The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Zvezdy
Authors: A. Ibukiyama et al.
Comments: 45 pages, 21 figures, and 5 tables. Accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
V rabote poluchena zavisimost' vozrast-metallichnost' dlya 1658 zvezd,
dlya kotoryh sushestvuyut tochnye izmereniya rasstoyanii po dannym sputnika
HIPPARCOS. Sredi zvezd est' ob'ekty tonkogo i tolstogo diskov, a takzhe
neskol'ko zvezd galo. Obsuzhdayutsya razlichiya dlya raznyh sostavlyayushih
Galaktiki.
Authors: Bruce G. Elmegreen
Comments: accepted for ApJ, 42 pages, Dannie Heineman prize lecture
Odin iz luchshih specialistov v svoei oblasti daet obzor sovremennogo
sostoyaniya nashego znaniya ob obrazovanii zvezd.
Author: T. Bloecker
Comments: 8 pages, 4 postscript figures, also available from http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry; invited review at IAU Symp. 209 "Planetary Nebulae", ASP, in press
Rassmatrivaetsya struktura i evolyuciya central'nyh zvezd planetarnyh
tumannostei. Eti zvezdy prohodyat korotkuyu stadiyu evolyucii mezhdu
asimptoticheskoi vetv'yu gigantov i belymi karlikami. Perehod k stadii
belogo karlika opredelyaetsya vnutrennei strukturoi zvezdy, kotoraya v svoyu
ochered' opredelyaetsya predydushei istoriei zvezdy, v pervuyu ochered'
evolyuciei na asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov, a takzhe posleduyushei poterei
massy.
Authors: J. Farihi, E. E. Becklin, B. Zuckerman
Comments: 21 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted to ApJ
Opisyvaetsya otkrytie samogo holodnogo ($T_{\rm eff}=3650$ K) belogo karlika
s gelievoi atmosferoi. Rasstoyanie do ob'ekta neizvestno.
On byl otkryt kak sputnik drugogo belogo karlika (GD248A).
Vozmozhno vozrast GD248B poryadka 8.6 milliardov let, i togda on yavlyaetsya
samym starym (iz izvestnyh) belym karlikom v diske Galaktiki.
Authors: Michael D. Albrow et al.
Comments: 31 pages including 11 figures, accepted by ApJ
S pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa vpervye udalos' detal'no izuchit' funkciyu
mass v yadre sharovogo skopleniya. Vnutri yadra obnaruzhen sushestvennyi izbytok
zvezd s massami 0.5-0.8 mass solnca po sravneniyu s ih kolichestvom vne yadra.
Funkciya mass skopleniya vcelom bolee ploskaya chem solpiterovskaya i ne mozhet
byt' predstavlena edinym stepennym zakonom.
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Author: Donald F. Figer
Comments: IAU 212
V oblasti galakticheskogo centra sosredotocheno 10% massivnyh zvezd Galaktiki.
Bol'shaya chast' iz etih massivnyh zvezd nahodyatsya v treh skopleniyah,
obrazovavshihsya v poslednie 5 millionov let. Est' osnovaniya polagat', chto
stol' burnoe zvezdoobrazovanie proishodilo v central'noi chasti Mlechnogo puti
i ran'she. V stat'e avtor issleduet massivnoe zvezdnoe naselenie centra
Galaktiki, i vyskazyvaet argumenty v pol'zu bolee-menee nepreryvnogo
zvezdoobrazovaniya v etoi oblasti.
Author: Piet Hut et al.
Comments: workshop summary, submitted to New Astronomy, 34 pages, 3 figures
Avtory summiruyut rezul'taty, predstavlennye na konferencii MODEST-1 (MOdeling DEnse STellar systems). Ideya sostoit v rasshirenii tradicionnyh modelei populyacionnogo sinteza za schet vklyucheniya effektov dinamicheskogo vzaimodeistviya (vzaimodeistvie otdel'nyh zvezd, dvoinyh i kratnyh sistem). Cel'yu yavlyaetsya provedenie vychislenii, kotorye vklyuchali by v sebya i zvezdnuyu evolyuciyu, i zvezdnuyu dinamiku, i zvezdnuyu gidrodinamiku. S etoi cel'yu na konferenciyu byli priglasheny specialisty, rabotayushte vo vseh etih oblastyah.
Author: Samir Salim, Andrew Gould
Comments: 5 pages, full catalog available at http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~gould/NLTT/
NLTT - New Luyten Catalogue of Stars With Proper Motions Larger than
Two Tenths of an Arcsecond.
T.o. eto katalog zvezd s bol'shimi sobstvennymi dvizheniyami.
V stat'e opisyvaetsya novaya versiya kataloga, osnovannaya na uluchshennyh
astrometricheskih dannyh i na novyh fotometricheskih izmereniyah v optike i IK.
Authors: Michael C. Liu
Comments: 4 pages; to appear in Proceedings of IAU 211: Brown Dwarfs, in press
V etoi korotkoi zametke rasskazyvaetsya o nablyudenii diskov i korichnevyh karlikov. U 75 procentov nablyudavshihsya karlikov obnaruzhen izbytok izlucheniya v IK oblasti. Eto i ob'yasnyaetsya nalichiem diskov.
Sushestvovanie diskov u molodyh zvezd yavlyaetsya horosho izvestnym yavleniem. Ono svyazano sobstvenno s obrazovaniem etih ob'ektov. Obnaruzhenie analogichnyh struktur u korichnevyh karlikov govorit o shozhesti mehanizmov obrazovaniya etih ob'ektov i normal'nyh zvezd.
Authors: Nir J. Shaviv
Comments: 6 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions, Sitges, Spain, 20-24 Ma
Eshe odna rabota Nira (kotoruyu ya tozhe slyshal v Eriche).
Kak poluchit' sverh-Eddingtonovskuyu svetimost'? Problema prosta: naprimer, vy kidaete na kompaktnyi ob'ekt (ili na zvezdu) veshestvo, vydelyaetsya teplo, no sil'nyi potok izlucheniya mozhet ostanovit' akkreciyu. Esli vazhno tol'ko tompsonovskoe rasseyanie, to poluchaetsya prostaya formula na predel'nuyu svetimost', kotoraya i nazyvaetsya Eddingtonovskoi.
Nemnozhko perevalit' na eddingtonovskii predel mozhno, esli veshestvo v padayushem potoke budet ne odnorodnym, a komkovatym. Takzhe vozmozhny vsyakie nestacionarnye processy, privodyashie k vozmozhnosti prevysit' predelel.
Authors: Shiv S. Kumar
Comments: 9 pages, invited review paper presented at IAU211 Symposium at Waikoloa, Hawaii (May 2002), to appear in the proceedings
Daetsya istoricheskii obzor teoreticheskih i nablyudatel'nyh issledovanii malomassivnyh ob'ektov, massy kotoryh men'she predela zagoraniya vodoroda (0.08 mass Solnca dlya chisto vodorodnogo sostava). Obsuzhdaetsya teoriya fragmentacii molekulyarnyh oblakov. Krome staryh (60-e gg.) rassmatrivayutsya i novye rezul'taty, v chastnosti rassmatrivayutsya razlichiya v obrazovanii zvezd i planet.
