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01.11.02. astro-ph za 28 oktyabrya - 01 noyabrya 2002 goda: izbrannye stat'i |
Osnovnaya cel' kosmicheskogo eksperimenta "Kepler" - poisk planet u blizhaishih zvezd po izmeneniyu ih bleska v hode prohozhdeniya planety po disku zvezdy. NASA predpolagaet issledovat' bolee 100,000 zvezd spektral'nyh klassov F, G i K za 4 goda nablyudenii. Kepler smozhet poluchat' fotometriyu zvezd s tochnost'yu 90 mikro-zvezdnyh velichin (9x10-5zv.velichiny) pri 15 minutnoi ekspozicii. Effekt mikrolinzirovaniya deistvuet v storonu protivopolozhnuyu zatmeniyu (prohozhdeniyu), t.e. ne oslablyaet, a usilivaet blesk zvezdy. No obychno dlya planet etim effektom mozhno prenebrech' - iz-za togo, chto razmer zvezdy velik i usilivaetsya (linziruetsya) izluchenie tol'ko ot nebol'shoi chasti ee poverhnosti. Drugoi prichinoi yavlyaetsya to, chto sami planety perekryvayut chast' potoka usilivaemogo izlucheniya, esli oni raspolozheny blizko k zvezde. Odnako, esli zvezda v sisteme kompaktna (v pervuyu ochered' ei mozhet byt' goryachii belyi karlik) i/ili planeta raspolozhena dostatochno daleko, to effekt mikrolinzirovaniya mozhet okazat'sya sushestvennym i dazhe perekryt' ospablenie iz-za prohozhdeniya. Eti i blizkie k nim voprosy dostatochno podrobno i neslozhno rassmotreny v dannom obzore.
Authors: Oleg Y. Gnedin Comments: 6 pages, proceedings of the ESO workshop "Extragalactic Globular Cluster Systems", ed. M. Kissler-Patig Kak i kogda obrazovalis' sharovye skopleniya? V nastoyashee vremya schitaetsya, chto oni poyavlyayutsya mezhdu z 7 i 3. V sovremennoi kartine ierarhicheskogo obrazovaniya struktury vnachale obrazuyutsya otnositel'no nebol'shie ob'ekty - karlikovye galaktiki. V nih-to i poyavlyayutsya pervye sharovye skopleniya (massivnyh galaktik prosto eshe net). Posle obshego vvedeniya avtor predstavlyaet rezul'taty chislennyh raschetov (Gnedin, Kravcov) obrazovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v galaktike tipa nashei. (sm. takzhe drugie nedavnie stat'i, posvyashennye obrazovaniyu sharovyh skoplenii: "The Formation of Globular Cluster Systems"; " Globular Cluster Formation"; "Building up the globular cluster system of the Milky Way. The contribution of the Sagittarius galaxy"; "Globular Cluster Systems of Spirals").
Authors: Michihiro Takami, Jeremy Bailey, Antonio Chrysostomou Commets: 18 pages including 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics V stat'e predstavleny dannye nablyudeniya 28 zvezd ne dostigshih glavnoi posledovatel'nosti yuzhnogo polushariya. Podrobno rassmotreny spektral'nye svoistva etih zvezd, a takzhe okolozvezdnye struktury s razresheniem do 1-2 astronomicheskih edinic. Ochen' bogatyi fakticheskii material.
