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31.03.03. (vypusk N37) astro-ph za 24 - 31 marta 2003 goda: izbrannye stat'i

astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio

astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.

astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky

astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9^.10^-13 let^-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]

miniobzor astro-ph/0303498 Neotozhdestvlennye galakticheskie istochniki EGRET (Unidentified EGRET sources in the Galaxy)
Authors: I. A. Grenier
Commets: 8 pages, Proc. of the Texas Symposium, 2002, Florence, Italy
Sredi pochti treh soten istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom EGRET na Komptonovskoi observatorii (aka CGRO), otozhdestvleno menee 100. Ostal'nye zhdut svoego chasa. Tam, bezuslovno, est' i galakticheskie i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Galakticheskie vydelyayutsya po svoemu raspredeleniyu (koncentraciya k ploskosti Galaktiki i t.d.). Imenno ih i rassmatrivaet v svoei stat'e Izabel' Gren'e. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya neitronnym zvezdam iz Poyasa Gulda. O poslednem sm. takzhe stat'yu "3D dynamical evolution of the interstellar gas in the Gould Belt" astro-ph/0303516. V mae v Gong Konge budet celaya bol'shaya konferenciya po neotozhdestvlennym istochnikam EGRET. Nadeemsya, chto v nachale iyunya na Scientific.Ru poyavitsya rasskaz o nei.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303499 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.

obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables
"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.
Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.
Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.
PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.
V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.

obzor astro-ph/0303504 Kosmologiya topologicheskih defektov (Cosmology from Topological Defects)
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar.

obzor astro-ph/0303507 Optimal'nye tehniki dlya 2-mernoi spektroskopii ili kak vychitat' fon v 21 veke (Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century)
Authors: Daniel D. Kelson (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASP, Figures with full resolution available at http://www.ociw.edu/~kelson.
2-mernaya spektroskopiya - eto kogda na odnoi PZS-matrice fiksiruyutsya spektry ot mnogih ob'ektov v pole zreniya pribora ili ot bol'shogo chisla tochek izobrazheniya. Pri takoi tehnike izmerenii nachinayut igrat' rol' melkomasshtabnye neodnorodnosti i iskazheniya v matrice i v dispergiruyushem elemente + shum + kosmicheskie luchi + ... Podrobnee ob etom - v obzore. Po moemu on budet interesen ne tol'ko astronomam.

astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: B.A. Benson et al.
Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures
Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).

astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003
Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...
V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16
Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.

astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)
Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.
V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).

astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.
Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....

astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Esli v centre galaktiki est' sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyry, to zvezdy iz okruzhayushego ee (i obychno ochen' plotnogo) skopleniya budut ispytyvat' mnogochislennye prilivnye vozdeistviya razlichnogo proishozhdeniya:

pri blizkih giperbolicheskih parnyh sblizheniyah zvezd;
pri blizkih proletah (rasseyanii) na samoi chernoi dyre;
pri zahvate i posleduyushem priblizhenii zvezdy k chernoi dyre.
Ponyatnoe vvedenie i chislennye ocenki chastoty sobytii raznyh tipov.

obzor astro-ph/0303574 Pervaya sekunda Vselennoi (The first second of the Universe)
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...." -"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!" -"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".

ukazanie na vozmozhnoe otkrytie
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson
Commets: 53 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS, abstract condensed
"Zhil na svete Zashibala.
Na "Minoge" on letal.
On otkryl planet nemalo,
I na kazhdoi zashibal."
(iz mul'tfil'ma "Vlastelin Vremeni")

"K chemu tut planety?"- sprosite vy. Chitaite.
Samye izvestnye neitronnye zvezdy - pul'sary. Samyi izvestnyi pul'sar - pul'sar v Krabovidnoi tumannosti. Period vrasheniya etoi neitronnoi zvezdy okolo 33 ms. Vspyshka sverhnovoi nablyudalas' v 1054 g.

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut izmeneniya perioda vrasheniya po dannym radionablyudenii. Krome zamedleniya perioda, krome vtoroi proizvodnoi, est' eshe "shumovye" variacii (timing noise). Avtory detal'no issleduyut etot "shum" (snova skazhu: vremya - prakticheski edinstvennoe, chto my tochno i model'no nezavisimo izmeryaem v astronomii, potomu nado vytyagivat' kak mozhno bol'she informacii). I tut my podhodim k samomu glavnomu.....

Obnaruzheny periodicheskie (kvaziperiodicheskie?) variacii na masshtabe 568+/-10 dnei. Ih mozhno ob'yasnyat' po-raznomu. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii - planeta!
Planety u pul'sarov ne novost' ( sm. obzor). V 1992 g. v Nature poyavilas' stat'ya Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". S teh por planety otkryvali (i zakryvali) ne raz. V nashei strane izvestnym ekspertom po pul'sarnym planetam yavlyaetsya Tat'yana Shabanova iz Pushino. Po vsei vidimosti, planety obrazuyutsya iz veshestva ostavshegosya posle vzryva sverhnovoi, odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo.
Esli u Kraba i pravda est' planeta, to ee massa kak minimum v 3 raza prevoshodit massu Zemli (voobshe, u pul'sarov otkryvayut planety s massoi, sravnimoi s zemnoi, a ne s yupiterianskoi).
My ne hotim sozdavat' vpechatlenie, chto "U PUL'SARA V KRABE OTKRYTA PLANETA!!!" I avtory stat'i ne hotyat. Nuzhny novye issledovaniya. No vozmozhnost' ochen' interesnaya.

astro-ph/0303583 Novaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka yadra Galaktiki, zaregistrirovannaya HMM-N'yuton (A New X-Ray Flare from the Galactic Nucleus Detected with the XMM-Newton)
Authors: A. Goldwurm et al.
Commets: 8 pages, 5 color figures, 1 table, to be published in Conference Proceedings of the Galactic Center Workshop 2002, November 3-8, 2002, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markoff
Kak izvestno, v centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2 mln. mass Solnca. V radiodiapazone eto istochnik Sgr A*, potomu chasto imenno tak oboznachayut i samu dyru (tochnee, svyazannye s nei istochniki v drugih diapazonah). "Nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra ne otnositsya v chislu aktivnyh. Naprimer, v rentgenovskom diapazone - eto ochen' slabyi istochnik. Slabyi, no ne sovsem "mertvyi". Sputnik Chandra uzhe videl rentgenovskie vspyshki Sgr A*. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut novye dannye po vspyshechnoi aktivnosti Sgr A*, poluchennye na sputnike HMM-N'yuton. Svetimost' istochnika vozrasla za 15 minut v 20 raz. K sozhaleniyu, vspyshka prishlas' na konec seansa nablyudenii. No yasno, chto takaya aktivnost' Sgr A* ne yavlyaetsya redkim yavleniem. Tak chto budut eshe vspyshki.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy
Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.
Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.

astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments)
Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich
Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files
Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada ⁷¹Ga -> ⁷¹Ge prevyshaet 1.4^.10²⁷ let.

astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A
Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]

obzor astro-ph/0303609 Skopleniya galaktik - kraeugol'nye kamni kosmologii (Clusters of galaxies: a fundamental pillar of cosmology)
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press
Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.

astro-ph/0303625 Kvazary v Mess'e 82 (QSOs Associated with Messier 82)
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary.... kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82. Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet. Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.

astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages
Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.

astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.

astro-ph/0303654 Evolyuciya planetozimal'nyh diskov i migraciya planet (Evolution of planetesimal discs and planets migration)
Authors: A. Del Popolo et al.
Commets: 24 pages; 25 encapsulated figures
Journal-ref: 2003, MNRAS 339, 556
Original'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya dal'neishemu razvitiyu modeli obrazovaniya planetnyh sistem, predlozhennoi Del Popolo i dr. Rasschitany tempy migracii planet v zavisimosti ot massy protoplanetnogo diska.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu "On tidal capture of massive extra-solar planets", posvyashennuyu prilivnomu zahvatu planet.