Authors: Daniel Schaerer
Comments: Invited review, to appear in IAU Symp 212, Eds. K. van der Hucht, A. Herrero, C. Esteban. Related preprints and models available at http://webast.ast.obs-mip.fr/people/schaerer/
Rabota soderzhit obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v izuchenii funkcii mass massivnyh zvezd. Poskol'ku vremya zhizni takih ob'ektov ochen' malo (neskol'ko millionov let), to nablyudayut ih v osnovnom v oblastyah nedavnego burnogo zvezdoobrazovaniya. Issledovanie takih oblastei delo slozhnoe, poetomu avtor takzhe podrobno obsuzhdaet razlichnye nablyudatel'nye metodiki, pozvolyayushie ocenit' parametry funkcii mass.
Authors: Paula Szkody et al.
Comments: Submitted for publication to Astrophysical Journal (Letters), 16 pages, 5 figures, AASTeX v4.0
60 Megagauss - horoshee nazvanie dlya tehno-gruppy. Odnako, eto rezul'taty izmereniya magnitnyh polei u dvuh novootkrytyh kataklizmicheskih peremennyh.
Istochniki byli otkryty v Sloanovskom cifrovom obzore neba. Otkrytie stol' redkih sistem pokazyvaet bol'shie potencial'nye vozmozhnosti proekta SDSS i v dannoi oblasti (dlya kotoroi on sovsem ne byl prednaznachen).
Authors: Susan R. Trammell, Robert W. Goodrich
Comments: accepted for publication in ApJ
S pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa avtory issleduyut moloduyu planetarnuyu tumannost' GL 618. Eto bystro evolyucioniruyushii ob'ekt: iz "kokona" zvezdy asimptoticheskoi vetvi giginatov vyluplyaetsya babochka bipolyarnoi planetarnoi tumannosti. Na izobrazheniyah avtory obnaruzhili tri horosho kollimirovannyh strui. Po vsei vidimosti, eti obrazovaniya voznikli odnovremenno, t.e. ih nel'zya ob'yasnit' precessiei dzheta. Vozrast strui vsego okolo 500 let. Avtory obsuzhdayut rol' strui v ramkah sushestvuyushei kartiny obrazovaniya planetarnyh tumannostei.
Authors: I.S. Glass, M. Schultheis
Comments: 10 pages
Obzory soderzhat v sebe massu informacii. Eto polezno znat' i ispol'zovat' (osobenno v Rossii, gde sobstvennye nablyudatel'nye vozmozhnosti dovol'no ogranicheny). Kombiniruya dannye treh obzorov avtory issleduyut vyborku iz 174 M gigantov, popavshih v "spiski" Macho, DENIS i Isogal.
Authors: Howard E. Bond et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures; accepted for December 2002 issue of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Dlya kazhdogo tipa astronomicheskih istochnikov sushestvuet svoi podhod: kakie-to obychno otkryvayutsya v vidimom diapazone, kakie-to v UF, kakie-to v IK i t.d. Poetomu, kogda naprimer ob'ekt, obychno naibolee yarko proyavlyayushiisya v radiodiapazone otkryvayut v gamma, to eto sobytie, dostoinoe vnimaniya.
Kataklizmicheskie peremennye (eto dvoinye sistemy s belym karlikom) obychno otkryvayut v optike, inogda v rentgene (osobenno teper' pri glubokih nablyudeniyah sharovyh skoplenii na Chandre). A vot istochnik J102347.6+003841 otkryli v radio!
Voobshe-to radioaktivnost' (ne v smysle yadernoi fiziki) kataklizmikov vesh' izvestnaya: neskol'ko izvestnyh dvoinyh etogo tipa uzhe nablyudalis' v radio. No vot chtoby otkryt'... eto vpervye. Istochnik zametili vo vremya vspyshki. Prichem bol'she s nim takoe poka ne povtoryalos'. Poka neyasno: to li eto istochnik redkogo tipa, to li prosto sluchilas' takaya redkaya sil'naya radiovspyshka. Tak chto nuzhny novye nablyudeniya, chem avtory i sobirayutsya zanyat'sya.
astro-ph/0208475 Chandra X-ray Observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster.
Authors: E. Flaccomio et al.
Comments: 36 pages, 10 figures; to be published in ApJ; for online tables see http://www.astropa.unipa.it/~ettoref (astro-ph/0208474)
31 pages, 17 figures; to be published in ApJ ((astro-ph/0208475)
V dvuh stat'yah opisyvayutsya rezul'taty rentgenovskih nablyudenii zvezdnogo skopleniya v tumannosti Oriona na sputnike Chandra. Zaregistrirovano 742 istochnika. V osnovnom eto malomassivnye zvezdy.
Authors: Bo Reipurth, Cathie Clarke
Comments: 10 pages, To appear in IAU Symp. 211 on "Brown Dwarfs" ed. E. Martin
Kak obrazuyutsya korichnevye karliki? Avtory polagayut, chto obrazuyutsya oni kak obychnye zvezdy, vmeste s obychnymi zvezdami, no na stadii formirovaniya za schet mnogoob'ektnogo dinamicheskogo vzaimodeistviya samye legkie chleny gruppy obrazuyushihsya zvezd vybrasyvayutsya. Sootvetstvenno, ih rost ostanavlivaetsya. Eto i est' korichnevye karliki. V stat'e obsuzhdayutsya svyazannye s etim scenariem nablyudatel'nye perspektivy. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya tomu, chto tol'ko chto vybroshennye ob'ekty mogut byt' eshe v vozbuzhdennom sostoyanii (tol'ko posle akkrecii), t.o. ih spektry i svetimosti mogut sushestvenno otlichat'sya ot parametrov bolee staryh korichnevyh karlikov.
Authors: Duncan A. Forbes
Comments: 8 pages, Latex, 3 figures, To appear in the proceedings of New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy ed. G. Piotto, G. Meylan, G. Djorgovski, M. Riello, ASP Conference series
Kosmicheskii teleskop pozvolyaet izuchat' sharovye skopleniya v drugih galaktikah (voobshe, eti ob'ekty yavlyayutsya samymi mnogochislennymi sredi vseh, dostupnyh dannomu instrumentu). V obzore privedeny dannye takih nablyudenii, a takzhe rezul'taty sravnenii parametrov sharovyh skoplenii v drugih galaktikah s nashimi.
Authors: Francesca Matteucci, Antonio Pipino
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 212 'A Massive Star Odissey, from Main Sequence to Supernova'
Rassmotrena rol' sverhnovyh razlichnogo tipa v evolyucii mezhzvezdnoi sredy v ellipticheskih galaktikah, a takzhe v evolyucii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Na rannih etapah sushestvovaniya ellipticheskim galaktikam svoistvenno ochen' burnoe zvezdoobrazovanie. Obrazuyushiesya massivnye zvezdy bystro vzryvayutsya kak sverhnovye. Pri etom okazalos', chto imenno sverhnovye vtorogo tipa dayut osnovnoi vklad v obogashenie mezhzvezdnoi sredy tyazhelymi elementami. A vot dlya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy vazhnee sverhnovye tipa Ia.
