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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Kosmologiya

Vypusk 202. 17-31 dekabrya 2008

diskussiya arxiv:0812.3266 Korotkii otvet kritikam nashei stat'i "Esppur si espande" (A short answer to critics of our article "Esppur si espande")
Authors: Marek Abramowicz et al.
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to Acta Astronomica

Na moi vzglyad, lyubopytnoe prodozhenie diskussii ob interpretacii kosmologicheskogo krasnogo smesheniya, razbeganiya galaktik i tp.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 201. 01-16 dekabrya 2008

arxiv:0812.1150 Rezul'taty pervogo nauchnogo seansa na detektore ZEPLIN-III po poisku temnogo veshestva (Results from the first science run of the ZEPLIN-III dark matter search experiment)
Authors: V.N. Lebedenko et al.
Comments: 12 pages

Samyi novyi iz sushestvuyushih eksperimentov po laboratornomu poisku temnogo veshestva opublikoval pervye verhnie predely.

Britanskii eksperiment ZEPLIN-III idet v podzemnoi laboratorii Bulbi (Boulby) na glubine 1100 metrov. Rabochim telom yavlyaetsya zhidkii ksenon (12 kilogramm).

Razumeetsya, predely budut uluchshat'sya. I, kto znaet, mozhet byt' chto-to i uvidyat.


item obzor arxiv:0812.1448 Proishozhdenie i priroda pyli v rannei vselennoi (Origin and Nature of Dust in the Early Universe).
Authors: Takaya Nozawa et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 7 figures and 1 table. Submitted to the ASP conference proceedings of "Cosmic Dust - Near and Far"

Avtorami obzora prosummirovany poslednie dostizheniya v teoreticheskom izuchenii processov formirovaniya i evolyucii pyli v pervyh sverhnovyh, rassmatrivaemyh kak naibolee veroyatnyh istochnikah pyli v rannei vselennoi. Rassmotreny rezul'taty raschetov formirovaniya pyli v sverhnovyh zvezdah Pop III i evolyucii pyli v ostatkah sverhnovyh. Proanalizirovano, pochemu na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah mezhzvezdnyi gaz harakterizuetsya ploskoi krivoi ekstinkcii.


obzor arxiv:0812.2075 Astrofizicheskie testy ob'edineniya (Astrophysical probes of unification)
Authors: Asimina Arvanitaki et al.
Comments: 81 pages, 23 figures, 7 tables

Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi tomu, kak astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya mogut proveryat' modeli velikogo ob'edineniya. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno raspadam chastic temnogo veshestva. Raspady mogut proyavlyat'sya kak v razlichnyh vidah izlucheniya (gamma-, potoki chastic kosmichskih luchei, neitrino), tak i po svoemu vozdeistviyu na soderzhanie elementov (v pervuyu ochered', rech' idet o litii). Takzhe avtory kratko obsuzhdayut, kak so vsem etim mogut byt' svyazany budushie rezul'taty s LHC.


item arxiv:0812.2856 Metally na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah: umen'shenie soderzhaniya CIV na z > 5.3 (High Redshift Metals I.: The decline of CIV at z > 5.3).
Authors: George D. Becker et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ

Poisk absorbcionnyh linii ugleroda C IV v spektrah chetyreh naibolee udalennyh kvazarov na z = 6, provedennyi s pomosh'yu teleskopa Keck/NIRSPEC v eshelle-mode, ne uvenchalsya uspehom. Nulevoi rezul'tat mozhet byt' sledstviem krupno-masshtabnyh variacii v obogashenii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na krasnyh smesheniyah 5.3 < z < 6. i potomu nuzhdaetsya v dopolnitel'noi proverke, trebuyutsya dal'neishie nablyudeniya C IV v napravlenii drugih ochen' udalennyh kvazarov. Tem ne menee, poluchennyi rezul'tat pozvolyaet nalozhit' ogranicheniya na naklon i normirovku luchevoi koncentracii trehkratno ionizovannogo ugleroda v intervale 13.0 < log N(C IV) < 15.0 i potomu imeet vazhnye kosmologicheskie prilozheniya.


!!!Vypusk 200!!!. 14-30 noyabrya 2008

arxiv:0811.3911 Opisanie koncepcii proekta CMBPol: sputnik dlya issledovaniya nashih kornei (CMBPol Mission concept study: a mission to map our origins)
Authors: Daniel Baumann et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures

Na segodnyashnii den' teoriya inflyacii s odnoi storony yavlyaetsya standartnym elementom kosmologicheskoi kartiny, a s drugoi - net nikakih pryamyh podtverzhdenii togo, chto nash mir proshel cherez stadiyu inflyacii. Po vsei vidimosti, naibolee realistichnye vozmozhnosti "uvidet'" sledy inflyacii svyazany s pervichnymi gravitacionnymi volnami. Vopros ih pryamoi registracii, skoree vsego, delo budushego. No mozhno popytat'sya uvidet' "otpechatok" ih sushestvovaniya v mikrovolnovom fone.

V ramkah proekta "Za Einshteinom" (Beyond Eistein) planiruetsya zapusk sputnika, kotoryi dolzhen budet razglyadet' V-mody polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Ih obnaruzhenie budet (po astrofizicheskim merkam) pryamym ukazaniem na inflyaciyu. Esli zhe ne uvidyat ... Eto eshe ne znachit, chto inflyacionnyi scenarii neveren. Krome togo, v kachestve "pobochnyh rezul'tatov" sputnik dast mnogo dannym, nuzhnym v kosmologii i izuchenii Galaktiki.

Sm. takzhe drugie raboty: v kotoryh razvivaetsya koncepciya CMBPol: arxiv:0811.3915, arxiv:0811.3916, arxiv:0811.3918, arxiv:0811.3919, arxiv:0811.3920.


obzor arxiv:0811.4329 Rannyaya vselennaya: inflyaciya i kosmologicheskie vozmusheniya (Early Universe: inflation and cosmological perturbations)
Authors: David Langlois
Comments: 23 pages

Bol'shoi dostatochno neprostoi obzor po inflyacii, prednaznachennyi v osnovnom dlya teh, kto vladeet apparatom vplot' do tenzorov (vklyuchitel'no) i gotov potratit' nekotoroe vremya na to, chtoby razobrat'sya s formulami. Zato vse ob'yasneno ne na pal'cah, dostatochno polno i strogo, i (v nekotorom smysle) prozrachno. Krome osnov inflyacionnyh modelei rassmotreno, kak generiruyutsya pervichnye vozmusheniya v raznyh scenariyah.


Vypusk 199. 01-13 noyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0811.1277 Kosmicheskie struny (Cosmic strings)
Authors: A. Achucarro, C.J.A.P. MArtins
Comments: 15 pages

Bol'shoi ponyatnyi obzor po kosmicheskim strunam, napisannyi dlya Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Kosmicheskie struny - eto nechto vpolne estestvennoe s tochki zreniya teoretikov, no pri etom nablyudeniya pok dayut lish' vse bolee i bolee zhestkie predely na ih sushestvovanie. Poetomu obzor v osnovnom teoreticheskii, no vpolne dostupnyi.


Vypusk 198. 20-31 oktyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0810.3022 Kosmologicheskaya inflyaciya: teoriya i nablyudeniya (Cosmological inflation: theory and observations)
Authors: Daniel Baumann, Hiranya V. Peiris
Comments: 18 pages, 12 figures, invite review to appear in Advance Science letters

Ochen' prostoi (dazhe inogda hochetsya skazat' "slishkom prostoi") i dostupnyi obzor po inflyacii.


Vypusk 196. 01-12 oktyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0810.0737 Kosmologiya iz Antarktiki (Cosmology from Antarctica)
Authors: Robert W. Wilson, Antony A. Stark
Comments: 17 pages, for publication in @Smithsonian at the Poles@, proceedings of Smithsonian IPY Conference

Na antakrticheskom plato holodno, yasno i suho. Ideal'noe mesto dlya astronomicheskih nablyudenii, osobenno esli govorit' o nazemnyh priborah dlya izucheniya mikrovolnovogo fona. V samom dele, uzhe cht' li ne desyatok eksperimentov byl osushestvlen v etoi oblasti. Eto ne tol'ko pribory, ustanovlennye na zemle, no i balonnye eksperimenty. Avtory summiruyut poluchennye rezul'taty i ispol'zovavshiesya metoda, i rasskazyvayut o novom proekte 10-metrovogo teleskopa - SPT (Soth Pole Telescope), kotoryi budet issledovat' anizotropiyu relikta na masshtabe menee 1 gradusa. Sam teleskop byl ustanovlen chut' bolee goda nazad, no polnaya realizaciya proekta potrebuet vremeni.


arxiv:0810.1522 Razlichiya i shodstva holodnyh galo temnogo veshestva (The diversity and similarity of cold dark matter halos)
Authors: Julio F. Navarro et al.
Comments: Submitted to MNRAS

Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty proekta Aquarius po modelirovaniyu obrazovaniya galaktik. Formirovanie galaktik - eto, v pervuyu ochered', formirovanie galo temnogo veshestva. V predstavlyaemyh modelyah galo sostoit iz bolee chem milliarda chastic, a v nachal'nom modelirovanii uchastvovalo bolee 4 milliardov chastic (prosto ne vse v konce scheta vhodyat v sostav galo). Obnaruzheno nebol'shoe sistematicheskoe otklonenie ot teoreticheskih profilei Navarro, Frenka i Vaita, kotorye aktivno ispol'zuyutsya v raznyh modelyah (vse troe, kstati, vhodyat v chislo avtorov obsuzhdaemoi stat'i).


Vypusk 194. 01-11 sentyabrya 2008

megaobzor arxiv:0809.0631 Pervichnyi nukleosintez: ot tochnoi kosmologii k fundamental'noi fizike (Primordial Nucleosynthesis: from precision cosmology to fundamental physics)
Authors: F. Iocco, G. Mangano, G. Miele, O. Pisanti, P.D. Serpico
Comments: 147 pages, 69 figures, submitted to Physics Reports

Vse, chto vy hoteli znat' o pervichnom nukleosinteze. Plyus obzor osnov po kosmologii. Napomnyu, chto pervichnyi nukleosintez - eto odna iz chetyreh kolonn, na kotoryh stoit sovremennaya kosmologiya.


arxiv:0809.0894 Shema dlya registracii supersimmetrichnoi temnoi materii v galo Galaktiki (A blueprint for detecting supersymmetric dark matter in the Galactic halo)
Authors: Volker Springel et al.
Comments: to appear in Nature, 23 pages, 8 figures, includes Supplementary Information

V svyazi s nachalom uspeshnoi raboty Fermi-GLAST aktivizirovalas' aktivnost', svyazannaya s raschetami registriruemosti gamma-luchei ot temnoi materii v nashei Galaktike. Poyavilos' srazu neskol'ko rabot.

Shpringel i soavtory v svoei stat'e v Nature rassmatrivayut sleduyushuyu problemu. Izvestno, chto temnoe veshestvo raspredeleno v galo neravnomerno. Vo-pervyh, est' sobstvenno galo nashei Galaktiki, vo-vtoryh v nem est' subgalo (ih chislo ochen' veliko - poryadka 100 000), v-tret'ih, i v galo i v subgalo est' struktury. Sprashivaetsya, signal ot kakih obrazovanii budet zametnee? Shpringel i soavtory reshayut etu problemu s pomosh'yu detal'nogo chislennogo modelirovaniya (bolee podrobno sm. arxiv:0809.0898).

Otvet, davaemyi v stat'e, takov. Zametnee budet signal ot osnovnogo galo. Razumeetsya, on sil'nee iz central'noi chasti Galaktiki (polovina signala ot vsego galo idet iz oblasti s radiusom primerno 2.6 kpk). Hotya subgalo summarno i dominiruyut v polnoi svetimosti (esli smotret' na nashu Galaktiku izdaleka, to osnovnoi annigilyacionnyi signal budet svyazan s subgalo), no dlya nablyudatelya na Zemle subgalo - dostatochno dalekie istochniki. Poetomu my zhdem signala v pervuyu ochered' iz central'noi chasti Mlechnogo Puti.

Eshe v odnoi stat'e (arxiv:0809.0901) takzhe s pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya issleduetsya struktura i obrazovaniya galo temnoi materii. A v arxiv:0809.0886 obsuzhdaetsya, smozhet li Fermi-GLAST obnaruzhit' sobstvennoe dvizhenie subgalo. Otvet: skoree vsego net, t.k. maloveroyatno, chto dazhe blizhaishee k nam subgalo budet dostatochno blizko dlya etogo.

Takzhe vopros o vozmozhnoi registracii temnoi materii putem nablyudeniya gamma-izlucheniya ot annigilyacii i svoistva galo obsuzhdayutsya v arxiv:0809.1523.


Vypusk 193. 15-31 avgusta 2008

dissertaciya arxiv:0808.2063 Ogranicheniya na modeli gravitacii i kosmologicheskie parametry po astrofizicheskim dannym (Constraining gravitational and cosmological parameters with astrophysical data)
Authors: Yi MAO
Comments: PhD Thesis (MIT), 199 pages, 22 figures, 22 tables

Dissertaciya posvyashena interesneishei tematike i, kak obychno, soderzhit neplohoi obzor. Krome vsyakih prochih veshei avtor rasschityvaet, kak nablyudeniya na SKA smogut pomoch' tochnee opredelyat' kosmologicheskie parametry. Na ego vzglyad, vse vyglyadit ves'ma optimistichno, esli budet vybran dizain, maksimiziruyushei vozmozhnosti SKA po nablyudeniyu neitral'nogo vodoroda na 21 sm.


Vypusk 192. 01-14 avgusta 2008

obzor arxiv:0808.0417 Voprosy v astrofizike vysokih energii (Problems in High Energy Astrophysics)
Authors: Paolo Lipari
Comments: 31 pages, Talk given at the workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice" (april 2008)

Obzor posvyashen kosmicheskim lucham (a takzhe neitrino vysokih energii), tomu, kakuyu rol' ih issledovaniya zanimayut v astrofizike, i na kakie voprosy oni mogut pomoch' naiti otvety.

Sm. takzhe obzor avtora arxiv:0808.0344.


arxiv:0808.1122 Kogda skopleniya stalkivayutsya: ogranicheniya na antiveshestvo na bol'shih masshtabah (When Clusters Collide: Constraints On Antimatter On The Largest Scales)
Authors: Gary Steigman
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure

Koroten'kaya zametka, posvyashennaya obsuzhdeniyu togo, kak rentgenovskie i gamma- nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik mogut dat' ogranicheniya na dolyu antiveshestva.

Esli otbrosit' ideyu o tom, chto antiveshestvo s samyh rannih momentov zhizni vselennoi sobrano v kakie-to ochen' kompaktnye ob'ekty, to ogranicheniya na ego soderzhanie beretsya iz nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei (nuzhno imenno zahvatyvat' chasticy, dlya etogo nuzhny sputniki tipa PAMELA) i nablyudenii gamma-luchei. Poslednie mogli by rozhdat'sya pri annigilyacii. Po gamma-izlucheniyu est' predely na dolyu antiveshestva na samyh raznyh masshtabah. Shteigman obsuzhdaet predely na masshtabah poryadka 10 Mpk - t.e. masshtabah skoplenii.

Esli dva skopleniya stalkivayutsya (kak izvestnoe Bullet cluster), to antiveshestvo dolzhno annigilirovat' s veshestvom. Sootvetstvenno, verhnii predel na gamma-izlucheniya dast ogranichenie na antiveshestvo. Avtor rassmatrivaet konkretnye primery i obsuzhdaet, kak v budushem mozhno eshe uluchshit' takie predely.


Vypusk 190. 09-21 iyulya 2008

obzor arxiv:0807.1635 Temnaya energiya: mify i real'nost' (Dark energy: myths and reality)
Authors: V.N. Lukash, V.A. Rubakov
Comments: 17 pages, 2 figres, Physics-Uspekhi 51(3) pp. 283-289 (2008)

Avtory obsuzhdayut neskol'ko vazhnyh metodicheskih aspektov, svyazannyh s temnoi materiei. Vsem rekomenduetsya k prochteniyu. Razumeetsya, est' russkaya versiya na saite UFN.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


obzor arxiv:0807.2244 Temnaya materiya i LHC: kakova svyaz'? (Dark Matter and LHC: What is the Connection?)
Authors: Gordon Kane, Scott Watson
Comments: 25 pages, 2 figures, Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A

Zakanchivayutsya raboty, predshestvuyushie zapusku Bol'shogo Adronnogo Kollaidera (LHC) v CERNe. Krome svoei osnovnoi zadachi - issledovaniya Higgsovskogo bozona - ustanovka mozhet vnesti vklad i v nashe ponmianie prirody temnoi materii. Odnako mnogie pochemu-to polagayut, chto mozhno s bol'shoi nadezhnost' ozhidat', chto LHC dast tut chto-to principial'no novoe i sushestvennoe. V obzore avtory obsuzhdayut, chto zhe sobstvenno mozhno zhdat' ot LHC (i chego nel'zya) v smysle issledovaniya svoistv temnogo veshestva.

Obzor napisan ochen' dostupno, tak chto ego mozhno smelo vsem rekomendovat'. Dlya teh zhe, kto ishet bolee detal'nuyu informaciyu, v obzore privoditsya mnogo ssylok. Sm. takzhe arxiv:0807.2601, gde idet rech' o tom, kak vozmozhnoe obnaruzhenie legkogo Higgsa na LHC povliyaet na kosmologiyu.


arxiv:0807.2926 Predel po solnechnym neitrino na aksionnuyu interpretaciyu eksperimenta DAMA (Solar neutrino limit on the axion-like interpretation of the DAMA signal)
Authors: Paolo Gondolo, Georg Raffelt
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure

Kak vse pomnyat, nedavno eksperiment DAMA snova ob'yavil o signale, kotoryi mozhet byt' rezul'tatom detektirovaniya chastic temnoi materii. Odnoi iz vozmozhnyh interpretacii mogut byt' aksionopodobnye chasticy (psevdoskalyary) s massoi okolo keVa. V dannoi stat'e avtory pokazyvayut, chto takaya interpretaciya vo-pervyh, zakryvaetsya dannymi po solnechnym neitrino, vo-vtoryh - dannymi po starym zvezdam (zvezdam v sharovyh skopleniyah i belym karlikam).


Vypusk 189. 24 iyunya - 08 iyulya 2008

arxiv:0806.4554 Kosmicheskaya antimateriya: modeli i nablyudatel'nye predely (Cosmic antimatter: models and observational bounds)
Authors: A.D. Dolgov
Comments: 30 pages, 3 figures, presented at Rencontre de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste, La Thuile, February 24 - March 1, 2008

Avtor predstavlyaet dostatochno udivitel'nuyu model', v kotoroi edva li ne vse temnoe veshestvo mozhno ob'yasnit' barionami i antibarionami.


Vypusk 188. 10-23 iyunya 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0806.1673 Itogi konferencii: izuchenie neitral'nogo vodoroda v sleduyushem desyatiletii (Conference Summary: HI Science in the Next Decade)
Authors: Martha P. Haynes
Comments: To appear in AIP Conference Proceedings, "The Evolution of Galaxies through the Neutral Hydrogen Window", Feb 1-3 2008, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, eds. R. Minchin & E. Momjian. 8 pages

V Arhive potihon'ku poyavlyayutsya stat'i, kotorye budut opublikovany v materialah konferencii po izucheniyu neitral'nogo vodoroda. Eti issledovaniya vazhny dlya ponimaniya processa formirovaniya galaktik, nekotoryh kosmologicheskih aspektov.

O proekte ALFALFA (The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) mozhno prochest' tut arxiv:0806.1670. V ego ramkah provoditsya obzor vnegalakticheskogo neitral'nogo vodoroda (razumeetsya, rech' idet o volne 21 sm). Na nastoyashii moment zakoncheno bolee poloviny nablyudatel'noi raboty i okolo chetverti raboty po obrabotke dannyh.

Ob istorii i rezul'tatah issledovaniya blizkih galaktik na volne 21 sm sm. arxiv:0806.1712. Razumeetsya, na radioteleskope v Aresibo, kotoryi seichas igraet vedushuyu rol' v issledovanii galaktik na volne 21sm, planiruyutsya novye nablyudeniya. Pro to napisano zdes' arxiv:0806.1714.


obzor arxiv:0806.3018 Pole rasshireniya: znachenie H_0 (The expansion field: The value of H_0)
Authors: G.A. Tammann, A. Sandage, B. Reindl
Comments: 44 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in the Astronony and Astrophysics Review 159

Tammann i Sendedzh - izvestneishie specialisty v oblasti opredeleniya rasstoyanii do galaktik i, sootvetstvenno, dinamiki rasshireniya vselennoi. V etoi stat'e privodyatsya dannye po 279 galaktikam na rasstoyaniyah do 2000 km/s, dlya kotoryh polucheny dostatochno tochnye nezavisimye ocenki rasstoyanii po cefeidam, sverhnovym Ia i krasnym gigantam. Dopolnitel'no obsuzhdayutsya eshe 62 bolee dalekie galaktiki (do 20 000 km/s), dlya kotoryh rasstoyaniya polucheny po sverhnovym Ia. Opredeleno znachenie postoyannoi Habbla 60-65 km/s/Mpk.


Vypusk 187. 01-09 iyunya 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0806.1065 B2HF, kosmicheskii mikrovolnovyi fon i kosmologiya (B2FH, the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmology)
Authors: G. Burbidge
Comments: 6 pages, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 2008, 25, 30-35

Dzheffri Berbidzh vspominaet o toi situaciiya, v kotoroi oni nachali rabotat' nad znamenitoi stat'ei po nukleosintezu (v proshlom godu otmechalos' ee 50-letie). Rabota B2HF (Berbidzh, Berbidzh, Fauoer, Hoil) stala vazhneishim etapom v ponimanii togo, kak sinteziruyutsya elementy vo vselennoi. Tut splelas' zvezdnaya astrofizika, kosmologiya, evolyuciya galaktik i t.d. Pri etom Berbidzh prodolzhaet zashishat' al'ternativnye modeli, chto on delate i v etoi stat'e.


Vypusk 186. 16-31 maya 2008

obzor arxiv:0805.4635 Bariony: chto, gde, kogda? (Baryons: What, When and Where?)
Authors: Jason X. Prochaska, Jason Tumlinson
Comments: Proceedings Review for "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities", ed. X. Tielens, 38 pages, 10 color figures

Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi voprosu o tom, gde nahodyatsya bariony na raznyh krasnyh smesheniyah, i kak ih mozhno nablyudat'. Istoriya nachinaetsya s epohi reionizacii, a osoboe vnimanie udeleno krasnym smesheniyam 3, 1 i 0.


Vypusk 185. 01-15 maya 2008

obzor arxiv:0805.0139 Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie i ego kosmologicheskie primeneniya (Weak Gravitational Lensing and its Cosmological Applications)
Authors: Henk Hoekstra, Bhuvnesh Jain
Comments: 33 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 58

Slaboe linzirovanie yavlyaetsya "poleznym" yavleniem, t.k. pomogaet, naprimer, vyyavlyat' raspredelenie massy v skopleniyah galaktik. T.e., ono ispol'zuetsya kosmologami kak instrument. V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor po etoi teme. Opisyvaetsya bazovaya teoriya, rasskazyvaetsya, kak provodyatsya nablyudeniya i ih obrabotka. Nakonec, obsuzhdayutsya slozhnosti, puti ih preodoleniya i budushie proekty.


arxiv:0805.0461 Atomnye raschety i poisk variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury v spektrah poglosheniya kvazarov (Atomic calculations and search for variation of the fine structure constant in quasar absorption spectra)
Authors: V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures Based on the talk at the Symposium on Atomic Physics: A Tribute to Walter Johnson, Notre Dame, 5 April 2008

Avtory dayut obzor raschetov, ispol'zuemyh dlya poiskov variacii fundamental'nyh konstant po nablyudeniyam spektrov kvazarov. Tonkost' sostoit v tom, cho odin iz avtorov (Flambaum) vhodil v gruppu, kotoraya v 2003 godu zayavila ob obnaruzhenii variacii na urovne 4-5 sigma, hotya drugie issledovateli ne podtverdili etot rezul'tat (sobstvenno, i vtoroi avtor - Dzuba - vhodit v tu zhe issledovatel'skuyu gruppu).

Sm. takzhe arxiv:0805.0462.


Vypusk 183. 01-20 aprelya 2008

obzor arxiv:0804.1500 Sostoyanie i perspektivy kosmomikrofiziki v Evrope (Status and Perspectives of Astroparticle Physics in Europe)
Authors: Christian Spiering
Comments: 16 pages, 20 figures. To be published in Astronomische Nachrichten

Astroparticle Physics (ya budu ispol'zovat' udachnyi perevod "kosmomikrofizika") zavoevala status samostoyatel'noi discipliny na styke astrofiziki, fiziki elementarnyh chastic (i uskoritel'noi, i kosmicheskih luchei) i kosmologii. Razumeetsya, chasto nevozmozhno (da i ne nuzhno) tochno opredelit' yavlyaetsya li dannaya rabota ili proekt "kosmomikrofizicheskim" ili ego luchshe nazyvat' kak-to inache. Kak by to ni bylo ? Oblast' harakterizuetsya eshe i tem, chto v nei osushestvlyayutsya ochen' dorogie proekty. Poetomu razlichnye agentstva stroyat dolgosrochnye plany. V stat'e daetsya ochen' interesnyi obzor togo, chto planiruet v etoi oblasti Evropa na blizhaishie 10 let.

Osnovnye voprosy, kotorye stavyat pered soboi v dannoi programme uchenye, takovy:

  • Chto takoe temnaya materiya?
  • Kakovo vremya zhizni protona?
  • Kakova rol' neitrino v kosmologicheskoi evolyucii?
  • Chto mozhno uznat' s pomosh'yu neitrino o vnutrennem stroenii Solnca, Zemli, a takzhe o fizike sverhnovyh?
  • Kakovo proishozhdenie kosmicheskih luchei i kakie astronomicheskie istochniki izluchayut na ochen' vysokih energiyah.
  • Chto mogut skazat' gravitacionnye volny i burnyh astrofizicheskih fenomenah i o prirode gravitacii?

    Pervym stoit vopros o prirode temnoi materii. Zdes' osnovnymi kandidatami yavlyayutsya neitralino i aksiony. Chto delaetsya? Vo-pervyh, idut laboratornye eksperimenty po pryamomu detektirovaniyu chastic temnoi materii. V etoi oblasti evropeicy, pozhalui, aktivnee drugih, i planiruetsya prodolzhat' poiski. Vo-vtoryh, est' vozmozhnost' uvidet' chasticy, yavlyayushiesya produktami raspada ili annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii, naprimer, gamma-kvanty. U evropeicev seichas letaet sputnik PAMELA, ot kotorogo mozhno ozhidat' interesnyh rezul'tatov do zapuska bolee moshnogo amerikanskogo AMS. Odnako, pohozhe, chto u PAMELA est' kakie-to trudnosti. V gamma-diapazone u evropeicev est' nebol'shoi sputnik AGILE. Planiruemyi v blizhaishie mesyacy k zapusku amerikanskii GLAST budet namnogo effektivnee. Krome togo, mozhno iskat' produkty raspada s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov, i tut s H.E.S.S. i MAGIC evropeicy vperedi planety vsei. Evropeiskie plany po postroike bol'shogo morskogo neitrinnogo detektora potihon'ku pretvoryayutsya v zhizn', no ochen' potihon'ku (ob etom sm. nizhe). Nakonec, v tret'ih, koe-chto mogut dat' uskoritel'nye eksperimenty, i zdes', konechno, vse nadezhdy na LHC.

    Chto kasaetsya temnoi energii, to tut Evropa ogranichivaetsya standartnymi astronomicheskimi proektami v oblasti nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Samym vazhnym, navernoe, v blizhaishie 10 let budet zapusk sputnika Planck (oktyabr' 2008 goda). Krome togo, planiruyutsya obzory v razlichnyh diapazonah spektra, no eto chistaya astronomiya, kotoruyu kosmomikrofizika podderzhivaet moral'no.

    Sleduyushim punktom stoit poisk raspada protona. Dlya obnaruzheniya nado stroit' podzemnye detektory tipa SuperKamiokande, tol'ko na poryadok bol'she. Poka idet prorabotka neskol'kih podhodov (mozhno perechislit' neskol'ko nazvanii proektov LENA, GLACIER, MEMPHYS, LAGUNA). Planiruetsya, chto k 2010 godu budet vybran proekt. Odnako, vse eshe mozhet sil'no zamedlit'sya. Stoimost' ustanovki budet poryadka polumilliarda evro. S takimi proektami evropeicy lyubyat tyanut', poskol'ku nuzhno mezhdunarodnaya kooperaciya, a "u vseh svoi problemy". Razumeetsya, takoi detektor budet i prekrasnym neitrinnym detektorom.

    Teper' o "lovle neitrino za borodu". Zdes' interesny ne tol'ko eksperimenty tipa morskih detektorov s ob'emom poryadka kubicheskogo kilometra. Vo-pervyh, idut popytki pomerit' massu neitrino v laboratorii po izmereniyu spektra elektronov pri beta-raspade (eksperiment KATRINA v Germanii). Vo-vtoryh, interesny issledovaniya dvoinogo bezneitrinnogo beta-raspada. Oni dolzhny dat' otvet na vopros o tom, yavlyayutsya li neitrino maioranovskimi ili dirakovskimi. Dvoinoi bezneitrinnyi beta-raspad vozmozhen tol'ko, esli neitrino maioranovskie.

    Kosmicheskie luchi. Evropa aktivneishim obrazom uchastvuet v proekte Ozhe. Cherez neskol'ko let nachnetsya montazh severnoi chasti ustanovki v SShA (yuzhnaya polnost'yu gotova i rabotaet). V severnoi chasti 45 procentov prinadlezhit Evrope. Hotya chashe govoryat o kosmicheskih luchah sverhvysokih energii, odnako i na men'shih energiyah est' eshe nemalo nereshennyh problem. Dlya ih razresheniya stroyat otdel'nye detektory. Odin iz detektorov stoit v Germanii, i on budet prodolzhat' svoyu rabotu.

    Gamma-astronomiya. Evropeicy ne sobirayutsya ostanavlivat'sya na uspehah, dostignutyh gruppami H.E.S.S. i MAGIC. Razrabatyvaetsya proekt gorazdo bolee krupnoi seti nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov. Po vsei vidimosti budet dve seti (severnaya i yuzhnaya) s neskol'ko raznymi parametrami, optimizirovannymi dlya izucheniya galakticheskih istochnikov (yug) i vnegalakticheskih (sever).

    Kraine zamanchivo nachat' registrirovat' neitrino vysokih energii. Eto vozmozhno s pomosh'yu kilometrovyh detektorov v vode ili l'du. Poka v Antakrtide idet montazh IceCube, evropeicy testiruyut v Sredizemnom more neskol'ko prototipov vodnyh detektorov. O edinom evropeiskom detektore poka idut peregovory. Rano ili pozdno on navernyaka budet postroen, no kakaya-to konkretnaya informaciya o dizaine i tp. otsutstvuet. Krome togo, obsuzhdayutsya proekty kosvennoi registracii neitrino ochen' vysokih energii po radioizlucheniyu. V kachestve rabochego tela tut mozhet vystupat', naprimer, Luna.

    Nakonec, poslednyaya tema svyazana s gravitacionnymi volnami. V Evrope rabotayut VIRGO i GEO600. Apgreid VIRGO pozvolit poluchit' pribor, kotoryi deistvitel'no smozhet imet' priemlemyi temp registracii sliyanii neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Planiruyutsya bolee krupnye ustanovki (Einstein Telescope), no yasno, chto dazhe pri optimisticheskom razvitii sobytii ih sooruzhenie ne popadaet v blizhaishie 10 let. Chto kasaetsya kosmicheskih detektorov, to tut ESA sotrudnichaet s NASA v dele sozdaniya LISA. Poka obsuzhdaetsya data zapuska 2018 god. No, skoree vsego, ona budet neskol'ko otodvinuta. V 2010 godu evropeicy dolzhny zapustit' prototip. Esli s nim vse proidet udachno, to, navernoe, poyavitsya real'nyh grafik realizacii bol'shogo osnovnogo proekta.

    Itogo. Seichas kosmomikrofizika nahoditsya na etape, kogda mozhno uspet' snyat' slivki. Pravda, trebuetsya stroit' ochen' dorogie i tehnicheski slozhnye ustanovki na zemle, pod zemlei, pod vodoi i v kosmose. V konce stat'i avtor privodit svodku proektov (i summy), kotorye budut realizovyvat'sya v blizhaishie 10 let. Pohozhe, chto Evropa ne otstaet ot SShA, ili otstaet ne sil'no. Nu na ee vtoroe mesto pokushat'sya vrode by i nekomu.

    obzor arxiv:0804.1536 Krupnomasshtabnaya struktura vselennoi: ot stepennyh zakonov do akusticheskih pikov (The Large Scale Structure in the Universe: From Power-Laws to Acoustic Peaks)
    Authors: Vicent J. Martinez
    Comments: 20 pages, 12 figures, to appear in "Data Analysis in Cosmology", Lecture Notes in Physics, 2008, eds. V. J. Martinez, E. Saar, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, and M.J. Pons-Borderia, Springer-Verlag

    Opisyvayutsya osnovnye podhody k izucheniyu statisticheskih svoistv raspredeleniya galaktik, t.e. krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Stat'ya ne yavlyaetsya legkim chtivom, krome, byt' mozhet, istoricheskogo vvedeniya.


    obzor arxiv:0804.2258 "Da budet svet!" Poyavlenie struktury posle Temnoi epohi v Rannei Vselennoi (Let there be Light: the Emergence of Structure out of the Dark Ages in the Early Universe)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 32 pages, 18 figures, an invited review for the UNESCO EOLSS Encyclopedia

    Horoshii obzor na urovne staroi dobroi "Fiziki kosmosa". V nem rasskazyvaetsya o poyavlenie pervyh ob'ektov vo vselennoi i o roste krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. No, razumeetsya, takoi rasskaz nevozmozhen bez nekotorogo kosmologicheskogo vvedeniya i rasskaza o nablyudeniyah. Vse eto v obzore nalichestvuet.


    arxiv:0804.2741 Pervye rezul'taty s DAMA/LIBRA i kombinirovannye rezul'taty s DAMA/NaI (First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI)
    Authors: R. Bernabei et al.
    Comments: 40 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables

    V laboratorii Gran Sasso idet novyi eksperiment po poisku chastic temnoi materii. Eto DAMA/LIBRA (opisanie chitaite v stat'e arxiv:0804.2738). Eto razvitie izvestnogo eksperimenta DAMA, kotoryi neskol'ko let nazad uzhe zayavlyal o tom, chto oni vidyat signal, t.k. imela mesto sezonnaya modulyaciya, kotoruyu avtory proekta ob'yasnyali izmeneniem otnositel'noi skorosti Zemli i chastic temnoi materii v processe vrasheniya nashei planety vokrug Solnca. Seichas avtory snova govoryat o polozhitel'nom rezul'tate uzhe na novoi ustanovke.

    Avtory zayavlyayut, chto na urovne vyshe 8 standartnyh otklonenii vidyat godichnuyu modulyaciyu na novoi ustanovke (s uchetom staryh rezul'tatov). Vyvod sdelan na osnove 4-letnih nablyudenii. Interpretaciya: nablyudaetsya signal ot registracii chastic temnoi materii, zapolnyayushih galo nashei Galaktiki.

    Razumeetsya, bol'shoi razdel v stat'e posvyashen vozmozhnym sistematicheskim effektam. No v lyubom sluchae, vidimo, pridetsya zhdat' nezavisimogo eksperimenta.


    Vypusk 182. 18-31 marta 2008

    miniobzor arxiv:0803.3627 Kosmologiya s chernymi dyrami (i, vozmozhno, belymi karlikami) (Cosmological Physics with Black Holes (and Possibly White Dwarfs))
    Authors: Kristen Menou, Zoltan Haiman, Bence Kocsis
    Comments: 8 pages, To appear in "Jean-Pierre Lasota, X-ray binaries, accretion disks and compact stars" New Astronomy Reviews, eds. M.A. Abramowicz and O. Straub (Elsevier, 2008)

    Avtory rassmatrivayut vopros o tom, chto novogo my mozhem uznat' blagodarya detektoru LISA s uchetom togo, chto mozhno budet tochno opredelit' iz kakoi galaktiki prishel signal (vozmozhno, chto eto mozhno budet skazat' dazhe do pika vspleska). Stat'ya prezhde vsego interesna ob'yasneniem nekotoryh vozmozhnostei i ih obsuzhdeniem. V chastnosti, mozhno budet ogranichivat' al'ternativnye teorii gravitacii, t.k. mozhn bude opredelyat' zaderzhku mezhdu prihodom fotonnogo i gravitacionnogo signalov. Krome togo, nablyudeniya na LISA dadut nezavisimuyu ocenku rasstoyaniya do galaktik po ih gravitacionno-volnovomu signalu, chto takzhe ochen' interesno.


    obzor arxiv:0803.3887 Kosmologiya i svoistva neitrino (Cosmology and Neutrino Properties)
    Authors: A.D. Dolgov
    Comments: Talk presented at the meeting of Nuclear Physics Division of Russian Academy of Sci., November, 2007, Moscow. 21 pages, 3 figures

    Horoshii obzor o roli neitrino v kosmologii i o vozmozhnosti ispol'zovat' kosmologicheskie dannye dlya ogranicheniya parametrov neitrino. Zatronuty vse vozmozhnye v dannom sluchae aspekty: ot roli neitrino v formirovanii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury do kosmologicheskih ogranichenii na chislo sortov neitrino, ot ogranichenii na massy neitrino do perspektiv obnaruzheniya fona kosmologicheskih neitrino.


    arxiv:0803.2684 Lev Landau i problema singulyarnostei v kosmologii (Lev Landau and the problem of singularities in cosmology)
    Authors: I.M. Khalatnikov, A.Yu. Kamenshchik
    Comments: 16 pages, to be published in Physics - Uspekhi

    Avtory nachinayut s togo, chto vspominayut o bol'shom interese Landau k probleme kosmologicheskoi singulyarnosti. Konechno, so vremen Landau v kosmologii proizoshla nastoyashaya revolyuciya, sootvetstvenno izmenilas' i postanovka problemy o kosmologicheskih singulyarnostyah. V konce stat'i avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye novye voprosy.


    Vypusk 181. 01-17 marta 2008 goda

    arxiv:0803.0547 Pyat' let nablyudenii na WMAP (Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation)
    Authors: E. Komatsu et al.
    Comments: 49 pages, 20 figures, submitted to ApJS

    Eta stat'ya otkryvaet seriyu rabot, posvyashennyh predstavleniyu rezul'tatov uzhe pyati let nablyudenii na sputnike WMAP. Drugie stat'i:
    arxiv:0803.0570 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)Observations: Beam Maps and Window Functions
    arxiv:0803.0577 The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Source Catalog
    arxiv:0803.0586 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP data
    arxiv:0803.0593 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Angular Power Spectra
    arxiv:0803.0715 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Galactic Foreground Emission
    arxiv:0803.0732 Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing, Sky Maps, and Basic Results

    Nikakih sensacii net. Nasha vselennaya po-prezhnemu sostoit na 4.62 procenta iz barionov, na 23.3 procenta iz temnogo veshestva, i na 72.1 - iz temnoi energii. Postoyannaya Habbla 70.1 km/s/Mpk (+/- ya vezde opustil, oni stali men'she). Spektr vozmushenii 0.96, no sovmestim s ploskim v predelah menee treh sigma.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu srazu nizhe, gde dan obzor po metodam izucheniya mikrovolnovogo fona.


    obzor arxiv:0803.0834 Kosmicheskii mikrovolnovoi fon dlya peshehodov: obzor dlya fizikov, rabotayushih v yadernoi fizike i fizike chastic (The Cosmic Microwave Background for Pedestrians: A Review for Particle and Nuclear Physicists)
    Authors: Dorothea Samtleben, Suzanne Staggs, Bruce Winstein
    Comments: 34 pages, 10 figures, published by Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 57, 2007

    Ochen' poleznyi obzor, poskol'ku v nem prosto, strogo i ponyatno ob'yasnyaetsya chto izmeryayut, izuchaya reliktovoe izluchenie, kak provoditsya obrabotka, i zachem vse eto nuzhno (t.e., kakie vazhnye parametry izvlekayutsya v itoge).


    Vypusk 180. 14-29 fevralya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0802.2005 Rasshirenie vselennoi - Standartnaya model' bol'shogo vzryva (Expansion of the Universe - Standard Big Bang Model)
    Authors: Matts Roos
    Comments: 33 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Supporting Systems (EOLSS)

    Ochen' udachnyi obzor. Eto deistvitel'no enciklopedicheskaya stat'ya. Na vpolne dostupnom urovne, no strogo, tam ponemnogu rasskazano obo vsem, chto imeet otnoshenie v zagolovku stat'i. po odnoi dve stranicy otvedeno takim temam kak: istoriya komologii, paradoks Ol'bersa, zakon Habbla, STO, izmerenie rasstoyanii, OTO, testy OTO, gravitacionnoe linzirovanie, chernye dyry, kosmologiya Fridmana-Lemetra, teplovaya istoriya vselennoi, inflyaciya, reliktovoe izluchenie, krupnomasshtabnaya sturktura, temnoe veshestvo, temnaya energiya. Ya by dobavil eshe chut'-chut' o pervichnom nukleosinteze....


    obzor arxiv:0802.2236 Forma i topologiya vselennoi (The Shape and Topology of the Universe)
    Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 21 pages, 11 figures. Proceedings of conference "Tessellations : The world a jigsaw", Leyden (Netherlands), march 2006

    Po suti eto populyarnaya stat'ya po topologii Vselennoi. Lyumine izvesten kak avtor nashumevshei stat'i, v kotoroi dannye po reliktovomu izlucheniyu interpretirovalis' v ramkah modeli v netrivial'noi topologiei. V dannom obzore rasskazano o tom, kak takie modeli vyglyadyat, kak ih mozhno proveryat' po imeyushimsya dannym i tp.


    obzor arxiv:0802.3688 Lekcii po teorii reliktovogo izlucheniya: ot nukleosinteza do rekombinacii (Lecture Notes on CMB Theory: From Nucleosynthesis to Recombination)
    Authors: Wayne Hu
    Comments: 41 pages, 19 figures, to appear in XIX Canary Island Winter School of Astrophysics, ed. R. Rebelo and J.A. Rubino-Martin

    Dostatochno podrobnoe opisanie osnovnyh fizicheskih processov, svyazannyh s formirovaniem svoistv reliktovogo fona. Esli vy hotite ponyat', kak v spektre moshnosti relikta na raznyh masshtabah voznikayut piki, i chto my mozhem iz vsego etogo izvlech' - to vam syuda.


    obzor arxiv:0802.4169 Teoriya strun, gravitaciya i eksperiment (String theory, gravity and experiment)
    Authors: Thibault Damour, Marc Lilley
    Comments: 75 pages, 8 figures; based on lectures given by T. Damour at Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics: Session 87: String Theory and the Real World: From Particle Physics to Astrophysics, Les Houches, France, 2-27 July 2007

    Bol'shoi professional'nyi (t.e. sovsem ne populyarnyi) obzor po gravitacii. teorii strun i vozmozhnostyam eksperimental'noi proverki.


    Vypusk 179. 01-14 fevralya 2008 goda

    obzor arxiv:0802.0702 Strategii po vyyavleniyu prirody temnoi materii (Strategies for Determining the Nature of Dark Matter)
    Authors: Dan Hooper, Edward A. Baltz
    Comments: 25 pages, 5 figures, Review intended for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science

    Horoshii professional'nyi obzor. Zatronuty vse osnovnye voprosy: kak v teorii (beglo, no dostatochno), tak i v eksperimente. Rasskazyvaetsya i o laboratornyh poiskah chastic, i o gamma-nablyudeniyah, i ob uskoritel'nyh eksperimentah. Obzor rasschitan na specialistov.


    Vypusk 178. 22-31 yanvarya 2008 goda

    miniobzor arxiv:0801.3028 Kosmomikrofizika: zagadki i otkrytiya (Astroparticle Physics: Puzzles and Discoveries)
    Authors: V. Berezinsky
    Comments: 13 pages, Invited talk at TAUP 2007 conference, September 2007, Sendai, Japan

    Interesnoe esse, posvyashennoe nekotorym zagadkam v kosmologii i rodstvennyh oblastyah. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno effektu Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina (GZK) i problemam s lyambda-chlenom.


    Vypusk 177. 10-21 yanvarya 2008 goda

    miniobzor arxiv:0801.2563 Anizotropiya relikta: otkrytie i primenenie (CMB Anisotropies: Their Discovery and Utilization)
    Authors: George F. Smoot
    Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures, A Century of Cosmology' held at San Servolo, Venice

    Prakticheski populyarnyi obzor po anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Opisana i istoriya issledovanii i otkrytii, i to "zachem eto nuzhno" v kosmologii, nu i, konechno zhe, chto eshe predstoit sdelat' na budushih eksperimentah. "Istoricheskii" podhod pomogaet ponyatnee vse izlozhit', tak chto stat'ya poluchaetsya ochen' dostupnaya.


    obzor arxiv:0801.2951 Strunnaya kosmologiya: obzor (String Cosmology: A Review)
    Authors: Liam McAllister, Eva Silverstein
    Comments: 55 pages

    Bolee ob'emnyi i menee dostupnyi obzor po kosmologii. Hotya formul ne tak uzh mnogo. Tak chto nadezhda razobrat'sya est' i u teh, kto ne zanimaetsya etoi oblast'yu.


    Vypusk 176. 20 dekabrya 2007-09 yanvarya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0712.3285 Rol' obratnogo vliyaniya zvezd na process formirovaniya galaktik (The role of stellar feedback in the formation of galaxies)
    Authors: Daniel Ceverino, Anatoly Klypin
    Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures, submitted to ApJ

    V teorii formirovaniya galaktik ostayutsya ser'eznye neyasnosti, no pohozhe, chto bolee sovershennye modeli pozvolyayut otvechat' na vazhnye voprosy. V dannom sluchae rassmatrivaetsya problema vliyaniya poyavivshihsya zvezd na process "dodelyvaniya" galaktiki.

    Dlya menya syurprizom stala vazhnost' ucheta ubegayushih zvezd. V predstavlyaemoi modeli avtory dostigayut razresheniya poryadka 50 parsek. Modeliruyutsya vse osnovnye sostavlyayushie mezhzvezdnoi sredy i tp. "detali", kotorye na samom dele yavlyayutsya opredelyayushimi dlya polucheniya realisticheskoi modeli.

    O vozmozhnoi roli vliyaniya aktivnyh yader na formirovanie krasnyh ellipticheskih galaktik sm. stat'yu arxiv:0712.3289.


    obzor arxiv:0712.4352 Effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha i kosmicheskii mikrovolnovyi fon (Sunyaev-Zeldovich and Cosmic Microwave Background)
    Authors: Carlo Burigana
    Comments: 21 pages. Invited Lecture at the First MCCT-SKADS Training School, September 23-29, 2007, Medicina, Bologna, Italy. PoS(MCCT-SKADS)013

    Hotya kilometrovaya antennaya reshetka (SKA) eshe tol'ko-tol'ko proektiruetsya, i dazhe ne vybrano mesto postroiki, uzhe provodyat poleznye shkoly i treningi. Poskol'ku SKA budet rabotat' i na kosmologiyu, dayutsya obzory po aktual'nym voprosam v etoi oblasti. V dannom sluchae eto effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha, sostoyashii vo vzaimodeistvii fotonov reliktovogo izlucheniya s goryachim gazom v skopleniyah galaktik.

    Obzor ne prostoi, no ochen' poleznyi dlya teh, kto deistvitel'no hochet razobrat'sya.


    obzor arxiv:0801.1023 Metody modelirovaniya dlya kosmologicheskih vychislenii (Simulation techniques for cosmological simulations)
    Authors: K. Dolag, S. Borgani, S. Schindler, A. Diaferio, A.M. Bykov
    Comments: 42 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view", Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 12; work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S. Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeker

    Poyavilsya celyi ryad statei, posvyashennyh razlichnym aspektam issledovaniya skoplenii galaktik. Pri etom bol'shinstvo statei yavlyayutsya obzorami, imeyushimi bolee shirokuyu oblast' primenimosti, chem tol'ko skopleniya. Vmeste oni formiruyut celuyu knigu. Perechislyu nekotorye iz nih.
    Nonthermal radiation mechanisms,
    Thermal radiation processes,
    Equilibration processes in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium ,
    Cosmological shock waves,
    Observations of extended radio emission in clusters,
    Nonthermal phenomena in clusters of galaxies,
    Clusters of galaxies: setting the stage ,
    Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view,
    Future instrumentation for the study of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium,
    Metal enrichment processes,
    Numerical simulations of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium.


    arxiv:0801.0245 Nashe mesto v gigantskoi vselennoi (Our Place in a Vast Universe)
    Authors: Don N. Page
    Comments: 14 pages, LaTeX, to be published in Melville Y. Stewart, ed., Science and Religion in Dialogue (Blackwell Publishing Inc., Oxford), from a series of lectures sponsored by the Templeton Foundation and given at Shandong University in Jinan, China, autumn 2007; see also arXiv:0801.0246 and arXiv:0801.0247

    Tri stat'i (vklyuchaya arXiv:0801.0246, arXiv:0801.02467) Dona Peidzha, posvyashennye religiozno=filosofskim aspektam sovremennyh kosmologicheskih teorii.

