Poyasnenie: Eksplorer-1 byl pervym kosmicheskim korablem Soediennyh shtatov. Eto byl sputnik cilindricheskoi formy, vesivshii 13.6 kg. Eksplorer-1 startoval kak chetyrehstupenchataya raketa Yupiter-C (modificirovannaya ballisticheskaya raketa armii SShA "Krasnyi kamen'") i vyshel na orbitu vokrug Zemli 31 yanvarya 1958 goda. Na Eksplorere-1 byli ustanovleny pribory dlya izmereniya vnutrennei i vneshnei temperatur, registracii mikrometeoritnyh stolknovenii, eksperiment, razrabotannyi Dzheimsom A. Van Allenom dlya izmereniya plotnosti elektronov i ionov v kosmose. Eksperiment Van Allena s! delal neozhidannoe i udivitel'noe otkrytie - Zemlya okruzhena poyasom vysokoenergichnyh elektronov i ionov, zahvachennyh zemnoi magnitosferoi. Teper' etot poyas nazyvaetsya poyasom Van Allena (ili radiacionnym poyasom). Eksplorer-1 prekratil radioperedachi 28 fevralya 1958 goda, odnako nahodilsya na orbite eshe do marta 1970 goda.

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (USRA)
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NASA Official: Jay Norris. Specific rights apply.
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& Michigan Tech. U.

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