Authors: Andrew Cumming
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on White Dwarfs
Obsuzhdaetsya evolyuciya magnitnogo polya akkreciruyushih belyh karlikov. Pokazano, chto harakternoe vremya omicheskoi dissipacii sostavlyaet poryadka 7-12 milliardov let i malo zavisit ot massy ili temperatury yadra. Esli temp akkrecii prevoshodit 1-5 10-10 mass solnca v god, to eto sushestvenno vliyaet na strukturu magnitnogo polya. Rassmatrivayutsya prilozheniya poluchennyh rezul'tatov k nablyudaemym akkreciruyushim belym karlikam v dvoinyh sistemah raznyh tipov.
Authors: Aake Nordlund, Paolo Padoan
Comments: 28 pages, 13 figures, invited tutorial for the workshop "Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Astrophysics: Recent Achievements and Perspectives", Paris, July 2-6, 2001, Eds. Edith Falgarone & Thierry Passot
Kak formiruetsya nachal'naya funkciya mass zvezd? Po vsei vidimosti ona neposredstvennym obrazom svyazana so svoistvami turbulentnosti v mezhzvezdnoi srede. Avtory rassmatrivayut vsyu cepochku: ot parametrov turbulentnosti do parametrov zvezd.
Authors: Sabine Moehler
Comments: 8 pages, 2 figures, uses newpasp.sty (included), Invited Review to appear in "New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy", eds. G. Piotto, G. Meylan, G. Djorgovski, & M. Riello, ASP Conf. Ser. (2003)
Belyh karlikov voobshe mnogo, a v sharovyh skopleniyah - osobenno. Eti zvezdnye ostatki vazhny, v chastnosti, potomu, chto pozvolyayut poluchat' nezavisimye ocenki rasstoyaniya do sharovyh skoplenii, a takzhe dayut vozmozhnost' uznat' vozrast skopleniya. Avtor obsuzhdaet v svoem obzore evolyucionnyi put' belyh karlikov v sharovyh skopleniyah. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya puti do stadii belogo karlika.
Authors: Nino Panagia
Comments: 14 pages, 10 figures; Invited Review, to appear in the Proceedings of the Conference "Origins 2002: The Heavy Element Trail from Galaxies to Habitable Worlds", 26-29 May, 2002, Eds. C.E. Woodward & E.P. Smith, to be published by ASP
Obsuzhdayutsya svoistva samyh pervyh zvezd. Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhno nablyudatel'no otlichit' eti ob'ekty ot sformirovavshihsya chut' pozdnee, kogda sreda byla uzhe obogashena tyazhelymi elementami. V zaklyuchenie avtor rassuzhdaet, kak NGST (teper' ego prinyato nazyvat' JWST) smozhet pomoch' v vyyavlenii "samyh pervyh".
Authors: Sukyoung K. Yi et al.
Comments: 7 pages, TeX, 1 eps figure. ApJS, 2003, vol.144 (Feb), in press
Avtory predstavlyayut biblioteku evolyucionnyh trekov dlya zvezd s massami ot 0.4 do 5 mass Solnca. Dany ssylki na tri saita (v treh mestah raboty treh soavtorov - v Koree, SShA i Britanii), gde mozhno skachat' dannye. Adres amerikanskogo - www.astro.yale.edu/demarque/yystar.html
Authors: James Liebert et al.
Comments: 16 pages, 2 figures, Astronomical Journal in press -- Jan 2003 issue
Astronomy ishut tam, gde svetlee. Nazyvaetsya eto "effekt selekcii". Primerov ochen' mnogo. Skazhem, otkrytie radiopul'sarov (esli pole neitronnyh zvezd bylo men'she, to pul'sary byli by slabee, ili zhe voobshe ne poyavlyalis'; esli zhe pole bylo by sushestvenno bol'she, to pul'sary bystro umirali by, ili tozhe ne poyavlyalis', no uzhe iz-za effekta raspada fotona v pole na dva drugih fotona).
V stat'e obsuzhdayutsya dannye po izmereniyam magnitnyh polei belyh karlikov, i tut tozhe est' effekty selekcii. Grubo govorya, chem yarche istochnik i chem sil'nee pole, tem legche ego izmerit'. Maksimal'nye polya na etih ob'ektah dohodyat do 109 Gs! Vpervye polya u belyh karlikov byli obnaruzheny v 1970 g. Seichas izvestno okolo 100 belyh karlikov s izmerennym polem. S techeniem vremeni predel na izmeryaemoe pole umen'shaetsya. U nas v strane izmeryat' nebol'shie polya na belyh karlikah umeyut v SAO (S. Fabrika, G. Valyavin i dr.). No do sih por neizvestna funkciya raspredeleniya belyh karlikov po magnitnym polyam.
Avtory obsuzhdayut selekcionnye effekty, kotorye mogut privodit' k iskazheniyu raspredeleniya belyh karlikov po magnitnym polyam. Po ih mneniyu okolo 10 procentov etih ob'ektov mogut imet' sushestvennoe magnitnoe pole.
Authors: Joanna Mikolajewska
Commets: 15 pages, 6 figures. Invited talk presented at Euroconference "Symbiotic stars probing stellar evolution"
Obzor togo, chto my segodnya znaem o simbioticheskih zvezdah. Osobyi upor sdelan na rezul'taty, poluchennye pri odnovremennyh nablyudeniyah v neskol'kih diapazonah, i na fundamental'nye harakteristiki etih sistem. V nachale obzora rassmotrena peremennost' simbioticheskih zvezd, zatem opisany dostizheniya v izmereniyah parametrov orbit i zvezd. Rassmatrivayutsya otlichiya gigantov v simbioticheskih dvoinyh ot podobnyh odinochnyh gigantov. Drugie zatragivaemye voprosy: priroda goryachego komponenta i mehanizmy vspyshek. V obzore mnogo tablic.
Odnovremenno vyshli eshe 3 stat'i togo zhe avtora (s soavtorami), posvyashennye otdel'nym simbioticheskim sistemam.
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin
Comments: 6 pages, proceedings of the ESO workshop "Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems", ed. M. Kissler-Patig
Kak i kogda obrazovalis' sharovye skopleniya? V nastoyashee vremya schitaetsya, chto oni poyavlyayutsya mezhdu z 7 i 3. V sovremennoi kartine ierarhicheskogo obrazovaniya struktury vnachale obrazuyutsya otnositel'no nebol'shie ob'ekty - karlikovye galaktiki. V nih-to i poyavlyayutsya pervye sharovye skopleniya (massivnyh galaktik prosto eshe net).
Posle obshego vvedeniya avtor predstavlyaet rezul'taty chislennyh raschetov (Gnedin, Kravcov) obrazovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v galaktike tipa nashei.
(sm. takzhe drugie nedavnie stat'i, posvyashennye obrazovaniyu sharovyh skoplenii: "The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems"; " Globular Cluster Formation"; "Building up the globular cluster system of the Milky Way. The contribution of the Sagittarius galaxy"; "Globular Cluster Systems of Spirals").