    Vypusk 175. 14-19 dekabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0712.2865 Novye rubezhi v kosmologii i obrazovanii galaktik: budushie zadachi (New Frontiers in Cosmology and Galaxy Formation: Challenges for the Future)
    Authors: Richard Ellis, Joseph Silk
    Comments: 29 pages, To appear in "Structure Formation in the Universe", ed. Chabrier, G., Cambridge University Press.

    Bol'shoi, dostupnyi i tolkovyi obzor ot dvuh vedushih specialistov po vnegalakticheskoi astronomii i kosmologii. Osnovnye temy: temnaya materiya i energiya, a takzhe obrazovanie galaktik i epoha reionizacii. Horosho summirovano sovremennoe sostoyanie del. Nu a glavnoi temoi yavlyaetsya popytka analiza togo, chto nado sdelat' v blizhaishem budushem, kakimi metodami i tp.


    obzor arxiv:0712.3028 Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo po osnovnym statisticheskim metodam dlya analiza dannyh v kosmologii (A practical guide to Basic Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis in Cosmology)
    Authors: Licia Verde
    Comments: 52 pages, To appear in the proceedings of the XIX Canary Island Winter School "The Cosmic Microwave Background: from Quantum fluctuations to the present Universe"

    V samam dele, nikakogo bla-bla-bla. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo. Dazhe zadachi est'. Navernoe, budet polezno ne tol'ko tem, kto nachinaet izuchat' obrabotku kosmologicheskih dannyh, a voobshe vsem, kto nachinaet ispol'zovat' statmetody dlya raboty s dannymi.


    Vypusk 174. 01-13 dekabrya 2007

    arxiv:0712.0435 Global'noe zondirovanie kosmologicheskih magnitnyh polei na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (A Global Probe of Cosmic Magnetic Fields to High Redshifts)
    Authors: P. P. Kronberg, et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures Astrophysical Jounrnal in press, March 2008

    Issledovanie mer vrasheniya bol'shogo chisla dalekih radioistochnikov pokazalo, chto za z~2 dolya ob'ektov s maloi meroi vrasheniya ochen' mala. T.e., kak pisht avtory "vselennaya faradeevski neprozrachna". Po ih mneniyu, eto govorit o tom, chto v rannie epohi okrestnosti galaktik byli dostatochno sil'no zamagnicheny. Drugaya vozmozhnost' sostoit v tom, chto velik vklad sobstvennyh polei istochnikov.


    item arxiv:0712.0538 Obnaruzhimye sledstviya radiacionnoi obratnoi svyazi pri reionizacii (Detectable Signatures of Cosmic Radiative Feedback).
    Authors: R. Schneider et al.
    Comments: MNRAS, 9 pages

    Avtorami razrabotana poluanaliticheskaya model', pozvolyayushaya uchest' vliyanie reoinizacii na process formirovaniya galaktik. Rassmotreny dva varianta modeli s razlichnymi scenariyami radiacionnoi obratnoi svyazi. Oba varianta nahodyatsya v soglasii s ogranicheniyami SDSS na soderzhanie neitral'nogo vodoroda na z < 7. Predskazannye razlichiya dlya tomsonovskoi opticheskoi tolshi nahodyatsya v predelah odnoi sigma po rezul'tatam trehletnih nablyudenii WMAP. Oba varianta soglasuyutsya s dannymi ob evolyucii Laiman-limit sistem (LLS), kosmicheskoi istorii zvezdoobrazovaniya, teplovoi istoriei mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, podschetom galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov, lish' nablyudeniya v linii HI 21 sm pozvolyat sdelat' vybor, kakoi iz variantov yavlyaetsya nabolee realistichnym. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya veroyatnost' obnaruzheniya signala s pomosh'yu sushestvuyushih i razrabatyvaemyh radioteleskopov.


    item Obzor arxiv:0712.1100 Pervichnyi nukleosintez v epohu precizionnoi kosmologii (Primordial Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Cosmology Era).
    Authors: Gary Steigman
    Comments: Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2007, 29 pages

    V 1985 godu v zhurnale Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. vyshel obzor "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Theories and Observations", napisannyi dvumya avtorami Boesgaard & Steigman. Proshlo bolee dvadcati let, i Gari Staigman vnov' summiruet naibolee vazhnye otkrytiya v oblasti pervichnogo nukleosinteza. Obzor napisan na dostupnom dlya nekosmologov urovne i sostoit iz pyati chastei: vstupleniya, kratkoi annotacii modelei standartnogo i nestandartnogo nukleosinteza pri Bol'shom Vzryve, opisaniya nablyudatel'nyh dannyh po reliktovym nuklidam (deiterii, gelii-3, gelii-4, litii-7), obsuzhdeniya soglasiya mezhdu sovremennoi teoriei i nablyudeniyami, zaklyucheniya.


    arxiv:0712.1118 Taina holodnogo pyatna WMAP (The mystery of the WMAP cold spot)
    Authors: Pavel D. Naselsky et al.
    Comments: 11 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Na kartah mikrovolnovogo fona (reliktovogo izlucheniya), postroennyh komandoi WMAP, est' zagadochnoe holodnoe pyatno na galakticheskoi shirote -57 i dolgote 209 gradusov. Avtory stat'i provodyat podrobnyi analiz. Hitrost' tut v tom, chto karty mikrovolnovogo fona stroyatsya sovsem ne tak, kak obychnye karty. T.e. eto ne nanesenie na kartu neba "tochek" s izmerennoi temperaturoi. Postroenie karty zavyazano zdes' na slozhnye metody obrabotki. V itoge mozhet poluchit'sya tak, chto nekotorye "detali" na karte voznikayut imenno v sledstvii primeneniya konkretnogo algoritma postroeniya, a vovse ne iz-za sushestvovaniya kakih-to vydelennyh oblastei na nebe. Pohozhe, chto imenno tak i poyavilos' holodnoe pyatno. Avtory detal'no razbirayut, kakie garmoniki mogli vnesti vklad v poyavlenie etogo "mirazha".


    item arxiv:0712.1239 Metallichnost' mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na osnove metoda tochechnoi statistiki: IV. Kislorod (Metallicity of the intergalactic medium using pixel statistics: IV. Oxygen).
    Authors: A. Aguirre et al.
    Comments: ApJ, 13 pages

    Izuchenie himicheskogo sostava mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na razlichnyh krasnyh smesheniyah pokazalo nalichie v nei tyazhelyh elementov uzhe na z = 5-6 i otsutstvie sushestvennoi evolyucii v metallichnosti dlya intervala krasnyh smeshenii 2 < z < 4. Process obogasheniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy yavlyaetsya klyuchevym dlya ponimaniya evolyucii galaktik, potomu nablyudeniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy byli i ostayutsya odnim iz prioritetnyh napravlenii. Dannaya stat'ya yavlyaetsya chetvertoi v serii rabot i posvyashena analizu linii O VI, C IV, Si IV i H I v spektrah vysokogo razresheniya 17 kvazarov, poluchennyh dlya na teleskopah VLT i Keck. Rezul'taty issledovaniya pokazali, chto na intervale krasnyh smeshenii 1.9 < z < 3.6 soderzhanie kisloroda [O/H] v mezhgalakticheskoi srede sushestvenno ne menyaetsya. Analogichnyi rezul'tat byl poluchen ranee temi zhe avtorami iz analiza obiliya v mezhgalakticheskoi srede ugleroda [C/H].


    item arxiv:0712.1356 Harakteristiki i obnruzhimost' epohi temnyh vremen i reionizacii s tochki zreniya modelirovaniya (Character and detectability of the dark ages and the epoch of reionization: the view from the simulations).
    Authors: Ilian Iliev et al.
    Comments: In Proceedings of From planets to dark energy: the modern radio universe, 5 pages

    Pryamoe obnaruzhenie epohi "temnyh vremen" i reionizacii odna iz prioritetnyh nauchnyh celei nizkochastotnyh radioinstrumentov, kak deistvuyushih (Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, 21- CM Array), tak i razrabatyvaemyh (Low Frequency Array, Murchison Widefield Array i Square Kilometre Array). Vsledstvie slabogo i zashumlennogo signala, ozhidaetsya, chto takie nablyudeniya budut kraine slozhny. Uspeh eksperimentov i korrektnoi interpretacii rezul'tatov budet tesno svyazan s ponimaniem osnovnyh processov i harakternyh masshtabov reionizacii, poluchennyh iz chislennyh eksperimentov. V rabote kratko obsuzhdayutsya osnovnye rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya v etoi oblasti. Po ocenke avtorov, optimal'nye nablyudatel'nye chastoty eksperimenta lezhat v diapazone 140-160 MGc.


    miniobzor arxiv:0712.1513 Budushee kosmologii (The Future of Cosmology)
    Authors: George Efstathiou
    Comments: 13 pages, To appear in the proceedings of `A Century of Cosmology', S. Servolo, August 2007, to be published in Il Nuovo Cimento,

    Nebol'shie kommentarii po nereshennym problemam, kotorye budut atakovany v blizhaishie gody. Spisok vklyuchaet v sebya sleduyushee. Poisk tenzornyh mod (naprimer, po nablyudeniyam polyarizacii relikta). Otvet na vopros o tom, imeem li my delo s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, ili zhe velichina ee evolyucioniruet. Razvitie struktury.

    Podcherknu, chto eto imenno kommentarii, a ne polnocennyi obzor. T.e., nesmotrya na otsutstvie formul chitat' vse eto legko tem, kto v teme.


    Vypusk 173. 20-30 noyabrya 2007

    item arxiv:0711.2944 Nablyudaemost' laiman-al'fa emitterov v techenie reionizacii v zavisimosti ot uslovii v mezhgalakticheskoi srede (Effect of the intergalactic environment on the observability of Ly-alpha emitters during reionization).
    Authors: Ilian Iliev et al.
    Comments: MNRAS, 22 pages

    V rabote predstavleny rezul'taty samosoglasovannogo modelirovaniya processa reionizacii i ego vliyaniya na sostoyanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Rezul'taty raschetov pokazali, chto bol'shaya chast' istochnikov, otvetstvennyh na reionizaciyu, slishkom slaba, chtoby ih mozhno bylo zafiksirovat' v sovremennyh nablyudatel'nyh obzorah.


    item obzor arxiv:0711.3358 Fizika mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (The Physics of the Intergalactic Medium).
    Authors: Avery A. Meiksin
    Comments: Reviews of Modern Physics, 69 pages

    Otlichnyi obzor po fizike mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, kotorogo davno zhdali. V detalyah opisano sovremennoe ponimanie struktury, svoistv i evolyucii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Rabota sostoit iz devyati chastei i ohvatyvaet takie vazhnye razdely kak rezul'taty nablyudenii i chislennyh eksperimentov, osnovy teorii reionizacii, processy vzaimodeistviya galaktik i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, opisanie zaplanirovannyh nazemnyh i kosmicheskih eksperimentov. Po polnote i shirote ohvata materiala dannyi obzor mozhno sravnit' s knigoi Kaplana i Pikel'nera "Fizika mezhzvezdnoi sredy".


    item lekciya arxiv:0711.3463 Granicy reionizacii: teoriya i budushie nablyudeniya (The Frontier of Reionization: Theory and Forthcoming Observations).
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: Opening lecture for "Astrophysics In the Next Decade", 26 pages

    Yasnoe i prostoe ob'yasnenie togo, chto takoe reionizaciya ot odnogo iz vydayushihsya kosmologov sovremennosti. Napisannaya na populyarnom urovne, eta stat'ya ne trebuet ot chitatelya special'noi podgotovki, no v to zhe vremya predel'no dostupno raz'yasnyaet sut' fizicheskih processov, proishodivshih v rannei vselennoi. Naidennye obrazy i otlichno podobrannye sravneniya ne ostavyat nikogo ravnodushnym. Otdel'noe vnimanie udeleno nablyudatel'noi kosmologii i gotovyashimsya proektam JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) i GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope).


    obzor arxiv:0711.3788 Pryamaya registraciya holodnoi temnoi materii (Direct Detection of Cold Dark Matter)
    Authors: Laura Baudis
    Comments: 10 pages, 11 figures; submitted for the SUSY07 proceedings

    Ochen' horoii obzor po laboratornym metodam poiska chastic temnoi materii. Opisany vse osnovnye metodiki i eksperimenty. Komu interesno, stat'ya legko prevrashaetsya v populyarnuyu.


    arxiv:0711.4078 Kvazizvezdy: akkreciruyushie chernye dyry v massivnyh obolochkah (Quasistars: Accreting black holes inside massive envelopes)
    Authors: Mitchell C. Begelman, Elena M. Rossi, Philip J. Armitage
    Comments: 11 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS submitted. Resubmitted version after referee review

    Sushestvuet takaya problema: kak bystro vyrastit' iz zarodyshevyh chernyh dyr sverhmassivnye ob'ekty v centrah galaktik? Delo v tom, chto prosto "napihat'" veshestvo vnutr' dyry za schet akkrecii nel'zya, t.k. pri akkrecii vydelyaetsya energiya, i etot potok izlucheniya ostanovit akkreciyu (tochnee otreguliruet ee v sootvetstvii s t.n. Eddingtonovskim predelom, opredelyaemym massoi chernoi dyry).

    Avtory rassmatrivayut akkreciyu na chernuyu dyru iz plotnoi gazovoi obolochki. Eto pohozhe na situaciyu, v kotoroi nachinaetsya rost massy chernyh dyr v centrah molodyh galaktik. Za schet otvoda energii konvekciei, avtoram udaetsya obespechit' dostatochno vysokii rost massy. Tak mozhno dorastit' massu do neskol'kih tysyach solnechnyh za million let. Potom obolochka, v kotoroi idet konvekciya, rasseivaetsya. Eto vazhnyi etap v processe uvelicheniya massy chernyh dyr. Veroyatno, nablyudeniya na kosmicheskom teleskope sleduyushego pokoleniya mogut dat' otvet na vopros realizuetsya li takoi scenarii v deistvitel'nosti.


    arxiv:0704.0646 Matematicheskaya vselennaya (The Mathematical Universe)
    Authors: Max Tegmark
    Comments: Replaced to match accepted Found. Phys. version, 31 pages, 5 figs

    Maks Tegmark detal'no opisyvaet svoyu gipotezu "matematicheskoi vselennoi". Sut' ee v tom, chto za nashei fizicheskoi real'nost'yu stoit matematicheskaya struktura. T.e., ne my opisyvaem prirodu v matematicheskih terminah, a priroda i est' matematicheskaya struktura. Skoree, nashi organy chuvstv obmanyvayutsya, vosprinimaya fizicheskuyu, a ne matematicheskuyu real'nost'.

    V kachestve korotkogo vvedeniya v mul'tiversy stoit prochest' arxiv:0711.4460.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0711.4181 Kosmologicheskii gorizont (The Cosmic Horizon)
    Authors: Fulvio Melia
    Comments: 10 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

    Ya by skazal, chto eto metodicheskaya stat'ya. Prodelav nekotorye preobrazovaniya s bazovymi kosmologicheskimi uravneniyami, avtor obsuzhdaet gorizonty, voznikayushie vo vselennoi. Avtor vvodit termin "gorizont krivizny", kotoryi, po suti, sovpadaet s gorizontom sobytii. Raznica tol'ko v tom, chto eti gorizonty voznikayut v raznyh sistemah otscheta.

    Sm. takzhe eshe odnu stat'yu etogo avtora, na etot raz ne metodicheskuyu. Po suti, pervaya stat'ya mozhet schitat'sya vvedeniem ko vtoroi.

    Zaodno stoit prochest' klassicheskie stat'i Rindler, v kotoryh vvodyatsya gorizont sobytii i gorizont chastic: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956MNRAS.116..662R, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956MNRAS.116..335R. Nemnogo populyarno pro gorizonty mozho pochitat' tut mid://1194830, ili tut http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/publishing/vs/archives/?item_id=2557.


    item arxiv:0711.4598 Dinamicheskaya evolyuciya sharovyh skoplenii v ierarhicheskoi kosmologii (Dynamical Evolution of Globular Clusters in Hierarchical Cosmology).
    Authors: O.Y. Gnedin & J.L. Prieto
    Comments: conference proceedings, 5 pages

    V rabote kratko predstavleny rezul'taty kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya formirovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v molekulyarnyh oblakah galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. V to vremya kak iz nablyudenii chetko sleduet, chto vse zvezdy i sharovye skopleniya formiruyutsya v molekulyarnyh oblakah, nachal'nye usloviya fragmentacii oblakov ostayutsya naimenee opredelennym parametrom. Vozrast bol'shinstva sharovyh skoplenii sravnim s kosmologicheskim vremenem, potomu estestvenno predpolozhit' v kachestve nachal'nyh te usloviya, kotorye byli harakternye dlya rannei vselennoi. Po mneniyu avtorov, parametry modeliruemyh skoplenii nahodyatsya v horoshem soglasii s nablyudeniyami blizkih molodyh skoplenii.


    item arxiv:0711.4888 Poisk nedostayushih barionov v teploi i goryachei mezhgalakticheskoi srede (Searching for the missing baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium).
    Authors: X. Barcons et al.
    Comments: Astron. Nachr., 4 pages

    Mini-obzor summiruet rezul'taty rentgenovskih nablyudenii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Na krasnyh smesheniyah z > 2 teoreticheskie ocenki chisla barionov soglasuyutsya s nablyudeniyami, soglasno kotorym bol'shaya chast' barionov soderzhitsya v DLA sistemah (Damped Ly-alpha systems). Dlya krasnyh smeshenii z < 2 polovina barionov "poteryana". Zvezdy, galaktiki i skopleniya galaktik ne mogut v summe dat' nuzhnogo kolichestva barionov. Aktivnye fazy galakticheskoi evolyucii, soprovozhdaemye vzryvami sverhnovyh i galakticheskim vetrom, prilivnye vzaimodeistviya galaktik predpolagayut obogashenie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy barionami. Soglasno sovremennym kosmologicheskim ocenkam, sushestvennoe kolichestvo barionov mozhet soderzhat'sya v teplo-goryachei mezhgalakticheskoi srede (the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium ili WHIM). WHIM predstavlyaet soboi goryachii i kraine razrezhennyi gaz s temperaturoi T= 105-107 K i koncentraciei n= 10-4 - 10-6 chastic v kubicheskom santimetre. Mnogochislennye popytki obnaruzhit' WHIM s pomosh'yu sputnikov XMM-Newton i Chandra byli uspeshny tol'ko dlya blizkoi mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Predel chuvstvitel'nosti sovremennyh rentgenovskih spektrometrov ne pozvolyaet uverenno nablyudat' WHIM na kosmologicheskih rasstoyaniyah. Sleduyushee pokolenie rentgenovskih sputnikov (XEUS), vozmozhno pozvolit poluchit' gorazdo bol'she informacii o svoistvah WHIM i soderzhaniyu v nei barionov. Obo vsem etom govoritsya v obzore.


    Vypusk 172. 01-19 noyabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0711.1240 Supersimmetrichnye kandidaty v temnuyu materiyu - legchaishie neitralino, gravitino i aksino (Supersymmetric Dark Matter Candidates - The Lightest Neutralino, the Gravitino, and the Axino)
    Authors: Frank Daniel Steffen
    Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures; Submitted for the SUSY07 proceedings

    Podrobnyi obzor po trem kandidatam v temnuyu materiyu. Obzor napisan na astrofizicheskom, a ne teorfizicheskom urovne slozhnosti. Tak chto vo vsem mozhno razobrat'sya.


    Vypusk 171. 17-31 oktyabrya 2007

    item arxiv:0710.3160 Kak formirovalis' protogalaktiki. III. Vliyanie pervyh zvezd (Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars).
    Authors: J. Wise & T. Abel
    Comments: ApJ, 12 pages

    Sovremennye nablyudeniya pokazali, chto dazhe na dalekih krasnyh smesheniyah z > 5 himicheskii sostav mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (MGS) otlichen ot pervichnogo. Voznikaet vopros, kak imenno prohodilo obogashenie MGS v rannei Vselennoi? Eta problema yavlyaetsya odnoi iz naibolee diskutiruemyh v sovremennoi kosmologii. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena chislennomu modelirovaniyu evolyucii karlikovyh galaktik, pogruzhennyh v galo temnoi materii. Rassmotrena ih evolyuciya c uchetom radiacionnogo vliyaniya pervyh zvezd (zvezd naseleniya III). Soglasno raschetam avtorov stat'i, v rezul'tate dinamicheskogo vliyaniya zvezd naseleniya III karlikovye galaktiki teryayut do 40% vseh tyazhelyh elementov i obogashayut mezhgalakticheskuyu sredu na samyh rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi.


    obzor arxiv:0710.3543 Znachenie chislennyh sovpadenii v prirode (The significance of numerical coincidences in nature)
    Authors: Brandon Carter
    Comments: 73 latex pages, consisting of 5 page postscript appended to transcript (with original figures by photocopy) of 68 page manuscript printed by stencil in 1967 under subheading ``The role of fundamental microphysical parameters in cosmogony'', as a foundation for what was to become known as the anthropic principle

    Arhivazhnaya stat'ya! Eto vosproizvedenie klassicheskoi raboty, posvyashennoi antropnomu principu (do etogo ona byla malodostupna v elektronnom vide). Krome togo Karter sdelal nebol'shoe posleslovie. Sovetuyu vsem prochest'!


    obzor arxiv:0710.4602 Chuvstvitel'nost' EXIST k gamma-vspleskam (EXIST's Gamma-Ray Burst Sensitivity)
    Authors: D. L. Band et al.
    Comments: 25 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ

    EXIST - eto sputnik dlya issledovaniya neba v zhestkom diapazone spektra. Ozhidaemyi zapusk - primerno v 2015 godu. V stat'e rassmotrena chuvstvitel'nost' pribora k gamma-vspleskam. Razumeetsya, chuvstvitel'nost' budushego apparata sushestvenno prevzoidet parametry sushestvuyushih priborov.


    Vypusk 170. 01-16 oktyabrya 2007

    katalog arxiv:0710.2241 Katalog skoplenii galaktik po dannyh XMM-Newton (A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton)
    Authors: S. L. Snowden, R. M. Mushotzky, K. D. Kuntz, D. S. Davis
    Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A, 55 pages with 42 figures

    Predstavlen katalog iz 70 skoplenii galaktik, kotorye detal'no nablyudalis' na XMM-Newton. Sravnenie s rezul'tatami s Chandra pokazyvaet, chto ocenki temperatur gaza v skopleniyah po dannyh dvuh sputnikov sistematicheski razlichayutsya.


    arxiv:0710.2338 Ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu sverhnovyh tipa Ia (Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae)
    Authors: Ryan J. Foley et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, submitted to ApJ.

    Kak izvestno, sverhnovye tipa Ia ispol'zuyutsya v kosmologii kak standartnye svechi. Imenno po etim ob'ektam pochti 10 let nazad bylo obnaruzheno uskorennoe rasshirenie vselennoi. Tem ne menee, vsegda zvuchit somnenie: a chto esli svehnovye "tam" ne takie kak "tut". T.e., net li kakoi-to sushestvennoi evolyucii sverhnovyh za poslednie neskol'ko milliardov let. Mozhet byt' te, chto nahodyatsya na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah ne bliznecy-brat'ya "nashim" sverhnovym?

    Avtory sravnivayut spektry dalekih i blizkih sverhnovyh. Spektrov mnogo, ispol'zovany tol'ko vysokokachestvennye dannye po horosho izuchennym sverhnovym. Osnovnoi vyvod takov: nikakoi sushestvennoi evolyucii ne obnaruzheno.


    obzor arxiv:0710.2879 Bogatstvo i krasota fiziki kosmologicheskoi rekombinacii (The Richness and Beauty of the Physics of Cosmological Recombination)
    Authors: R.A. Sunyaev, J. Chluba
    Comments: 14 pages, 6 figures, NRAO 50th anniversary conference proceeding

    Ponyatno i podrobno opisany effekty, imeyushie mesto vo vremya rekombinacii. Takzhe obsuzhdayutsya perspektivy nablyudeniya posledstvii etih effektov. Uchityvaya vazhnost' pravil'nogo ponimaniya togo, kak prohodila rekombinaciya, vse eto ochen' interesno.


    Vypusk 169. 19-30 sentyabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0709.3102 Kosmologiya i Nezhdannoe (Cosmology and the Unexpected)
    Authors: Edward W. Kolb
    Comments: 18 pages, Two lectures presented at the International School of Subnuclear Physics, "Searching for the 'totally unexpected' in the LHC era," Erice, Italy 2007

    Dostatochno podrobnye, no dostupnye lekcii po kosmologii. Dostoinstvom yavlyaetsya to, to Ed pro vse-vse, chto hot' kak-to mozhet byt' svyazano s issledovaniyami na LHC, postaralsya upomyanut'.


    obzor arxiv:0709.3924 Postoyannaya Habbla (The Hubble Constant)
    Authors: Neal Jackson
    Comments: Living Reviews in Relativity 10(2007)4

    Bol'shoi horoshii obzor. Vsem rekomenduyu hotya by posmotret'. Znat', kak vse eto opredelyaetsya - ochen' vazhno.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 168. 11-18 sentyabrya 2007

    item miniobzor arxiv:0709.1367 Vliyanie pervyh zvezd i galaktik na formirovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (Feedback from the first stars and galaxies and its influence on structure formation)
    Authors: Benedetta Ciardi
    Comments: 11 pages, 19 figures; invited review to appear in "First Stars III"

    Otlichnyi obzor Benedetty Ch'yardi o mehanicheskom, himicheskom i radiacionnom vliyanii pervyh zvezd i galaktik na formirovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Stat'ya mozhet byt' populyarnym vvedeniem v bolee ser'eznyi obzor teh zhe avtorov (Ciardi & Ferrara, 2005, Space Science Reviews, 116, 625).


    Vypusk 167. 25 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0708.3677 Kommentarii k stat'e "Predely na vremennuyu variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury na osnove analiza nablyudenii absorbcionnyh linii v spektrah udalennyh kvazarov" (Comment on "Limits on the Time Variation of the Electromagnetic Fine-Structure Constant in the Low Energy Limit from Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Distant Quasars")
    Authors: Michael T. Murphy, John K. Webb, Victor V. Flambaum
    Comments: 1 page, 1 EPS figure. Submitted as a PRL Comment on arXiv:astro-ph/0402177 . Further details available in arXiv:astro-ph/0612407

    V poslednie gody aktivno obsuzhdaetsya potencial'naya vozmozhnost' opredeleniya vremennyh variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury iz analiza absorbcionnyh linii v spektrah kvazarov vysokogo razresheniya. Odnako sovremennyi uroven' tochnosti, dostizhimyi teleskopami Keck/HIRES i VLT/UVES, poka ne pozvolyaet odnoznachno razreshit' etot vopros. V dannoi zametke zakryvaetsya sensacionnoe soobshenie, opublikovannoe ranee v astro-ph/0402177, o dostignutoi tochnosti $\Delta\alpha/\alpha=(-0.06\pm0.06)\times10^{-5}$. Na osnove bolee korrektnoi statisticheskoi obrabotki teh zhe nablyudatel'nyh dannyh avtorami zametki dokazano, chto uroven' tochnosti na segodnya ne mozhet byt' principial'no luchshe, chem $\Delta\alpha/\alpha=(-0.44\pm0.16)\times10^{-5}$. Podrobnyi analiz rezul'tatov opublikovan v astro-ph/0612407.


    arxiv:0708.3819 Smeshenie linii, assimetriya linii i opredelenie otnosheniya izotopov 6Li/7Li (Line shift, line asymmetry, and the 6Li/7Li isotopic ratio determination)
    Authors: Roger Cayrel, et al.
    Comments: Accepted for publication on A&A Letters

    Litii - sovershenno unikal'nyi himicheskii element, sostoyashii iz dvuh izotopov 6Li i 7Li. Sintez litiya proishodit tremya spososobami: srazu posle Bol'shogo Vzryva v processe pervichnogo nukleosinteza (tol'ko 7Li), v processe zvezdnoi evolyucii na stadii AGB - asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov (tol'ko 7Li) i pri vzaimodeistvii kosmicheskih luchei s atomami mezhzvezdnoi sredy (v osnovnom 6Li). Poskol'ku 6Li sinteziruetsya gorazdo pozzhe 7Li, otnoshenie izotopov litiya 6Li/7Li v staryh malometallichnyh zvezdah galo sluzhit odnim iz vazhnyh nablyudatel'nyh testov teorii pervichnogo nukleosinteza. Avtory dannoi stat'i (polovina iz nih - vsemirno izvestnye uchenye) dvumya razlichnymi sposobami izuchili soderzhanie izotopov litiya v atmosfere malometallichnoi zvezdy HD 74000, prinadlezhashei galo nashei Galaktiki. Rezul'taty etogo analiza, osnovannogo na novom metode razdeleniya blendirovannyh linii izotopov 6Li i 7Li, pokazali, chto dlya vseh ranee opublikovannyh rabot mozhno s bol'shoi uverennost'yu govorit' o sistematicheskoi pereocenke soderzhaniya izotopa 6Li. Po ocenke avtorov, soderzhanie 6Li v atmosfere zvezdy HD 74000 (metallichnost' [Fe/H]=- 2.0 dex) ne prevyshaet odnogo-dvuh procentov ot soderzhaniya izotopa 7Li. Esli rezul'tat podobnogo analiza budet podtverzhden dlya statisticheski znachimogo chisla malometallichnyh zvezd, ischeznet neobhodimost' poiska variantov sinteza 6Li na rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi i nablyudatel'noe ogranichenie teorii pervichnogo nukleosinteza budet nadezhno podtverzhdeno.


    arxiv:0708.3846 Modelirovanie reionizacii: harakter processa i vozmozhnost' nablyudeniya ( Simulating Reionization: Character and Observability)
    Authors: Ilian T. Iliev, Paul R. Shapiro , Garrelt Mellema, Ue-Li Pen, Patrick McDonald, J. Richard Bond
    Comments: 3 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of First Stars III, Santa Fe, July 2007, AIP Conf. Series

    Reionizaciya - sravnitel'no nedolgii etap evolyucii Vselennoi ot momenta obrazovaniya pervyh zvezd na z= 30-40, kogda mezhgalakticheskaya sreda byla polnost'yu neitral'noi i holodnoi, do momenta, sootvetsvuyushego krasnym smesheniyam z=6-7, kogda MGS stala ionizovannoi i goryachei. Progress v ponimanii prirody i svoistv etogo nedostupnogo pryamomu izucheniyu perioda dostignut v poslednie gody blagodarya sovremennym kosmologicheskim nablyudatel'nym proektam i modelirovaniyu perenosa izlucheniya v usloviyah rannei Vselennoi. V zametke Iliana Il'eva dano dostupnoe ne kosmologam izlozhenie osnovnyh faktov o reionizacii. Eta nebol'shaya stat'ya (i glavnoe ssylki v nei) mozhet byt' poleznoi dlya pervogo oznakomleniya s temoi, kotoraya stanovitsya vse bolee i bolee populyarnoi.


    obzor arxiv:0708.3848 Vtorye zvezdy (The Second Stars)
    Authors: Falk Herwig
    Comments: Biermann award 2004 lecture, AG meeting, Prague (2005RvMA...18...21)

    "Vtorye zvezdy" - eto svetila, voznikshie srazu posle pervyh. Pervye sostoyali tol'ko iz pervichnogo veshestva, poetomu v osnovnom byli ochen' massivnymi i zhili nedolgo. Seichas takih net (esli, konechno, gde-to ne ostalos' dostatochnoe kolichestvo ploho peremeshannogo gaza). "Vtorye zvezdy" obrazovyvalis' iz uzhe slegka obogashennogo tyazhelymi elementami veshestva. Poetomu oni mogli byt' malomassivnymi, a znachit mogli dozhit' do nashih dnei. T.o., oni yavlyayutsya unikal'nymi "svidetelyami epohi". O tom, chto oni rasskazyvayut nam - v stat'e.


    arxiv:0708.3922 Pervichnoe obilie legkih elementov (Primordial Light Element Abundances)
    Authors: Paolo Molaro
    Comments: talk given at the conference "Pathways Through an Eclectic Universe" Johan Knapen, Terry Mahoney and Alexandre Vazdekis Editors

    V paru k predydushemu obzoru mozhno porekomendovat' stat'yu po pervichnomu soderzhaniyu legkih elementov vo vselennoi (sm. takzhe vyshe stat'yu 0708.3819).


    obzor arxiv:0708.4231 Lekcii v TASI o kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (TASI Lectures on the Cosmological Constant)
    Authors: Raphael Bousso
    Comments: 39 pages, 3 figures

    Obzornye lekcii po kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Obozrevayutsya raznye aspekty, vklyuchaya vozmozhnye puti resheniya problemy v ramkah teorii strun.


    obzor arxiv:0709.0070 Proishozhdenie sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Origin of supermassive black holes)
    Authors: V. I. Dokuchaev, Yu. N. Eroshenko, S. G. Rubin
    Comments: 42 pages, 5 figures, review paper

    Dan obzor razlichnyh scenariev obrazovaniya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Razumeetsya, avtory obsuzhdayut nedostatki razlichnyh scenariev i vozmozhnye puti resheniya imeyushihsya problem.


    arxiv:0709.0502 Antropnost' i blizorukost': uslovnye veroyatnosti i kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya (Anthropics and Myopics: Conditional Probabilities and the Cosmological Constant)
    Authors: Irit Maor, Lawrence Krauss, Glenn Starkman
    Comments: 13 pages

    Avtory privodyat dostatochno ubeditel'noe rassuzhdenie v pol'zu togo, chto ne stoit vosprinimat' fakt nashego sushestvovaniya kak nechto bezuslovno ob'yasnyayushee velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Naprimer, pri podobnom ob'yasnenii molchalivo predpolagaetsya, chto my yavlyaemsya tipichnymi nablyudatelyami, chto ne ochevidno.


    arxiv:0709.0524 Vliyanie pervichnyh chernyh dyr na mikrovolnovoe fonovoe izluchenie i ocenki kosmologicheskih parametrov (Effect of Primordial Black Holes on the Cosmic Microwave Background and Cosmological Parameter Estimates)
    Authors: Massimo Ricotti, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Katherine J. Mack
    Comments: 17 pages (Apj style), 9 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak nalichie dostatochno massivnyh (ne isparayushihsya) pervichnyh chernyh dyr mozhet vliyat' na svoistva reliktovogo izlucheniya, reionizaciyu i tp. Udaetsya dat' sushestvenno (na poryadki) bolee strogii predel na chernye dyry s massoi bolee 0.1 solnechnoi. Uchet pervichnyh chernyh dyr dostatochno bol'shoi massy mozhet byt' vazhen pri opredelenii kosmologicheskih parametrov (ved' pri takoi procedure vsegda zakladyvaetsya nekotoraya model').


    arxiv:0709.0545 Obrazuyutsya li sverhmassivnye chernye dyry za schet pryamogo kollapsa? (Did supermassive black holes form by direct collapse?)
    Authors: Mitchell C. Begelman
    Comments:5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in "First Stars III", proceedings of the conference in Santa Fe, NM, July 16-20, 2007, eds. B. O'Shea, A. Heger and T. Abel. AIP Conference Proceedings

    Avtor rassmatrivaet bystroe formirovanie chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik za schet pryamogo kollapsa gaza (t.e. bez obrazovaniya zvezd). Za schet akkrecii takie dyry bystro narashivayut svoyu massu do neskol'kih tysyach solnechnyh. Eto mozhet pomoch' reshit' problemu bystrogo rosta massy sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr.


    Vypusk 166. 14-24 avgusta 2007

    obzor arxiv:0708.2824 Kosmologiya i galakticheskie korrelyacii (Cosmology with Galaxy Correlations)
    Authors: Robert C. Nichol
    Comments: Invited review for a special issue of "General Relativity and Gravitation" on Dark Energy, 16 pages

    Daetsya obzor togo, chto mogut skazat' o kosmologicheskih parametrah dannye o prostranstvennom raspredelenii galatik. Rassmatrivaetsya trehmernoe raspredelenie galaktik, a takzhe integrirovannyi effekt Saksa-Vol'fa.


    Vypusk 165. 01-13 avgusta 2007

    katalog arxiv:0708.0030 Katalog fotometricheskih krasnyh smeshenii galaktik v shestom relize Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba (A Galaxy Photometric Redshift Catalog for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6)
    Authors: Hiroaki Oyaizu et al.
    Comments: 16 pages, 12 figures

    Predstavlen katalog krasnyh smeshenii i ego opisanie dlya primerno 77 millionov galaktik v Sloanovskom obzore. Konechno, fotometricheskoe opredelenie krasnyh smeshenii ne slishkom tochnoe, no sravnenie, provedennoe avtorami, pokazyvaet, chto v srednem oshibka priemlema.


    obzor arxiv:0708.0134 Fizika na LHC i kosmologiya (LHC Physics and Cosmology)
    Authors: Nikolaos E. Mavromatos
    Comments: 49 pages Latex, 25 EPS figures incorporated, uses special macros. Lectures presented at the Lake Louise Winter Institute 2007 (Lake Louise (Canada), February 19-24 2007)

    Bol'shoi obzor po kosmomikrofizike i rodstvennym temam. Posle vvodnoi chasti avtor rassmatrivaet, kak astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya mogut dat' ogranicheniya na fizicheskie teorii, i naoborot, kak novye dannye LHC smogut ogranichit' modeli, ispol'zuemye v astrofizike.


    obzor arxiv:0708.0535 Rentgenovskoe izluchenie skoplenii galaktik (X-ray emission from Clusters of Galaxies)
    Authors: Paolo Tozzi
    Comments: 8 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the "Memorie della SAIt", proceedings of the "LI congresso della Societa' Astronomica Italiana", Firenze, April 17-20 2007

    V poslednie gody izuchenie skoplenii galaktik v rentgenovskom diapazone stalo odnoi iz goryachih oblastei astrofiziki. Novye sputniki pozvolyayut poluchat' ochen' interesnye dannye (napomnyu, chto samoe sil'no svidetel'stvo sushestvovaniya temnoi materii polucheno s ispol'zovaniem rentgenovskih dannyh po skopleniyam). Krome togo, planiruyutsya novye instrumenty (naprimer, eROSITA na rossiiskom Spektre-RG). Obzor rasskazyvaet o tom, chto sdelano, i pochemu eto interesno.

    Voobshe, skopleniya galaktik seichas prityagivayut vnimanie issledovatelei. Sm7, naprimer, stat'i arxiv:0708.0585, posvyashennuyu korrelyacii opticheskih dannyh po skopleniyam galaktik v SDSSS s radiokatalogom, i arxiv:0708.0579, gde izuchaetsya vzaimodeistvie dzhetov so sredoi v skopleniyah galaktik.


    arxiv:0705.3636 Kosmologicheskie i astrofizicheskie ogranicheniya na fiziku nechastic (Constraining Unparticle Physics with Cosmology and Astrophysics)
    Authors: Hooman Davoudiasl
    Comments: 4 pages

    V astrofizicheskuyu chast' Arhiva otzerkalili maiskuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu lyubopytnoi teme. Rech' idet ob interesnoi koncepcii "nechastic". V dannoi zhe stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kakie ogranicheniya na etu model' mogut dat' astrofizicheskie dannye, i chto tut mozhno voobshe ozhidat'.


    arxiv:0708.0961 Vizualizaciya rezul'tatov kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya (Visualization of Cosmological Particle-Based Datasets)
    Authors: Paul Arthur Navratil, Jarrett L. Johnson, Volker Bromm
    Comments: 7 pages, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2007), Nov/Dec 2007.

    Dovol'no interesno, kak lyudi pytayutsya optimizirovat' vizualizaciyu rezul'tatov raschetov formirovaniya pervyh zvezd i tp.


    Vypusk 164. 20-31 iyulya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0707.3319 Otkrytie reliktovyh gravitacionnyh voln v fonovom mikrovolnovom izlechenii (Discovering Relic Gravitational Waves in Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation)
    Authors: L. P. Grishchuk
    Comments: 43 pages including 9 figures, based on an invited lecture at the first J.A.Wheeler School on Astrophysical Relativity, June 2006

    Lekciya posvyashena perspektivam obnaruzheniya effektov vozdeistviya reliktovyh (kosmologicheskih) gravitacionnyh voln na fonovoe mikrovolnovoe (t.e. reliktovoe) izluchenie). Po mneniyu avtora uzhe sleduyushee pokolenie eksperimentov (Planck i dr.) smozhet dat' polozhitel'nyi rezul'tat.


    obzor arxiv:0707.2748 Teoriya teorii gravitacii: otchet o neuspehah (Theory of gravitation theories: a no-progress report)
    Authors: Thomas P Sotiriou, Valerio Faraoni, Stefano Liberati
    Comments: 21 pages

    Stat'ya budet interesna vsem, kto interesuet sozdaniem novyh teorii gravitacii (osobenno, "na kolenke").

    Avtory obsuzhdayut nabor principov, kotoryi nachali obsuzhdat' uzhe desyatki let nazad, kotorye neobhodimy pri popytkah sozdat' novuyu teoriyu gravitacii. Slozhnosti nachinayutsya uzhe s sozdaniem edakogo "rukovodstva po sozdaniyu novyh teorii (dlya chainikov)".

    Srazu uzh i ssylka na svezhuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu odnomu iz aspektov rasshirennyh teorii gravitacii: arxiv:0707.2819.


    Vypusk 163. 01-19 iyulya 2007

    arxiv:0706.4482 Evolyuciya mikrovolnovogo reliktovogo fona (The Evolution of the Cosmic Microwave Background)
    Authors: J. P. Zibin, A. Moss, D. Scott
    Comments: 23 pages, 12 figures

    Avtory izuchayut budushuyu evolyuciyu reliktovogo fona. Zadacha, na moi vzglyad, chisto akademicheskaya (kakaya nam raznica, kakie karty smogut stroit' v dalekom budushem), no zato opisyvaetsya mnogo interesnoi fiziki.


    miniobzor arxiv:0707.1075 Reliktovoe izluchenie na Yuzhnom polyuse: proshloe, nastoyashee i budushee (CMB from the South Pole: Past, Present, and Future)
    Authors: J. M. Kovac, D. Barkats
    Comments: 8 pages, 23 figure panels and photos, invited review for the Proceedings of the 6th Rencontres du Vietnam 2006

    Daetsya obzor proshlyh, nastoyashih i budushih eksperimentov po nablyudeniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya v Antarktide.


    obzor arxiv:0707.2783 Proishozhdenie astrofizicheskih magnitnyh polei (The Origin of Astrophysical Magnetic Fields)
    Authors: Russell M. Kulsrud, Ellen G. Zweibel
    Comments: 64 pages and 6 figures; an invited review for Reports in Physics

    Otkuda vzyalis' magnitnye polya - ne yasno. Problema v tom, "chto bylo v samom nachale". Esli est' hot' slabye polya, to pridumano uzhe dostatochno mnogo mehanizmov dlya ih usileniya (o nih tozhe idet rech' v obzore). No otkuda vzyat' zachatochnye (seed) polya? Interesno? Chitaite!


    Vypusk 162. 20-30 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.2375 Svyaz' mezhdu LHC, ILC i kvintessenciei (Connecting LHC, ILC, and Quintessence)
    Authors: Daniel J. H. Chung et al.
    Comments: 38 pages, 9 figures

    Avtory detal'no rassmatrivayut, kak dannye s novyh uskoritelei smogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya proverki teorii temnoi energii i temnogo veshestva. Vyvody na udivlenie optimisticheskie (po-krainei mere dlya energii poryadka 1 GeV).


    obzor arxiv:0706.2986 Temnoe veshestvo i temnaya energiya (Dark Matter and Dark Energy)
    Authors: Marc Kamionkowski
    Comments: Submitted for publication in `Visions of Discovery'' (in honor of Charles Townes), to be published by Cambridge University Press. 53 pages, 13 figures

    "Seichas vremya byt' kosmologom," - s takoi frazy nachinaetsya dannyi neplohoi obzor po kosmologii. Mark yavlyaetsya specialistom po reliktovomu izlucheniyu, poetomu ne udivitel'no, chto znachitel'naya chast' obzora tak ili inache svyazana s etoi temoi. Podrobno ob'yasnyaetsya mnogo momentov, osobenno svyazannyh s polyarizaciei relikta. Takzhe podrobno razbiraetsya vopros o temnom veshestve, rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye gipotezy. Zatem, sleduya zagolovku (v kotorom, zamechu, relikta-to ne bylo:) ), avtor perehodit k temnoi energii. Zdes' bol'she privodyatsya dannye nablyudenii, chem razbiraetsya teoriya.

    Obzor okazyvaetsya ne ochen' sbalansirovannym, no, povtoryus', pro reliktovyi fon tam rasskazano ochen' horosho. Krome togo, ostal'nye chasti napisany ochen' yasno, nu i informaciya tam svezhaya.

    P.S. Zabyl skazat', chto privoditsya horoshii "slovarik", v kotorom kratko raz'yasneny nekotorye terminy i opisany eksperimenty.
    P.P.S. Da! I ssylok pochti 200 shtuk!

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0706.3048 Temnoe yadro Abel' 520 (A Dark Core in Abell 520)
    Authors: A. Mahdavi et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Abel' 520 - eto bogatoe skoplenie galaktik na z=0.201. Po dannym o slabom linzirovanii udalos' postroit' raspredelenie massy. Udivitel'naya osobennost' skopleniya takova: u nego est' massivnoe temnoe yadro. Drugie svoistva ne vyzyvayut udivleniya (t.e. nikakoi superekzotiki, na pervyi vzglyad, net). Yadro sovpadaet s maksimumom rentgenovskogo izlucheniya (za nego otvechaet goryachii gaz), a vot galaktik tam - malo.


    miniobzor arxiv:0706.3482 Istoriya sborki massivnyh galaktik: chto my znaem? (The Assembly History of Massive Galaxies: What Do We Know?)
    Authors: Christopher J. Conselice
    Comments: Invited review, 12 pages, to appear in "Pathways through an eclectic Universe", J. H. Knapen, T. J. Mahoney, and A. Vazdekis (Eds.), ASP Conf. Ser., 2007

    Nebol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi istorii formirovaniya i evolyucii massivnyh galaktik. Soglasno sovremennym vozzreniyam, takie ob'ekty formiruyutsya uzhe na z>2. Posle z poryadka 1 sliyaniya s drugimi krupnymi ob'etami uzhe prakticheski ne proishodyat. Opisyvayutsya osnovnye nablyudatel'nye fakty, podtverzhdayushie etu standartnuyu kartinu.


    arxiv:0706.3554 Proverka gravitacii po dvizheniyu sputnikov vokrug galaktik: n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya protiv modificirovannoi n'yutonovskoi dinamiki (Testing gravity with motion of satellites around galaxies: Newtonian gravity against Modified Newtonian Dynamics)
    Authors: A. Klypin, F. Prada
    Comments: 7 pages, 2 figures

    Poslednie gody idet massirovannaya proverka MOND (modificirovannoi n'yutonovskoi dinamiki) i drugih podobnyh teorii na raznyh astrofizicheskih sistemah. Vse proverki v pol'zu standartnyh teorii. Ne isklyuchenie i novaya rabota. V dannom sluchae po dannym SDSS izuchaetsya dvizhenie sputnikov galaktik. Vse horosho ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu teoriyu, a MOND polnost'yu "provalilas'".

    Sm. takzhe arxiv:0706.3703.


    arxiv:0706.3900 Vrashenie chernyh dyr i morfologiya galaktik (Black-Hole Spin and Galactic Morphology)
    Authors: Marta Volonteri, Marek Sikora, Jean-Pierre Lasota
    Comments: 9 pages, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Davno uzhe bylo zamecheno, chto v srednem radioizluchenie ot diskovyh galaktik namnogo slabee, chem ot ellipticheskih (rech' idet o krupnyh ellipticheskih galaktikah). Bylo vyskazano predpolozhenie, chto eto mozhet byt' svyazano s tem, chto v ellipticheskih galaktikah central'nye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry bystree vrashayutsya. V dannoi stat'e avtory proveryayut etu ideyu.

