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Novosti nauki
The R.A.P. Project
20.09.02. astro-ph za 16 - 20 sentyabrya 2002 goda: izbrannye stat'i


astro-ph/0209251 Collapse of a Rotating Supermassive Star to a Supermassive Black Hole: Analytic Determination of the Black Hole Mass and Spin
Authors: Stuart L. Shapiro, Masaru Shibata
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal, October 1, 2002

Rassmatrivaetsya kollaps sverhmassivnoi zvezdy v sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru. Pokazano, chto parametry, poluchennye nedavno v rezul'tate chislennyh raschetov, mogut takzhe byt' polucheny analiticheski.


astro-ph/0209252 The Spiral Structure of the Milky Way, Cosmic Rays, and Ice Age Epochs on Earth
Authors: Nir J. Shaviv
Comments: 33 pages, 11 figures. To Appear in New Astronomy

Ranee my uzhe pisali ob etoi rabote. Togda poyavilis' tol'ko materialy konferencii, teper' zhe - polnaya zhurnal'naya stat'ya. Napomnim sut' issledovaniya. Izvestno, chto kosmicheskie luchi v principe mogut vliyat' na zemnoi klimat. Periodicheski Zemlya (vmeste s Solncem) peresekaet spiral'nye rukava Galaktiki. Imenno v rukavah v ostatkah sverhnovyh uskoryayutsya kosmicheskie luchi. Stalo byt' ih potok na Zemle budet povyshennym. Eto mozhet privesti k periodicheskim klimaticheskim anomaliyam. Avtor nahodit svidetel'stva v pol'zu togo, chto takoe deistvitel'no imelo mesto v istorii nashei planety.


astro-ph/0209257 Gamma Ray Bursts from delayed collapse of neutron stars to quark matter stars
Authors: Z. Berezhiani et al.
Comments: AAS LaTeX, 11 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables

Daetsya ob'yasnenie togo, kak gamma-vsplesk mozhet proizoiti spustya mnogo dnei ili let posle vzryva sverhnovoi. Ideya sostoit v perehode adronnogo veshestva neitronnoi zvezdy v kvarkovoe veshestvo. V rezul'tate vydelyaetsya poryadka 1052-53 erg.


obzor astro-ph/0209263 Gravitational Lensing at Millimeter Wavelengths
Authors: Tommy Wiklind, Danielle Alloin
Comments: 69 pages, Review on quasar lensing. Part of a LNP Topical Volume on "Dark matter and gravitational lensing", eds. F. Courbin, D. Minniti. To be published by Springer-Verlag 2002. Paper with full resolution figures can be found at ftp://oden.oso.chalmers.se/pub/tommy/mmviews.ps.gz

Daetsya detal'nyi obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya izucheniya vnegalakticheskih gravitacionnyh linz v mililmetrovom i submillimetrovom diapazonah. Obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnosti budushih proektov (ALMA).


obzor astro-ph/0209264 Black holes and gamma ray bursts: background for the theoretical model
Authors: Remo J. Ruffini
Comments: 33 pages, 19 figures, to appear in the "Proceedings of the Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (MGIXMM)", World Scientific (Singapore, in press)

Remo Ruffini - izvestneishii specialist po izucheniyu chernyh dyr. V techenie dolgogo vremeni on i ego gruppa razrabatyvayut al'ternativnuyu standartnym teoriyu gamma-vspleskov. Ideya sostoit v polyarizacii vakuuma pri kollapse.


astro-ph/0209265 Ex-nihilo: Obstacles Surrounding Teaching the Standard Model
Authors: Kevin A. Pimbblet
Comments: 6 pages. Accepted for publication in Physics Ed

Moe lichnoe ubezhdenie sostoit v tom, chto 11-tiklassniki pri izuchenii kursa astronomii dolzhny poznakomit'sya s dvumya fundamental'nymi faktami. Odin - sintez elementov vo Vselennoi (my vse sostoim iz "zvezdnogo veshestva"). Vtoroi - razbeganie galaktik (v prostorech'e - "rasshirenie Vselennoi"). V svoei stat'e Kevin Pimbblet rassmatrivaet izvestnuyu problemu: chto meshaet shkol'nikam pravil'no usvoit' vtoroi fakt (vklyuchaya prosteishee opisanie modeli bol'shogo vzryva i t.p.).


astro-ph/0209269 On the origin of the torus and jet-like structures in the centre of Crab Nebula
Authors: S. V. Bogovalov, D.V. Khangoulian
Comments: 7 pages, 1 figure. accepted to MNRAS

