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Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


Stat'i nedeli
"Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • astro-ph/0304024
    Chandra otkryvaet rentgenovskuyu dvoinuyu s chernoi dyroi v ul'trayarkom ostatke sverhnovoi MF 16
    Authors: T.P. Roberts, E.J.M. Colbert

  • astro-ph/0304174
    Pervyi subzvezdnyi subkarlik? Otkrytie L-karlika s nizkim soderzhaniem metallov i kinematicheskimi parametrami, harakternymi dlya galo
    Authors: Adam J. Burgasser et al.


    Goryachie temy nedeli

  • Obrazovanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v baldzhah galaktik i evolyuciya aktivnyh yader galaktik

  • Issledovaniya centra nashei Galaktiki

  • GRB030329

  • Sverhnovye

    Otdel'nye stat'i

  • O skorosti gravitacii i v/c popravke k zaderzhke Shapiro
  • Rentgen ot skoplenii galaktik
  • Chandra otkryvaet rentgenovskuyu dvoinuyu s chernoi dyroi v ul'trayarkom ostatke sverhnovoi MF 16
  • O termodinamicheskom opisanii samogravitiruyushih sistem
  • Psevdo-n'yutonovskii potencial dlya relyativistskogo akkrecionnogo diska vokrug vrashayushegosya central'nogo ob'ekta s tverdoi poverhnost'yu
  • Fluktuiruyushee prostranstvo-vremya vedet v nestabil'nomu miru
  • Novyi katalog sostava MZS v normal'nyh galaktikah
  • Rasseyanie optiki, ul'trafioleta i rentgena na mezhzvezdnoi pyli
  • HST/STIS spektroskopiya 3 kandidatov v yavleniya prilivnogo razusheniya
  • Inducirovannoe obrazovanie pervichnyh malomassivnyh zvezd
  • Akkreciya v molodyh zvezdnyh/subzvezdnyh ob'ektah
  • Shirokaya absorbcionnaya detal' v rentgenovskom spektre odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy RBS1223 (1RXS J130848.6+212708)
  • Novye predely na bol'shie dopolnitel'nye izmereniya po neitronnym zvezdam i sverhnovym
  • Poisk kompan'onov galakticheskih sverhnovyh tipa Ia
  • Fizicheskie processy v sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah neitronnyh zvezd
  • Pervye nelineinye struktury i istoriya reionozacii Vselennoi
  • Global'noe reshenie dlya vyazkogo akkrecionnogo diska vokrug vrashayushihsya kompaktnyh ob'ektov: psevdo-relyativistskii podhod
  • Magnitnye i elektricheskie polya vokrug chernoi dyry v Cyg X-1
  • Chislennye metody v gravitacionnom linzirovanii
  • Bipolyarnye vzryvy sverhnovyh: nukleosintez i vliyanie na obilie elementov v ekstremal'no malometallichnyh zvezdah
  • Udarnye volny i uskorenie chastic v ostatkah Sverhnovyh: Po nablyudeniyam
  • Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v kompaktnyh zvezdah i gamma-vspleski

    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.
    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.

    Sergei Popov
    Mihail Prohorov




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  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N38
    astro-ph za 1 - 11 aprelya 2003 goda: izbrannye stat'i


    Goryachie temy nedeli

    Obrazovanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v baldzhah galaktik i evolyuciya aktivnyh yader galaktik

    Za neskol'ko dnei poyavilos' mnozhestvo rabot, posvyashennyh sverhmassivnym chernym dyram i evolyucii kvazarov. Opishem ih v poryadke opublikovaniya v Arhive.

    Pervoi rabotoi byla stat'ya Freda Adamsa i dr. "Obrazovanie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v baldzhah galaktik". Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi dal'neishee razvitie modeli obrazovaniya sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry v galakticheskom centre. Model' uspeshno vosproizvodit izvestnuyu korrelyaciyu mezhdu massoi dyry i dispersiei skorostei zvezd baldzha (baldzh, grubo govorya, eto kvazisfericheskaya sostavlyayushaya galaktiki). Otmetim, chto "zatravochnaya" chernaya dyra ne sazhaetsya "rukami" v centr galaktiki, a voznikaet na samoi rannei stadii kollapsa central'noi oblasti galaktiki.

    Tak zhe zavisimost' mezhdu massoi chernoi dyry i dispersiei skorostei vosproizvoditsya v modeli Wyithe i Loeb (astro-ph/0304156). Eti avtory rassmatrivayut nekotoryi samoreguliruyushiisya mehanizm rosta massy chernoi dyry.

    Izuchayut obrazovanie chernyh dyr i v usloviyah blizkih k krupnym sharovym skopleniyam. Sm. stat'yu "Formation of Massive Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters" astro-ph/0304038.

    Blizko v vysheizlozhennomu primykaet stat'ya astro-ph/0304009-"QSO Lifetimes". V nei rech' idet o vremeni zhizni kvazara (t.e. o dlitel'nosti sverhaktivnoi stadii galakticheskogo yadra). Sovremennye ocenki govoryat, chto etot epizod dlitsya ot 1 do 100 millionov let. Odnako, tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo (nachnem s togo, chto my ne znaem tochno, kak obrazuyutsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry, potomu sm. vyshe).

