-
obzor, missiya
astro-ph/0210554
Blizkoe mikrolinzirovanie i ego vliyanie na nablyudenie prohozhdenii
po disku zvezd v eksperimente Kepler
(Near-Field Microlensing and Its Effects on Stellar Transit Observations
by Kepler)
Authors: Kailash C. Sahu (Space Telescope Science Institute) and Ronald L.
Gilliland (Space Telescope Science Institute)
Commets: 34 pages, including 15 figures, Accepted for publication in
Astrophysical Journal
Osnovnaya cel' kosmicheskogo eksperimenta "Kepler" - poisk planet u
blizhaishih zvezd po izmeneniyu ih bleska v hode prohozhdeniya planety
po disku zvezdy. NASA predpolagaet issledovat' bolee 100,000 zvezd
spektral'nyh klassov F, G i K za 4 goda nablyudenii. Kepler smozhet
poluchat' fotometriyu zvezd s tochnost'yu 90 mikro-zvezdnyh velichin
(9x10-5zv.velichiny) pri 15 minutnoi ekspozicii.
Effekt mikrolinzirovaniya deistvuet v storonu protivopolozhnuyu zatmeniyu
(prohozhdeniyu), t.e. ne oslablyaet, a usilivaet blesk zvezdy. No obychno
dlya planet etim effektom mozhno prenebrech' - iz-za togo, chto razmer zvezdy
velik i usilivaetsya (linziruetsya) izluchenie tol'ko ot nebol'shoi chasti ee
poverhnosti. Drugoi prichinoi yavlyaetsya to, chto sami planety perekryvayut chast'
potoka usilivaemogo izlucheniya, esli oni raspolozheny blizko k zvezde.
Odnako, esli zvezda v sisteme kompaktna (v pervuyu ochered' ei mozhet
byt' goryachii belyi karlik) i/ili planeta raspolozhena dostatochno daleko,
to effekt mikrolinzirovaniya mozhet okazat'sya sushestvennym i dazhe perekryt'
ospablenie iz-za prohozhdeniya.
Eti i blizkie k nim voprosy dostatochno podrobno i neslozhno rassmotreny
v dannom obzore.
-
astro-ph/0210556
Obrazovanie sharovyh skoplenii: vne i vnutri karlikovyh galaktik
(Formation of Globular Clusters: In and Out of Dwarf Galaxies)
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin
Comments: 6 pages, proceedings of the ESO workshop "Extragalactic
Globular Cluster Systems", ed. M. Kissler-Patig
Kak i kogda obrazovalis' sharovye skopleniya?
V nastoyashee vremya schitaetsya, chto oni poyavlyayutsya mezhdu z 7 i 3.
V sovremennoi kartine ierarhicheskogo obrazovaniya struktury vnachale
obrazuyutsya otnositel'no nebol'shie ob'ekty - karlikovye galaktiki.
V nih-to i poyavlyayutsya pervye sharovye skopleniya (massivnyh galaktik prosto
eshe net).
Posle obshego vvedeniya avtor predstavlyaet rezul'taty chislennyh raschetov
(Gnedin, Kravcov)
obrazovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v galaktike tipa nashei.
(sm. takzhe drugie nedavnie stat'i, posvyashennye obrazovaniyu sharovyh
skoplenii:
"The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems";
" Globular Cluster Formation";
"Building up the globular cluster system of the Milky Way. The
contribution of the Sagittarius galaxy";
"Globular Cluster Systems of Spirals").
-
obzor
astro-ph/0210559
Spektro-astrometricheskoe issledovanie zvezd yuzhnogo polushariya
ne dostigshih glavnoi posledovatel'nosti - dvoistvennost', istechenie
i diskoobraznye struktury s razmerami ot astronomicheskoi edinicy
(A spectro-astrometric study of southern pre-main sequence stars -
binaries, outflows, and disc structure down to AU scales)
Authors: Michihiro Takami, Jeremy Bailey, Antonio Chrysostomou
Commets: 18 pages including 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysics
V stat'e predstavleny dannye nablyudeniya 28 zvezd ne dostigshih glavnoi
posledovatel'nosti yuzhnogo polushariya. Podrobno rassmotreny
spektral'nye svoistva etih zvezd, a takzhe okolozvezdnye struktury
s razresheniem do 1-2 astronomicheskih edinic.
Ochen' bogatyi fakticheskii material.