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky
Commets: 20 pages, 4 figures, AASTeX. A shortened version has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (2003, 586, L61)
U vnegalakticheskogo ul'tramoshnogo istochnika po dannym HMM-N'yuton otkryty kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii na chastote 54 mGc.
Napomnim, chto istochniki nazyvayut ul'tramoshnymi, poskol'ku ih svetimost' (moshnost') prevoshodit Eddingtonovskii predel dlya tipichnoi chernoi dyry s massoi 10 mass Solnca. Mnogie issledovateli polagayut, chto net neobhodimosti pomeshat' v istochnik bolee massivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Vozmozhno, my prosto zavyshaem svetimost', ispol'zuya predpolozhenie o sfericheskoi simmetrii izlucheniya sistemy. Esli zhe est' vydelennye napravleniya (dzhety), chto svetimost' budet men'she, a vidim my yarkii istochnik tol'ko potomu, chto smotrim "v zherlo".
Tak vot avtory polagayut, chto ih dannye (otmetim, chto opyat' zhe dannye HMM-N'yuton i Chandry v nekotorom smysle dopolnyayut drug druga) govoryat o vysokoi svetimosti (poryadka (4 - 5) 10⁴⁰ erg/s).

My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

kur'ez? cs.SD/0303025 Algorithmic Clustering of Music
Authors: Rudi Cilibrasi et al.
Commets: 17 pages, 11 figures
Algebroi po garmoshke.
Pervaya fraza abstrakta: "my predstavlyaem polnost'yu avtomaticheskii metod klassifikacii muzyki...". Rech', konechno, idet o vpolne prikladnyh veshah: obilie muzyki v cifrovom formate (osobenno v Seti) trebuet metodov avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii. Vse eto imeet i kommercheskoe prilozhenie: "esli vam nravitsya eto, to vot pohozhee".

physics/0303116 Neutrino Oscillations for Dummies
Authors: Chris Waltham
Commets: 18 pages
Populyarnyi rasskaz pro oscillyacii neitrino.

Arhiv zaglavii statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski. Polnyi Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov
astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.

astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky

astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9^.10^-13 let^-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]

miniobzor astro-ph/0303498 Neotozhdestvlennye galakticheskie istochniki EGRET (Unidentified EGRET sources in the Galaxy)
Authors: I. A. Grenier
Commets: 8 pages, Proc. of the Texas Symposium, 2002, Florence, Italy
Sredi pochti treh soten istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom EGRET na Komptonovskoi observatorii (aka CGRO), otozhdestvleno menee 100. Ostal'nye zhdut svoego chasa. Tam, bezuslovno, est' i galakticheskie i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Galakticheskie vydelyayutsya po svoemu raspredeleniyu (koncentraciya k ploskosti Galaktiki i t.d.). Imenno ih i rassmatrivaet v svoei stat'e Izabel' Gren'e. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya neitronnym zvezdam iz Poyasa Gulda. O poslednem sm. takzhe stat'yu "3D dynamical evolution of the interstellar gas in the Gould Belt" astro-ph/0303516. V mae v Gong Konge budet celaya bol'shaya konferenciya po neotozhdestvlennym istochnikam EGRET. Nadeemsya, chto v nachale iyunya na Scientific.Ru poyavitsya rasskaz o nei.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303499 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.

obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables
"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.
Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.
Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.
PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.
V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.

obzor astro-ph/0303504 Kosmologiya topologicheskih defektov (Cosmology from Topological Defects)
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar.

obzor astro-ph/0303507 Optimal'nye tehniki dlya 2-mernoi spektroskopii ili kak vychitat' fon v 21 veke (Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century)
Authors: Daniel D. Kelson (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASP, Figures with full resolution available at http://www.ociw.edu/~kelson.
2-mernaya spektroskopiya - eto kogda na odnoi PZS-matrice fiksiruyutsya spektry ot mnogih ob'ektov v pole zreniya pribora ili ot bol'shogo chisla tochek izobrazheniya. Pri takoi tehnike izmerenii nachinayut igrat' rol' melkomasshtabnye neodnorodnosti i iskazheniya v matrice i v dispergiruyushem elemente + shum + kosmicheskie luchi + ... Podrobnee ob etom - v obzore. Po moemu on budet interesen ne tol'ko astronomam.

astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: B.A. Benson et al.
Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures
Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).

astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003
Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...
V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16
Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.

astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)
Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.
V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).

astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.
Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....

astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Esli v centre galaktiki est' sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyry, to zvezdy iz okruzhayushego ee (i obychno ochen' plotnogo) skopleniya budut ispytyvat' mnogochislennye prilivnye vozdeistviya razlichnogo proishozhdeniya:

pri blizkih giperbolicheskih parnyh sblizheniyah zvezd;
pri blizkih proletah (rasseyanii) na samoi chernoi dyre;
pri zahvate i posleduyushem priblizhenii zvezdy k chernoi dyre.
Ponyatnoe vvedenie i chislennye ocenki chastoty sobytii raznyh tipov.

obzor astro-ph/0303574 Pervaya sekunda Vselennoi (The first second of the Universe)
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...." -"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!" -"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".

ukazanie na vozmozhnoe otkrytie
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson
Commets: 53 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS, abstract condensed
"Zhil na svete Zashibala.
Na "Minoge" on letal.
On otkryl planet nemalo,
I na kazhdoi zashibal."
(iz mul'tfil'ma "Vlastelin Vremeni")

"K chemu tut planety?"- sprosite vy. Chitaite.
Samye izvestnye neitronnye zvezdy - pul'sary. Samyi izvestnyi pul'sar - pul'sar v Krabovidnoi tumannosti. Period vrasheniya etoi neitronnoi zvezdy okolo 33 ms. Vspyshka sverhnovoi nablyudalas' v 1054 g.

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut izmeneniya perioda vrasheniya po dannym radionablyudenii. Krome zamedleniya perioda, krome vtoroi proizvodnoi, est' eshe "shumovye" variacii (timing noise). Avtory detal'no issleduyut etot "shum" (snova skazhu: vremya - prakticheski edinstvennoe, chto my tochno i model'no nezavisimo izmeryaem v astronomii, potomu nado vytyagivat' kak mozhno bol'she informacii). I tut my podhodim k samomu glavnomu.....

Obnaruzheny periodicheskie (kvaziperiodicheskie?) variacii na masshtabe 568+/-10 dnei. Ih mozhno ob'yasnyat' po-raznomu. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii - planeta!
Planety u pul'sarov ne novost' ( sm. obzor). V 1992 g. v Nature poyavilas' stat'ya Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". S teh por planety otkryvali (i zakryvali) ne raz. V nashei strane izvestnym ekspertom po pul'sarnym planetam yavlyaetsya Tat'yana Shabanova iz Pushino. Po vsei vidimosti, planety obrazuyutsya iz veshestva ostavshegosya posle vzryva sverhnovoi, odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo.
Esli u Kraba i pravda est' planeta, to ee massa kak minimum v 3 raza prevoshodit massu Zemli (voobshe, u pul'sarov otkryvayut planety s massoi, sravnimoi s zemnoi, a ne s yupiterianskoi).
My ne hotim sozdavat' vpechatlenie, chto "U PUL'SARA V KRABE OTKRYTA PLANETA!!!" I avtory stat'i ne hotyat. Nuzhny novye issledovaniya. No vozmozhnost' ochen' interesnaya.

astro-ph/0303583 Novaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka yadra Galaktiki, zaregistrirovannaya HMM-N'yuton (A New X-Ray Flare from the Galactic Nucleus Detected with the XMM-Newton)
Authors: A. Goldwurm et al.
Commets: 8 pages, 5 color figures, 1 table, to be published in Conference Proceedings of the Galactic Center Workshop 2002, November 3-8, 2002, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markoff
Kak izvestno, v centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2 mln. mass Solnca. V radiodiapazone eto istochnik Sgr A*, potomu chasto imenno tak oboznachayut i samu dyru (tochnee, svyazannye s nei istochniki v drugih diapazonah). "Nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra ne otnositsya v chislu aktivnyh. Naprimer, v rentgenovskom diapazone - eto ochen' slabyi istochnik. Slabyi, no ne sovsem "mertvyi". Sputnik Chandra uzhe videl rentgenovskie vspyshki Sgr A*. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut novye dannye po vspyshechnoi aktivnosti Sgr A*, poluchennye na sputnike HMM-N'yuton. Svetimost' istochnika vozrasla za 15 minut v 20 raz. K sozhaleniyu, vspyshka prishlas' na konec seansa nablyudenii. No yasno, chto takaya aktivnost' Sgr A* ne yavlyaetsya redkim yavleniem. Tak chto budut eshe vspyshki.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy
Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.
Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.

astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments)
Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich
Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files
Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada ⁷¹Ga -> ⁷¹Ge prevyshaet 1.4^.10²⁷ let.

astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A
Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]

obzor astro-ph/0303609 Skopleniya galaktik - kraeugol'nye kamni kosmologii (Clusters of galaxies: a fundamental pillar of cosmology)
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press
Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.

astro-ph/0303625 Kvazary v Mess'e 82 (QSOs Associated with Messier 82)
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary.... kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82. Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet. Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.

astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages
Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.

astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.

astro-ph/0303654 Evolyuciya planetozimal'nyh diskov i migraciya planet (Evolution of planetesimal discs and planets migration)
Authors: A. Del Popolo et al.
Commets: 24 pages; 25 encapsulated figures
Journal-ref: 2003, MNRAS 339, 556
Original'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya dal'neishemu razvitiyu modeli obrazovaniya planetnyh sistem, predlozhennoi Del Popolo i dr. Rasschitany tempy migracii planet v zavisimosti ot massy protoplanetnogo diska.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu "On tidal capture of massive extra-solar planets", posvyashennuyu prilivnomu zahvatu planet.