    Toi zhe teme - evolyucii kvazarov - posvyashen i nebol'shoi obzor Patrika Ozmera (astro-ph/0304150). V nem, v chastnosti, udeleno otdel'noe vnimanie rannim rabotam po nablyudeniyam i teorii kvazarov i aktivnyh galaktik.

    Bolee podrobnyi obzor Zoltana Haimana, Luki Chiotti i klassika astrofiziki Dzheremi Ostraikera (astro-ph/0304129) rassmatrivaet vopros o tom, chto mozhno skazat' o populyacii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr, nablyudaya za evolyuciki kvazarov.

    Vzaimosvyazi sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i sfericheskoi komponenty hozyaiskih galaktik kvazarov posvyashen obzor Dzheimsa Danlopa ( astro-ph/0304168). Tam rech' v osnovnom idet o spektral'nyh nablyudeniyah na Kosmicheskom teleskope, kotorye pozvolyayut dat' nezavisimoe opredelenie massy chernoi dyry. Krome togo opisyvaetsya kak bukval'no po neskol'kim ul'trafioletovym liniyam mozhno poluchit' neplohuyu ocenku massy chernoi dyry. Po mneniyu avtora sochetanie takih nablyudenii s glubokimi infrakrasnymi nablyudeniyami na sovremennyh teleskopah pozvolyaet sushestvenno prodvinut'sya v ponimanii evolyucii sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i galaktik.

    M. Umemura v svoei stat'e "Rost sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr i obrazovanie kvazarov" predlagaet novyi mehanizm formirovaniya i evolyucionnyi scenarii dlya simbioza dyra-kvazar. Sut' mehanizma svoditsya k sposobu otbora uglovogo momenta u gaza, okruzhayushego chernuyu dyru. Zdes' klyuchevuyu rol' igraet izluchenie zvezd baldzha (otsyuda i korrelyaciya mezhdu massoi dyry i parametrami sfericheskoi sostavlyayushei). Sut' evolyucionnogo scenariya svoditsya k tomu, chto do stadii kvazara dolzhna byt' stadiya yarkogo baldzha.

    Ital'yanskie astrofiziki iz Komo i Padui davno i uspeshno nablyudayut aktivnye yadra v rentgenovskom diapazone (mnogo dannyh bylo polucheno na sputnike BeppoSAX). V rabote "Hozyaiskie galaktiki i massy chernyh dyr radiotihih aktivnyh yader vysokoi i nizkoi svetimosti" opisyvaetsya vyborka ob'ektov, dlya kotoryh est' dannye Kosmicheskogo teleskopa. Na osnove ocenok massy chernoi dyry po dannym opticheskih nablyudenii delaetsya vyvod ob ochen' raznoi svetimosti (v dolyah eddingtonovskoi) v lacertidah i radiotihih kvazarah.


    Issledovaniya centra nashei Galaktiki

    V svyazi s novymi dannymi nablyudenii uchenyh vse bol'she volnuet vopros "Chto proishodit v centre Galaktiki?" Za proshedshie dni krome bol'shogo chisla rabot po sverhmassivnym chernym dyram v drugih galaktikah poyavilas' seriya ochen' raznyh statei, posvyashennyh central'noi oblasti nashego Mlechnogo Puti. Takzhe rasskazhem o rabotah v poryadke ih poyavleniya v Arhive.

    Nachnem s teoreticheskoi raboty MakMillana i Zvarta "Sud'ba zvezdnogo skopleniya vblizi centra Galaktiki: analiticheskie rassuzhdeniya" (astro-ph/0304022). V dannoi rabote izuchaetsya sud'ba molodogo zvezdnogo skopleniya, padayushego na galakticheskii centr s otnositel'no nebol'shogo rasstoyaniya (neskol'ko desyatkov parsek).
    Poskol'ku avtory reshili rassmotret' problemu analiticheski, im konechno zhe prihoditsya delat' uproshayushie predpolozheniya. Odnako, eto lish' stat'ya N1. A Portegies Zwart izvesten i kak ochen' horoshii specialist po komp'yuternomu modelirovaniyu....

    Perehodim k drugim rabotam.

    Sgr A* - "nasha" sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra. Tochnee, eto oboznachenie istochnika v centre nashei Galaktiki, kotoryi neposredstvenno svyazan s chernoi dyroi.

    Poslednie 10 let gruppa nemeckih uchenyh poluchaet vse bolee i bolee tochnye dannye po dvizheniyu zvezd vokrug centra Galaktiki. Stat'ya "Polozhenie, dvizhenie i massa Sgr A*" - eto ih ocherednoi "otchet o prodelannoi rabote".

    Otnositel'no nedavno oni nachali ispol'zovat' novuyu apparaturu, rabotayushuyu v infrakrasnom diapazone, chto pozvolilo sushestvenno povysit' tochnost' nablyudenii. V dannoi rabote oni dayut nizhnii predel na massu chernoi dyry 4 105 solnechnyh mass. Voobshe seichas nailuchshie ocenki massy dayut poryadka 2 106 mass Solnca. No, uchityvaya specifichnost' astronomii, tochnyi nizhnii predel konechno zhe ne budet lishnim... (Sm. takzhe stat'yu etoi gruppy o central'nom zvezdnom skoplenii nashei Galaktiki - astro-ph/0304197).