-
astro-ph/0210561
Evolyuciya massivnyh zvezd s nulevoi metallichnost'yu
(Evolution of zero-metallicity massive stars)
Authors: P. Marigo (1), C. Chiosi (1), L. Girardi (2), R.-P. Kudritzki (3) ((1)
Padova University, (2) Trieste Observatory, (3) Hawaii University)
Commets: Invited talk at IAU Symp. 212, ``A Massive Star Odyssey, from Main
Sequence to Supernova'', K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero, C. Esteban (eds.), 7
pages, 5 postscript figures
Snachala o terminah v etom korotkom nazvanii: 1) pri obsuzhdenii himicheskogo
sostava zvezd i mezhzvezdnoi sredy v astrofizike metallami nazyvayut
vse elementy tyazhelee vodoroda i geliya. Obilie "metallov" oboznachayut bol'shoi
bukvoi Z (tak kak bol'shie X i Y uzhe zanyaty po obilie vodoroda i geliya,
sootvetstvenno). 2) Massivnymi avtory nazyvayut zvezdy
v centre kotoryh v konce termoyadernoi evolyucii obrazuetsya vyrozhdennoi CO-yadro.
Dlya zvezd s obychnym himicheskim sostavom eta granica prohodit mezhdu
5 i 6Mo, a dlya zvezd s nulevoi - mezhdu 5 i 6Mo.
Kak pokazyvayut raschety processov v rannei vselennoi iz nachal'nogo vodoroda
(protonov) v hode pervichnogo nukleosinteza voznikaet prakticheski tol'ko gelii
(okolo 23%).
S drugoi storony i v samyh staryh sharovyh skopleniyah nashei Galaktiki, i v samyh
dalekih galaktikah dlya kotoryh izmereny spektry (i t.o. izuchen himicheskii
sostav) metally prisutstvuyut. Ih obilie menyaetsya ot Solnechnogo do primerno
v 10-40 raz men'shego, no ne do nulya (nigde). To est' v toi dostatochno bol'shoi chasti
Vselennoi, himsostav kotoroi my znaem, veshestvo uzhe obogasheno metallami.
Proizoiti eto moglo tol'ko v zvezdah, drugogo puti my ne znaem. Vot zdes'
i voznikaet potrebnost' v zvezdah pervogo pokoleniya (Population-III),
kotrye obrazovyvalis' iz veshestva s Z=0. Krome togo ih pomosh' polezna dlya
ob'yasneniya reionizacii Vselennoi, obrazovaniya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr
v galo galaktik i ryada nablyudaemyh osobennostei raspredeleniya himicheskih
elementov v mezhzvezdnoi i mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Po-vidimomu, takie
zvezdy byli bolee massivnymi, chem izvestnye nam segodnya, ih nachal'naya
massa mogla dostigat' neskol'kih soten mass Solnca.
V dannoi rabote dlya massivnyh zvezd s nachal'nym Z=0 postroeny evolyucionnye
treki i izohrony na diagramme Gercshprunga-Ressela, issledovano himicheskoe
obogashenie poverhnostnyh sloev i (pri nekotoryh predpolozheniyah) unos
etih elementov zvezdnym vetrom. Raschety provodilis' dlya zvezd s nachal'nymi
massami ot 8 do 1000Mo i zakanchivalis' s nachalom stadii goreniya
ugleroda v yadre.
[Hochu obratit' vashe vnimanie na to, chto pervaya vyshedshaya v SSSR na russkom
yazyke kniga po evolyucii zvezd - D.A.Frank-Kameneckii, "Fizicheskie processy
vnutri zvezd", M., Fizmatgiz, 1959 - takzhe rassmatrivala zvezdy bez metallov
(chisto vodorodnye) i poetomu dolgoe vremya schitalas' sovershenno bespoleznoi.]
-
astro-ph/0210570
Sverhnovye so "Sverh-GIPPARKOSom"
(Supernovae with "Super-Hipparcos")
Authors: V. Belokurov, N.W. Evans
Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS, to appear
"Super-Hipparcos" - eto budushii astrometricheskii sputnik GAIA.
Ego zapusk planiruetsya na 2010 god. Srok raboty sputnika - 5 let.
Sputnik budet poluchat' horoshuyu mnogocvetnuyu fotometriyu.
T.o. v rukah issledovatelei okazhetsya kolossal'noe kolichestvo informacii.
Seichas aktivno obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye "pobochnye" produkty raboty GAIA.
V dannoi rabote avtory obsuzhdayut, chto sputnik smozhet dat' dlya astrofiziki
sverhnovyh zvezd. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto za 5 let sputnik smozhet
zaregistrirovat' bolee 20 000 sverhnovyh (pyat' v den')!
Primerno dve treti - eto sverhnovye Ia.
V osnovnom eto blizkie (Z<0.14).
Otdel'no avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' registracii gamma-izlucheniya i
gravitacionnyh voln ot sverhnovyh, zamechennyh GAIA.
