42 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ Supp, to appear in v145, March 2003

Institut SETI planiruet v skorom vremeni nachat' novyi proekt po poisku vnezemnogo razuma, a potomu provoditsya rabota po otboru celei. 2000 sistem, otobrannyi dlya proekta Feniks uzhe nedostatochno. V stat'e avtory privodyat spisok potencial'no obitaemyh zvezdnyh sistem v okrestnosti Solnca.


astro-ph/0210694 Katalog USNO-B (The USNO-B Catalog)
Authors: D. Monet, S. Levine, B. Canzian, H. Ables, A. Bird, C. Dahn, H. Guetter, H. Harris, A. Henden, S. Leggett, H. Levison, C. Luginbuhl, J. Martini, A. Monet, J. Munn, J. Pier, A. Rhodes, B. Riepe, S. Sell, R. Stone, F. Vrba, R. Walker, G. Westerhout, R. Brucato, N. Reid, W. Schoening, M. Hartley, M. Read, S. Tritton
Commets: Accepted by Astronomical Journal

USNO-B - katalog vsego neba v kotorom privedeny polozheniya, sobstvennye dvizheniya, zvezdnye velichiny v neskol'kih fil'trah i opredelenie tipa ob'ekta (zvezda ili galaktika). Nazvanie kataloga rasshifrovyvaetsya kak U.S. Naval Observatory, a "B" oboznachaet versiyu (t.k. do USNO-B sushestvovali USNO-A, A1.0 i A2.0). Katalog soderzhit dannye o 1,042,618,261 ob'ektah, poluchennyh po 3,643,201,733 individual'nym izmereniyam 7,435 Shmidtovskih fotoplastinok iz razlichnyh obzorov neba, provodivshihsya za poslednie 50 let. Katalog polon primerno do V=21, ego astrometricheskaya tochnost' - 0.2" na epohu J2000, a fotometricheskaya - 0.3 zvezdnoi velichiny. Avtomaticheskaya klassifikaciya ob'ektov na zvezdy/galaktiki verna s veroyatnost'yu 85%.

Katalog dostupen cherez set' po adresu http://www.nofs.navy.mil.


astro-ph/0211079 Izmereniya gruppovoi skorosti sveta v vode ozera Baikal (Measurements of group velocity of light in the lake Baikal water)
Authors: B.K. Lubsandorzhiev, P.G. Pokhil, R.V. Vasiliev, Y.E. Vyatchin
Commets: 4 pages, 5 figures, talk presented at RICH2002, to be published in NIMA

Kakih tol'ko pobochnyh rezul'tatov ne mogut dat' fundamental'nye issledovaniya. V ozere Baikal provoditsya eksperiment po registracii neitrino sverhvysokih ener Neitrino vybivaet iz molekul vody elektron. On dvizhetsya s relyativistskoi skorost'yu, kotoraya, v svoyu ochered', vyshe skorosti rasprostraneniya sveta v vode. V rezul'tate chego elektron, kak zaryazhennaya chastica, ispuskaet cherenkovskoe izluchenie. Eto sinii svet, kotory v vode ispuskaetsya v osnovnom pod uglom ~42o k napravleniyu dvizheniya elektronov. Takaya vspyshka sveta fiksiruetsya neskol'kimi fotoumnozhitelyami (special'noi konstrukcii, ved' oni raspolozheny gluboko pod vodoi), chto pozvolyaet opredelit' energiyu i napravlenie dvizheniya porodivshego ee neitrino. V svoe vremya eksperimentatoram udalos' izuchit' sezonnye izmereniya prozrachnosti vody (eto parametr kriticheski vazhnyi dlya cherenkovskih detektorov) s tochnost'yu nikogda ranee ne dostigavsheisya ni biologami, ni geofizikami. Teper' udalos' izmerit' skorost' sveta v vode, prichem srazu na neskol'kih dlinah voln: na 370 nm c=2.148.108 m/s, na 470 nm c=2.193.108 m/s, na 520 nm c=2.206.108 m/s (izmereniya velis' na glubine 1100 m ot poverhnosti ozera). Chto eshe dast nam etot eksperiment?


astro-ph/0211081 Spisok yarkih sluchainyh istochnikov observatorii XMM-N'yuton (The XMM-Newton Bright Serendipitous Source Sample)
Authors: R. Della Ceca
Commets: On the behalf of the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre (SSC) CONSORTIUM, 4 pages, 1 figure, Presented at AGN05: Inflows, Outflows and Reprocessing around black holes, Como (Italy), 11-14 June 2002. To appear in the Proceedings

Segodnya v spiske yarkih sluchainyh (ne povtoryayushihsya) istochnikov rentgenovskoi observatorii XMM-N'yuton nemnogim bolee 1000 istochnikov s potokami vyshe Fx>10-13erg/sm2/c na vysokih (|b|>20o) galakticheskih shirotah. Iz nih otozhdestvleny tol'ko chut' bolee 200 ob'ektov. Vse oni v optike imeyut velichinu R~21 i slabee. Sredi etih ob'ektov vstrechayutsya galaktiki s aktivnymi yadrami, skopleniya galaktik, normal'nye galaktiki, lacertidy i zvezd


astro-ph/0211193 Rozhdenie programmy "mgnovennyh snimkov" na Habblovskom teleskope (The Birth of the HST Snapshot Programs)
Authors: John N. Bahcall
Commets: Invited contribution to Hubble History, STScI newsletter Journal-ref: STScI Newsletter, 19, Issue 04, p. 22 (Fall 2002)