    Kratko rasskazhem eshe o neskol'kih stat'yah.

    Centr Galaktiki seichas ochen' aktivno issleduetsya kak eksperimentatorami, tak i teoretikami. Sm., naprimer, stat'yu Quataert "Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flow Models of Sgr A*" (astro-ph/0304099), posvyashennuyu vazhnomu voprosu o nizkoi effektivnosti akkrecii na nashu sverhmassivnuyu chernuyu dyru (tut zhe i drugaya stat'ya Quataert v soavtorstve s Feng Yuan, gde avtory takzhe izuchayut vopros o nizkoi effektivnosti akkrecii). V sleduyushei teoreticheskoi stat'e "X-ray flares from Sgr A*: star-disk interactions?" (astro-ph/0304126) razbiraetsya problema rentgenovskih vspyshek ot Sgr A*. Ne otstayut i eksperimentatory: Lu, Wang, Lang "The Chandra Detection of Galactic Center X-ray Features G359.89-0.08 and G359.54+0.18" (astro-ph/0304101). Zdes' opisyvaetsya otkrytie dvuh lyubopytnyh rentgenovskih istochnikov v neposredstvennoi blizi ot SgrA*.

    29 marta vspyhnul gamma-vsplesk s ochen' yarkim opticheskim poslesvecheniem. O nem pisali prakticheski vse novostnye saity (sm. novosti na Astronete, Membrane, Pereplete).
    Kratko ukazhem, chto novogo uznali.

    Za proshedshee vremya v arhivah uspelo poyavit'sya tri stat'i:
    "Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329"
    Optical Limits on Precursor Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with Known Redshift
    The Supernova associated with GRB 030329.

    Pervaya stat'ya posvyashena sverhnovoi (tochnee skazhem tak "ob'ektu, pohozhemu na sverhnovuyu"), associiruemoi s gamma-vspleskom.

    Vo vtoroi rabote rech' idet o predelah na opticheskii prekursor. Prekursor - eto predvestnik osnovnogo vspleska. Tak vot u GRB 030329 do vspleska v optike nichego ne vidno, i eto samyi zhestkii predel na segodnyashnii den'. Takie dannye stavyat zhestkie ogranicheniya na modeli.

    Tret'ya rabota napisana teoretikami razvivayushimi svoyu model' vzryva - model' pushechnogo yadra (Cannonball). Razumeetsya, poyavlenie stat'i govorit o tom, chto v ramkah ih modeli vse horosho opisyvaetsya, no ne budem toropit'sya ...

    Na etoi nedele poyavilis' dva zamechatel'nyh obzora:

    Kosmologiya po Sverhnovym, gde opisyvaetsya "eksperimental'noe issledovanie" kosmologicheskogo ustroistva nashei vselennoi s pomosh'yu Sverhnovyh tipa Ia na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.

    I podrobnyi obzor opticheskih krivyh bleska sverhnovyh raznyh tipov B.Leibundgut astro-ph/0304112.

    Poslednyaya tema ochen' aktual'ny v tekushem godu v svyazi s "uchastivshimsya" vydeleniem krivyh bleska sverhnovyh iz opticheskih poslesvechenii gamma-vspleskov. Iz-za etogo dannaya tema nedeli peresekaetsya s predydushei.


    Referaty otdel'nyh statei

    astro-ph/0304006 O skorosti gravitacii i v/c popravki k zaderzhke Shapiro (On the Speed of Gravity and the v/c Corrections to the Shapiro Time Delay)
    Authors: Stuart Samuel (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
    Commets: 8 pages, LaTeX (or Latex, etc), one figure

    Eshe odna stat'ya o skorosti rasprostraneniya gravitacii, porozhdennaya eksperimentom Kopeikina i Famalona, izmeryavshih prohozhdenie Yupitera vblizi kvazara J0842+1845. Pohozhe, chto avtor stat'i ran'she podderzhival vyvody, sdelannye organizatorami izmerenii, a teper' pereshel v lager' ih protivnikov.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0304020 Rentgen ot skoplenii galaktik (X-rays from Clusters of Galaxies)
    Authors: A.C. Fabian and S.W. Allen (Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK)
    Commets: 12 pages, 10 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XXI Texas Symposium

    Obzor rassmatrivaet sleduyushie voprosy: skopleniya galaktik kak pribory dlya kosmologicheskii izmerenii, izmerenie doli gaza s vysokoi tochnost'yu, izmerenie Omega_m, vozmozhnost' (v budushem) izmerit' Omega_Lambda.



    astro-ph/0304024 Chandra otkryvaet rentgenovskuyu dvoinuyu s chernoi dyroi v ul'trayarkom ostatke sverhnovoi MF 16 (Chandra reveals a black-hole X-ray binary within the ultraluminous supernova remnant MF 16)
    Authors: T.P. Roberts, E.J.M. Colbert
    Commets: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

    Sverhmoshnye istochniki, o kotoryh my ne raz pisali, poluchili svoe imya za vysokie svetimosti (t.e. vysokuyu moshnost'), dostigayushie 1039 erg/s i vyshe. Po vsei vidimosti, bol'shaya chast' iz nih eto akkreciruyushie chernye dyry. Est', mezhdu tem, neskol'ko podobnyi istochnikov, yavlyayushihsya molodymi ostatkami sverhnovyh. I chto by vy dumali??? V odnom iz takih ostatkov po vsei vidimosti otkryli akkreciruyushuyu chernuyu dyru!