-
obzor
astro-ph/0210580
Astrofizika vysokih energii i kosmologiya
(High-Energy Astrophysics and Cosmology)
Author: John Ellis (CERN)
Commets: 12 pages, 16 eps figures, uses espcrc2.sty. Talk presented at the
XIIth International Symposium on Very-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions,
CERN, July 2002
Report-no: CERN-TH/2002-300
Obzor ochen' neglubokii, zato nebol'shoi po ob'emu i ohvatyvayushii bol'shoe
chislo tem: spektr kosmicheskih luchei i luchi sverhvysokih energii,
pervichnyi nukleosintez, anizotropiya
relikta, massy i oscillyacii neitrino, supersimmetrichnye chasticy i temnaya
materiya, kvantovaya gravitaciya na pankovskih masshtabah i
prostranstvenno-vremennaya pena. Dlya vseh etih tem zatronuty kak teoreticheskie
aspekty, tak i eksperimental'naya proverka.
-
astro-ph/0210581
Gravitacionnye volny ot novorozhdennyh goryachih neitronnyh zvezd
(Gravitational waves from newly born, hot neutron stars)
Authors: Valeria Ferrari, Giovanni Miniutti, Jose' A. Pons
Comments: submitted to MNRAS, 24 pages
Novorozhdennye neitronnye zvezdy (vozrast menee minuty) sushestvenno
otlichayutsya ot bolee "zrelyh" ob'ektov etogo tipa.
Eto goryachie, neprozrachnye dlya neitrino shary. Za neskol'ko sekund oni
izluchayut kolossal'nuyu energiyu. Bol'shaya chast' unositsya neitrino, no nekotoraya
dolya unositsya gravitacionnymi volnami.
V etoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut process izlucheniya gravvoln molodymi
neitronnymi zvezdami. Pokazano, chto esli neitronnaya zvezda rozhdaetsya v nashei
Galaktike, to ee gravizluchenie mozhet byt' zaregistrirovano uzhe pervym
pokoleniem lazernyh interferometrov. Krome togo, obrazuyushiesya v rezul'tate
sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd bolee massivnye, t.n. "supramassivnye",
neitronnye zvezdy mogut yavlyat'sya bolee moshnymi istochnikami gravitacionnogo
izlucheniya. Oni mogut byt' zaregistrirovany na rasstoyaniyah, sootvetstvuyushih
skopleniyu v Deve, chto daet temp poryadka neskol'kih shtuk v god.
-
astro-ph/0210593
Obnaruzhenie dvuh dvoinyh transneptunovyh ob'ektov s pomosh'yu
Kosmicheskogo teleskopa
(Detection of Two Binary Trans-Neptunian Objects, 1997 CQ29 and 2000
CF105, with the Hubble Space Telescope)
Authors: Keith S. Noll et al.
Comments: 22 pages including 3 tables and 4 figures
Transneptunovye ob'ekty (k kotorym sleduet otnosit' i
Pluton s Haronom)
stanovyatsya ochen' populyarnymi v poslednee vremya.
Interesno, chto sredi ob'ektov poyasa Koipera, kak i sredi asteroidov,
obnaruzhivayut pary (samaya izvestnaya, opyat' zhe, - Pluton i Haron).
Noll s soavtorami soobshayut ob obnaruzhenii dvoistvennosti eshe dvuh obektov:
1997 CQ29 i 2000 CF105. T.o. chislo izvestnyh par dostigaet vos'mi.
Rasstoyanie mezhdu komponentami par poryadka neskol'kih tysyach kilometrov.
Obnaruzhenie par ochen' vazhno, t.k. (kak i v zvezdnoi astronomii) eto
edinstvennyi tochnyi sposob izmereniya mass. Znanie massy pozvolyaet ocenit'
plotnost' ob'ektov poyasa Koipera, a eto kraine vazhno dlya ponimaniya ih
prirody. V zaklyuchenie avtory sravnivayut ob'ekty poyasa Koipera s osnovnym
poyasom asteroidov i s okolo-zemnymi ob'ektami.
-
astro-ph/0210599
Obrazovanie galaktik: teplaya temnaya materiya, nedostatok sputnikov
i problema uglovogo momenta
(Galaxy Formation: Warm Dark Matter, Missing Satellites, and the
Angular Momentum Problem)
Authors: Martin Goetz, Jesper Sommer-Larsen
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the
Euroconference "Galaxy Evolution - III. From simple approaches to
self-consistent models", Kiel, 2002. A high-quality version of Fig. 1 can
be downloaded from
http://www.tac.dk/~gotz/goetz.fig1.eps
V svoei korotkoi zametke avtory predlagayut reshenie dvuh problem,
sushestvuyushih v teorii obrazovaniya galaktik. Eti problemy otnosyatsya k
otnositel'no nebol'shim prostranstvennym masshtabam - poryadka razmera
galaktik. Model' holodnoi temnoi materii predskazyvaet slishkom mnogo
karlikovyh galaktik-sputnikov. Krome togo, v etoi modeli obrazuyushiesya
galaktiki imeyut uglovoi moment men'she nablyudayushegosya.