Authors: P. Marigo (1), C. Chiosi (1), L. Girardi (2), R.-P. Kudritzki (3) ((1) Padova University, (2) Trieste Observatory, (3) Hawaii University) Commets: Invited talk at IAU Symp. 212, ``A Massive Star Odyssey, from Main Sequence to Supernova'', K.A. van der Hucht, A. Herrero, C. Esteban (eds.), 7 pages, 5 postscript figures Snachala o terminah v etom korotkom nazvanii: 1) pri obsuzhdenii himicheskogo sostava zvezd i mezhzvezdnoi sredy v astrofizike metallami nazyvayut vse elementy tyazhelee vodoroda i geliya. Obilie "metallov" oboznachayut bol'shoi bukvoi Z (tak kak bol'shie X i Y uzhe zanyaty po obilie vodoroda i geliya, sootvetstvenno). 2) Massivnymi avtory nazyvayut zvezdy v centre kotoryh v konce termoyadernoi evolyucii obrazuetsya vyrozhdennoi CO-yadro. Dlya zvezd s obychnym himicheskim sostavom eta granica prohodit mezhdu 5 i 6Mo, a dlya zvezd s nulevoi - mezhdu 5 i 6Mo. Kak pokazyvayut raschety processov v rannei vselennoi iz nachal'nogo vodoroda (protonov) v hode pervichnogo nukleosinteza voznikaet prakticheski tol'ko gelii (okolo 23%). S drugoi storony i v samyh staryh sharovyh skopleniyah nashei Galaktiki, i v samyh dalekih galaktikah dlya kotoryh izmereny spektry (i t.o. izuchen himicheskii sostav) metally prisutstvuyut. Ih obilie menyaetsya ot Solnechnogo do primerno v 10-40 raz men'shego, no ne do nulya (nigde). To est' v toi dostatochno bol'shoi chasti Vselennoi, himsostav kotoroi my znaem, veshestvo uzhe obogasheno metallami. Proizoiti eto moglo tol'ko v zvezdah, drugogo puti my ne znaem. Vot zdes' i voznikaet potrebnost' v zvezdah pervogo pokoleniya (Population-III), kotrye obrazovyvalis' iz veshestva s Z=0. Krome togo ih pomosh' polezna dlya ob'yasneniya reionizacii Vselennoi, obrazovaniya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr v galo galaktik i ryada nablyudaemyh osobennostei raspredeleniya himicheskih elementov v mezhzvezdnoi i mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Po-vidimomu, takie zvezdy byli bolee massivnymi, chem izvestnye nam segodnya, ih nachal'naya massa mogla dostigat' neskol'kih soten mass Solnca. V dannoi rabote dlya massivnyh zvezd s nachal'nym Z=0 postroeny evolyucionnye treki i izohrony na diagramme Gercshprunga-Ressela, issledovano himicheskoe obogashenie poverhnostnyh sloev i (pri nekotoryh predpolozheniyah) unos etih elementov zvezdnym vetrom. Raschety provodilis' dlya zvezd s nachal'nymi massami ot 8 do 1000Mo i zakanchivalis' s nachalom stadii goreniya ugleroda v yadre. [Hochu obratit' vashe vnimanie na to, chto pervaya vyshedshaya v SSSR na russkom yazyke kniga po evolyucii zvezd - D.A.Frank-Kameneckii, "Fizicheskie processy vnutri zvezd", M., Fizmatgiz, 1959 - takzhe rassmatrivala zvezdy bez metallov (chisto vodorodnye) i poetomu dolgoe vremya schitalas' sovershenno bespoleznoi.]
Authors: V. Belokurov, N.W. Evans Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS, to appear "Super-Hipparcos" - eto budushii astrometricheskii sputnik GAIA. Ego zapusk planiruetsya na 2010 god. Srok raboty sputnika - 5 let. Sputnik budet poluchat' horoshuyu mnogocvetnuyu fotometriyu. T.o. v rukah issledovatelei okazhetsya kolossal'noe kolichestvo informacii. Seichas aktivno obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye "pobochnye" produkty raboty GAIA. V dannoi rabote avtory obsuzhdayut, chto sputnik smozhet dat' dlya astrofiziki sverhnovyh zvezd. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto za 5 let sputnik smozhet zaregistrirovat' bolee 20 000 sverhnovyh (pyat' v den')! Primerno dve treti - eto sverhnovye Ia. V osnovnom eto blizkie (Z<0.14). Otdel'no avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' registracii gamma-izlucheniya i gravitacionnyh voln ot sverhnovyh, zamechennyh GAIA.
Author: John Ellis (CERN) Commets: 12 pages, 16 eps figures, uses espcrc2.sty. Talk presented at the XIIth International Symposium on Very-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, CERN, July 2002 Report-no: CERN-TH/2002-300 Obzor ochen' neglubokii, zato nebol'shoi po ob'emu i ohvatyvayushii bol'shoe chislo tem: spektr kosmicheskih luchei i luchi sverhvysokih energii, pervichnyi nukleosintez, anizotropiya relikta, massy i oscillyacii neitrino, supersimmetrichnye chasticy i temnaya materiya, kvantovaya gravitaciya na pankovskih masshtabah i prostranstvenno-vremennaya pena. Dlya vseh etih tem zatronuty kak teoreticheskie aspekty, tak i eksperimental'naya proverka.