Mozhet li ser'eznaya nauchnaya programma rodit'sya v kafeterii? Da, esli tam podayut horoshii kofe, a p'yut ego ser'eznye lyudi. A mozhet li ona probit'sya v svet bez problem? Net. V zametke opisan odin iz epizodov noveishei istorii astronomii ego neposredstvennym uchastnikom. Prichem ochen' zhivym yazykom.


astro-ph/0211203 Global'nyi poisk "zvuchashih meteorov": obzor svidetel'stv ochevidcev (Global Electrophonic Fireball Survey: a review of witness reports - I)
Authors: D.Vinkovic, S.Garaj, P.L.Lim et al
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures, Tex; submitted to WGN, the Journal of the IMO

To, chto prolet nekotoryh meteorov ili bolidov na dostatochnoi vysote nad Zemlei soprovozhdaetsya shipyashimi zvukami na poverhnosti Zemli, izvestno uzhe bolee 300 let. No do sih por polnogo ob'yasneniya etot effekt (nazyvaemyi elektrofonnym) ne poluchil. Schitaetsya, chto plazmennyi shar, okruzhayushii meteor, izluchaet radiovolny, kotorye, dostigaya poverhnosti Zemli odnovremenno so svetom, sozdayut dostatochno sil'noe peremennoe elektricheskoe pole. Imenno ono i porozhdaet zvuk. No dostatochno ser'eznoi teorii etogo processa net, a krainyaya redkost' "zvuchashih meteorov" ne pozvolyaet ih polnocenno eksperimental'no issledovat'. Proekt Global Electrophonic Fireball Survey (Global'nyi poisk meteorov s elektrofonnym effektom) prednaznachen dlya sbora svidetel'stv ochevidcev. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya ryad problem (statistika, sistematicheskie oshibki i t.d.), voznikayushih pri podobnom issledovanii.


Dve stat'i pro nablyudeniya "fona" (t.e. slabyh dalekih istochnikov) na kosmicheskih apparatah v raznyh diapazonah

astro-ph/0211309 Za rentgenovskii fon vmeste s XEUS (Beyond the X-ray background with XEUS)
Authors: A. Comastri, P. Ranalli, M. Brusa
Comments: 5 pages, 3 colour figures. Proc. workshop "XEUS - studying the evolution of the hot universe", MPE report. LaTeX, xeus.cls included

Pervaya stat'ya posvyashena fonu rentgenovskomu. On obespechivaetsya v osnovnom vnegalakticheskimi istochnikami. Seichas sputniki N'yuton i Chandra razreshili znachitel'nuyu chast' fona. Odnako, gryadut novye proekty. Sredi nih XEUS. Avtory obsuzhdayut, chto novogo smozhet dat' etot sputnik dlya issledovaniya fona posle raboty Chandry i N'yutona.


astro-ph/0211310 ISO i kosmicheskii IK fon (ISO and the Cosmic Infrared Background)
Authors: Herve Dole
Comments: Invited Review Talk, 6 pages. To appear in Exploiting the ISO Data Archive - Infrared Astronomy in the Internet Age, 24--27 June 2002, Sig\"uenza, Spain, C. Gry et al. eds., ESA SP-511. Slides of the talk available online at the conference web site: http://www.iso.vilspa.esa.es/meetings/siguenza/schedule.html

Vo vtoroi stat'e rech' idet vo-pervyh ob IK diapazone. A vo-vtoryh o sputnike, kotoryi uzhe dal rezul'taty - ISO. Sputnik rabotal v 1995-98 godah. Eto byl 60-santimetrovyi teleskop, nablyudavshii v diapazone ot 2.5 do 240 mikron. Sredi mnozhestva ego rezul'tatov - glubokie nablyudeniya, pozvolivshie razreshit' fon na istochniki. Eto, kak i v rentgene, v osnovnom vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Takie dannye kraine vazhny dlya ponimaniya processov, opredelyayushih evolyuciyu galaktik.


gr-qc/0211050 Predlozhen novyi test obshei teorii otnositel'nosti (Proposed new test of general relativity)
Authors: Joseph Samuel
Commets: four pages, submitted to PRL

OTO predskazyvaet, chto front ploskoi elektromagnitnoi volny budet iskrivlyat'sya iz-za gravitacionnyh effektov. Dlya tel v Solnechnoi sisteme etot effekt sostavlyaet sekundy i do sih por ne byl zafiksirovan. Odnako, poslednie dostizheniya v tehnike interferometrii so sverhdlinnoi bazoi (VLBI) delayut ego izmerenie vozmozhnym. Avtory opisyvayut podobnyi eksperiment, kotoryi vozmozhno provesti s ispol'zovaniem raspolozhennyh v raznyh tochkah Zemli VLBI-stancii.


astro-ph/0211361 Razrushenie ozona blizkimi sverhnovymi (Ozone Depletion from Nearby Supernovae)
Authors: Neil Gehrels et al
Commets: 24 pages, 4 Postscript figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal, 2003 March 10, vol. 585