Vvedenie nekotorogo kolichestva teploi temnoi materii snimaet, po mneniyu
avtorov, vysheopisannye problemy, chto oni i demonstriruyut s pomosh'yu chislennyh
raschetov. Odnako, v zaklyuchenie avtory ukazyvayut, chto eti problemy mozhno
reshit' i v ramkah bolee detalizirovannogo scenariya s holodnoi temnoi
materiei.
-
astro-ph/0210604
Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie na 75 gradusah obzora CTIO
(Weak Lensing Results from the 75 Square Degree CTIO Survey)
Authors: M. Jarvis, G. Bernstein, B. Jain, P. Fischer, D. Smith, J.A. Tyson, D.
Wittman
Commets: 41 pages, submitted to AJ 10/5/2002
Slayuoe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie ne ochen' sil'no izmenyaet blesk
linzirovannyh galaktik, no zametno menyaet ih formu (vytyagivaet
v kakot-to napravlenii). Prichem u sosednih ob'ektov iskazheniya
odinakovo orientirovany, chto pozvolyaet otdelit ih ot sobstvennoi
formy i orientacii ob'ektov.
V dannoi rabote byli izmereny elliptichnosti 2 millionov galaktik
so zvezdnoi velichinoi R<23 v 12 daleko raznesennyh ploshadkah obshei
ploshal'yu 75 kvadratnyh gradusov. Byli vyyavleny tipichnye dlya gravitacionnogo
linzirovaniya iskazheniya ("E-mode"), prichem na masshtabah ~30' iskazheniya
galaktik horosho korrelirovali drug s drugom. Na osnove etih dannyh polucheny
organicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry (\sigma_8 i \Omega_m), kotorye
horosho soglasuyutsya so snacheniyami poluchennymi drugimi metodami.
V pervoi polovine stat'i detal'no opisan metod slabogo linzirovaniya,
vo vtoroi - obsuzhdayutsya ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry i
proizvoditsya sravnenie s drugimi eksperimentami.
-
astro-ph/0210606
Gravitacionnye volny ot inflyacii v svete poslednih dannyh
po anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya
(The Inflationary Gravity Waves in light of recent Cosmic Microwave
Background Anisotropies data)
Authors: Alessandro Melchiorri (Oxford), Carolina J. \"Odman (Cambridge)
Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures
Odno iz vazhnyh predskazanii inflyacionnoi teorii - sushestvovanie
fona nizkochastotnyh stohasticheskih kosmologicheskih gravitacionnyh voln (GV).
Eti volny dolzhny vliyat' na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya na dostatochno
krupnyh uglovyh masshtabah. Ob'ediniv dannye predydushih eksperimentov
po izmereniyu anizotropii relikta (kotorye, v osnovnom, provodili izmereniya
na srednih i melkih uglovyh masshtabah) s dannymi novogo eksperimenta
ARCHEOPS avtoru udalos' pokazat', chto otnoshenie vkladov
tenzornyh(GV)/skalyarnyh vozmushenii v kvadrupole reliktovogo izlucheniya
sostavlyaet n_S=0.97-0.12+0.10.
-
uchebnyi obzor
astro-ph/0210611
Primer eilerovskogo gidrodinamicheskogo astrofizicheskogo rascheta
(A Primer on Eulerian Computational Fluid Dynamics for Astrophysics)
Authors: Hy Trac, Ue-Li Pen
Commets: 19 pages, 9 figures; includes sample 3-D hydro code; submitted to
PASP
Dostatochno podrobno razobran primer chislennogo resheniya uravnenii Eilera
(uravnenii gidrodinamiki) s pomosh'yu shemy TVD (nelineinaya, 2-go poryadka).
V kachestve primere rassmatrivaetsya zadacha o sil'nom vzryve
(zadacha Sedova-Teilora) s izvestnym analiticheskim resheniem.
Obzor budet polezen tem, kto nachinaet zanimat'sya gidrodinamicheskimi
raschetami (ne tol'ko v astrofizike).