    K takomu vyvodu avtory prishli na osnovanii treh faktov:
    1. Chandra ne mozhet "razreshit'" istochnik, t.e. on vyglyadit tochechnym (a galaktika NGC 6946, gde nahoditsya ostatok MF 16, ne takaya uzh i dalekaya).
    2. Spektr istochnika pohozh na spektry kandidatov v chernye dyry.
    I samoe glavnoe - 3. Obnaruzhena peremennost', kotoraya horosho ob'yasnyaetsya v modeli tesnoi dvoinoi, no nikak ne podhodit dlya ostatka sverhnovoi.

    Pri etom ostatok sam po sebe bezuslovno imeet mesto. Opticheskie nablyudeniya ne ostavlyayut v etom nikakih somnenii i dazhe dayut ocenku vozrasta - okolo 3500 let (radius okolo 100 svetovyh let). Odnako, vse-taki neyasno vidim li my imenno ostatok sverhnovoi, ili zhe eto tumannost', porozhdennaya vetrom massivnoi zvezdy.

    Otkrytie ochen' interesnoe, i yasno, chto etot istochnik budet plotno izuchat'sya v dal'neishem.


    cond-mat/0303444 O termodinamicheskom opisanii samogravitiruyushih sistem. (On the thermodynamical description of selfgravitating systems. The system self-similarity perspective)
    Authors: L. Velazquez (Universidad de Pinar del Rio, Cuba) and F. Guzman (Instituto Superior de Ciencias y Tecnolog\'ia Nucleares, Cuba)
    Commets: 7 pages, 2 eps figures Subj-class: Statistical Mechanics

    U samogravitiruyushih sistem net polozheniya ravnovesiya s minimal'noi vozmozhnoi energiei, sledovatel'no, k nim nel'zya primenyat' obychnyi termodinamicheskii podhod. A ochen' hochetsya. Chto delat'? Avtory etoi (i sleduyushei cond-mat/0303492) stat'i schitayut, chto perehod k termodinamicheskomu predelu vozmozhen. Dlya etogo nado ustremit' chislo chastic N v sisteme k beskonechnosti sohranyaya velichiny E/N7/3 i EN1/3 postoyannymi (zdes' E - energiya sistemy, a L - ee uglovoi moment).


    astro-ph/0304045 Psevdo-n'yutonovskii potencial dlya relyativistskogo akkrecionnogo diska vokrug vrashayushegosya central'nogo ob'ekta s tverdoi poverhnost'yu (Pseudo-Newtonion potential for the relativistic accretion disk around rotating central objects having hard surface)
    Author: Shubhrangshu Ghosh
    Commets: 8 pages, aa.cls style; Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)

    Gravitacionnoe pole vokrug bystro vrashayusheisya neitronnoi ili strannoi zvezdy imeet bolee slozhnyi vid, dazhe chem pole Kerrovskoi chernoi dyry. Teper' mozhno ne reshat' uravneniya Einshteina, a vospol'zovat'sya formulami, vyvedennymi avtorom dannoi stat'i, kotorye pravil'no uchityvayut vse fizicheskie effekty. Esli, konechno, vas udovletvoryaet 10% tochnost'.


    astro-ph/0304050 Fluktuiruyushee prostranstvo-vremya vedet v nestabil'nomu miru (A fluctuating space-time produces an unstable world)
    Authors: R. Aloisio et al.
    Commets: 12 pages, no figures

    Effekty kvantovoi gravitacii privodyat K sushestvovaniyu t.n. "prostranstvenno-vremennoi peny". Dovol'no davno raznye issledovateli pytalis' ponyat', k kakim nablyudatel'nym effektam eto mozhet privodit'. V dannoi rabote avtory delayut novyi shag.

    Vo-pervyh, takie effekty mogut privodit' k narusheniyu lorenc-invariantnosti (sm. astro-ph/0304100), chto mozhet proyavlyat'sya v rasprostranenii kosmicheskih luchei i fotonov (osobenno fotonov vysokih energii, sm. interesnuyu stat'yu Blanka i dr.). Vo-vtoryh, mogut stat' vozmozhnymi reakcii, kotorye zapresheny zakonami sohraneniya! Imenno eta vozmozhnost' i obsuzhdaetsya avtorami.

    Oni prihodyat k vyvodu, chto sravnenie naibolee populyarnyh teorii s nablyudeniyami okazyvaetsya ne v pol'zu pervyh. Nablyudatel'nye dannye govoryat, chto chasto ispol'zuemye predpolozheniya o svoistvah "peny" protivorechat rezul'tatam nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii. Za schet kvantovyh fluktuacii chasticy priobretayut effektivnuyu massu, i togda mogut idti reakcii, privodyashie k rozhdeniyu novyh chastic i potere energii, chto ne nablyudaetsya. Kak pishut avtory, "nash mir bolee gladkii, chem eto prinyato schitat'".


    astro-ph/0304054 Novyi katalog sostava MZS v normal'nyh galaktikah (A new catalogue of ISM content of normal galaxies)
    Authors: D. Bettoni et al.
    Commets: 12 pages. 4 figures, 6 tables - A&A accepted