    V samom dele, raschety pokazyvayut, chto iz-za togo, chto rost mass chernyh dyr v ellipticheskih galaktikah proishodit vo vremya moshnyh epizodov akkrecii, svyazannyh so sliyaniyami s krupnymi galaktikami, a v diskovyh massa dyr rastet iz-za skromnyh epizodov, vrashenie chernyh dyr bystree v ellipticheskih.


    arxiv:0706.4068 Obnaruzhenie temnoi energii vblizi Mestnoi gruppy s pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa (Detection of dark energy near the Local Group with the Hubble Space Telescope)
    Authors: Chernin A.D. et al.
    Comments: 11 pages, 1 figure

    Rech' konechno zhe idet ne o kakoi-to pryamoi registracii, a o tom, chto udaetsya uvidet' effekt temnoi energii v dinamike galaktik. T.e., uzhe "u nashego poroga", vsego lish' v 1-2 Mpk ot nas, mozhno uvidet', chto dinamika rasshireniya vselennoi opredelyaetsya temnoi energiei.

    Eto ne pervaya stat'ya dannoi gruppy po issledovaniyu dinamiki galaktik v Mestnom ob'eme. Krome etogo, avtory issledovali drugie gruppy galaktik. Odnako v etoi rabote predstavlen naibolee polnyi nabor dannyh po issledovaniyam Mestnogo ob'ema po dannym Kosmicheskogo teleskopa.

    Sm. takzhe arxiv:0706.4171, gde rech' idet ob analogichnyh izmereniyah, no ne dlya Mestnoi gruppy galaktik, a dlya gruppy M81/M82.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 161. 09-19 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.1197 Nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya na teorii modificirovannoi gravitacii (Observational Bounds on Modified Gravity Models)
    Authors: Antonio De Felice, Pia Mukherjee, Yun Wang
    Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures, uses RevTeX

    Avtory rassmatrivayut, kak dannye nablyudenii mogut dat' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na teorii modificirovannoi gravitacii. Ispol'zuetsya standartnyi nabor kosmologicheskih dannyh: dannye po sverhnovym, po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i po raspredeleniyu galaktik. V pervuyu ochered' rassmatrivayutsya t.n. f(r) teorii gravitacii, kotorye v poslednee vremya aktivno obsuzhdayutsya v literature.

    Nekotoryi obzor teorii gravitacii mozhno naiti v svezhem e-printe arxiv:0706.1146.

    Drugoi preprint, posvyashennyi ogranicheniyam na f(r) teorii gravitacii: arxiv:0706.2399.


    arxiv:0706.1270 Proekt po sravneniyu kosmologicheskih komp'yuternyh programm (The Cosmic Code Comparison Project)
    Authors: Katrin Heitmann et al.
    Comments: 28 pages, 14 figures

    Seichas v mire sushestvuet dostatochno mnogo grupp, zanimayushihsya chislennym modelirovaniem formirovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Dlya vnyatnogo obsuzhdeniya rezul'tatov, poluchennyh etimi gruppami, neobhodimo sravnivat' sami komp'yuternye programmy. Dlya etogo nado provodit' nekotorye standartnye vychisleniya, i detal'no razbirat'sya net li protivorechii v raznyh kodah. Etim uzhe neskol'ko let zanimayutsya. V stat'e predstavleny ocherednye rezul'taty sravneniya. Vrode by vse horosho.


    obzor arxiv:0706.1557 Kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya i temnaya energiya v mirah na brane (The cosmological constant and dark energy in braneworlds)
    Authors: Kazuya Koyama
    Comments: Invited Review for a special Gen. Rel. Grav. issue on Dark Energy, 22 pages, 13 figures

    Kak izvestno, voprosy o proishozhdenii temnoi energii ostayutsya pokrytymi mrakom. Odin iz podhodov, ispol'zuemyh pri popytkah resheniya etoi problemy, svyazan s ponyatiem "mira na brane". V stat'e daetsya obzor popytok rassmotreniya prirody temnoi energii v ramkah "mirov na brane". Srazu skazhu, chto formul mnogo.

    Bolee prostoi obzor po temnoi energii (no be stol' detal'nogo obsuzhdeniya bran) mozhno naiti v korotkom obzore arxiv:0706.2186.


    obzor arxiv:0706.1565 Pervye etapy zhizni i evolyuciya vselennoi (Resource Letter BE-1: The Beginning and Evolution of the Universe)
    Authors: Bharat Ratra, Michael S. Vogeley
    Comments: 95 pages, invited review article for American Journal of Physics, comments are welcomed by the authors

    Ochen' udobnaya vesh' - spisok pochti 700 rabot po kosmologii, razbityh na neskol'ko sekcii. Vnutri mnogie sekcii takzhe strukturirovany. Nekotorye sekcii ili podsekcii predvaryayutsya minivvedeniyami.


    obzor arxiv:0706.1824 Lekcii po astrofizicheskim aspektam neitrino (TASI Lectures on Astrophysical Aspects of Neutrinos)
    Authors: John F. Beacom
    Comments: Lectures given at Exploring New Frontiers Using Colliders and Neutrinos (TASI 2006), Boulder, Colorado, 4-30 Jun 2006; 22 pages, 10 figures

    Horoshii ponyatnyi obzor po neitrinnoi astronomii (za vychetom solnechnyh neitrino). V osnovnom rassmotreny neitrino ot sverhnovyh, a takzhe neitrinov vysokih energii.


    obzor arxiv:0706.2445 Kosmologiya s gamma-vspleskami (GRB Cosmology)
    Authors: Volker Bromm, Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 24 pages, 9 figures, review to appear in "Gamma-ray Bursts" (CUP)

    V literature chasto obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhno ispol'zovat' kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski v kachestve instrumenta dlya kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Po suti, v obzore sobrany vse osnovnye idei v etom klyuche. V osnovnom rech' idet o svyazi zvezd populyacii III s gamma-vspleskami, ob izuchenii tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.


    Vypusk 160. 01-08 iyunya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0706.0123 Astrofizika rannego obrazovaniya galaktik (The Astrophysics of Early Galaxy Formation)
    Authors: Piero Madau
    Comments: 39 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the XVIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics on "The Emission Line Universe", J. Cepa and F. Sanchez eds., Cambridge University Press

    V lekcii sobrano bolee-menee vse, chto nuzhno znat' dlya pervogo (no ser'eznogo) znakomstva s formirovaniem krupnomasshtabnoi struktury, formirovaniem i evolyuciei galaktik i pervymi zvezdami.

    V obzore mnogo poleznyh formul i zavisimostei. V obshem, vse ochen' ser'ezno, dostatochno polno i po delu.

    Horoshim dopolneniem posluzhit sleduyushii punkt nashei programmy.


    obzor arxiv:0706.0139 Pervobytnye galaktiki (Primeval galaxies)
    Authors: Daniel Schaerer
    Comments: 48 pages including figures. Lecture notes to appear in "The emission line Universe", XVIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, Ed. J. Cepa, Cambridge Univ. Press

    Eti lekcii posvyasheny pervym galaktikam i zvezdam. Zdes' formul uzhe prakticheski net, zato est' mnogo nablyutel'nyh dannyh i rezul'tatov sravneniya model'nyh raschetov s nablyudeniyami. Tak chto material v samom dele prekrasno dopolnyaet predydushii.


    arxiv:0706.0914 Chetyre kvazara na krasnyh smesheniyah bol'she 6, otkrytye v kanadsko-francuzskom obzore kvazarov na vysokih krasnyh smesheniyah (Four quasars above redshift 6 discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey)
    Authors: Chris J. Willott, et al.
    Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to AJ

    Predstavleny svezheotkrytye dalekie kvazary. Sredi nih - samyi dalekii na segodnyashnii den': CFHQS J2329-0301. On nahoditsya na krasnom smeshenii z=6.43 (napomnyu, chto perevod krasnyh smeshenii v rasstoyaniya ili vremya ot bol'shogo vzryva yavlyaetsya model'no zavisimoi proceduroi).

    Sm. takzhe novost' na Granyah.


    Vypusk 159. 22-31 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.3288 Sistematicheskie oshibki v opredelenii postoyannoi Habbla po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha (Systematic Errors in the Hubble Constant Measurement from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect)
    Authors: Hajime Kawahara, Tetsu Kitayama, Shin Sasaki, Yasushi Suto
    Comments: 22 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Odin iz populyarnyh metodov opredeleniya postoyannoi Habbla osnovan na ispol'zvanii effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha. Effekt sostoit vo vzaimodeistvii goryachih elektronov v skopleniyah galaktik s mikrovolnovym fonom. V rezul'tate vzaimodeistviya ot elektronov fotonam peredaetsya energiya. Pole relikovyh fotonov imeet izvestnye harakteristiki. Esli my polagaem, chto stroenie skopleniya nam takzhe izvestno, to po nablyudenii effekta my mozhem opredelit' razmer skopleniya, a sledovatel'no i rasstoyanie do nego.

    Neodnokratnye popytki opredeleniya postoyannoi Habbla s pomosh'yu etogo metoda privodili k rezul'tatu, sistematicheski men'shemu, chem po drugim indikatoram. V stat'e avtory analiziruyut prichiny etogo rashozhdeniya. Avtory ispol'zuyut usovershenstvovannuyu model', v kotoroi uchteny razlichnye detali svyazannye s formoi skoplenii, s raspredeleniem veshestva v nih i tp. V itoge sistematicheskoe rashozhdenie udaetsya snyat'.

    Sm. takzhe svezhuyu rabotu Maksima Markevicha, v kotoroi on issleduet vliyanie obiliya geliya v skopleniyah galaktik na opredelenie rasstoyanii do skoplenii po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha i rentgenovskim dannym.

    Opisanie nablyudenii effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha s pomosh'yu novogo priemnika na 32-metrovom teleskope v pol'skom Torune mozhno naiti v stat'e 0705.3336.


    obzor arxiv:0705.3704 Izmeneniya fundamental'nyh konstant: teoriya i nablyudeniya (Variation of fundamental constants: theory and observations)
    Authors: V.V. Flambaum
    Comments: Update on variation of fundamental constants. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A and McKellar/Joshi Festschrift proceedings (World Scientific)

    Privedena svodka poslednih dannyh po verhnim predelam na variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Razumeetsya, v predelah pogreshnosti nablyudenii vse postoyanno.


    obzor arxiv:0705.4102 Spisok ssylok: temnaya energiya i uskoryayushayasya vselennaya (Resource Letter: Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe)
    Authors: Eric V. Linder
    Comments: Resource Letter for AAPT/AJP, 11 pages, 99 references

    Avtor predstavlyaet spisok iz pochti 100 ssylok (s kommentariyami) po voprosam temnoi energii i uskoreniya rasshireniya vselennoi.

    V korotkoi perspektive eto dovol'no poleznyi material.


    Vypusk 158. 12-21 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.1556 Modelirovanie kosmologicheskoi evolyucii s pomosh'yu Enco (Simulating Cosmological Evolution with Enzo)
    Authors: Michael L. Norman et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Petascale Computing: Algorithms and Applications, Ed. D. Bader, CRC Press LLC (2007)

    Podrobno, no ochen' ponyatno (bez massy formul i tp.) opisana komp'yuternaya programma i ee primeneniya dlya kosmologicheskih vychislenii. Rekomenduyu vsem, kto interesuetsya tem, kak provodyatsya moshnye vychisleniya v sovremennoi astrofizike.


    arxiv:0705.1592 Parallaksy cefeid i postoyannaya Habbla (Cepheid Parallaxes and the Hubble Constant)
    Authors: Floor van Leeuwen et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 1 figure, on-line material from mwf@artemisia.ast.uct.ac.za. Accepted for MNRAS

    Avtory ispol'zuyut peresmotrennye parallaksy cefeid, poluchennye s pomosh'yu sputnika Gipparkos. Ispol'zuya novye rezul'taty, oni peresmatrivayut rasstoyaniya do galaktik, ispol'zovavshihsya pri ocenke postoyannoi Habbla. V srednem ocenka postoyannoi vozrastaet primenrno na 10 procentov.


    obzor arxiv:0705.1599 Sushestvuet li vselenskaya funkciya mass? (Is There a Universal Mass Function?)
    Authors: Bruno Binggeli, Tatjana Hascher
    Comments: 17 pages, 11 figures - Accepted for publication in PASP (review)

    Dovol'no interesnyi obzor, ibo zatragivaet prakticheski vse izvestnye astronomicheskie ob'ekty. Konkretno, avtory rassmatrivayut funkcii mass ob'ektov ot melkih asteroidov do skoplenii galaktik. V ochen' shirokom predele grubo mozhno opisat' "vselenskuyu" funkciyu mass odnim stepennym pokazatelem okolo -2 (sm. ris. 10 na str. 12). Konechno, otkloneniya est', i zachastuyu oni ochen' veliki. No, povtoryus', na moi vzglyad interesen ne kakoi-to konechnyi vyvod o global'noi funkcii mass, a imenno obzor.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    obzor arxiv:0705.3374 Lekcii v Karzhes po gravitacii na brane (Cargese Lectures on Brane Induced Gravity)
    Authors: Gregory Gabadadze
    Comments: 17 pages; based on Carg\se lectures of 2006; to appear in proceedings

    Oblast', kotoroi posvyashen obzor, na moi vzglyad dostatochno slozhna. S drugoi storony, avtoru udalos' napisat' tekst, dostupnyi bolee-menee lyubomu studentu-fiziku. Esli formuly na urovne ser'eznyh obshih kursov fiziki i matematiki vas ne smushayut, to est' shans razobrat'sya v dovol'no interesnoi teme.

    Otmechu takzhe eshe odin obzor, posvyashennyi leptogenezisu.


    arxiv:0705.2171 Otkrytie kol'ceobraznoi struktury temnoi materii v yadre skopleniya galaktik CI 0024_17 (Discovery of a Ringlike Dark Matter Structure in the Core of the Galaxy Cluster Cl 0024+17)
    Authors:M.J. Jee, et al.
    Comments: To appear in the June 1 issue of The Astrophysical Journal.

    Po novostyam prokatilos' soobshenie ob obnaruzhenii kol'ca iz temnoi materii. A vot i original'naya stat'ya.

    Otmechu, chto neskol'ko dnei nazad poyavilos' drugoe pohozhee soobshenie arxiv:0705.1720. Tam rech' shla o razdelenii vidimogo i temnogo veshestva v gravitacionnoi linze. Linza predstavlyaet soboi kol'co einshteina.


    arxiv:0705.2269 Pryamoe kosmologicheskoe modelirovanie rosta chernyh dyr i galaktik (Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies)
    Authors: Tiziana Di Matteo et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Rassmatrivaetsya sovmestnaya evolyuciya galaktik i sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v ramkah standartnoi ierarhicheskoi modeli. Unikal'nost' chislennoi modeli sostoit v tom, chto vse-vse-vse po vozmozhnosti rassmotreno sovmestno.Vrode by, vse osnovnye zakonomernosti i nablyudatel'nye fakty nahodyat svoe mesto v dannoi modeli.

    Sm. takzhe arxiv:0705.2238


    Vypusk 157. 01-11 maya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0705.0164 Inflyacionnaya kosmologiya (Inflationary Cosmology)
    Authors: Andrei Linde
    Comments: 60 pages, 10 figs, based on a talk given at the 22nd IAP Colloquium, "Inflation+25", Paris, June 2006

    Bol'shoi i podrobnyi obzor po sovremennym inflyacionnym modelyam.

    Napisano vpolne dostupno. Massa ssylok (200). Illyustracii udachno vse dopolnyayut.


    arxiv:0705.0165 Trebuetsya li modificirovannaya gravitaciya po dannym nablyudenii? (Is Modified Gravity Required by Observations? An Empirical Consistency Test of Dark Energy Models)
    Authors: Sheng Wang, Lam Hui, Morgan May, Zoltan Haiman
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

    Avtory rassmatrivayut vopros o tom, trebuyut li sovremennye nablyudatel'nye kosmologicheskie dannye vvedeniya modificirovannoi gravitacii, ili zhe dostatochno standartnyh predpolozhenii. Issleduyutsya tri parametra: plotnost' temnoi energii, ee uravnenie sostoyaniya (parametr w, ravnyi dlya kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi -1), i evolyuciya temnoi energii - proizvodnaya dw/da. Podhod sostoit v sleduyushem. Raznye dannye, ispol'zuemye v rabote, "chuvstvitel'ny" ili k geometricheskim rasstoyaniyam, ili k rostu struktury. Znachit, effektivno mozhno opredelyat' vse issleduemye parametry ili po geometrii ili po rostu struktury. V standartnom sluchae parametry v oboih podhodah budut odinakovymi, a vot vo mnogih teoriyah s modificirovannoi gravitaciei ravenstva ne budet. Esli v rezul'tate analiza okazhetsya, chto "geometricheskie" i "rostovye" parametry razlichny, to eto budet ser'ezneishim argumentom v pol'zu novoi fiziki. Esli zhe net - to mozhno nalozhit' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na parametry a'ternativnyh teorii.

    Rezul'taty raboty govoryat o tom, chto novovvedenii ne trebuetsya. Odnako vazhno ponimat', chto eto ne zakryvaet al'ternativnye teorii v principe. Vo-pervyh, mozhno podgonyat' ih parametry tak, chtoby oni prohodili etot test. A vo-vtoryh, avtory delali nekotorye razumnye uproshayushie predpolozheniya. Veroyatno, chto budut poyavlyat'sya pohozhie raboty, issleduyushie situaciyu bolee detal'no.

    Drugoe testirovanie "standartov" provoditsya v stat'e arxiv:0705.0440. V nei avtory ocenivayut chislo sortov neitrino po kompleksu kosmologicheskih dannyh. Tut tozhe vse spokoino. Standartnoe znachenie, ravnoe 3, poka yavlyaetsya nailuchshim.


    arxiv:0705.0217 Novyi analiz dodekaedricheskoi modeli Puankare (A new analysis of Poincare dodecahedral space model)
    Authors: S. Caillerie, M. Lachieze-Rey, J.-P. Luminet, R. Lehoucq, A. Riazu
    Comments: Submitted to A&A, 5 pages, 4 figures

    Lyumine s kollegami proveryayut svoyu model' netrivial'noi topologii vselennoi, ispol'zuya dannye treh let raboty WMAP. Razumeetsya, vse shoditsya.

    Sm. takzhe 0705.0332, gde avtory takzhe obsuzhdayut raznye varianty netrivial'noi geometrii.


    obzor arxiv:0705.0615 Poiski aksionov v proshlom, nastoyashem i blizhaishem budushem (Axion Searches in the Past, at Present, and in the Near Future)
    Authors: R. Battesti et al.
    Comments: 38 pages, 26 figures and images, to appear in the Lecture Notes in Physics volume on Axions (Springer Verlag)

    Snova "ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti".
    Poiski aksiona horosho motivirovany s teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya. Aksiony pochti navernyaka sushestvuyut (naprimer, oni "dostovernee" neitralino). S drugoi storony, ne yasno, okazhutsya li oni vazhnymi dlya kosmologii. Teoretiki dayut raznye vozmozhnosti.

    Obzor v osnovnom posvyashen imenno eksperimental'nym poiskam, poetomu, dumayu, mnogim budet interesno.


    Vypusk 156. 24-30 aprelya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0704.3374 Geometriya i topologiya v relyativistskoi kosmologii (Geometry and Topology in Relativistic Cosmology)
    Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 14 pages, invited talk given at "More geometrico" Conference, 3-4 may 2005, Milano University (Italy), to be published in Proceedings "New Trends in Geometry, and Its Role in the Natural and Life Sciences", eds. C. Bartocci, L. Boi & C. Sinigaglia, Elsevier

    Rassmotren matematicheskii aspekt klassifikacii vozmozhnyh vselennyh. Nablyudatel'nye testy obsuzhdayutsya v osnovnom v kontekste rezul'tatov WMAP po reliktovomu fonu. Razumeetsya, avtor govorit o zashishaemoi im modeli.


    obzor arxiv:0704.3540 Inflyacionnye vozmusheniya: kosmologicheskii effekt Shvingera (Inflationary Perturbations: the Cosmological Schwinger Effect)
    Authors: Jerome Martin
    Comments: 49 pages, 6 figures, to appear in a LNP volume "Inflationary Cosmology"

    Avtor nazyvaet svoi obzor "pedagogicheskim vvedeniem v teoriyu inflyacionnyh kosmologicheskih kvantovo-mehanicheskih vozmushenii". Eto "obzor ne dlya vseh": v nem okolo 200 neprostyh formul. Tak chto pedagogicheskii harakter sostoit v tom, chto vvedenie deistvitel'no podrobnoe, no vse eto dlya teh, kto real'no zanimaetsya sootvestvuyushei naukoi, provodya real'nye raschety.


    arxiv:0704.3543 Rezul'taty po poisku temnoi materii i dvoinomu beta-raspadu v eksperimente DAMA v Gran Sasso (Results on Dark Matter and beta beta decay modes by DAMA at Gran Sasso)
    Authors: R. Bernabei
    Comments: 14 pages, Contributed paper to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NDBD07), Ahmedabad (India), February 2007

    "Ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti" (s)
    V stat'e opisany prodolzhayushiesya poiski redkih sobytii v podzemnom eksperimente DAMA v Italii. Nablyudeniya prodolzhayutsya, no nadezhdy, esli chestno, ne ochen' mnogo. Hotya, predely vse vremya uluchshayutsya, i dlya ogranichenii na fantaziyu teoretikov eto vse ochen' vazhno.


    obzor arxiv:0704.3579 Razvitie modelei Bol'shogo vzryva: ot mifa k teorii i nablyudeniyam (The Rise of Big Bang Models, from Myth to Theory and Observations)
    Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 15 pages, pdf only. Invited talk at conference "Antropogenesi : Dall'energia al fenomeno umano", 19-21 october, Portogruaro (Italy). To appear in Proceedings, eds. A. Pavan, E. Magno

    Eshe odin obzor ot Zhana-P'era Lyumine. Na etot raz on posvyashen istorii razvitiya kosmologicheskih teorii.

    Nachinaetsya vse s 1917 goda i proslezhivaetsya do samogo poslednego vremeni. Osoboe vnimanie avtor udelyaet ideyam Lemetra, kotorye, na vzglyad Lyumine, vo mnogom nedooceneny.


    Vypusk 155. 13-23 aprelya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0704.2064 Dinamika kvintessencii, kvintessenciya dinamiki (The Dynamics of Quintessence, The Quintessence of Dynamics)
    Authors: Eric V. Linder
    Comments: 15 pages, 6 figures, review article for General Relativity and Gravitation

    V sovremennyh kosmologicheskih teoriyah uchenye ne prosto ispol'zuyut "kosmologicheskuyu postoyannuyu", no igrayut s parametrami temnoi energii, chto privodit k razlichnym netrivial'nym variantam dinamiki rasshireniya. Obzoru vseh etih igr i ogranicheniyam, nalagaemym nablyudeniyami na eti ekzersisy, i posvyashen obzor.


    obzor arxiv:0704.2198 Kosmologiya mira na brane (Braneworld Cosmology)
    Authors: James M. Cline
    Comments: 14 pages, 2 figures, invited review talk given at "From Strings to LHC," International Center, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 2-10 Jan. 2007

    Ser'eznyi (ne dlya postoronnih) obzor osnovnyh kosmologicheskih modelei dlya mira na brane.


    esse arxiv:0704.2291 Fundamental'naya fizika: pochemu temnaya energiya - eto ploho dlya astronomii (Fundamentalist physics: why Dark Energy is bad for Astronomy)
    Authors: Simon D.M. White
    Comments: Essay commissioned for publication in Reports on Progress in Physics. 19 pages including 3 figures

    Strannyi tekst, no zasluzhivaet prochteniya, otchasti imenno iz-za neozhidannogo vzglyada na veshi.

    Osnovnaya mysl' avtora sostoit v tom, chto soyuz astronomii i fiziki vysokih energii v dele izucheniya temnoi energii mozhet byt' razrushitelen dlya astronomii (ob etom nizhe). Krome togo, avtor predosteregaet ot vlozheniya ochen' bol'shih sredstv v izuchenie temnoi energii (rech' idet, vidimo, v pervuyu ochered' o planiruemyh sputnikah).

    Avtor detal'no rassmatrivaet razlichiya v podhodah k issledovaniyu, prinyatyh v astrofizike i v fizike vysokih energii. Sliyanie astrofiziki i fiziki vysokih energii, po mneniyu avtora, mozhet privesti k tomu, chto effektivnye astrofizicheskie principy organizacii issledovanii (rech' v pervuyu ochered' idet o krupnyh poektah, v osnovnom kosmicheskih) mozhet byt' neobratimo izmenen. V itoge, astrofizika izmenitsya nastol'ko, chto mozhet perestat' byt' stol' prityagatel'noi i effektivnoi, kakoi ona yavlyaetsya seichas.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    arxiv:0704.2753 Mestnaya temnaya energiya: HST ukazyvaet na potok rasshireniya vokrug Cen A/M83 (Local dark energy: HST evidence from the expansion flow around Cen A/M83 galaxy group)
    Authors: A. D. Chernin et al.
    Comments: 16 pages

    Ocherednaya stat'ya gruppy Karachenceva, Chernina i dr. Ideya sostoit vot v chem. Blagodarya nalichiyu bol'shogo vklada temnoi energii uzhe na strukturah masshtaba Mestnoi gruppy galaktik mozhno obnaruzhivat' effekty rasshireniya Vselennoi. Razmer Mestnoi gruppy chut' bol'she 1 Mpk, a kriticheskii radius, vyshe kotorogo temnaya energiya nachinaet dominirovat', sostavlyaet (dlya massy nashei gruppy) neskol'ko sot kiloparsek. T.o., dlya dalekih chlenov Mestnoi gruppy mozhno zametit' rasshirenie. Avtory krasivo nazyvali eto "habblovskii potok u nashego poroga". Teper' avtory pokazali nalichie effekta na primere drugoi gruppy galaktik, analogichnoi Mestnoi.

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    Vypusk 154. 01-12 aprelya 2007

    arxiv:0704.0221 Vozvrashenie staticheskoi vselennoi i konec kosmologii (The Return of a Static Universe and the End of Cosmology)
    Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss, Robert J. Scherrer
    Comments: 8 pages, submitted to 2007 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition

    Sobstvenno, eto ne original'naya stat'ya, a "esse na temu". Osnovnaya mysl' ego prosta i ponyatna. My zhivem k zamechatel'nuyu (pravda, dlinnuyu) epohu, kogda mozhno izuchat' kosmologiyu. V dalekom budushem, esli vselennaya budet takzhe uskorenno rasshiryat'sya, my budem videt' lish' nash "obitaemyi ostrov", a dal'nyaya vselennaya budet nedostupna dazhe dlya nablyudenii.

    Poskol'ku esse napisano ochen' yasno, to ya i obrashayu na nego vashe vnimanie.


    arxiv:0704.0647 Proverka strunnyh teorii po reliktovomu fonu (Testing String Theory with CMB)
    Authors: Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde
    Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures

    Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak budushie nablyudeniya reliktovogo izlucheniya (v pervuyu ochered', registraciya sledov tenzornyh vozmushenii) mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya proverki (t.e. dlya postanovki ogranichenii) strunnyh teorii.


    esse arxiv:0704.1132 Bylo li u vremeni nachalo? Budet li u vremeni konec? (Did time begin? Will time end?)
    Authors: Paul H. Frampton
    Comments: 63 pages latex

    Srazu skazhu, Pol Frempton - dostatochno izvestnyi i kompetentnyi uchenyi. Poetomu dannoe esse (po suti, predstavlyaemyi tekst yavlyaetsya nebol'shoi nauchno-populyarnoi knigoi) vpolne zasluzhivaet prochteniya. Avtor zadaetsya "vechnym" voprosom o prirode vremeni.

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    Vypusk 153. 20-31 marta 2007

    lekciya astro-ph/0703496 Anizotropiya kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona do vtorogo poryadka (Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies up to Second Order)
    Authors: Nicola Bartolo et al.
    Comments: 53 pages, LaTeX file. Lectures given by S.M. at Les Houches Summer School - Session 86: Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Fabric of Spacetime, Les Houches, France, 31 Jul - 25 Aug 2006. To appear in the Proceedings

    V lekcii privoditsya podrobnyi vyvod uravnenii, pozvolyayushih rasschityvat' evolyuciyu anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Soderzhanie ochen' tehnicheskoe. Tem ne menee, dlya specialistov budet ochen' polezno i interesno.


    hep-th/0703156 Relyativistskaya modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya dinamika iz teorii strun? (Relativistic Modified Newtonian Dynamics from String Theory?)
    Authors: Nick Mavromatos, Mairi Sakellariadou
    Comments: 5 pages

    S odnoi storony, nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik dali stol' sil'nye argumenty v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii, chto sporit' s etim vse slozhnee i slozhnee. S drugoi storony, "za borodu" chasticy temnoi materii ne poimany, znachit, po merkam teorii elementarnyh chastic i analogichnyh ei, kotorye privykli bazirovat'sya na dannyh laboratornyh (uskoritel'nyh i tp.) eksperimentov, eshe nichego okonchatel'no ne dokazano. Pri etom, blagodarya rabote Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya (MOND) perezhila vtoroe rozhdenie posle poyavleniya teorii TeVeS. Teoreticheskaya privlekatel'nost' poslednei ochen' velika, nesmotrya na to, chto, vo-pervyh, est' dannye nablyudenii, kotorye MOND bez uhishrenii opisat' ne mozhet, a vo-vtoryh, dlya TeVeS net, kak govoryat, mikrofizicheskoi motivacii. Vot razresheniyu poslednei problemy i posvyashena stat'ya.

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto teorii tipa TeVeS mogut voznikat' v nekotoryh variantah teorii strun. Takzhe avtory obsuzhdayut, kak neitrino mogut igrat' rol' v poyavlenii temnoi energii.

    Takzhe otmechu, chto na pervoi stranicy privedeno ochen' udachnoe, kak mne pokazalos', opisanie TeVeS.


    astro-ph/0703556 Anizotropiya postoyannoi Habbla po dannym proekta Kosmicheskogo teleskopa po vnegalakticheskim rasstoyaniyam (Anisotropy in the Hubble constant as observed in the HST Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project results)
    Authors: M. L. McClure, C. C. Dyer
    Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures, to be published in New Astronomy

    Skazhu srazu, na moi vzglyad, rezul'tat nuzhdaetsya v proverke i podtverzhdenii. Krome togo, eto imenno nablyudatel'nyi rezul'tat. Vopros o ego interpretacii - eto voobshe otdel'noe delo.

    Itak, avtory obnaruzhili anizotropiyu v rasshirenii vselennoi. Konkretno, obnaruzheny variacii postoyannoi Habbla na urovne 9 km/s/Mpk na masshtabah 10-20 gradusov. Rezul'tat poluchen po galaktikam, nahodyashimsya dal'she nashego sverhskopleniya. (Vnutri nashego sverhskopleniya anizotropiya, konechno, tozhe est', no tut eto vse estestvenno i ozhidaemo).

    V zaklyuchenii stat'i avtory podcherkivayut, chto voobshe govorya, takaya anizotropiya - eto takzhe ozhidaemyi rezul'tat. Esli ona i vpryam' sushestvuet na urovne poryadka 10 km/s/Mpk, to eto ob'yasnyaet, pochemu raznye proekty ne mogut "dogovorit'sya" o znachenii postoyannoi Habbla na tom zhe urovne tochnosti.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    obzor astro-ph/0703730 Fizika reliktovogo fona (Why CMB physics?)
    Authors: Massimo Giovannini
    Comments: 179 pages, 27 figures

    Obrazovanie v raznyh stranah ustroeno po-raznomu. U nas aspiranty poka kak pravilo "proslushivayut" nekii filosofskii kurs, podtyagivayut angliiskii (kotorym k aspiranture pora by vladet' horosho) - i vse. Seichas obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, ne nuzhno li aspirantam chitat' special'nye kursy. Koe-gde ih uzhe i chitayut. Chitayut ih i v drugih stranah, naprimer v Italii.

    Odnako, chitat' - malo. Horosho by oformlyat' lecture notes i vykladyvat' ih v dostupnoe mesto. Imenno tak i postupil Massimo Dzhiovannini so svoim kursom po fizike reliktovogo izlucheniya.


    astro-ph/0703751 Zametka o kosmologicheskih teoriyah s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta (Note on Varying Speed of Light Cosmologies)
    Authors: George F R Ellis
    Comments: 6 pages; to appear in the GRG Journal

    Korotkaya zametka, soderzhashaya nekotoryi obshii podhod k kritike kosmologicheskih teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta. Avtor ukazyvaet nekotorye klyuchevye voprosy, na kotorye chetko dolzhna otvechat' lyubaya teoriya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta:
    1. Kak v teorii vyglyadit procedura izmereniya rasstoyanii?
    2. Kak v teorii opisyvaetsya sobstvennoe vremya (t.e., kak izmereniya vremeni i koordinat svyazany s metrikoi)?
    3. Vsyakaya teoriya, v kotoroi izmenyaetsya predel'naya skorost', yavlyaetsya ne lorenc-invariantnoi. Znachit, nado chetko opisyvat', chto poluchaetsya vzamen.
    4. Teoriya, v kotoroi skorost' fotonov peremenna, dolzhna predlozhit' al'ternativu uravneniyam Maksvella.
    5. Nakonec, teoriya dolzhna chetko demonstrirovat' svoyu soglasovannost', chtoby skorost' sveta odinakovym obrazom vela sebya v raznyh uravneniyah. T.e., nel'zya ogranichivat'sya rassmotreniem kakih-to otdel'nyh effektov.


    Vypusk 151. 01-09 marta 2007

    hep-th/0703154 Novaya ekpiroticheskaya kosmologiya (New Ekpyrotic Cosmology)
    Authors: Evgeny I. Buchbinder, Justin Khoury, Burt A. Ovrut
    Comments: 40 pages, 4 figures.

    Predstavlena novaya model' rannei vselennoi k ramkah ekpiroticheskogo scenariya.


    obzor hep-th/0703055 Teoriya strun i kosmologiya do bol'shogo vzryva (String Theory and Pre-big bang Cosmology)
    Authors: M. Gasperini, G. Veneziano
    Comments: 29 pages, three figures. Contribution to the book: "Beyond the Big Bang", ed. by Ruediger Vaas (Frontier Collection Series, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2007)

    Polupopulyarnyi tekst, posvyashennyi osobennostyam modelei kosmologii rannei vselennoi v ramkah teorii strun.


    Vypusk 149. 01-14 fevralya 2007

    korotkoe esse astro-ph/0702010 Zarisovka karkasa Vselennoi (Universe's Skeleton Sketched)
    Authors: Eric V. Linder
    Comments: News & Views, Nature 445, 273 (2007)

    Navernoe v ideale tak dolzhny vyglyadet' vse soobsheniya v obzorah. Kak izvestno, Nature v kazhdom nomere publikuet populyarnoe korotkoe izlozhenie (s kommentariyami) vazhnyh rezul'tatov, opublikovannyh v tom zhe nomere. V dannom sluchae rech' idet o rezul'tatah proekta COSMOS. Ne budu pereskazyvat' soderzhanie, tem bolee chto tam vsego odna stranica. Sut' v tom, chto kosmologi poluchayut vse bolee i bolee tochnye karty raspredeleniya temnogo veshestva vo vselennoi, chto ne mozhet ne radovat'.


    astro-ph/0702146 Skoplenie 1E 0657-558 - ukazaniya na Modificirovannuyu gravitaciyu v otsutstvii temnoi materii (The Bullet Cluster 1E 0657-558 evidence shows Modified Gravity in the absence of Dark Matter)
    Authors: J. R. Brownstein, J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 25 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables

    Avtory opyat' pytayutsya pokazat', chto dannye po stalkivayushimsya skopleniyam galaktik mozhno interpretirovat' bez gipotezy o temnom veshestve.

    Ya dumayu, chto argumenty avtorov ne verny, i tem ne menee, stat'ya dostatochno polezna, poskol'ku napisana ochen' kvalificirovannymi uchenymi i po delu. T.o., eto horoshaya illyustraciya togo, kak neprosto delat' sovremennuyu astrofiziku, gde u nas v rukah est' tol'ko dannye nablyudenii, kotorye nuzhno kak-to interpretirovat'.


    obzor hep-ph/0702051 Kandidaty v temnuyu materiyu: kakie holodnye... a kakie ne ochen' (Dark Matter Candidates: What Cold, ..and What's Not)
    Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
    Comments: 6 pages, Invited Review talk, Neutrino 2006.

    Korotkii i, na moi vgzlyad, ochen' tolkovyi obzor po kandidatam v temnuyu materiyu. Kompaktno i yasno izlozheno, kakie chatsicy mogut yavlyat'sya horoshimi kandidatami, a kakie - net (i pochemu).


    populyarnaya stat'ya astro-ph/0702298 Nedostayushie stranicy v fotoal'bome o mladenchestve nashei vselennoi (Missing Pages in Our Photo Album of the Infant Universe)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 7 pages, Popular level review, to appear in "Physica Plus" magazine, Vol. 8; a modified version with original artwork appeared in Scientific American, 295, 46, 2006

    Stat'ya posvyashena "temnomu periodu" v zhizni vselennoi. Eta epoha sootvetstvuet promezhutku mezhdu epohoi rekombinacii (o kotoroi my znaem blagodarya izucheniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya) i vremenem poyavleniya pervyh galaktik.


    obzor hep-th/0702059 Ob inflyacii v teorii strun (On Inflation in String Theory)
    Authors: Renata Kallosh
    Comments: 38 pages, 8 figures. Based on an invited talk at "Inflation + 25", 22nd IAP Colloquim, Paris (June 2006). To be published in the Proceedings (Springer Lecture Notes, 2007)

    Podrobnyi (i dovol'no ponyatnyi) obzor, posvyashennyi zayavlennoi tematike.


    astro-ph/0702333 Kosmicheskii dekonstrukcionizm (Cosmic Deconstructionism)
    Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss, Glenn D. Starkman
    Comments: 4 pages

    Esli temnaya materiya sostoit iz slabovzaimodeistvuyushih chastic (WIMP), to eti chasticy annigiliruyut drug s drugom (estestvenno, chasticy i antichasticy). T.o., v otdalennom budushem temnoi materii budet stanovit'sya men'she. Eto mozhet vliyat' na svoistva ryada ob'ektov, naprimer, na karlikovye sputniki galaktik. Harakter etogo vliyaniya i obsuzhdaetsya avtorami.

    Razumeetsya, vremya, kogda takoi process stanet dinamicheski vazhnym, chudovishno veliko (zavedomo posle 2008 goda). Krome togo, esli est' temnaya energiya tipa lyambda-chlena, to i bez annigilyacii temnoi materii vse razletitsya. Tem ne menee, ne lishne znat', chto v tom sluchae, esli v budushem materiya opyat' stanet dominirovat' (naprimer, vklad temnoi energii budet umen'shat'sya), to vse ravno budushee (dazhe bez temnoi materii i temnoi energii) ne takoe uzh i svetloe. Skopleniya galaktik raspadutsya, sputniki galaktik razletyatsya, a vse iz-za annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0702350 Antiveshestvo v Mlechnom Puti (Antimatter in the Milky Way)
    Authors: C. Bambi, A.D. Dolgov
    Comments: 12 pages, no figures

    Avtory rassmatrivayut vozmozhnye nablyudatel'nye proyavleniya ob'ektov iz antiveshestva v nashei Galaktike.

    Yasno, chto kogda my govorim ob otsutstvii antiveshestva, my imeem vvidu, chto ego "men'she, chem nekotoroe kolichestvo, kotoroe uzhe zametili by". Zametili by, veroyatnee vsego, po gamma-izlucheniyu, voznikayushemu v rezul'tate annigilyacii. Tak chto, kak eto chasto byvaet, my "nikogda ne govorim nikogda", a prosto stavim verhnie predely.

    S nablyudatel'noi tochki zreniya situaciya seichas horoshaya: est' ser'eznye gamma-teleskopy, v samom skorom vremeni poletyat gamma-observatorii GLAST i AGILE, seichas na orbite rabotaet eksperiment PAMELA, prednaznachennyi dlya poiska antiyader, skoro dolzhen byt' zapushen AMS. AMS - eto eshe bolee krupnyi, chem PAMELA magnitnyi spektrometr, kotoryi dolzhny ustanovit' na MKS. No, poskol'ku ves' grafik MKS sbilsya, vvod v stroi AMS vse vremya otkladyvaetsya. T.o., v blizhaishem budushem mozhno ozhidat' kakih-to otkrytii, ili, skoree vsego, eshe bolee zhestkih predelov.

    Rezyume avtorov, estestvenno, ne soderzhit nikakih zhestkih utverzhdenii. V Galaktike est' mesto dlya nekotorogo kolichestva ob'ektov iz antiveshestva. Odnako poka nikakih sil'nyh argumentov v pol'zu ih sushestvovaniya net, a nablyudeniya dayut vse bolee strogie verhnie predely.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    Vypusk 148. 13-31 yanvarya 2007

    obzor astro-ph/0701848 Modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya dinamika - MOND- i ee primeneniya dlya novoi fiziki (The modified Newtonian dynamics-MOND-and its implications for new physics)
    Authors: Jacob D. Bekenstein
    Comments: Pedagogical introduction to MOND and review of modern developments. To appear shortly in Contemporary Physics; LaTeX with 6 figures, 15 pages

    Pozhalui, imenno blagodarya rabotam (i avtoritetu) Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya gravitaciya stala v poslednie gody ves'ma populyarnoi, tochnee rech' idet o podhode, predlozhennom samim Bekenshteinom i nazyvaemom TeVeS.

    V stat'e daetsya pdrobnyi i v meru dostupnyi obzor vo vsyu etu tematiku. Vsem interesuyushimsya nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    Vypusk 147. 22 dekabrya 2006-12 yanvarya 2007

    astro-ph/0612743 Kosmologicheskie parametry 2006 (Cosmological Parameters 2006)
    Authors: Ariel G. Sanchez, Carlton M. Baugh
    Comments: To appear in Astronomical Society of The Pacific conference series: Cosmic Frontiers

    Zagolovok obmanchiv: rech' ne idet o bol'shom obzore, posvyashennom poslednim dannym po kosmologii. Avtory lish' predstavlyayut rezul'taty sobstvennogo sovmestnogo analiza dannyh po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. V osnovnom ispol'zovany dannye WMAP3 i 2dFGRS, hotya dannye po reliktu dopolneny za schet drugih eksperimentov. Interesno, chto, esli zamenit' dannye 2dFGRS na dannye SDSS, to rezul'tat sushestvenno plyvet. Po mneniyu avtorov eto svyazano s tem, chto v Sloanovskom obzore v r-fil'tre nablyudayutsya v osnovnom sil'no skuchennye krasnye galaktiki. Tem ne menee, nikakoi sensacii net, parametry bolee-menee stabil'ny.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    obzor astro-ph/0612786 Sostoyanie i perspektivy pryamyh i kosvennyh poiskov temnoi materii (Status and perspectives of indirect and direct dark matter searches)
    Authors: Nicolao Fornengo
    Comments: 18 pages, 20 figures. Invited talk at the 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Beijing, China, 16-23 July 2006

    Dostatochno prostoi, no podrobnyi obzor po poiskam temnoi materii. Opisany kak pryamye (laboratornye) metody i proekty, tak i kosvennye (astronomicheskie) podhody. Privodyatsya poslednie dannye po verhnim predelam na svoistva chastic temnoi materii.


    obzor astro-ph/0701024 Nablyudeniya vselennoi na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Observations of the High Redshift Universe)
    Authors: Richard S Ellis
    Comments: To appear in irst Light in Universe', Saas-Fee Advanced Course 36, Swiss Soc. Astrophys. Astron. in press. 115 pages, 64 figures (see this http URL for hi-res figs.)

    Neskol'ko lekcii, posvyashennyh, v osnovnom, poslednim dannym po nablyudeniyam galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.


    Vypusk 146. 01-21 dekabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0612155 Eppur si espande (Eppur si espande)
    Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Stanislaw Bajtlik, Jean-Pierre Lasota, Audrey Moudens
    Comments: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Acta Astronomica

    V ocherednoi raz obsuzhdayutsya osnovy kosmologii, svyazannye s rasshireniem Vselennoi. Vsem sovetuyu prochest'.

    Sobstvenno, avtory ob'yasnyayut, kak mozhno razlichit' rasshirenie prostranstva ot razleta chastic "po prostranstvu". Avtory polagayut, chto im est' chto dobavit' k rassuzhdeniyam Tamary Devis (odnako ssylayutsya tol'ko na ee stat'yu v Scientific American, no ne ssylayutsya na ee raboty v astro-ph, a takzhe na stat'i drugih avtorov, v pervuyu ochered' Kianga. Ya zhe, pol'zuyas' sluchaem, soshlyus' na nashu stat'yu v "Vokrug sveta").

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    astro-ph/0612305 Obzor Evolyucii Vselennoi (COSMOS) (The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) -- Overview)
    Authors: N. Scoville et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 3 figures

    Stat'ya rasskazyvaet o proekte COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey). V ramkah dannogo issledovaniya izuchayutsya svoistva galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Ploshad' issleduemoi ploshadki sostavlyaet okolo 2 kvadratnyh gradusov. Nablyudeniya provodyatsya vo vseh diapazone: ot radio do zhestkogo rentgena.

    Podrobnee o proekte i ego rezul'tatah mozhno prochest' v soputstvuyushih stat'yah astro-ph/0612291, astro-ph/0612295, astro-ph/0612306, astro-ph/0612311, astro-ph/0612314 i dr. (proektu COSMOS posvyashen special'nyi vypusk Astrophysical Journal Supplements, poetomu razom v Arhive poyavilos' mnozhestvo statei).


    obzor hep-ph/0612129 Strunnaya kosmologiya (String Cosmology)
    Authors: James M. Cline
    Comments: 47 pages, 17 figures; based on lectures given at Sheffield University Summer Institute, June 2006, and Les Houches Ecole de Physique, August 2006

    Vvedenie v strunnuyu kosmologiyu. Nesmotrya na "vvodnost'" tekst taki dovol'no neprostoi.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0612337, posvyashennuyu blizkoi tematike.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0612565 Sostoyanie eksperimentov po pryamomu poisku slabovzaimodeistvuyushih chastic temnoi materii (Status of direct searches for WIMP dark matter)
    Authors: Richard W. Schnee
    Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Proceedings of SUSY06, the 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, UC Irvine, California, 12-17 June 2006

    Korotkii, no soderzhatel'nyi obzor po metodam pryamogo (laboratornogo) poiska chastic temnoi materii. Opisyvayutsya i konkretnye eksperimenty i ih rezul'taty.


    Vypusk 145. 11-30 noyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0611518 Peresmotr Osi zla (The Axis of Evil revisited)
    Authors: Kate Land, Joao Magueijo
    Comments: 5 pages, submitted to MNRAS

    Blagodarya gromkomu nazvaniyu pervaya rabota etih avtorov poluchila bol'shuyu izvestnost'. Rech' idet o poiskah vydelennyh napravlenii po dannym o reliktovom izluchenii. Nezavisimyi analiz ranee pokazal, chto pervonachal'nyi entuziazm pervootkryvatelei Osi byl chrezmernym. Odnako avtory ne sdayutsya i prodolzhayut nastaivat' na real'nosti poluchennyh imi rezul'tatov.


    obzor astro-ph/0611541 Fizika i rannyaya istoriya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (The Physics and Early History of the Intergalactic Medium)
    Authors: Rennan Barkana, Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 36 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics (Invited Review)

    Issledovaniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (MGS) ochen' vazhny, t.k. ona neset na sebe otpechatok rannei istorii vselennoi. Odnako MGS - ochen' slozhnyi ob'ekt dlya izucheniya. V obzore avtory summiruyut nashe znanie o MGS i rassuzhdayut o tom, chto i kak mozhno eshe uznat' izuchaya ee.

    Sm. takzhe astro-ph/0611637, gde obsuzhdaetsya vopros ob obogashenii MGS tyazhelymi elementami.


    obzor astro-ph/0611615 Neitronnye zvezdy i chernye dyry v zvezdnyh skopleniyah (Neutron Stars and Black Holes in Star Clusters)
    Authors: F. A. Rasio et al.
    Comments: 29 pages, proceedings of IAU JD06, to appear in Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 14, ed. K. A. van der Hucht

    Eto svoego roda obzor dokladov po astrofizike neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr v plotnyh zvezdnyh skopleniyah (v osnovnom, sharovyh), baziruyushiisya na priglashennyh dokladah na odnoi iz sessii general'noi assamblei MAS.


    Vypusk 144. 01-10 noyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0611265 XMM-Newton smotrit na MS0735+7421: samoi moshnoe aktivnoe yadro v skoplenii galaktik (XMM-Newton view of MS0735+7421: the most energetic AGN outburst in a galaxy cluster)
    Authors: Myriam Gitti et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of "Heating vs. Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies", August 2006, Garching (Germany)

    Zhelayushie pochitat' original'nyi material po etoi novosti priglashayutsya.

    Sut' tam takova, chto moshnoe aktivnoe yadro galaktiki vybrasyvaet strui dostatochnoi moshnosti, chtoby sushestvenno vliyat' na svoe okruzhenie v skoplenii galaktik.