-
astro-ph/0210617
Ogranicheniya na parametry supersimmetrichnoi temnoi materii po
nablyudeniyam centra Galaktiki s borta EGRET
(Limits on Supersymmetric Dark Matter From EGRET Observations of the
Galactic Center Region)
Authors: Dan Hooper and Brenda Dingus
Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures
Report-no: MAD-PH-02-1310, LAUR-02-6743
Soglasno bol'shinstvu supersimmetrichnyh modelei, neitralino (kotorye
sostavlyayut supersimmetrichnuyu temnuyu materiyu) koncentriruyutsya v centrah
galaktik. Neitralino postepenno annigiliruyut, ispuskaya gamma-luchi,
kotorye mozhno pytat'sya nablyudat'. Uzhe zakonchennyi eksperiment EGRET
vel nablyudeniya centra nashei Galaktiki v diapazone energii
ot 30 MeV do ~30 GeV. Obrabotka nablyudenii byla napravlena na vydelenie
fona, t.e; isklyuchalis' tochechnye istochniki i t.d. Avtory prishli k zaklyucheniyu,
chto dannye EGRET zakryvayut mnogie supersimmetrichnye teorii, esli plotnost'
neitralino bystro rastet k centru Galaktiki. Bolee tochnye nablyudeniya
budut provedeny v eksperimente GLAST, eto tozhe obsuzhdaetsya v stat'e.
-
nablyudatel'nyi obzor
astro-ph/0210621
Poisk dvoinyh vyrozhdennyh praroditelei sverhnovyh tipa Ia
v eksperimente SPY
(Search for double degenerate progenitors of supernovae type Ia with SPY)
Authors: R. Napiwotzki, N. Christlieb, H. Drechsel, H.-J. Hagen, U. Heber, D.
Homeier, C. Karl, D. Koester, B. Leibundgut, T.R. Marsh, S. Moehler, G.
Nelemans, E.-M. Pauli, D. Reimers, A. Renzini, L. Yungelson
Commets: in: "From Twilight to Highlight", eds. W. Hillebrandt & B.
Leibundgut, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer-Verlag, in press, 6 pages, 2
figures
Report-no: RP-21-02
Soglasno odnomu iz scenariev vspyshka sverhnovoi tipa Ia proishodit
v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh dostatochno massivnyh belyh karlikov.
Poisk takih sistem velsya v
eksperimente SPY (SN Ia Progenitor surveY). V hode kotorogo na teleskope VLT
s pomosh'yu spektrometra UVES iskalis' izmeneniya luchevyh skorostei.
Otkryto 90 novyh dvoinyh belyh karlikov, vklyuchaya korotkoperiodicheskie sistemy
s massami komponent blizkimi k chandrasekarovskomu predelu.
-
obzor
astro-ph/0210622
Opredelenie harakteristik vnesolnechnyh planet po otrazhennomu svetu
i teplovomu izlucheniyu
(Characterising Extrasolar Planets in Reflected Light and Thermal)
Emission
Authors: Jean Schneider (CNRS-Paris Observatory)
Commets: 7 pages, published in "SF2A: Scientific Highlights 2002". Eds. F.
Combes and D. Barret. EDPScience, 2002, p. 563
Ochen' korotkii i prostoi obzor - kakie parametry
ekzoplanet mozhno opredelit' nablyudaya otrazhennyi ot nih svet,
a kakie po teplovomu izlucheniyu. Vsego 7 stranic.
-
astro-ph/0210627
Radiant meteornogo potoka Leonida v 2001 g.
(The radiant of the Leonids meteor storm in 2001)
Authors: Ken'ichi Torii (RIKEN), Mitsuhiro Kohama (RIKEN), Toshifumi Yanagisawa
(NAL), Kouji Ohnishi (Nagano NCT, NAOJ)
Commets: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to PASJ
Novaya professional'naya tehnika i metodika registracii meteornyh potokov.
Izobrazheniya meteorov poluchalis' s pomosh'yu dvuh fotokamer s CCD-matricami.
Linii, poluchennye na izobrazheniyah, ekstrapolirovalis' do ih peresecheniya.
Poluchennye koordinaty radianta potoka - (pryamoe voshozhdenie =
154o.35, sklonenie = 21o.55 v epohe J2000) -
horosho sovpadayut s teoreticheskimi predskazaniyami.
Pozhaluista, pokazhite etu stat'yu astronomam-lyubitelyam!
-
astro-ph/0210637
Massy neitronnyh zvezd dlya pyati dvoinyh sistem pul'sar - belyi karlik
po izmereniyu taiminga na Aresibo
(Neutron Star Masses from Arecibo Timing Observations of Five
Pulsar-White Dwarf Binary Systems)
Authors: David J. Nice, Eric M. Splaver (Princeton), Ingrid H. Stairs (UBC)
Commets: 6 pages, to appear in proceedings of "Radio Pulsars," Chania, Crete,
August 2002 (ASP conference series)
Pul'sar - ochen' tochnye "chasy" - na orbite v dvoinoi sisteme pozvolyaet srazu
opredelit' funkciyu mass vtorogo komponenta (t.e. poluchit' ogranicheniya na nee
snizu). Dlya togo, chtoby izmerit' massu samogo pul'sara neobhodimo
zaregistrirovat' odni iz relyativistskih effektov:
- Relyativistskuyu precessiyu orbity. Dlya etogo ee ekscentrisitet dolzhen
byt' dostatochno velik.