    Sostavlen katalog po sostavu gaza v 1916 normal'nyh galaktikah. Konechno, uzuchenie kataloga dlya nespecialista zanyatie skuchnoe. Odnako obsuzhdenie (razdel 4), zanimayushee chut' bolee odnoi zhurnal'noi stranicy, soderzhit mnozhestvo primechatel'nyh faktov, kotorye mogut nebezinteresny tem, kto na ser'eznom urovne sledit za sovremennoi astrofizikoi v raznyh ee proyavleniyah.


    obzor astro-ph/0304060 Rasseyanie optiki, ul'trafioleta i rentgena na mezhzvezdnoi pyli (Optical, UV, and X-Ray Scattering by Interstellar Dust Grains)
    Authors: B.T. Draine
    Commets: submitted to ApJ. 36 pages, 18 figures, Latex

    Bol'shoi i podrobnyi obzor rasseyanie i poglosheniya opticheskogo, ul'trafioletovogo i rentgenovskogo izlucheniya na mezhzvezdnoi pyli.


    astro-ph/0304063 HST/STIS spektroskopiya 3 kandidatov v yavleniya prilivnogo razusheniya (Follow-Up HST/STIS Spectroscopy of Three Candidate Tidal Disruption Events)
    Authors: S.Gezari et al/
    Commets: 25 pages,3 tables,8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

    Neskol'ko moshnyh rentgenovskih vspyshek byli zaregistrirovany v galaktikah v hode obzora ROSAT vsego neba. Nikakih priznakov Seifertovskoi aktivnosti v etih galaktikah ne bylo obnaruzheno. Byla vyskazana gipoteza, to nablyudalis' sobytiya prilivnogo razrusheniya zvezd sverhmassivnymi central'nymi chernymi dyrami etih galaktik, tam bolee eto pozvolyaet ob'yasnit' parametry nablyudavshihsya vspyshek. Avtory proveli bolee detal'noe spektroskopicheskoe issledovanie ukazannogo spiska galaktik, ih rezul'taty prakticheski polnost'yu zakryvayut osnovnuyu al'ternativu - sobstvennuyu aktivnost' yader etih galaktik.


    astro-ph/0304074 Inducirovannoe obrazovanie pervichnyh malomassivnyh zvezd (Induced Formation of Primordial Low-Mass Stars)
    Authors: R. Salvaterra, A. Ferrara, R. Schneider
    Commets: 5 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS submitted

    Otkuda mogli vzyat'sya malomassivnye zvezdy pervogo pokoleniya, esli spektr mass etih ob'ektov byl ochen' sil'no sdvinut v oblast' bol'shih mass? Oni mogli obrazovat'sya pri fragmentacii gazovyh obolochek ostatkov sverhnovyh pervogo pokoleniya! (Lichno mne eta ideya ochen' nravitsya.)


    astro-ph/0304078 Akkreciya v molodyh zvezdnyh/subzvezdnyh ob'ektah (Accretion in Young Stellar/Substellar Objects)
    Authors: James Muzerolle et al.
    Commets: 38 pages, including 8 figures and 6 tables, accepted by ApJ

    Mnogie (esli ne vse) pomnyat navernoe otlichnye knizhki V.G. Surdina i S.A. Lamzina "Protozvezdy" i "Obrazovanie zvezd" (kto ne chital - sovetuyu). Esli vy eti knizhki chitali, i vopros "kak obrazuyutsya zvezdy?" vas ne ostavil, to eta stat'ya dlya vas!

    Avtory issleduyut 45 molodyh malomassivnyh zvezd. Hotya eto original'naya rabota, a ne obzor, razobrat'sya v nei vpolne mozhno, esli vy prochli lyubuyu iz vysheukazannyh populyarnyh knizhek (nu i esli vy znaete angliiskii).

    Ob okolozvezdnyh diskah na stadii formirovaniya mozhno takzhe prochest' svezhii obzor Antonelly Matty "Circumstellar Disks in pre-Main Sequence Stars".


    astro-ph/0304088 Shirokaya absorbcionnaya detal' v rentgenovskom spektre odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy RBS1223 (1RXS J130848.6+212708) (A broad absorption feature in the X-ray spectrum of the isolated neutron star RBS1223 (1RXS J130848.6+212708))
    Authors: F. Haberl et al.
    Commets: 6 pages, LaTex, accepted A&A Letters

    Kak my uzhe mnogo raz pisali, HMM-N'yuton obladaet potryasayushimi spektral'nymi vozmozhnostyami. Vot eshe odno tomu podtverzhdenie.