Rassmotreno vozdeistvie vspyshki blizkoi sverhnovoi na ozonovyi sloi Zemli. Avtory pokazali, chto blizkaya (<8 pk) sverhnovaya svoim zhestkim izlucheniem mozhet umen'shit' soderzhanie ozona v 2 raza na srok v neskol'ko let. Proishodit eto iz-za rezkogo uvelicheniya v atmosfere soderzhaniya molekul oksidov azota, kotorye intensivno reagiruyut s ozonom i razrushayut ego. Chastota takih vspyshek ocenivaetsya v 1.5.10-9 let-1.


astro-ph/0211379 Vremennye variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury i zakon sohraneniya massy-energii (Time variation of the fine structure constant and mass-energy conservation)
Authors: G. R. Filewood
Commets: Latex2e document. 3 pages

Ochen' korotkaya zametka: esli postoyannaya tonkoi struktury (alpha=e2/hc) menyaetsya so vremenem (sm., naprimer, zdes'), to zakon sohraneniya energii narushaetsya, esli net raspada protonov.


astro-ph/0211397 Vozmozhnyi mehanizm proishozhdeniya elektricheskogo polya vokrug nebesnyh tel (Possible mechanism of electrical field origin around celestial bodies)
Authors: G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
Commets: 5 pages, no figures

U poverhnosti Zemli sushestvuet nebol'shoe elektricheskoe pole. Zemlya otricatel'no zaryazhena. Vse eto horosho izvestnye fakty. Neizvestno kak eto poluchilos'. V ochen' korotkoi zametke avtor pytaetsya obrisovat' vozmozhnyi mehanizm poyavleniya polya u Zemli i u drugih nebesnyh tel. Poyavlenie polya elektricheskogo svyazyvaetsya s medlennymi variaciyami magnitnogo polya etih ob'ektov.


astro-ph/0211492 O raspredelenii ekscentrisitetov slivayushihsya dvoinyh chernyh dyr v sharovyh skopleniyah porozhdaemom effektom Kozai (On the Eccentricity Distribution of Coalescing Black Hole Binaries Driven by the Kozai Mechanism in Globular Clusters)
Authors: Linqing Wen (Caltech)
Commets: 33 pages, including 10 figures and 1 table, submitted to ApJ

Ierarhicheskie troinye sistemy (v kotoryh dva tela obrashayutsya drug vokrug druga na nebol'shom rasstoyanii, a tret'e vokrug nih - na sushestvenno bol'shem) sostoyashie iz chernyh dyr mogut obrazovyvat'sya v sharovyh skopleniyah pri stolknoveniyah dvoinyh chernyh dyr. kakova ih dal'neishaya sud'ba? Sushestvennuyu rol' v nei igraet effekt Kozai - periodicheskie izmenenie ekscentrisitetov vnutrennei i vneshnei orbit komponentov ierarhicheskoi troinoi. Takoe izmenenie orbit vkupe s izlucheniem gravitacionnyh voln privodit k sliyaniyu vnutrennei pary chernyh dyr v sisteme. Na moi vzglyad eto (opisanie effekta Kozai i ego sledstvie) samoe interesnoe v stat'e.

Nu a dal'she idut ocenki mozhno li budet zaregistrirovat' takie chernye dyry na planiruemyh gravitacionnyh detektorah (chto menee interesno).


astro-ph/0212189 Deformiruemye zhidkie ferromagnitnye zerkala - novyi podhod k adaptivnoi optike (Ferrofluid Based Deformable Mirrors - a New Approach to Adaptive Optics Using Liquid Mirrors)
Authors: P. Laird, R. Bergamasco, V. Berube et al
Commets: 9 pages. To appear in SPIE meeting in Hawaii August 2002. Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation

Teleskopy stanovyatsya vse bol'she, vse bol'she stanovitsya potrebnost' v adaptivnoi optike. Avtory ispytali zhidkoe zerkalo, sostoyashee iz ferromagnitnoi zhidkosti (kolloida) na osnove vody i masla, upravlyaemoi magnitnym polem, pokrytoi tonkim sloem otrazhayushego soderzhashego serebro metallokolloida. Polucheny interesnye eksperimental'nye rezul'taty.


astro-ph/0212190 Narushenie lorencevskoi invariantnosti i sinhrotronnoe izluchenie Krabovidnoi tumannosti: novye ogranicheniya sushestvenno vyshe Plankovskogo znacheniya (Lorentz violation and Crab synchrotron emission: a new constraint far beyond the Planck scale)
Authors: T. Jacobson, S. Liberati, and D. Mattingly
Commets: 13 pages, 3 figures

Narushenie lorencevskoi invariantnosti prostranstva-vremeni mozhet proishodit' na energiyah blizkih k Plankovskim i proyavlyat'sya v poyavlenii u fotonov v vakuume dispersii (t.k. ih skorost' budet otlichat'sya ot c). Nablyudeniya sinhrotronnogo izlucheniya Krabovidnoi tumannosti pozvolilo poluchit' novoe ogranichenie na harakternoe znacheniya etoi energii (pri kotoroi dispersiya stanovitsya sushestvennoi) E>4.5.1027 GeV. Eta velichina na 4 poryadka vyshe Plankovskoi energii i na 5 poryadkov vyshe predydushih ogranichenii.