Authors: Valeria Ferrari, Giovanni Miniutti, Jose' A. Pons Comments: submitted to MNRAS, 24 pages Novorozhdennye neitronnye zvezdy (vozrast menee minuty) sushestvenno otlichayutsya ot bolee "zrelyh" ob'ektov etogo tipa. Eto goryachie, neprozrachnye dlya neitrino shary. Za neskol'ko sekund oni izluchayut kolossal'nuyu energiyu. Bol'shaya chast' unositsya neitrino, no nekotoraya dolya unositsya gravitacionnymi volnami. V etoi stat'e avtory rassmatrivayut process izlucheniya gravvoln molodymi neitronnymi zvezdami. Pokazano, chto esli neitronnaya zvezda rozhdaetsya v nashei Galaktike, to ee gravizluchenie mozhet byt' zaregistrirovano uzhe pervym pokoleniem lazernyh interferometrov. Krome togo, obrazuyushiesya v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd bolee massivnye, t.n. "supramassivnye", neitronnye zvezdy mogut yavlyat'sya bolee moshnymi istochnikami gravitacionnogo izlucheniya. Oni mogut byt' zaregistrirovany na rasstoyaniyah, sootvetstvuyushih skopleniyu v Deve, chto daet temp poryadka neskol'kih shtuk v god.
Authors: Keith S. Noll et al. Comments: 22 pages including 3 tables and 4 figures Transneptunovye ob'ekty (k kotorym sleduet otnosit' i Pluton s Haronom) stanovyatsya ochen' populyarnymi v poslednee vremya. Interesno, chto sredi ob'ektov poyasa Koipera, kak i sredi asteroidov, obnaruzhivayut pary (samaya izvestnaya, opyat' zhe, - Pluton i Haron). Noll s soavtorami soobshayut ob obnaruzhenii dvoistvennosti eshe dvuh obektov: 1997 CQ29 i 2000 CF105. T.o. chislo izvestnyh par dostigaet vos'mi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu komponentami par poryadka neskol'kih tysyach kilometrov. Obnaruzhenie par ochen' vazhno, t.k. (kak i v zvezdnoi astronomii) eto edinstvennyi tochnyi sposob izmereniya mass. Znanie massy pozvolyaet ocenit' plotnost' ob'ektov poyasa Koipera, a eto kraine vazhno dlya ponimaniya ih prirody. V zaklyuchenie avtory sravnivayut ob'ekty poyasa Koipera s osnovnym poyasom asteroidov i s okolo-zemnymi ob'ektami.
Authors: Martin Goetz, Jesper Sommer-Larsen Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the Euroconference "Galaxy Evolution - III. From simple approaches to self-consistent models", Kiel, 2002. A high-quality version of Fig. 1 can be downloaded from http://www.tac.dk/~gotz/goetz.fig1.eps V svoei korotkoi zametke avtory predlagayut reshenie dvuh problem, sushestvuyushih v teorii obrazovaniya galaktik. Eti problemy otnosyatsya k otnositel'no nebol'shim prostranstvennym masshtabam - poryadka razmera galaktik. Model' holodnoi temnoi materii predskazyvaet slishkom mnogo karlikovyh galaktik-sputnikov. Krome togo, v etoi modeli obrazuyushiesya galaktiki imeyut uglovoi moment men'she nablyudayushegosya. Vvedenie nekotorogo kolichestva teploi temnoi materii snimaet, po mneniyu avtorov, vysheopisannye problemy, chto oni i demonstriruyut s pomosh'yu chislennyh raschetov. Odnako, v zaklyuchenie avtory ukazyvayut, chto eti problemy mozhno reshit' i v ramkah bolee detalizirovannogo scenariya s holodnoi temnoi materiei.
