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Massa i energiya svyazi yadra
Massa yadra izmeryaetsya v atomnyh edinicah massy (a.e.m). Za odnu atomnuyu edinicu massy prinimaetsya 1/12 chast' massy neitral'nogo atoma ugleroda 12 S:1 a.e.m = 1.6606.10-27 kg.
A.e.m. vyrazhaetsya cherez energeticheskie edinicy:
1a.e.m = 1.5.10-3 erg = 1.510-10Dzh = 931.49 MeV
Massa yadra vsegda men'she massy sostavlyayushih ego nuklonov.
Energiya svyazi yadra Esv(A,Z) - eto minimal'naya energiya, neobhodimaya, chtoby razvalit' yadro na otdel'nye, sostavlyayushie ego nuklony.
Esv(A, Z) = [Z mp + (A - Z)mn - M(A, Z)]c2,
gde Z - chislo protonov, (A - Z) - chislo neitronov, mp- massa
protona, mn - massa neitrona, M(A,Z) - massa yadra s massovym chislom A
i zaryadom Z.
Polnaya energiya svyazi yadra, vyrazhennaya cherez
massu atoma Mat, imeet vid:
Esv(A, Z) = [ZmH + (A - Z)mn - Mat(A, Z) - Zme)]c2 ,
gde mH - massa atoma vodoroda, me - massa elektrona
Udel'naya energiya svyazi yadra
(A, Z) eto energiya svyazi,
prihodyashayasya na odin nuklon
(A, Z) = Esv(A,Z)
/
A.
Izbytok mass (defekt
mass) 
svyazan s massoi atoma Mat(A,Z) i massovym chislom A sootnosheniem:
= Mat(A,Z) - A.
Naibolee ustoichivy yadra, u kotoryh magicheskoe chislo protonov i/ili neitronov.
| Magicheskie chisla | |
| n | 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, 184 |
| p | 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 114 |
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
atomnoe yadro - atomnaya edinica massy - energiya svyazi yadra - izbytok mass - defekt massy - magicheskie chisla
Publikacii so slovami: atomnoe yadro - atomnaya edinica massy - energiya svyazi yadra - izbytok mass - defekt massy - magicheskie chisla |
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Sm. takzhe:
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