obzor astro-ph/0212295 Termodinamika i samogravitiruyushie sistemy (Thermodynamics and Self-Gravitating Systems)
Author: Joseph Katz (The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel.)
Commets: 35 pages,6 figures

"Nulevym" zakonom termodinamiki yavlyaetsya utverzhdenie, chto termodinamicheskii podhod mozhet primenyat'sya tol'ko k sistemam u kotoryh est' sostoyanie ravnovesiya. A u samogravitiruyushih (gravitacionno-svyazannyh) sistem ego net - v gravitacionnuyu potencial'nuyu yamu (kak i v dolgovuyu) mozhno padat' beskonechno dolgo. Odnako nablyudayushiesya galaktiki i sharovye skopleniya vyglyadyat dostatochno ravnovesnymi. Poetomu postoyanno delayutsya popytki tak modificirovat' klassicheskuyu termodinamiku, chtoby ona mogla primenyat'sya i k zvezdnym skopleniyam. Etomu i posvyashen dannyi obzor ili, skoree, uchebnyi kurs.


astro-ph/0212507 Nablyudeniya gigantskih vspleskov ot Cygnus X-1 (Observations of giant outbursts from Cygnus X-1)
Authors: S. Golenetskii et al.
Commets: 25 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

Opisyvayutsya nablyudeniya gigantskih vspleskov v diapazone 15 - 300 keV ot istochnika, ch'ya oblast' lokalizacii sovpadaet v predelah oshibok s istochnikom Cygnus X-1. Vspyshki nablyudalis' s 1995 po 2002 gg. na razlichnyh kosmicheskih apparatah, vhodyashih v planetarnuyu set' (interplanetary network).


astro-ph/0212511 Termodinamicheskaya strela vremeni (The Thermodynamical Arrow of Time: Reinterpreting the Boltzmann-Schuetz Argument)
Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
Commets: 26 pages, "Foundations of Physics" accepted

Vopros o prirode vremeni - odin iz "proklyatyh" voprosov v sovremennoi (i ne tol'ko) nauke. Navernoe, problema v tom, chto tut prihodit'sya obhodit'sya odnoi golovoi (bez moshnoi fenomenologicheskoi podderzhki i t.p.). Tem ne menee pochitat' rassuzhdeniya neglupogo cheloveka vsegda interesno.


astro-ph/0212529 Obnaruzhenie gigantskih impul'sov ot pul'sara PSR B1112+50 (Detection of Giant Pulses from the Pulsar PSR B1112+50)
Authors: A.A.Ershov, A.D.Kuzmin
Commets: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in: Pis'ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2003, v.29, No.2, p111-115 and will be translated as: Astronomy Letters, v.29, No.2, p.91-95

Obnaruzheno, chto u pul'sara PSR B1112+50 primerno odin iz 150 impul'sov yavlyaetsya gigantskim: v 30 raz bolee intensivnym chem v srednem. Nablyudeniya provodilis' na Pushinskom radioteleskope BSA. Obsuzhdayutsya svoistva etih impul'sov.


astro-ph/0212551 Opredelenie planet podobnyh Zemle s pomosh'yu TPF (Characterizing Earth-like Planets with Terrestrial Planet Finder)
Authors: S. Seager, E.B. Ford, E.L. Turner
Commets: SPIE Proceedings, Future Research Direction and Visions for Astronomy, 8 pages

Vpervye poyavlyaetsya vozmozhnost' otkryvat' i zatem issledovat' vnesolnechnye planety podobnye Zemle. Eto budet delat' apparat TPF (Terrestrial Planet Finder - iskatel' zemlepodobnyh planet). NASA planiruet zapustit' etot apparat primerno v 2015 g. Podobnuyu cel' presleduet proekt Darvin, razrabatyvaemyi Evropeiskim kosmicheskim agentstvom. Na etih apparatah budet vestis' spektral'nyi poisk tak nazyvaemyh "biomarkerov" - takih kak O2, O3, H2O, CO i CH4 - v atmosferah takih planet. Nalichie etih gazov ukazyvaet na prisutstvie zhizni na planete ili, po krainei mere, na vozmozhnost' ee kolonizacii. V etom eksperimente takzhe budut vyyasnyat'sya takie parametry planet, kak ih radius, temperatura poverhnosti, nalichie l'da na poverhnosti, period vrasheniya, sushestvovanie sezonov.