Avtory rassmatrivayut obrazovanie tora i dzhetov vokrug pul'sara v Krabe. Novoe, chto vvodyat avtory, - anizotropiya potoka energii ot pul'sara.


populyarno astro-ph/0209273 Inflation at the Edge
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski
Comments: 8 pages. To appear in "Galaxy Evolution: Theory and Observations", Eds. V. Avila-Reese, C. Firmani, C. Frenk, & C. Allen, RevMexAA SC (2002)

V dovol'no populyarnoi forme avtor rassuzhdaet na temu kak mozhno chto-to uznat' ob inflyacionnom potenciale po dannym sovremennyh i budushih nablyudenii (reliktovoe izluchenie, krupnomasshtabnaya struktura i t.p.).


obzor astro-ph/0209293 White Dwarfs in Globular Clusters - Progenitors, Successors and the Real Thing
Authors: Sabine Moehler
Comments: 8 pages, 2 figures, uses newpasp.sty (included), Invited Review to appear in "New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy", eds. G. Piotto, G. Meylan, G. Djorgovski, & M. Riello, ASP Conf. Ser. (2003)

Belyh karlikov voobshe mnogo, a v sharovyh skopleniyah - osobenno. Eti zvezdnye ostatki vazhny, v chastnosti, potomu, chto pozvolyayut poluchat' nezavisimye ocenki rasstoyaniya do sharovyh skoplenii, a takzhe dayut vozmozhnost' uznat' vozrast skopleniya. Avtor obsuzhdaet v svoem obzore evolyucionnyi put' belyh karlikov v sharovyh skopleniyah. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya puti do stadii belogo karlika.


astro-ph/0209295 Cooling of Neutron Stars: Two Types of Triplet Neutron Pairing
Authors: M.E.Gusakov, O.Y.Gnedin
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures
Journal-ref: Astronomy Letters 28 (2002) 669-675


astro-ph/0209297 Gravitational lensing by spherically symmetric lenses with angular momentum
Authors: M. Sereno, V.F. Cardone
Comments: 6 pages, To appear in A&A

Avtory rassmatrivayut linzirovanie na sfericheskoi linze, obladayushei zametnym momentom vrasheniya. Eto mozhet byt' vazhno dlya linzirovaniya na belyh karlikah i galaktikah. Effekt okazyvaetsya poryadka 0.1%.


obzor astro-ph/0209298 Search for ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
Authors: L. Foschini et al.
Comments: 4 pages, no figures. Presented at AGN05: Inflows, Outflows and Reprocessing around black holes, Como (Italy), 11-14 June 2002. To appear in the Proceedings

Daetsya obzor po t.n. sverhyarkim (ultraluminous) rentgenovskim istochnikam. Prichina ih naimenovaniya kroetsya v tom, chto svetimost' istochnikov prevoshodit eddingtonovskuyu dlya zvezdnyh mass. Rassmatrivayutsya razlichnye gipotezy, ob'yasnyayushie prirodu etih ob'ektov.

Ob obnaruzhenii odnogo ochen' interesnogo ob'ekta dannogo tipa sm. astro-ph/0209292.


astro-ph/0209300 The RAPTOR Experiment: A System for Monitoring the Optical Sky in Real Time
Authors: W.T. Vestrand et al.
Comments: 11 pages, To appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 4845

Nashestvie robotov. Zemlyu pokroet set' polnost'yu robotizirovannyh teleskopov, svyazannyh v edinuyu set'. Ni odin astronomicheskii ob'ekt ne smozhet iz nee vyrvat'sya ...

Primerno tak budet obstoyat' delo v nedalekom budushem. Poka zhe est' neskol'ko takih teleskopov v raznyh chastyah sveta, i est' proekt RAPTOR.

Proekt prednaznachen dlya otslezhivaniya opticheskih tranzientov. Sostoit on iz dvuh sistem teleskopov, raznesennyh na 38 kilometrov, i nablyudayushih odin i tot zhe uchastok neba ploshad'yu 1500 kv. gradusov. Za schitannye sekundy sistema analiziruet poyavivshiesya tranzienty. Na vspyhnuvshii ob'ekt navoditsya sistema, dayushaya bolee detal'noe izobrazhenie. Istochniki nablyudayutsya v raznyh fil'trah, tak chto imeetsya i informaciya o cvetah. Krome vsego prochego, na interesnyi ob'ekt mozhno navesti i teleskop so spektrografom (pravda, nizkogo razresheniya).