    Vypusk 143. 18-31 oktyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0610773 Kvazary, gamma-vspleski i lacertidy (Quasars, Gamma Ray Bursters and BL Lacertids)
    Authors: Halton Arp
    Comments: 3 pages

    Ne stareyut dushoi veterany!

    Kak vse pomnyat, Berbidzhi i Arp aktivno protivostoyat standartnoi (i, kak ya dumayu, mozhno utverzhdat', vernoi) interpretacii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. No vot, zameshalis' eshe kakie-to gamma-vspleski. Tozhe bol'shie krasnye smesheniya u nih ... I ih tuda zhe! Skazhem, chto gamma-vspleski i porozhdayutsya kvazarami!

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    obzor hep-th/0610221 Brany i inflyaciya: vzglyad na teoriyu strun iz kosmosa (Brane Inflation : String Theory viewed from the Cosmos)
    Authors: S.-H. Henry Tye
    Comments: 29 pages, 8 figures. An introduction and review

    Ne slishkom navorochennyi obzor po inflyacii v strunnoi teorii. Teoriya mozhet i ne verna, no obzor polistat' mozhno.


    obzor astro-ph/0610906 Otchet rabochei gruppy ESA-ESO po fundamental'noi kosmologii (Report by the ESA-ESO Working Group on Fundamental Cosmology)
    Authors: John A. Peacock et al.
    Comments: ESA-ESO Working Groups Report No. 3, 132 pages, 28 figures. A printed version (A5 booklet) is available in limited numbers from the Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF): stdesk@eso.org

    Sovetuyu prochest' etot tekst, hotya on i bol'shoi. Po-krainei mere, ya ego uzhe raspechatal. On soderdit v sebe dostatochno polnyi obzor sovremennoi kosmologii, a takzhe spisok osnovnyh problem, opisanie metodov ih vozmozhnogo resheniya. Razumeetsya, ne oboideny vnimanie budushie krupnye proekty v nablyudatel'noi kosmologii.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    Vypusk 142. 01-18 oktyabrya 2006

    obzor astro-ph/0610026 Rekonstruirovanie temnoi energii (Reconstructing Dark Energy)
    Authors: Varun Sahni, Alexei Starobinsky
    Comments: 27 pages, 7 figures; Invited review for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style

    V nastoyashee vremya temnaya energiya igraet klyuchevuyu rol' v dinamike rasshireniya Vselennoi. Odnako tak bylo ne vsegda.

    Nablyudeniya uzhe, v principe, pozvolyayut sdelat' nekotorye vyvody o povedenii temnoi energii v proshlom. Rekonstrukcii istorii temnoi energii i posvyashen dannyi obzor.

    Na moi vzglyad, obzor napisan dostatochno ponyatno, ne zaumno. T.o., on mozhet byt' polezen ne tol'ko uzkim specialistam, no i vsem, kto na dostatochno vysokom urovne interesuetsya sovremennoi kosmologiei.


    obzor astro-ph/0610162 Anizotropiya reliktovogo fona: spektr moshnosti i dalee (Cosmic Microwave background anisotropies: the power spectrum and beyond)
    Authors: Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez
    Comments: 42 pages, 14 figures

    Obzor po anizotropii reliktovogo fona. Ochen' aktual'no v svyazi s vrucheniem nobelya za COBE. Otmechu, chto v obzore net ssylok na rezul'taty "Relikta", chto nekorrektno.


    astro-ph/0610330 V chem problema s antropnym podhodom? (What's the troble with anthropic reasoning?)
    Authors: Roberto Trotta, Glenn Starkman
    Comments: 8 pages

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto ob'yasnit' nablyudaemoe znachenie kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v antropnom podhode ne udaetsya.

    Drugaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya antropnomu principu, poyavilas' v hep-th. V nei entuziast antropnogo podhoda polemiziruet so skeptikami.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    Vypusk 141. 15-30 sentyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0609516 Precizionnoe izuchenie temnoi energii na LSST (recision Studies of Dark Energy with LSST)
    Authors: J. Anthony Tyson, for the LSST Collaboration
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at CIPANP 2006, 9th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics, May 30-June 3, 2006, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico

    LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) nachnet svob rabotu v 2013 godu. Eto nazemnyi vos'mimetrovyi teleskop s bol'shim polem zreniya. Kak i u vseh instrumentov etogo tipa (nachinaya s 8-mi santimetrovyh) spisok ego zadach ves'ma shirok: ot malyh tel solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. V dannoi stat'e rech' idet imenno o poslednei.

    Nablyudeniya mnozhestva slabyh galaktik pozvolyat poluchit' vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Eto, v svoyu ochered', pozvolit luchshe ponyat' svoistva temnoi materii i temnoi energii.


    astro-ph/0609593 Kosmologicheskii kal'kulyator v Seti (A Cosmology Calculator for the World Wide Web)
    Authors: Edward L. Wright
    Comments: 8 pages with 1 included figure.

    Opisan poleznyi setevoi resurs, pozvolyayushii pereschityvat' raznye populyarnye velichiny drug v druga dlya raznyh kosmologicheskih parametrov. Vse sovetuyu prochest' i poigrat'sya.

    Kosmologicheskii kal'kulyator
    Vremya "puteshestviya" svetovogo lucha
    Prodvinutaya versiya kal'kulyatora.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    miniobzor gr-qc/0607006 Priklyucheniya prostranstva-vremeni (The adventures of Spacetime)
    Authors: Orfeu Bertolami
    Comments: Chapter in the book Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World to be published in the Springer series Fundamental Theories of Physics. Volume Editor: Vesselin Petkov. 18 pages plus macros; updated references

    Interesnoe chtenie dlya teh, kto ser'ezno interesuetsya sovremennym sostoyaniem izucheniya svoistv prostranstva-vremeni. Stat'ya nachinaetsya s istoricheskogo vvedeniya, no dazhe ono uzhe soderzhit formuly. Tak chto eto ne legkoe chtivo. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno sovremennym rabotam, sootvetstvenno, daetsya dostatochno mnogo ssylok.


    Vypusk 140. 01-15 sentyabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0609002 Evolyucioniruet li edinaya model' AYaG s krasnym smesheniem? Ispol'zovanie rentgenovsokgo fona dlya predskazaniya IK izlucheniya AYaG (Does the AGN Unified Model Evolve with Redshift? Utilizing the X-ray Background to Predict the Mid-Infrared Emission of AGN)
    Authors: D.R. Ballantyne et al.
    Comments: 27 pages, 17 figures (12 in color), accepted by the ApJ

    Rentgenovskii fon sozdaetsya v osnovnom vnegalakticheskimi istochnikami - aktivnymi yadrami galaktik (AYaG). Eti ob'ekty aktivno izuchayutsya metodom populyacionnogo sinteza. V osnove lezhit t.n. edinaya model', v kotoroi raznica mezhdu raznymi AYaG ob'yasnyaetsya v osnovnom massoi chernoi dyry. A dlya opisaniya razlichnyh nablyudatel'nyh proyavlenii ispol'zuyutsya effekty orientacii: smotrim li my perpendikulyarno pogloshayushemu toru vokrug chernoi dyry, ili zhe luch zreniya lezhit vblizi ploskosti tora i t.p.

    V standartnoi edinoi modeli v nulevom priblizhenii schitaetsya, chto parametry AYaG ne evolyucioniruyut so vremenem. Odnako yasno, chto evolyuciya dolzhna byt', i v modifikaciyah modeli ee kak-to pytayutsya uchityvat'. V svoei stat'e avtory delayut sleduyushee. Oni ispol'zuyu dannye populyacionnogo modelirovaniya rentgenovskogo fona dlya predskazaniya svetimostei v infrakrasnom diapazone. Zatem rezul'taty sravnivayutsya s dannymi, poluchennymi na Spitcere. Avtory polagayut, chto imenno sravnenie raschetov s dannymi Spitcera pozvolit nalozhit' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na modeli evolyucii torov vokrug chernyh dyr v AYaG.


    astro-ph/0609005 Evolyuciya tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya ot z=5 do z=0 po dannym glubokogo obzora VIMOS VLT (The cosmic star formation rate evolution from z=5 to z=0 from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey)
    Authors: L. Tresse et al.
    Comments: Submited to A&A, 20 pages, 12 figures

    Po dannym o pochti 12 000 spektrah galaktik avtory vosstanavlivayut povedenie tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya dlya epohi ot krasnogo smesheniya 5 do nashego vremeni. Avtory vydelyayut neskol'ko epoh s raznoi evolyuciei tempa zvezdoobrazovaniem (otmechu, chto rech' idet o nablyudeniyah na dvuh ploshadkah v dvuh napravleniyah).


    Pokazano izmenenie tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya so vremenem. Novye dannye, opisannye v stat'e pokazany krasnymi kruzhkami.



    astro-ph/0609125 O zakone tyagoteniya, masse neitrino i dokazatel'stve sushestvovaniya temnoi materii (On the Law of Gravity, the Mass of Neutrinos and the Proof of Dark Matter)
    Authors: Garry W. Angus et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure

    Avtory anliziruyut dannye po stalkivayushimsya skopleniyam v ramkah standartnoi OTO i MOND. Pokazano, chto temnaya materiya neobhodima. No takoi zhe vyvod mozhno sdelat' i po drugim dannym o skopleniyah, a takzhe po dannym o reliktovom izluchenii. Minimal'nym kompromissom dlya priemlemosti MOND yavlaetsya dobavlenie neitrino s massoi poryadka 2 eV. T.e. narod pytaetsya ob'yasnit' dannye bez "ekzoticheskoi temnoi materii" (neitralino i t.p.), no v ramkah MOND.

    O perspektivah pryamogo poiska chastic temnoi materii v laboratoriyah i ob ih svyazi s budushimi ukoritel'nymi eksperimentami mozhno pochitat' zdes': astro-ph/0609126.


    Vypusk 139. 01-31 avgusta 2006

    astro-ph/0608407 Pryamoe empiricheskoe dokazatel'stvo sushestvovaniya temnoi materii (A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter)
    Authors: Douglas Clowe et al.
    Comments: Accepted for publication in ApJL

    Zagolovok zvuchit kak zayavka na nobelevku.... Novost' uzhe neskol'ko dnei mussiruetsya v SMI. Populyarnoe izlozhenie legko naiti v Seti, nachat' luchshe s press-reliza NASA.

    V stat'e predstavleny nablyudeniya na teleskope im. Habbla, provedennye s cel'yu vosstanovleniya raspredeleniya massy v skoplenii metodom slabogo linzirovaniya.

    Eta stat'ya soprovozhdaetsya rabotoi toi zhe gruppy avtorov, posvyashennoi tomu zhe skopleniyu: astro-ph/0608408.

    Detal'noe opisanie rezul'tatov ya postarayus' dat' v ocherednoi ANKe.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0608450 Pervye zvezdy vo Vselennoi i kosmicheskaya reionizaciya (The First Stars in the Universe and Cosmic Reionization)
    Authors: Rennan Barkana
    Comments: 8 Latex pages, 3 Figures, Science, 313 (2006) 931-934, Invited Review

    Tradicionno v Science publikuyutsya dostatochno populyarnye, no pri etom vpolne strogie obzory aktual'nyh problem. Etot posvyashen poyavleniyu pervyh zvezd vo Vselennoi i ih roli v reionizacii veshestva na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka 10-20.


    astro-ph/0608675 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie v modificirovannoi gravitacii i linzirovanie na slivayushihsya skopleniyah bez temnogo veshestva (Gravitational Lensing in Modified Gravity and the Lensing of Merging Clusters without Dark Matter)
    Authors: J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 8 pages, one figure

    Razumeetsya, posle rassmotrennogo vyshe rezul'tata po raspredeleniyu massy v slivayushemsya skoplenii galaktik storonniki modificirovannoi gravitacii brosilis' na zashitu svoih pozicii.

    Avtor pokazyvaet, chto vsyakie MOND-teorii v samom dele okazyvayutsya zakrytymi, no vot predlozhennaya samim Moffatom MOG-teoriya mozhet ob'yasnit' nablyudaemye dannye. Chudny dela tvoi, Gospodi!.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0608681


    Vypusk 138. 01-31 iyulya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0607066 Nablyudaya temnuyu storonu (Surveying the dark side)
    Authors: Roberto Trotta, Richard Bower
    Comments: 9 pages, no figures. Review article to appear in "Astronomy and Geophyiscs"

    Hotya Monti Paiton v lice Braiana i prizyvali nas smotret' na svetluyu storonu zhizni, tem ne menee nado pomnit' i o temnoi storone...

    Odnako ne stoit toropit'sya delat' mrachnoe lico, v dannom sluchae rech' idet vsego lish' ob issledovanii temnoi energii. Avtory dayut detal'nyi obzor tipov nablyudenii, kotorye mogut dat' kakuyu-to vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah etogo komponenta vselennoi. Takzhe rassmatrivayutsya konkretnye proekty, kotorye v blizhaishee vremya dolzhny prolit' svet na temnuyu storonu.

    See you on the dark side of the Moon.

    And there is no dark side of the Moon really.


    astro-ph/0607632 Habblovskoe ul'traglubokoe pole (The Hubble Ultra Deep Field)
    Authors: Steven V. W. Beckwith, et al.
    Comments: 44 pages, 18 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journal October 2006

    Predstavleny rezul'taty glubokogo snimka, poluchennogo na Kosmicheskom teleskope. Ekspoziciya sostavila odin million sekund! Nablyudalas' ploshadka ploshad'yu vsego lish' 11 kvadratnyh uglovyh minut. Predel'naya zvezdnaya velichina primerno ravna 29. Sostavlen katalog primerno 10 000 ob'ektov.


    Vypusk 137. 16 iyunya - 30 iyunya 2006

    astro-ph/0606643 Kosmologicheskaya nauka i Planck (Cosmological science enabled by Planck)
    Authors: Martin White
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the UC Irvine conference on cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization anisotropies

    Dostatochno populyarno opisyvaetsya, kakuyu nauku mozhno budet delat', kogda budet rabotat' sputnik Planck. Estestvennym obrazom stat'ya vklyuchaet v sebya kak by kratkii kurs po kosmologii, t.k. prihoditsya govorit' o raznyh parametrah i modelyah.


    Vypusk 136. 01 iyunya - 15 iyunya 2006

    astro-ph/0606278 BICEP: shirokougol'nyi bolometricheskii polyarimetr dlya reliktovogo izlucheniya (The Robinson Gravitational Wave Background Telescope (BICEP): a bolometric large angular scale CMB polarimeter)
    Authors: K. W. Yoon et al.
    Comments: 18 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy III, Proceedings of SPIE, 6275, 2006

    Polyarizaciyu reliktovogo fona budut izmeryat' na sputnike Plank. No do ego zapuska raznye gruppy stremyatsya poluchit' maksimum s pomosh'yu nazemnyh ustanovok.

    Vot doklad o pervyh rezul'tatah s odnoi iz nih. Eto The Robinson Gravitational Wave Background Telescope (BICEP). On nachal svoyu rabotu v Antarktide. Konechno, "Plank", esli vse budet po planu, poluchit bolee detal'nuyu kartinu. Tem ne menee, ochen' vazhno, chtoby rabotali i ustanovki, podobnye BICEP.


    Vypusk 135. 22 aprelya - 31 maya 2006

    kommentarii astro-ph/0604448 Astronomiya: trudnosti s pervym svetom (Astronomy: Trouble at first light)
    Authors: Piero Madau
    Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, Nature News and Views on Aharonian et al. 2006, Nature, 440, 1018-1021. Journal-ref: Nature 440 (2006), 1002-1003

    Eto ne original'naya stat'ya, a dovol'no interesnoe esse iz razryada teh, chto tak lyubyat publikovat' v Nature. Posvyasheno ono tomu, chto nablyudateli do sih por ne mogut dat' chetkogo otveta o tom, kak svetili samye pervye zvezdy.


    obzor astro-ph/0604561 Krupnomasshtabnaya struktura Vselennoi (The large-scale structure of the Universe)
    Authors: Volker Springel et al.
    Comments: Invited review to Nature , 2006, 440, 1137

    Obzor po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. My privykli, chto esli Nature - to obzor korotkii, no tut drugoe delo. 34 stranicy.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0605242 Krizis energii vakuuma (The vacuum energy crisis)
    Authors: Alexander Vilenkin
    Comments: 4 pages, no figures; invited "perspective" article in "Science" (4 May 2006)

    Vopros ob ob'yasnenii velichiny kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi trevozhit uchenyh. Dlya mnogih vedushih fizikov-teoretikov eto vopros nomer odin. Dannaya korotkaya zametka posvyashena kriticheskomu analizu idei Shteinharda i Turoka, a takzhe antropnomu razresheniyu voprosa.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0605378 Kakova rol' neitrino vo Vselennoi? (What is the Role of Neutrinos in Shaping the Universe?)
    Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
    Comments: 10 pages. Invited review lecture, International Workshop on NO-VE, Venice, 2006

    Poskol'ku seichas standartnaya model' eto "lyambda-SiDiEm", t.e. holodnaya temnaya materiya s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, to o neitrino kosmologi kak-to stali zabyvat'. V obzore opisyvaetsya pochemu eto vse-taki ne stoit delat'.


    astro-ph/0605709 Skol'ko dolzhno byt' vselennyh? (How Many Universes Do There Need To Be?)
    Authors: Douglas Scott, J.P. Zibin
    Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure

    Dannye nablyudenii govoryat o tom, chto krivizna nashei vselennoi mala. Eto oznachaet, chto za nashim gorizontom chastic vse ne zakanchivaetsya i, bolee togo, "vneshnii" ob'em prevoshodit "vnutrennii". Mozhno, osnovyvayas' na nablyudatel'nyh dannyh (prezhde vsego rech' idet o nablyudeniyah reliktovogo fona, t.e. o dannyh WMAP), dat' nizhnii predel na "vneshnii" ob'em. S uchetom neopredelennostei sovremennyh dannyh "vneshnii" ob'em prevoshodit "vnutrennii" kak minimum na poryadok.


    Vypusk 134. 12-21 aprelya 2006

    astro-ph/0604242 Nablyudatel'nyi test dlya antropnogo proishozhdeniya kosmologicheskoi konstanty (An Observational Test for the Anthropic Origin of the Cosmological Constant)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 5 pages, submitted to JCAP

    Antropnoe ob'yasnenie velichiny kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi sostoit v tom, chto iz vsego mnogoobraziya variantov velichiny etogo parametra, dostupnogo v mul'tiverse, zhizn' mozhet poyavit'sya lish' v teh vselennyh, v kotoryh postoyannaya popadaet v ochen' uzkii diapazon (razumeetsya, vblizi znacheniya kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v nashei vselennoi). Razumeetsya, drugie vselennye dlya nas nedostupny, poetomu proverit' takoe ob'yasnenie dovol'no trudno. Arbaham Loeb schitaet, chto emu, tem ne menee, udalos' pridumat', kak takuyu proverku mozhno osushestvit'.

    Ideya sostoit vot v chem. Esli planetnye sistemy mogli voznikat' na z poryadka 10, to eto oznachaet, chto planetnye sistemy mogut voznikat' vo vselennyh, gde kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya v tysyachu raz otlichaetsya ot nashei. V sluchae, esli udast'sya pokazat', chto v zvezdnyh sistemah, voznikshih na takih bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, est' planety, to, polagaet Loeb, po antropnoi argumentacii budet nanesen ser'eznyi udar.

    Konechno, uvidet' svidetel'stva sushestvovaniya planet na z=10 seichas nel'zya. No mozhno poiskat' ih v staryh sistemah, naprimer, v staryh sharovyh skopleniyah i karlikovyh galaktikah. Eto mozhno sdelat', naprimer, s pomosh'yu mikrolinzirovaniyu.

    Na moi vzglyad, takoi podhod, v sluchae obnaruzheniya planet, ne smozhet ser'ezno pokolebat' ryady storonnikov antropnogo ob'yasneniya. Vo-pervyh, kak verno pishet Lakatos, tak prosto issledovatel'skuyu programmu ne zadushish', ne ub'esh'. Vo-vtoryh, vyvod Loeba o tom, chto v sluchae obnaruzheniya takih planet mozhno umen'shit' veroyatnost' antropnogo ob'yasneniya do 0.1 procenta, osnovan na ryade predpolozhenii, kotorye mogut i ne vypolnyat'sya.
    1. Nalichie planet eshe nichego ne govorit o nalichii zhizni.
    2. Vazhno ocenit' kolichestvo civilizacii i prodolzhitel'nost' ih sushestvovaniya.


    astro-ph/0604346 Proverka soosnosti dlya nizkih mul'tipolei reliktovogo fona (Alignment Tests for low CMB multipoles)
    Authors: L. Raul Abramo et al.
    Comments: 12 Pages, 6 Figures.

    Vse pomnyat nashumevshuyu ideyu ob osi zla, kotoraya nikak ne svyazana s politikoi. Termin byl predlozhen v rabote astro-h/0502237, i stal ochen' populyarnym (hotya specialisty i somnevalis' v tom, chto effekt imeet otnoshenie k samomu reliktovomu fonu, a ne k vkladu kakih-to drugih effektov).

    Sut' "osi zla" sostoit v soosnosti dipolya i oktupolya. V dannoi stat'e avtory issledovali nalichie soosnosti mezhdu razlichnymi mul'tipolyami. Pervyi rezul'tat sostoit v tom, chto net soosnosti vysokih mul'tipolei s napravleniem, zadavaemym dipolem. Takzhe net soosnosti s napravleniyami, zadavaemymi Galaktikoi i ekliptikoi. Zatem avtory podtverzhdayut izvestnuyu soosnost' mezhdu kvadrupolem i oktupolem. Obnaruzheny i nekotorye drugie sovpadeniya. Avtory delayut vyvod, chto dannye treh let WMAP podtverzhdayut nalichie vydelennyh napravlenii.

    Otmechu, chto analiz kart mikrovolnovogo fona - delo neprostoe. Poetomu okonchatel'nye vyvody delat' poka rano. Vozderzhivayutsya ot nih i sami avtory.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0604410, v kotoroi takzhe rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob "osi zla" i t.p.


    obzor gr-qc/0604062 Energiya vakuuma: mify i real'nost' (Vacuum Energy: Myths and Reality)
    Authors: G.E. Volovik
    Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures, prepared for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style

    Vazhnyi obzor. Ved' vazhno ne prosto pisat' o tom, chto horosho znaesh', no eshe i kritikovat' nevernye ustoyavshiesya uprosheniya, mify i t.p. Odnako, polagayu, chto tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo, i mnogie analogii svoistv vakuuma s povedeniem kvantovyh zhidkostei mogut byt' osporeny.


    Vypusk 133. 01-11 aprelya 2006

    astro-ph/0604038 Modelirovanie metodom mnogih tel v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii (N-Body Simulations of Alternate Gravity Models)
    Authors: Hans F. Stabenau, Bhuvnesh Jain
    Comments: 21 pages, 8 figures

    Ochevidno, chto v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii obrazovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury budet idti ne sovsem tak, kak v standartnoi teorii. Vopros v tom "naskol'ko ne tak" i mozhno li eto uvidet' v nablyudeniyah. Avtory provodyat chislennyi schet, v kotorom gravitaciyu "podkrutili". Pokazano, chto analiz trehmernogo raspredeleniya galaktik mozhet pomoch' proverit' nekotorye iz predlagaemyh podhodov.

    O svyazi al'ternativnyh teorii i kosmologii sm. takzhe astro-ph/0604055. Tam rech' idet o tom, kak teoriya Bransa-Dikke mozhet reshit' problemu temnoi materii (hotya, kazhetsya, chto stat'ya nepravil'naya).


    kniga astro-ph/0604069 Nauchnaya programma "Planka" (The Scientific Programme of Planck)
    Authors: The Planck Collaboration
    Comments: 152 pages

    Kniga, posvyashennaya nauchnoi programme sputnika "Plank".

    Kniga soderzhit tehnicheskoe opisanie sputnika, nekotorye osnovy, neobhodimye dlya ponimaniya suti nauchnoi programmy, i, nakonec, sami nauchnye zadachi, kotorye sputnik budet reshat'.

    Vozmozhno, chto mnogim budet nebezinteresno posmotret', kakie eshe zadachi, krome issledovaniya reliktovogo izlucheniya, stavyatsya pered etim proektom.


    Vypusk 132. 22-31 marta 2006

    astro-ph/0603647 Postoyannaya Habbla: itog programmy na Kosmicheskom teleskope po kalibrovke svetimosti sverhnovyh tipa Ia po cefeidam (The Hubble Constant: A Summary of the HST Program for the Luminosity Calibration of Type Ia Supernovae by Means of Cepheids)
    Authors: A. Sandage et al.
    Comments: 52 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

    Podvoditsya itog 15-tiletnei programmy po utochneniyu postoyannoi Habbla. Osnova raboty - utochnenie svetimosti sverhnovyh tipa Ia na osnove dannyh po cefeidam. T.e., po cefeidam ocenivaetsya rasstoyanie do galaktiki, v kotoroi vidna sverhnovaya. Eto pozvolyaet opredelit' svetimost' sverhnovoi. Zatem rasstoyaniya do dalekih galaktik s izvestnym krasnym smesheniem (v kotoryh cefeidy uzhe ne vidny iz-za bol'shogo rasstoyaniya) opredelyaetsya po nablyudaemym v nih sverhnovym tipa Ia.

    Sobstvenno, teleskom im. Habbla byl nuzhen kak raz dlya izucheniya cefeid v otnositel'no blizkih galaktikah, v kotoryh byli zaregistrirovany vspyshki sverhnovyh etogo tipa. Napomnyu, chto takie sverhnovye ispol'zuyut v kachestve t.n. "standartnoi svechi". Imenno po nim vpervye byli polucheny rezul'taty, pozvolyayushie govorit' ob uskorenii rasshireniya vselennoi.

    Itog raboty takov: postoyannaya Habbla ravna 62.3 km/s/Mpk +/- 5 km/s/Mpk (sistematicheskaya oshibka) +/- 1.3 km/s/Mpk ("sluchainaya" oshibka, svyazannaya s konechnoi statistikoi). Nekotorye izmeneniya vozmozhny, esli budut akkuratno uchteny effekty, svyazannye s mezhgalakticheskoi pyl'yu. Odnako, oni ne mogut prevoshodit' primerno 20 procentov.

    Vazhno, chto rezul'taty, poluchennye raznymi gruppami (zachastuyu "ne druzhashimi" drug s drugom) kachestvenno shodyatsya. Napomnyu, chto nedavnii rezul'tat gruppy WMAP sostavlyaet 73+/- 3 km/s/Mpk. S uchetom raznyh podhodov rezul'taty soglasuyutsya drug s drugom. T.e. znachenie poryadka 68-70 km/s/Mpk ustraivaet vseh.


    astro-ph/0603690 Kross-korrelyaciya dannyh tret'ego goda WMAP i obzora SDSS DR4: novye ukazaniya na temnuyu energiyu (Cross-correlation of WMAP 3rd year and the SDSS DR4 galaxy survey: new evidence for Dark Energy)
    Authors: A.Cabre, E.Gaztanaga, M.Manera, P.Fosalba, F.Castander
    Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS Letter

    Kak izvestno, kosmologiya stoit na neskol'kih kitah: nablyudeniya reliktovogo fona, nablyudeniya razbeganiya galaktik, dannye po pervichnomu nukleosintezu i obzory po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Naibolee polnaya kartina sozdaetsya, kogda skladyvayutsya vse eti dannye.

    Poskol'ku nedavno vyshel reliz po rezul'tatam treh let raboty sputnika WMAP, seichas uchenye aktivno "okuchivayut" dannye po reliktovomu fonu, sopostavlyaya ego s drugimi elementami kosmologicheskoi kartiny. V etoi rabote dannye WMAP skladyvayutsya s dannymi poslednego reliza Sloanovskogo Cifrovogo Obzora Neba.

    Osnovnoi rezul'tat takov, chto s bol'shei tochnost'yu i dostovernost'yu podtverzhdaetsya nalichie temnoi energii. Napomnyu, chto pervonachal'no ukazaniya na sushestvovanie temnoi energii byli polucheny s pomosh'yu sovershenno inoi tehniki - po dannym o razbeganii galaktik (po sverhnovym tipa Ia byli polucheny ocenki rasstoyanii do dalekih galaktik). Vazhno, chto vskore kachestvenno takoi zhe rezul'tat udalos' poluchit' bez privlecheniya dannyh po sverhnovym - tol'ko po dannym o relikte ili tol'ko po dannym o krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Slozhenie vseh treh podhodov, da eshe pri vozrosshei tochnosti, po-prezhnemu podtverzhdaet neobhodimost' nalichiya temnoi energii.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0603753, posvyashennuyu probleme opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov po raznym dannym, v pervuyu ochered' po mikrovolnovomu fonu.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0603750 Vek kosmologii (A centure of cosmology)
    Authors: E.L. Wright
    Comments: 10 pages

    Korotkii, no ochen' emkii, obzor, posvyashennyi istorii i dostizheniyam kosmologii za poslednie 100 let (t.e. s momenta poyavleniya rabot Einshteina po STO). Osobenno detal'no rassmotreny 60-e gg.


    Vypusk 131. 13-21 marta 2006

    astro-ph/0603257 Istoriya kosmologicheskogo zvezdoobrazovaniya: tri nezavisimyh podhoda (The History of Cosmological Star Formation: Three Independent Approaches and a Critical Test Using the Extragalactic Background Light)
    Authors: Kentaro Nagamine et al.
    Comments: 36 page, 9 figures. Submitted to ApJ

    Vsem ponyatno, chto istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya vo vselennoi - eto vazhneishaya vesh'. Vyyasnit', kak zhe temp formirovaniya zvezd izmenyalsya, bolee chem slozhno. Sozdat' model', kotoraya horosho opisyvala by eti dannye, tozhe nelegko. Stat'ya ochen' interesnaya. Po-krainei mere vvodnuyu chast' i osnovnye rezul'taty stoit posmotret'. Pust' ob'em vas ne pugaet, eto sledstvie vybrannogo formata.

    Avtory rassmatrivayut tri podhoda:
    1. Neposredstvennye dannye o dalekih ob'ektah.
    2. Analiz svoist nashei i drugih blizkih galaktik. Takie "raskopki" mogut dat' informaciyu o tom, kakova byla istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya v etih zvezdnyh sistemah.
    3. Teoreticheskie modeli, osnovannye na detal'nom modelirovanii processa obrazovaniya galaktik i ih dal'neishei evolyucii.
    Vrode by, nablyudaetsya razumnyi konsensus treh podhodov (sm. risunok, na kotorom teoreticheskie modeli sravnivayutsya s nablyudeniyami). Vazhno, chto komp'yuternye modeli na osnovanii Lyambda-CDM podhoda takzhe horosho vpisalis'. Dve samye vazhnye detali - primernoe postoyanstvo tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya ot z=7 do 2, i spadanie ot z=2 do 0 - prisutstvuyut po vseh modelyah i v dannyh nablyudenii (na vsyakii sluchai napomnyu, chto dannye tut daleko ne neposredstvennye, fakticheski, nablyudaemye velichiny nado pereschityvat' model'no-zavisimym obrazom v temp zvezdoobrazovaniya).


    Pokazan temp zvezdoobrazovaniya v zavisimosti ot krasnogo smesheniya v edinicah massa Solnca v god na kubicheskii megaparsek. Shkala logarifmicheskaya s osnovanie 10. T.e. -2 sootvetstvuet 10-2=0.01 massy Solnca v god na kubicheskii megaparsek. Raznymi simvolami pokazany dannye nablyudenii. Krivye sootvetstvuyut razlichnym modelyam, obsuzhdaemym v tekste stat'i.


    astro-ph/0603266 O gorizontah i kosmicheskom peizazhe (On horizons and the cosmic landscape)
    Authors: George F R Ellis
    Comments: 4 pages

    "-Krepko ty menya popravil, Vasilii Ivanovich"

    Vsem chitat'! Pryamo vse v temu, t.e. v temu nashei s Toporenskim stat'i v tret'em nomere "Vokrug sveta". V proshlom vypuske ya obzorov ya rasskazyval o dvuh interesnyh stat'yah po tak skazat' interpretacionnoi kosmologii i vsyakih podvohah, i vot eshe odna.

    Eto kriticheskaya zametka, kommentarii, po povodu odnogo utverzhdeniya Sasskinda. Sut' v tom, chto Ellis polagaet, chto Sasskind v odnom meste svoei novoi populyarnoi knigi (vazhno, chto populyarnoi) putaet gorizont chastic s gorizontom sobytii. Eto lishnii raz pokazyvaet, kak vse neprosto, chto dazhe ochen' sil'nye i imenitye uchenye sporyat drug s drugom. Pravda, eshe raz obrashayu vnimanie, netochnost' obnaruzhena v populyarnoi knigi. V nekotorom smysle eto ne sovsem ex cathedra.


    kniga astro-ph/0603360 Pervyi svet (First Light)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb
    Comments: 158 pages, lecture notes for the SAAS-Fee Winter School, April 2006 (to be published by Springer Verlag); this http URL

    Eto chast' knigi s materialami ezhegodnoi shkoly po astronomii.

    Podrobno i dostupno opisyvaetsya, kak vo vselennoi iz pervichnyh fluktuacii poyavlyayutsya pervye ob'ekty, kak oni nachinayut izluchat', i chto s nimi potom proishodit.


    astro-ph/0603449 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: prilozheniya k kosmologii (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology)
    Authors: D. N. Spergel et al.
    Comments: 89 pages, 28 figures, submitted to ApJ
    astro-ph/0603450 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: analiz polyarizacii (Three Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis)
    Authors: L. Page et al.
    Comments: 46 pages, 28 figures, submitted to ApJ
    astro-ph/0603451 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: analiz temperatury (Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis)
    Authors: G. Hinshaw et al.
    Comments: 93 pages, 24 figures, submitted to ApJ
    astro-ph/0603452 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: profil' puchkov, obrabotka dannyh, harakteristiki radiometrov i predely na sistematicheskie oshibki (Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles, Data Processing, Radiometer Characterization and Systematic Error Limits)
    Authors: N. Jarosik et al.
    Comments: 49 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Vse ih tak zhdali, i vot oni! Rezul'taty obrabotki dannyh po itogam treh let nablyudenii na sputnike WMAP!


    (izobrazhenie vzyato s saita Universetoday.com)

    Bolee podrobno obo vsem etom mozhno prochest' zdes'.


    Vypusk 130. 01-13 marta 2006

    obzor gr-qc/0602098 O vliyanii kosmologicheskogo rasshireniya na dinamiku solnechnoi sistemy (On the influence of the global cosmological expansion on the local dynamics in the Solar System)
    Authors: Matteo Carrera, Domenico Giulini
    Comments: 37 pages, 2 figures

    Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie vliyat' na dinamiku ob'ektov solnechnoi sisteme. Razumeetsya, effekt, dazhe esli on sushestvuet, ochen' mal. I, razumeetsya, nikakih nablyudenii v etom smysle net. Tem ne menee, stat'ya interesnaya. Mne, kak nekosmologu, zatrudnitel'no dat' kakie-to bolee detal'nye kommentarii. Hotelos' by uslyshat' ih ot sootvetstvuyushih specialistov.


    obzor astro-ph/0603149 Fizika kosmologicheskoi reionizacii (Physics of Cosmic Reionization)
    Authors: T. Roy Choudhury, A. Ferrara
    Comments: Invited review (to be published by RSP), edited by R. Fabbri. 40 pages

    V poslednie gody epoha reionizacii privlekla ogromnoe vnimanie uchenyh. Svyazano eto, razumeetsya, s poyavleniem novyh nablyudatel'nyh dannyh. V obzore privoditsya svodka togo, chto my znaem ob epohe reionizacii, i togo, kak my pytaemsya vse eto samim sebe ob'yasnit'.


    metodologiya astro-ph/0603162 Rasshiryaetsya li prostranstvo vo fridmanovskih modelyah vselennoi? (Is space expanding in the Friedmann universe models?)
    Authors: Oyvind Gron, Oystein Elgaroy
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Am. J. Phys

    Ne uveren, chto takie stat'i stoit pisat'. S odnoi storony, avtory gramotno rassmatrivayut vazhnuyu vesh': kak interpretirovat' nablyudaemoe krasnoe smeshenie dalekih galaktik. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto nel'zya ispol'zovat' odin effekt Doplera. Vse eto horosho. V principe, eto i horosho izvestno. Drugoe delo, chto periodicheski poyavlyayutsya raboty, gde vse-taki pytayutsya vse ob'yasnit' odnim Doplerom.... S drugoi storony, avtory zachem-to akcentiruyut to, chto vo vtorom poryadke kosmologicheskoe krasnoe smeshenie mozhno predstavit' kak summu dopler-effekta i gravitacionnogo krasnogo smesheniya. Na moi vzglyad (imenno, na moi vzglyad), eto ne tol'ko bespoleznoe, no i, v nekotorom smysle, vrednoe utverzhdenie :)
    Poyasnyu. Ni k kakim uprosheniyam raschetov eto ne privodit. A vot zaputat' mozhet, t.k. efekt doplera tut voobshe ni pri chem. Po suti dela ni pri chem. Kstati, ravno kak i gravitacionnoe krasnoe smeshenie. Kosmologicheskii effekt - eto sovershenno otdel'noe yavlenie.


    astro-ph/0603169 Shest' pikov v raspredelenii 46 400 kvazarov iz obzora SDSS po krasnym smesheniyam soglasuyutsya s predpochtitel'nymi krasnymi smesheniyami, predskazannymi model'yu umen'shayushegosya sobstvennogo krasnogo smesheniya (Six Peaks Visible in the Redshift Distribution of 46,400 SDSS Quasars Agree with the Preferred Redshifts Predicted by the Decreasing Intrinsic Redshift Model)
    Authors: M.B. Bell, D. McDiarmid
    Comments: 12 pages, 12 figure, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Po dannym SDSS o 46 400 kvazarov s izvestnymi krasnymi smesheniyami pokazano, chto v raspredelenii kvazarov est' nekotoraya periodichnost'. Otmechu, chto analogichnye rezul'taty po sovsem drugoi vyborke davali i drugie gruppy, naprimer, gruppa iz FTI im. Ioffe, na ch'i rezul'taty avtory pochemu-to ne sylayutsya.

    Obnaruzheno shest' pikov v raspredelenii kvazarov po krasnym smesheniyam. Prichem, piki imeyut vyrazhennuyu periodichnost'.


    Vypusk 129. 20-28 fevralya 2006

    astro-ph/0602572 Rasstoyanie po cefeidam do galaktik so sverhnovymi Ia po dannym o peresmotrennom fotometricheskom nul'-punkte HST-WFPC2 i na osnove novyh sootnoshenii period-svetimost' i novyh popravok za metallichnost' (Cepheid Distances to SNe Ia Host Galaxies based on a Revised Photometric Zero-Point of the HST-WFPC2 and New P-L Relations and Metallicity Corrections)
    Authors: A. Saha et al.
    Comments: 73 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

    Vot takoe dlinnoe nazvanie....

    Utochnenie shkaly rasstoyanii - eto trudneishaya zadacha. Ona ne reshaetsya za raz. Stat'ya - eto ocherednoi promezhutochnyi etap po ocenke rasstoyanii do dalekih galaktik na osnovanii dannyh o sverhnovyh tipa Ia. Dlya etogo nuzhno prokalibrovat' sverhnovye. Dlya etogo po cefeidam nado tochno opredelit' rasstoyaniya do galaktik, v kotoryh vidny eti sverhnovye. Togda ih mozhno budet ispol'zovat' dlya bolee dalekih galaktik, v kotoryh cefeidy uzhe ne vidny.


    obzor hep-th/0602276 Kosmicheskie struny (Cosmic Strings)
    Authors: Mairi Sakellariadou
    Comments: 42 pages, 7 figures, Chapter for the book "Quantum Simulations via Analogues: From Phase Transitions to Black Holes", to appear in Springer lecture notes in physics (LNP)

    Kosmicheskie struny, esli ne na kone, to vse pytayutsya na nego vzobrat'sya. Posle perioda entuziazma (let 20 nazad) nastupila pora skepsisa. Voobshe govorya, ona, na moi vzglyad, tak i ne zakonchilas', no avtor obzora polagaet inache. Pochemu, kakie interesnye vozmozhnosti mozhno pridumat' nesmotrya na zhestkie ogranicheniya - obo vsem etom v rabote Mairi Sakellariadou.


    Vypusk 128. 13-20 fevralya 2006

    hep-th/0602091 Zaselenie peizazha (Populating the Landscape: A Top Down Approach)
    Authors: S.W. Hawking, Thomas Hertog
    Comments: 22 pages, 1 figure

    Interesnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya vazhnoi idee. Otmechu, chto matematikoi stat'ya ne peregruzhena.

    V teorii strun est' ponyatie "peizazh" (landscape). Ono svyazano s tem, chto teoriya predstavlyaet ogromnyi vybor parametrov dlya, grubo govorya, sozdaniya Vselennoi. Parametry opredelyayut svoistva vakuuma. Nam, konechno, hochetsya ponyat', kak poluchit' "nash" vakuum s malen'koi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi i t.p. Naprimer, mozhno ispol'zovat' antropnyi podhod (on takzhe obsuzhdaetsya v stat'e). Odnako stat'ya ne sovsem o tom, kak vybrat' pravil'nye parametry iz mnozhestva vozmozhnyh. avtory rassuzhdayut, kak v takoi teorii stroit' kosmologiyu.

    Predlagaetsya podhod "sverhu vniz" (top down). Eto vyrazhenie oznachaet, chto "plyashem ne ot pechki", a "k pechke". T.e., ne iz znaniya nachal'nyh parametrov vyvodim konechnye, a, v nekotorom smysle, naoborot. V sluchae kosmologii v podhode "snizu vverh" (bottom-up) nado zadat' nachal'noe sostoyanie i iz nego vyvesti to, chto my seichas nablyudaem. Etot podhod ochen' trudno realizovat'. Ved' v kosmologii, vo-pervyh, my ploho predstavlyaem sebe nachal'nye usloviya, a vo-vtoryh, my imeem nablyudaemuyu vselennuyu v kolichestve 1 (odna) shtuka. Da i to, nablyudaem ee ne vsyu, a lish' nekotoruyu chast'. Poetomu Houking i Hertog predlagayut ispol'zovat' top-down. Neobhodimo provodit' raschet vseh al'ternativnyh istorii, kotorye privodyat k takomu zhe konechnomu sostoyaniyu. T.e. v nekotorom smysle beretsya summa po vsem vozmozhnym nachal'nym usloviyam s posleduyushim analizam vklada teh istorii, kotorye privodyat k nablyudaemoi kartine. Velichiny veroyatnostei takih istorii smogut pomoch' ponyat', kakie svoistva nashei Vselennoi svyazany s fundamental'nymi zakonami, a kakie - so sluchainymi kvantovymi processami.


    obzor astro-ph/0602280 Filosofiya kosmologii (Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology)
    Authors: George F. R. Ellis
    Comments: 60 pages, To appear in the Handbook in Philosophy of Physics, Ed J Butterfield and J Earman (Elsevier, 2006)

    Vsem chitat'! 60 stranic vazhnogo i interesnogo teksta.


    astro-ph/0602356 Retrodukciya, gipotezy mul'tiversa i ih proveryaemost' (Retroduction, Multiverse Hypotheses and Their Testability)
    Authors: William R. Stoeger
    Comments: 12 PAGES

    Polufilosofskoe esse o kosmologii.

    Nachnem s togo, chto dazhe pervoe slovo v zagolovke nuzhdaetsya v kommentariyah. Zabavno, chto ni odin slovar' pod rukoi slovo retroduction ne potyanul. Zato potyanula Wikipedia. Termin byl vveden Pirsom. Po suti eto termin iz metodologii nauki, oznachayushii umozaklyuchenie ot sledstviya k posylke.

    Osnovnaya tema stat'i: kak mozhno proverit' gipotezu(y) o mul'tiversah pri tom, chto sami mul'tiversy my, skoree vsego, nikogda neposredstvenno pronablyudat' ne smozhem.


    obzor astro-ph/0602375 Nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya na kosmicheskuyu reionizaciyu (Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization)
    Authors: Xiaohui Fan et al.
    Comments: to appear in ARAA 2006. latex. 84 pages. 15 figs

    Stadiya reionizacii zanimaet vazhnoe mesto v istorii Vselennoi. Napomnyu, chto sut' v tom, chto, kogda poyavilis' pervye moshnye istochniki izlucheniya, to oni snova ionizovali znachitel'nuyu chast' vselennoi (vse eto, razumeetsya, proishodilo posle rekombinacii). Chto eto byli za istochniki, i kogda proizoshla reionizaciya - neyasno.

    Avtory akkrutano rassmatrivayut kompleks dannyh, svyazannyh s reionizaciei. Zachastuyu zhestkie vyvody o momente etoi stadii delayut na osnovanii dannyh WMAP po reliktovomu fonu. Na samom dele, tut nuzhna ostorozhnost'. Pochemu - uznaite iz obzora.

    Vypusk 126. 21-31 yanvarya 2006

    astro-ph/0601494 Istinnaya priroda CSL-1 (The true nature of CSL-1)
    Authors: M.V. Sazhin et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures

    Vozmozhnaya sensaciya rassosalas'.

    Vse pomnyat, chto neskol'ko let nazad novostnye lenty pestreli soobsheniyami o tom, chto rossiiskie i ital'yanskie uchenye otkryli ob'ekt, kotoryi mog by byt' sluchaem linzirovaniya na kosmicheskoi strune. Razumeetsya, srazu vyskazyvalsya i razumnyi skepticizm.

    I vot posle dopolnitel'nyh nablyudenii stalo okonchatel'no yasno, chto nikakaya eto ne kosmicheskaya struna. Zhal' ....


    obzor astro-ph/0601538 Kosmologicheskie ogranicheniya po galakticheskomu skuchivaniyu (Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering)
    Authors: Will J. Percival
    Comments: 30 pages, 13 figures. Lecture given at Third Aegean Summer School, The invisible universe: Dark matter and Dark energy

    Obrashaem vashe vnimanie na etot obzor, t.k. v spisok samyh interesnyh sobytii proshlogo goda voshel rezul'tat, svyazannyi s obnaruzhenie akusticheskogo pika po dannym o krupnomasshtabnom raspredelenii galaktik. Dannyi obzor posvyashen razboru takih nablyudenii, ob'yasneniyu ih vazhnosti t.p. vesham.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0601576 Polyarizaciya reliktovogo izlucheniya (Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization)
    Authors: James G. Bartlett
    Comments: Review given at TAUP 2005, 8 pages

    V poslednie gody mnogo govoryat o polyarizacii reliktovgo izlucheniya. Izuchenie sootvetstvuyushih parametrov kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona pozvolit uznat' mnogo novogo o nashei Vselennoi. Cherez paru let budet zapushen sputnik Plank, special'no dlya etogo prdenaznachennyi. Poka zhe polyarizaciyu pytayutsya izmeryat' v nazemnyh i balonnyh eksperimentah.

    astro-ph/0601612 Zadacha dvuh tel s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi i nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya ( Two-body problem with the cosmological constant and observational constraints)
    Authors: Ph. Jetzer, M. Sereno
    Comments: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

    Vspominaetsya Dovlatov: "Kniga interesnaya, no slozhnaya" (eto bylo pro "Iosif i ego brat'ya" Tomasa Manna, kstati, ya sam nikak ne soberus' prochitat').

    V stat'e razobrana zadacha dvuh tel s uchetom vklada kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Voobshe, problema povedeniya, skazhem, planet v Solnechnoi sisteme ili zemnyh sputnikov s uchetom kosmologicheskih effektov (a kosmologicheskuyu postoyannuyu mozhno smelo k nim otnesti) vyzyvaet interes. I voprosy. Vot vo vtorom nomere GEO ya uspokaival chitatelya v tom smysle, chto rasshirenie Vselennoi ne menyaet orbitu Luny i iskusstvennyh sputnikov. Po-krainei mere, effekt ne nablyudaetsya, i voobshe, v blizhaishie paru milliardov let nam nichego ne grozit. Dazhe s uchetom vozmozhnosti "Bol'shogo razryva" v nastoyashee vremya nikakih nablyudaemyh effektov v Solnechnoi sisteme net. Tem ne menee, podrobnogo razbora zadachi dvuh tel pri nalichii kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi ya ne vstrechal (vozmozhno, ploho smotrel; na odin iz svezhih e-printov ssylayutsya sami avtory - gr-qc/0511137). I vot ...

    Kak ya preduprezhdal, stat'ya slozhnaya. Vozmozhno, chto bol'shinstvo prochtet lish' razdely 1 i 5-6. Razdely 1 i 6 eto vvedenie i zaklyuchenie, sootvetstvenno. A v razdele 5 predstavleny nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya na velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, kotorye mozhno poluchit', nablyudaya sistemy razlichnogo tipa. Kak ni stranno, no nailuchshee dayut vovse ne dvoinye radiopul'sary, a dannye po Solnechnoi sisteme. Konechno, smysl v takih ogranicheniyah dostatochno akademicheskii. Ved' po sobstvenno kosmologicheskim dannym my primerno znaem velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, a luchshie ogranicheniya po dannym o dvizhenii Zemli i Marsa lezhat na 10 poryadkov vyshe. Tem ne menee. takie predely nado poluchat'. Ved' proveryayut zhe, naprimer, deistvie zakona vsemirnogo tyagoteniya na raznyh masshtabah. I, kto znaet, priroda mozhet byt' ustroena slozhnee, chem my sebe predstavlyaem.