Nalichie rastitel'nosti podobnoi zemnoi mozhet byt' vyyavleno po tak nazyvaemomu "krasnomu krayu" (red edge) primerno na 700 nm. Eta detal' otlichaetsya ot vseh izvestnyh atomnyh i molekulyarnyh spektral'nyh osobennostei. Bolee podrobno etot vopros rassmatrivaetsya v stat'e astro-ph/0212550
S.Seager, E.B.Ford The Vegetation Red Edge Spectroscopic Feature as a Surface Biomarker


astro-ph/0301015 Bozonno-fermionnye zvezdy: issledovanie razlichnyh konfiguracii (Boson-fermion stars: exploring different configurations)
Authors: Alfredo B. Henriques and Luis E. Mendes
Commets: 8 pages

My horosho znaem fermionnye zvezdy - k nim otnosyatsya belye karliki, neitronnye i, poka gipoteticheskie, kvarkovye zvezdy. Bolee dvadcati let nazad byla razrabotana teoriya bozonnyh zvezd - sostoyashih iz tak i ne otkrytyh do segodnyashnego dnya skalyarnyh chastic. No okazyvaetsya est' i smeshannye bozonno-fermionnye konstrukcii, kotorye nastol'ko gibki, chto pozvolyayut s pomosh'yu odnoi modeli ob'yasnit' ogromny ryad yavlenii - ot ob'ektov s atomnymi razmerami i massoi 1018 g, do ob'ektov s galakticheskimi massami, v kotoryh nebol'shoe yadro okruzheno protyazhennoi obolochkoi.

Na segodnya eta model' - skoree igra uma, no vdrug zavtra kto-to Obnaruzhit takuyu zvezdu (ili galaktiku:?)


astro-ph/0301061 "Trebuyutsya astronomy - 2001" (The 2001 Astronomy Job Market)
Authors: Brad K. Gibson
Commets: 2 pages, Summary of a Talk Presented at the 2001 Harley Wood Winter School, June 2001, Lorne, Victoria, Australia
Journal-ref: Astron. Soc. Aus. Newsletter 26 (2002) 4

Est' takoi poleznyi (dlya nekotoryh) sait AAS Job register (hotya, naprimer, mne poziciya nashlas' drugim sposobom - ital'yancy redko vystavlyayut na etot sait informaciyu o svoih poziciyah). Za god tam poyavilos' okolo 300 ob'yavlenii o novyh postdok poziciyah. Avtor daet nekotoryi obzor etogo rynka. Interesno tem, dlya kogo aktual'no :).


astro-ph/0301145 Skorost' rasprostraneniya gravitacii i relyativistskaya zaderzhka vremeni (Propagation Speed of Gravity and the Relativistic Time Delay)
Authors: Clifford M. Will
Commets: 15 pages, 1 figure, to be submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

Ochen' ostraya kriticheskaya stat'ya, opublikovannaya srazu posle press-konferencii Fomalona i Kopeikina na s'ezde Amerikanskogo Astronomicheskogo Obshestva (press konferenciya byla 7 yanvarya, a stat'ya vyshla uzhe 9-go).

Avtor utverzhdaet, chto v provedennom eksperimente izmeryalas' ne skorost' rasprostraneniya gravitacii, a odin iz postn'yutonovskih parametrov, kotoryi izvesten s ochen' vysokoi tochnost'yu po ryadu eksperimentov (tipa lazernoi lokacii Luny) v Solnechnoi sisteme.

Polovinu stat'i zanimayut slozhnye formuly, no vvedenie i zaklyuchenie prosto zahvatyvayushi.


astro-ph/0301162 Yarkie sverhmyagkie rentgenovskie istochniki vo vneshnih galaktikah (Luminous Supersoft X-Ray Sources in External Galaxies)
Authors: R. Di Stefano and A.K.H. Kong (CfA)
Commets: 14 pages, 6 figures, ApJ submitted

Kolichestvo sverhmyagkih rentgenovskih istochnikov so svetimost'yu L > 1037 erg/s v sosednih galaktikah sostavlyaet po krainei mere neskol'ko soten, no mozhet byt' i sushestvenno bol'she. Krome togo:

  1. sredi istochnikov est' gruppa so svetimostyami L > 1037 erg/s;
  2. v spiral'nyh galaktikah M101, M83 i M51 sverhmyagkie istochniki associiruyutsya u spiral'nyh vetvei, chto ukazyvaet na ih nebol'shoi (<108 let) vozrast.


astro-ph/0301184 The phase coherence of light from extragalactic sources - direct evidence against first order quantum gravity fluctuations in time and space
Authors: Richard Lieu, Lloyd W. Hillman
Commets: 9 pages, Accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Vse bolee-menee uvereny, chto na ochen' malen'kih masshtabah (poryadka plankovskogo) svoistva prostranstva-vremeni dolzhny byt' otlichny ot privychnyh nam. Odnako, net nikakih eksperimental'nyh dannyh na etot schet (krome dovol'no plohih verhnih predelov). V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya, kak mozhno takie dannye poluchit' i kakie predely dayut sovremennye nablyudeniya. Avtory predlagayut ispol'zovat' nablyudeniya fazovoi kogerentnosti izlucheniya ot vnegalakticheskih istochnikov dlya polucheniya sootvetstvuyushei informacii (otmetim, chto vnegalakticheskie nablyudeniya v gamma-diapazone uzhe aktivno ispol'zuyutsya dlya poiska masshtaba kvantovoi gravitacii, no poka - predely, predely, predely...). V kachestve illyustracii rassmatrivayutsya nablyudeniya kolec Eiri ot odnoi aktivnoi galaktiki. Razumeetsya, opyat'-taki poka prosto mozhno dat' nekotorye verhnie predely, no metodika interesnaya.


astro-ph/0301252 Evolyuciya rezonansnyh par planet (Evolution of Migrating Planet Pairs in Resonance)
Authors: S.Ferraz-Mello, C.Beauge and T.A.Michtchenko
Commets: submitted to Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy

V rabote dano chislennoe modelirovanie evolyucii pary planet (ili massivnyh sputnikov) nahodyashihsya v rezonanse 2/1 ili 3/1, pod vozdeistviem prilivnyh sil (bez dissipacii).


astro-ph/0301263 Uskorenie chastic putem mnogokratnogo perehoda iz zaryazhennogo sostoyaniya v neitral'noe i obratno (Particle Acceleration through Multiple Conversions from Charged into Neutral State and Back)
Authors: E.V. Derishev et al.
Commets: 18 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Avtory predlagayut novyi metod uskoreniya kosmicheskih luchei. Osnovnaya ideya sostoit v tom, chto chasticy mogut ispytyvat' mnogokratnye perehody i zaryazhennogo sostoyaniya v neitral'noe i obratno (naprimer: proton<->neitron, elektron/pozitron<->foton).

Dannyi metod pozvolyaet uskoryat' chasticy do 1020 eV i vyshe, esli rech' idet o gamma-vspleskah i aktivnyh yadrah galaktik. Na men'shem masshtabe metod rabotaet v mikrokvazarah.

"Pobochnym effektom" dannogo processa yavlyaetsya izluchenie elektromagnitnyh voln i neitrino. Po mneniyu avtorov imenno eto yavlenie mozhet byt' otvetstvenno za gamma-izluchenie kosmicheskih vspleskov (dannyi vopros takzhe rassmatrivaetsya B. Shternom).


obzor astro-ph/0301279 Opredelenie rasstoyanii po planetarnym tumannostyam (Distances from Planetary Nebulae)
Authors: Robin Ciardullo
Commets: 21 pages, Invited review at the International Workshop on "Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale", held in Concepcion, Chile

Izvestna problema "standartnyh svechei". Pro cefeidy (o nih sm. svezhayushuyu rabotu "Calibration of the Distance Scale from Cepheids" astro-ph/0301291) i sverhnovye Ia znayut vse, a vot pro planetarnye tumannosti navernyaka net. Potomu budet nebezinteresno prosmotret' podrobnyi obzor po opredeleniyu rasstoyanii do vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov po nablyudeniyam planetarnyh tumannostei.

Sm. takzhe stat'yu "The Latest Version of the Standardized Candle Method for Type II Supernovae" astro-ph/0301281 po opredeleniyu rasstoyanii po sverhnovym II tipa.


gr-qc/0212121 Postn'yutonovskaya interpretaciya VLBI eksperimenta 8 sentyabrya 2002 goda (Post-Newtonian Treatment of the VLBI Experiment on September 8, 2002)
Authors: Sergei M. Kopeikin (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA)
Commets: 13 pages, small modifications made after the AAS annual meeting in Seattle

Otvet Kopeikina na vozrazheniya po povodu eksperimenta po izmereniyu skorosti rasprostraneniya gravitacii, kotoryi byl vypolnen 8 sentyabrya 2002 goda pri prohozhdenii Yupitera vblizi kvazara J0842+1835.


astro-ph/0301615 Kosmologiya i zhizn' (Cosmology and Life)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 13 pages, no figures or tables. To be published in the proceedings of Carnegie Observatories Centennial Symposium II, "Measuring and Modeling the Universe," held 12-22 November 2002, Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA, USA

Obsuzhdaetsya svyaz' novyh kosmologicheskih otkrytii s problemami sushestvovaniya i razvitiya zhizni vo Vselennoi.


astro-ph/0302095 O novyh testah teorii gravitacii v sil'nyh polyah po izmereniyam gravitacionnogo krasnogo smesheniya atomnyh linii (Towards New Tests of Strong-field Gravity with Measurements of Surface Atomic Line Redshifts from Neutron Stars)
Authors: Simon DeDeo, Dimitrios Psaltis
Commets: 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted to Physical Review Letters

Pokazano, kak dannye po spektroskopii neitronnyh zvezd mogut pomoch' v "ubienii" teorii gravitacii, proshedshih proverku v Solnechnoi sisteme (vsem al'ternativshikam - prochest' i primenit' na praktike!).


astro-ph/0302221 Palomar/las Kampanas atlas izobrazhenii golubyh kompaktnyh karlikovyh galaktik: I. Izobrazheniya i integral'naya fotometriya (Palomar/Las Campanas Imaging Atlas of Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies: I. Images and integrated photometry)
Authors: A. Gil de Paz, B.F.Madore, O.Pevunova
Commets: 25 pages, 3 GIF figures, 2 JPEG figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Figure 3 and FITS images available at

Stat'ya opisyvaet atlas izobrazhenii 114 samyh blizkih k nam golubyh kompaktnyh karlikovyh galaktik. A sam atlas nahoditsya po adresu http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept02/Palco_BCD/frames.html .