obzor astro-ph/0209301 Solar Wind Acceleration in Coronal Holes
Authors: Steven R. Cranmer
Comments: 6-page review paper (single PDF file), 4 figures, published in the proceedings of the SOHO-11 Symposium: From Solar Minimum to Solar Maximum, 11-15 March 2002, Davos, Switzerland, ESA SP-508, pp. 361--366

Daetsya obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya del v izuchenii vysokoskorostnyh vybrosov, kotorye uskoryayutsya v koronal'nyh dyrah. Dannye sputnika SOHO, a takzhe dannye s drugih apparatov dayut vazhnye ogranicheniya na vozmozhnye ob'yasneniya togo, kak chasticy uskoryayutsya do nablyudayushihsya bol'shih energii. Avtor obsuzhdaet kak nablyudatel'nye novosti, tak i novosti v teoreticheskih issledovaniyah, a takzhe perspektivy, svyazannye s novymi proektami.


obzor astro-ph/0209303 Stellar Radioactivities and diffuse gamma-ray line emission in the Milky Way
Authors: Nikos Prantzos
Comments: Invited review talk in The Gamma-Ray Universe (XXII Moriond Astrophysics meeting), 14 pages, 5 figs. Proceedings edited by A. Goldwurm et al. (in press)

V stat'e dan obzor "zvezdnoi radioaktivnosti". Rech' idet o sinteze radioaktivnyh elementov massivnymi zvezdami (v tom chisle i pri vzryvah sverhnovyh). Dan interesnyi istoricheskii obzor.


astro-ph/0209310 A 1" Telescope: The Optimal Approach to Bright-Star Planetary Transits
Authors: Joshua Pepper, Andrew Gould, and D. L. DePoy (Ohio State University)
Comments: 6 pages, including 1 figure

Okazyvaetsya, chto dlya otkrytiya planet horosho nablyudat' yarkie zvezdy. Dlya etogo luchshe vsego podhodyat OChEN' malen'kie teleskopy. Godichnyi obzor s kroshechnym teleskopom mozhet dat' vozmozhnost' otkryt' VSE goryachie yupitery okolo zvezd yarche 10 velichiny (a ih mnogo!).


sensaciya? astro-ph/0209313 A 20 Thousand Solar Mass Black Hole in the Stellar Cluster G1
Authors: Karl Gebhardt, R. Michael Rich, Luis Ho
Comments: 4 pages, accepted in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, October 2002

Chernye dyry byvayut raznymi: zvezdnyh mass (obrazuyutsya iz zvezd), sverhmassivnye (obrazuyutsya v centrah galaktik), pervichnye (ochen' malen'kie massy, kak u asteroida, obrazuyutsya v rannei Vselennoi). Poslednee vremya poyavilis' ukazaniya na sushestvovanie chernyh dyr s massami poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Otkryto mnogo t.n. sverhyarkih istochnikov, svetimost' kotoryh sootvetstvuet eddingtonovskomu predelu dlya ob'ekta s massoi poryadka neskol'kih tysyach mass Solnca. Odnako, mnogie schitayut, chto tut vse mozhet byt' prosto. Svetimost' ocenivayut v predpolozhenii izotropnogo izlucheniya. Esli zhe est' strui, to real'naya svetimost' na poryadki nizhe, i problemy net.

V stat'e opisyvaetsya izmerenie massy chernoi dyry v sharovom skoplenii G1 (Mayall II). Ono nahoditsya v Tumannosti Andromedy. Po dispersii skorostei zvezd uchenye ocenili massu dyry. Eto ne sovsem pryamoe izmerenie (luchshe bylo by poluchit' individual'nye skorosti zvezd na ochen' malom rasstoyanii ot yadra), odnako reshul'tat vyglyadit dovol'no nadezhnym. Vozmozhno, G1 eto ne obychnoe skoplenie, a yadro galaktiki, pogloshennoi Tumannost'yu Andromedy. Po sootnosheniyu massa dyry - dispersiya 1 popadaet na odnu pryamuyu so mnogimi galaktikami.

Krome etogo, po nablyudeniyam na Kosmicheskom teleskope otkryta chernaya dyra s massoi 4 103 mass Solnca v sharovom skoplenii M15 (astro-ph/0209314, astro-ph/0209315).


astro-ph/0209320 Title: Discrimination of Quark Stars from Neutron Stars in Quadrupole Oscillations
Authors: Yasufumi Kojima, Koh-ichi Sakata
Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Prog. Theor. Phys