Authors: M. Jarvis, G. Bernstein, B. Jain, P. Fischer, D. Smith, J.A. Tyson, D. Wittman Commets: 41 pages, submitted to AJ 10/5/2002 Slayuoe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie ne ochen' sil'no izmenyaet blesk linzirovannyh galaktik, no zametno menyaet ih formu (vytyagivaet v kakot-to napravlenii). Prichem u sosednih ob'ektov iskazheniya odinakovo orientirovany, chto pozvolyaet otdelit ih ot sobstvennoi formy i orientacii ob'ektov. V dannoi rabote byli izmereny elliptichnosti 2 millionov galaktik so zvezdnoi velichinoi R<23 v 12 daleko raznesennyh ploshadkah obshei ploshal'yu 75 kvadratnyh gradusov. Byli vyyavleny tipichnye dlya gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya iskazheniya ("E-mode"), prichem na masshtabah ~30' iskazheniya galaktik horosho korrelirovali drug s drugom. Na osnove etih dannyh polucheny organicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry (\sigma_8 i \Omega_m), kotorye horosho soglasuyutsya so snacheniyami poluchennymi drugimi metodami. V pervoi polovine stat'i detal'no opisan metod slabogo linzirovaniya, vo vtoroi - obsuzhdayutsya ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry i proizvoditsya sravnenie s drugimi eksperimentami.
Authors: Alessandro Melchiorri (Oxford), Carolina J. \"Odman (Cambridge) Commets: 5 pages, 3 figures Odno iz vazhnyh predskazanii inflyacionnoi teorii - sushestvovanie fona nizkochastotnyh stohasticheskih kosmologicheskih gravitacionnyh voln (GV). Eti volny dolzhny vliyat' na anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya na dostatochno krupnyh uglovyh masshtabah. Ob'ediniv dannye predydushih eksperimentov po izmereniyu anizotropii relikta (kotorye, v osnovnom, provodili izmereniya na srednih i melkih uglovyh masshtabah) s dannymi novogo eksperimenta ARCHEOPS avtoru udalos' pokazat', chto otnoshenie vkladov tenzornyh(GV)/skalyarnyh vozmushenii v kvadrupole reliktovogo izlucheniya sostavlyaet n_S=0.97-0.12+0.10.
Authors: Hy Trac, Ue-Li Pen Commets: 19 pages, 9 figures; includes sample 3-D hydro code; submitted to PASP Dostatochno podrobno razobran primer chislennogo resheniya uravnenii Eilera (uravnenii gidrodinamiki) s pomosh'yu shemy TVD (nelineinaya, 2-go poryadka). V kachestve primere rassmatrivaetsya zadacha o sil'nom vzryve (zadacha Sedova-Teilora) s izvestnym analiticheskim resheniem. Obzor budet polezen tem, kto nachinaet zanimat'sya gidrodinamicheskimi raschetami (ne tol'ko v astrofizike).
Authors: Dan Hooper and Brenda Dingus Commets: 4 pages, 3 figures Report-no: MAD-PH-02-1310, LAUR-02-6743 Soglasno bol'shinstvu supersimmetrichnyh modelei, neitralino (kotorye sostavlyayut supersimmetrichnuyu temnuyu materiyu) koncentriruyutsya v centrah galaktik. Neitralino postepenno annigiliruyut, ispuskaya gamma-luchi, kotorye mozhno pytat'sya nablyudat'. Uzhe zakonchennyi eksperiment EGRET vel nablyudeniya centra nashei Galaktiki v diapazone energii ot 30 MeV do ~30 GeV. Obrabotka nablyudenii byla napravlena na vydelenie fona, t.e; isklyuchalis' tochechnye istochniki i t.d. Avtory prishli k zaklyucheniyu, chto dannye EGRET zakryvayut mnogie supersimmetrichnye teorii, esli plotnost' neitralino bystro rastet k centru Galaktiki. Bolee tochnye nablyudeniya budut provedeny v eksperimente GLAST, eto tozhe obsuzhdaetsya v stat'e.