!!! astro-ph/0302294 Izmereniya otkloneniya sveta Yupiterom: eksperimental'nye rezul'taty (The Measurement of the Light Deflection from Jupiter: Experimental Results)
Authors: E. B. Fomalont & S. M. Kopeikin

V novoi stat'e v pervuyu ochered' detal'no opisyvaetsya eksperiment i rezul'taty izmerenii. Odnako, est' i razdel "diskussiya", gde "kratko i myagko" obsuzhdaetsya interpretaciya poluchennyh rezul'tatov: t.e. perechislyayutsya vozrazheniya, privodyatsya ssylki na nih i na otvety, a takzhe delaetsya sushestvenno bolee myagkoe utverzhdenie, chto "osnovnoi interpretaciei eksperimenta yavlyaetsya soglasie rezul'tatov s predskazaniyami OTO".



miniobzor astro-ph/0302424 Stohasticheskie yavleniya v zvezdah i istochnikah na vysokih energiyah (Stochastic appearance in stars and high energy sources)
Authors: G.S.Bisnovatyi-Kogan
Commets: 14 pages, 9 figures
Journal-ref: Space Science Review, v.102, pp. 9-22 (2002)

Rasskazyvaetsya o razlichnyh stohasticheskih yavleniyah v astrofizike. Opisyvaetsya 7 tipov yavlenii: dvizheniya zvezd, aktivnye yadra galaktik, oscillyacii zvezd, istochniki zhestkogo izlucheniya (rentgenovskie barstery, gamma-vspleski, stacionarnye rentgenovskie istochniki v tesnyh dvoinyh), sverhnovye (detonacionnyi front v sverhnovyh pervogo tipa), magnitnoe dinamo, dvizhenie komet v Solnechnoi sisteme. Konechno, est' i drugie yavleniya (upomyanem, naprimer, akkreciyu turbulizovannoi sredy), no nel'zya ob'yat' neob'yatnoe, i vybrannyi nabor ochen' i ochen' interesen.


astro-ph/0302459 Temp elektronnogo zahvata na yadrah i prilozheniya k kollapsu yader massivnyh zvezd (Electron capture rates on nuclei and implications for stellar core collapse)
Authors: K. Langanke et al.
Commets: 5 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4

Pokazano, chto v protivorechii s predydushimi issledovaniyami, temp zahvata elektronov na tyazhelyh yadrah dostatochno vysok (ranee schitalos', chto vazhno tol'ko svobodnye protony). Etot rezul'tat vedet k sushestvennomu peresmotru modelei kollapsa.


astro-ph/0302522 Fundamental'noe opredelenie 'radial'noi skorosti' (The fundamental definition of 'radial velocity')
Authors: Lennart Lindegren and Dainis Dravins (Lund Observatory, Sweden)
Commets: 19 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Pri tochnosti izmereniya radial'nyh skorostei zvezd i drugih udalennyh ob'ektov poryadka 1 m/s razlichie mezhdu "astrometricheskoi radial'noi skorost'yu" i "spektroskopicheskoi skorost'yu" stanovyatsya sushestvennymi. Obe eti koncepcii opredeleny v poslednih rezolyuciyah IAU (Mezhdunarodnogo Astronomicheskogo Soyuza) i obsuzhdayutsya v dannoi stat'e.



astro-ph/0303043 Otsutstvie nablyudatel'nyh ukazanii na kvantovuyu strukturu prostranstva-vremeni na plankovskih masshtabah (Lack of observational evidence for quantum structure of space-time at Plank scales)
Authors: R. Ragazzoni, M. Turatto, W. Gaessler
Commets: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepter for ApJL

Mozhno li proshupat' plankovskii masshtab prosto glyadya na dalekie galaktiki i sverhnovye? Okazyvaetsya mozhno! Takaya struktura budet vliyat' na rasprostranenie fotonov. Razumeetsya, na bol'shih rasstoyaniyah effekt budet zametnee. Potomu nablyudaya tochechnyi istochnik (da voobshe, istochnik s izvestnoi "topologiei") mozhno uvidet' ego "rasplyvanie", obuslovlennoi strukturoi prostranstva-vremeni.

V dannoi stat'e avtory ispol'zuyut nablyudeniya dalekoi sverhnovoi i dalekoi (z=5.34) galaktiki. Poka, k sozhaleniyu, polucheny tol'ko verhnie predely...



astro-ph/0303047 Skorost' sveta v gravitacionnom pole (Speed of Light in Gravitational Fields)
Authors: Yukio Tomozawa
Commets: 8 pages

Fakticheski avtor predlagaet pyatyi sposob proverki OTO. Dlya etogo predlagaetsya ispol'zovat' sistemu GPS (Global Positioning System).



astro-ph/0303106 Sistematicheskoe izuchenie rentgenovskoi peremennosti istochnikov ROSATovskogo polnogo obzora neba (A Systematic Study Of X-Ray Variability In The ROSAT All-Sky Survey)
Authors: B. Fuhrmeister, J.H.M.M. Schmitt
Commets: 34 pages, 19 figures, Latex2e. accepted for A&A under H4169

Kolossal'naya rabota. Bol'shuyu chast' stat'i zanimayut tablicy. Avtory poluchili krivye bleska dlya 30 000 istochnikov ROSAT. 1207 klassificirovanny kak peremennye. V osnovnom (767) eto zvezdy, okolo 10 procentov - vnegalakticheskie istochniki. Okolo chetverti ne byli identificirovany. Mozhet byt' sredi nih est' eshe odinochnye molodye neitronnye zvezdy?