Kak otlichit' obychnuyu neitronnuyu zvezdu ot kvarkovoi? Idei mnogo. Vot eshe odna. U kvarkovyh i neitronnyh zvezd okazyvayutsya razlichnymi kolebatel'nye svoistva. Esli udast'sya (v otdalennom budushem!) pronablyudat' gravitacionnye volny ot oscilliruyushih kompaktnyh ob'ektov, to mozhno budet otlichit' kvarkovye zvezdy ot neitronnyh (otmechu, odnako ot sebya, chto volny proshe nablyudat' ot tol'ko chto sformirovavshihsya zvezd, a perehod v kvarkovoe sostoyanie mozhet proizoiti namnogo pozzhe).


astro-ph/0209324 Origin of Correlations between Central Black Holes Masses and Galactic Bulge Velocity Dispersions
Authors: V .I. Dokuchaev, Yu.N. Eroshenko
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Astron. and Astrophys. Transactions

Vyshe my pisali o korrelyacii mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i dispersiei skorostei v baldzhe. V svoei stat'e avtory predlagayut ob'yasnenie sushestvovaniya takoi korrelyacii.


astro-ph/0209332 XMM-Newton Measurements of the Elemental Abundances in the Intracluster Medium
Authors: T.Tamura et al.
Comments: Contribution to "New Visions of the X-ray Universe in the XMM-Newton and Chandra Era" 26-30 November 2001, ESTEC, The Netherlands

Na osnove dannyh rentgenovskogo sputnika HMM polucheno soderzhanie elementov v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve. Sostav okazalsya pohozh na t.n. standartnyi solnechnyi. Takoe sootnoshenie elementov sozdaetsya v osnovnom blagodyarya vspyshkam sverhnovyh kak pervogo tak i vtorogo tipov. Znachit veshestvo horosho peremeshano. Odnako, vblizi massivnoi cD galaktiki zheleza okazalos' bol'she, chto mozhet svidetel'stvovat' o bol'shem vklade SNe Ia.


astro-ph/0209333 The WSO, a world-class observatory for the ultraviolet
Authors: M.A. Barstow et al.
Comments: 11 pages, including 7 figures and 5 tables To be published in Proc SPIE, vol 4854

Opisyvaetsya proekt kosmicheskoi ul'trafioletovoi observatorii s teleskopom diametrom 1.7 metra. Sputnik predpolagaetsya raspolozhit' vo vtoroi tochke Lagranzha sistemy Zemlya-Solnce.


astro-ph/0209334 Self-similar spherical shock solution with sustained energy injection
Authors: V. I. Dokuchaev
Comments: 14 pages, 8 figures

Dano bolee obshee reshenie Sedova-Teilora dlya rasshireniya obolochki posle vzryva. Avtor uchityvaet zavisimost' energovydeleniya cetral'nogo istochnika ot vremeni.


astro-ph/0209337 Cosmic Numbers: A Physical Classification for Cosmological Models
Authors: P.P. Avelino, C.J.A.P. Martins
Comments: 3 pages, no figures

Snova o variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Est' takoi vopros: kakie postoyannye mogut izmenyat'sya? Naprimer, esli my izmerili izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury, to menyaetsya li ona sama vcelom, ili izmenyayutsya kakie-to (kakie?) iz vhodyashih v nee konstant? Avtory i pytayutsya razobrat'sya v etih voprosah.


astro-ph/0209338 The Joint astrophysical Plasmadynamic EXperiment (J-PEX): A high-resolution rocket spectrometer
Authors: M.A. Barstow et al.
Comments: 11 pages, including 9 figure and 2 tables. To be published in Proc SPIE, vol 4854

Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty raboty novogo ul'trafioletovogo spektrografa, ispytannogo v raketnom zapuske. Instrument imeet ryad osobennostei, interesnyh specialistam.


astro-ph/0209339 On Radiation Drag and Neutrons in GRBs
Authors: Tomasz Bulik, Marek Sikora, Rafal Moderski
Comments: 4 pages, Proceedings of the XXXVIIth Rencontres de Moriond, Les Arcs, France, 4-9 March 2002

Opyat' pro neitrony. V rezul'tate gamma-vspleska mozhno ozhidat' poyavleniya v vybrose bol'shogo chisla neitronov (Derishev et al. 1999). Eto vedet k dinamicheskim effektam, izmenyayushim krivuyu bleska. Avtory issleduyut etu situaciya s ispol'zovaniem ranee neuchityvavshihsya effektov.


gr-qc/0209049 Dispelling the Anthropic Principle from the Dimensionality Arguments
Authors: Zhong Chao Wu
Comments: 7 pages, Essay

Esse. Etim mnogoe skazano. Avtor rassuzhdaet o tom, chto v d=11 supergravitacii estestvennym obrazom my okazyvaemsya v 4-mernom "normal'nom" prostranstve. Tak chto, schitaet kitaiskii uchenyi, net neobhodimosti v primenenii antropnogo principa v kosmologii.