Authors: P. Marigo (1), C. Chiosi (1), L. Girardi (2), R.-P. Kudritzki (3) ((1) Padova University, (2) Trieste Observatory, (3) Hawaii University)
Commets: Invited talk at IAU Symp. 212, ``A Massive Star Odyssey, from Main Sequence to Supernova'', K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero, C. Esteban (eds.), 7 pages, 5 postscript figures
Snachala o terminah v etom korotkom nazvanii: 1) pri obsuzhdenii himicheskogo sostava zvezd i mezhzvezdnoi sredy v astrofizike metallami nazyvayut vse elementy tyazhelee vodoroda i geliya. Obilie "metallov" oboznachayut bol'shoi bukvoi Z (tak kak bol'shie X i Y uzhe zanyaty po obilie vodoroda i geliya, sootvetstvenno). 2) Massivnymi avtory nazyvayut zvezdy v centre kotoryh v konce termoyadernoi evolyucii obrazuetsya vyrozhdennoi CO-yadro. Dlya zvezd s obychnym himicheskim sostavom eta granica prohodit mezhdu 5 i 6Mo, a dlya zvezd s nulevoi - mezhdu 5 i 6Mo.
Kak pokazyvayut raschety processov v rannei vselennoi iz nachal'nogo vodoroda (protonov) v hode pervichnogo nukleosinteza voznikaet prakticheski tol'ko gelii (okolo 23%). S drugoi storony i v samyh staryh sharovyh skopleniyah nashei Galaktiki, i v samyh dalekih galaktikah dlya kotoryh izmereny spektry (i t.o. izuchen himicheskii sostav) metally prisutstvuyut. Ih obilie menyaetsya ot Solnechnogo do primerno v 10-40 raz men'shego, no ne do nulya (nigde). To est' v toi dostatochno bol'shoi chasti Vselennoi, himsostav kotoroi my znaem, veshestvo uzhe obogasheno metallami. Proizoiti eto moglo tol'ko v zvezdah, drugogo puti my ne znaem. Vot zdes' i voznikaet potrebnost' v zvezdah pervogo pokoleniya (Population-III), kotrye obrazovyvalis' iz veshestva s Z=0. Krome togo ih pomosh' polezna dlya ob'yasneniya reionizacii Vselennoi, obrazovaniya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr v galo galaktik i ryada nablyudaemyh osobennostei raspredeleniya himicheskih elementov v mezhzvezdnoi i mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Po-vidimomu, takie zvezdy byli bolee massivnymi, chem izvestnye nam segodnya, ih nachal'naya massa mogla dostigat' neskol'kih soten mass Solnca.
V dannoi rabote dlya massivnyh zvezd s nachal'nym Z=0 postroeny evolyucionnye treki i izohrony na diagramme Gercshprunga-Ressela, issledovano himicheskoe obogashenie poverhnostnyh sloev i (pri nekotoryh predpolozheniyah) unos etih elementov zvezdnym vetrom. Raschety provodilis' dlya zvezd s nachal'nymi massami ot 8 do 1000Mo i zakanchivalis' s nachalom stadii goreniya ugleroda v yadre.
[Hochu obratit' vashe vnimanie na to, chto pervaya vyshedshaya v SSSR na russkom yazyke kniga po evolyucii zvezd - D.A.Frank-Kameneckii, "Fizicheskie processy vnutri zvezd", M., Fizmatgiz, 1959 - takzhe rassmatrivala zvezdy bez metallov (chisto vodorodnye) i poetomu dolgoe vremya schitalas' sovershenno bespoleznoi.]
Authors: R. Napiwotzki, N. Christlieb, H. Drechsel, H.-J. Hagen, U. Heber, D. Homeier, C. Karl, D. Koester, B. Leibundgut, T.R. Marsh, S. Moehler, G. Nelemans, E.-M. Pauli, D. Reimers, A. Renzini, L. Yungelson
Commets: in: "From Twilight to Highlight", eds. W. Hillebrandt & B. Leibundgut, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer-Verlag, in press, 6 pages, 2 figures Report-no: RP-21-02
Soglasno odnomu iz scenariev vspyshka sverhnovoi tipa Ia proishodit v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh dostatochno massivnyh belyh karlikov. Poisk takih sistem velsya v eksperimente SPY (SN Ia Progenitor surveY). V hode kotorogo na teleskope VLT s pomosh'yu spektrometra UVES iskalis' izmeneniya luchevyh skorostei. Otkryto 90 novyh dvoinyh belyh karlikov, vklyuchaya korotkoperiodicheskie sistemy s massami komponent blizkimi k chandrasekarovskomu predelu.
Authors: J. Sanz-Forcada (1 and 2), N. S. Brickhouse (1), and A. K. Dupree (1) ((1) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge-MA (USA), (2) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo (Italy))
Commets: 45 pages, 9 figures (with 20 eps files). Accepted for its publication in ApJS
Dlya 28 zvezd (22 aktivnye dvoinye i 6 odinochnyh zvezd ili ochen' shirokih par) ustanovlena struktura koron po nablyudeniyam v predel'nom ul'trafiolete s borta observatorii EUVE. Priveden ochen' bol'shoi i podrobnyi fakticheskii material.
Authors: Eric D. Feigelson et al.
Comments: 51 pages, 8 figures. To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Maloizvestnyi fakt: molodye (v tom chisle obrazuyushiesya) zvezdy yavlyayutsya istochnikami rentgenovskih luchei. V stat'e na bol'shom nablyudatel'nom materiale (bolee 1000 istochnikov) razbiraetsya kak takoe izluchenie obrazuetsya, i kakie ogranicheniya na modeli my mozhem sdelat'.
Authors: Sara Lucatello et al.
Comments: 55 pages, 17 color figures included; Accepted for publication in the February 2003 issue of the Astronomical Journal
"Navstrechu obsuzhdeniyu himsostava zvezd na forume Scientific.Ru"
Sushestvuyut zabavnye anomalii himicheskogo sostava zvezd.
V dannoi stat'e opisyvaetsya ob'ekt s ochen' nizkim soderzhaniem metallov (t.e.
vsego tyazhelee geliya), no s vysokim soderzhaniem svinca!
Iz nablyudenii vidno, chto zvezda yavlyaetsya dvoinoi.
Vtoroi komponent seichas skoree vsego yavlyaetsya belym karlikom.
Odnako, ran'she on byl gigantom, a potomu proishodila akkreciya NA nablyudaemuyu
seichas zvezdu. Po vsei vidimosti anomaliya svyazana imenno s dvoistvennost'yu,
no tut eshe nado rabotat'....
Ochen' poleznym mozhet v etoi svyazi mozhet okazat'sya sovsem svezhii obzor po obiliyu elementov v raznyh blizkih galaktikah.
Authors: A. Heger et al.