hep-ph/0301261 Krossover kvintessenciya i kosmologicheskaya istoriya fundamental'nyh "konstant" (Crossover quintessence and cosmological history of fundamental "constants")
Author: C.Wetterich
Commets: 9 pages,LaTex

Krossover kvintessenciya predskazyvaet, chto naibolee bystrye izmeneniya fundamental'nyh postoyannyh proishodioi na z~2. Vozmozhnye nablyudeniya izmeneniya postoyannoi tonkoi struktury podtverzhdayut dannyoe predskazanie.


astro-ph/0303153 Novye orbity v zadache n-tel (New Orbits for the n-Body Problem)
Authors: R.J. Vanderbei
Commets: 16 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures

Predlozhen metod nahozhdeniya periodicheskih reshenii v probleme n-tel. S ego pomosh'yu naideny neskol'ko chastnyh reshenii dlya n=3, 4 i 5. Nekotorye iz nih (dlya n=4) pokazany na risunke.


astro-ph/0303182 Uravnenie dvizheniya chastic proizvol'noi formy v pole izlucheniya (Equation of Motion for an Arbitrarily Shaped Particle Moving in a Radiation Field)
Authors: Jozef Klacka

Avtor vyvel kovariantnye uravneniya dvizheniya chastic pyli proizvol'noi formy v kotoryh uchityvaetsya vliyanie vneshnei elektromagnitnoi radiacii i teplovogo izlucheniya samih chastic. Uravneniya vyrazheny cherez standartnye opticheskie parametry. [Ne ponyatno, zachem dlya pyli vyvodit' relyativistskoe uravnenie dvizheniya? Vprochem eto nikogda i nigde ne meshaet.]


astro-ph/0303242 Avtomodel'noe reshenie tret'ego roda v zadache sil'nogo vzryva (Self-similarity of the Third Type in the Strong Explosion Problem)
Author: Andrei Gruzinov (NYU)
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures

Reshenie zadachi o sil'nom vzryve v veshestve so stepennym raspredeleniem plotnosti obladaet avtomodel'nost'yu. Dlya pokazatelya adiabaty 5/3 resheniya v srede s alpha<3 (alpha - pokazatel' stepeni v zavisimosti plotnosti ot radiusa) obladayut avtomodel'nost'yu I roda, pri alpha >3.26 - avtomodel'nost'yu II roda.

V stat'e naideno reshenie dlya ostavshegosya intervala (3< alpha <3.26) i ego nel'zya otnesti ni k odnomu iz ukazannyh tipov.


astro-ph/0303261 kachestvennaya teoriya lizirovannyh kvazarov (Qualitative Theory for Lensed QSOs)
Authors: Prasenjit Saha (QMW London), Liliya L.R. Williams (U Minnesota)
Commets: 26 pages, incl. 15 figs; accepted to AJ; java applet available at http://ankh-morpork.maths.qmw.ac.uk/~saha/astron/lens/

Nablyudatel'nye harakteristiki kvazarov s neskol'kimi izobrazheniyami (iz-za gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya) obladayut celym ryadom model'no-nezavisimyh svoistv, kotorye mozhno vyvesti iz ochen' prostyh soobrazhenii. Eti ideyu illyustriruyutsya na celom ryade real'no nablyudaemyh sistem. Na saite avtora deistvuet java-applet.


astro-ph/0303346 Skorost' gravitacii ne mozhet byt' izmerena po vremennoi zaderzhke (The speed of gravity has not been measured from time delays)
Authors: Joshua A. Faber
Commets: 5 pages, no figures, RevTeX, submitted to ApJ Lett

Eshe odna stat'ya diskussii ob interpretacii S.Kopeikina eksperimenta po prohozhdeniyu yupitera ryadom s kvazarom QSO J0842+1835. Avtor stat'i utverzhdaet, chto v dannom eksperimente byli izmereny postn'yutonovskie chleny vysokogo poryadka, kotorye otnosyatsya k zaderzhke Shapiro i lineino zavisyat ot skorosti gravitiruyushego tela, a izmerenie skorosti rasprostraneniya gravitacii pri dannoi tochnosti eksperimenta nevozmozhno.


astro-ph/0303376 Rezolyuciya MAS 2000 po astrometrii, nebesnoi mehanike i metrologii v relyativistskih sistemah otscheta: prilozhenie-poyasnenie (The IAU 2000 resolutions for astrometry, celestial mechanics and metrology in the relativistic framework: explanatory supplement)
Authors: M. Soffel, S.A. Klioner, G. Petit, P. Wolf, S.M. Kopeikin et al.
Commets: 45 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Astronomical Journal

Na svoei 24 General'noi assamblee Mezhdunarodnyi Astronomicheskii Soyuz prinyal ryad reshenii, v chastnosti o perehode ko vseobshemu ispol'zovaniyu relyativistskih sistem otscheta v astronomicheskoi praktike. No eti sistemy dostatochno slozhny i trebuyut celogo ryada poyasnenii. (Dura Lex, Sed Lex - "Zakon surov, no eto - zakon".)


astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett

Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9.10-13 let-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]


obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables

"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.

Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.

Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.

PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.

V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.

astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)

V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.

Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....


astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments)
Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich
Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files

Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada 71Ga  -> 71Ge prevyshaet 1.4.1027 let.


istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press

Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.

Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
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