    Osnovnoi effekt kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi na orbitu, kak pishut avtory, zaklyuchaetsya v precessii pericentra. Mozhno rasschitat' skorost' precessii. V pervom priblizhenii ona okazyvaetsya proporcional'noi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Effekt znachitelen dlya malomassivnyh sistem na shirokih orbitah (imenno poetomu, dlya dvoinyh pul'sarov on ne tak vyrazhen, kak dlya planet v Solnechnoi sisteme).

    Smotrite podrobnyi kommentarii Igorya Ivanova.


    Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

    gr-qc/0601056 Lokal'nye effekty kosmologicheskih izmeneniya fizichekih "konstant" i skalyarnye polya. II Kvazisfericheskoe prostranstvo-vremya (The Local Effects of Cosmological Variations in Physical 'Constants' and Scalar Fields II. Quasi-Spherical Spacetimes)
    Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
    Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure

    Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".


    astro-ph/0601433 Ogranicheniya na topologiyu vselennoi po polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya (Constraining Cosmic Topology with CMB Polarization)
    Authors: Alain Riazuelo, Samuel Caillerie, Marc Lachize-Rey, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 10 pages, submitted to PRD

    Stat'ya ne obzornaya. Tem ne menee, obsuzhdaetsya dostatochno obshaya vesh' (hotya i na chastnyh primerah).

    Mnogie pomnyat nedavnie raboty po topologii vselennoi po dannym po reliktovomu izlucheniyu (sm. takzhe stat'yu na Astronete). Sleduyushii shag - eto poluchenie dannyh o topologii po izmereniyu polyarizacii relikta. Uzhe seichas nazemnye (balonnye i t.p.) eksperimenty dayut tut koe-kakuyu informaciyu. A v nedalekom budushem s zapuskom sputnika Plank my poluchim chetkie dannye po polyarizacii relikta. Tak chto teoretiki ne zrya gotovyatsya!


    Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

    gr-qc/0601056 Lokal'nye effekty kosmologicheskih izmeneniya fizichekih "konstant" i skalyarnye polya. II Kvazisfericheskoe prostranstvo-vremya (The Local Effects of Cosmological Variations in Physical 'Constants' and Scalar Fields II. Quasi-Spherical Spacetimes)
    Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
    Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure

    Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".


    astro-ph/0601433 Ogranicheniya na topologiyu vselennoi po polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya (Constraining Cosmic Topology with CMB Polarization)
    Authors: Alain Riazuelo, Samuel Caillerie, Marc Lachize-Rey, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 10 pages, submitted to PRD

    Stat'ya ne obzornaya. Tem ne menee, obsuzhdaetsya dostatochno obshaya vesh' (hotya i na chastnyh primerah).

    Mnogie pomnyat nedavnie raboty po topologii vselennoi po dannym po reliktovomu izlucheniyu (sm. takzhe stat'yu na Astronete). Sleduyushii shag - eto poluchenie dannyh o topologii po izmereniyu polyarizacii relikta. Uzhe seichas nazemnye (balonnye i t.p.) eksperimenty dayut tut koe-kakuyu informaciyu. A v nedalekom budushem s zapuskom sputnika Plank my poluchim chetkie dannye po polyarizacii relikta. Tak chto teoretiki ne zrya gotovyatsya!


    Vypusk 123. 24-31 dekabrya 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0512584 Vzlety i padeniya postoyannoi Habbla (The Ups and Downs of the Hubble Constant)
    Authors: G.A. Tammann
    Comments: 30 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. 79th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft 2005, Karl-Schwarzschild-Lecture, to appear in Reviews in Modern Astronomy, 19, 1

    Daetsya istoriya issledovanii postoyannoi Habbla. Obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye metodiki ee opredeleniya. Osobo obsuzhdayutsya neopredelennosti v sovremennyh metodah.


    Vypusk 122. 11-23 dekabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0512287 Naibolee tochnoe ogranichenie na variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury po odnomu individual'nomu izmereniyu (Most precise single redshift bound to the variability of the fine-structure constant)
    Authors: S. A. Levshakov et al.
    Comments: 2 pages, to appear in the Proceed. of IAU Symp.232 "The Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes", eds. P. Whitelock, B. Leibundgut, and M. Dennefeld

    Polucheno novoe ogranichenie na variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury. Predel Delta alpha/alpha < (-0.07+/-0.84)10^{-6} poluchen po nablyudeniyam spektral'nyh linii na z=1.15.


    Vypusk 120. 12-30 noyabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0511488 Budushee izuchenie magnitnyh polei po dannym eksperimenta Planck (Future magnetic fields studies using the Planck surveyor experiment)
    Authors: Torsten A. Ensslin, Corina Vogt, Andre Waelkens, Alexander A. Scheckochihin
    Comments: invited talk at conference on he Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism' in Bologna 2005, eds. R. Beck, G. Brunetti, L. Feretti, and B. Gaensler, to appear in Astronomische Nachrichten, 6 pages, 3 figures

    Kak izvestno, Planck - eto sputnik novogo pokoleniya, prednaznachennyi dlya issledovaniya mikrovolnovogo fona. Odnako, krome dannyh sobstvenno po reliktu, iz poluchennyh im rezul'tatov mozhno budet vytyanut' eshe mnogo interesnogo. Avtory rassmatrivayut, chto smozhet dat' Planck dlya izucheniya krupnomasshtabnyh magnitnyh polei. V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o vnegalakticheskih magnitnyh polyah. Krome togo, i v issledovaniyah galakticheskogo magnitnogo polya mozhno ozhidat' progressa blagodarya novomu sputniku. Zapusk ozhidaetsya v uzhe sovsem nedalekom budushem.


    obzor astro-ph/0511534 Pervichnyi nukleosintez: uspehi i zadachi (Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Successes And Challenges)
    Authors: Gary Steigman
    Comments: 36 pages, 14 figures, review article to appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics E

    Obzor po pervichnomu nukleosintezu. Epigrafom mozhno bylo by vzyat' slova: "Mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit".


    obzor astro-ph/0511595 Vvedenie v neitrinnuyu kosmologiyu (Introduction to neutrino cosmology)
    Authors: Steen Hannestad
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Erice 2005 proceedings

    S odnoi storony, seichas rol' neitrino v kosmologii ne stol' velika, kak v eto verili nekotorye uchenye let 10-20 nazad. Prichina prosta - nizkaya massa. S drugoi storony, rol' neitrino vovse ne prenebrezhimo mala! V chem zaklyuchaetsya vazhnost' neitrino v kosmologii kak raz i opisano v obzore.


    obzor astro-ph/0511626 Effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha (The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect)
    Authors: Y. Rephaeli, S. Sadeh, M. Shimon
    Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures; to appear in proceedings of the Enrico Fermi School Background Microwave Radiation and Intracluster Cosmology', editors: F. Melchiorri and Y. Rephaeli

    Obzor po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha. Seichas eto moshnyi instrument v kosmologii.


    astro-ph/0511709 Kommentarii o "privyazannyh" galaktikah (Comments on the tethered galaxy problem)
    Authors: W. J. Clavering
    Comments: 6 pages

    Rassmotren ochen' interesnyi primer povedeniya ob'ekta pri kosmologicheskom rasshirenii (spasibo A. Toporenskomu za "navodku").

    Predstav'te, chto est' galaktika, imeyushaya takuyu bol'shuyu pekulyarnuyu skorost' (napravlennuyu na nas), chto ona kompensiruet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie. T.e. galaktika kak by privyazana k nam (tethered). Kakim budet ee krasnoe smeshenie? Ili, naprimer, galaktika s nulevym krasnym smesheniem (t.e. ee krasnoe smeshenie polnost'yu skompensirovano pekulyarnoi skorost'yu) budet priblizhat'sya k nam ili udalyat'sya? Okazyvaetsya, chto tut vse ne tak prosto.


    astro-ph/0511774 Bezrazmernye konstanty, kosmologiya i drugie temnye temy (Dimensionless constants, cosmology and other dark matters)
    Authors: Max Tegmark et al.
    Comments: 29 pages, 12 figs

    Obsuzhdayutsya bezrazmernye konstanty, poyavlyayushiesya v kosmologii i fizike elementarnyh chastic.


    physics/0511135 Istinnoe nebesnoe poslanie (The Real Message in the Sky)
    Authors: Douglas Scott, J.P. Zibin
    Comments: Response to physics/0510102, 2 pages

    Pozvolyu sebe vol'no perevesti nazvanie raboty. Eto kratkii otvet na stat'yu physics/0510102, avtory kotoroi razvivayut mysl' o tom, chto Sozdatel' Vselennoi mog zashifrovat' soobshenie v parametrah mikrovolnovogo fona. V otvete raz'yasnyaetsya, chto detal'naya kartina fona zavisit ot polozheniya nablyudatelya i ot vremeni. T.e. shifrovat' kakoe-to soobshenie takim strannym sposobom ne stoilo. A istinno nebesnoe poslanie, zashifrovannoe v reliktovom fone - eto informaciya o rannei Vselennoi. V obshem, interesny primer argumentirovannoi kritiki specialistami sumasshedshei idei.

    Obratite vnimanie na blagodarnost' v stat'e!

    Vypusk 119. 29 oktyabrya - 11 noyabrya 2005

    miniobzor hep-th/0511037 Zhizn' v mul'tiverse (Living in the Multiverse)
    Authors: Steven Weinberg
    Comments: 13 pages

    Pis'mennaya versiya doklada, prochitannogo nedavno Stivenom Vainbergom v Triniti kolledzhe (kolledzhe Svyatoi Troicy, esli komu-to tak bol'she nravitsya).

    Chitat' stoit. Ni formul, ni kartinok tam net, zato est' podrobnye i ponyatnye ob'yasneniya.

    V osnovnom rech' idet ob antropnyh argumentah. V pervuyu ochered' v svyazi s rezul'tatami teorii strun (gde poluchaetsya bezumnoe kolichestvo vozmozhnyh vakuumov, vybor sredi kotoryh [poka?] ne predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym), no ne tol'ko. Takzhe upominaetsya teoriya haoticheskoi inflyacii i argumenty Andreya Linde, a takzhe nekotorye interpretacii kvantovoi mehaniki.

    Sovetuyu dochitat' do konca, i ulybnut'sya poslednei stavke Stivena Vainberga.


    Vypusk 117. 01-17 oktyabrya 2005

    obzor hep-ph/0509309 ILC Kosmologiya (ILC Cosmology)
    Authors: Jonathan L. Feng
    Comments: 18 pages, Plenary Colloquium presented at the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop, Stanford, California, USA, 18-22 March 2005

    ILC - International Linear Collider.

    Tradicionno kosmologicheskie issledovaniya svyazyvayut s rabotami po fizike elementarnyh chastic. Otsyuda takie terminy kak kosmomikrofizika, particle astrophysics, i astroparticle physics. Avtor daet obzor nekotoryh problem sovremennoi kosmologii i rassuzhdaet, kak v ih reshenii mogut pomoch' sovremennye uskoriteli.


    Vypusk 116. 11 sentyabrya - 30 sentyabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0509268 Kosmicheskie puteshestviya v dalekom budushem (The Long-Term Future of Space Travel)
    Authors: Jeremy S. Heyl
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

    Avtor (izvestnyi astrofizik, rabotayushii seichas v Kanade; mnogim, veroyatno, izvestny ego raboty po magnitaram) rassmatrivaet gipoteticheskie perspektivy poletov na bol'shie rasstoyaniya s uchetom uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Konechno, interes tut chisto akademicheskii, no mozhet komu-to iz fantastov, kto eshe ne naigralsya s rassuzhdeniyami o pereletah na kosmologicheskie rasstoyaniya, eto budet interesno. Krome togo, eto bezuslovno interesno kak zadacha po kosmologii.


    astro-ph/0509628 Bol'shaya populyaciya galaktik na rasstoyaniyah, sootvetstvuyushih vremenam ot 9 do 12 milliardov let tomu nazad (A large population of galaxies 9 to 12 billion years back in the history of the Universe)
    Authors: O. Le Fevre et al.
    Comments: Nature, 2005, 437, 519

    Naideno 970 galaktik na krasnyh smesheniyah ot 1.4 do 5. Eto v neskol'ko raz bol'she, chem predskazyvalos' (yasno, chto rech' idet ob obzore nebol'shogo uchastka neba). Galaktiki v srednem imeyut ochen' bol'shoi temp obrazovaniya zvezd (v desyatki raz vyshe, chem v nashei). Eto govorit o tom, chto i temp zvezdoobrazovaniya na etih krasnyh smesheniyah ranee prinimalsya sushestvenno zanizhennym.


    physics/0509171 Zerkal'nyi zal (A cosmic hall of mirrors)
    Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 13 pages, 5 colour figures. Last news on cosmic topology. pdf only, Physics World 18, 22-28 (september 2005)

    Populyarnaya stat'ya posvyashena topologii vselennoi. Sut' v tom, kak sdelat' konechnuyu i otnositel'no nebol'shuyu vselennuyu kak by beskonechnoi dlya nahodyashegosya v nei nablyudatelya. Takaya konstrukciya chem-to napominaet zerkal'nyi zal, otsyuda i nazvanie stat'i. Tol'ko vo Vselennoi my, konechno zhe, stalkivaemsya ne s obychnymi zerkalami, a so slozhnoi topologiei, pozvolyayushei lucham sveta ogibat' vselennuyu. V rezul'tate v raznyh oblastyah neba mozhno budet videt' podobnye (no ne tochno odinakovye iz-za iskazhenii) ob'ekty.

    Koe-chto na etu temu mozhno pochitat' zdes' , a takzhe zdes'.

    Vypusk 112. 22-31 iyulya 2005

    dissertaciya astro-ph/0507701 Proishozhdenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury vo Vselennoi (The Origin of the Large-Scale Structure in the Universe: Theoretical and Statistical Aspects)
    Authors: Yeinzon Rodriguez
    Comments: Latex file, 129 pages, 11 figures. PhD Thesis. Supervisor: David H. Lyth. Any comments are welcome

    Kak izvestno, vozniknovenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury svyazano s neodnorodnostyami, kotorye poyavilis' v ochen' rannei Vselennoi. Dissertaciya, krome original'nyh rezul'tatov, soderzhit podrobnyi obzor vozmozhnyh mehanizmov, privodyashih k takim neodnorodnostyam.


    Vypusk 111. 01-21 iyulya 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0507130 Obrazovanie pervyh svetyashihsya ob'ektov (The Formation of Primordial Luminous Objects)
    Authors: Emanuele Ripamonti, Tom Abel
    Comments: 51 pages, 25 figures. Lecture notes for the spring 2003 SIGRAV Doctoral School "The Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", to be published in: M.Colpi, V.Gorini, F. Haardt, U. Moschella (eds.), "Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", series in High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Gravitation, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia

    Bol'shoi obzor (lekciya), posvyashennyi obrazovaniyu pervyh svetyashihsya ob'ektov vo vselennoi. T.e. rech' idet o massivnyh pervyh zvezdah, sostoyavshih iz legkih elementov. Oni obrazovalis' do poyavleniya pervyh galaktik i vnesli sushestvennyi vklad v obogashenie vselennoi tyazhelymi elementami.


    Vypusk 109. 01-14 iyunya 2005

    astro-ph/0506040 Bystryi rost chernyh dyr na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Rapid growth of high redshift black holes)
    Authors: Marta Volonteri, Martin J. Rees
    Comments: Submitted to ApJ letters. AASTeX format. 11 pages, 1 colour figure

    V proshlom vypuske ya upominal problemu rosta massy chernyh dyr. Sut' problemy v tom, chto uzhe na z=5 my vidim ochen' yarkie kvazary, chto govorit o sushestvovanii ochen' massivnyh chernyh dyr. Kak dyry uspevayut narastit' svoyu massu do soten millionov mass Solnca za korotkoe vremya (ot z=20 do z=5) neyasno.

    V dannoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya mehanizm, svyazannyi so sverhkriticheskoi akkreciei. Avtory polagayut, chto v ih modeli udaetsya sformirovat' chernye dyry nuzhnyh mass za dostatochno korotkoe vremya.


    Vypusk 107. 11-19 maya 2005

    obzor hep-th/0505050 Fundamental'nye kosmicheskie struny (Fundamental cosmic strings)
    Authors: A.-C. Davis, T.W.B. Kibble
    Comments: Review to appear in Contemporary Physics

    Obzor po kosmicheskim strunam. Posvyashen on novym ideyam v etoi oblasti. Delo v tom, chto original'nyi scenarii, predlozhennyi Kibblom, po suti dela zakryt nablyudeniyami. Odnako novye teorii "mira na brane" otkryvayut novye vozmozhnosti.


    obzor gr-qc/0505057 Elementy kosmologii v ramkah petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii (Elements of Loop Quantum Cosmology)
    Authors: Martin Bojowald
    Comments: 30 pages, 4 figures, Chapter contributed to "100 Years of Relativity - Space-time Structure: Einstein and Beyond", Ed. A. Ashtekar (World Scientific)

    Kak izvestno, naibolee razrabotannoi teoriei, pretenduyushei na "vseobshnost'" yavlyaetsya teoriya strun. Odnako u nee est' i konkurenty. Naibolee sil'nym i perspektivnym schitaetsya teoriya petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii. V dannom obzore rassmotreny kosmologicheskie prilozheniya etoi teorii.


    Vypusk 106. 01-10 maya 2005

    astro-ph/0505004 Kosmicheskaya mimikriya: ne yavlyaetsya li lyambda-CDM model' zamaskirovannym mirom na brane? (Cosmic Mimicry: Is LCDM a Braneworld in Disguise ?)
    Authors: Varun Sahni, Yuri Shtanov, Alexander Viznyuk
    Comments: 20 pages, 4 figures

    Na segodnyashnei den' standartnoi model'yu yavlyaetsya t.n. lyambda-CDM. Ona vklyuchaet v sebya vklad temnoi energii (lyambda) i holodnoi temnoi materii (CDM). Osnovnye "parametry Vselennoi", kotorye vy vstrechaete v populyarnyh stat'yah i obzorah, polucheny kak raz v ramkah etoi modeli. Odnako ....

    Odnako "zhizn' - eto slozhnaya shtuka" (s). Vpolne mozhet byt', chto my zhivem na brane. I "mir na brane" (braneworld) mozhet mimkrirovat', maskirovat'sya tak, chto my budem schitat', chto rabotaet imenno lyambda-CDM model' v ee standartnom vide.

    Varun Sahni (kstati, vypusknik GAISh) i ego soavtory kak raz detal'no razbirayut vozmozhnost' takoi "kosmicheskoi mimikrii".


    astro-ph/0505010 Programma dlya kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya GADGET-2 (The cosmological simulation code GADGET-2)
    Authors: Volker Springel
    Comments: submitted to MNRAS, 31 pages, 20 figures (reduced resolution), code available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/gadget

    Predstavleno detal'noe opisanie odnogo iz kosmologicheskih kodov. Sam kod dostupen.


    astro-ph/0505017 Novye ogranicheniya na modeli MOND po skopleniyam galaktik (New constraints on MOND from galaxy clusters)
    Authors: Etienne Pointecouteau, Joseph Silk
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, MNRAS submitted

    Napomnim, chto MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics - schitaetsya al'ternativoi modeli temnoi materii. MOND v pervuyu ochered' prilagaetsya k krivym vrasheniya galaktik. Odnako est' i drugie nablyudatel'nye dannye, kotorye nado ob'yasnyat' (zametim, chto model' temnoi materii prekrasno s nimi spravlyaetsya).

    Avtory issleduyut ogranicheniya na model' MOND po dannym o skopleniyah galaktik. Pokazano, gde MOND vstrechaetsya s ser'eznymi trudnostyami. Eto skopleniya galaktik s ochen' goryachim gazom vnutri.

    Otmetim takzhe druguyu stat'yu s uchastiem Etienne Pointecouteau "Modeling the formation of galaxy clusters in MOND". V nei rech' idet o modelirovanii obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik v scenariyah s modelyami MOND. Rezul'taty sravnenii s nablyudeniyami takzhe govoryat o problemah sootvetstvuyushei teorii.


    astro-ph/0505090 Nablyudeniya na VLT/UVES pokazyvayut otsutstvie variacii postoyannoi tonkogo vzaimodeistviya (VLT/UVES shows no cosmological variability of alpha)
    Authors: P. Molaro, M. Centurion, S. D'Odorico, S. Levshakov
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 postscript figure

    Dano kratkoe izlozhenie vazhnogo otricatel'nogo rezul'tata: dannye noveishih nablyudenii pokazyvayut, chto poka ne udalos' obnaruzhit' variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury po nablyudeniyam spektrov vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov.


    Vypusk 105. 21-30 aprelya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0504501 Ot malen'kih vzryvov k Bol'shomu Vzryvu (From Little Bangs to the Big Bang)
    Authors: John Ellis
    Comments: Invited Plenary Talk at the International Conference on the Physics and Astrophysics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, Kolkata, Feb. 2005: 13 pages, 11 figures, uses IoP style files

    "Malen'kie vzryvy" - eto sobytiya stolknoveniya energichnyh chastic na kollaiderah - uskoritelyah na vstrechnyh puchkah. V pechati aktivno obsuzhdaetsya eta tema. Naibolee tipichnyi zagolovok "Fiziki vosproizveli Bol'shoi vzryv v laboratorii". Kak na samom dele sootnosyatsya "malen'kie vzryvy" i Bol'shoi vzryv mozhno uznat' iz etogo obzora, napisannogo odnim iz vedushih specialistov po kosmologii i fizike elementarnyh chastic.


    Vypusk 104. 11-20 aprelya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0504365 Korotkoe vvedenie v kosmicheskuyu topologiyu (A brief introduction to cosmic topology)
    Authors: M.J. Reboucas
    Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures. Short review of the topics addressed with details in the lectures. To appear in the proc. of the XIth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation, eds. M.Novelo and S.E. Perez Bergliaffa, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings (2005)

    Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya.

    Sovershenno otdel'no upomyanu, chto na Astrofeste Mihail Prohorov budet delat' populyarnyi doklad na etu temu.


    Vypusk 103. 01-10 aprelya 2005

    obzor gr-qc/0504018 Reliktovye gravitacionnye volny i kosmologiya (Relic Gravitational Waves and Cosmology)
    Authors: L. P. Grishchuk
    Comments: 31 pages including 8 figures; expanded version of a talk at the international conference eldovich-90', Moscow, December 2004; http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/Z-90

    Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi rasshirennuyu versiyu doklada, prochitannogo Leonidom Petrovichem v dekabre proshlogo goda v Moskve. Krome sobstvenno obzora po gravitacionnym volnam v kosmologii v rabote est' i memorial'naya chast', posvyashennaya Ya.B. Zel'dovichu.


    Vypusk 102. 21-31 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503400 Sputniki Mlechnogo Puti: bol'shoi blin (The Satelittes of the Milky Way: The Great Pancake)
    Authors: Noam I Libeskind et al.
    Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to MNRAS

    Nauka dvizhetsya vpered.
    S odnoi storony rastet tochnost' raschetov formirovaniya galaktik (i krupnomasshtabnoi struktury): nachav s masshtabov v sotni Mpk, avtory programm dobralis' uzhe do masshtaba nashei galaktiki. Sootvetstvenno, v poslednie gody neskol'ko grupp astrofizikov zanimayutsya raschetami obrazovaniya Mlechnogo Puti i ego sputnikov. Zdes' voznikla interesnaya problema. Raschety predskazyvali slishkom mnogo sputnikov (bol'she, chem nablyudaetsya).

    S drugoi storony, nablyudeniya tozhe ne stoyat na meste. Postoyanno otkryvayutsya novye karlikovye galaktiki v neposredstvennoi blizosti ot nas. Krome togo, nedavno byla otkryta "temnaya galaktika" - sostoyashaya iz gaza, plotnost' kotorogo okazalas' nedostatochna dlya massovogo obrazovaniya zvezd.

    V dannoi stat'e obsuzhdaetsya sleduyushii interesnyi aspekt problemy sputnikov Mlechnogo Puti. Okazyvaetsya, chto oni raspredeleny ne sfericheski-simmetrichno, a obrazuyut dovol'no-taki ploskuyu strukturu (sm. risunok vnizu).



    Na risunkah pokazano polozhenie sputnikov Mlechnogo Puti (risunki vzyaty s saita www.astro.uu.se/~ns/). Odnako ploskaya struktura luchshe vydelyaetsya na sleduyushem risunke.

    Risunok iz stat'i astro-ph/0410421. Zdes' special'no vybrana proekciya, yasno demonstriruyushaya, chto sputniki nashei Galaktiki lezhat prakticheski v odnoi ploskosti.

    Libeskind i ego soavtory iz Velikobritanii, Kanady i Avstralii proveli chislennoe modelirovanie metodom mnogih tel (N-body) s cel'yu izucheniya prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya sputnikov galaktiki, podobnoi nashei. Rezul'taty pokazany na risunke.

    Dostatochno ochevidno, chto sputniki i v samom dele obrazuyut dovol'no ploskuyu strukturu. Delo tut vot v chem. Sputniki otslezhivayut ne prosto raspredelenie temnoi materii (vse raschety provodilis' v ramkah CDM modeli). Sputniki otmechayut samye massivnye galo. Bolee melkie (o kotoryh my pisali) ostayutsya bezzvezdnymi. Massa nabiraetsya anizotropno za schet akkrecii. Vydelennye napravleniya svyazany s filomentarnoi strukturoi. Process, vklyuchayushii takuyu strukturu pokazan na risunke.

    Vse vremya krasnymi kruzhkami otslezhivaetsya polozhenie 11-ti naibolee massivnyh sputnikov. Krasnyi otrezok pokazyvaet masshtab (on sootvetstvuet soputstvuyushei dline 400 kpk). "Blin" obrazuetsya uzhe v samom nachale za schet kollapsa temnoi materii.

    Takzhe kak i v real'noi situacii v raschetah polozhenie ploskosti, v kotoroi lezhat sputniki, okazalos' prakticheski perpendikulyarnyh ploskosti galaktiki.


    kniga!!! hep-th/0503203 Fizika elementarnyh chastic i inflyacionnaya kosmologiya (Particle Physics and Inflationary Cosmology)
    Authors: Andrei Linde
    Comments: 270 pages, 35 figures

    Linde nachal vykladyvat' svoi knigi v Arhiv!!!!!!! Nikakih kommentariev.

    Dobavim, pravda, chto poyavilas' i novaya obzornaya lekciya Linde Inflation and String Cosmology.


    miniobzor hep-ph/0503257 Kosmologicheskie predely na massu neitrino dlya ne-kosmologov (Cosmological neutrino bounds for non-cosmologists)
    Authors: Max Tegmark
    Comments: 4 pages, 2 figs, in "Neutrino Physics", Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 129, eds., L Bergstrom, O. Botner, P. Carlson, P. O. Hulth, and T. Ohlsson

    Kratko obsuzhdayutsya sovremennye predely na massu neitrino, poluchennye po dannym kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Rezul'tat sostavyalet 0.42 eV. Eto ustupaet dannym po atmosfernym neitrino. Odnako avtor obsuzhdaet, kak v blizhaishee vremya iz kosmologii mozhno poluchit' bolee tochnye dannye.

    Vypusk 100. 01-10 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503093 Samyi glubokii poisk sverhnovyh po Habblovskim ul'traglubokim polyam (The Deepest Supernova Search is Realized in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey)
    Authors: Louis-Gregory Strolger, Adam G. Riess
    Comments: 24 pages (6 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journal

    Ul'traglubokie snimki, poluchennye na Kosmicheskom teleskope, pozvolyayut iskat' sverhnovye na krasnyh smesheniyah do 2.2. Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty takih poiskov. Obnaruzheno chetyre sverhnovye, odnako vse oni nahodyatsya blizhe chem z=1.4.


    astro-ph/0503200 Zvezdy temnoi energii (Dark Energy Stars)
    Authors: G. Chapline
    Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures

    Obsuzhdayutsya protivorechiya mezhdu kvantovoi mehanikoi i obshei teoriei otnositel'nosti na primere kollapsiruyushih ob'ektov. Sami "Zvezdy temnoi energii" - eto al'ternativa chernym dyram.

    Podcherknem, chto stat'ya bolee chem spornaya. Odnako interesnaya.


    lekcii gr-qc/0502110 Fenomenologicheskaya kvantovaya gravitaciya (Phenomenological Quantum Gravity)
    Authors: Dagny Kimberly, Joao Magueijo
    Comments: Lectures given at XI BSCG

    Lekcii, posvyashennye oblasti, lezhashei mezhdu sovsem uzh teoreticheskoi (prakticheski, matematicheskoi) fizikoi i nablyudeniyami (v pervuyu ochered' kosmologicheskimi). Poskol'ku eto ne special'nyi obzor, a lekcii, prochitannye na shkole, to izlozhenie bolee dostupno, chem mozhet byt' nekotorye ozhidayut. Hotya, konechno, eto i ne chtenie dlya metro.

    Krome bolee-menee standartnyh idei i podhodov avtory obsuzhdayut i nekotorye radikal'nye idei. V lekciyah takzhe zatronuty takie oblasti, svyazannye s diskussiyami v svyazi s perspektivoi sozdaniya kvantovoi gravitacii, kak kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energiya i variacii konstant.

    Vypusk 99. 15-28 fevralya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0502247 Sverhnovye na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah: kosmologicheskie prilozheniya (High Redshift Supernovae: Cosmological Implications)
    Authors: Nino Panagia
    Comments: [14 pages, 4 figures] Invited review, to be published in the proceedings of the Vulcano Workshop 2004 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli & G. Mannocchi (eds.), Italian Physical Society, Editrice Compositori, Bologna, Italy (in press)

    Dostatochno podrobnyi obzor tekushego sostoyaniya del v opredelenii kosmologicheskih parametrov po nablyudeniyam dalekih sverhnovyh tipa Ia. Nikakih sensacii net. Nablyudeniya podtverzhdayut model' s 70-procentnym vkladom lyambda-chlena. Tem ne menee obzor interesnyi, osobenno diskussiya o vozmozhnyh problemah etogo podhoda.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0502249 Kratkoe soderzhanie rabochei vstrechi po kosmologii ICGC04 (Summary of ICGC04 Cosmology Workshop)
    Authors: Tarun Souradeep
    Comments: 13 pages, 4 figures, Latex style files included; Chairperson's summary of the Workshop on Cosmology in the proceedings of ICGC-04, Jan.5-10,2004; Journal-ref: Pramana 63 (2004) 891-904

    Obzor bol'shoi konferencii po kosmologii. Interesno okinut' spektr idei i podhodov, sushestvuyushei v etoi burno razvivayusheisya nauke.


    astro-ph/0502312 Temnoe vodorodnoe oblako v skoplenii v Deve (A Dark Hydrogen Cloud in the Virgo Cluster)
    Authors: Robert Minchin et al.
    Comments: Accepted to ApJL, 12 pages

    Vazhnoe otkrytie sdelali britanskie astronomy (populyarnoe izlozhenie sm. na saite Gazeta.Ru). Neskol'ko let nazad imi byl obnaruzhen lyubopytnyi ob'ekt v skoplenii galaktik v Deve. Vse eto vremya provodilis' povtornye nablyudeniya i ih analiz. V itoge otkryta "temnaya galaktika". Zametim, chto rech' ne idet o dalekoi protogalaktike. Eto blizkii ob'ekt v "nashem" skoplenii galaktik.

    Sovremennye teorii obrazovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury predskazyvayut poyavlenie znachitel'nogo chisla temnyh galaktik. Eto galo temnoi materii, plotnost' gaza v kotoryh nedostatochno velika dlya obrazovaniya zvezd (v etom-to i sostoit prichina ih "temnoty"). Odnako, kak yasno, obnaruzhit' "temnuyu galaktiku v temnom kosmose" nelegko, dazhe esli ih tam mnogo. I vot udalos' pokazat', chto takoi ob'ekt naiden.

    Da, ne zrya ob etoi rabote napisali zametku v Nature. Pozhalui, osnovnoe znachenie etoi raboty sostoit v tom, chto podtverzhdaetsya odno iz vazhnyh predskazanii sovremennoi teorii obrazovaniya galaktik. Znachit, my idem v pravil'nom napravlenii.


    obzor astro-ph/0502328 Inflyacionnaya kosmologiya: issledovanie vselennoi ot samyh malen'kih do samyh bol'shih masshtabov (Inflationary Cosmology: Exploring the Universe from the Smallest to the Largest Scales)
    Authors: Alan H. Guth, David I. Kaiser
    Comments: 16 pages, 4 figures, written for "Einstein's Legacy" issue of Science magazine; Science 307, 884-890 (11 Feb 2005)

    Obzory, napisannye dlya zhurnala Science, otlichaet nauchnaya strogost' vmeste s dostupnost'yu lyudyam, neyavlyayushimsya uzkimi specialistami v dannoi oblasti. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena inflyacionnoi kosmologicheskoi modeli. Odin iz avtorov - Alan Gus - kak izvestno, yavlyaetsya odnim iz krestnyh otcov etoi teorii. S momenta, kogda model' byla predlozhena (nachalo 80-h) ona preterpela ser'eznye izmeneniya. O sovremennom sostoyanii del (vklyuchaya nablyudatel'nye testy) mozhno prochest' v obzore.


    Vypusk 98. 01-14 fevralya 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0502032 Kosmologicheskie syurprizy modelei temnoi energii dlya "mira-na-brane" (Cosmological Surprises from Braneworld models of Dark Energy)
    Authors: Varun Sahni
    Comments: latex 20 pages, 11 figures; invited talk at the 14th international workshop on General relativity and Gravitation, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Nov 29-Dec 3, 2004, Kyoto, Japan

    Dlya resheniya problemy prirody temnoi energii primenyayut raznye podhody, v tom chisle i modeli s branami.

    V obzore obsuzhdayutsya osnovnye idei takogo podhoda. Perechislyayutsya vazhneishie preimushestva, davaemye teoriyami s privlecheniem bran. Tak, naprimer, uskorennoe rasshirenie mozhet byt' lish' epizodom v zhizni Vselennoi, togda snimayutsya problemy, svyazannye s "bol'shim razryvom".


    obzor astro-ph/0502088 Fazovye korrelyacii i topologicheskie parametry krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (Phase Correlations and Topological Measures of Large-scale Structure)
    Authors: Peter Coles
    Comments: 30 pages, 4 figures, to appear in `Data Analysis in Cosmology'', eds V.J. Martinez, E. Martnez-Gonzalez, M.J. Pons-Borderia and E. Saar, Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Physics. Uses Springer-Verlag style

    Sovremennaya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura Vselennoi vyrosla iz pervonachal'nyh fluktuacii plotnosti. Po dannym o raspredelenii galaktik ochen' trudno sudit' o parametrah flukuacii v rannei Vselennoi. Gorazdo luchshe dlya etoi celi podhodyat dannye, kotorye mozhno izvlech' iz nablyudenii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Imenno ob etom rasskazyvaet avtor v svoih lekciyah.


    obzor astro-ph/0502093 Analiz polyarizacii kosmichekogo mikrovolnovogo fonovogo izlucheniya (Cosmic microwave background polarization analysis)
    Authors: Anthony Challinor
    Comments: Summer school lecture notes. To appear in Data analysis in cosmology' (Springer LNP), Valencia, 6-10 September 2004

    Kak vy pomnite, sovsem nedavno v neskol'kih eksperimentah byla zaregistrirovana polyarizaciya reliktovogo izlucheniya. Eto chrezvychaino vazhno, t.k. pozvolyaet "vytashit'" principial'no novuyu informaciyu. A vot o tom, chto eto za informaciya, i kak ee mozhno poluchit', chitaite v obzore.


    obzor astro-ph/0502105 Issledovaniya geometrii, topologii i morfologii krupnomasshtabnoi sturktury s ispol'zovaniem funkcionalov Minkovskogo (Exploring the Geometry, Topology and Morphology of Large Scale Structure using Minkowski Functionals)
    Authors: Jatush V. Sheth, Varun Sahni
    Comments: latex, 20 pages, 12 figures; Invited article; to appear in Current Science (special section on Cosmology)

    V obzore rasskazyvaetsya o metode, kotoryi pokazal sebya ochen' effektivnym pri sravnenii dannyh nablyudenii po raspredeleniyu galaktik v bol'shih masshtabah s predskazaniyami razlichnyh teorii.


    lekcii astro-ph/0502139 Kosmologiya i astrofizika (Cosmology and Astrophysics)
    Authors: Juan Garcia-Bellido
    Comments: 76 pages, 36 figures, invited Lectures, to appear in the Proceedings of the CERN-JINR European School of High Energy Physics, San Feliu (Spain), 30 May - 12 June 2004

    Bol'shoi horoshii obzor dlya teh, kto v samom dele hochet razobrat'sya. Obzor s formulami, no tut bez nih i ne oboidesh'sya. Horosho podobrany risunki i tablicy. V obshem, povtorimsya, dlya teh, kto hochet razobrat'sya - poleznaya vesh'!


    lekcii i obzory astro-ph/0502215 Bariony v galo temnoi materii (Baryons in Dark Matter Halos)
    Authors: R.J. Dettmar, U. Klein, P. Salucci
    Comments: 6 pages

    V etoi korotkoi zametke predstavleno vvedenie k sborniku materialov konferencii "Bariony v galo temnoi materii". Odnako vazhno ukazat', chto sami materialy dostupny v elektronnom vide. Na nash vzglyad, eto seichas samyi pravil'nyi sposob. Ne stoit kazhdyi raz izdavat' tirazhom vsego v 100 ekzemplyarov dorogoi malochitaemyi tom. A vot delat' on-lainovye sborniki - ochen' polezno (pri etom dostatochno polozhit' v Arhiv vsego lish' vvedenie i ssylku). Vse eto mozhno tol'ko privetstvovat'.

    Otmetim takzhe, chto materialy mnogih konferencii dostupny cherez sait pos.sissa.it/.


    obzor astro-ph/0502234 Novaya kosmologiya so skopleniyami galaktik (New Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies)
    Authors: Peter Schuecker
    Comments: 32 pages, 10 figures, invited review at the joint conference of the Czech Astron. Society and the Astron. Gesell. To appear in Reviews in Modern Astronomy 18 on "From Cosmolgical Structures to the Milky Way", ed. S. Roeser

    Novye pribory - v pervuyu ochered' rentgenovskie sputniki - dayut mnogo informacii po skopleniyam galaktik. Skopleniya, v svoyu ochered', yavlyayutsya vazhneishim elementom krupnomasshtabnoi struktury Vselennoi. A, znachit, chrezvychaino vazhny v sovremennoi kosmologii.Obo vsem etom (vklyuchaya novye fizicheskie idei) i idet rech' v obzore.


    astro-ph/0502049 Mini-galo s massoi Zemli razrushayutsya prilivami iz-za tesnyh sblizhenii so zvezdami (Earth-mass mini-halos are tidally disrupted by close encounters with stars)
    Authors: HongSheng Zhao, James Taylor, Joseph Silk, Dan Hooper
    Comments: 2 pages, no fig

    V proshlom vypuske my rasskazali ob interesneishei rabote Diemand et al. (sm. takzhe stat'yu na Granyah.Ru). Dannaya zhe rabota predstavlyaet soboi kritiku etoi raboty.

    V ochen' korotkoi zametke, ch'ya sut' yasno vyrazhena uzhe zagolovkom, avtory delayut ocenki, kotorye pozvolyayut im zaklyuchit', chto obsuzhdaemye mini-galo temnoi materii s massoi poryadka massy Zemli budut razrushat'sya prilivnym obrazom za schet tesnyh sblizhenii so zvezdami. T.o. Zemlya mozhet ne prohodit' periodicheski cherez takoe mini-galo, a pryamo seichas nahodit'sya v prilivnom hvoste odnogo iz razrushennyh mini-galo..


    astro-ph/0502213 K voprosu o vyzhivanii i razrushenii mini-galo s massoi poryadka zemnoi (On the survival and disruption of Earth mass CDM micro-haloes)
    Authors: Ben Moore et al.
    Comments: Comment on Zhao etal (astro-ph/0502049)

    Otvet avtorov raboty Diemand et al. na kritiku Zhang et al..

    Mur i dr. polagayut, chto Zhang i ego soavtory zavysili plotnost' zvezd v galo nashei Galaktiki. Ne otricaya v principe fakta vozdeistviya zvezd, Mur i dr. pokazyvayut, chto harakternoe vremya razrusheniya mini-galo dostatochno veliko, chtoby dazhe poteryav vneshnie svoi chasti mini-galo sohranilo yadro i moglo byt' nablyudaemo kak gamma-istochnik. T.e. avtory pervonachal'noi raboty ( Diemand et al.) schitayut, chto ih osnovnye vyvody ostayutsya v sile. kotorye mogli by razrushat' mini-galo.


    astro-ph/0502223 Ukazanie na pervichnoe skuchivanie vokrug kvazara SDSS J1030+0524 na z=6.28 (Evidence for Primordial Clustering Around the QSO SDSS J1030+0524 at z=6.28)
    Authors: M. Stiavelli et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures; accepted by ApJL

    Issledovanie okrestnostei dalekogo kvazara s pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa pokazalo izbytok ob'ektov vokrug nego. Istochniki eti byli otobrany po svoim cvetovym harakteristikam takim obrazom, chto mozhno polagat', chto bol'shinstvo iz nih takzhe nahoditsya na z poryadka 6.

    Esli eto rezul'tat budet podtverzhden (v pervuyu ochered' hotelos' by poluchit' dostatochno horoshie spektry ob'ektov, chtoby podtverdit' ih krasnoe smeshenie; otbor po cvetu vse-taki nedostatochno nadezhen dlya odnoznachnogo vyvoda), to eto budet otkrytiem samogo dalekogo iz izvestnyh elementa krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Poka lish' dlya odnogo ob'ekta poluchen spektr (s pomosh'yu teleskopa Keck I). Krasnoe smeshenie okazalos' ravnym 5.970, chto podtverzhdaet pravil'nost' otbora po cvetu.


    Vypusk 97. 17-31 yanvarya 2005

    astro-ph/0501589 Galo temnoi materii s massoi poryadka zemnoi kak pervye struktury v rannei Vselennoi (Earth-mass dark-matter haloes as the first structures in the early Universe)
    Authors: Juerg Diemand, Ben Moore, Joachim Stadel
    Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures, published in Nature, January 27, 2005; Nature 433 (2005) 389 - 391

    Potryasayushe interesnyi rezul'tat poluchen v rezul'tate chislennogo modelirovaniya! Gruppa shveicarskih astrofizikov schitaet, chto pervye struktury vo Vselennoi imeli massu poryadka massy Zemli (razmer byl pri etom poryadka razmera Solnechnoi sistemy). Oni pokazyvayut, chto pri realistichnyh predpolozheniyah do 1015 takih obrazovanii iz temnoi materii (iz neitralino, v dannom sluchae) dolzhny byli sohranit'sya v galo Galaktiki. Raz v neskol'ko tysyach let takoe galo dolzhno prohodit' cherez Solnechnuyu sistemu.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0501590 Vzlet i padenie teorii kosmicheskih strun (The Rise and Fall of the Cosmic String Theory for Cosmological Perturbations)
    Authors: L. Perivolaropoulos
    Comments: Invited Review at the DPU Workshop: The Density Fluctuations in the Universe: Beyond the Inflaton Paradigm (Athens, June 2004) (see http://www.physics.ntua.gr/dpu/). 13 two column pages, 5 figures

    Avtor polagaet, chto teoriya kosmicheskih strun v primenenii k kosmologicheskim vozmusheniyam plotnosti yavlyaetsya prekrasnym primerom zdorovogo progressa v nauke. Za otnositel'no korotkii srok byla vydvinuta horosho motivirovannaya gipoteza. Zatem gipoteza byla razrabotana do urovnya polnocennoi teorii s chetkimi predskazaniyami. Predskazaniya byli provereny i otbrosheny. T.o. za neskol'ko desyatiletii teoriya proshla ves' put' "po Popperu" ot idei do musornoi korziny. Ogovorimsya. Musornye korziny byvayut raznye. V dannom sluchae teoriya sygrala bol'shuyu rol' v razvitii kosmologii (da i ne tol'ko kosmologii), poetomu razumeetsya, ne stoit prinizhat' ee znachenie!


    miniobzor astro-ph/0501675 Kardassianskoe rasshirenie: plotnost' temnoi energii za schet izmeneniya uravnenii Fridmana (Cardassian Expansion: Dark Energy Density from Modified Friedmann Equations)
    Authors: Katherine Freese
    Comments: 7 pages, 1 figure, in press, New Astronomy Reviews

    Korotkii obzor, posvyashennyi odnoi iz al'ternaivnyh teorii v sovremennoi kosmologii. Osnovnaya sut' modeli sostoit v nebol'shoi modifikacii uravnenii Fridmana. Poluchayushayasya ploskaya Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem bezo vsyakogo vklada "vakuumnogo chlena". Mozhno obsuzhdat' razlichnye interpretacii predlozhennoi teorii. Naprimer, model' mozhet rabotat' v "mire bran", t.e. v ramkah populyarnoi seichas teorii o "zhizni na brane".

    Vypusk 96. 01-16 yanvarya 2005

    miniobzor astro-ph/0501057 Razborki s temnoi energiei (Dealing with Dark Energy)
    Authors: Eric V. Linder
    Comments: 14 pages, 2 figures; to be published in 5th International Heidelberg Conference, DARK2004

    Konechno, perevod zagolovka stat'i ne vpolne adekvaten, tem ne menee, na nash vzglyad, on "catchy" i peredaet smysl proishodyashego: nuzhno imenno chto razobrat'sya s etim fenomenom.

    Ne budem pereskazyvat' soderzhanie obzora. V nem opisany osnovnye dostizheniya, problemy i plany, svyazannye s temnoi energiei.


    obzor astro-ph/0501189 Forma kosmosa po dannym WMAP (The Shape of Space after WMAP data)
    Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
    Comments: 19 pages, 9 postscript figures. Invited talk at the XXV Brazilian National Meeting on Elementary Particles and Fields, 23-27 August 2004. To be published in Brazilian Journal of Physics

    Navernoe, mnogim pamyatna diskussiya, razgorevshayasya posle publikacii raboty Luminet s soavtorami v Nature. V etom obzore on daet svodku rezul'tatov (i podhodov) svyazannyh s izucheniem topologii Vselennoi po dannym o reliktovom izluchenii.


    obzor hep-ph/0501100 Neitrino i pervichnyi nukleosintez (Neutrinos And Big Bang Nucleosynthesis)
    Authors: Gary Steigman
    Comments: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 129, "Neutrino Physics"; to appear in Physics Scripta, eds., L Bergstrom, O. Botner, P. Carlson, P. O. Hulth, and T. Ohlsson

    Predskazaniya teorii pervichnogo nukleosinteza mozhno proveryat' po dannym izmerenii obiliya nekotoryh elementov. V svoyu ochered', teoriya zavyazana na svoistva reliktovyh neitrino. Znachit, mozhno prokinut' mostik ot nablyudenii obiliya elementov k svoistvam neitrino.

    Vypusk 95. 22-31 dekabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0412565 Kak modelirovat' Vselennuyu v komp'yutere (How to simulate the Universe in a Computer)
    Authors: Alexander Knebe
    Comments: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PASA (refereed proceedings contribution for the meeting "Gravity 2004" held in Sydney, April 15-16, 2004)

    Kratko opisany osnovnye metody kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya metodom mnogih tel (N-body). Poskol'ku dannye po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture yavlyayutsya odnim iz kitov, na kotoryh stoit sovremennaya kosmologiya, sovetuem oznakomit'sya s etim obzorom.


    obzor astro-ph/0412601 Teoreticheskie instrumenty dlya fiziki anizotropii relikta (Theoretical tools for the physics of CMB anisotropies)
    Authors: Massimo Giovannini
    Comments: 145 pages, 6 figures

    Fakticheski vse, chto nuzhno znat' dlya analiza anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, sobrano v etom obzore.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0412629 Nablyudeniya magnitnyh polei na bol'shih masshtabah (Observing Magnetic Fields on Large Scale)
    Authors: Lawrence Rudnick
    Comments: To be published in JKAS, from proceedings of the 3rd Korean Astrophysics Workshop, 16-20 Aug., 2004, "International Conference on Cosmic Rays and Magnetic Fields in Large Scale Structure." 7 pages, 7 color figures

    V avguste v Koree proshla konferenciya, posvyashennaya v osnovnom magnitnym polyam na bol'shih masshtabah. Pod poslednimi ponimayutsya razmery bolee megaparseka, t.e. rech' idet o polyah v masshtabah skoplenii galaktik, o mezhgalakticheskih polyah i t.d. Informacii zdes' sovsem nemnogo, t.k. polya slaby, i nablyudat' ih ochen' neprosto. Sobstvenno, avtor kratko obsuzhdaet imenno selektivnost' nashih znanii o krupnomasshtabnyh magnitnyh polyah.