Commets: 10 pages, 5 figues, to appear in Proc. "From Twilight to Highlight - The Physics of Supernovae" ESO/MPA/MPE Workshop Garching July 29 - 31, 2002
Opisyvaetsya evolyuciya massivnyh zvezd na raznyh stadiyah zhizni Vselennoi. V tom chisle t.n. zvezdy populyacii III (Pop III). Eto samye pervye zvezdy, sostoyashie iz vodoroda i geliya (pervichnyi himsostav). Obsuzhdayutsya vzryvy razlichnyh massivnyh zvezd i ostatki etih vzryvov dlya razlichnyh metallichnostei.
Authors: Norbert Christlieb, et al.
Commets: Offprint of Nature 419 (2002), 904-906 (issue 31 October 2002)
Himicheskii sostav bol'shinstva zvezd s deficitom metallov otrazhaet sostav gaza iz kotorogo oni sformirovalis'. Eti starye zvezdy pozvolyayut ponyat' hod processov zvezdoobrazovaniya i sinteza himicheskih elementov vo Vselennoi. Oni yavlyayutsya lokal'nymi reliktami epoh, kotorye seichas nablyudayutsya na ochen' dalekih krasnyh smesheniyah. Esli budut naideny zvezdy sovershenno ne soderzhashie metallov ("zvezdy populyacii III"), to my smozhem izuchat' veshestvo, rodivsheesya neposredstvenno v Bol'shom Vzryve. Do sih por ne udavalos' naiti zvezdy, v kotoryh by zheleza bylo men'she, chem 10-4 ot Solnechnogo obiliya. V stat'e soobshaetsya ob otkrytii zvezdy v kotoroi zheleza v 200 000 raz men'she, chem v Solnce. Eto eshe ne zvezda populyacii III, no ee otkrytie daet nadezhdu, chto i takie zvezdy mogut byt' otkryty.
Eta stat'ya byla opublikovana v zhurnale Nature, 419, 904, (2002). Izlozhenie etoi stat'i mozhno posmotret' na astronet.
Authors: Michael F. Bode
Commets: 12 pages, 8 figures. Invited review in the Proceedings of the Conference "Classical Nova Explosions" (Sitges, May 2002), M. Hernanz and J. Jose eds., published by the American Institute of Physics Journal-ref: AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 637, Issue 1, pp. 497-508 (2002)
Novye ne tak grandiozny kak Sverhnovye. No oni tozhe vspyhivayut, pri etih vspyshkah tozhe vybrasyvaetsya veshestvo. A kak potom evolyucioniruyut ostatki novyh? Ob etom - o teorii i o nablyudeniyah - dannyi obzor.
Authors: D. Segransan, P. Kervella, T. Forveille, D. Queloz
Commets: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters, 4 pages, 3 figures
VLTI - interferometr, rabotayushii v vidimom i blizkih k nemu diapazonah. Osnovnaya sostavlyayushaya - chetyre 8-metrovyh teleskopa (est' eshe bolee melkie, otmetim, chto ne obyazatel'no vse instrumenty odnovremenno zadeistvovany v dannom konkretnom sete nablyudenii).
V dannoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut pryamye izmereniya radiusa dlya chetyreh malomassivnyh zvezd (krasnye karliki), provedennye v diapazone 2.2 mikrona.
Authors: Pau Amaro-Seoane
Commets: 9 pages, no figures, to appear in 2003, Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html). Needs caps.cls and cupbook.cls (included)
Vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya v centre kvazara sverhmassivnoi zvezdy s massoi 107-109 Mo i svetimost'yu 1012 Lo ("magnetoid") rassmatrivalas' i byla ochen' populyarnoi v 60-e - 70-e gody. Svetimost' kvazarov v etoi modeli ob'yasnyalas' akkreciei na takoi sverhmassivnyi ob'ekt (Lynden-Bell 1969, u nas etoi tematikoi zanimalsya L.Ozernoi).
Eta, dostatochno ekzotichnaya ideya, segodnya ispytyvaet vtoroe rozhdenie v svyazi s otkrytiem sverh massivnyh chernyh dyr v centrah mnogih galaktik. Koncepciya sverhmassivnoi (>5.104 Mo) zvezdy, pogruzhennoi v plotnoe zvezdnoe skoplenie mozhet ob'yasnit' ryad nablyudaemyh v kvazarah yavlenii. V dannoi stat'e chislenno izuchena dinamika vzaimodeistviya sverhmassivnoi zvezdy m okruzhayushim ee plotnym zvezdnym polem.
Authors: A. Heger et al.
Commets: 24 pages, 9 figues, submitted to ApJ
Hotya nazvanie mozhet vyzvat' pechal'nye associacii, tem ne menee stat'ya ochen' i ochen' interesnaya! Avtory detal'no obsuzhdayut sud'bu massivnyh zvezd v zavisimosti ot soderzhaniya v nih tyazhelyh elementov. Eto osobo interesno v poslednee vremya v svyazi s interesom k samym rannim zvezdam, metallichnost' kotoryh byla eshe ochen' malen'koi.
Authors: Michael Feast
Commets: 26 pages, no figs, to appear in "Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale" Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer) ed. D. Alloin and W. Gieren
Avtor podrobno rassmatrivaet metodiku nalibrovki svetimosti cefeid v nashei Galaktike i ucheta ih mezhzvezdnogo pokrasneniya. Eti izmereniya, sovmestno s izmereniyami cefeid v galaktike NGC4258 pokazyvayut, chto tochnost' etoi kalibrovki ne huzhe 0.1m, po krainei mere dlya cefeid s solnechnym himsostavom. Razlichie v himicheskom sostave vnosit primerno takuyu zhe oshibku. Dlya togo, chtoby uvelichit' tochnost' predskazanniya svetimosti cefeid neobhodimy obshirnye raboty po izucheniyu ih metallichnosti, uchet nelineinosti v zavisimostyah period-svetimost' i period-cvet, a takzhe tochnoe opredelenie v kakoi mode proishodyat ih pul'sacii - na osnovnoi chastote ili na pervom obertone.
Authors: A.Lobel et al.
Commets: 86 pages, 15 figures, ApJ accepted for 2003, Feb. 1 issue. Press release, illustrations, and movies are available at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~alobel
V 2000-2001 godu na zheltom sverhgigante proizoshla vspyshka, podobnaya nablyudavsheisya v 1945-47 i 1985-86 godah, no izuchenie ee bylo provedeno sovremennymi metodami. Vo vspyshke klass zvezdy izmenilsya ot A do M. Temp poteri massy dostig Mdot ~= 5.4h10-2Mo/god. Pohozhe eto eshe odna zvezda tipa, Ets Kariny, kotoraya zavershila svoyu Yadernuyu evolyuciyu i v blizhaishee vremya vzorvetsya kak Sverhnovaya (pod blizhaishim vremenem podrazumevayutsya neskol'ko soten tysyach let).
Author: Andre Maeder, Georges Meynet
Commets: 10 pages, 13 figures, IAU Symp. 215 `Stellar Rotation'', A. Maeder and P. Eenens eds., ASP Conf Ser. in press
Lidery zhenevskoi gruppy po izucheniyu zvezdnoi evolyucii dayut korotkii obzor vliyaniya effektov vrasheniya na zhiznennyi put' massivnyh zvezd. Oni okazyvayutsya dovol'no sushestvennymi. Prichem, chem nizhe metallichnost', tem vazhnee vrashenie. Eto okazyvaetsya vazhnym seichas v svyazi s vozrosshim interesom k zvezdam PopIII - samym pervym zvezdam, kotorye voznikli iz veshestva, pochti svobodnogo ot tyazhelyh elementov, a zatem, vzorvavshis' kak sverhnovye, obogatili nash mir elementami ot ugleroda do zheleza (i dal'she do urana).