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky
Commets: 20 pages, 4 figures, AASTeX. A shortened version has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (2003, 586, L61)
U vnegalakticheskogo ul'tramoshnogo istochnika po dannym HMM-N'yuton otkryty kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii na chastote 54 mGc.
Napomnim, chto istochniki nazyvayut ul'tramoshnymi, poskol'ku ih svetimost' (moshnost') prevoshodit Eddingtonovskii predel dlya tipichnoi chernoi dyry s massoi 10 mass Solnca. Mnogie issledovateli polagayut, chto net neobhodimosti pomeshat' v istochnik bolee massivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Vozmozhno, my prosto zavyshaem svetimost', ispol'zuya predpolozhenie o sfericheskoi simmetrii izlucheniya sistemy. Esli zhe est' vydelennye napravleniya (dzhety), chto svetimost' budet men'she, a vidim my yarkii istochnik tol'ko potomu, chto smotrim "v zherlo".
Tak vot avtory polagayut, chto ih dannye (otmetim, chto opyat' zhe dannye HMM-N'yuton i Chandry v nekotorom smysle dopolnyayut drug druga) govoryat o vysokoi svetimosti (poryadka (4 - 5) 10⁴⁰ erg/s).

My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

kur'ez? cs.SD/0303025 Algorithmic Clustering of Music
Authors: Rudi Cilibrasi et al.
Commets: 17 pages, 11 figures
Algebroi po garmoshke.
Pervaya fraza abstrakta: "my predstavlyaem polnost'yu avtomaticheskii metod klassifikacii muzyki...". Rech', konechno, idet o vpolne prikladnyh veshah: obilie muzyki v cifrovom formate (osobenno v Seti) trebuet metodov avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii. Vse eto imeet i kommercheskoe prilozhenie: "esli vam nravitsya eto, to vot pohozhee".

physics/0303116 Neutrino Oscillations for Dummies
Authors: Chris Waltham
Commets: 18 pages
Populyarnyi rasskaz pro oscillyacii neitrino.

Arhiv zaglavii statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski. Polnyi Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky

astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9^.10^-13 let^-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]

miniobzor astro-ph/0303498 Neotozhdestvlennye galakticheskie istochniki EGRET (Unidentified EGRET sources in the Galaxy)
Authors: I. A. Grenier
Commets: 8 pages, Proc. of the Texas Symposium, 2002, Florence, Italy
Sredi pochti treh soten istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom EGRET na Komptonovskoi observatorii (aka CGRO), otozhdestvleno menee 100. Ostal'nye zhdut svoego chasa. Tam, bezuslovno, est' i galakticheskie i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Galakticheskie vydelyayutsya po svoemu raspredeleniyu (koncentraciya k ploskosti Galaktiki i t.d.). Imenno ih i rassmatrivaet v svoei stat'e Izabel' Gren'e. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya neitronnym zvezdam iz Poyasa Gulda. O poslednem sm. takzhe stat'yu "3D dynamical evolution of the interstellar gas in the Gould Belt" astro-ph/0303516. V mae v Gong Konge budet celaya bol'shaya konferenciya po neotozhdestvlennym istochnikam EGRET. Nadeemsya, chto v nachale iyunya na Scientific.Ru poyavitsya rasskaz o nei.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303499 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.

obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables
"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.
Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.
Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.
PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.
V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.

obzor astro-ph/0303504 Kosmologiya topologicheskih defektov (Cosmology from Topological Defects)
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar.

obzor astro-ph/0303507 Optimal'nye tehniki dlya 2-mernoi spektroskopii ili kak vychitat' fon v 21 veke (Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century)
Authors: Daniel D. Kelson (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASP, Figures with full resolution available at http://www.ociw.edu/~kelson.
2-mernaya spektroskopiya - eto kogda na odnoi PZS-matrice fiksiruyutsya spektry ot mnogih ob'ektov v pole zreniya pribora ili ot bol'shogo chisla tochek izobrazheniya. Pri takoi tehnike izmerenii nachinayut igrat' rol' melkomasshtabnye neodnorodnosti i iskazheniya v matrice i v dispergiruyushem elemente + shum + kosmicheskie luchi + ... Podrobnee ob etom - v obzore. Po moemu on budet interesen ne tol'ko astronomam.

astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: B.A. Benson et al.
Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures
Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).

astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003
Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...
V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16
Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.

astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)
Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.
V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).

astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.
Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....

astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Esli v centre galaktiki est' sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyry, to zvezdy iz okruzhayushego ee (i obychno ochen' plotnogo) skopleniya budut ispytyvat' mnogochislennye prilivnye vozdeistviya razlichnogo proishozhdeniya:

pri blizkih giperbolicheskih parnyh sblizheniyah zvezd;
pri blizkih proletah (rasseyanii) na samoi chernoi dyre;
pri zahvate i posleduyushem priblizhenii zvezdy k chernoi dyre.
Ponyatnoe vvedenie i chislennye ocenki chastoty sobytii raznyh tipov.

obzor astro-ph/0303574 Pervaya sekunda Vselennoi (The first second of the Universe)
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...." -"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!" -"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".

ukazanie na vozmozhnoe otkrytie
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson
Commets: 53 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS, abstract condensed
"Zhil na svete Zashibala.
Na "Minoge" on letal.
On otkryl planet nemalo,
I na kazhdoi zashibal."
(iz mul'tfil'ma "Vlastelin Vremeni")

"K chemu tut planety?"- sprosite vy. Chitaite.
Samye izvestnye neitronnye zvezdy - pul'sary. Samyi izvestnyi pul'sar - pul'sar v Krabovidnoi tumannosti. Period vrasheniya etoi neitronnoi zvezdy okolo 33 ms. Vspyshka sverhnovoi nablyudalas' v 1054 g.

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut izmeneniya perioda vrasheniya po dannym radionablyudenii. Krome zamedleniya perioda, krome vtoroi proizvodnoi, est' eshe "shumovye" variacii (timing noise). Avtory detal'no issleduyut etot "shum" (snova skazhu: vremya - prakticheski edinstvennoe, chto my tochno i model'no nezavisimo izmeryaem v astronomii, potomu nado vytyagivat' kak mozhno bol'she informacii). I tut my podhodim k samomu glavnomu.....

Obnaruzheny periodicheskie (kvaziperiodicheskie?) variacii na masshtabe 568+/-10 dnei. Ih mozhno ob'yasnyat' po-raznomu. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii - planeta!
Planety u pul'sarov ne novost' ( sm. obzor). V 1992 g. v Nature poyavilas' stat'ya Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". S teh por planety otkryvali (i zakryvali) ne raz. V nashei strane izvestnym ekspertom po pul'sarnym planetam yavlyaetsya Tat'yana Shabanova iz Pushino. Po vsei vidimosti, planety obrazuyutsya iz veshestva ostavshegosya posle vzryva sverhnovoi, odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo.
Esli u Kraba i pravda est' planeta, to ee massa kak minimum v 3 raza prevoshodit massu Zemli (voobshe, u pul'sarov otkryvayut planety s massoi, sravnimoi s zemnoi, a ne s yupiterianskoi).
My ne hotim sozdavat' vpechatlenie, chto "U PUL'SARA V KRABE OTKRYTA PLANETA!!!" I avtory stat'i ne hotyat. Nuzhny novye issledovaniya. No vozmozhnost' ochen' interesnaya.

