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Relyativistskie chasticy

- chasticy, dvizhushiesya so skorostyami, priblizhayushimisya k skorosti sveta c. Dlya nih stanovyatsya vazhnymi effekty teorii otnositel'nosti, vpervuyu ochered' zavisimost' energii E ot skorosti $E=m_0 c^2 /\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}$ , gde m₀ - massa pokoya chasticy, v - ee skorost'. Pri etom impul's chasticy daetsya f-loi $p=m_0 v /\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}$ . Kinetich. energiya R.ch. poryadka ili bol'she ih energii pokoya. Sverh- ili ul'trarelyativistskimi nazyvayutsya chasticy, u k-ryh kinetich. energiya gorazdo bol'she energii pokoya. Predel'nym sluchaem yavl. chasticy s massoi pokoya m₀=0 i v=c. Energiya takoi chasticy svyazana s ee impul'som sootnosheniem E=|p|c. Soglasno teorii otnositel'nosti, vremya zhizni t nestabil'nyh otnositel'no raspada R.ch. rastyagivaetsya:
$t=\tau/\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}$ ,
gde $\tau$ - vremya zhizni pokoyasheisya chasticy. V astrofizike vazhnoe znachenie imeyut relyativistskie elektrony, poluchayushiesya pri uskorenii v kosmich. el.-magn. polyah i ispuchkayushie sinhrotronnoe izluchenie. V chastnosti, elektrony uskoryayutsya v el.-magn. polyah ostatkov vspyshek sverhnovyh. Iz R.ch. sostoyat i kosmicheskie luchi. Razognannye na uskoritelyah puchki R.ch. ispol'zuyut v eksperimental'noi fizike elementarnyh chastic. Processy vzaimodeistviya R.ch. imeyut harakternuyu osobennost': dvizhenie rozhdennyh chastic ili rasseyanie chastic v takom vzaimodeistvii proishodit preimushestvenno vpered - v napravlenii naletayushei R.ch.

"Fizika Kosmosa", 1986
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