Sm. takzhe stat'yu "The effects of rotation on Wolf--Rayet stars and on the production of primary nitrogen by intermediate mass stars" astro-ph/0301287.
Authors: Samir Salim, Sebastien Lepine, R. Michael Rich, Michael M. Shara
Commets: submitted to ApJL
Vse my lyubim iskat' tam, gde svetlee i proshe. Astronomy ochen' chasto izbegayut oblasti ploskosti Galaktiki, t.k. tam ochen' mnogo ob'ektov, i vybrat' sredi nih nuzhnye neprosto. No trudy teh, kto ne boitsya trudnostei, chasto byvayut voznagrazhdeny. Avtory stat'i obnaruzhili samyi yarkii korichnevyi karlik na nebe. Kstati, oni ocenili, chto do 40 procentov ob'ektov etogo tipa "prosmotreli", potomu chto ne iskali v ploskosti Mlechnogo Puti.
Authors: Eric M. Schlegel
Commets: accepted AJ, scheduled March
"Uranovymi" nazyvayut ochen' bednye metallom zvezdy ([Fe/H]<-3) v spektrah kotoryh nablyudayutsya linii urana. Uran ne mog vozniknut' v etih zvezdah v hode termoyadernyh reakcii. Ob'yasnenie etogo fenomena - zasorenie zvezdy pri vspyshke sverhnovoi v dvoinoi sisteme. Esli pri etom vzryve dvoinaya ne raspalas' (chto maloveroyatno, tak kak "uranovye" zvezdy imeyut maluyu massu), to v sisteme mozhet prisutstvovat' kompaktnyi ob'ekt, a na nego idti akkreciya. V stat'e dany ogranicheniya na rentgenovskie potoki ot etih zvezd.
Authors: A. Heger et al.
Commets: 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. IAU 215 "Stellar Rotation"
Eta stat'ya samym neposredstvennym obrazom svyazana s predydushei, no eto ne obzor, a original'naya rabota dvuh grupp, ob'edinivshih svoi usiliya, dlya togo chtoby razobrat'sya s nachal'nym tempom vrasheniya neitronnyh zvezd. V itoge poluchayutsya dostatochno bystrovrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy: bez magnitnogo polya odni gidrodinamicheskie neustoichivosti i konvekciya ne mogut otodvinut' novorozhdennyi pul'sar ot vrasheniya na predele razrusheniya. Vliyanie magnitnogo polya uvelichivaet nachal'nyi period na poryadok (do 4-7 millisekund). V poslednem sluchae energii vrasheniya okazyvaetsya nedostatochno dlya togo, chtoby "zapitat'" gamma-vsplesk v modeli kollapsara. Odnako, "mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit". V chastnosti, v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah situaciya mozhet sushestvenno otlichat'sya kak v tu, tak i v inuyu storonu.
Authors: Sebastien Lepine et al.
Commets: 7 pages, 1 table, 3 figures, Ssbmitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters
V hode obzora zvezd s vysokim sobstvennym dvizheniem otkryt samyi holodnyi subkarlik. Zvezda otnesena k spektral'nomu klassu sdM8.0 (temperatura zdes' "zalozhena" v spektral'nom klasse, potomu ne govoryat "otkryt samyi holodnyi karlik s temperaturoi ..."). Rasstoyanie do zvezdy 65+/-15 parsek. Massa okolo 0.09 mass Solnca. Vozmozhno, eta zvezda yavlyaetsya ob'ektom galo! Obnaruzhenie takogo istochnika vsego v 65 pk ot Solnca govorit o tom, chto v Galaktike ih dolzhno byt' ochen' mnogo.
Authors: Z. Ivezic et al.
Commets: 6 pages, 4 color figures, contribution for the workshop "Variability with Wide-field Imagers", Lampedusa, September 16-20, 2002
Pohozhe, chto krome eksperimentov po nablyudeniyu gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya (MACHO, OGLE i dr.) naiden eshe odin obshirnyi istochnik informacii o peremennyh zvezdah. Eto Sloanovskii cifrovoi obzor neba (Sloan Digital Sky Survey). V nem soderzhitsya informaciya o 3,000,000 tochechnyh istochnikah na 700 kv.grad. nebesnoi sfery, nablyudavshiesya neskol'ko raz s intervalom ot 3 chasov do 3 let.
Authors: R.R.Ransom et al.
Commets: 22 pages, 4 figures
S pomosh'yu VLBI tehniki udalos' postroit' izobrazhenie dvoinoi zvezdy tipa RS CVn: HR 5110 (=BH CVn; HD118216). Nablyudeniya velis' na chastote 8.4 Ggc.
Authors: Claudia Maraston
Commets: Invited review at the ESO workshop `Extra-galactic globular cluster systems", August 2002, eds. M. Kissler-Patig, 12 pages
Ochen' chasto zvezdnye sistemy (galaktiki, skopleniya) izuchayut po ih integral'nym harakteristikam. V takoi situacii nezamenimym okazyvaetsya populyacionnyi sintez. Sut' metoda zaklyuchaetsya v modelirovanii populyacii zvezd. Parametry otdel'nyh ob'ektov detal'no ne rasschityvayutsya (oni i ne proyavlyayutsya v nablyudeniyah), zato udaetsya bolee-menee horosho opisat' parametry sistemy v celom. V korotkom obzore privoditsya istoriya razvitiya metoda, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya nekotorye naibolee prostye modeli.
Authors: H. Ritter, U. Kolb
Commets: Submitted to A&A (4 pages). See the dedicated catalogue webpage at http://physics.open.ac.uk/RKcat/ (OU) or http://www.MPA-Garching.MPG.DE/RKcat/ (MPA)
Opisyvaetsya sed'maya versiya kataloga tesnyh dvoinyh. V katalog vklyucheno pochti 700 sistem. V osnovnom eto kataklizmicheskie peremennye (pochti 500 shtuk). Kazhdye polgoda informaciya na saitah, gde razmeshen katalog, obnovlyaetsya.
Authors: Andreja Gomboc
Commets: 6 pages, 5 figures; to be published in GAIA Spectroscopy, Science and Technology, ASP Conference Series, U.Munari (ed.)
Budushaya missiya GAIA dast kolossal'noe kolichestvo samyh raznyh rezul'tatov. V etoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya vozmozhnost' polucheniya dannyh o zvezdnom vrashenii (vplot' do ochen' malyh skorostei) po spektral'nym nablyudeniyam na etom sputnike.