astro-ph/0303583 Novaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka yadra Galaktiki, zaregistrirovannaya HMM-N'yuton (A New X-Ray Flare from the Galactic Nucleus Detected with the XMM-Newton)
Authors: A. Goldwurm et al.
Commets: 8 pages, 5 color figures, 1 table, to be published in Conference Proceedings of the Galactic Center Workshop 2002, November 3-8, 2002, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markoff
Kak izvestno, v centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2 mln. mass Solnca. V radiodiapazone eto istochnik Sgr A*, potomu chasto imenno tak oboznachayut i samu dyru (tochnee, svyazannye s nei istochniki v drugih diapazonah). "Nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra ne otnositsya v chislu aktivnyh. Naprimer, v rentgenovskom diapazone - eto ochen' slabyi istochnik. Slabyi, no ne sovsem "mertvyi". Sputnik Chandra uzhe videl rentgenovskie vspyshki Sgr A*. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut novye dannye po vspyshechnoi aktivnosti Sgr A*, poluchennye na sputnike HMM-N'yuton. Svetimost' istochnika vozrasla za 15 minut v 20 raz. K sozhaleniyu, vspyshka prishlas' na konec seansa nablyudenii. No yasno, chto takaya aktivnost' Sgr A* ne yavlyaetsya redkim yavleniem. Tak chto budut eshe vspyshki.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy
Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.
Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.

astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments)
Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich
Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files
Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada ⁷¹Ga -> ⁷¹Ge prevyshaet 1.4^.10²⁷ let.

astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A
Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]

obzor astro-ph/0303609 Skopleniya galaktik - kraeugol'nye kamni kosmologii (Clusters of galaxies: a fundamental pillar of cosmology)
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press
Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.

astro-ph/0303625 Kvazary v Mess'e 82 (QSOs Associated with Messier 82)
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary.... kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82. Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet. Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.

astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages
Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.

astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.

astro-ph/0303654 Evolyuciya planetozimal'nyh diskov i migraciya planet (Evolution of planetesimal discs and planets migration)
Authors: A. Del Popolo et al.
Commets: 24 pages; 25 encapsulated figures
Journal-ref: 2003, MNRAS 339, 556
Original'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya dal'neishemu razvitiyu modeli obrazovaniya planetnyh sistem, predlozhennoi Del Popolo i dr. Rasschitany tempy migracii planet v zavisimosti ot massy protoplanetnogo diska.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu "On tidal capture of massive extra-solar planets", posvyashennuyu prilivnomu zahvatu planet.

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky
Commets: 20 pages, 4 figures, AASTeX. A shortened version has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (2003, 586, L61)
U vnegalakticheskogo ul'tramoshnogo istochnika po dannym HMM-N'yuton otkryty kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii na chastote 54 mGc.
Napomnim, chto istochniki nazyvayut ul'tramoshnymi, poskol'ku ih svetimost' (moshnost') prevoshodit Eddingtonovskii predel dlya tipichnoi chernoi dyry s massoi 10 mass Solnca. Mnogie issledovateli polagayut, chto net neobhodimosti pomeshat' v istochnik bolee massivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Vozmozhno, my prosto zavyshaem svetimost', ispol'zuya predpolozhenie o sfericheskoi simmetrii izlucheniya sistemy. Esli zhe est' vydelennye napravleniya (dzhety), chto svetimost' budet men'she, a vidim my yarkii istochnik tol'ko potomu, chto smotrim "v zherlo".
Tak vot avtory polagayut, chto ih dannye (otmetim, chto opyat' zhe dannye HMM-N'yuton i Chandry v nekotorom smysle dopolnyayut drug druga) govoryat o vysokoi svetimosti (poryadka (4 - 5) 10⁴⁰ erg/s).

My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

kur'ez? cs.SD/0303025 Algorithmic Clustering of Music
Authors: Rudi Cilibrasi et al.
Commets: 17 pages, 11 figures
Algebroi po garmoshke.
Pervaya fraza abstrakta: "my predstavlyaem polnost'yu avtomaticheskii metod klassifikacii muzyki...". Rech', konechno, idet o vpolne prikladnyh veshah: obilie muzyki v cifrovom formate (osobenno v Seti) trebuet metodov avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii. Vse eto imeet i kommercheskoe prilozhenie: "esli vam nravitsya eto, to vot pohozhee".

physics/0303116 Neutrino Oscillations for Dummies
Authors: Chris Waltham
Commets: 18 pages
Populyarnyi rasskaz pro oscillyacii neitrino.

Arhiv zaglavii statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski. Polnyi Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov
astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky

astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9^.10^-13 let^-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]

miniobzor astro-ph/0303498 Neotozhdestvlennye galakticheskie istochniki EGRET (Unidentified EGRET sources in the Galaxy)
Authors: I. A. Grenier
Commets: 8 pages, Proc. of the Texas Symposium, 2002, Florence, Italy
Sredi pochti treh soten istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom EGRET na Komptonovskoi observatorii (aka CGRO), otozhdestvleno menee 100. Ostal'nye zhdut svoego chasa. Tam, bezuslovno, est' i galakticheskie i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Galakticheskie vydelyayutsya po svoemu raspredeleniyu (koncentraciya k ploskosti Galaktiki i t.d.). Imenno ih i rassmatrivaet v svoei stat'e Izabel' Gren'e. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya neitronnym zvezdam iz Poyasa Gulda. O poslednem sm. takzhe stat'yu "3D dynamical evolution of the interstellar gas in the Gould Belt" astro-ph/0303516. V mae v Gong Konge budet celaya bol'shaya konferenciya po neotozhdestvlennym istochnikam EGRET. Nadeemsya, chto v nachale iyunya na Scientific.Ru poyavitsya rasskaz o nei.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303499 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.

obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables
"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.
Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.
Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.
PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.
V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.

obzor astro-ph/0303504 Kosmologiya topologicheskih defektov (Cosmology from Topological Defects)
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar.

obzor astro-ph/0303507 Optimal'nye tehniki dlya 2-mernoi spektroskopii ili kak vychitat' fon v 21 veke (Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century)
Authors: Daniel D. Kelson (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASP, Figures with full resolution available at http://www.ociw.edu/~kelson.
2-mernaya spektroskopiya - eto kogda na odnoi PZS-matrice fiksiruyutsya spektry ot mnogih ob'ektov v pole zreniya pribora ili ot bol'shogo chisla tochek izobrazheniya. Pri takoi tehnike izmerenii nachinayut igrat' rol' melkomasshtabnye neodnorodnosti i iskazheniya v matrice i v dispergiruyushem elemente + shum + kosmicheskie luchi + ... Podrobnee ob etom - v obzore. Po moemu on budet interesen ne tol'ko astronomam.

astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies)
Authors: B.A. Benson et al.
Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures
Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).

astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003
Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...
V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16
Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.

astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)
Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.
V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).

astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.
Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....

astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Esli v centre galaktiki est' sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyry, to zvezdy iz okruzhayushego ee (i obychno ochen' plotnogo) skopleniya budut ispytyvat' mnogochislennye prilivnye vozdeistviya razlichnogo proishozhdeniya:

pri blizkih giperbolicheskih parnyh sblizheniyah zvezd;
pri blizkih proletah (rasseyanii) na samoi chernoi dyre;
pri zahvate i posleduyushem priblizhenii zvezdy k chernoi dyre.
Ponyatnoe vvedenie i chislennye ocenki chastoty sobytii raznyh tipov.

obzor astro-ph/0303574 Pervaya sekunda Vselennoi (The first second of the Universe)
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...." -"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!" -"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".

ukazanie na vozmozhnoe otkrytie
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson
Commets: 53 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS, abstract condensed
"Zhil na svete Zashibala.
Na "Minoge" on letal.
On otkryl planet nemalo,
I na kazhdoi zashibal."
(iz mul'tfil'ma "Vlastelin Vremeni")

"K chemu tut planety?"- sprosite vy. Chitaite.
Samye izvestnye neitronnye zvezdy - pul'sary. Samyi izvestnyi pul'sar - pul'sar v Krabovidnoi tumannosti. Period vrasheniya etoi neitronnoi zvezdy okolo 33 ms. Vspyshka sverhnovoi nablyudalas' v 1054 g.

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut izmeneniya perioda vrasheniya po dannym radionablyudenii. Krome zamedleniya perioda, krome vtoroi proizvodnoi, est' eshe "shumovye" variacii (timing noise). Avtory detal'no issleduyut etot "shum" (snova skazhu: vremya - prakticheski edinstvennoe, chto my tochno i model'no nezavisimo izmeryaem v astronomii, potomu nado vytyagivat' kak mozhno bol'she informacii). I tut my podhodim k samomu glavnomu.....