    Nablyudeniya odinochnoi neitronnoi zvezdy RBS1223 (odnoi iz "velikolepnoi semerki") pokazali nalichie interesnoi spektral'noi detali. Delo v tom, chto hotya vsem ochevidno, chto velikolepnaya semerka- eto sem' odinochnyh neitronnyh zvezd, ih priroda ostaetsya vo mnogom neyasnoi. Slishkom malo informacii. Naprimer, my ne znaem, kakie u nih magnitnye polya. Dannaya zhe detal' v spektre mozhet byt' interpretirovana kak protonnaya ciklotronnaya liniya, sootvetstvuyushaya polyu (2-6) 1013 Gs. Krome togo, detal'nye spektry mogut pomoch' luchshe ponyat' svoistva atmosfery etoi neitronnoi zvezdy, chto kritichno dlya ponimaniya ee prirody.


    hep-ph/0304029 Novye predely na bol'shie dopolnitel'nye izmereniya po neitronnym zvezdam i sverhnovym (Supernova and neutron-star limits on large extra dimensions reexamined)
    Authors: S.Hannestad, G.G.Raffelt
    Commets: 10 pages, revtex4 format

    Vvedenie dopolnitel'nyh prostranstvennyh izmerenii, stol' populyarnoe v sovremennoi fizike, estestvenno vliyaet na mnogie processy. V tom chisle i na vzryvy sverhnovyh. Sut' v tom, chto sverhnovaya mozhet izluchat' chast' svoei energii v vide chastic, kotorye mogut zhit' i v drugih izmereniyah - KK-gravitonov (KK-Kaluca-Klein). Nablyudeniya neitrinnogo signala ot SN1987A daet sil'nye ogranicheniya na takoe izluchenie (my znaem polnuyu energiyu vzryva, znaem skol'ko poshlo v neitrino i t.d., znachit, mozhem ogranichit' "nevidimuyu" chast' energopoter').

    Krome togo, dazhe cherez znachitel'noe vremya posle vzryva obrazovavshayasya neitronnaya zvezda dolzhna by izluchat' zhestkie fotony iz-za nahodyashihsya v nei KK-gravitonov. Pribory EGRET ne vidyat takoi osobennosti. Tak chto my opyat' zhe mozhem ogranichit' dopolnitel'nye razmernosti.

    V etoi stat'e avtory bolee detal'no, chem eto bylo sdelano ran'she, rasmmatrivayut podobnye predely v zavisimosti ot chisla i parametrov dopolnitel'nyh izmerenii.


    astro-ph/0304109 Poisk kompan'onov galakticheskih sverhnovyh tipa Ia (Search for the companions of Galactic SNe Ia)
    Authors: Ruiz-Lapuente et al.
    Commets: 8 pages, 2 Postscript figures. Appeared in "From Twilight to Highlight: the Physics of Supernovae", ed. W. Hillebrandt & B. Leibundgut (Springer), pp. 140-147

    Sverhnovye Ia - eto vzryv belogo karlika v dvoinoi sisteme. T.o. "kto na pervoi baze, my znaem, a kto na vtoroi?" Chto za zvezdy postavlyali veshestvo vzorvavshemusya kompaktnomu ob'ektu? Normal'naya zvezda? Gigant? Subgigant? Drugoi belyi karlik? Mozhno popytat'sya detal'no issledovat' kakoi-nibud' podhodyashii galakticheskii ostatok sverhnovoi tipa Ia, chtoby naiti etogo zagadochnogo "mister N2". Imenno eto i prodelali avtory stat'i.

    Oni rassmatrivali dva istoricheskih ostatka ("istoricheskih" v tom smysle, chto vspyshki sverhnovyh zafiksirovany v staryh zapisyah) SN 1572 i SN 1006. Provodilsya otbor zvezd-kandidatov, kotorye obladali by bol'shimi skorostyami (eto svyazano s raspadom dvoinoi posle vzryva). Zatem issledovalis' spektry otobrannyh zvezd.

    Poka, k sozhaleniyu, est' tol'ko "podozrevaemye". Tak chto zhdem prodolzheniya detektiva o poiske zagadochnogo "mistera N2".


    miniobzor! astro-ph/0304120 Fizicheskie processy v sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah neitronnyh zvezd (Physical Processes in Strong Magnetic Fields of Neutron Stars)
    Authors: Alice K. Harding
    Commets: 11 pages, invited talk at Pulsars, AXPs and SGRs Observed with BeppoSAX and Other Observatories, Marsala, Sicily, Sept. 2002

    Ochen' horoshii i ponyatnyi obzor, vklyuchayushii v sebya kratkoe opisaniya vseh vazhnyh processov, proishodyashih v sil'nyh magnitnyh polyah neitronnyh zvezd.

    Istoriya izucheniya neitronnyh zvezd so sverhsil'nymi magnitnymi polyami nachinaetsya s 1992 g., kogda byli opublikovany raboty Usova i Dunkana, Tompsona. Poslednie i predlozhili termin "magnitar".

    V polyah vyshe 4.4 1013 Gs stanovyatsya vozmozhnymi mnogie ekzoticheskie processy (naprimer, raspad fotona na dva - t.n. photon spliting). I eto nablyudaetsya! My znaem neitronnye zvezdy s polyami do 1015 Gs.

    Dlya teh, kto hochet bol'she uznat' o vsei etoi interesnoi fizike, kak raz podhodit dannyi korotkii obzor.


    obzor! astro-ph/0304131 Pervye nelineinye struktury i istoriya reionozacii Vselennoi (The First Nonlinear Structures and the Reionization History of the Universe)
    Authors: Zoltan Haiman
    Commets: 19 pages, 2 figures. Invited review to appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press). Includes Appendix with summary of WMAP implications for reionization

    Kak mne kazhetsya, v "russkoyazychnoi" populyarnoi literature nedostatochno osveshen vopros o sovremennom vzglyade na formirovanie pervyh struktur vo Vselennoi. Prichina dovol'no prosta: populyarnaya literatura sushestvuet na polulyubitel'ksom urovne, i sredi etih polulyubitelei net lyudei, zanimayushihsya etim voprosom (a vot, naprimer, zvezdoobrazovanie, neitronnye zvezdy, dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski kak raz ochen' horosho opisany)

    V poslednie gody poyavlyaetsya bol'shoe kolichestvo novyh dannyh po t.n. "mrachnym vremenam" (dark ages) - epohe formirovaniya pervyh zvezd i galaktik. Eto odna iz samyh goryachih tem. Ob etom i obzor.