Authors: Steven D. Kawaler
Commets: 10 pages, 3 figures; invited review from IAU Symposium #215 - Stellar Rotation (November 2002)
Nebol'shoi obzor po belym karlikam. Kak i dlya drugih zvezd, dlya belyh karlikov vazhen takoi parametr kak vrashenie (period, uglovoi moment). Ot etogo mogut zavisit' ih nablyudatel'nye proyavleniya. Avtor rassmatrivaet sovremennye nablyudatel'nye dannye i popytki ih teoreticheskogo osmysleniya. Obzor prostoi i interesnyi.
Authors: Charles J. Lada, Elizabeth A. Lada
Commets: To appear in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics v41. Manuscript consists of 73 pages with 14 figures. Due to space limitations 5 figures are included as separate low quality jpeg figures. A complete manuscript with full resolution figures can be downloaded from http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~clada/preprints.html
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi molodym (novorozhdennym) zvezdnym skopleniyam v molekulyarnyh oblakah. Iz-za moshnogo poglosheniya takie skopleniya chasto nablyudayutsya tol'ko v IK oblasti. Poetomu lish' otnositel'no nedavno nachali nakaplivat'sya bol'shie ob'emy dannyh po etim ob'ektam. Obzor osobenno aktualen v svyazi s blizyashimisya zapuskami novyh IK sputnikov (Gershel', SIRTF, i vozmozhno NGST).
Authors: D.A. Smirnov, S.N. Fabrika, S.A. Lamzin, G.G. Valyavin
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures
Po nablyudeniyam na 6-metrovom teleskope v SAO obnaruzhena krugovaya polyarizaciya izlucheniya u zvezdy T Tel'ca, chto govorit o nalichii u nee magnitnogo polya. Nablyudeniya provodilis' v 1996 i 2002 gg. Po izmereniyam polyarizacii izlucheniya etoi molodoi zvezdy polucheny znacheniya magnitnogo polya 160+/-40 Gs i 140+/-50 Gs dlya nablyudenii 1996 i 2002 gg. sootvetstvenno. Kak vidno, zaregistrirovannoe pole nahoditsya na predele chuvstvitel'nosti apparatury, odnako, avtory polagayut, chto rezul'tat vpolne realen (hotya, otmetim skromnoe "possible" v zagolovke stat'i).
Napomnim, chto zvezdy tipa T Tel'ca (sootvetstvenno sama eta zvezda -
prototip vazhnogo klassa astronomicheskih ob'ektov) - eto malomassivnye
zvezdy do
stadii
glavnoi posledovatel'nosti, imeyushie akkrecionnye diski.
Dlya nih ozhidalis' znacheniya magnitnyh polei poryadka 1 kGs. Odnako, do
konca 90-h gg. ni dlya odnogo ob'ekta ne bylo pryamoi registracii polya
nesmotrya na mnogochislennye popytki.
V konce 90-h gg. dlya treh zvezd (vklyuchaya samu T Tel'ca) byli polucheny
ocenki magnitnyh polei. V sluchae T Tel'ca eto poryadka 2 kGs.
Eta velichina byla poluchena ne s pomosh'yu polyarizacionnyh nablyudenii
(kak u gruppy iz SAO), a po izmereniyu ekvivalentnyh shirin linii
(po nablyudeniyu polyarizacii byli tol'ko verhnie predely poryadka 800-1000 Gs).
Imenno eto mozhet ob'yasnyat' razlichie rezul'tatov. T.e. oni ne nahodyatsya v
protivorechii drug s drugom, esli, naprimer, pole nedipol'no. Ili zhe, esli
os' dipolya pochti perpendikulyarna luchu zreniya. V poslednem sluchae trebuetsya,
chtoby ugol mezhdu magnitnoi os'yu i os'yu vrasheniya byl dostatochno bol'shoi
(bolee 30 gradusov). Dlya vybora mezhdu dvumya variantami trebuyutsya
dopolnitel'nye nablyudeniya.
Authors: Klaus Reinsch, Fabian Euchner, Klaus Beuermann
Commets: 8 pages, 9 figures, due to the size limit the resolution of the original figures is higher than in this preprint
Magnitnye polya zaregistrirovany dlya desyatkov belyh karlikov (otmetim, chto tut "prilozhili ruku" i issledovateli iz SAO, o rabote kotoryh sm. vyshe). No malo prosto znat', chto pole est'. Ili dazhe, chto "harakternaya velichina sostavlyaet...". Hochetsya znat' topologiyu polya: dipol'noe ono ili net, esli ne dipol'noe, to kakoe i t.d. Prichem, pole u molodyh i staryh, u akkreciruyushih i u izolirovannyh mozhet byt' razlichnym. Pohozhe, chto v etoi oblasti stali poyavlyat'sya ochen' interesnye rezul'taty. Podrobnosti - v stat'e.
Authors: B.J. Teegarden et al.
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to ApJ Letters
U zvezdy SO025300.5+165258 obnaruzheno ochen' bol'shoe sobstvennoe dvizhenie 5.06+/-0.03 "/god (otkrytie sdelano pri obrabotke bazy dannyh SkyMorph). Eto deistvitel'no ochen' bol'shaya velichina, t.k. do etogo bylo izvestno Tol'ko 7 zvezd s \mu>5"/god. Parallaks etoi zvezdy sostavlyaet 0.43+/-0.13 " (predvaritel'noe znachenie, trebuyushee podtverzhdeniya). Blizhe etoi zvezdy raspolozheny tol'ko zvezdy sistemy Al'fy Centavra (vklyuchaya Proksimu Centavra) i zvezda Barnarda.
Authors: Nikolaos Stergioulas
Commets: 101 pages, 18 figures. The full online-readable version of this article, including several animations, will be published in Living Reviews in Relativity at http://www.livingreviews.org/
Struktura ravnovesnyh vrashayushihsya zvezd, osesimmetrichnye i neosesimmetrichnye vozmusheniya, vrashenie zvezd v astrofizicheskih ob'ektah - vot nekotorye iz tem rassmotrennye v dannom obzore.
Authors: Toshikazu Shigeyama, Takuji Tsujimoto, and Yuzuru Yoshii
Commets: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Kak pervoe pokolenie zvezd, rodivsheesya iz "chistogo" kosmologicheskogo veshestva, obogashalo okruzhayushuyu sredu tyazhelymi (tyazhelee He) elementami? Smotri takzhe astro-ph/0302285.
Authors: J.-F. Le Borgne et al.
Commets: 20 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
STELIB, novaya spektroskopicheskaya biblioteka, dostupna po adresu http://webast.ast.obs-mip.fr/stelib. V nei 249 spektrov zvezd v vidimom diapazone (ot 3200 do 9500A) so spektral'nym razresheniem ~3A. V biblioteke zvezdy raznyh spektral'nyh klassov i metallichnostei. Tochnost' fotometrii primerno 3%.
Authors: K.Omukai, F.Palla
Commets: 34 pages, 12 figures. ApJ, in press
Samye pervye zvezdy obrazovyvalis' iz veshestva. gde bylo ochen' malo t.n. "metallov" - elementov tyazhelee geliya. V processe rozhdeniya i evolyucii takih ob'ektov eshe ochen' mnogo neyasnogo, a ih rol' v astrofizike ochen' velika (sm. nedavnie rezul'taty sputnika WMAP o rannei reionizacii Vselennoi). V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya akkreciya gaza v processe obrazovaniya pervyh zvezd.