    Dumaetsya, chto v blizhaishee vremya poyavitsya eshe nemalo statei, napravlennyh v materialy etoi konferencii.


    Vypusk 94. 13-21 dekabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0412354 Ot COBE do WMAP (From COBE to WMAP: A Decade of Data Under Scrutiny)
    Authors: Louise M. Ord
    Comments: 9 pages, 6 figures (uses vietnam.sty). To appear in the proceedings of the 5th Rencontres du Vietnam "New Views on the Universe", Aug 5-11, 2004

    Osnovnaya tema obzora - ispol'zovanie dannyh po reliktovomu izlucheniyu v kosmologii. Kratko opisano chto i kak mozhno uznat' o nashei Vselennoi iz nablyudenii mikrovolnovogo fona, opisana standartnaya model' i rassmotreno, chto my mozhem ozhidat' v techenie blizhaishih 10 let v etoi oblasti astrofiziki.


    Vypusk 93. 01-12 dekabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0412170 Kandidaty v temnuyu materiyu (Dark Matter Candidates)
    Authors: Edward A. Baltz
    Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures. Lecture given at the 32nd SLAC Summer Institute

    Kratko obsuzhdayutsya osnovnye kandidaty v temnuyu materiyu. Rassmatrivayutsya v tom chisle i ekzoticheskie, no aktivno diskutiruemye, vozmozhnosti.

    Obzor ochen' horosho strukturirovan, i ego vsyacheski mozhno rekomendovat'. Bol'shoe kolichestvo ssylok pomozhet naiti pervoistochniki obsuzhdaemyh idei ili zhe vazhnye sovremennye original'nye publikacii po sootvetstvuyushim voprosam.


    Vypusk 91. 01-14 noyabrya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0411043 Kosmologicheskoe modelirovanie metodom mnogih chastic: metody, zadachi i sostoyanie (Cosmological N-Body simulation: Techniques, Scope and Status)
    Authors: J.S. Bagla
    Comments: Invited Review; To appear in Current Science (special issue on Cosmology, Guest editor T.Padmanabhan)

    Naravne s dannymi po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i pervichnomu nukleosintezu issledovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury yavlyayutsya odnim iz stolpov, na kotoryh stoit zdanie sovremennoi kosmologii. S teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya rassmotrenie modelei obrazovaniya galaktik i ih skoplenii i sverhskoplenii svoditsya v osnovnom kak raz k metodu mnogih chastic (N-Body simulations). V stat'e provoditsya obstoyatel'nyi obzor dannogo metoda komp'yuternogo modelirovaniya.

    Otmetim, chto poyavilos' eshe neskol'ko obzorov, kotorye budut napechatany v special'nom vypuske Current Science.

    astro-ph/0411283 Temnaya energiya chastic (Particle Dark Energy)
    Authors: Simon DeDeo
    Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

    Stat'ya o fizike chastic, vzaimodeistvuyushih s kondensatom (t.e. s temnoi energiei). Dannaya model' daet celyi ryad predskazanii, u nee net malyh parametrov, no ona, konechno, trebuet proverki.


    Vypusk 90. 25-31 oktyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0410541 Vliyanie sverh-Habblovskih vozmushenii na kosmologiyu (Cosmological influence of super-Hubble perturbations)
    Authors: Edward W. Kolb, Sabino Matarrese, Alessio Notari, Antonio Riotto
    Comments: 4 pages, 0 figures

    Soglasno inflyacionnoi teorii, nachal'nye kvantovye vozmusheniya v moment bol'shogo vzryva na stadii inflyacii prevrashayutsya v ochen' shirokii spektr vozmushenii: ot mikroskopicheskih do prevyshayushih (vozmozhno na mnogo poryadkov) sovremennyi razmer Vselennoi (Habblovskii radius). Osnovnoi ideei dannoi zametki yavlyaetsya utverzhdenie, chto sverh-Habblovskie vozmusheniya okazyvayut vpolne nablyudaemoe vozdeistvie na kosmologicheskie processy v nablyudaemoi nami oblasti Vselennoi.

    [Zametim, chto k takim zhe vyvodam po dannomu voprosu prishli okolo 15 let nazad ryad avtorov, naprimer, L.P.Grishuk.]


    hep-ph/0410356 Kosmologicheskaya evolyuciya seti domennyh sten (The Cosmological Evolution of Domain Wall Networks)
    Authors: J.C.R.E.Oliveira, C.J.A.P.Martins, P.P.Avelino
    Comments: 7 pages, submitted to Phys Rev D

    Avtory izuchili evolyucii sistemy domennyh stenok v dvuh, treh I chetyrehmernyh prostranstvah.


    Vypusk 90: Obzory

    obzor astro-ph/0410609 Sverhnovye tipa Ia i kosmologiya (Type Ia Supernovae and Cosmology)
    Authors: Alexei V. Filippenko
    Comments: 39 pages, 17 figures

    Sverhnovye tipa Ia yavlyayutsya prekrasnymi standartnymi svechami s dostatochnoi dlya kosmologicheskih issledovanii yavkost'yu. S ih pomosh'yu byli prodelany sleduyushie izmereniya: postoyannaya Habbla - H0=72+/-8 km/s/Mpk (po sverhnovym s z<0.1); plotnost' Vselennoi i kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya - ΩΛ=0.72 i ΩM=0.28 (primerno po 200 sverhnovym); vozrast Vselennoi t=13.1+/-1.5 Gyr (po sverhnovym s z=1.0-1.7). Srednee vremya mezhdu obrazovaniem zvezdy i vspyshkoi ee kak sverhnovoi (tipa Ia) sostavlyaet primerno 3 milliarda let.

    V obzore vy naidete eshe mnogo interesnogo.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0410684 Zvezdoobrazovanie i himicheskaya evolyuciya na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Star Formation and Chemical Evolution at High Redshift)
    Authors: Chip Kobulnicky
    Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures

    V etom obzore rassmotreny mehanizmy obogasheniya metallami v galaktikah na srednih i bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, vklyuchaya tempy zvezdoobrazovaniya, pogloshenie pyl'yu, kinematiku i himicheskih sostav mezhzvezdnoi sredy v galaktikah s moshnym zvezdoobrazovaniem. Na malyh krasnyh smesheniyah z=0-3 temp obogasheniya metallami sostavlyaet ΔZ/Δz=0.18-0.26 dex, chto gorazdo nizhe predskazyvaemogo kosmologicheskimi modelyami na bolee rannih etapah.


    obzor gr-qc/0410129 Gravitaciya i kosmologiya v Mirah-na-brane (Gravitation and cosmology in brane-worlds)
    Authors: David Langlois
    Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures

    Izuchenie Mirov-na-brane - populyarnoe napravlenie sovremennoi kosmologii, v kotorom nashe 4-mernoe prostranstvo-vremya predpolagaetsya vlozhennym v ob'emlyushee prostranstvo bol'shei razmernosti. Avtor rassmatrivaet tol'ko 5-mernye prostranstva, a osnovnoe vnimanie udelyaet svoistvam gravitacii v etih mirah i osobennostyam ih kosmologii.



    Vypusk 89. 18-25 oktyabrya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0410418 Litii v ochen' bednyh metallami zvezdah: problemy standartnogo pervichnogo nukleosinteza? (Lithium in Very Metal-poor Dwarf Stars - Problems for Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis?)
    Authors: David L. Lambert
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures

    Standartnyi scenarii pervichnogo nukleosinteza, parametry kotorogo vyvedeny iz nablyudenii anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya (po dannym WMAP) predskazyvaet opredelennoe obilie izotopov 6Li i 7Li. Pri etom obilie 7Li primerno na tri poryadka vyshe, chem nablyudaemoe v samyh bednyh metallami zvezdah, a obilie 6Li, naoborot, na tri poryadka nizhe, chem v etih zvezdah.

    V obzore obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnost' razresheniya dannogo protivorechiya v ramkah standartnogo scenariya pervichnogo nukleosinteza.


    Vypusk 88. 11-17 oktyabrya 2004

    miniobzor gr-qc/0410032 Kosmologicheskie modeli dlya mira na brane (Braneworld Cosmological Models)
    Authors: E. Papantonopoulos
    Comments: Talk given at Pascos04/Nath Fest, Boston, August 16-22, 2004, 11 pages, no figures

    Korotkii obzor, v kotorom predstavleny osnovnye kosmologicheskie modeli dlya mira na brane. Vnimanie: obzor korotkii, no formul mnogo!


    astro-ph/0410309 Sud'ba svyazannyh sistem v kosmologiyah s fantomnoi temnoi energiei i kvintessenciei (The Fate of Bound Systems in Phantom and Quintessence Cosmologies)
    Authors: S. Nesseris, L. Perivolaropoulos
    Comments: 9 two-column pages, 8 figures. The mathematica file for the numerical analysis of the paper is available at http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/bigrip.htm

    Vse pomnyat, kakoi byl rezonans posle publikacii pervyh rabot po Bol'shomu razryvu. V dannoi rabote avtory predstavlyayut novyi analiz, prodolzhayushii raschety Caldwell & Co.

    Ochen' hochetsya predvarit' opisanie rezul'tatov frazoi v duhe "Bol'shoi razryv nastupit namnogo ran'she". Da, rezul'taty svodyatsya k tomu, chto Razryv, skazhem, Mlechnogo Puti proizoidet na 60 millionov let ran'she, chem po raschetam Caldwell i dr. Odnako, uchityvaya, chto rech' idet o milliardah let, bespokoit'sya ne o chem.

    Podrobnee o modeli s Bol'shim Razryvom mozhno prochest' zdes'.


    Vypusk 87. 01-10 oktyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0410073 Vozrozhdenie kosmicheskih strun? (Cosmic strings reborn?)
    Authors: T.W.B. Kibble
    Comments: 16 pp, Invited Lecture at COSLAB 2004, held at Ambleside, Cumbria, United Kingdom, from 10 to 17 September 2004

    Chto takoe "kosmicheskaya struna" - vsem horosho izvestno. Poetomu ob avtore. Kibbl - tvorec kosmicheskih strun (tochnee koncepcii).

    Lekciya posvyashena nekotoromu renessansu. Neskol'ko let nazad schitalos', chto kosmicheskie struny polnost'yu "zakryty". Dannye (v pervuyu ochered' nablyudeniya kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona) nalagayut slishkom zhestkie ogranicheniya na ih sushestvovanie. Odnako seichas Kibbl polon entuziazma i nadezhd. Svyazyvaet on eto s dvumya rabotami po gravitacionnomu linzirovaniya.

    Vo-pervyh, eto nablyudeniya sluchaya neobychnogo linzirovaniya (Sazhin i dr. 2003). Odnoi iz vozmozhnyh interpretacii kak raz yavlyaetsya kosmicheskaya struna. Vo-vtoryh, eto nablyudeniya kolebanii yarkosti u nekotoryh gravitacionnyh linz (Schild et al. 2004).

    Ponyatno, chto avtoru idei ochen' hochetsya uvidet' nablyudatel'nye podtverzhdeniya teorii. Odnako poka rano govorit', chto kosmicheskie struny otkryty. No vozrozhdenie interesa k etim ob'ektam mozhet privesti k novym otkrytiyam. naprimer, v fizike kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii.


    astro-ph/0410103 Hameleonnaya temnaya energiya (Chameleon Dark Energy)
    Authors: Ph. Brax et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the "Phi in the Sky" conference, 8-10 July 2004, Porto, Portugual

    Kaemsya, ne uvereny, chto perevod nazvaniya adekvaten. Odnako stat'ya privlekla nashe vnimanie tem, chto vsego na pyati stranicah dostupno izlozhena koncepciya odnogo iz tipov temnoi energii, ideya kotorogo byla predlozhena sovsem nedavno.

    Hameleony - skalyarnye polya. Nazvanie svyazano s tem, chto massa polya zavisit ot okruzheniya (kak okraska hameleona). T.e. vklad hameleonov v temnuyu energiyu izmenyaetsya s evolyuciei vselennoi. Krome togo, dazhe v dannyi moment vremeni massa hameleona budet zaviset ot okruzhayushego veshestva (t.e., naprimer, na Zemle v laboratorii ona budet ne takoi, kak v kosmose). I imenno v etom vidyat prityagatel'nost' modeli.


    dissertaciya astro-ph/0410115 Anizotropiya kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya: za standartnymi parametrami (Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies: Beyond Standard Parameters)
    Authors: Roberto Trotta
    Comments: PhD thesis, 231 pages, 50+ low resolution figures to comply with arXiv restrictions. Higher resolution version available from http://mpej.unige.ch/~trotta/html/thesis.htm

    Kak obychno rekomenduem disertaciyu v kachestve podrobnogo obstoyatel'nogo obzora.


    astro-ph/0410132 Linzirovannye galaktiki na ochen' bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Very High-Redshift Lensed Galaxies)
    Authors: R. Pello et al.
    Comments: 14 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 225: The Impact of Gravitational Lensing on Cosmology, Y. Mellier and G. Meylan, Eds

    V nastoyashee vremya sushestvuet proekt, cel'yu kotorogo yavlyaetsya obnaruzhenie i issledovanie galaktik na z>7 s pomosh'yu gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya. V etom sluchae skopleniya galaktik ispol'zuyutsya kak svoeobraznyi teleskop: massa veshestva skopleniya fokusiruet svet, idushii ot galaktiki, lezhashei daleko za skopleniem. V stat'e predstavleny pervye poluchennye rezul'taty.

    Rezul'taty svodyatsya k spisku kandidatov. Vyyavlenie iskazhennyh izobrazhenii dalekih galaktik na fone skopleniya yavlyaetsya ochen' trudnoi zadachei, poetomu avtory podrobno (naskol'ko eto vozmozhno v materialah konferencii) opisyvayut metodiku otbora.

    Samyi interesnyi kandidat - A1835-1916, kotoryi, vozmozhno, nahoditsya na z=10.


    obzor astro-ph/0410173 Otslezhivanie kosmologicheskoi evolyucii po skopleniyam galaktik (Tracing cosmic evolution with clusters of galaxies)
    Authors: G. Mark Voit
    Comments: 54 pages, 15 figures, Rev. Mod. Phys. (in press)

    Bol'shoi horoshii obzor po skopleniyam galaktik. V osnovnom avtor govorit o krupnomasshtabnoi strukture i svyazannyh s neyu aspektah evolyucii Vselennoi, a takzhe ob obrazovanii pervyh zvezd i galaktik.

    Otmetim takzhe vtoroi svezhii obzor: svyazannyi so skopleniyami galaktik Magnetic Field in Clusters of Galaxies.


    Vypusk 86. 20-30 sentyabrya 2004

    lekcii astro-ph/0409426 Obzor kosmologii (An overview of Cosmology)
    Authors: Julien Lesgourgues
    Comments: Lecture notes for the Summer Students Programme of CERN (2002-2004). 62 pages, 30 figures. Very basic conceptual introduction to Cosmology, aimed at undergraduate students with no previous knowledge of General Relativity

    Bol'shoi obzor po kosmologii, napisannyi na dostupnom urovne. Nachinaetsya vse s samyh azov i zakanchivaetsya kvintessenciei i prochimi novomodnymi modelyami.

    V paru horosho prochest' eshe odin obzor.


    lekcii gr-qc/0409076 Kosmologiya: metody i nablyudeniya (Cosmology: Techniques and Observations)
    Authors: Emilio Elizalde
    Comments: 64 pages, 12 figures, lectures

    Eto opyat'-taki lekcii dlya nespecialistov! Poetomu prochtenie oboih obzorov vmeste privetstvuetsya. Pravda, v etom obzore uzhe soderzhatsya nekotorye tehnicheskie (matematicheskie) slozhnosti. On napisan dlya nespecialistov imenno v kosmologii, no v ostal'nom kak raz podrazumevaetsya bolee chem horoshaya fiz-mat podgotovka.


    Vypusk 85. 13-19 sentyabrya 2004

    hep-ph/0409104 Poisk temnoi materii budushimi kosmicheskimi pozitronnymi eksperimentami (Searching for Dark Matter with Future Cosmic Positron Experiments)
    Authors: Dan Hooper, Joseph Silk
    Comments: 19 pages, 33 figures

    Esli v galo Galaktiki est' temnaya materiya, to annigilyaciya ee chastic budet davat' pozitronnyi potok. Eto mozhno budet nablyudat' s pomosh'yu kosmicheskih eksperimentov AMS-02 i PAMELA (PAMELA, kstati, sozdaetsya s uchastiem rossiiskih uchenyh, v chastnosti iz MIFI, i prototip etogo apparata - NINA - uzhe uspeshno porabotal).

    Avtory obsuzhdayut neskol'ko konkretnyh kandidatov v temnuyu materiyu i, sootvetstvenno, delayut nekotorye predskazaniya otnositel'no vozmozhnogo detektirovaniya pozitronnogo signala.



    astro-ph/0409278 Kosmologiya so SKA (Cosmology with the Square Kilometre Array)
    Authors: Chris Blake, Filipe Abdalla, Sarah Bridle, Steve Rawlings
    Comments: 20 pages, 8 figures. To appear in "Science with the Square Kilometer Array", eds. C.Carilli and S.Rawlings, New Astronomy Reviews (Elsevier: Amsterdam)

    Kak yasno iz nazvaniya, stat'ya rasskazyvaet o tom, kakie kosmologicheskie zadachi mozhno reshat' s pomosh'yu SKA. Osnovnoi upor delaetsya na to, chto vsego za god SKA smozhet sdelat' obzor dostupnoi poloviny neba. Budut polucheny dannye po neskol'kim milliardam istochnikov (!). Rezul'taty izmerenii dlya milliarda galaktik na krasnom smeshenii z<1.5 pozvolit poluchit' vazhneishie dannye ob ih skuchivanii, t.e. o svoistvah krupnomasshtabnoi struktury.

    Ne vydelyaya v otdel'nuyu zametku otmetim takzhe stat'yu Probing the Dark Ages with the Square Kilometer Array, posvyashennuyu blizkoi tematike.


    obzor astro-ph/0409280 Tur po koncepciyam standartnoi kosmologicheskoi modeli (A Conceptual Tour About the Standard Cosmological Model)
    Authors: Antonio L. Maroto, Juan Ramirez
    Comments: 26 pages, 3 figures

    S nachalom XXI veka sovpalo prevrashenie semeistva blizkih Standartnyh Kosmologicheskih Modelei v odnu gorazdo bolee konsolidirovannuyu. Eto svyazano s verifikaciei dannoi modeli na gorazdo bolee tochnyh astronomicheskih dannyh. Avtory rassmatrivayut svyaz' bazovyh fizicheskih koncepcii s sovremennymi kosmologicheskimi modelyami. Osnovnye temy? Zatronutye v obzore:

    • OTO i kosmologicheskie konstanty;
    • Kosmologicheskii princip i model' Fridmana-Robertsona-Uokera;
    • Habblovskaya diagramma i temnaya energiya;
    • Krupnomasshtabnaya struktura i temnaya materiya;
    • Reliktovoe izluchenie, pervichnyi nukleosintez i inflyaciya.


    astro-ph/0409297 Kvadrupol' mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya vyzvannyi polyarizaciei na skopleniyah i filamentah (CMB Quadrupole induced polarisation from clusters and filaments)
    Authors: Guo-Chin Liu, Antonio da Silva, Nabila Aghanim
    Comments: 8 pages

    Prohozhdenie izlucheniya cherez elementy krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (skopleniya galaktik i filamenty) vyzyvaet izmenenie struktury reliktovogo fona. Eti izmeneniya ohvatyvayut vse masshtaby, vplot' do kvadrupolya. Krome togo, posle Podobnogo rasseyaniya fonovoe izluchenie okazyvaetsya polyarizovannym. Maksimum polyarizacii budet prihodit'sya na masshtaby s l=560--20000.


    astro-ph/0409380 Pervye izmereniya polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya na malyh uglovyh masshtabah na CAPMAP (First measurements of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation at small angular scales from CAPMAP)
    Authors: D. Barkats et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ

    CAPMAP - Cosmic Anisotropy Polarization MAPper. Eto nazemnyi amerikanskii proekt po izmereniyu polyarizacii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona. V stat'e predstavleny rezul'taty pervogo sezona nablyudenii. Poka est' signal lish' na urovne 2-3 standartnyh otkloneniya, t.e. eto eshe ne otkrytie.


    Vypusk 84. 01-12 sentyabrya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0409018 Pervye kosmicheskie struktury i ih proyavleniya (The First Cosmic Structures and their Effects)
    Authors: Benedetta Ciardi, Andrea Ferrara
    Comments: 96 pages, 25 figures, Space Science Reviews, in print. In this submission, several figures were compressed, resulting in a reduction in quality. A postscript file with the full figures is available at http://www.arcetri.astro.it/science/cosmology/

    Obsuzhdayutsya dostizheniya i problemy v takoi aktual'noi oblasti sovremennoi astrofiziki kak obrazovanie pervyh struktur.

    S obrazovaniem pervyh ob'ektov svyazano mnogo zagadok. Hotya my znaem uzhe galaktiki na z=10, tem ne menee my tak i ne vidim samye pervye istochniki izlucheniya. Sovremennaya teoriya schitaet, chto eto byli massivnye zvezdy, no hochetsya bol'she yasnosti... My znaem, chto aktivnost' kvazarov navernyaka svyazana so sverhmassivnymi chernymi dyrami, i my vidim kvazary na krasnyh smesheniyah 5-7. Odnako, neponyatno, kak chernye dyry uspeli nabrat' bol'shuyu massu za stol' malyi otrezok kosmicheskoi evolyucii...

    Voprosov mnogo. Mnogie iz nih obsuzhdayutsya v obzore.


    lekciya astro-ph/0409042 Kosmologicheskie fazovye perehody (Cosmological Phase Transitions)
    Authors: Norbert Straumann
    Comments: 54 pages, 9 figures, Invited lecture at the third Summer School on Condensed Matter Research, 7-14 August 2004, Zuoz, Switzerland

    V lekcii rassmotreny fazovye perehody, proishodyashie v rannei vselennoi po mere ee rasshireniya (i sootvetstvuyushih padenii temperatury i plotnosti). Tekst napolnen mnozhestvom formul, poetomu chtenie budet sovsem ne legkim ...


    miniobzor astro-ph/0409100 Priroda i evolyuciya kosmicheskogo magnetizma (The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism)
    Authors: B.M.Gaensler et al.
    Comments: 11 pages, 7 embedded.

    Magnetizm (elektromagnetizm) - odno iz chetyreh fundamental'nyh fizicheskih vzaimodeistvii. Odnako proishozhdenie magnitnyh polei v zvezdah, galaktikah i ih skopleniyah vo mnogom ostaetsya otkrytoi problemoi. Chto porodilo nachal'nye magnitnye polya? Sovremennye polya voznikli iz nachal'nyh cherez dinamo-effekty ili deistvovali drugie mehanizmy? Na eti i drugie voprosy pytaetsya otvetit' avtor dannogo obzora.


    obzor astro-ph/0409131 Sovremennyi status nablyudatel'noi kosmologii (The current status of observational cosmology)
    Authors: Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Tarun Souradeep
    Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures

    Metr astrofiziki HH veka Dzheremi Ostraiker rasskazyvaet o sovremennom sostoyanii nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Rassmatrivayutsya izmeneniya, proizoshedshie s nachalom "epohi vysokotochnoi kosmologii". Rassmatrivayutsya voprosy tochnosti opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov po nablyudeniyam anizotropii mikrovolnovogo fona i krupnomasshtabnoi struktury.


    astro-ph/0409215 Otkrytie rentgenovskogo istochnika na bol'shom z ochen' blizko ot yadra NGC 7319 (The Discovery of a High Redshift X-ray Emitting QSO Very Close to the Nucleus of NGC 7319)
    Authors: P.Galianni et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures.

    Yarkii rentgenovskii istochnik obnaruzhen s borta Chanda vsego v 8" sekundah ot yadra seifertovskoi galaktiki vtorogo tipa NGC 7319. Krasnoe smeshenie istochnik (tochnee ego opticheskogo kounterparta) sostavlyaet z=2.114, a ego rentgenovskaya svetimost', sootvetstvenno, Lx=1.5x1040 erg/s.


    Vypusk 83. 01-31 avgusta 2004

    astro-ph/0408188 VLT/UVES ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskuyu peremennost' postoyannoi tonkoi struktury (VLT/UVES constraints on the cosmological variability of the fine-structure constant)
    Authors: S.A.Levshakov et al.
    Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Astron. Astrophys

    Nablyudeniya na teleskope VLN so spektrografom UVES linii zheleza FeII v spektre kvazara Q1101-264 na z=1.839 dalo ogranichenie na peremennost' postoyannoi tonkoi struktury α: dα/α=(4.3+/-7.8)x10-6. Nablyudeniya ob'ekta HE0515-4414 na z=1.15 dalo dα/α=(0.7+/-3.1)x10-6. Eti nablyudeniya otvergayut peremennost' α i ne soglasuyutsya so znachimym rezul'tatom, poluchennym na teleskope Keck/HIRES: dα/α=(-5.7+/-1.1)x10-6.


    gipoteza astro-ph/0408341 Ogranicheniya na sil'no vzaimodeistvuyushuyu s veshestvom temnuyu materiyu po anomal'nomu progrevu Urana (Uranus' anomalously low excess heat constrains strongly interacting dark matter)
    Authors: Saibal Mitra
    Comments: 11 pages

    Uran goryachee, chem dolzhen byt'. Istochnik etogo nagreva neizvesten. Esli predpolozhit', chto on vyzyvaetsya annigillyaciei (vnutri Urana) chastic temnoi materii, to poluchitsya nizhnee ogranichenie na sechenie vzaimodeistviya temnoi i obychnoi materii.


    astro-ph/0408523 Pervichnyi nukleosintez s novym vremenem zhizni neitrona (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with a New Neutron Lifetime)
    Authors: G. J. Mathews, T. Kajino, T. Shima
    Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, Submitted to Physical Review D

    Do poslednego vremeni kanonicheskim znacheniem srednego vremenem zhizni neitrona schitalas' velichina tn=885.7+/-0.8 c. Odnako poslednie eksperimenty s ul'raholodnymi neitronami, zahvachennymi v gravitacionnuyu potencial'nuyu yamu, dayut nemnogo drugoi rezul'tat: tn=872+/-1.5 c. Takoe neznachitel'noe (~1%) izmenenie vremeni poluraspada neitrona mozhet imet' sushestvennye posledstviya dlya pervichnogo nukleosinteza: delo v tom, chto otnoshenie chisla (svobodnyh) neitronov k chislu protonov v moment nukleosinteza eksponencial'no zavisit ot ukazannogo parametra.

    Naskol'ko sil'no menyayutsya vyrabatyvaemye kolichestva 4He i 7Li i sootvetstvuet li eto nablyudeniyami, obsuzhdaetsya v dannoi stat'e.


    Vypusk 82. 01-31 iyulya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0407329 Parallel'nye miry i kosmologiya: filosofskie zametki (Multiverses and Cosmology: Philosophical Issues)
    Authors: W. R. Stoeger, G. F. R. Ellis, and U. Kirchner
    Comments: 22 pages

    Parallel'nye Vselennye interesuyut ne tol'ko fantastov, no i fizikov (i astronomov). I hotya eti zametki nazvany "filosofskimi", no rassmatrivayutsya v nih vpolne fizicheskie voprosy:

    • prichina tonkoi podgonki kosmologicheskih parametrov;
    • vybor mirov iz vozmozhnyh sluchainyh raspredelenie;
    • antropnyi princip v parallel'nyh mirah;
    • scenarii obrazovaniya parallel'noi Vselennoi;
    • i ryad drugih.


    astro-ph/0407586 Antropnye predskazaniya: sluchai kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (Anthropic predictions: the case of the cosmological constant)
    Authors: Alexander Vilenkin
    Comments: 14 pages, 1 fugure. Contribution to "Universe or Multiverse", ed. by B.J. Carr, to be published by Cambridge University Press

    Antropnyi princip yavlyaetsya ochen' populyarnym sposobom ob'yasneniya nekotoryh kosmologicheskih paradoksov. Napomnim sut'. Esli nekotorye fizicheskie parametry mogut prinimat' razlichnye znacheniya, odnako lish' dlya nekotoryh iz nih vozmozhno sushestvovanie nablyudatelei (t.e. nas s vami), to nablyudat' my s vami budem imenno takuyu vselennuyu, gde nashe sushestvovanie vozmozhno.

    Za poslednie gody antropnyi princip poluchil nekotoroe razvitie, i v stat'e vy naidete bolee prodvinutoe antropnoe rassuzhdenie na temu "pochemu kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya imenno takova". v sleduyushei stat'e privoditsya konstruktivnaya kritika antropnogo principa....


    hep-th/0407213 Nauchnye al'ternativy antropnomu principu (Scientific alternatives to the anthropic principle)
    Authors: Lee Smolin
    Comments: 43 pages, Contribution to "Universe or Multiverse", ed. by Bernard Carr et. al., to be published by Cambridge University Press. Some references and clarifications added

    Kritika antropnogo principa, privodimaya v dannoi stat'e, osnovyvaetsya na utverzhdenii o tom, chto princip ne mozhet dat' nikakih fal'sificiruemyh predskazaniya, a potomu ne mozhet yavlyat'sya chast'yu nauki (ochevidno v popperovskom ponimanii etogo slova). Stat'ya ves'ma i ves'ma interesna. Odnako zametim, chto vse-taki antropnyi princip UZhE daval vernye fal'sificiruemye predskazaniya. Poetomu problema v tom kak i v kakoi oblasti princip primenyaetsya.


    obzor physics/0407078 Princip Maha (Mach's Principle)
    Authors: Herbert Lichtenegger and Bahram Mashhoon
    Comments: 20 pages Subj-class: History of Physics; General Physics

    V nachale 20 veka Mah predpolozhil, chto inerciya lyubogo tela vyzvana ego vzaimodeistviem s udalennymi telami Vselennoi, a v pustom mire dvizhenie tel byli by bezynercionnymi. Etot princip ploho sochetaetsya s Obshei Teoriei Otnositel'nosti Einshteina, no po-prezhnemu vyzyvaet interes kak u fizikov, tak i u filosofov.

    V dannom obzore princip Maha rassmotren s tochki zreniya sovremennoi fiziki.


    Vypusk 80. (01) - 12-20 iyunya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0406285 Pryamye poiski nebarionnoi temnoi materii: Obzor eksperimentov (Direct Non-baryonic Dark Matter Search - An experimental Review)
    Authors: S. Fiorucci
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

    Chasticy temnoi materii ochen' slabo vzaimodeistvuyut s obychnym veshestvom, inache by ih uzhe davno obnaruzhili i issledovali. Do sih por ne yasno, kakoi imenno sort chastic (ili sorta) obrazuyut temnoe veshestvo i, sootvetstvenno, v kakie specificheskie dlya dannyh sortov chastic reakcii oni mogut vstupat'. No vse modeli predskazyvayut, chto "temnye" chasticy budut rasseivat'sya na obychnom veshestve (protonah, neitronah, elektronah i sostavlennyh iz nih yadrah i atomah). Eshe odnoi slozhnost'yu poiska podobnyh chastic, yavlyaetsya nalichie pochti izotropnogo i pochti stacionarnogo ih fona, kotoryi nado vydelit' na fone teplovyh i prochih shumov detektora.

    V celom ryade eksperimentov (kak zakonchennyh, tak i planiruemyh) obnaruzhenie temnoi materii bylo libo osnovnoi cel'yu, libo pobochnoi vozmozhnost'yu.


    Tablica zavershennyh i prodolzhayushihsya eksperimentov

    A sam obzor ochen' interesnyi i ponyatnyi.


    gr-qc/0406027 Kosmologiya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta (A varying-c cosmology)
    Authors: Hossein Shojaie, Mehrdad Farhoudi
    Comments: 18 pages

    Vot vpolne nauchnyi primer postroeniya al'ternativnoi kosmologicheskoi teorii, v kotoroi skorost' sveta menyaetsya so vremenem (s vozrastom Vselennoi). Rekomenduyu prochitat' etu stat'yu vsem, interesuyushimsya gravitaciei, kak s ortodoksal'nyh, tak i s al'ternativnyh pozicii. Pravda v etoi stat'e dostatochno slozhnaya matematika (kak i v drugih stat'yah dannogo napravleniya).


    miniobzor astro-ph/0406320 Pervichnyi nukleosintez dlya peshehodov (BBN For Pedestrians)
    Authors: James P. Kneller, Gary Steigman
    Comments: 10 pages, 15 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physics

    Prosteishaya, standartnaya model' pervichnogo nukleosinteza (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis =BBN) predpolagaet nalichie 3 sortov neitrino i otsutstvie sushestvennoi asimmetrii elektronnyh neitrino. Pri takih predpolozheniyah v etoi modeli ostaetsya tol'ko odin parametr: otnoshenie chisla barionov k chislu fotonov η. Znaya zavisimost' kolichestva pervichnyh nuklidov (D, 4He, 7Li, 3He) mozhno popytat'sya opredelit' znachenie η. No opredelit' kolichestva pervichnyh nuklidov ne prosto: popadaya v zvezdy nekotorye iz nih oni vygorayut, a mezhzvezdnaya sreda (s pervichnymi elementami) zasoryaetsya (vetrom teh zhe zvezd). V ne standartnyh BBN-modelyah bol'she svobody i parametrov. Vse eto rassmatrivaetsya v obzore, ob'em kotorogo rasschitan na nebol'shuyu peshehodnuyu progulku.


    Vypusk 78. 13-31 maya 2004

    astro-ph/0405232 Zond dlya sverhnovyh i uskoreniya: kosmicheskii eksperiment po izucheniyu prirody temnoi energii (Supernova / Acceleration Probe: A Satellite Experiment to Study the Nature of the Dark Energy)
    Authors: SNAP Collaboration
    Comments: 40 pages, 18 figures, submitted to PASP, http://snap.lbl.gov

    Opisyvaetsya proekt SNAP: The Supernova / Acceleration Probe. Ideya sostoit v nablyudenii bol'shogo chisla dalekih sverhnovyh pervogo tipa (Ia) s pomosh'yu specializirovannogo dvuhmetrovogo kosmicheskogo teleskopa. Proekt dolzhen otnablyudat' neskol'ko tysyach na krasnyh smesheniyah do 1.7. Eti dannye pozvolyat poluchit' sushestvenno bolee tochnye parametry temnoi energii.

    Obzor po temnoi energii dlya nespecialistov mozhno naiti v svezhei rabote A. Dolgova Problems of vacuum energy and dark energy.


    Vypusk 77. 01-12 maya 2004

    astro-ph/0405115 Postoyannaya Habbla po gravitacionnoi linze CLASS B0218+357 (The Hubble constant from gravitational lens CLASS B0218+357 using the Advanced Camera for Surveys)
    Authors: T. York et al.
    Comments: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted to MNRAS

    Ideya o tom, kak opredelit' postoyannuyu Habbla (H) po nablyudeniyam odnoi kosmologicheskoi gravitacionnoi linzy, byla vyskazana okolo 20 let nazad. Togda eto byl novyi nezavisimyi ot imeyushihsya shkal rasstoyanii metod opredeleniya dannogo kosmologicheskogo parametra. Krome togo predpolozheniya, trebuemye dlya provedeniya podobnogo eksperimenta, vnosili dostatochno maluyu pogreshnost' v velichinu H. Segodnya postoyannaya Habbla opredelena neskol'kimi nezavisimymi metodami, v tom chisle i po ryadu gravitacionnyh linz.

    V dannoi rabote issledovana linzirovannaya sistema CLASS B0218+357, soderzhashaya radiotihuyu galaktiku. Dlya polucheniya H ispol'zuetsya informaciya tol'ko o polozhenii nablyudaemyh izobrazhenii galaktiki otnositel'no linzy, rasstoyanie mezhdu dvumya samymi yarkimi izobrazheniyami kotoroi sostavlyaet 334 mas. Postoyannaya Habbla, poluchennaya po etoi linze, ravna:

    H=73+/-8 km/s/Mpk (na urovne znachimosti 68%)


    Vypusk 76. 19-30 aprelya 2004

    astro-ph/0404350 Modelirovanie obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik (Simulating the Formation of Galaxy Clusters)
    Authors: Daisuke Nagai, Andrey V. Kravtsov
    Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures. Use iaus style. To appear in the proceedings of IAU Colloquium 195 - "Outskirts of galaxy clusters: intense life in the suburbs", Torino, Italy, March 12-16, 2004

    Ochen' korotkaya zametka v trudah konferencii. My vydelyaem ee potomu, chto uzhe v abstrakte kompaktno i chetko perechisleny osnovnye elementy i trudnosti v modelirovanii processa formirovaniya galaktik i skoplenii, a takzhe vozmozhnye puti razresheniya etih problem.

    Trudnosti svyazany s pravil'nym uchetom ohlazhdeniya gaza za schet izlucheniya i nagreva gaza za schet obratnogo vliyaniya obrazuyushihsya zvezd. Dlya vosproizvedeniya nablyudayushihsya svoistv galaktik neobhodim kakoi-to dopolnitel'nyi mehanizm nagreva. Vozmozhno, on svyazan s aktivnost'yu galakticheskogo yadra.


    gr-qc/0404066 Kosmologiya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta i bimetricheskaya gravitaciya: al'ternativa standartnoi inflyacii (Variable Speed of Light Cosmology and Bimetric Gravity: An Alternative to Standard Inflation)
    Authors: J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 10 pages. Latex file. No figures. Talk given at the Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, December 17-21, 2003

    Podrobno rassmatrivaetsya odna iz al'ternativ inflyacii. Dannaya model' osnovyvaetsya na ves'ma nestandartnoi fizike. Razumeetsya, obsuzhdayutsya puti eksperimental'noi proverki pravil'nosti predlozhennoi modeli.

    Sm. takzhe vtoruyu svezhuyu stat'yu etogo avtora, posvyashennuyu al'ternativnoi teorii gravitacii: "Modified Gravitational Theory and Galaxy Rotation Curves" (gr-qc/0404076)


    astro-ph/0404497 Antropnye ogranicheniya na energiyu vakuuma i massy neitrino (Anthropic predictions for vacuum energy and neutrino masses)
    Authors: Levon Pogosian, Alexander Vilenkin, Max Tegmark
    Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures

    Antropnyi princip glasit: "sushestvovanie vo Vselennoi takoi slozhnoi i hrupkoi fizicheskoi sistemy kak chelovek, a takzhe neobhodimyh dlya ego estestvennogo vozniknoveniya uslovii, nakladyvaet na svoistva okruzhayushego nas mira ochen' zhestkie ogranicheniya" (Formulirovka nasha).

    Teper' vernemsya k stat'e: v okruzhayushem nas mire nablyudaetsya horosho razvitaya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura (stenki/voidy, (sverh)skopleniya galaktik, prosto galaktiki - v odnoi iz kotoryh my i zhivem). No razvivat'sya takaya struktura mogla tol'ko v mire, gde plotnost' veshestva prevyshala plotnost' temnoi energii (Lyambda-chlena). Rost krupnomasshtabnoi struktury prakticheski ostanovilsya v poslednie neskol'ko milliardov let, a v budushem on budet eshe slabee.

    Takoi zhe effekt okazyvaet na rost struktury massa kosmologicheskih neitrino: esli summarnaya massa treh sortov neitrino budet prevyshat' 1-3 eV, nablyudaemaya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura prosto ne vozniknet.

    A teper' posmotrim prichem zdes' antropnyi princip: predpolozhim, chto plotnost' temnoi energii (znachenie Lyambda-chlena) i massy neitrino menyayutsya v razlichnyh chastyah Vselennoi. [Zdes' rech' idet ob ochen' udalennyh chastyah Vselennoi i ob ochen' medlennom izmenenii znacheniya ukazannyh velichin v prostranstve. Na masshtabah poryadka gorizonta nashego mira i dazhe na v neskol'ko poryadkov bOl'shih, ukazannye parametry ostayutsya postoyannymi.] Budem predpolagat', chto eti dva parametra menyayutsya sluchainym obrazom i nezavisimo drug ot druga. Kakova veroyatnost' poluchit' to sochetanie parametrov, kotoroe nablyudaetsya v nashei lokal'noi Vselennoi?

    Vot eto mozhno podschitat' s pomosh' antropnogo principa. My mozhem polozhit' veroyatnost' realizacii opredelennogo sochetaniya kosmologicheskih parametrov proporcional'noi chislu nablyudatelei, prisutstvuyushih v oblastyah vselennoi s takimi znacheniyami parametrov. Etu veroyatnost' mozhno predstavit', kak proizvedenie treh somnozhitelei:

    1. sobstvennogo ob'ema dannoi chasti Vselennoi (skorost' rasshireniya kotoroi i, sledovatel'no, ob'em zavisyat ot velichiny Lyambda-chlena i massy neitrino);
    2. kolichestva galaktik v edinice ob'ema (etot parametr zavisit ot skorosti rosta vozmushenii plotnosti);
    3. chisla nablyudatelei v kazhdoi galaktike.
    (Tochnee zdes' nado vychislyat' integral, tak kak galaktiki imeyut razlichnye massy.)

    Poslednii iz somnozhitelei avtory prosto polozhili proporcional'nym chislu zvezd v galaktike, t.e. ee masse. (Takim obrazom oni vybrosili osnovnuyu chast' ogranichenii, kotorye mozhno vyvesti sobstvenno iz sushestvovaniya cheloveka, no avtory ne biologi, a astrofiziki.) Pervye zhe dva chlena mozhno vychislit' teoreticheski, chto i bylo sdelano v stat'e.

    Vyvody: samoe horoshee soglasie s nablyudeniyami dostigaetsya pri nenulevyh massah neitrino (2-9 eV).


    astro-ph/0404515 Vzryvy sverhnovyh, 511 keV-nye fotony, gamma-vspleski i zerkal'naya materiya (Supernova explosions, 511 keV photons, gamma ray bursts and mirror matter)
    Authors: R. Foot and Z. K. Silagadze
    Comments: about 9 pages

    Nekotorye sovremennye teorii elementarnyh chastic utverzhdayut, chto krome nashego mira, v kotorom vse tela sostoyat iz izvestnyh nam fotonov, protonov, elektronov i t.d. v etoi zhe samoi Vselennoi mozhet sushestvovat' eshe odin, takoi zhe po raznoobraziyu svoistv mir, postroennyi iz drugih chastic, kotorye nazyvayut "zerkal'nymi" (otsyuda "zerkal'noe veshestva" i "zerkal'naya vselennaya"). Nabor zerkal'nyh chastic i ih vzaimodeistviya mezhdu soboi mogut byt' takimi zhe (strogo ili priblizhenno) kak v nashem mire ili zhe mogut sovershenno ot nih otlichat'sya. Osnovnoi osobennost'yu zerkal'nyh chastic yavlyaetsya to, chto s normal'nym veshestvom oni vzaimodeistvuyut libo tol'ko gravitacionno, no eto ochen' zhestkoe ogranichenie, posle vvedeniya kotorogo ostaetsya sovsem malo interesnoi fiziki. Poetomu v poslednee vremya pri rassmotrenii zerkal'nyh teorii dopolnitel'no predpolagayut nalichie (slabogo) smeshivaniya obychnyh i zerkal'nyh chastic. Eto oznachaet, chto pri nekotoryh usloviyah zerkal'nye neitrino ili (kak v etoi stat'e) fotony mogut prevrashat'sya v sootvetstvuyushie obychnye chasticy i naoborot. Nikakoe drugoe vzaimodeistvie mezhdu obychnym i zerkal'nym veshestvom nevozmozhno (t.e. my ego ne mozhem dazhe napryamuyu uvidet').

    Esli zerkal'noe veshestvo vo svoim (vnutrennim) svoistvam pohozhe na nashe, to iz nego budut obrazovyvat'sya galaktiki (zerkal'nye), v nih zvezdy, a massivnye zerkal'nye zvezdy budut zakanchivat' svoyu evolyuciyu vzryvami sverhnovyh (v zerkal'nom mire). Prichem obychnye i zerkal'nye galaktiki budut skoree vsego sovpadat' (oba sorta veshestva budut raspolozheny v obshei gravitacionnoi potencial'noi yame), a otdel'nye zvezdy - raspolagayutsya nezavisimym obrazom.

    Pri vzryve zerkal'noi sverhnovoi vydelyaetsya potok energii, v osnovnom v neitrino i fotonah. Chast' etih zerkal'nyh fotonov mozhet prevratit'sya v obychnye. A voznikayushaya "na pustom meste" sverhmoshnaya vspyshka izlucheniya mozhet ob'yasnit' nekotorye nablyudaemye v kosmose interesnye fenomeny.

    Avtory stat'i privodyat tri takih yavleniya:

    • "Velikii Annigillyator" - istochnik pozitronov v centre Galaktiki, nablyudaemyi po annigilyacionnoi linii 511 keV;
    • gamma-vspleski i
    • sverhnovye.

    A voobshe stat'ya ochen' prostaya i prozrachnaya.


    oproverzhenie astro-ph/0404536 Relyativistskie effekty v "krugah-na-nebe" iz-za dvizheniya Galaktiki (Relativistic Effects of our Galaxy's Motion on Circles-in-the-sky)
    Authors: M.O.Calvao et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures

    Ochen' krasivaya model' dodekaedral'noi Vselennoi so slozhnoi topologiei (mozhet byt' slishkom krasivaya, dlya togo chtoby byt' vernoi), predlozhennaya dlya ob'yasneniya nekotoryh svoistv anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, obnaruzhennyh v eksperimente WMAP, predskazyvaet sushestvovanie "krugov-na-nebesnoi-sfere", v kotoryh temperatura relikta vedet sebya odinakovym obrazom.


    Krugi-na-nebe s sovpadayushim povedeniem anizotropii relikta
    (risunok iz raboty astro-ph/9801212)

    Eti krugi iskali, no ne nashli (sm. astro-ph/0310233). Odnako ideya slishkom horosha, chtoby otkazyvat'sya ot nee tak prosto: v rabote astro-ph/0403036 bylo sdelano utverzhdenie, chto iz-za dvizheniya Zemli (i Solnca, i Galaktiki) otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (so skorost'yu primerno 1000 km/s) krugi prevrashayutsya v ellipsy, iz-za chego oni i ne byli obnaruzheny.

    Tak vot: po-vidimomu, eta rabota ne verna. Bolee tshatel'noe rassmotrenie, prodelannoe v dannoi stat'e, pokazalo, chto forma krugov ne izmenitsya (oni ostanutsya pravil'nymi krugami), no zato ot dvizheniya Galaktiki zavisyat ih razmery i polozheniya centrov na nebe.

    To est', ne smotrya na oshibku, obshii vyvod stat'i astro-ph/0403036 ne izmenitsya: krugi mogli ne naiti iz-za ukazannyh iskazhenii. I u gipotezy dodekaedral'noi Vselennoi eshe est' shans vyzhit'.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0404546 Inflyaciya (Inflation)
    Authors: Alan H. Guth
    Comments: 22 pages, 4 figures

    Nebol'shoi obzor po inflyacionnoi kosmologii. Ego glavnaya osobennost' v tom, chto on napisan Alanom Gusom - odnim iz "otcov-osnovatelei" Inflyacii.


    obzor hep-ph/0404239 Kosmologicheskie neitrino (Cosmological neutrinos)
    Authors: Steen Hannestad
    Comments: 21 pages, 4 figures

    V obzore rassmotreno sovremennoe sostoyanie neitrinnoi kosmologii: ot momenta otsoedineniya neitrino ot veshestva i sushestvovaniya steril'nyh neitrino, do effektov, proyavlyayushihsya v krupnomasshtabnoi strukture i reliktovom izluchenii. Osoboe vnimanie avtor udelyaet "izmereniyu mass" neitrino po kosmologicheskim dannym.