    Tam malo formul i mnogo dannyh nablyudenii. Edichnstvennoe, chto mozhet meshat' chteniyu - terminologiya. No tut nichego ne podelaesh'. Tak chto, esli vy hotite zapolnit' probel v svoem obrazovanii - to vot podhodyashii moment.


    astro-ph/0304157 Global'noe reshenie dlya vyazkogo akkrecionnogo diska vokrug vrashayushihsya kompaktnyh ob'ektov: psevdo-relyativistskii podhod (Global solution of viscous accretion disk around rotating compact objects: a pseudo-general-relativistic study)
    Author: Banibrata Mukhopadhyay and Shubhrangshu Ghosh
    Commets: 25 pages including 5 figures; to appear in MNRAS

    Reshat' zadachi akkrecii neposredstvenno v ramkah OTO dostatochno tyazhelo. Poetomu vmesto iskrivlennogo prostranstva mozhno popytat'sya vvesti psevdo-N'yutonovskii potencial v kotorom dvizhenie chastic opisyvaetsya pravil'no. Eto udaetsya sdelat' dlya Shvarcshil'dovskogo gravitacionnogo polya, kotoroe sushestvuet vokrug nevrashayushihsya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Dlya vrashayushihsya ob'ektov oboitis' odnim potencialom ne udaetsya. Avtory podrobno rassmatrivayut kak edinym obrazom mozhno vvesti takie potencialy i v kakih sluchayah dannyh podhod rabotaet. Eta stat'ya dopolnyaet vyshedshuyu v proshlom mesyace:


    astro-ph/0304158 Magnitnye i elektricheskie polya vokrug chernoi dyry v Cyg X-1 (Magnetic and Electric Fields around the Black Hole in Cyg X-1)
    Authors: Yu.N. Gnedin et al.
    Commets: 10 pages, 1 figure

    Interesnaya rabota rossiiskih astrofizikov. S pomosh'yu polyarimetrii udalos' pomerit' polya na vnutrennem krayu akkrecionnogo diska vokrug chernoi dyry v Lebede H-1. Nablyudeniya provodilis' na neskol'kih instrumentah, v tom chisle i na 6-metrovom teleskope v SAO. Magnitnoe pole okazalos' ravnym 10 8 Gs.


    lekciya astro-ph/0304162 Chislennye metody v gravitacionnom linzirovanii (Numerical Methods in Gravitational Lensing)
    Authors: Matthias Bartelmann
    Commets: gravitational lensing winter school, Aussois, la vieille Europe, 2003

    Gravlinzirovanie seichas yavlyaetsya odnoi iz samyh aktual'nyh tem, t.k. slishkom mnogo vokrug nas vsego nevidimogo, chto proyavlyaet sebya tol'ko gravitacionno. Eto i temnoe veshestvo v kosmologii, i korichnevye karliki v galo galaktiki i mnogoe-mnogoe drugoe (naprimer, my seichas rabotaem s kollegami iz Anglii nad raschetami astrometricheskogo gravlinzirovaniya na neitronnyh zvezdah - starye neitronnye zvezdy tozhe ob'ekty prakticheski nevidimye!).

    V rabotah po linzirovaniyu chasto prihoditsya stalkivat'sya s chislennymi raschetami. Sobstvenno, ob etom i lekciya. Avtor rassmatrivaet tri osnovnyh tipa zadach: nahozhdenie izobrazhenii istochnika i klassifikaciya izobrazhenii, rasprostranenie sveta pri kosmologicheskom linzirovanii, vosstanovlenie raspredeleniya massy.

    Bezuslovno, sama rabota dovol'no special'naya, no zato mnogie veshi dovol'no podrobno "razzhevany".


    astro-ph/0304172 Bipolyarnye vzryvy sverhnovyh: nukleosintez i vliyanie na obilie elementov v ekstremal'no malometallichnyh zvezdah (Bipolar Supernova Explosions: Nucleosynthesis & Implication on Abundances in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars)
    Authors: K. Maeda, K. Nomoto
    Commets: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. 52 pages including 17 figs and 9 tables

    Bol'shaya detal'naya original'naya rabota. Upominaem ee potomu, chto bipolyarnye sverhnovye ne na sluhu u nespecialistov, a potomu rabota mozhet predstavlyat' shirokii interes (imeetsya v vidu po-krainei mere vvedenie/zaklyuchenie).


    astro-ph/0304176 Udarnye volny i uskorenie chastic v ostatkah Sverhnovyh: Po nablyudeniyam (Shocks and Particle Acceleration in Supernova Remnants: Observational Features)
    Authors: Jacco Vink (Columbia University, Chandra fellow)
    Commets: 13 pages, 7 figures. Invited review to appear in "High Energy Studies of Supernova Remnants and Neutron Stars" (COSPAR 2002), Eds. W. Hermsen, W. Becker, Advances in Space Research, in press