obzor astro-ph/0209346 Primordial Stellar Populations
Authors: Nino Panagia
Comments: 14 pages, 10 figures; Invited Review, to appear in the Proceedings of the Conference "Origins 2002: The Heavy Element Trail from Galaxies to Habitable Worlds", 26-29 May, 2002, Eds. C.E. Woodward & E.P. Smith, to be published by ASP

Obsuzhdayutsya svoistva samyh pervyh zvezd. Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhno nablyudatel'no otlichit' eti ob'ekty ot sformirovavshihsya chut' pozdnee, kogda sreda byla uzhe obogashena tyazhelymi elementami. V zaklyuchenie avtor rassuzhdaet, kak NGST (teper' ego prinyato nazyvat' JWST) smozhet pomoch' v vyyavlenii "samyh pervyh".


astro-ph/0209356 The influence of magnetic fields on the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect in clusters of galaxies
Authors: P.M. Koch, Ph.Jetzer, D.Puy
Comments: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy

Effekt Zel'dovicha-Syunyaeva (rasseyanie reliktovyh fotonov na goryachih elektronah v skopleniyah galaktik) yavlyaetsya moshnym instrumentom sovremennoi kosmologii. Tochnost' nablyudenii rastet, poetomu vazhno uchityvat' razlichnye tonkie effekty. Naprimer, vlichnie magnitnogo polya v mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Avtory rassmatrivayut dannuyu problemu i poluchayut, chto magnitnoe pole mozhet umen'shit' signal na 10 procentov.


astro-ph/0209373 Asteroid detection at millimetric wavelengths with the Planck survey
Authors: G. Cremonese, F. Marzari, C. Burigana, M. Maris
Comments: Accepted for pubblication in New Astronomy (2002). 1 figure in .eps format.

Kak my uzhe neodnokratno otmechali v obzorah, vsyakii bol'shoi horoshii proekt imeet massu poleznyh poputnyh rezul'tatov (naprimer, sputnik SOHO, sozdannyi dlya izucheniya Solnca, otkryl uzhe 500 komet!). V dannoi stat'e avtory demonstriruyut, kak missiya Plank, sozdayushayasya dlya izucheniya reliktovogo izlucheniya (v chastnosti, dlya izmereniya ego polyarizacii), smozhet pomoch' v izuchenii malyh planet. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto Plank smozhet uvidet' okolo chetyreh soten asteroidov.


astro-ph/0209382 What can exoplanets tell us about our Solar System?
Authors: Charles H. Lineweaver et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, Conference proceedings: "Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets" held at the Carnegie Instituition, Washington DC June 18-21 2002. ASP Conf. Ser

Srazu neskol'ko rabot, posvyashennyh ekzoplanetam i dolozhennyh na dvuh raznyh konferenciya, vylozhila gruppa avstraliiskih uchenyh.

Pervaya iz etih rabot posvyashena sravneniyu nashei sistemy s izvestnymi ekzoplanetnymi sistemami. Po mneniyu avtorov nablyudeniya ne pozvolyayut govorit' o netipichnosti nashei sistemy.

Vo vtoroi stat'e (astro-ph/0209383) obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tipichnosti yupiterov i planet tipa Zemli. Issledovateli schitayut, chto oba tipa planet dolzhny byt' ves'ma tipichnymi.

Tret'ya stat'ya (astro-ph/0209385) svyazana s biogenezisom na Zemle i rasprostranennost'yu etogo yavleniya vo Vselennoi. I, nakonec, v poslednei (astro-ph/0209388) obsuzhdayutsya voprosy avtomaticheskogo poiska planet po ih prohozhdeniyam po diskam zvezd.


astro-ph/0209389 Detecting Topology in a Nearly Flat Spherical Universe
Authors: Jeffrey Weeks, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Philippe Uzan
Comments: 16 pages, 7 figures

Otchasti etot vopros obsuzhdalsya na forume Scientific.Ru. Opredelit' topologiyu Vselennoi voobshe nelegko, a v sluchae pochti ploskoi Vselennoi osobenno. Avtory rassmatrivayut chastnyi sfericheskii sluchai i pokazyvayut kakie algoritmy yavlyayutsya naibolee razumnymi i prostymi. Odnako, za prostotu prihoditsya platit' umen'sheniem kolichestva topologii, kotorye mozhno vyyavit'.



Arhiv statei, voshedshih v predydushie vypuski.

Razdely arhiva (s iyulya 2002 g.):
obzory, kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.


Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

Sergei Popov

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