    Vypusk 74. 01-11 aprelya 2004

    astro-ph/0404067 Superpoziciya chernotel'nyh spektrov i dipol'naya anizotropiya: Vozmozhnost' kalibrovki eksperimentov po izmereniyu relikta (Superposition of blackbodies and the dipole anisotropy: A possibility to calibrate CMB experiments)
    Authors: J. Chluba and R.A. Sunyaev
    Comments: 20 pages, 11 figures, submitted to A&A

    Ideya etoi stat'i ochen' prosta: izluchenie, predstavlyayushee soboi summu potokov ot istochnikov s chernotel'nymi spektrami s raznoi temperaturoi, samo chernotel'nym ne yavlyaetsya. A my nablyudaem reliktovoe izluchenie iz dvizhusheisya sistemy otscheta, v rezul'tate chego poyavlyaetsya dipol'naya anizotropiya s amplitudoi pryadka 10-3. Sledovatel'no, v spektre reliktovogo izlucheniya, nablyudaemogo v shirokom pole zreniya, budet iskazheno, tipichnye otkloneniya budut sostavlyat' neskol'ko desyatkov nanokel'vinov. Interesno, chto dannoe iskazhenie mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya kontrolya vzaimnoi kalibrovki raznyh chastotnyh kanalov v budushih eksperimentah po izmereniyu anizotropii relikta, dlya kotoryh ukazannaya chuvstvitel'nost' budet real'noi.


    hep-ph/0403248 Chernye dyry kak reshenie problemy kosmologicheskih monopolei (A black hole solution to the cosmological monopole problem)
    Authors: Dejan Stojkovic and Katherine Freese
    Comments: references added

    Na rannih stadiyah evolyucii Vselennoi v bol'shom kolichestve dolzhny byli obrazovyvat'sya monopoli (topologicheskie defekty skalyarnyh polei). Etot vyvod sleduet pochti iz vseh modelei elementarnyh chastic. No segodnya monopoli ne obnaruzheny. Kuda zhe oni podevalis'? Predlozhenie avtorov: ih poglotili pervichnye chernye dyry. Osnovnuyu rol' v ochistke Vselennoi ot monopolei dolzhny byli sygrat' chernye dyry s massami 106-109 g.


    astro-ph/0404131 Nablyudenie istochnikov s z>7 na GTC (Observing z>7 sources with the GTC)
    Authors: R.Pello ue al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures

    Okolo mesyaca tomu nazad v stat'e (astro-ph/0403025) bylo soobsheno ob otkrytii pervoi galaktiki s z=10 (sm., naprimer, stat'yu na www.astronet.ru). Etot rezul'tat byl poluchen na pervom probnom etape programmy poiska linzirovannyh ob'ektov s z>7. V etoi korotkoi stat'e dano gorazdo bolee podrobnoe opisanie dannoi programmy poiska, ee teoreticheskih osnov, instrumentov, na kotoryh ona provoditsya, i nekotoryh ee rezul'tatov.


    Vypusk 73. 16-31 marta 2004

    astro-ph/0403353 Yavlyayutsya li nizshie garmoniki reliktovogo fona kosmologicheskimi? (Is the low-l microwave background cosmic?)
    Authors: Dominik J. Schwarz et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures;

    V nashih obzorah uzhe neskol'ko raz upominalis' stat'i, rassmatrivavshie etu temu: dipol' i kvadrupol' reliktovogo izlucheniya imeyut anomal'no nizkuyu amplitudu. Avtora dannoi stat'i ne mogut ob'yasnit' ih velichinu, no vyskazyvayut opredelennye somneniya:

    • Dipol' i kvadrupol' korelliruyut drug s drugom. Ih vzaimnaya orientaciya ne yavlyaetsya sluchainoi, t.k. ih ploskosti pochti sovpadayut.
    • Ploskosti dipolya i kvadrupolya pochti ortogonal'ny ekliptike.
    • Ne sluchainoi (t.e. maloveroyatnoi) okazyvaetsya i ih orientaciya otnositel'no dipolya relikta (t.e. otnositel'no napravleniya dvizheniya Solnechnoi sistemy otnositel'no poverhnosti poslednego rasseyaniya).

    Sleda napravo: kvadrupol', oktupol' i summa treh pervyh garmonik.
    Punktirom pokazana ploskost' ekliptiki.

    Interesno.
    (Interesno, vzaimnaya orientaciya napravleniya dvizheniya Solnca vo Vselennoi i ploskosti ekliptiki, t.e. zemnoi orbity, tozhe ne sluchainy:?)


    obzor astro-ph/0403392 Teoriya polyarizacii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona (Theory of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization)
    Authors: Paolo Cabella and Marc Kamionkowski
    Comments: 32 pages, 8 figures. Lectures given at the 2003 Villa Mondragone School of Gravitation and Cosmology:

    Za poslednie 2-3 goda bylo sdelano neskol'ko popytok izmereniya polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Samaya udachnaya - s borta WMAP, no dazhe emu ne hvatilo dlya etogo chuvstvitel'nosti. Ser'eznye izmereniya etogo parametra nachnutsya s zapuskom "Planka". A teoriya uzhe est', i ona predskazyvaet dostatochno mnogo interesnogo.


    astro-ph/0403543 Temnoe barionnoe galo ne mozhet sostoyat' iz staryh belyh karlikov (Dark halo baryons not in ancient halo white dwarfs)
    Authors: M. Creze et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 pages, submit to Astron. Astroph.

    Rezul'taty eksperimentov MACHO (po mikrolinzirovaniyu) pozvolyayut utverzhdat', chto chislo gravitacionnyh linz ne mozhet ob'yasnit' vse kolichestvo nevidimyh barionov. No eto tol'ko vyvod, a v stat'e podrobno rassmotreno kak on byl poluchen.


    !!! astro-ph/0403597 Giperbolicheskaya vselennaya s konicheskoi [rogopodobnoi] topologiei i anizotropiya relikta (Hyperbolic Universes with a Horned Topology and the CMB Anisotropy)
    Authors: Ralf Aurich et ls.
    Comments: 26 pages, 23 figures

    Eshe odna ideya v kotoroi poluchennye sputnikom WMAP dannye po anizotropii relikta interpretiruyutsya v ramkah modeli so slozhnoi topologiei. Tol'ko v etot raz topologiya okazalas' konicheskoi, a krivizna Vselennoi - o otricatel'noi. Ochen' interesno! (Rekomenduem prochitat' i postaraemsya napisat' podrobnee.)


    Vypusk 72. 01-15 marta 2004

    astro-ph/0403025 Nablyudenie linzirovannoi galaktiki na z=10.0 s pomosh'yu ISAAC/VLT (ISAAC/VLT observations of a lensed galaxy at z=10.0)
    Authors: R. Pello et al.
    Comments: 2004, A&A, Vol. 416, L35

    Vozmozhno obnaruzhena ochen' dalekaya galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 10. Otmetim, chto vse-taki rezul'tat nuzhdaetsya v podtverzhdenii. Bolee podrobno mozhno prochest' zdes'


    astro-ph/0403036 Neobnaruzhennye iz-za dvizheniya sistemy otscheta krugi-na-nebe (Missing Lorenz-boosted Circles-in-the-sky)
    Authors: Janna Levin
    Comments: 4 pages, 7 figures

    Nekotoroe vremya nazad dlya ob'yasneniya nablyudenii WMAP byla vyskazana ideya o tam, chto nasha vselennaya mozhet imet' konechnye razmery i obladat' slozhnoi i ochen' neobychnoi (dodekaedral'noi) topologiei (sm. astro-ph/0310253 ili, podrobnee, na astronet.ru). Sledstviem etoi gipotezy bylo sushestvovanie na nebe 6 par krugov diametrom primerno 70o, vdol' kotoryh anizotropiya relikta vedet sebya odinakovym dlya kazhdoi pary obrazom. Takie krugi uzhe iskali, no ne nashli (astro-ph/0310233).

    Avtory dannoi stat'i pokazyvayut, chto iz-za dvizheniya nablyudatelya otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (tochnee otnositel'no poverhnosti poslednego rasseyaniya) krugi okazyvayutsya iskazheny iz-za effekta Dopplera i aberracii sveta. Dlya Zemli eto iskazhenie sostavlyaet primerno 0.14o, sledovatel'no, metody vyyavleniya krugov, rabotayushie s maksimal'nym razresheniem, dostupnym WMAP (ili s eshe bolee detal'nymi kartami), davali by nevernyi rezul'tat.

    U Vselennoi so slozhnoi topologiei eshe ostaetsya shans vyzhit'.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0403047 Mul'tiversnye kosmologicheskie modeli (Multiverse cosmological models)
    Authors: P.C.W. Davies
    Comments: 15 pages, no figures, review paper

    V poslednee vremya na raznyh forumah ot raznyh lyudei postupali voprosy tak ili inache svyazannye s antropnym principom. Sovremennye razrabotki etogo podhoda svyazany s koncepciei mul'tiversa. V dannoi stat'e daetsya korotkii obzor etoi problematiki.


    obzor astro-ph/0403064 Vvedenie v nebarionnuyu temnuyu materiyu (Introduction to Non-Baryonic Dark Matter)
    Authors: Paolo Gondolo (University of Utah)
    Comments: 50 pages, 28 figures

    Eto obzornaya lekciya, prochitannaya na shkole NATO ASI, delitsya na dve chasti. V pervoi iz nih obsuzhdaetsya neobhodimost' temnoi materii i predstavleny samye populyarnye na segodnya kandidaty na etu rol': neitrino, aksiony, neitralino, WIMPs i drugie. Vo vtoroi chasti rassmotreny razlichnye eksperimental'nye sposoby poiska tyazhelyh slabovzaimodeistvuyushih chastic (WIMPs=weakly interacting massive particles): pryamoe ih detektirovanie (po mehanicheskomu vozdeistviyu) i registraciya ih raspada.


    astro-ph/0403193 Byla li Vselennaya reionizovana na z=10? (Was the Universe Reionized at Redshift 10?)
    Authors: Abraham Loeb et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 1 figure, ApJ, submitted

    Vsego neskol'ko dnei, kak vyshla stat'ya Pello et al. (astro-ph/0304025), v kotoroi govorilos' ob otkrytii galaktiki na z=10, kak poyavlyaetsya dannaya rabota kotoroi ih etogo obnaruzheniya delayut vyvody.

    A vyvody takovy: poskol'ku krasnoe smeshenie galaktik izmereno po spektral'noi linii, kotoraya byla otozhdestvlena s Lα, to veshestvo na z=10 bylo uzhe ionizovano (reionizovano). V protivnom sluchae izluchenie v etoi linii bylo by polnost'yu poglosheno neitral'nym vodorodom, lezhashim na luche zreniya.


    Vypusk 71. 23-29 fevralya 2004

    astro-ph/0402491 Magnitnye kosmicheskie stenki (Magnetized cosmic walls)
    Authors: G. Siemieniec-Ozieblo and A. Woszczyna
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures included; A&A accepted

    V etoi stat'e rech' idet ne o domennyh stenkah, a ob odnomernyh vozmusheniyah plotnosti ("blinah Zel'dovicha"), kotorye voznikayut pri nelineinom narastanii nachal'nyh vozmushenii plotnosti. Esli v eto nachal'noe veshestvo bylo vmorozheno magnitnoe pole, to pole usilivaetsya iz-za szhatiya veshestva i voznikayut "magnitnye kosmicheskie stenki", o kotoryh idet zdes' rech'.


    astro-ph/0402512 Otkrytiya sverhnovyh tipa Ia na z>1 s pomosh'yu teleskopa Habbla (Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z>1 From the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution)
    Authors: Adam G. Riess et al.
    Comments: Accepted Astrophysical Journal, to Appear June 2004 72 pages, 17 Figures

    Po dalekim sverhnovym pervogo tipa mozhno otslezhivat' temp rasshireniya Vselennoi. S pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa udalos' uvidet' eshe 16 sverhnovyh na krasnom smeshenii bol'she 1. Eto bol'shoi shag vpered. Iz semi samyh dalekih sverhnovyh tipa Ia shest' opisano v dannoi rabote.

    Novye rezul'taty soglasuyutsya s obsheprinyatoi ploskoi model'yu, gde 70 procentov plotnosti prihoditsya na temnuyu energiyu. Vazhno, chto udalos' pokazat', chto predlozhennye modeli s evolyuciei sverhnovyh ili s poglosheniem za schet pyli mozhno teper' otbrosit'. Krome togo, mozhno nalozhit' vazhnye ogranicheniya na parametry evolyucii samoi temnoi energii.

    Napomnim, chto seichas dlya dokazatel'stva sushestvovaniya temnoi energii v principe mozhno i ne privlekat' dannye po sverhnovym, dostatochno rezul'tatov po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Eto vazhno, t.k. sushestvovali ser'eznye somneniya v tom, chto issledovaniya sverhnovyh ne imeyut kakih-libo sistematicheskih neopredelennostei. Odnako novye dannye, privedennye v etoi stat'e, pozvolyayut govorit' o tom, chto neopredelennosti maly, i sverhnovye yavlyayutsya vazhnym i tochnym instrumentom issledovaniya Vselennoi.

    Dannye nablyudeniya podtverzhdayut prinyatuyu segodnya kosmologicheskuyu model': teper' my vidim, chto seichas i na z=0.7 Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya uskorenno, a pri z=1.2-1.5 - eshe s zamedleniem.


    astro-ph/0402658 Massovoe linzirovanie na skoplenii Abell 2218: ogranicheniya na geometriyu Vselennoi (Multiple-Images in the Cluster Lens Abell 2218: Constraining the Geometry of the Universe?)
    Authors: G. Soucail, J.P. Kneib, G. Golse
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A∧A

    Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie eshe odin metod dlya opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov. V bogatom skoplenii Abell 2218 nablyudaetsya stol' bol'shoe chislo sobytii gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (na otdel'nyh galaktikah), chto eti parametry mozhno opredelyat' tol'ko po nim. Parametry okazyvayutsya takimi:

    0 < &OmegaM < 0.30 (dlya ploskoi Vselennoi)
    ili
    0 < &OmegaM < 0.33 i w < -0.85 (dlya ploskoi Vselennoi s kvintessenciei).

    Konechno, eti dannye na protivorechat nezavisimym (i bolee tochnym) rezul'tatam WMAP.


    Vypusk 70. 16-22 fevralya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0402324 Kosmicheskaya topologiya: kratkii obzor (Cosmic Topology: a Brief Overview)
    Authors: M.J. Reboucas, G.I. Gomero
    Comments: Revtex4, 9 pages, 2 figures. Ivited talk delivered at "XIV National Meeting of the Brazilian Physical Society, section Particles and Fields, Caxambu - MG, Brazil, from September 30 to October 04, 2003

    Vopros o topologii Vselennoi vsegda byl populyaren. V poslednee vremya nekotoraya aktivnost' nablyudalas' v svyazi s dannymi sputnika WMAP, a osobenno v svyazi s rabotoi Lyumine i dr.

    V etoi stat'e avtory dayut kratkii obzor problematiki i osnovnyh rezul'tatov. V kachestve bolee populyarnogo izlozheniya mozhno prochest' stat'yu na Astronete.


    astro-ph/0402344 Moglo li chto-to raspadat'sya, isparyat'sya ili annigilirovat' vo vremya pervichnogo nukleosinteza? (Did Something Decay, Evaporate, or Annihilate during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis?)
    Authors: Karsten Jedamzik
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures

    Processy tipa raspada adronov, ispareniya ili annigilyacii reliktov predydushih epoh (mikroskopicheskih pervichnyh chernyh dyr ili tyazhelyh chastic) proishodyashie vo vremya pervichnogo nukleosinteza mogut sushestvenno povliyat' na ego rezul'taty, v chastnosti na kolichestvo obrazuyushihsya izotopov litiya (6Li i 7Li). Detal'nomu rassmotreniyu takogo vliyaniya (na osnove chislennogo modelirovaniya processov sinteza) i posvyashena dannaya stat'ya.


    Vypusk 69. 08-15 fevralya 2004

    astro-ph/0402169 Sushestvovanie starogo kvazara na z=3.91 i ego prilozhenie k kosmologii (The Existence of an Old Quasar at z=3.91 and its Implications for Lambda(t) Deflationary Cosmologies)
    Authors: J. V. Cunha (UFRN) R. C. Santos (UFRN)
    Comments: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to IJMPD

    Opredelit' vozrast kvazara pryamym metodom dostatochno zatrudnitel'no. Poetomu ih delyat na molodye i starye po nablyudaemym liniyam himicheskih elementov: esli v spektre kvazara nablyudaetsya Fe K skachok, a otnoshenie chisla atomov zheleza i kisloroda Fe/O v 2-5 raz prevyshaet Solnechnoe, to kvazar schitaetsya "starym", poskol'ku okruzhayushee ego veshestvo zametno obogasheno tyazhelymi elementami, voznikayushimi v hode evolyucii zvezd. Molodye kvazary i kvazary s neizvestnymi vozrastami (slishkom slabye, chtoby proizvesti neobhodimye spektral'nye nablyudeniya) izvestny dazhe na z>6. A vot samyi dalekii staryi kvazar - APM 08279+5255 byl nedavno obnaruzhen na z=3.91. Iz etogo fakta avtory dayut ogranicheniya na kosmologicheskie parametry Vselennoi (osobenno sil'nye dlya ekzoticheskoi modeli s peremennym vo vremeni Lambda-chlenom), hotya sam fakt otkrytiya takogo kvazara, veroyatno, bolee vazhen i interesen.


    obzor hep-th/0402051 Obzor inflyacii (Prospects of Inflation)
    Authors: Andrei Linde
    Comments: 23 pages, extended version of the talk at the Nobel Symposium "Cosmology and String Theory," August 2003

    Razumeetsya, iz goda v god Andrei Linde delaet obzornye doklady po inflyacii, i, sootvetstvenno, poyavlyayutsya obzornye stat'i. Na nash vzglyad, ego obzory - samye udachnye. Delo dazhe ne tol'ko i ne stol'ko v tom, chto eto "inflyaciya iz pervyh ruk". Prosto emu udalos' vyrabotat' nekotoryi stil', kotoryi pozvolyaet otnositel'no dostupno rasskazat' o slozhnoi idee.

    Te, kto chital predydushie obzoru, mogut obratit' vnimanie tol'ko na "strunnuyu" chast' dannoi stat'i. Vsem prochim sovetuem vnimatel'no prochest' stat'yu celikom (vozmozhno ne odin raz).


    dissertaciya astro-ph/0402278 Fundamental'nye aspekty rasshireniya Vselennoi i kosmicheskie gorizonty (Fundamental Aspects of the Expansion of the Universe and Cosmic Horizons)
    Authors: Tamara M. Davis
    Comments: Ph.D. thesis, 154 pages, 45 figures

    My uzhe ochen' podrobno pisali o nekotoryh tipichnyh zabluzhdeniyah, kasayushihsya kosmicheskih gorizontov. Pisali kak raz na osnove rabot Tamary Devis. I vot poyavilas' ee dissertaciya, celikom posvyashennaya etim voprosam. Tam detal'no razobrano mnogo vazhnyh primerov. Vsem vsyacheski ee rekomenduem.


    Vypusk 68. 01-07 fevralya 2004

    miniobzor astro-ph/0402033 Pryamaya registraciya neitralino (Wimp/Neutralino Direct Detection)
    Authors: M. De Jesus
    Comments: 9 pages, Latex, 12 figures., Review talk presented at the XXIst International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies, 11-16 August 2003, FNAL, Batavia, Illinois, USA

    My neodnokratno pisali i budem pisat' o popytkah laboratornoi registracii chastic temnoi materii (v kachestve vvedeniya sm. stat'yu Martina Risa nizhe). V dannom sluchae stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi korotkii obzor po poisku neitralino.


    populyarnyi miniobzor astro-ph/0402045 Temnaya materiya: vvedenie (Dark Matter: Introduction)
    Authors: Martin J. Rees
    Comments: 10 pages, 1 figure. Latex (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A (2003) 361, 2427-2434)

    Krome togo, chto Martin Ris - ser, krome togo, chto on yavlyaetsya odnim iz samyh citiruemyh (ili samym?) astrofizikov v mire, on eshe i horoshii populyarizator (posmotrite ego knizhki, naprimer, na Amazon.com ili eshe kakoi-nibud' analogichnoi sisteme). Sootvetstvenno, on umeet dostupno i kvalificirovanno rasskazyvat' ob astronomii i fizike. V dannom sluchae - chitaite rasskaz o temnoi materii.


    obzor astro-ph/0402065 Nablyudatel'naya kosmologiya (Observational Cosmology)
    Authors: R.H. Sanders
    Comments: 35 pages, 13 figures, talk given at Second Aegean Summer School on the Early Universe

    Ocherednoi obzor po nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Ego osobennost' sostoit v kriticheskom nastroe avtora, kotoryi vyiskivaet vozmozhnye problemy i sistematicheskie oshibki.


    astro-ph/0402095 Postroenie trehmernoi karty raspredeleniya temnogo veshestva po dannym o slabom linzirovanii v obzore COMBO-17 (Mapping the 3-D dark matter with weak lensing in COMBO-17)
    Authors: A.N. Taylor et al.
    Comments:Submitted to MNRAS; 21 pages, 18 figures

    Postroeno trehmernoe (!) raspredelenie massy dlya sverhskopleniya A901/2, nahodyashegosya na krasnom smeshenii z=0.16. Takoi potryasayushii rezul'tat dostignut blagodarya izoshrennomu analizu dannyh o slabom linzirovanii dalekih istochnikov na etom skoplenii. Razumeetsya, osnovnoi vklad v massu daet temnoe veshestvo, a potomu raspredelenie massy po suti otrazhaet raspredelenie imenno temnoi materii.


    obzor astro-ph/0402129 Kosmologicheskaya teoriya vozmushenii (Cosmological perturbation theory)
    Authors: Ruth Durrer
    Comments: my course at the Second Aegean Summerschool on the Early Universe, 39 pages

    Lekcii po teorii kosmologicheskih vozmushenii.

    Esli by Vselennaya iznachal'no byla strogo odnorodnoi, to nablyudaemoi struktury seichas ne sushestvovalo by. Ne bylo by i nas s vami. Schitaetsya, chto poyavlenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury svyazano s malymi nachal'nymi vozmusheniyami. Svoistva etih vozmushenii mozhno izuchat', naprimer, po dannym o mikrovolnovom reliktovom fone.

    V lekciyah opisyvaetsya sovremennaya teoriya kosmologicheskih vozmushenii. Izlozhenie idet na ochen' vysokom (t.e. slozhnom) urovne.

    Vypusk 67. 26-31 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401515 Issledovanie n'yutonovskoi postoyannoi na bol'shih masshtabah (Probing Newton's Constant on Vast Scales: DGP Gravity, Cosmic Acceleration and Large Scale Structure)
    Authors: Arthur Lue, Roman Scoccimarro, and Glenn D. Starkman
    Comments: 20 pages, 3 figures

    Sushestvuet interesnaya al'ternativa "temnoi energii", predlozhennaya v rabotah Dvali, Gababadze i Porrati. Sut' ee sostoit v tom, chto, esli my zhivem na brane, to gravitony mogut "utekat'" s nee v osnovnoi ob'em (bulk) - t.e. v dopolnitel'nye izmereniya. Eto privodit k tomu, chto na bol'shih (kosmologicheskih) masshtabah zakon tyagoteniya budet nemnozhechko inym. Predskazaniya modeli vpolne konkretny, i ih mozhno pytat'sya proveryat'. Naprimer, po dannym ob obrazovanii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Sobstvenno etim i zanyalis' avtory rassmatrivaemoi stat'i.

    Oni pokazyvayut, chto esli dinamika rasshireniya Vselennoi ob'yasnyaetsya takim "begstvom" gravitonov, to imeetsya voobshe govorya znachimoe, no ne dramaticheskoe, rashozhdenie s nablyudaemymi parametrami krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Poskol'ku protivorechie obnaruzhivaetsya vsego lish' na urovne dvuh standartnyh otklonenii, to neobhodima dal'neishaya rabota, v tom chisle i po utochneniyu predpolozhenii, sdelannyh avtorami dannoi stat'i.


    dissertaciya astro-ph/0401517 Fenomenologicheskie aspekty kosmologii s dominiruyushei rol'yu temnoi energii (Phenomenological aspects of dark energy dominated cosmologies)
    Authors: Pier Stefano Corasaniti
    Comments: PhD thesis, University of Sussex, 109 pages

    Krome samostoyatel'nogo interesa original'nyh rezul'tatov dissertaciya mozhet byt' polezna tem, kto hochet razobrat'sya v sovremennyh dannyh o dinamike rasshireniya Vselennoi i v ih interpretacii.


    obzor astro-ph/0401547 Vvedenie v kosmologiyu (TASI Lectures: Introduction to Cosmology)
    Authors: Mark Trodden, Sean M. Carroll
    Comments: 82 pages, 12 figures, contributions to the TASI-02 and TASI-03 summer schools

    V stat'e ob'edineny tri lekcii, prochitannye na shkole po fizike elementarnyh chastic. Lekcii rasschitany kak vvodnye, no dlya aspirantov po special'nostyam fizika elementarnyh chastic i teoriya strun. Tak chto kosmologiya-to daetsya s azov, zato dlya teh, kto horosho znaet matematiku i fiziku.


    populyarnyi miniobzor astro-ph/0401579 Kratkoe izlozhenie modeli ekpiroticheskoi/ciklicheskoi Vselennoi (A Briefing on the Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Universe)
    Authors: Justin Khoury
    Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure. Invited talk at the 6th RESCEU Symposium, Nov. 2003, Tokyo, Japan

    Inflyacionnaya model' na segodnyashnii den' yavlyaetsya naibolee standartnoi i obsheprinyatoi. Odnako, ei est' neskol'ko al'ternativ. Odna iz samyh raskruchennyh - model' ekpiroticheskoi/ciklicheskoi Vselennoi. I Sergei Pavlyuchenko v svoih obzorah, i my neodnokratno ob etoi modeli upominali. Zdes' mozhno prochest' kratkoe izlozhenie.


    dissertaciya astro-ph/0401631 Variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury v prostranstve i vremeni (Variations of the Fine Structure Constant in Space and Time)
    Authors: D.F. Mota
    Comments: 158 pages, 39 figures; Ph.D. Thesis; DAMTP, University of Cambridge; (Ph.D. Advisor: John D. Barrow)

    Vo mnogih sovremennyh teoriyah "postoyannye ne yavlyayutsya postoyannymi". Takie izvestnye konstanty kak, postoyannaya Planka, skorost' sveta, gravitacionnaya postoyannaya mogut izmenyat'sya, naprimer v hode kosmologicheskoi evolyucii. Razumeetsya, izmeneniya mogut byt' lish' nichtozhnymi. Dlya popytok obnaruzhit' izmeneniya postoyannoi Planka i/ili skorosti sveta ochen' podhodit izvestnaya postoyannaya tonkoi struktury. Osnovnaya ideya sostoit v issledovanii spektrov dalekih kvazarov i sravnenii ih s laboratornymi spektrami (u nas v strane etoi tematikoi aktivno zanimalas' gruppa Varshalovicha i Levshakova v Sankt-Peterburge).

    V dissertacii, kak obychno, detal'no rasskazyvaetsya o metodah, istorii i t.p. Daetsya mnogo ssylok.


    Vypusk 66. 19-26 yanvarya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0401341 Temnaya materiya: rannie idei (Dark Matter: Early Considerations)
    Authors: J. Einasto
    Comments: 18 pages LaTeX text, submitted for Proceedings of the NATO Summer Shool "Frontiers of the Universe" in Cargese 9 - 20 September 2003

    Obzor istorii issledovanii temnoi materii. Na nash vzglyad tema eta dovol'no interesnaya. Zadumaites', otkrytie togo, chto vselennaya na 90 procentov sostoit iz temnogo "nechto" - odno iz samyh porazitel'nyh za poslednie let 30. A vot Nobelevku za eto ne dali i ne dadut, potomu kak eto rezul'tat kollektivnogo truda raznyh uchenyh, ispol'zovavshihsya raznye metody i podhody. Bezuslovno, pochitat' pro eto ochen' interesno.


    astro-ph/0401342 Skopleniya i sverhskopleniya v Sloanovskom obzore i obzore Las Campanas (Clusters and Superclusters in the Sloan and Las Campanas Surveys)
    Authors: J. Einasto
    Comments: 15 pages LaTeX text, 11 Postscript figures, submitted for Proceedings of the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, July 20 - 26, 2003

    Eshe odna stat'ya Einasto. Na etot raz original'naya, a ne obzornaya. Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty po poisku skoplenii i sverhskoplenii v sovremennyh obzorah. Privodyatsya novye izobrazheniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury Vselennoi. Opisyvayutsya osobennosti skoplenii i sverhskoplenii na raznyh krasnyh smesheniyah, v raznom okruzhenii i v raznyh chastyah neba.


    populyarnyi miniobzor astro-ph/0401347 Vselennaya - eto strannoe mesto (The Universe is a Strange Place)
    Authors: Frank Wilczek
    Comments: 12 pages; Keynote talk at SpacePartII, Washington D.C., Dec. 2003; to be published in the Porceedings

    Vil'chek, buduchi izvestnym uchenym (dve stat'i v pervoi sotne topsaitnyh rabot po fizike vysokih energii!), izvesten i kak avtor interesnyh korotkih dokladov/obzorov. Eto odin iz nih.

    Stat'ya posvyasheno sovremennomu sostoyaniyu, problemam i perspektivam fundamental'noi teoreticheskoi fiziki i otchasti kosmologii.


    populyarnyi miniobzor astro-ph/0401424 Chislennye sovpadeniya i "podgonka" v kosmologii (Numerical coincidences and 'tuning' in cosmology)
    Authors: Martin J. Rees
    Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures, published in "Fred Hoyle's Universe", ed C. Wickramasinghe et al. (Kluwer), pp 95-108 (2003)

    Bozhii zamysel, antropnyi princip, sluchainoe sovpadenie, otrazhenie kakih-to neizvestnyh zakonov prirody, ....? V Prirode mnogo sovpadenii, ob'yasnit' kotorye slozhno (na russkom mozhno posmotret' knigu Geometriya, dinamika, Vselennaya, a takzhe staruyu knigu Rozentalya "Elementarnye chasticy i struktura Vselennoi" i ego zhe obzory v UFN). Martin Ris rassuzhdaet o nekotoryh iz nih (v tom chisle i v terminah mul'tiversa, stat'yu o kotorom mozhno naiti na Astronete).


    Vypusk 65. 12-19 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401193 Observatoriya polyarizacii neba (The Sky Polarization Observatory)
    Authors: S. Cortiglioni et al.
    Comments: 53 pages, 22 figures, accepted by NewA (in press)

    SPOrt - The Sky Polarization Observatory (Observatoriya polyarizacii neba).
    My neodnokratno pisali ob etom proekte, t.k. v nego vovlecheny rossiiskie uchenye i sam apparat budet ustanovlen na MKS.
    Osnovnoe naznachenie eksperimenta - izuchenie polyarizacii kosmicheskogo izlucheniya (v pervuyu ochered' v prilozhenii k issledovaniyu reliktovogo fona). Nablyudeniya dolzhny nachat'sya v 2006 g. i prodolzhatsya dva goda.
    Avtory obsuzhdayut sovremennoe sostoyanie apparata ("nachinku" udalos' sushestvenno uluchshit' po-sravneniyu s pervonachal'nym variantom proekta). Krome togo, chitateli naidut rassuzhdeniya o vozmozhnyh rezul'tatah v svete poslednih dostizhenii v izuchenii reliktovogo izlucheniya.

    populyarnyi miniobzor astro-ph/0401213 Chto my znaem i chego my ne znaem o Vselennoi (What We Know and What We Don't Know About the Universe)
    Authors: Marcelo Gleiser
    Comments: 5 pages, LaTeX. Keynote address at the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistc Astrophysics, October 12-16, Olinda, Brazil. To be published in the proceedings (Int. J. Mod. Phys. D)

    Korotko i ochen' dostupno izlozheny nekotorye uspehi i problemy sovremennoi kosmologii. Zhelayushie uznat' bol'she, mogut vospol'zovat'sya spiskom literatury, kotoryi rasschitan na shirokuyu publiku (pravda, angloyazychnuyu).

    Bolee tehnicheskoe rassuzhdenie o kosmologicheskih parametrah mozhno naiti v stat'e How many cosmological parameters? Krome togo, poyavilas' interesnaya zametka o krupnomasshtabnoi strukture Complexity in cosmic structures.


    astro-ph/0401249 Kosmologicheskie parametry iz analiza sobstvennyh mod Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora krasnyh smeshenii galaktik (Cosmological Parameters from Eigenmode Analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxy Redshifts)
    Authors: Adrian C. Pope et al., for the SDSS Collaboration
    Comments: Submitted to ApJ

    Kosmologicheskie parametry mozhno s vysokoi tochnost'yu opredelyat' ne tol'ko po anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, kak bylo sdelano god nazad po dannym WMAP, no i po raspredeleniyu v prostranstve galaktik, tol'ko nado izmerit' dostatochno bol'shoe ih chislo, kak v obzore SDSS. Vot kakimi eti parametry poluchilis':

    Omegam.h = 0.264+/-0.043,
    Fb = 0.286+/-0.065,
    Sigma8 = 0.966+/-0.048,
    beta = 0.45+/-0.12.


    Vypusk 64. 01-11 yanvarya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0401001 Tehnika nablyudenii relikta i poslednie rezul'taty (CMB Observational Techniques and Recent Results)
    Authors: E. L. Wright
    Comments: Write up of 3 lectures delivered at the NATO ASI on "Frontiers of the Universe: Cosmology 2003" in Cargese, Sep 2003. 29 pages Latex with 21 figures. Slides from the lectures are available through http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm

    Konspekt treh lekcii po nablyudeniyam mikrovolnovogo reliktovogo izlucheniya.

    Reliktovoe izluchenie - odin iz glavnyh istochnikov informacii v kosmologii. Kak horosho izvestno, seichas na orbite funkcioniruet amerikanskii sputnik MAR. Cherez neskol'ko let budet zapushen krupnyi evropeiskii apparat Plank. Krome togo, na Zemle rabotaet celaya armiya razlichnyh detektorov (vklyuchaya ustanovlennye na aerostatah). Poetomu est' progress i v tehnike, i v obrabotke dannyh, nu i sobstvenno v kosmologii.

    Avtor nachinaet s samyh-samyh azov, no nado otmetit', chto rech' idet v osnovnom o tehnike (radioelektronike i t.p.). Ochen' rekomenduem posmotret' cvetnye slaidy po ssylke.

    obzor astro-ph/0401091 Pervichnyi nukleosintez dlya novoi kosmologii: raskrytie neopredelennostei i proverka soglasovannosti (Primordial Nucleosynthesis for the New Cosmology: Determining Uncertainties and Examining Concordance)
    Authors: Richard H. Cyburt
    Comments: 54 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables

    Pervichnyi (v Bol'shom Vzryve) nukleosintez i reliktovyi fon (tochnee ego anizotropiya) imeyut dolguyu i slozhnuyu istoriyu sovmestnogo sushestvovaniya v standartnoi kosmologii. V hode stanovleniya etoi modeli bylo dostignuto obshee soglasie mezhdu predskazyvaemymi i nablyudaemymi obiliyami legkih elementov. Odnako, poslednie vysokotochnye izmereniya anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, v chastnosti na sputnike WMAP, pozvolili nezavisimo postroit' nego sushestvenno bolee tochnuyu model'.

    Avtor dannogo obzora rassmatrivaet osnovnye istochniki neopredelennostei v modelyah pervichnogo nukleosinteza (imi okazyvayutsya neopredelennosti v laboratornyh izmereniyah sechenii yadernyh reakcii) i pytaetsya chastichno vospolnit' ih, vospol'zovavshis' atomnymi dannymi i rezul'tatami izmerenii relikta.


    Vypusk 63. 16-31 dekabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0312533 Voidy v dvuhgradusnom (2dF) obzore galakticheskih krasnyh smeshenii (Voids in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey)
    Authors: Fiona Hoyle, Michael S. Vogeley
    Comments: 36 pages, Submitted to ApJ

    Voidy - eto gigantskie pustoty, v kotoryh fakticheski net yarkih galaktik. Imeyushiesya nemnogochislennye "zvezdnye ostrova" obychno raspolagayutsya blizhe k granicam voidov, a central'nye oblasti sovsem izbegayutsya galaktikami.

    Avtory ispol'zuyut dannye po 245,591 galaktikam do krasnogo smesheniya z poryadka 0.2. Naideno 289 voidov s radiusom bolee 10-12 Mpk. Oni sostavlyayut primerno 40 procentov ob'ema Vselennoi.


    astro-ph/0312605 Obrazovanie struktury v zerkal'noi temnoi materii: reliktovoe izluchenie i krupnomasshtabnaya struktura (Structure Formation with Mirror Dark Matter: CMB and LSS)
    Authors: Zurab Berezhiani et al.
    Comments: 11 pages, 4 figures

    Priroda temnoi materii yavlyaetsya odnoi iz osnovnyh zagadok sovremennoi astrofiziki. Zerkal'naya temnaya materiya - odna iz real'nyh al'ternativ. Vo vremya odnogo iz nedavnih dokladov Zuraba Berezhiani ya (S.P.) zadaval emu vopros o tom, schitali li oni obrazovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury v ramkah svoei modeli zerkal'noi temnoi materii. Zurab otvetil, chto oni rabotayut nad etim. I vot - stat'ya.

    Provedennyi analiz pozvolyaet nalozhit' vazhnye ogranicheniya na parametry modeli s zerkal'nym temnym veshestvom.

    Podrobnee ob etom napravlenii mozhno prochest' v kandidatskoi dissertacii Paolo Chiarcheluti.


    obzor astro-ph/0312614 Magnitnaya Vselennaya (The Magnetized Universe)
    Authors: Massimo Giovannini
    Comments: 146 pages, 14 included figures. Review article

    Krupnomasshtabnye (kosmologicheskie) magnitnye polya okazyvayutsya interesnymi astrofizikam, kosmologam i fizikam elementarnyh chastic. V obzore privedeny nablyudatel'nye o magnitnyh polyah v masshtabah galaktik, ih skoplenii i sverhskoplenii. Detal'no obsuzhdayutsya protivorechiya v etih dannyh i vozmozhnye puti iz razresheniya. Obrashayu vnimanie na ob'em obzora: 146 stranic.


    astro-ph/0312651 Sravnenie programm kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya AMR i SPH (Comparing AMR and SPH Cosmological Simulations: I. Dark Matter & Adiabatic Simulations)
    Authors: Brian W. O'Shea et al.
    Comments: 35 pages, 18 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

    Chislennoe modelirovanie - vazhneishii instrument v kosmologicheskih issledovaniyah. Sushestvuet mnogo razlichnyh podhodov k "sozdaniyu vselennoi v probirke". Sootvetstvenno, neobhodimo sravnivat' raznye podhody monopolizm i otsutstvie svobodnogo kompetentnogo obsuzhdeniya nauke protivopokazano).

    Avtory (izvestneishie specialisty v svoei oblasti) sravnivayut dva chislennyh koda, osnovannyh na raznyh metodikah. Obsuzhdayutsya prichiny neskol'ko razlichayushihsya rezul'tatov raboty dvuh programm.


    gr-qc/0312115 Problema kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (Cosmological Constant Problem)
    Authors: J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 8 pages. No figures. Latex file. Talk given at QFEXT03, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, September 15-19, 2003. To be published in the proceedings by Rinton Press

    Daetsya korotkii obzor sovremennogo sostoyaniya issledovanii kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi i stoyashih pered uchenymi problem. Predlagaetsya vozmozhnyi put' resheniya etih problem. Krome togo predlagaetsya kosmicheskii eksperiment, prizvannyi issledovat' povedenie energii vakuuma v gravitacionnom pole.



    Vypusk 62. 01-15 dekabrya 2003

    miniobzor astro-ph/0312154 Temnaya materiya v galaktikah: nablyudatel'nyi obzor (Dark Matter in Galaxies: Observational overview)
    Authors: A. Bosma
    Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures, includes style file, invited review at IAU Symposium 220, eds. S. Ryder, D.J. Pisano, M. Walker & K.C. Freeman, has 2 page appendix with historical notes

    Soglasno vsem imeyushimsya na segodnyashnii den' dannym vo Vselennoi prisutstvuet znachitel'noe kolichestvo temnogo veshestva. Po vsei vidimosti eto nekie elementarnye chasticy, proyavlyayushie sebya v pervuyu ochered' v gravitacionnom vzaimodeistvii. V silu poslednego obstoyatel'stva temnaya materiya vazhna dlya obrazovaniya struktury vo Vselennoi.

    Temnaya materiya dominiruet po masse v bol'shinstve krupnyh galaktik. Po suti galaktiki pogruzheny v galo temnoi materii. V obzore avtor posledovatel'no i dostupno opisyvaet sovremennye nablyudatel'nye dannye po svoistvam temnoi materii v galaktikah. Obsuzhdayutsya nereshennye problemy. Daetsya istoricheskii obzor.


    Vypusk 61. 16-30 noyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0311342 Razmery samyh dlinnyh filamentov vo Vselennoi (The Size of the Longest Filaments in the Universe)
    Authors: Somnath Bharadwaj et al.
    Comments: 15 pages, 4 figures

    Filamenty iskalis' po obzoru Las Campanas redshift survey (LCRS). Razmer samyh dlinnyh iz nih sostavlyaet 50-80 megaparsek. Bolee dlinnye struktury okazalis' statisticheski neznachimymi.


    astro-ph/0311364 Est' li ukazaniya v dannyh po sverhnovym na evolyuciyu temnoi energii? (Is there Supernova Evidence for Dark Energy Metamorphosis ?)
    Authors: Ujjaini Alam, Varun Sahni, Tarun Deep Saini, A. A. Starobinsky
    Comments: 14 pages, 13 figures

    Kratko sut': avtory polagayut, chto v dannyh po dalekim sverhnovym im udalos' naiti ukazanie na izmenenie uravneniya sostoyaniya temnoi energii.

    Obychno mnogie stavyat znak ravenstva mezhdu "temnoi energiei" i "kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi". Strogo zhe govorya, poslednee podrazumevaet neizmennost' vo vremeni. Esli zhe avtory dannoi raboty pravy, to temnaya enegiya izmenyaetsya s rasshireniem Vselennoi.

    Sm. takzhe rabotu Espana-Bonet et al. "Testing the running of the cosmological constant with Type Ia Supernovae at high z"(hep-ph/0311171).


    miniobzor! astro-ph/0311435 Nereshennye problemy v kosmologii (Open Problems in Cosmology)
    Authors: P. J. E. Peebles
    Comments: Contribution to TAUP 2003, Seattle, September, 2003; five pages

    Polupopulyarnoe korotkoe esse na temu stoyashih pered kosmologiei problem. Pibls vydelyaet shest' punktov, rabota nad kotorymi, po ego mneniyu, mozhet privesti k sushestvennomu prodvizheniyu v nashem ponimanii togo, kak ustroena Vselennaya:
    1. Izuchenie gravitacii.
    2. Nablyudatel'nye dannye po kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi.
    3. Fizika kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi.
    4. Analiz nekotoryh "sovpadenii".
    5. Fizika temnoi materii.
    6. Fizika ochen' rannei Vselennoi

    Na samom dele stoit prochitat' stat'yu, chtoby ponyat', chto stoit za etimi pyat'yu punktami (nash perevod zdes' ne ochen' udachen, t.k. ne otrazhaet vseh postavlennyh v kazhdom punkte problem).


    astro-ph/0311495 Uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi ili smeshivanie aksionov i fotonov (Cosmic acceleration vs axion-photon mixing)
    Authors: Bruce A. Bassett
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 colour figures

    Ochen' prostaya i krasivaya ideya: my nablyudaem dalekie sverhnovye tipa Ia i vidim, chto oni neskol'ko slabee, chem dolzhny byli by byt' vo Vselennoi rasshiryayusheisya soglasno modelyam Fridmana. I my delaem vyvod, chto Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya uskorenno. No snizhenie svetimosti mozhet byt' svyazano s tem, chto chast' fotonov po puti k nam prevratilis' v drugie chasticy - aksiony. (Primerno takoe zhe yavlenie privodilo k nedostatku neitrino ot Solnca na Zemle i zakonchilos' otkrytiem smeshivaniya razlichnyh sortov neitrino.) Strogim dokazatel'stvom smeshivaniya mozhet stat' obnaruzhenie sistematicheskoi raznicy mezhdu fotometricheskimi rasstoyaniyami (opredelyaemymi po svetimosti dalekih ob'ektov) i uglovymi rasstoyaniyami (opredelyaemymi po uglovomu diametru dalekogo ob'ekta).

    [Zamechanie: Veroyatno eta krasivaya ideya vse-taki ne verna, poskol'ku uskorenie rasshireniya Vselennoi nezavisimo podtverzhdaetsya i po chito kosmologicheskim dannym.]


    obzor astro-ph/0311518 Modelirovanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (Simulations of the Intergalactic Medium)
    Authors: Romeel Dav\'e
    Comments: 15 pages, Invited review for IAU 216 "Maps of the Cosmos"

    Horoshii bogato proillyustrirovannyi obzor po mezhgalakticheskoi srede. Mnogo istoricheskih otstuplenii i fenomenologii, chto konechno zhe oblegchaet chtenie i ponimanie.

    V poslednie gody poyavlyayutsya novye interesnye eksperimental'nye dannye po mezhgalakticheskoi srede i ee evolyucii, a eto tesneishim obrazom svyazano s obrazovaniem struktur vo Vselennoi, s poyavleniem pervyh zvezd i kvazarov ... T.e. s samymi "goryachimi" temami v sovremennoi vnegalakticheskoi astronomii. Poetomu takie obzory seichas bolee chem aktual'ny.


    obzor astro-ph/0311575 Modelirovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury v novom tysyacheletii (Simulations of Large-Scale Structure in the New Millennium)
    Authors: Yasushi Suto
    Comments: 15 pages, Invited review for IAU symposium 216 "Maps of the Cosmos"

    Napomnim, chto dannye po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture - eto odin iz chetyreh kitov, na kotoryh pokoitsya sovremennaya nablyudatel'naya kosmologiya. S teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya struktura issleduetsya metodom chislennogo modelirovaniya. Avtor obsuzhdaet puti razvitiya etogo napravleniya v blizhaishie gody. Vazhnym zdes' okazyvaetsya ne tol'ko i ne stol'ko uvelichenie moshnosti komp'yuterov, a novye nablyudatel'nye dannye, kotorye pozvolyayut tochnee zadavat' nachal'nye usloviya.


    Vypusk 60. 01-15 noyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0311072 Soglasovannost' kosmicheskih potokov na masshtabah 100 Mpk/h (The Consistency of Cosmic Flows on 100 Mpc/h Scales)
    Authors: Michael J. Hudson
    Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure

    Po ob'edinennym dannym poslednih obzorov pekulyarnyh skorostei galaktik (SMAC, SC, EFAR i dr.) vosstanovlena struktura krupnomasshtabnyh dvizhenii, na rasstoyaniyah do 100 Mpk (na etom rasstoyanii srednyaya skorost' dvizheniya galaktik sostavlyaet 350+/-80 km/s). Poluchennaya kartina pokazana vnizu. Poluchivshayasya struktura udovletvoryaet predskazaniyam sovremennoi CDM kosmologicheskoi modeli.


    astro-ph/0311261 Postroenie izobrazhenii effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha priborom ACBAR na teleskope Viper (Imaging the Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect using ACBAR on Viper)
    Authors: A.K.Romer et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 5 figures

    Krupnye skopleniya galaktik okruzhaet ochen' goryachii gaz, ego temperatura opredelyaetsya usloviem ravnovesiya v moshnom gravitacionnom pole skopleniya. Chast' fotonov reliktovogo izlucheniya, prohodya skvoz' takie oblaka, rasseivayutsya na energichnyh elektronah i peremeshayutsya iz mikrovolnovoi oblasti v rentgenovskuyu. A rezul'tate v radiodiapazone vokrug skopleniya budet nablyudat'sya nedostatok mikrovolnovyh fotonov, t.e. ponizhenie temperatury reliktovogo izlucheniya. Eto i est' effekt Syuryaeva-Zel'dovicha.

    Postroeniem mikrovolnovyh kart skoplenii galaktik v techenie 2001 i 2002 godov zanimalsya ustanovlennyi na yuzhnom polyuse teleskop Viper (s pomosh'yu massiva bolometrov ACBAR). Karty dvuh skoplenii pokazany nizhe, effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha viden "nevooruzhennym glazom".

    Karty skoplenii 1E0657-56 i Abell S1063 na chastote 150 GGc. Izmenenie temperatury reliktovogo izlucheniya privedeno v mikrokel'vinah.
    Karty yarkogo rentgenovskogo skopleniya 1E0657-67 (z=0.299) na chastotah 150, 210 i 275 GGc.

    Poslednyaya karta vzyata iz eshe odnoi raboty togo zhe nauchnogo kollektiva:
    (astro-ph/0311263) P.Gomez et al.
    Nablyudeniya effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha na massivnyh skopleniyah galaktik (Sunyaev-Zeldovich Observations of Massive Clusters of Galaxies)


    astro-ph/0311269 Raspredeleniya pikov effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha v nablyudatel'nyh obzorah (Reconstructing the Peak Distribution in the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Surveys)
    Authors: Jounghun Lee, Naoki Yoshida
    Comments: 13 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters

    Chto takoe effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha modno prochest' v predydushei zametke. A zdes' pokazana kartina, otkryvshayasya astronomam v posle provedeniya ryada radio obzorov.

