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Komptonovskaya dlina volny

- velichina razmernosti dliny, harakternaya dlya relyativistskih kvantovyh processov; vyrazhaetsya cherez massu m chasticy i universal'nye postoyannye h i c: $\lambda_C=h/mc$ . Dlya elektrona $\lambda_C=2,4263\cdot 10^{-10}$ sm, dlya protona $\lambda_C=1,3214\cdot 10^{-13}$ sm. K. d. v. nazyvayut takzhe velichinu ${\bar \lambda}_C=\lambda_C/2\pi$ . Nazvanie K. d. v. svyazano s tem, chto velichina $\lambda_C$ opredelyaet uvelichenie dliny volny el.-magn. izlucheniya pri komptonovskom rasseyanii na pokoyasheisya chastice.

K. d. v. opredelyaet masshtab prostranstv. neodnorodnostei polei, pri k-ryh stanovyatsya sushestvennymi kvantovye relyativistskie processy. Napr., v sluchae el.-magn. polya s neodnorodnostyami men'she K. d. v. elektrona, energiya fotonov $\varepsilon=h\nu (\nu=c/\lambda$ - chastota fotonov) okazyvaetsya bol'she energii pokoya elektrona m_ec² i, sledovatel'no, v etom pole stanovitsya vozmozhnym rozhdenie elektron-pozitronnyh par.

K. d. v. opredelyaet takzhe rasstoyanie, na k-roe mozhet udalit'sya virtual'naya chastica s massoi m ot tochki svoego rozhdeniya. Poetomu radius deistviya yadernyh sil (perenoschikom k-ryh yavl. v osnovnom virtual'nye $\pi$ -mezony - samye legkie iz sil'no vzaimodeistvuyushih chastic) po poryadku velichiny raven K. d. v. $\pi$ -mezona (~ 10^-13 sm).

(V.I. Grigor'ev)

V. I. Grigor'ev, "Fizika Kosmosa", 1986
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