Authors: R. Napiwotzki, N. Christlieb, H. Drechsel, H.-J. Hagen, U. Heber, D. Homeier, C. Karl, D. Koester, B. Leibundgut, T.R. Marsh, S. Moehler, G. Nelemans, E.-M. Pauli, D. Reimers, A. Renzini, L. Yungelson Commets: in: "From Twilight to Highlight", eds. W. Hillebrandt & B. Leibundgut, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer-Verlag, in press, 6 pages, 2 figures Report-no: RP-21-02 Soglasno odnomu iz scenariev vspyshka sverhnovoi tipa Ia proishodit v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh dostatochno massivnyh belyh karlikov. Poisk takih sistem velsya v eksperimente SPY (SN Ia Progenitor surveY). V hode kotorogo na teleskope VLT s pomosh'yu spektrometra UVES iskalis' izmeneniya luchevyh skorostei. Otkryto 90 novyh dvoinyh belyh karlikov, vklyuchaya korotkoperiodicheskie sistemy s massami komponent blizkimi k chandrasekarovskomu predelu.
Authors: Jean Schneider (CNRS-Paris Observatory) Commets: 7 pages, published in "SF2A: Scientific Highlights 2002". Eds. F. Combes and D. Barret. EDPScience, 2002, p. 563 Ochen' korotkii i prostoi obzor - kakie parametry ekzoplanet mozhno opredelit' nablyudaya otrazhennyi ot nih svet, a kakie po teplovomu izlucheniyu. Vsego 7 stranic.
Authors: Ken'ichi Torii (RIKEN), Mitsuhiro Kohama (RIKEN), Toshifumi Yanagisawa (NAL), Kouji Ohnishi (Nagano NCT, NAOJ) Commets: 5 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to PASJ Novaya professional'naya tehnika i metodika registracii meteornyh potokov. Izobrazheniya meteorov poluchalis' s pomosh'yu dvuh fotokamer s CCD-matricami. Linii, poluchennye na izobrazheniyah, ekstrapolirovalis' do ih peresecheniya. Poluchennye koordinaty radianta potoka - (pryamoe voshozhdenie = 154o.35, sklonenie = 21o.55 v epohe J2000) - horosho sovpadayut s teoreticheskimi predskazaniyami. Pozhaluista, pokazhite etu stat'yu astronomam-lyubitelyam!
Authors: David J. Nice, Eric M. Splaver (Princeton), Ingrid H. Stairs (UBC) Commets: 6 pages, to appear in proceedings of "Radio Pulsars," Chania, Crete, August 2002 (ASP conference series) Pul'sar - ochen' tochnye "chasy" - na orbite v dvoinoi sisteme pozvolyaet srazu opredelit' funkciyu mass vtorogo komponenta (t.e. poluchit' ogranicheniya na nee snizu). Dlya togo, chtoby izmerit' massu samogo pul'sara neobhodimo zaregistrirovat' odni iz relyativistskih effektov:
Authors: E. Berger et al. Commets: Submitted to ApJ; 36 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures Avtory vpervye proveli polnyi obzor t.n. "hozyaiskih" (Host) galaktik gamma-vspleskov v submillimetrovom i radiodiapazonah. Eti volny byli vybrany ne sluchaino. Delo v tom, chto est' osnovaniya podozrevat' nalichie svyazi mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i zvezdoobrazovaniem. Esli gamma-vspleskm eto gipernovye, to oni dolzhny poyavlyat'sya v oblastyah moshnogo zvezdoobrazovaniya. Poslednie v svoyu ochered' luchshe izuchat'imenno v etih dlinnovolnovyh diapazonah. Nablyudeniya pokazali, chto galaktiki i v samom dele ne srednie. Dvadcat' procentov iz nih obladayut ochen' vysokim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya (500 mass solnca v god, dlya sravneniya: u nashei Galaktiki - poryadka odnoi massy Solnca v god).
Authors: G. Woan, for the GEO Collaboration Commets: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in ASP Conf. Ser., Radio Pulsars, ed. M. Bailes, D. J. Nice, & S. E. Thorsett (proceedings of August 2002 meeting in Crete) Daetsya kratkoe opisanie lazernogo interferometra GEO600, prednaznachennogo dlya registracii gravitacionnogo izlucheniya kosmicheskih istochnikov. Sredi poslednih bolee detal'no obsuzhdayutsya vrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy, osobenno pul'sary.