Obnaruzheny periodicheskie (kvaziperiodicheskie?) variacii na masshtabe 568+/-10 dnei. Ih mozhno ob'yasnyat' po-raznomu. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii - planeta!
Planety u pul'sarov ne novost' ( sm. obzor). V 1992 g. v Nature poyavilas' stat'ya Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". S teh por planety otkryvali (i zakryvali) ne raz. V nashei strane izvestnym ekspertom po pul'sarnym planetam yavlyaetsya Tat'yana Shabanova iz Pushino. Po vsei vidimosti, planety obrazuyutsya iz veshestva ostavshegosya posle vzryva sverhnovoi, odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo.
Esli u Kraba i pravda est' planeta, to ee massa kak minimum v 3 raza prevoshodit massu Zemli (voobshe, u pul'sarov otkryvayut planety s massoi, sravnimoi s zemnoi, a ne s yupiterianskoi).
My ne hotim sozdavat' vpechatlenie, chto "U PUL'SARA V KRABE OTKRYTA PLANETA!!!" I avtory stat'i ne hotyat. Nuzhny novye issledovaniya. No vozmozhnost' ochen' interesnaya.

astro-ph/0303583 Novaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka yadra Galaktiki, zaregistrirovannaya HMM-N'yuton (A New X-Ray Flare from the Galactic Nucleus Detected with the XMM-Newton)
Authors: A. Goldwurm et al.
Commets: 8 pages, 5 color figures, 1 table, to be published in Conference Proceedings of the Galactic Center Workshop 2002, November 3-8, 2002, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markoff
Kak izvestno, v centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2 mln. mass Solnca. V radiodiapazone eto istochnik Sgr A*, potomu chasto imenno tak oboznachayut i samu dyru (tochnee, svyazannye s nei istochniki v drugih diapazonah). "Nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra ne otnositsya v chislu aktivnyh. Naprimer, v rentgenovskom diapazone - eto ochen' slabyi istochnik. Slabyi, no ne sovsem "mertvyi". Sputnik Chandra uzhe videl rentgenovskie vspyshki Sgr A*. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut novye dannye po vspyshechnoi aktivnosti Sgr A*, poluchennye na sputnike HMM-N'yuton. Svetimost' istochnika vozrasla za 15 minut v 20 raz. K sozhaleniyu, vspyshka prishlas' na konec seansa nablyudenii. No yasno, chto takaya aktivnost' Sgr A* ne yavlyaetsya redkim yavleniem. Tak chto budut eshe vspyshki.

miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy
Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.
Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.

astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments)
Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich
Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files
Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada ⁷¹Ga -> ⁷¹Ge prevyshaet 1.4^.10²⁷ let.

astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A
Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]

obzor astro-ph/0303609 Skopleniya galaktik - kraeugol'nye kamni kosmologii (Clusters of galaxies: a fundamental pillar of cosmology)
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press
Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.

astro-ph/0303625 Kvazary v Mess'e 82 (QSOs Associated with Messier 82)
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary.... kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82. Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet. Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.

astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes)
Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe
Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages
Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.

astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.

astro-ph/0303654 Evolyuciya planetozimal'nyh diskov i migraciya planet (Evolution of planetesimal discs and planets migration)
Authors: A. Del Popolo et al.
Commets: 24 pages; 25 encapsulated figures
Journal-ref: 2003, MNRAS 339, 556
Original'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya dal'neishemu razvitiyu modeli obrazovaniya planetnyh sistem, predlozhennoi Del Popolo i dr. Rasschitany tempy migracii planet v zavisimosti ot massy protoplanetnogo diska.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu "On tidal capture of massive extra-solar planets", posvyashennuyu prilivnomu zahvatu planet.

astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming)
Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky
Commets: 20 pages, 4 figures, AASTeX. A shortened version has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (2003, 586, L61)
U vnegalakticheskogo ul'tramoshnogo istochnika po dannym HMM-N'yuton otkryty kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii na chastote 54 mGc.
Napomnim, chto istochniki nazyvayut ul'tramoshnymi, poskol'ku ih svetimost' (moshnost') prevoshodit Eddingtonovskii predel dlya tipichnoi chernoi dyry s massoi 10 mass Solnca. Mnogie issledovateli polagayut, chto net neobhodimosti pomeshat' v istochnik bolee massivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Vozmozhno, my prosto zavyshaem svetimost', ispol'zuya predpolozhenie o sfericheskoi simmetrii izlucheniya sistemy. Esli zhe est' vydelennye napravleniya (dzhety), chto svetimost' budet men'she, a vidim my yarkii istochnik tol'ko potomu, chto smotrim "v zherlo".
Tak vot avtory polagayut, chto ih dannye (otmetim, chto opyat' zhe dannye HMM-N'yuton i Chandry v nekotorom smysle dopolnyayut drug druga) govoryat o vysokoi svetimosti (poryadka (4 - 5) 10⁴⁰ erg/s).

My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

kur'ez? cs.SD/0303025 Algorithmic Clustering of Music
Authors: Rudi Cilibrasi et al.
Commets: 17 pages, 11 figures
Algebroi po garmoshke.
Pervaya fraza abstrakta: "my predstavlyaem polnost'yu avtomaticheskii metod klassifikacii muzyki...". Rech', konechno, idet o vpolne prikladnyh veshah: obilie muzyki v cifrovom formate (osobenno v Seti) trebuet metodov avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii. Vse eto imeet i kommercheskoe prilozhenie: "esli vam nravitsya eto, to vot pohozhee".

physics/0303116 Neutrino Oscillations for Dummies
Authors: Chris Waltham
Commets: 18 pages
Populyarnyi rasskaz pro oscillyacii neitrino.

Arhiv zaglavii statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski. Polnyi Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov

astro-ph/0303489 Novye ogranicheniya na temp izmeneniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi po belym karlikam (A new white dwarf constraint on the rate of change of the gravitational constant)
Authors: Marek Biesiada, Beata Malec
Commets: 9 pages, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett
Ogranicheniya osnovany na nablyudeniyah izmeneniya perioda osnovnoi 215.2 s pul'sacionnoi mody kolebanii u belogo karlika G117-B15A. Evolyuciya etogo ob'ekta svyazana s ego ostyvaniem za schet izlucheniya s poverhnosti i vyzvannogo etim szhatiya. Eti processy, v svoyu ochered', sil'nym obrazom zavisyat ot znacheniya gravitacionnoi postoyannoi G. V rezul'tate polucheno samoe zhestkoe na segodnya ogranichenie:
|\dotG/G|<4.9^.10^-13 let^-1. [Primechanie 1: V otlichie ot bol'shinstva ostal'nyh astronomicheskih i kosmologicheskih ogranichenii eto otnositsya prakticheski k segodnyashnemu momentu vremeni i k nebol'shim rasstoyaniyam v prostranstve.
Primechanie 2: net uverennosti v tom, chto byli uchteny vse sistematicheskie oshibki, t.e. v tom naskol'ko horosho my znaem belie karliki.]
miniobzor astro-ph/0303498 Neotozhdestvlennye galakticheskie istochniki EGRET (Unidentified EGRET sources in the Galaxy)
Authors: I. A. Grenier
Commets: 8 pages, Proc. of the Texas Symposium, 2002, Florence, Italy
Sredi pochti treh soten istochnikov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom EGRET na Komptonovskoi observatorii (aka CGRO), otozhdestvleno menee 100. Ostal'nye zhdut svoego chasa. Tam, bezuslovno, est' i galakticheskie i vnegalakticheskie ob'ekty. Galakticheskie vydelyayutsya po svoemu raspredeleniyu (koncentraciya k ploskosti Galaktiki i t.d.). Imenno ih i rassmatrivaet v svoei stat'e Izabel' Gren'e. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya neitronnym zvezdam iz Poyasa Gulda. O poslednem sm. takzhe stat'yu "3D dynamical evolution of the interstellar gas in the Gould Belt" astro-ph/0303516. V mae v Gong Konge budet celaya bol'shaya konferenciya po neotozhdestvlennym istochnikam EGRET. Nadeemsya, chto v nachale iyunya na Scientific.Ru poyavitsya rasskaz o nei.
miniobzor astro-ph/0303499 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
Authors: Gerald Cleaver
Commets: 10 pages. Standard Latex
Obzor po strunnoi kosmologii. Avtor daet kratkoe vvedenie, posle chego obsuzhdaet astronomicheskie prilozheniya sovremennyh strunnyh modelei.
obzor! astro-ph/0303500 Mir soglasno Kosmicheskomu teleskopu im. Habbla (The world according to the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Mario Livio
Commets: 83 pages, 29 individual .jpg and .gif figures, 3 tables
"Vse chudesa v odnoi knige".
V obzore (knige!) populyarno rasskazyvaetsya ob osnovnyh dostizheniya Kosmicheskogo teleskopa za 13 let raboty: ot Solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. Livio nachinaet s padeniya komety Shumeikerov-Levi na Yupiter, i zakanchivaet otkrytiem uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Sushestvenno i to, chto Livio ne prosto perechislyaet otkrytiya, on mnogo rasskazyvaet o fizike yavlenii. T.o. mozhno na samom dele uznat' mnogo novogo. Naprimer, rasskazyvaya ob izmerenii postoyannoi Habbla, on ne tol'ko perechislyaet osnovnye indikatory rasstoyanii (t.n. "standartnye svechi" i "standartnye lineiki"), no i kratko i yasno opisyvaet, pochemu voznikaet to ili inoe sootnoshenie (Tulli-Fisher, fluktuacii poverhnostnoi yarkosti i dr.). Tak chto obzor polezen i kak chtenie pered ekzamenom v aspiranturu.
Hotya ya upotrebil slovo "populyarno", no eto oznachaet skoree "dostupno dlya astronomov-professionalov, opytnyh lyubitelei, prepodavatelei ...". V obshem trebuetsya normal'noe bazovoe astronomicheskoe obrazovanie na urovne studentov mladshih kursov. Kniga ne rasschitana na sovsem populyarnyi uroven' (t.e. na shkol'nyi kurs), pisalas' ona skoree dlya professionalov. Spisok ssylok zanimaet 15 stranic. I eto konechno daleko ne vse, chto mozhno bylo vklyuchit', no, dvigayas' po ssylkam, mozhno naiti vse osnovnye original'nye raboty.
Napomnim, chto na teleskop Habbla postoyanno ustanavlivaetsya novaya apparatura. Sleduyushii reis zaplanirovan na 2004 g. (katastrofa Kolumbii mozhet privesti k eshe bol'shei zaderzhke poleta). Tak chto Kosmicheskii teleskop budet davat' rezul'taty eshe ne odin god, prichem vse bolee kachestvennye rezul'taty.
PostScript-fail zanimaet 83 stranicy, risunki i fotografii prilagayutsya otdel'no, chto ne ochen' udobno. PDF-fail zanimaet 112 stranic, no kartinki vse ravno ne vstavleny, t.k. v Arhive est' ogranicheniya na ob'em stat'i. Zaidya po etoi ssylke, mozhno posmotret' illyustracii.
V zaklyuchenie otmetim, chto Mario Livio voobshe horosho pishet. Chitat' ego priyatno.
obzor astro-ph/0303504 Kosmologiya topologicheskih defektov (Cosmology from Topological Defects)
Author: Alejandro Gangui
Commets: Lecture Notes delivered at the Xth Brazilian School on Cosmology and Gravitation, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - August 9, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (AIP Press), edited by M. Novello and S. Perez Bergliaffa.
Chto takoe topologicheskie defekty? Kakuyu rol' oni igrayut v kosmologii? Kakoe vliyanie oni okazyvayut na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya? Ob etih i o ryade smezhnyh voprosov s "detal'nymi pedagogicheskimi ob'yasneniyami". Poslednyuyu versiyu teksta i mnogo kartinok mozhno naiti na saite avtora: www.iafe.uba.ar.
obzor astro-ph/0303507 Optimal'nye tehniki dlya 2-mernoi spektroskopii ili kak vychitat' fon v 21 veke (Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century)
Authors: Daniel D. Kelson (Carnegie Observatories)
Commets: 26 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASP, Figures with full resolution available at http://www.ociw.edu/~kelson.
2-mernaya spektroskopiya - eto kogda na odnoi PZS-matrice fiksiruyutsya spektry ot mnogih ob'ektov v pole zreniya pribora ili ot bol'shogo chisla tochek izobrazheniya. Pri takoi tehnike izmerenii nachinayut igrat' rol' melkomasshtabnye neodnorodnosti i iskazheniya v matrice i v dispergiruyushem elemente + shum + kosmicheskie luchi + ... Podrobnee ob etom - v obzore. Po moemu on budet interesen ne tol'ko astronomam.
astro-ph/0303510 Ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti po izmereniyu spektra effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v shesti skopleniyah galaktik (Peculiar Velocity Limits from Measurements of the Spectrum of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in Six Clusters of Galaxies) Authors: B.A. Benson et al. Commets: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 32 pages, 13 tables, 9 figures Dlya 6 skoplenii galaktik s z>0.2 effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha izmeren na 3 chastotah mezhdu 150 i 350 GGc. Eto pozvolilo dat' ogranicheniya na pekulyarnye skorosti dvizheniya skoplenii otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (v ih sobstvennoi sisteme otscheta) - v<1410 km/s (na 95% urovne znachimosti).
astro-ph/0303514 Pervye hozyaiskie galaktiki rentgenovskih vspyshek: XRF 011030 i 020427 (The First Two Host Galaxies of X-ray Flashes: XRF 011030 and XRF 020427)
Authors: J. S. Bloom et al.
Commets: 11 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal (Letters) on 22 March 2003
Krome izvestnyh gamma-vspleskov (o nih sm. svezhii podrobnyi obzor "Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Underlying Model" astro-ph/0303517) i ih poslesvechenii nablyudaetsya takoi interesnyi fenomen kak rentgenovskie vspyshki (X-ray Flashes: XRF). Maksimum energii prihoditsya na desyatki keV (u gamma-vspleskov - sotni). Eti sobytiya nalyudayutsya s tempom v 2-3 raza nizhe, chem temp gamma-vspleskov. Poka statistika nevelika, no vrode by vspyshki izotropno raspredelny po nebu, t.o. vozmozhno priroda ih kosmologicheskaya. Vse eto rodnit ih s gamma-vspleskami, odnako, vse-taik priroda XRF bolee tumanna ...
V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut kandidatov v t.n. hozyaiskie galaktiki XRF. Eto slabye golubye galaktiki, t.e. oni ochen' pohozhi na "hozyaev" gamma-vspleskov.
miniobzor astro-ph/0303543 Fizicheskie processy v osnovanii morfologicheskoi habblovskoi posledovatel'nosti (Physical processes behind the morphological Hubble sequence)
Authors: C. Firmani and V. Avila-Reese
Commets: 14 pages, 3 figures. Review paper to appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations",eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexA&A (SC), 16
Habblovskaya posledovatel'nost' - kamerton Habbla - osnova klassifikacii galaktik. Vse eti "spirali", "linzy" i t.d. - vse ottuda. Pochemu galaktiki raznye? Prevrashayutsya li galaktiki odnih tipov v drugie? Seichas est' osnovaniya polagat', chto my znaem (hotya by kachestvenno) otvety na eti voprosy. V ramkah t.n. ierarhicheskoi modeli holodnogo temnogo veshestva, na kotoroi i koncentriruyut svoe vnimanie avtory etogo miniobzoa, bol'shie galaktiki "sobrayutsya" iz malen'kih (sm. takzhe ob etom v obzore Mario Livio o Kosmicheskom teleskope, razdel 6). T.e. velika rol' sliyanii, vzaimodeistvii. Eto osobenno vazhno na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, kogda Vselennaya eshe molodaya. Seichas galaktiki razvivayutsya v osnovnom v odinochestve (dazhe v skopleniyah vzaimodeistvie idet v osnovnom v central'nyh oblastyah). Etim voprosam takzhe udeleno nemnogo mesta v obzore.
astro-ph/0303548 Vremennye masshtaby peremennosti AYaG v myagkom rentgenovskom diapazone (Timescales of Soft X-Ray Variability and Physical Constraints in Agn)
Authors: W. Bian, Y. Zhao
Commets: 22 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ(for v591, July)
Astronomiya- nauka nablyudatel'naya, a ne eksperimental'naya v pryamom smysle etogo slova. My ne mozhem "poshupat'". Vremya - edinstvennoe, chto my mozhem tochno izmeryat', nablyudaya kosmicheskie ob'ekty. Tochnee skazat', ostal'nye fizicheskie harakteristiki samih ob'ektov (svetimost', temperatura, himicheskii sostav, razlichnye polya ...) kak pravilo opredelyayutsya v ramkah kakih-to predpolozhenii (model' poglosheniya v istochnike i na luche zreniya, kvazistacionarnost' chego-nibud' i t.d.). Poetomu issledovaniyam razlichnyh peremennostei vsegda udelyaetsya bol'shoe vnimanie.
V rabote predstavleny dannye po peremennosti rentgenovskogo izlucheniya 65 aktivnyh galaktik (rech' idet o masshtabah poryadka dnei - AYaG vse-taki nemalen'kie). Eti rezul'taty pozvolyayut uznat' koe-chto novoe o "central'nyh mashinah" AYaG, naprimer, temp akkrecii na sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (no eto uzhe, konechno, model'no zavisimyi rezul'tat).
astro-ph/0303552 Otbor astronomov na postoyannye pozicii vo Francii (The Selection of Tenured Astronomers in France)
Authors: Gary A. Mamon
Commets: 18 pages, 5 color PS figures, style file included. Invited contribution to appear in Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, IV, ed. A. Heck (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
V nauke vazhna ne tol'ko sama nauka, no i organizaciya nauki. V chastnosti, "kadry reshayut vse". Potomu vopros otbora uchenyh na postoyannye pozicii ochen' vazhen. Avtor rassmatrivaet situaciyu vo Francuzskoi astronomii. Tipichnyi vozrast, kogda chelovek poluchaet poziciyu seichas 31 god (okolo 20 let nazad bylo 27-28). Inostrannyh uchenyh okolo 11 procentov.
Polezno pochitat' ne tol'ko astronomam....
astro-ph/0303571 Prilivnye processy na zvezdah vblizi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Stellar Tidal Processes Near Massive Black Holes)
Authors: Tal Alexander (Weizmann Institute of Science)
Commets: 10 pp. 3 fig Journal-ref: Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies, 2003, ed. L. C. Ho (Pasadena: Carnegie Observatories, http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium1/proceedings.html)
Esli v centre galaktiki est' sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyry, to zvezdy iz okruzhayushego ee (i obychno ochen' plotnogo) skopleniya budut ispytyvat' mnogochislennye prilivnye vozdeistviya razlichnogo proishozhdeniya:

pri blizkih giperbolicheskih parnyh sblizheniyah zvezd;
pri blizkih proletah (rasseyanii) na samoi chernoi dyre;
pri zahvate i posleduyushem priblizhenii zvezdy k chernoi dyre.
Ponyatnoe vvedenie i chislennye ocenki chastoty sobytii raznyh tipov.
obzor astro-ph/0303574 Pervaya sekunda Vselennoi (The first second of the Universe)
Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz
Commets: invited review to appear in Annalen der Physik (50 pages, 16 figures)
Big Bang!
-"Pervaya mikrosekunda. Razlet normal'nyi.
-"Vtoraya mikrosekunda...." -"Desyataya mikrosekunda... We have a problem!" -"Togda chitaite astro-ph/0303574"
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi "pervoi sekunde zhizni Vselennoi". Eto vremya mezhdu elektroslabym perehodom i nachalom nukleosinteza (znamenitaya kniga Stivena Vainberga "Pervye tri minuty" v osnovnom pro epohu nukleosinteza, tak chto dannyi obzor v nekotorom smysle "Epizod odin"). Samoe vazhnoe "v eti dni" - kvark-adronnye prevrasheniya (10 mikrosekund), a takzhe razlichnye processy s uchastiem chastic, kotorye my teper' nazyvaem "holodnaya temnaya materiya".
ukazanie na vozmozhnoe otkrytie
astro-ph/0303582 Harakteristiki "shumovoi" variacii perioda pul'sara v Krabe (Characterization of the Crab Pulsar's Timing Noise)
Authors: D. Matthew Scott, Mark H. Finger, Colleen A. Wilson
Commets: 53 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS, abstract condensed
"Zhil na svete Zashibala.
Na "Minoge" on letal.
On otkryl planet nemalo,
I na kazhdoi zashibal."
(iz mul'tfil'ma "Vlastelin Vremeni")

"K chemu tut planety?"- sprosite vy. Chitaite.
Samye izvestnye neitronnye zvezdy - pul'sary. Samyi izvestnyi pul'sar - pul'sar v Krabovidnoi tumannosti. Period vrasheniya etoi neitronnoi zvezdy okolo 33 ms. Vspyshka sverhnovoi nablyudalas' v 1054 g.

V stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut izmeneniya perioda vrasheniya po dannym radionablyudenii. Krome zamedleniya perioda, krome vtoroi proizvodnoi, est' eshe "shumovye" variacii (timing noise). Avtory detal'no issleduyut etot "shum" (snova skazhu: vremya - prakticheski edinstvennoe, chto my tochno i model'no nezavisimo izmeryaem v astronomii, potomu nado vytyagivat' kak mozhno bol'she informacii). I tut my podhodim k samomu glavnomu.....