Authors: Fabio Favata, Giuseppina Micela
Commets: Space Science Reviews, in press, 132 pages (full paper available at ftp://astro.esa.int/pub/ffavata/Papers/ssr-preprint.pdf)
Korony zvezd izuchayut v osnovnom po ih zhestkomu izlucheniyu. Okolo chetverti veka nazad udalos' otnablyudat' koronu Kapelly (al'fa Voznichego). Odnako zh, novye sputniki (Chandra, N'yuton i dr.) dayut novye vozmozhnosti. V bol'shom obzre avtory obsuzhdayut sovremennoe sostoyanie del i perspektivy.
Authors: B. Stelzer, V. Burwitz
Commets: accepted for publication in A&A
Tol'ko Chandra mozhet uvidet', chto odin iz bliznecov i sam ne edin.
Kastor voobshe govorya sekstet zvezd - shestikratnaya sistema!
Odnako, uzhe v nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razdelit' Kastor A i Kastor V -
rasstoyanie mezhdu nimi na nebe 3.8". No to, chto mozhet teleskop na dache v
optike - to slozhnaya zadacha dlya sovremennoi rentgenovskoi observatorii!
Krome togo, sputniki zapuskayut ne tol'ko radi kartinok, no i radi bolee
detal'nyh issledovanii - spektral'nyh. A vot spektry seichas luchshe stroit HMM
(potomu, kstati, Chandra bolee izvesten massam - on kartinki luchshe delaet).
T.o. ideya sostoyala v sovmestnom nablyudenii dvumya observatoriyami, chtoby potom
iz dannyh HMM mozhno bylo vytyanut' horoshie spektry, chto i udalos'.
Kastory vidny blagodarya aktivnosti ih koron. O koronal'noi zvezdnoi
astronomii sm. vyshe celuyu knigu.
Authors: M. Cervino, V. Luridiana
Commets: 4 pages, 3 Fig., rmaa.cls included. To appear in "8th Tex-Mex Meeting: Energetics of Cosmic Plasmas"
Modeli populyacionnogo sinteza aktivno primenyayutsya k galaktikam, skopleniyam zvezd i t.d. Odnako, u vsyakoi modeli est' predely primenimosti. V dannoi zametke rech' idet o nizhnem predele na massu skopleniya (ili, inymi slovami, na chislo zvezd), kogda eshe mozhno primenyat' obychnyi populyacionnyi sintez bez opasnosti poluchit' oshibochnyi rezul'tat. Opredelenie nizhnego predela ne takaya prostaya vesh'. Avtory poluchayut ryad interesnyh ocenok, kotorye mozhno bylo by davat' v kachestve zadach astrofizicheskogo praktikuma (esli tam provodyatsya raboty s programmami evolyucionnogo sinteza normal'nyh zvezd).
Authors: Gisella Clementini (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico, Bologna, Ital
Commets: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the Workshop "Variability with Wide Field Imagers", 16-20 Sep. 2002, Lampedusa (Italy)
V stat'e opisan proekt VSNG - kollaboraciya issledovatelei iz Bolon'i, Padui, Neapolya i observatorii Merato po izucheniyu peremennyh zvezd v galaktikah Mestnoi gruppy. Uzhe est' rezul'taty.
Authors: M. Maio et al.
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Proceedings of the Workshop " Variability with Wide Field Imagers", 16-20 Sept. 2002, Lampedusa (Italy)
152 zvezdy v B, V i I fil'trah s klassifikaciei.
Authors: Robert D. Mathieu
Commets: 10 pages, 5 figures, conference proceedings
V stat'e dan obzor nablyudatel'nyh rezul'tatov poslednih 10 let o vrashenii malomassivnyh zvezd eshe ne dostigshih glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnye mehanizmy ih tormozheniya.
Authors: Andrey V. Kravtsov
Commets: submitted to ApJL, 5 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX (uses emulateapj5.sty)
Zvezdoobrazovanie - process slozhnyi. Odnako, tam est' prostye zakonomernosti. naprimer, zakon Shmidta: poverhnostnaya plotnost' molodyh zvezd proporcional'na poverhnostnoi plotnosti mezhzvezdnogo gaza v nekotoroi stepeni (poverhnostnaya oznachaet "prosummirovannaya poperek diska"). Eta prostaya zavisimost' byla obnaruzhena bolee 40 let nazad. S teh por bylo mnogo popytok ee ob'yasnit'. I problema ne v tom, chto ob'yasneniya net, a v tom, chto ih mnogo!
V dannoi rabote predstavleny rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya, v kotoryh estestvennym obrazom voznikaet zakon Shmidta. Pravda, eto ne oznachaet, chto naideno ob'yasnenie. Odnako, mozhno sdelat' vazhnyi vyvod, chto zvezdoobrazovanie na bol'shim masshtabah opredelyaetsya sverhzvukovoi turbulentnost'yu, kotoraya svyazana s gravitacionnymi neistoichivostyami na bol'shih masshtabah, a ne obratnym vliyaniem zvezd ili teplovymi neistoichivostyami, kotorye sushestvuyut na nebol'shim masshtabah.
Authors: Robert T. Fisher
Commets: 40 pages, 7 figures
Opisana poluempiricheskaya model' obrazovaniya dvoinyh sistem. Osnovnye orbital'nye parametry svyazany s parametrami turbulentnosti v materinskom molekulyarnom oblake. Kachestvenno avtoru udaetsya ob'yasnit' osnovnye svoistva raspredelenii dvoinyh po periodam i nekotorye drugie korrelyacii.
Authors: R. Wichmann , J. H. M. M. Schmitt
Commets: 5 pages, 2 colour figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Pri obzore neba dlya poiska molodyh zvezd byla obnaruzhena blizkaya k Solncu kinematicheskaya gruppa F-G zvezd, nahodyashihsya na nachal'noi glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Obsuzhdaetsya priroda zvezd etoi gruppy. Issledovaniya prostranstvennogo dvizheniya gruppy ukazyvaet, chto ona s naibol'shei veroyatnost'yu mogla rodit'sya v odnoi iz sleduyushih associacii: Perseus OB3 (Per OB3), Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL) i Lower
Authors: G.A. Tammann, A. Sandage, B. Reindl
Commets: 29 pages, 19 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Tammann i Sendedzh - lyudi-legendy. Novaya rabota posvyashena fundamental'neishei probleme v astronomii: opredeleniyu rasstoyanii po cefeidam. Ispol'zuya novye dannye (priyatno otmetit', chto zdes' vazhnuyu rol' igrayut issledovaniya, provodimye v GAISh i In-te Astronomii), avtory poluchayut utochnennye zavisimosti. Pervaya stat'ya serii posvyashena Galaktike, no uzhe tut avtory obsuzhdayut otsutstvie edinyh zavisimostei dlya razlichnyh galaktik.
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd
Publikacii so slovami: astrofizika - obzory - ekzoplaneta - Planety u drugih zvezd | |
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