- Zaderzhka Shapiro - zapazdyvanie impul'sa, kogda luch prohodit ryadom
so vtorym telom. Trebuetsya, chtoby orbita byla vidna pochti s rebra.
- Umen'shenie poluosi orbity iz-za izlucheniya gravitacionnyh voln.
Effekt zameten tol'ko u samyh tesnyh sistem.
U pyati dvoinyh pul'sarov byl proveden poisk etih effektov i u chetyreh
ih nih oni byli naideny. Massy neitronnyh zvezdy v predelah 2\sigma
soglasuyutsya s kanonicheskim znacheniem 1.35Mo, no v treh
sistemah bolee predpochtitel'nymi vyglyadyat bolee massivnye
(~1.6-1.8Mo) neitronnye zvezdy.
-
astro-ph/0210645
Submillimetrovye i radio nablyudeniya galaktik, v kotoryh rablyudalis'
gamma-vspleski
(A Submillimeter and Radio Survey of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: A
Glimpse into the Future of Star Formation Studies)
Authors: E. Berger et al.
Commets: Submitted to ApJ; 36 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures
Avtory vpervye proveli polnyi obzor t.n. "hozyaiskih" (Host) galaktik
gamma-vspleskov v submillimetrovom i radiodiapazonah.
Eti volny byli vybrany ne sluchaino. Delo v tom, chto est' osnovaniya
podozrevat' nalichie svyazi mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i zvezdoobrazovaniem.
Esli gamma-vspleskm eto gipernovye, to oni dolzhny poyavlyat'sya v oblastyah
moshnogo zvezdoobrazovaniya. Poslednie v svoyu ochered' luchshe izuchat'imenno
v etih dlinnovolnovyh diapazonah.
Nablyudeniya pokazali, chto galaktiki i v samom dele ne srednie.
Dvadcat' procentov iz nih obladayut ochen' vysokim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya
(500 mass solnca v god, dlya sravneniya: u nashei Galaktiki - poryadka odnoi
massy Solnca v god).
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astro-ph/0210649
Gravitacionnyi detektor GEO600 - pul'sarnye perspektivy
(The GEO600 Gravitational Wave Detector -- Pulsar Prospects)
Authors: G. Woan, for the GEO Collaboration
Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in ASP Conf. Ser., Radio
Pulsars, ed.
M. Bailes, D. J. Nice, & S. E. Thorsett (proceedings of August 2002
meeting
in Crete)
Daetsya kratkoe opisanie lazernogo interferometra GEO600, prednaznachennogo
dlya registracii gravitacionnogo izlucheniya kosmicheskih istochnikov.
Sredi poslednih bolee detal'no obsuzhdayutsya vrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy,
osobenno pul'sary.
-
obzor
astro-ph/0210652
Struktury zvezdnyh koron v aktivnyh dvoinyh sistemah
(The Structure of Stellar Coronae in Active Binary Systems)
Authors: J. Sanz-Forcada (1 and 2), N. S. Brickhouse (1), and A. K. Dupree (1)
((1) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge-MA (USA), (2)
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo (Italy))
Commets: 45 pages, 9 figures (with 20 eps files). Accepted for its publication
in ApJS
Dlya 28 zvezd (22 aktivnye dvoinye i 6 odinochnyh zvezd ili ochen' shirokih par)
ustanovlena struktura koron po nablyudeniyam v predel'nom ul'trafiolete
s borta observatorii EUVE. Priveden ochen' bol'shoi i podrobnyi fakticheskii
material.
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astro-ph/0210655
Kvarkovaya materiya v slivayushihsya neitronnyh zvezdah
(Quark Matter in Neutron Star Mergers)
Authors: R. Oechslin, G. Poghosyan, K. Uryu
Commets: 3 Pages, 4 Figures, Proc. Nuclei in the Cosmos 7, 2002
Ochen' kratko opisyvaetsya problema nalichiya kvarkovogo veshestva v slivayushihsya
neitronnyh zvezdah. T.k. gravitaconnyi signal mozhet dat' nekotoruyu
informaciyu o vnutrennem stroenii neitronnyh zvezd, to predstavlyaet
interesnyh rassmotret' stol' modnuyu seichas gipotezu o strannoi materii.