Obnaruzheny periodicheskie (kvaziperiodicheskie?) variacii na masshtabe 568+/-10 dnei. Ih mozhno ob'yasnyat' po-raznomu. Odno iz vozmozhnyh ob'yasnenii - planeta!
Planety u pul'sarov ne novost' ( sm. obzor). V 1992 g. v Nature poyavilas' stat'ya Wolszczan, A.; Frail, D. A. "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12". S teh por planety otkryvali (i zakryvali) ne raz. V nashei strane izvestnym ekspertom po pul'sarnym planetam yavlyaetsya Tat'yana Shabanova iz Pushino. Po vsei vidimosti, planety obrazuyutsya iz veshestva ostavshegosya posle vzryva sverhnovoi, odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo.
Esli u Kraba i pravda est' planeta, to ee massa kak minimum v 3 raza prevoshodit massu Zemli (voobshe, u pul'sarov otkryvayut planety s massoi, sravnimoi s zemnoi, a ne s yupiterianskoi).
My ne hotim sozdavat' vpechatlenie, chto "U PUL'SARA V KRABE OTKRYTA PLANETA!!!" I avtory stat'i ne hotyat. Nuzhny novye issledovaniya. No vozmozhnost' ochen' interesnaya.
astro-ph/0303583 Novaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka yadra Galaktiki, zaregistrirovannaya HMM-N'yuton (A New X-Ray Flare from the Galactic Nucleus Detected with the XMM-Newton)
Authors: A. Goldwurm et al.
Commets: 8 pages, 5 color figures, 1 table, to be published in Conference Proceedings of the Galactic Center Workshop 2002, November 3-8, 2002, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markoff
Kak izvestno, v centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2 mln. mass Solnca. V radiodiapazone eto istochnik Sgr A*, potomu chasto imenno tak oboznachayut i samu dyru (tochnee, svyazannye s nei istochniki v drugih diapazonah). "Nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra ne otnositsya v chislu aktivnyh. Naprimer, v rentgenovskom diapazone - eto ochen' slabyi istochnik. Slabyi, no ne sovsem "mertvyi". Sputnik Chandra uzhe videl rentgenovskie vspyshki Sgr A*. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut novye dannye po vspyshechnoi aktivnosti Sgr A*, poluchennye na sputnike HMM-N'yuton. Svetimost' istochnika vozrasla za 15 minut v 20 raz. K sozhaleniyu, vspyshka prishlas' na konec seansa nablyudenii. No yasno, chto takaya aktivnost' Sgr A* ne yavlyaetsya redkim yavleniem. Tak chto budut eshe vspyshki.
miniobzor astro-ph/0303584 Rassvet galaktik (The Dawn of Galaxies)
Authors: Piero Madau, Michael Kuhlen
Commets: 14 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics held on December 9--13 2002, in Florence, Italy
Kogda-to galaktik ne bylo... No vot v vydelivshihsya (blagodarya pervichnym vozmusheniyam) galo temnoi materii iz gaza (vodoroda i geliya) nachali poyavlyat'sya pervye zvezdy (i pervye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry). Tak rodilis' galaktiki.
Seichas my vse bol'she uznaem ob etih pervyh ob'ektah, oznamenovavshih okonchanie "mrachnogo vremeni" (dark ages). Vot ob etih novyh rezul'tatah i rasskazyvayut avtory obzora.
astro-ph/0303588 Ogranicheniya na narushenie zakona sohraneniya elektricheskogo zaryada po sezonnym variaciyam v eksperimentah po Solnechnym neitrino (Limits on charge non-conservation from possible seasonal variations of the solar neutrino experiments) Authors: Manuel Torres, Hector Vucetich Commets: 6 pages, LaTeX + .bbl files Teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta c neizbezhnost'yu privodyat k sil'nomu nesohraneniyu elektricheskogo zaryada. Drugim sledstviem etih teorii byli by sil'nye sezonnye izmeneniya neitrinnogo potoka ot Solnca iz-za dvizheniya Zemli po ellipticheskoi orbite. V eksperimentah SAGE i GALLEX podobnye variacii ne zafiksirovany, chto pozvolyaet podtverdit' sohranenie elektricheskih zaryadov s tochnost'yu na 9 poryadkov vyshe, chem ran'she. Vremya raspada ⁷¹Ga -> ⁷¹Ge prevyshaet 1.4^.10²⁷ let.
astro-ph/0303589 LBQS 1429-0053: dvoinoi kvazar a ne rezul'tat linzirovaniya (LBQS 1429-0053: a binary quasar rather than a lensed quasar)
Authors: C. Faure et al.
Commets: 9 pages, 6 jpg images, accepted for publication in A&A
Pri ochen' glubokom obzore na teleskope VLT (ESO) i na Habblovskom teleskope obnaruzhen kvazar (LBQS 1429-0053 s dvumya izobrazheniyami. Avtory schitayut, chto eto skoree vsego fizicheski dvoinoi ob'ekt (dolzhny byt' i takie), a ne gravitacionnaya linza, i privodyat svoi argumenty.
[Primechanie: A mozhet byt' eto proyavlenie eshe odnoi kosmicheskoi struny?]
obzor astro-ph/0303609 Skopleniya galaktik - kraeugol'nye kamni kosmologii (Clusters of galaxies: a fundamental pillar of cosmology)
Authors: Africa Castillo-Morales, Sabine Schindler
Commets: Review given at the Vulcano Workshop 2002 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli (ed.)(11 pages)
Dlya chego tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut skopleniya galaktik v kosmologii! Po rentgenovskomu izlucheniyu goryachego gaza, zapolnyayushego prostranstvo mezhdu galaktikami, opredelyayut kolichestvo barionov vo Vselennoi, raspredelenie temnoi materii i ee polnuyu plotnost'. Sinhrotronnoe radioizluchenie pozvolyaet opredelit' napryazhennost' mezhgalakticheskogo magnitnogo polya. I tak dalee ...
istoriya astro-ph/0303623 Fred Hoil: vklad v teoriyu obrazovaniya galaktik (Fred Hoyle: Contributions to the Theory of Galaxy Formation)
Authors: G. Efstathiou
Commets: 11 pages, Latex, 5 figs, CUP in press
Opisyvaetsya dve idei Hoila - izvestnogo angliiskogo astrofizika - kotorye imeli klyuchevoe znachenie dlya nashego ponimaniya obrazovaniya galaktik (gde do sih por est' mnogo belyh pyaten). Pervaya ideya svyazana s uglovym momentom galaktik, kotoryi, po idee Hoila, priobretalsya protogalaktikami v rezul'tate prilivnyh vzaimodeistvii na stadii gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti. Vtoraya svyazana s ob'yasneniem massy galaktik.
Mozhet byt' umestno upomyanut' zdes' obzor I. Pashi po istorii izucheniya spiral'noi struktury galaktik, opublikovannyi v Istoriko-astronomicheskih issledovaniyah i na Astronete.
astro-ph/0303625 Kvazary v Mess'e 82 (QSOs Associated with Messier 82)
Authors: E.M. Burbidge et al.
Commets: 16 pages aastex, 3 eps figures, accepted for publication on ApJ
"I vnov' prodolzhaetsya boi..."
Berbidzhi i Arp vnov' pytayutsya nas uverit' v nekosmologicheskom proishozhdenii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. Na etot raz oni izuchayut rentgenovskie istochniki vblizi izvestnoi "vzryvayusheisya" galaktiki M82. Poluchennye spektry govoryat o bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov eto ob'ekty vybrosheny iz galaktiki, t.e. neposredstvenno s nei svyazany, a vyglyadyat oni kak kvazary.
No skoree vsego eto i est' kvazary.... kotorye sluchaino proeciruyutsya na M82. Hotya kolichestvo etih kvazarov vblizi M82 vpechatlyaet. Budem sledit' za razvitiem sobytii.
astro-ph/0303628 Nablyudatel'nye ukazaniya na svyaz' mezhdu sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami v galaktikah i galo temnoi materii (Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes) Authors: Maarten Baes, Pieter Buyle, George K. T. Hau and Herwig Dejonghe Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in MNRAS pink pages Svyaz', ukazannaya v zaglavii, podtverzhdena po vyborke iz 12 galaktik s ochen' horosho izmerennymi krivymi vrasheniya. Obsuzhdaetsya proishozhdenie takoi zavisimosti.
astro-ph/0303646 Obnaruzhenie galaktiki na krasnom smeshenii 6.17 po dannym CFHT i VLT (Discovery of a z = 6.17 galaxy from CFHT and VLT observations)
Authors: J.-G. Cubyet al.
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Vozmozhno otkryta galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.17. Somneniya svyazany s tem, chto krasnoe smeshenie opredeleno po interpretacii odnoi spektral'noi detali. Galaktika vyglyadit "vpolne sformirovavsheisya", chto tipichno dlya takih ob'ektov na z=5-6.
Dlya teh, kto interesuetsya poiskom ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, v stat'e est' vse neobhodimye svezhie ssylki.
astro-ph/0303654 Evolyuciya planetozimal'nyh diskov i migraciya planet (Evolution of planetesimal discs and planets migration)
Authors: A. Del Popolo et al.
Commets: 24 pages; 25 encapsulated figures
Journal-ref: 2003, MNRAS 339, 556
Original'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya dal'neishemu razvitiyu modeli obrazovaniya planetnyh sistem, predlozhennoi Del Popolo i dr. Rasschitany tempy migracii planet v zavisimosti ot massy protoplanetnogo diska.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu "On tidal capture of massive extra-solar planets", posvyashennuyu prilivnomu zahvatu planet.
astro-ph/0303665 Otkrytie rentgenovskih kvaziperiodicheskih oscillyacii u ul'tramoshnogo istochnika v M82: svidetel'stvo v pol'zu simmetrii izlucheniya (Discovery of X-ray QPOs from an Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82: Evidence Against Beaming) Authors: Tod E. Strohmayer, Richard F. Mushotzky Commets: 20 pages, 4 figures, AASTeX. A shortened version has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (2003, 586, L61) U vnegalakticheskogo ul'tramoshnogo istochnika po dannym HMM-N'yuton otkryty kvaziperiodicheskie oscillyacii na chastote 54 mGc. Napomnim, chto istochniki nazyvayut ul'tramoshnymi, poskol'ku ih svetimost' (moshnost') prevoshodit Eddingtonovskii predel dlya tipichnoi chernoi dyry s massoi 10 mass Solnca. Mnogie issledovateli polagayut, chto net neobhodimosti pomeshat' v istochnik bolee massivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Vozmozhno, my prosto zavyshaem svetimost', ispol'zuya predpolozhenie o sfericheskoi simmetrii izlucheniya sistemy. Esli zhe est' vydelennye napravleniya (dzhety), chto svetimost' budet men'she, a vidim my yarkii istochnik tol'ko potomu, chto smotrim "v zherlo". Tak vot avtory polagayut, chto ih dannye (otmetim, chto opyat' zhe dannye HMM-N'yuton i Chandry v nekotorom smysle dopolnyayut drug druga) govoryat o vysokoi svetimosti (poryadka (4 - 5) 10⁴⁰ erg/s). My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).
kur'ez? cs.SD/0303025 Algorithmic Clustering of Music
Authors: Rudi Cilibrasi et al.
Commets: 17 pages, 11 figures
Algebroi po garmoshke.
Pervaya fraza abstrakta: "my predstavlyaem polnost'yu avtomaticheskii metod klassifikacii muzyki...". Rech', konechno, idet o vpolne prikladnyh veshah: obilie muzyki v cifrovom formate (osobenno v Seti) trebuet metodov avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii. Vse eto imeet i kommercheskoe prilozhenie: "esli vam nravitsya eto, to vot pohozhee".
physics/0303116 Neutrino Oscillations for Dummies
Authors: Chris Waltham
Commets: 18 pages
Populyarnyi rasskaz pro oscillyacii neitrino.

Arhiv zaglavii statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski. Polnyi Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov

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Astrometriya - Astronomicheskie instrumenty - Astronomicheskoe obrazovanie - Astrofizika - Istoriya astronomii - Kosmonavtika, issledovanie kosmosa - Lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - Planety i Solnechnaya sistema - Solnce