    Za poslednie 10 let my uznali snogo novogo o processah proishodyashih v ostatkah sverhnovyh, v chastnosti o sil'nyh udarnyh volnyh v nih. Etot progress svyazan s zapuskom celogo ryada kosmicheskih gamma i rentgenovskih observatorii. Naprimer, stalo yasno, chto obolochechnye ostatki (shells) podobnye ostatku Sverznovoi 1006 goda, izluchayut v osnovnom sinhrotronnym obrazom, za schet elektronov s energiyami do 100 TeV. Eto vsego lish' na poryadok men'she, chem energiya 3.1015 eV na kotoroi nablyudaetsya izlom naklona spektra kommicheskih luchei. Odni iz vyvodov: ostatki sverhnovyh - "yasli" dlya uskoreniya chastic ne samyh vysokih energii.


    nucl-th/0304026 Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v kompaktnyh zvezdah i gamma-vspleski (Color Superconductivity in Compact Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts)
    Authors: A. Drago et al.
    Commets: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

    Seichas strannymi zvezdami uzhe nikogo ne udivish'. Da i gamma-vspleskami tozhe. No vot ih vzaimosvyaz'yu ....

    V principe ideya ne nova: pri t.n. dekonfainmente (perehode v kvarkovoe sostoyanie) mozhet vydelyat'sya mnogo energii, ochen' mnogo. Nastol'ko mnogo, chto etogo hvatit na gamma-vsplesk. V dannoi stat'e avtory podrobno rassmatrivayut effekty t.n. cvetnoi sverhprovodimosti (color superconductivity). Krome togo, oni pytayutsya byt' blizhe k real'nosti, sravnivaya svoi raschety s real'nymi nablyudatel'nymi dannymi. Vrode by u nih vse poluchaetsya ...


    astro-ph/0304174 Pervyi subzvezdnyi subkarlik? Otkrytie L-karlika s nizkim soderzhaniem metallov i kinematicheskimi parametrami, harakternymi dlya galo (The First Substellar Subdwarf? Discovery of a Metal-poor L Dwarf with Halo Kinematics)
    Authors: Adam J. Burgasser et al.
    Commets: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ

    Nazvanie "samoob'yasnyayushee", no poyasnim terminy i vazhnost' otkrytiya. "Subzvezdnyi" oznachaet massu nizhe predela zagoryaniya vodoroda (predel zavisit ot himsostava, dlya dannogo ob'ekta poluchena ocenka massy 0.077 massy Solnca). "Subkarlik" - oznachaet karlik s nizkim soderzhaniem metallov, a eto znachit - ochen' staryi ob'ekt (na diagramme Gercshprunga-Rassela posledovatel'nost' subkarlikov idet pod glavnoi posledovatel'nost'yu, na risunke vnizu oboznacheno VI). Esli vse rezul'taty v rabote verny, to ona govorit o tom, chto obrazovanie odinochnyh ob'ektov nizhe predela zagoraniya vodoroda shlo v Galaktike uzhe ochen' i ochen' davno. Eto vazhno dlya ponimaniya nachal'noi funkcii mass zvezd, da i dlya vsei kartiny evolyucii Galaktiki eto ochen' vazhno.

    astro-ph/0304192 Poisk drobnyh zaryadov v kosmicheskih luchah na Ams (Search for Fractional Charges in Cosmic Rays with Ams)
    Authors: Cristina Sbarra et al.
    Commets: 6 pages, 7 figures, Contributed Paper presented at the 18th European Cosmic Rays Symposium, Moscow, 2002

    Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty obrabotki dannyh po poisku drobnyh zaryadov vo vremya missii AMS-01 v iyune 1998 g. Konechno zhe, est' tol'ko verhnii predel ....



    My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

    physics/0304036 Random Walk with Shrinking Steps
    Authors: L. Krapivsky, S. Redner
    Commets: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. For submission to American Journal of Physics

    Pedagogicheskoe obsuzhdenie processa sluchainyh bluzhdanii. Stat'ya mozhet byt' polezna prepodavatelyam, a takzhe studentam.


    physics/0304040 Students' Understanding of Direct Current Resistive Electrical Circuits
    Authors: Paula V. Engelhardt, Robert J. Beichner
    Commets: This article has been accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics - Physics Education Research Supplement.

    Bezuslovno uroki, lekcii i t.d. dolzhny byt' interesnymi dlya studentov. Vse dolzhno byt' krasivo, zahvatyvayushe. No taki glavnoe, chtoby studenty chto-to znali, chtoby u nih chto-to ostavalos' v golovah posle zanyatii, i chtoby eto "chto-to" bylo ne kashei, a pravil'noi kartinoi. Vot s etim chasto problemy.

    V stat'e avtory opisyvayut issledovanie, cel'yu kotorogo bylo vyyasnit', chto studenty znayut pro elektricheskii tok, posle togo kak eto im bylo rasskazano. Kak i sledovalo ozhidat', ne vse vse ponimayut pravil'no. Znachit, nado chto-to menyat' v metodike prepodavaniya.


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