-
obzor
hep-ph/0210370
Novyi vzglyad na kosmologiyu i mikromir
(New Views of Cosmology and the Microworld)
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech)
Commets: Invited talk at Secrets of the B meson, XXX SLAC Summer Institute,
August 2002 (SSI02), 37 pages, 13 figures. Also to appear in proceedings of
ICHEP02, 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics, Amsterdam,
July 2002
Pohozhe, chto dlya ob'yasneniya astrofizicheskih i kosmologicheskih rezul'tatov
poslednih neskol'kih let neobhodimo privlekat' novuyu fiziku. V obzore
neskol'ko razdelov. V mikrofizicheskom podrobno rassmotreny
razlichnye vidy chastic, iz kotoryh mozhet sostoyat'
temnaya materiya (WIMPs, supersimmetrichnye chasticy, aksiony),
a takzhe registraciya etih chastic napryamuyu i po produktam raspada.
V kosmologicheskom razdele opisany poslednie rezul'taty izmereniya
anizotropii mikrovolnovogo fona (relikta) vklyuchaya eksperimenty
BOOMERANG i ARCHEOPs. Rassmotren ryad effektov, svyazannyh s inflyaciei.
Poslednii razdel posvyashen temnoi energii, kotoraya vyzyvaet uskorenie
rasshireniya nashei Vselennoi.
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astro-ph/0210675
Otbor celei dlya proekta SETI. Katalog blizkih potencial'no obitaemyh
sistem.
(Target Selection for SETI: 1. A Catalog of Nearby Habitable Stellar
Systems)
Authors: Margaret C. Turnbull, Jill C. Tarter
Commets: 42 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ Supp, to appear in v145,
March 2003
Institut SETI planiruet v skorom vremeni
nachat' novyi proekt po poisku vnezemnogo razuma, a potomu provoditsya rabota
po otboru celei. 2000 sistem, otobrannyi dlya proekta Feniks uzhe
nedostatochno. V stat'e avtory privodyat spisok potencial'no obitaemyh
zvezdnyh sistem v okrestnosti Solnca.
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astro-ph/0210676
Modeli evolyucionnogo sinteza dlya rascheta "prevrashenii" galaktik v
skopleniyah
(Evolutionary Synthesis Models for Galaxy Transformation in Clusters)
Authors: Jens Bicker, U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben, K. J. Fricke
Commets: 4 Pages, Eurokiel2002 Poster Proceeding
Okazyvaetsya, statistika galaktik v skopleniyah na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka
0.5 i vblizi nas sushestvenno razlichno.
Esli vokrug nas "kokteil'" sostoit iz odnoi chasti ellipticheskih,
dvuh chastei S0 galaktik, i odnoi chasti spiral'nyh, to na z=0.5
gorazdo bol'she spiral'nyh galaktik (eto izbytok obespechivaetsya men'shim
chislom S0 galaktik).
Prichin dlya takogo razlichiya mozhet byt' neskol'ko: sliyaniya, vspyshki
zvezdoobrazovaniya, vliyanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy ...
Avtory ispol'zuyut svoi modeli evolyucionnogo sinteza dlya izucheniya vlichniya
zvezdoobrazovaniya na izmeneniya sostava "galakticheskogo kokteilya".
V etoi korotkoi zametke predstavleny lish' pervye rezul'taty, odnako problema
dovol'no interesna, potomu my i obrashaem na nee vashe vnimanie.
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astro-ph/0210681
Obzor Galaktiki v rentgenovskih luchah
(Galactic X-ray Survey)
Authors: K. Ebisawa et al.
Commets: 7 pages,
Presented at "X-ray surveys in the light of new observations",
4-6 September, Santander, Spain. 4 pages with 4 figures
Avtory predstavlyayut svoi nablyudeniya Galaktiki (ploskosti, centra) na
sputnikah Chandra i ASCA. V stat'e korotko, no ponyatno rasskazyvaetsya pro
galakticheskie istochniki raznyh tipov.
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astro-ph/0210694
Katalog USNO-B
(The USNO-B Catalog)
Authors: D. Monet, S. Levine, B. Canzian, H. Ables, A. Bird, C. Dahn, H.
Guetter, H. Harris, A. Henden, S. Leggett, H. Levison, C. Luginbuhl, J.
Martini, A. Monet, J. Munn, J. Pier, A. Rhodes, B. Riepe, S. Sell, R. Stone,
F. Vrba, R. Walker, G. Westerhout, R. Brucato, N. Reid, W. Schoening, M.
Hartley, M. Read, S. Tritton
Commets: Accepted by Astronomical Journal
USNO-B - katalog vsego neba v kotorom privedeny polozheniya, sobstvennye dvizheniya,
zvezdnye velichiny v neskol'kih fil'trah i opredelenie tipa ob'ekta (zvezda ili
galaktika). Nazvanie kataloga rasshifrovyvaetsya kak U.S. Naval Observatory,
a "B" oboznachaet versiyu (t.k. do USNO-B sushestvovali USNO-A, A1.0 i A2.0).