Authors: J. Sanz-Forcada (1 and 2), N. S. Brickhouse (1), and A. K. Dupree (1) ((1) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge-MA (USA), (2) INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo (Italy)) Commets: 45 pages, 9 figures (with 20 eps files). Accepted for its publication in ApJS Dlya 28 zvezd (22 aktivnye dvoinye i 6 odinochnyh zvezd ili ochen' shirokih par) ustanovlena struktura koron po nablyudeniyam v predel'nom ul'trafiolete s borta observatorii EUVE. Priveden ochen' bol'shoi i podrobnyi fakticheskii material.
Authors: R. Oechslin, G. Poghosyan, K. Uryu Commets: 3 Pages, 4 Figures, Proc. Nuclei in the Cosmos 7, 2002 Ochen' kratko opisyvaetsya problema nalichiya kvarkovogo veshestva v slivayushihsya neitronnyh zvezdah. T.k. gravitaconnyi signal mozhet dat' nekotoruyu informaciyu o vnutrennem stroenii neitronnyh zvezd, to predstavlyaet interesnyh rassmotret' stol' modnuyu seichas gipotezu o strannoi materii.
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski (Caltech) Commets: Invited talk at Secrets of the B meson, XXX SLAC Summer Institute, August 2002 (SSI02), 37 pages, 13 figures. Also to appear in proceedings of ICHEP02, 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics, Amsterdam, July 2002 Pohozhe, chto dlya ob'yasneniya astrofizicheskih i kosmologicheskih rezul'tatov poslednih neskol'kih let neobhodimo privlekat' novuyu fiziku. V obzore neskol'ko razdelov. V mikrofizicheskom podrobno rassmotreny razlichnye vidy chastic, iz kotoryh mozhet sostoyat' temnaya materiya (WIMPs, supersimmetrichnye chasticy, aksiony), a takzhe registraciya etih chastic napryamuyu i po produktam raspada. V kosmologicheskom razdele opisany poslednie rezul'taty izmereniya anizotropii mikrovolnovogo fona (relikta) vklyuchaya eksperimenty BOOMERANG i ARCHEOPs. Rassmotren ryad effektov, svyazannyh s inflyaciei. Poslednii razdel posvyashen temnoi energii, kotoraya vyzyvaet uskorenie rasshireniya nashei Vselennoi.
Authors: Margaret C. Turnbull, Jill C. Tarter Commets: 42 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ Supp, to appear in v145, March 2003 Institut SETI planiruet v skorom vremeni nachat' novyi proekt po poisku vnezemnogo razuma, a potomu provoditsya rabota po otboru celei. 2000 sistem, otobrannyi dlya proekta Feniks uzhe nedostatochno. V stat'e avtory privodyat spisok potencial'no obitaemyh zvezdnyh sistem v okrestnosti Solnca.
Authors: Jens Bicker, U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben, K. J. Fricke Commets: 4 Pages, Eurokiel2002 Poster Proceeding Okazyvaetsya, statistika galaktik v skopleniyah na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka 0.5 i vblizi nas sushestvenno razlichno. Esli vokrug nas "kokteil'" sostoit iz odnoi chasti ellipticheskih, dvuh chastei S0 galaktik, i odnoi chasti spiral'nyh, to na z=0.5 gorazdo bol'she spiral'nyh galaktik (eto izbytok obespechivaetsya men'shim chislom S0 galaktik). Prichin dlya takogo razlichiya mozhet byt' neskol'ko: sliyaniya, vspyshki zvezdoobrazovaniya, vliyanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy ... Avtory ispol'zuyut svoi modeli evolyucionnogo sinteza dlya izucheniya vlichniya zvezdoobrazovaniya na izmeneniya sostava "galakticheskogo kokteilya". V etoi korotkoi zametke predstavleny lish' pervye rezul'taty, odnako problema dovol'no interesna, potomu my i obrashaem na nee vashe vnimanie.
Authors: K. Ebisawa et al. Commets: 7 pages, Presented at "X-ray surveys in the light of new observations", 4-6 September, Santander, Spain. 4 pages with 4 figures Avtory predstavlyayut svoi nablyudeniya Galaktiki (ploskosti, centra) na sputnikah Chandra i ASCA. V stat'e korotko, no ponyatno rasskazyvaetsya pro galakticheskie istochniki raznyh tipov. Sm. takzhe korotkie zametki teh zhe avtorov: astro-ph/0210682, astro-ph/0210683.