Katalog soderzhit dannye o 1,042,618,261 ob'ektah, poluchennyh po
3,643,201,733 individual'nym izmereniyam 7,435 Shmidtovskih fotoplastinok iz
razlichnyh obzorov neba, provodivshihsya za poslednie 50 let. Katalog polon
primerno do V=21, ego astrometricheskaya tochnost' - 0.2" na epohu J2000,
a fotometricheskaya - 0.3 zvezdnoi velichiny. Avtomaticheskaya klassifikaciya
ob'ektov na zvezdy/galaktiki verna s veroyatnost'yu 85%.
Katalog dostupen cherez set' po adresu
http://www.nofs.navy.mil.
-
obzor
astro-ph/0210696
Osnovy anizotropii temperatury i polyarizacii relikta
(CMB Temperature and Polarization Anisotropy Fundamentals)
Authors: Wayne Hu (CfCP, U Chicago)
Commets: 16 pages, 6 figures, invited review for Annals of Physics, Jan 2003;
higher resolution figures at http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/pub.html
Planiruemye na blizhaishie gody eksperimenty po issledovaniyu anizotropii
kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fonovogo izlucheniya budut izmeryat' ne tol'ko ego
temperaturu, no i polyarizaciyu. Kakie novye rezul'taty mozhno ozhidat'
ot etih eksperimentov? Kakaya novaya fizika mozhet proyavit'sya pri izmerenii
polyarizacii? Kak eto svyazano s temnoi energiei i kosmologicheskim fonom
gravitacionnyh voln?
Dlya chteniya obzora trebuetsya opredelennaya matematicheskaya podgotovka.
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hep-ph/0210422
Katastroficheskaya perestroika kompaktnoi zvezdy pri obrazovanii
v nei kvarkovogo yadra
(Catastrophic rearrangement of a compact star due to the quark core
formation)
Authors: I.N. Mishustin, M. Hanauske, A. Bhattacharyya, L.M. Satarov, H.
Stoecker and W. Greiner
Commets: Latex, 14 pages including five postscript figures
My ne znaem kak vedet sebya veshestvo pri plotnostyah poryadka
1015 g/sm3, kotorye dostigayutsya v centrah
neitronnyh zvezd. Teorii predlagayut neskol'ko variantov. Odin iz nih -
chto pri dostizhenii opredelennoi plotnosti proishodit dekonfainment
kvarkov i v zvezde obrazuetsya yadro iz svobodnyh kvarkov (tochnee iz
kvark-glyuonnoi plazmy). A chto pri etom proizoidet s neitronnoi zvezdoi?
Avtory rassmatrivali dostatochno prostuyu dvuhkomponentnuyu model' i var'irovali
parametr uravneniya sostoyaniya, otvechayushii za energiyu dekonfainmenta. Bylo
obnaruzheno, chto zvezdy s kvarkovymi yadrami imeyut men'shie radiusy i
maksimal'nye massy, chem chisto neitronnye zvezdy (podobnye rezul'taty byli
izvestny i ran'she). Neozhidannym yavlyaetsya rezul'tat, chto v opredelennom uzkom
intervale znachenii parametra uravneniya sostoyaniya udalos' postroit'
2 ustoichivye posledovatel'nosti zvezd s kvarkovymi yadrami, otlichayushiesya
drug ot druga razmerami yadra. Mezhdu zvezdami etih posledovatel'nostei
vozmozhen bystryi perehod, kotoryi budet soprovozhdat'sya vydeleniem primerno
1052 erg energii. Perehod budet soprovozhdat'sya vspyshkoi
neitrinnogo izlucheniya i neskol'ko zaderzhannoi po vremeni vspyshkoi gamma-luchei.
Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory,
kosmologiya,
neitrino,
kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
nasha Galaktika,
mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
zvezdy,
sverhnovye,
ostatki sverhnovyh,
chernye dyry,
neitronnye zvezdy,
linzirovanie,
Solnce,
ekzoplanety,
Solnechnaya sistema,
akkreciya,
tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
gamma-vspleski,
gravitacionnye volny,
mehanizmy
izlucheniya,
chislennoe
modelirovanie,
dinamika,
mehanika
metody obrabotki
dannyh,
MGD,
metody
nablyudenii,
budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
prochee.
Poleznye astronomicheskie
ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.
Sergei Popov
Mihail Prohorov
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