Authors: D. Monet, S. Levine, B. Canzian, H. Ables, A. Bird, C. Dahn, H. Guetter, H. Harris, A. Henden, S. Leggett, H. Levison, C. Luginbuhl, J. Martini, A. Monet, J. Munn, J. Pier, A. Rhodes, B. Riepe, S. Sell, R. Stone, F. Vrba, R. Walker, G. Westerhout, R. Brucato, N. Reid, W. Schoening, M. Hartley, M. Read, S. Tritton Commets: Accepted by Astronomical Journal USNO-B - katalog vsego neba v kotorom privedeny polozheniya, sobstvennye dvizheniya, zvezdnye velichiny v neskol'kih fil'trah i opredelenie tipa ob'ekta (zvezda ili galaktika). Nazvanie kataloga rasshifrovyvaetsya kak U.S. Naval Observatory, a "B" oboznachaet versiyu (t.k. do USNO-B sushestvovali USNO-A, A1.0 i A2.0). Katalog soderzhit dannye o 1,042,618,261 ob'ektah, poluchennyh po 3,643,201,733 individual'nym izmereniyam 7,435 Shmidtovskih fotoplastinok iz razlichnyh obzorov neba, provodivshihsya za poslednie 50 let. Katalog polon primerno do V=21, ego astrometricheskaya tochnost' - 0.2" na epohu J2000, a fotometricheskaya - 0.3 zvezdnoi velichiny. Avtomaticheskaya klassifikaciya ob'ektov na zvezdy/galaktiki verna s veroyatnost'yu 85%. Katalog dostupen cherez set' po adresu http://www.nofs.navy.mil.
Authors: Wayne Hu (CfCP, U Chicago) Commets: 16 pages, 6 figures, invited review for Annals of Physics, Jan 2003; higher resolution figures at http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/pub.html Planiruemye na blizhaishie gody eksperimenty po issledovaniyu anizotropii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fonovogo izlucheniya budut izmeryat' ne tol'ko ego temperaturu, no i polyarizaciyu. Kakie novye rezul'taty mozhno ozhidat' ot etih eksperimentov? Kakaya novaya fizika mozhet proyavit'sya pri izmerenii polyarizacii? Kak eto svyazano s temnoi energiei i kosmologicheskim fonom gravitacionnyh voln? Dlya chteniya obzora trebuetsya opredelennaya matematicheskaya podgotovka.
Authors: I.N. Mishustin, M. Hanauske, A. Bhattacharyya, L.M. Satarov, H. Stoecker and W. Greiner Commets: Latex, 14 pages including five postscript figures My ne znaem kak vedet sebya veshestvo pri plotnostyah poryadka 1015 g/sm3, kotorye dostigayutsya v centrah neitronnyh zvezd. Teorii predlagayut neskol'ko variantov. Odin iz nih - chto pri dostizhenii opredelennoi plotnosti proishodit dekonfainment kvarkov i v zvezde obrazuetsya yadro iz svobodnyh kvarkov (tochnee iz kvark-glyuonnoi plazmy). A chto pri etom proizoidet s neitronnoi zvezdoi? Avtory rassmatrivali dostatochno prostuyu dvuhkomponentnuyu model' i var'irovali parametr uravneniya sostoyaniya, otvechayushii za energiyu dekonfainmenta. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto zvezdy s kvarkovymi yadrami imeyut men'shie radiusy i maksimal'nye massy, chem chisto neitronnye zvezdy (podobnye rezul'taty byli izvestny i ran'she). Neozhidannym yavlyaetsya rezul'tat, chto v opredelennom uzkom intervale znachenii parametra uravneniya sostoyaniya udalos' postroit' 2 ustoichivye posledovatel'nosti zvezd s kvarkovymi yadrami, otlichayushiesya drug ot druga razmerami yadra. Mezhdu zvezdami etih posledovatel'nostei vozmozhen bystryi perehod, kotoryi budet soprovozhdat'sya vydeleniem primerno 1052 erg energii. Perehod budet soprovozhdat'sya vspyshkoi neitrinnogo izlucheniya i neskol'ko zaderzhannoi po vremeni vspyshkoi gamma-luchei.
Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.
Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.): Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki. Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g. |
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