    Na nizhnei kartinke izobrazheno povedenie mikrovolnovogo fona, na verhnei - real'naya kartina, nablyudaemaya pri vysokom razreshenii. Ih raznost', t.e. prakticheski vse detali na verhnem izobrazhenii, proyavlenie effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha na dalekih skopleniyah galaktik.


    obzor astro-ph/0311292 Kosmicheskoe vozrozhdenie: pervye istochniki sveta (Cosmic Renaissance: The First Sources of Light)
    Authors: Volker Bromm
    Comments: 16 pages, 7 figures, invited review, to appear in PASP, Feb. 2004

    Otlichnyi obzor, posvyashennyi pervym zvezdam i kvazaram.

    Pervye (ochen' massivnye - bolee chem v 100 raz tyazhelee Solnca) zvezdy obrazuyutsya na krasnyh smesheniyah z=20-30. Pervye kvazary poyavlyayutsya chut' pozzhe - na z=10. Imenno takovy vyvody, poluchaemye iz chislennogo modelirovaniya. Oni nahodyatsya v razumnom soglasii s dannymi nablyudenii. Odnako, poslednih poka nedostatochno. Seichas planiruetsya neskol'ko nazemnyh i kosmicheskih proektov, kotorye smogut "prolit' svet na pervyi svet".

    V obzore rech' idet v osnovnom o modelirovanii rozhdeniya pervyh zvezd. "Na pal'cah" opisany osnovnye processy i parametry. S etoi tochki zreniya obzor ochen' udachnyi, na nash vzglyad. Kvazaram udeleno znachitel'no men'she mesta, no osnovnye problemy kratko opisany.

    Bolee 100 ssylok pomogut chitatelyu naiti neobhodimuyu dopolnitel'nuyu informaciyu.


    Vypusk 59. 19-31 oktyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0310476 Goryachii i teplyi mezhgalakticheskii gaz v napravlenii 3C 120? (A warm hot intergalactic medium towards 3C 120?)
    Authors: B. McKernan et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, uses emulateapj.cls, ApJL (accepted)

    Okolo poloviny barionov vo Vselennoi dolzhny nahoditsya v teplom ili goryachem gaze v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve. Obnaruzhit' eto veshestvo ochen' nelegko. Ono dolzhno proyavlyat' sebya v vide detalei v spektrah dalekih galaktik. Avtory etoi raboty izuchali rentgenovskii spektr seifertovskoi galaktiki, poluchennyi na Chandre.

    Issledovateli v samom dele obnaruzhili sil'nuyu spektral'nuyu detal', kotoruyu oni svyazyvayut s teplym/goryachim mezhgalakticheskim gazom. Eto nablyudenie podtverzhdaet raschety, soglasno kotorym sushestvuyut volokna takogo gaza. Himicheskii sostav eto veshestva mozhet zametno otlichat'sya ot solnechnogo.


    obzor astro-ph/0310571 Karta Vselennoi (A Map of the Universe)
    Authors: J. Richard Gott III et al.
    Comments: Additional material accessible on the web at: http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~mjuric/universe/

    Vot tak! Ni bol'she, ni men'she. Karta prostiraetsya ot okrestnostei nashei planety do kosmicheskogo reliktovogo izlucheniya (po suti imeetsya vvidu "poverhnost' poslednego rasseyaniya", samo-to izluchenie est' i vokrug nas) i vklyuchaet v sebya novye dannye (poyas Koipera, SDSS etc.).

    Chitaite ob etom otdel'nuyu ANKU.



    miniobzor astro-ph/0310572 Al'ternativy temnoi materii (?) (Alternatives to Dark Matter (?))
    Authors: Anthony Aguirre
    Comments: 10 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 220 "Dark matter in galaxies", eds. S. Ryder, D.J. Pisano, M. Walker and K. Freeman

    Avtor rassmatrivaet razlichnye proveryaemye al'ternativy temnoi materii v galaktikah i skopleniyah galaktik. Pokazano, chto mnogie iz nih mogut byt' blagopoluchno otbrosheny. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno MOND-MODified Newtonian Dynamics.


    obzor astro-ph/0310642 Izmerenie nashei vselennoi po dannym obzorov krasnyh smeshenii (Measuring our universe from galaxy redshift surveys)
    Authors: Ofer Lahav, Yasushi Suto
    Comments: 79 pages, 29 figures, invited review article submitted to Living Reviews in Relativity, http://relativity.livingreviews.org

    Bol'shie obzory krasnyh smeshenii galaktik - vazhnoe dostizhenie sovremennoi nablyudatel'noi astronomii. V chastnosti, eto vazhnyi instrument sovremennoi kosmologii. Imenno o etom, a takzhe o razvitii dannogo napravleniya issledovanii, i rasskazyvaetsya v obzore.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0310707 Pryamye poiski temnoi materii (Direct Dark Matter Searches)
    Authors: Wolfgang Seidel
    Comments: 7 pages, Proceedings Physics in Collision, Zeuthen, Germany, 2003

    Ochen' korotkii obzor po popytkam neposredstvennoi (laboratornoi) registracii chastic temnoi materii. Po suti sam obzor zanimaet menee 5 stranic, gde perechisleny osnovnye tipy detektorov i privedeny primery deistvuyushih (ili uzhe otrabotavshih) ustanovok.


    astro-ph/0310723 Kosmologicheskie parametry soglasno SDSS i WMAP (Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP)
    Authors: M. Tegmark et al.
    Comments: SDSS data and ppt figures available at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/sdsspars.html

    My mnogo raz pisali ob opredelenii kosmologicheskih parametrov po dannym poslednih eksperimentov, vklyuchaya Sloanovskii cifrovoi obzor neba (SDSS) i sputnik WMAP, izuchayushii reliktovyi fon. Tegmark i soavtory iz komand SDSS i WMAP predstavlyayut po-vidimomu naibolee polnoe na segodnyashnii den' issledovanie.

    Ne budem vdavat'sya v detali - oni privedeny v stat'e (a takzhe v soputstvuyushih rabotah, o kotoryh chut' nizhe). Privedem rezul'taty:
    postoyannaya Habbla: 70 km/s/Mpk
    plotnost' veshestva: 0.3
    massa neitrino: <0.6 eV.

    Avtory detal'no opisyvayut parametry, modeli, kotorye oni ispol'zuyut i t.p., soprovozhdaya eto ponyatnymi illyustraciyami.

    V otdel'noi stat'e "The 3D power spectrum of galaxies from the SDSS" opisyvayutsya rezul'taty Sloanovskogo obzora po issledovaniyu krupnomasshtabnoi struktury na baze izmerenii 205,443 galaktik. Opyat' zhe vnimatel'no issleduyutsya vozmozhnye istochniki oshibok i neopredelennostei. Eto bol'shaya stat'ya, soderzhashaya 40 risunkov. odin iz kotoryh my privodim.


    Na risunke privedeno raspredelenie >67000 galaktik vblizi ekvatorial'noi ploskosti. Cvet kodiruet absolyutnuyu zvezdnuyu velichinu.

    Upomyanem zdes' zhe stat'yu Bonda i dr. "Cosmic microwave background snapshots: pre-WMAP and post-WMAP". V nei, kak yasno iz nazvaniya, rech' idet o nablyudeniyah mikrovolnovogo (reliktovogo) fona do i posle WMAP. Po suti eto obzor. Avtory takzhe vyvodyat osnovnye kosmologicheskie parametry.

    Vozmozhno, ne lishne upomyantu' i rabotu "Morphology of Mock SDSS Catalogues", v kotoroi dannye SDSS ispol'zuyutsya dlya izucheniya sverhskoplenii.

    Vazhnym ob'edinyayushim momentom vseh etih rabot yavlyaetsya sozdanie soglasovannoi kosmologicheskoi kartiny (sm. takzhe ANKU "Karta Vselennoi").


    astro-ph/0310788 Rezul'taty Archeops (Archeops results)
    Authors: J.-Ch. Hamilton, A. Beno\^{\i}t and the Archeops Collaboration
    Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures, to appear in C.R. Physique

    Opisany rezul'taty poslednego poleta balonnogo eksperimenta Archeops po izmereniyu mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya. Krome, estestvenno, kosmologicheskih rezul'tatov, opisany i drugie. Osobyi interes predstavlyaet podrobnaya karta diffuznogo submillimetrovogo izlucheniya v ploskosti nashei Galaktiki (napomnim, chto pri postroenii polnoi karty reliktovogo fona prihoditsya vychitat' vklad Galaktiki, a eto sovsem neprostoe delo).


    Karta Galaktiki na volne 353 GGc.


    hep-ph/0310304 Soglasovannye uravneniya dlya kosmologii Randall-Sandram: test dlya inflyacii v mire bran (Consistency equations in Randall-Sundrum cosmology: a test for braneworld inflation)
    Authors: Gianluca Calcagni
    Comments: 13 pages, to be published in JCAP

    Esli vy pridumali "sumasshedshuyu" shemu miroustroistva, to vam srazu nado zadumat'sya nad vozmozhnost'yu proverki vashei teorii. Prichem vazhno ne tol'ko, chtoby vasha teoriya ob'yasnyala vse to, chto i drugie. Vazhno naiti kriticheskii test: chto smoglo by razdelit' proyavleniya raznyh struktur. V etoi rabote avtor rassmatrivaet odin iz variantov brannogo mira Randall-Sandram. Pokazano, kak budushie eksperimenty smogut razlichit' zhivem li my v sootvetstvuyushem mire bran ili net.


    Vsem!Vsem!Vsem! astro-ph/0310808 Putanica s rasshireniem: chastoe neponimanie kosmologicheskih gorizontov i sverhsvetovoe rasshirenie Vselennoi (Expanding Confusion: common misconceptions of cosmological horizons and the superluminal expansion of the Universe)
    Authors: Tamara M. Davis, Charles H. Lineweaver
    Comments: To appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 26 pages (preprint format), 6 figures

    Ochen' interesnaya i vazhnaya stat'ya! Ona soderzhit "pedagogicheskii" razbor shiroko rasprostranennyh zabluzhdenii otnositel'no rasshireniya Vselennoi.

    Rasshirenie Vselennoi - yavlenie nastol'ko neobychnoe i strannoe, chto tut legko zaputat'sya. Korotkii vopros kolleg pokazal, chto v golovah astrofizikov i pravda sushestvuet putanica, opisannaya v stat'e. V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o voprose: "Mozhno li nablyudat' galaktiki, udalyayushiesya ot nas bystree skorosti sveta?" Pravil'nyi otvet - "da". Nado pokayatsya, chto i my vnesli vklad v rasprostranenie zabluzhdenii. Uspokaivaet lish' privedennyi v stat'e spisok, gde perechisleny naibolee "gromkie" ssylki (vklyuchaya knigi i stat'i Devisa, Liddla i dr.), gde takzhe govoritsya o principial'noi nevozmozhnosti nablyudeniya galaktik, ch'ya skorost' udaleniya ot nas (svyazannaya s rasshireniem Vselennoi) pevyshaet skorost' sveta.

    Ochen' sovetuem prochest' i razobrat'sya!


    polupopulyarno astro-ph/0310911 Vzaimosvyazi mezhdu Bol'shim i Malym (Connections Between Big and Small)
    Authors: John Ellis
    Comments: Opening Lecture at the 31st SLAC Summer Institute, July 2003: PSN L01, 19 pages latex, 9 eps figures, uses ssi.sty (included)

    Eto vvodnaya lekciya, kotoraya prizvana dostatochno populyarno obrisovat' vzaimosvyazi mezhdu fizikoi mikromira i kosmologiei. Na samom dele, eto skoree obzor po kosmologii, gde osoboe vnimanie udeleno problemam, kotorye mogut imet' otnoshenie k mikromiru (temnaya energiya, kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii i t.p.).

    Sm. takzhe vtoruyu stat'yu Ellisa "Cosmic Connections".

    Vypusk 58. 01-17 oktyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0310048 Habblovskii potok na ochen' malyh rasstoyaniyah: komp'yuternoe modelirovanie dinamicheskoi istorii (The very local Hubble flow: computer simulations of dynamical history)
    Authors: A.D.Chernin et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted in A&A

    Habbl podtverdil svoi zakon razbeganiya galaktik po nablyudeniyam blizkih ob'ektov mestnoi gruppy galaktik (r<3 Mpk). Pozzhe, kogda byli izmereny rasstoyaniya i krasnye smesheniya gorazdo bolee dalekih galaktik, vyyasnilos', chto eto podtverzhdenie bylo sluchainym: pekulyarnye skorosti blizkih k nam galaktik namnogo prevyshayut skorosti sistematicheskogo Habblovskogo udaleniya. Takim obrazom, obnaruzhennaya Habblom zavisimost' na malyh rasstoyaniya otrazhaet ne obshee rasshirenie Vselennoi, a strukturu mestnogo potoka galaktik.

    V dannoi rabote provedeno modelirovanii dvizhenii galaktik mestnoi gruppy i pokazano, chto v proshlom "postoyannaya Habbla"opredelennaya po etim galaktikam byla by sushestvenno bol'she ee istinnogo znacheniya.

    Otnoshenie skorosti k rasstoyaniyu ("postoyannaya Habbla") dlya nekotoryh galaktik mestnoi gruppy v proshlom


    miniobzor astro-ph/0310133 Fizika neitrino i kosmologiya (Neutrino physics from cosmology)
    Authors: Steen Hannestad (Univ. Southern Denmark)
    Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures

    Kosmologicheskie nablyudeniya poslednih neskol'kih let (v pervuyu ochered' prodolzhayushiisya eksperiment WMAP) dayut ser'eznye ogranicheniya na parametry neitrino: v pervuyu ochered' na chislo legkih neitrino i na ih massy (v zavisimosti ot chisla).


    astro-ph/0310253 Dodekaedral'naya topologiya Vselennoi, kak ob'yasnenie temperaturnyh korrelyacii reliktovogo fona na bol'shih uglovyh masshtabah (Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background)
    Authors: J.-P. Luminet et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, Nature 425, p. 593, 2003

    Kraine interesnaya stat'ya: nasha Vselennaya mozhet imet' netrivial'nuyu topologiyu. V etom sluchae odni i te zhe ee oblasti my nablyudaem v neskol'kih mestah na nebe, chto i ob'yasnyaet krupnomasshtabnye korrelyacii temperatury reliktovogo fona. No ob etom nado pisat' gorazdo podrobnee.


    A vot eta stat'ya utverzhdaet, chto bol'shinstvo topologicheski netrivial'nyh modelei mozhet byt' otbrosheno, po krainei mere dlya topologicheskih shkal men'shih 24 Gpk.
    astro-ph/0310233 Neil J. Cornish et al. Ogranicheniya na topologiyu Vselennoi (Constraining the Topology of the Universe)


    astro-ph/0310267 Kosmologicheskaya evolyuciya mass chernyh dyr v kvazarah (The cosmological evolution of quasar black-hole masses)
    Authors: R.J.McLure, J.S. Dunlop
    Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS

    Po dannym Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba polucheny virial'nye ocenki mass chernyh dyr bolee chem v 12000(!) kvazarov s 0.1<z<2.1. Eti massy lezhat v intervale ot 107Mo do 3x109Mo, t.e. ne prevyshayut massy samyh bol'shih chernyh dyr, nablyudaemyh v centrah galaktik. Bolee togo, bolometricheskaya svetimost' kvazarov ne prevoshodit eddingtonovskii predel, sootvetstvuyushii ocenkam mass nahodyashihsya v nih chernyh dyr.

    Otdel'noe issledovanie vyborki kvazarov s 1.9<z<2.1 pokazalo, chto bol'shinstvo chernyh dyr s M>3x108Mo sushestvovalo uzhe togda.

    Raspredelenie 1069 kvazarov c 1.9<z<2.1 po absolyutnoi zvezdnoi velichine. Chernaya gistogramma pokazyvaet analogichnoe raspredelenie podmnozhestva kvazarov, ch'ya massa prevyshaet ukazannyi na risunke porog.


    astro-ph/0310283 Pervye oblasti HII vo Vselennoi (The First HII Region in the Universe)
    Authors: Daniel Whalen et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Pervymi (posle rekombinacii veshestva vo Vselennoi) moshnymi istochnikami ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya stali massivnye zvezdy Pervogo Pokoleniya. Vokrug takih zvezd obrazovyvalis' ionizacionnye fronty, otdelyavshie oblast' veshestva ionizovannogo zvezdoi ot okruzhayushei neitral'noi sredy. Po mere udaleniya fronta ot zvezdy rezhim ego dvizheniya izmenyalsya. Raschety prodelannye avtorami pokazyvayut, chto primerno 95% ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya pokidali okrestnosti zvezd.


    astro-ph/0310338 Neozhidanno bol'shie fluktuacii v statistike obrazovaniya galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Unusually Large Fluctuations in the Statistics of Galaxy Formation at High Redshift)
    Authors: Rennan Barkana et al.
    Comments: 8 ApJ pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Kak pokazano v dannoi stat'e, takie vehi v istorii obrazovaniya galaktik, kak rozhdenie pervyh zvezd ili polnaya reionizaciya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, proishodyat v raznye momenty vremeni v raznyh oblastyah Vselennoi. Etot razbros ob'yasnyaetsya tem, chto v nekotoryh iz etih oblastei galaktik bol'she, a v nekotoryh men'she. I on pochti na poryadok velichiny prevyshaet poluchavshiesya ranee ocenki, soglasno kotorym povtornaya ionizaciya dolzhna byla prohodit' bystro.

    Podobnyi razbros momenta polnoi ionizacii veshestva v razlichnyh tochkah Vselennoi mozhet ob'yasnit' nekotorye svoistva karlikovyh galaktik, no odnovremenno vyzyvaet mnogo novyh voprosov.


    Vypusk 57. 22-30 sentyabrya

    astro-ph/0309796 Raspredelenie sverhnovyh tipa Ia po krasnym smesheniyam: ogranicheniya na praroditelei sverhnovyh i na istoriyu zvezdoobrazovaniya (The Redshift Distribution of Type-Ia Supernovae: Constraints on Progenitors and Cosmic Star Formation History)
    Authors: Avishay Gal-Yam and Dan Maoz
    Comments: 9 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS, accepted

    Proekty poiska dalekih sverhnovyh vedutsya uzhe neskol'ko let, zaregistrirovano neskol'ko desyatkov takih sobytii (0.3<z<1) - teper' mozhno pristupit' k statisticheskoi obrabotke vsego mnozhestva zaregistrirovannyh yavlenii.

    V dannoi rabote byl vypolnen sleduyushii analiz - dlya razlichnyh empiricheskih zakonov zvezdoobrazovaniya vo Vselennoi (pokazannyh na risunke) byla ocenena zaderzhka mezhdu obrazovaniem zvezdy, iz kotoroi voznikla sverhnovaya, i momentom vzryva. Dazhe v obshem sluchae etot interval okazyvaetsya dovol'no velik: poryadka ili bolee 1 mlrd.let, dlya zakona zvezdoobrazovaniya Madau poluchaetsya ocenka >1.7 mlrd.let (na 95% urovne znachimosti), dlya zakona Lancetta v kotorom zvezdoobrazovanie na bol'shih z sushestvenno vyshe - >2.5 mlrd.let.

    Empiricheskie zakony zvezdoobrazovaniya vo Vselennoi:
    (sleva) zakon Madau - maksimal'nyi temp zvezdoobrazovaniya prihoditsya na z=1.5-2;
    (v centre) zakon Lancetta - temp zvezdoobrazovaniya rastet s z, do z~2 - bystro, zatem - medlennee;
    (sprava) zakon Kovi-Steidelya s postoyannym tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya pri z>2.

    Eshe odna stat'ya teh zhe avtorov na blizkuyu temu:

    astro-ph/0309797 Chastota vspyshek sverhnovyh tipa Ia v skopleniyah galaktik pri z<1: prilozhenie k proishozhdeniyu sverhnovyh i istochnikam zheleza v skopleniyah (The Type-Ia Supernova Rate in z < 1 Galaxy Clusters: Implications for Progenitors and the Source of Cluster Iron)


    Vypusk 56. 13-20 sentyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0309330 Eksperimental'nye aspekt zerkal'noi temnoi materii (Experimental implications of mirror matter-type dark matter)
    Authors: R. Foot
    Comments: 12 pages

    My neodnokratno pisali o rabotah Futa i kompanii, i vot, po slovam avtora, daetsya pedagogicheskii obzor sootvetstvuyushih problem.


    astro-ph/0309368 Novye ogranicheniya na OmegaM, OmegaLambda i w po nezavisimomu naboru odinnadcati sverhnovyh na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, nablyudavshihsya na Habblovskom teleskope (New Constraints on OmegaM, OmegaLambda, and w from an Independent Set of Eleven High-Redshift Supernovae Observed with HST)
    Authors: R.A.Knop et al.
    Comments: 52 pages, 14 figures, 31 tables, accepted in ApJ

    Dlya odinnadcati sverhnovyh na krasnyh smesheniyah z=0.36-0.86 s pomosh'yu kamery shirokogo polya WFPC-2 Habblovskogo teleskopa byli polucheny ochen' tochnye krivye bleska. Dannye po etoi gruppe sverhnovyh byli obrabotany nezavisimo i oni podtverzhdayut poluchennye ranee (po drugim dalekim sverhnovym) dannye ob uskorennom rasshirenii Vselennoi. A buduchi ob'edineny s bolee rannimi dannymi proekta "Kosmologiya po Sverhnovym" (Supernova Cosmology Project) eti rezul'taty dayut sleduyushie ocenki kosmologicheskih parametrov:


    (Pervaya para +/- predstavlyaet soboi statisticheskuyu pogreshnost',
    vtoroe chislo - sistematicheskaya oshibka s otozhdestvlennymi istochnikami.)

    Novaya vyborka imeet gorazdo bolee tochnye cveta i pozvolyaet sushestvenno tochnee uchityvat' pogloshenie sveta v galaktikah, gde proishodili vspyshki Sverhnovyh.

    Bolee podrobnye dannye i risunki s vysokim razresheniem k dannoi rabote mozhno naiti na saite http://supernova.lbl.gov.


    obzor astro-ph/0309414 MAXIMA: Ballonnyi eksperiment po izmereniyu anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya (MAXIMA: A Balloon-Borne Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Experiment)
    Authors: B.Rabii et al.
    Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, 13 tables. Submitted to ApJ.

    MAXIMA (Millimeter wave Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array) - ballonnyi eksperiment po izmereniyu anizotropii mikrovolnovogo fona na chastotah 150, 240 i 410 GGc s uglovymi razresheniyami ot 10' do 5o. Kombinirovannaya chuvstvitel'nost' 16 bolometrov MAXIMA sostavlyaet primerno 40 mikroK/s1/2. V 1999 godu bylo proizvedeno dva zapuska apparata (v severnom polusharii), obshaya dlitel'nost' nablyudenii v kotoryh sostavila 8.5 chasov. Za eto vremya byla sdelana mikrovolnovaya karta primerno 300 kv.grad neba.

    MAXIMA, a takzhe ryad drugih ballonnyh i nazemnyh eksperimentov (BOOMERANG, QMASK, DASI) predvoshitili rezul'taty kosmicheskogo eksperimenta WMAP (a po izmereniyam s vysokim razresheniem prevoshodyat ih do sih por).

    V dannom obzore privedeno sistematicheskoe opisanie i izlozhenie rezul'tatov eksperimenta MAXIMA.

    Blok priemnikov (bolometrov) MAXIMA.

    Dopolnitel'naya informaciya, karty, postroennye MAXIMA, spektr moshnosti anizotropii dostupny na saite proekta http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/maxima/.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Archeops: an instrument for present and future cosmology" (astro-ph/0309349), posvyashennuyu drugomu proektu.


    Vypusk 55. 01-12 sentyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0309320 Shkala odnorodnosti Vselennoi po dannym WMAP (Scale of Homogeneity of the Universe from WMAP)
    Authors: Patricia G. Castro et al.
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D. Brief Report

    Dovol'no davno Grishuk i Zel'dovich napisali rabotu o tom, kak neodnorodnost' Vselennoi na masshtabah mnogo bol'shih razmerov ee nyneshnego gorizonta skazyvaetsya na anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Etot effekt svyazan s tem, chto po mere uvelicheniya razmera gorizonta (iz-za rasshireniya Vselennoi) v nego pronikayut vozmusheniya plotnosti s masshtabami, kotorye ran'she ne mogli nablyudat'sya i, takim obrazom, Vselennaya "nemnogo chuvstvuet" to, chto raspolozheno za ee predelami. Neodnorodnost' na sverhkrupnyh masshtabah skazyvaetsya na amplitude kvadrupolya (samoi nizshei garmoniki) reliktovogo mikrovolnovogo fona.

    Esli zhe teper' vzyat' spektr anizotropii relikta, postroennyi po nablyudeniyam WMAP, to mozhno poluchit' nizhnii predel masshtaba zagorizontnoi neodnorodnosti raspredeleniya veshestva vo Vselennoi. Eta ocenka okazyvaetsya v 3927 bol'shei razmerov nyneshnego gorizonta (pri urovne znachimosti ravnom 95%). [Prim.: Otmetim, chto amplitudy treh nainizshih garmonik anizotropii reliktovogo fona schitayutsya anomal'no nizkimi nastol'ko, chto dlya ob'yasneniya etih faktov pytayutsya privlekat' "novuyu fiziku". Iz-za etogo, vozmozhno, budut voznikat' problemy s neposredstvennym primeneniem rezul'tata Grishuka i Zel'dovicha.]


    astro-ph/0309326 Razvitie Vselennoi i novaya kosmologiya (Development of the Universe and New Cosmology)
    Authors: A.S. Sakharov, H. Hofer
    Comments: 9 pages; The German translation of this mini review can be uploaded from here
    Journal-ref: Bulletin ETH Zurich, 290 (2003) 42

    Nebol'shaya populyarnaya po suti stat'ya. Ochen' legkaya dlya chteniya. Poetomu rekomenduem.


    Vypusk 54 23-31 avgusta 2003
    populyarnyi obzor! astro-ph/0308418 Izmeryaya i starayas' ponyat' Vselennuyu (Measuring and Understanding the Universe)
    Authors: Wendy L. Freedman & Michael S. Turner
    Comments: 39 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Review Modern Physics Colloquia

    Iz-za primeneniya novyh tehnologii v nablyudeniyah v nablyudatel'noi kosmologii nachalas' novaya epoha, odna iz samyh uspeshnyh v ee istorii. V obshem eto eshe odin dostatochno interesnyi i ne slishkom slozhnyi obzor. V vidu yasnosti izlozheniya kraine rekomenduem ego nespecialistam.

    Dlya bolee podgotovlennyh chitatelei upomyanem svezhaishii obzor WMAPing the Universe: Supersymmetry, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Proton Decay and Collider Physics. V etoi ob'emnoi rabote avtory obsuzhdayut ogranicheniya na supersimmetrichnye modeli, davaemye novymi kosmologicheskimi nablyudeniyami, v pervuyu ochered' poluchennymi na sputnike WMAP.

    astro-ph/0308407 Proyavleniya pervyh zvezd v anizotropii infrakrasnogo fona (First Star Signature in Infrared Background Anisotropies)
    Authors: A.Cooray et al.
    Comments: 13 pages, 7 figures

    Sensaciya nachala 2003 goda - dannye po anizotropii relikta, poluchennye WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) - pokazali nam, chto veshestvo vo Vselennoi bylo povtorno ionizovano pri z~20 (porodiv ravnuyu 0.17+/-0.04 opticheskuyu tolshu po Tompsonovskomu rasseyaniyu). Sushestvennuyu rol' v reionizacii dolzhny byli sygrat' zvezdy pervogo pokoleniya (populyacii III). No chast' izlucheniya etih zvezd dolzhna doiti do nas napryamuyu (v oslablennom i pokrasnevshem vide). Eti istochniki dolzhny porodit' specificheskuyu anizotropiyu v fonovom infrakrasnom izluchenii na uglovyh masshtabah poryadka desyatkov minut. Pri "udachnom stechenii obstoyatel'stv" anizotropiya infrakrasnogo izlucheniya ot zvezd populyacii III (z~10-20) na uglovyh garmonikah l~1000 budet prevyshat' anizotropiyu ot blizkih galaktik (z~1) i mozhet byt' zaregistrirovana sovremennymi priborami.

    Vklad razlichnyh istochnikov v spektr moshnosti infrakrasnogo fona: sploshnye sinie linii - zvezdy populyacii III (optimisticheskaya (A) i pessimisticheskaya (B) ocenki), krasnye sploshnye linii - fon galaktik na razlichnyh krasnyh smesheniyah, punktirnye linii - chuvstvitel'nosti razlichnyh priborov i sputnikov.


    Vypusk 53. 10-22 avgusta 2003
    hep-th/0308055 K voprosu ob inflyacii v strunnoi teorii (Towards Inflation in String Theory)
    Authors: Shamit Kachru et al.
    Comments: 41 pages

    Inflyaciya poka ne imeet pryamyh nablyudatel'nyh podtverzhdenii, no kosvennyh uzhe dostatochno mnogo, chtoby otnosit'sya k etoi teorii bolee chem ser'ezno. Teoriya strun vyglyadit ochen' privlekatel'no s teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya. Vozmozhno, chto ee razvitie privedet k sozdaniyu nekotoroi obshei teorii, kotoraya smozhet sobrat' voedino kusochki sovremennoi kartiny mira. Poetomu est' osnovaniya nadeyat'sya, chto v strunnoi teorii dolzhna poyavlyat'sya inflyaciya. Na etu temu est' mnozhestvo rabot. V svoei stat'e gruppa avtorov, vklyuchayushaya Renatu Kallosh i Andreya Linde, detal'no rassmatrivaet etu problemu.

    Osnovnoi vyvod ne ochen' optimistichen: obychno nedouchityvayutsya nekotorye detali, kotorye okazyvayutsya kritichnymi. Poetomu poka rano govorit' o tom, chto v teorii strun estestvennym obrazom voznikaet inflyaciya, trebuetsya nekotoraya podgonka parametrov. No avtory vyrazhayut nadezhdu, chto eto ne nepreodolimaya trudnost', i poka podgonka ne vyglyadit slishkom natyanutoi.


    Vypusk 52. 01-09 avgusta 2003
    gr-qc/0307112 Probuzhdayushayasya Vselennaya (The Emergent Universe: An Explicit Construction)
    Authors: George F.R. Ellis, Jeff Murugan, Christos G. Tsagas
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 eps figures

    Perevod nazvaniya ne vpolne dosloven, odnako horosho peredaet sut'. Avtory razvivayut svoyu model', v kotoroi Vselennaya kak by probuzhdaetsya iz metastabil'nogo t.n. einshteinovskogo sostoyaniya, posle chego sleduet inflyaciya i dalee obychnyi standartnyi scenarii.

    Sobstvenno, v standartnom scenarii vse bolee-menee horosho do inflyacii (dazhe, mozhno skazat', do inflyacii vklyuchitel'no). No chto bylo do? Privlekatel'noi vyglyadit ideya tem ili inym sposobom izbezhat' singulyarnosti. V ramkah mnogih modelei na urovne teorem dokazana neizbezhnost' singulyarnosti, no est' i drugie varianty. V chastnosti, esli vselennaya zakryta, to singulyarnosti mozhno izbezhat'. Sovremennye izmereniya dayut parametr plotnosti 1.02+/-0.02. S odnoi storony eto sil'nyi argument v pol'zu ploskoi modeli, i ne zrya ona naibolee populyarna. S drugoi storony takoi rezul'tat pozvolyaet "protashit'" kak otkrytuyu, tak i zakrytuyu model'. Poslednyuyu vozmozhnost' i issleduyut avtory.

    Vypusk 51. 21-31 iyulya 2003

    obzor astro-ph/0307477 Kosmologiya rannei Vselennoi i fundamental'naya fizika (Early Cosmology and Fundamental Physics)
    Authors: Hector De Vega
    Comments: 14 pages. Based on Lectures at the 9th. Chalonge School in Astrofundamental Physics, Palermo, September 2002, NATO ASI. To appear in the Proceedings, N. S'anchez and Yu. Parijskij editors, Kluwer

    Lekciya mozhet sluzhit' vvedeniem v problemy evolyucii Vselennoi na samyh rannih etapah ee sushestvovaniya i v fundamental'nye fizicheskie processy, deistvuyushie v eto period: fiziku elementarnyh chastic, teoriyu velikogo ob'edineniya i obshuyu teoriyu otnositel'nosti. Osobyi upor v dannom obzore sdelan na inflyaciyu i kvantovye inflatonnye polya. Rassmotreny takzhe voprosy interpretacii anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya i budushie perspektivy teorii, v pervuyu ochered' "v svete" temnoi materii i teorii strun.


    obzor astro-ph/0307403 Poisk temnoi materii (Dark Matter search)
    Authors: R. Bernabei et al.
    Comments: 77 pages, 32 figures
    Journal-ref: Riv. N. Cim. 26 n.1 (2003) 1-73

    Ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti
    chasticu kakuyu-to MeV tridcati ...

    Bol'shoi detal'nyi obzor o laboratornyh poiskah temnoi materii, v pervuyu ochered' na ustanovke DAMA v podzemnoi laboratorii Gran Sasso (Italiya). Hotya v obshem-to malo kto somnevaetsya v sushestvovanii temnoi materii, no poka ee "ne potrogayut rukami", okonchatel'noi yasnosti ne budet.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307396 Mrachnaya epoha Vselennoi (The Dark Age of the Universe)
    Authors: Jordi Miralda-Escude
    Comments: Review article, also available at http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jordi/
    Journal-ref: Science, 300, 1904

    Mrachnaya epoha - eto vremya ot z=1000 (krasnoe smeshenie reliktovogo fona) do momenta poyavleniya pervyh zvezd (i, vozmozhno, kvazarov). T.k. v etu epohu ne bylo yarkih istochnikov, to my ochen' malo znaem o nei. Napominaem, chto stat'i dlya Science pishutsya na dostatochno populyarnom urovne, a potomu u vseh est' shans uznat' iz etoi raboty koe-chto novoe o vremeni, kogda zvezdy eshe ne zazhglis'.


    obzor astro-ph/0307387 Obrazovanie topologicheskih defektov v rannei Vselennoi (Defect formation in the early Universe)
    Authors: A. Rajantie
    Comments: 26 pages, 10 figures

    Topologicheskie defekty - ochen' prostye ob'ekty. Esli v prirode sushestvuet pole, potencial kotorogo (zavisimost' energii ot amplitudy) imeet vid "butylochnogo donyshka" ili "meksikanskoi shlyapy", s lokal'nym maksimumom v centre, okruzhennym kol'cevym minimumom,


    Tipichnyi potencial polya, privodyashii
    k obrazovaniyu topologicheskih defektov.

    to mozhet proizoiti sleduyushee: poka temperatura Vselennoi (t.e. srednyaya energiya vseh chastic) velika po sravneniyu s central'nym maksimumom, srednee znachenie polya ravno nulyu (iz-za simmetrichnoi formy potenciala). Po mere ostyvaniya chasticy nachinayut chuvstvovat' maksimum i, v konce koncov, dolzhny okazat'sya v odnoi iz tochek kol'cevogo minimuma. V dostatochno udalennyh drug ot druga prichinno-nezavisimyh chastyah Vselennoi pole "padaet" v raznye tochki kol'ca, v rezul'tate chego estestvenno voznikayut situacii, podobnye pokazannye na risunke: vokrug topologicheskogo defekta napravlenie vektora polya probegaet vse vozmozhnye znacheniya, a v samom defekte pole "ne znaet kuda emu padat'".


    Obrazovanie topologicheskogo defekta - kosmicheskoi struny -
    pri fazovom perehode i struktura polya vokrug nego.

    Sushestvovanie podobnyh polei predskazyvaetsya mnogimi modelyami elementarnyh chastic. Podobnye defekty voznikayut ne tol'ko v rannei Vselennoi, no i pri razlichnyh fazovyh perehodah.


    astro-ph/0307335 Fizicheskie ukazaniya na sushestvovanie temnoi energii (Physical Evidence for Dark Energy)
    Authors: R. Scranton et al.
    Comments: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Letters (6 pages)

    V nastoyashee vremya razlichnye nezavisimye dannye nablyudenii ukazyvayut na to, chto nasha Vselennaya "ploskaya". S ispol'zovaniem dannogo rezul'tata, obrabatyvaya i kombiniruya dannye sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba (SDSS) i sputnika WMAP, avtory poluchayut novye argumenty v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi energii.

    Vypusk 50. 8-18 iyulya 2003

    obzor astro-ph/0307115 Poisk temnoi materii (Searching for dark matter)
    Authors: M. Roncadelli
    Comments: 27 pages Proceeding of the Conference "Neutrino Telescopes" (Venice, March, 2003)

    V obzore opisyvayutsya osnovnye nablyudatel'nye fakty, svidetel'stvuyushie v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii. Avtor pytalsya izlagat' v dostatochno dostupnoi, no strogoi forme ("pedagogicheskoi" po ego opredeleniyu). Vidimo, eto emu udalos'.


    obzor astro-ph/0307244 Pervichnyi nukleosintez - test dlya pervyh 20 minut zhizni Vselennoi (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Probing the First 20 Minutes)
    Authors: Gary Steigman (OSU)
    Comments: 27 pages, 15 figures. To appear in Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe, ed. W.L.Freedman

    V svoe vremya Stiven Vainberg napisal znamenituyu populyarnuyu knizhku "Pervye tri minuty" (ona perevodilas' i na russkii yazyk, a nedavno byla pereizdana). Etot obzor napisan bolee strogim yazykom, poetomu vse aspekty evolyucii Vselennoi v nego ne vmestilis', mesta hvatilo tol'ko na pervichnyi sintez elementov (pravda obzor eshe ohvatyvaet v sem' raz bol'shii interval vremeni).

    Kak i skol'ko sinteziruetsya deiteriya, geliya-3 i -4, litiya-7? Kak eti velichiny svyazany s kosmologicheskimi parametrami? Kakie ogranicheniya na ih osnove mozhno sdelat'? Na skol'ko nadezhno? - Vot osnovnye voprosy, rassmatrivaemye v dannom obzore.


    astro-ph/0307282 Znachimost' samyh krupnomasshtabnyh fluktuacii relikta po dannym WMAP (The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP
    Authors: Angelica de Oliveira-Costa et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figs

    Eta stat'ya chastichno pereklikaetsya s preprintom astro-ph/0306431, annotaciya kotorogo byla opublikovana v 48-m vypuske nashego obozreniya.

    Povedenie samyh nizkih mul'tipolei anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya neobychno. V dannoi stat'e podmecheny tri interesnye osobennosti:

    1. Kvadrupol' reliktovogo izlucheniya nizhe ozhidaemogo iz teorii. Sluchainoe otklonenie takoi velichiny imeet veroyatnost' realizacii 1/20.
    2. Oktupol' tozhe mal. Veroyatnost' sluchaino realizacii oktupolya 1/20 (sovpadenie veroyatnostei, deistvitel'no, chisto sluchaino).
    3. Nablyudaetsya ochen' blizkoe raspolozhenie osei kvadrupolya i oktupolya, veroyatnost' sluchainoi realizacii kotoroi 1/60.
    Peremnozhaya tri privedennye chisla nahodim, chto nablyudaemye parametry dvuh nizshih garmonik anizotropii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya mogli okazat'sya takimi kak nablyudaetsya sluchaino tol'ko v odnom sluchae iz 24000.

    Odnako nablyudaemye svoistva poluchayut estestvennoe ob'yasnenie v modeli Vselennoi s bolee slozhnoi - toroidal'noi - topologiei s radiusom svertki ravnym primerno polovine radiusa gorizonta.


    Karta anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya po dannym WMAP (vverhu),
    ee kvadrupol' (v seredine) i oktupol' (vnizu).

    Dopolnitel'nye svedeniya mozhno naiti na saite avtorov http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~angelica/topology.html.


    astro-ph/0307285 Mozhet li modificirovannaya gravitaciya ob'yasnit' uskorenie rasshireniya vselennoi? (Can modified gravity explain accelerated cosmic expansion?)
    Authors: A.D. Dolgov, M. Kawasaki
    Comments: 4 pages, no figure

    Nedavno my pisali o popytkah ob'yasnit' uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi s pomosh'yu modificirovannoi gravitacii. V dannoi korotkoi zametke avtory pokazyvayut, chto eto ochen' neprosto. Bolee togo, ih zaklyuchenie sostoit v tom, chto trebuemye parametry protivorechat mnogim horosho ustanovlennym faktam.



    Vypusk 49. 01-07 iyulya 2003

    astro-ph/0307071 Nastoyashee i budushee temnoi energii (Dark Energy Present and Future)
    Author: Paul H. Frampton
    Comments: 9 pages latex. Talk at Fourth Tropical Workshop, Cairns, Australia, June 2003

    Bez vsyakih ob'yasnenii prosto citiruyu avtora: My rassmotreli kosmologicheskie dannye (anizotropiyu relikta, sverhnovye tipa Ia i krupnomasshtabnuyu strukturu) i prishli k vyvodu, chto v ramkah prostoi lineinom modeli uravneniya sostoyaniya temnoi energii nashu Vselennuyu ozhidaet odin iz treh vozmozhnyh variantov budushego:

    1. beskonechnoe rasshirenie v konechnyi moment vremeni ne ranee 7 mlrd. let ot segodnyashnego dnya [podrobnee sm. "Bol'shoi razryv"];
    2. beskonechnoe uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi pri dominirovanii temnoi energii;
    3. dissipaciya temnoi energii v budushem, posle chego Vselennaya budet beskonechno rasshiryat'sya po fridmanovskomu zakonu a(t)~t2/3.

    C vyvodami avtora mozhno sporit' ili somnevat'sya v ih tochnosti, no stol' "raznoobraznoe" budushee govorit o tom, skol' eshe veliki neopredelennosti v dannoi oblasti nauki.


    astro-ph/0307034 Razmezhevanie mezhdu modificirovannoi gravitaciei i temnoi energiei (Differentiating between Modified Gravity and Dark Energy)
    Authors: Arthur Lue, Roman Scoccimarro, Glenn Starkman
    Comments: 15 pages revtex. 1 figure

    Avtory kriticheski rassmatrivayut ideyu o tom, chto uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi mozhet byt' svyazano ne s temnoi energiei, a s modificirovannoi gravitaciei. Interesnoe zaklyuchenie, k kotoromu oni prihodyat, sostoit v tom, chto v sluchae modificirovannoi gravitacii (ob'yasnyayushei nablyudaemoe uskorenie) budut zametnye effekty na masshtabah sushestvenno men'shih Habblovskogo (vplot' do Solnechnoi sistemy). Krome togo, rost kosmologicheskih vozmushenii plotnosti v sluchae modificirovannoi gravitacii budet bolee medlennym. Nablyudeniya samogo blizhaishego budushego (dannye po kosmologicheskim sverhnovym i krupnomasshtabnoi strukture - dlya vozmushenii, dve missii k Merkuriyu - dlya Solnechnoi sistemy) dadut ili ochen' ser'eznye (ubiistvennye?) ogranicheniya na modificirovannuyu gravitaciyu kak ob'yasnenie uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi, ili zhe dadut "polozhitel'nyi effekt" - t.e. budut zaregistrirovany predskazannye MG effekty.

    astro-ph/0307017 Nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya na haoticheskuyu inflyaciyu v "mire na brane" (Observational constraints on braneworld chaotic inflation)
    Authors: Andrew R Liddle, Anthony J Smith
    Comments: 5 pages RevTeX4 file with three figures incorporated

    Ochen' chasto kosmologiyu rannei Vselennoi predstavlyayut kak kakuyu-to smes' matematiki i filosofii (plyus nemnozhko religii po vkusu). Primerno tak ono i bylo let edak .... (avtory obzora togda eshe ne rodilis'). Seichas vse bol'shee i bol'shee znachenie priobretayut nablyudeniya. Modeli nado proveryat'! Imenno etim i zanimayutsya avtory dannoi stat'i. Konkretno, rech' idet o proverke haoticheskoi inflyacii v modeli Randall-Sandram (otmetim, chto fakticheski ideya, ispol'zovannaya Randall i Sandramom, byla ranee predlozhena Merabom Gogberashvili, sm. ob etom takzhe v obzore Rubakova (2001)).


    foto Lizy Randall okazalos' naiti gorazdo proshe, chem foto Ramana Sandrama, navernoe nam ponyatno pochemu...

    Avtory provodyat sravneniya predskazanii teorii dlya raznyh parametrov s dannymi WMAP i 2dF (ob etom obzore my pisali v proshlom vypuske). Rezul'taty govoryat o tom, chto parametry kvadratichnogo potenciala mogut byt' sil'no ogranicheny uzhe sushestvuyushimi dannymi. Po suti avtory hotyat skazat', chto v prostom variante takaya teoriya uzhe nachinaet protivorechit' nablyudeniyam. Chuvstvuetsya, chto s zapuskom sputnika Plank teoretikam stanet eshe slozhnee...


    Vypusk 48. 23-30 iyunya 2003


    astro-ph/0306581 2dF Obzor galakticheskih krasnyh smeshenii: okonchatel'nye dannye (The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Final Data Release)
    Authors: Matthew Colless et al.
    Comments: accompanies the 2dFGRS Final Data Release, available from 30 June 2003 at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/2dFGRS/

    Obshim mestom stalo rassuzhdenie o tom, chto v poslednie 10-20 let v kosmologii imeet mesto nablyudatel'nyi bum: mnogochislennye (nazemnye, ballonye i kosmicheskie) eksperimenty po nablyudeniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya, nablyudeniya ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, izuchenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury ... Odnim iz vazhnyh proektov samogo poslednego vremeni yavlyaetsya 2dF (chto oznachaet "dvuhgradusnoe pole") obzor krasnyh smeshenii. V hode raboty proekta polucheny krasnye smesheniya dlya 221414 istochnikov (v osnovnom eto, razumeetsya, galaktiki). V stat'e predstavleny okonchatel'nye rezul'taty proekta (sm. takzhe Astronomicheskie kartinki dnya ot 14 iyunya 2000, i 4 sentyabrya 2001).

    obzor hep-ph/0306200 Kosmologiya na rubezhe vekov (Cosmology at the Turn of Centuries)
    Authors: A.D. Dolgov
    Comments: 20 pages, Invited talk presented at the International Conference I.Ya. Pomeranchuk and Physics at the Turn of Centuries, January 24-28, 2003, Moscow, Russia

    Obzor sovremennoi kosmologii dlya fizikov. Kratko zatronuty vse osnovnye problemy: kak reshennye, tak i nereshennye. Temnaya materiya, sintez elementov, dinamika rasshireniya i t.d. Nesmotrya na to, chto obzor napisan dlya fizikov, nikakih slozhnyh formul tam net. Poetomu stat'yu mozhno rekomendovat' vsem, kto sledit za razvitiem nauki o Vselennoi.

    astro-ph/0306486 Kosmologiya sverhnovyh i postoyannaya tonkoi struktury (Supernova Cosmology and Fine Structure Constant)
    Authors: Takeshi Chiba, Kazunori Kohri
    Comments: 6 stanic, bez risunkov.

    Stat'i na temu ob izmenenii fundamental'nyh konstant so vremenem regulyarno poyavlyayutsya sredi preprintov astro-ph, gr-qc i v nekotoryh drugih razdelah arXiv.org. Chashe drugih v poslednie neskol'ko let obsuzhdaetsya vopros o peremennosti (ili postoyanstve) postoyannoi tonkoi struktury . Etot interes vyzvan poyavleniem novogo metoda obnaruzheniya takoi peremennosti - cherez izmerenie otnosheniya dlin voln dubletov nekotoryh spektral'nyh linii. Etot metod byl predlozhen i vpervye primenen gruppoi astrofizikov iz Sankt-Peterburgskogo Fiziko-Tehnicheskogo Instituta, a zatem poluchil shirokoe rasprostranenie.

    Odnako izmerenie spektrov dalekih kvazarov ne edinstvennyi sposob sledit' za izmeneniem so vremenem. Okazyvaetsya svetimost' sverhnovyh tipa Ia v maksimume umen'shaetsya pri uvelichenii . Planiruemyi seichas kosmicheskii eksperiment SNAP, kotoryi dolzhen obnaruzhit' i izmerit' svetimost' bol'shogo chisla kosmologicheskih sverhnovyh, smozhet opredelit' izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury s tochnost'yu poryadka 10-2. (Pravda po kvazaram postoyanstvo etoi velichiny provereno s tochnost'yu luchshe 10-4:).

    Smotrite takzhe preprint astro-ph/0306483, kotoryi posvyashen izmereniyu peremennosti postoyannoi tonkoi struktury spektral'nym sposobom na desyatimetrovom teleskope Kek.

    miniobzor! astro-ph/0306443 Magnitnye polya v kosmologii (Magnetic fields in cosmology)
    Authors: A.D. Dolgov
    Comments: 14 pages; talk presented at 17th Rencontre de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste on Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics, March 9-15, 2003

    Nebol'shoi obzor po magnitnym polyam na bol'shih masshtabah. Osnovnaya problema v etoi oblasti: otkuda vzyalis' pervichnye magnitnye polya? My znaem, kak mozhno usilit' pole (pridumany raznye dinamo-mehanizmy). No nado, chtoby bylo chto usilivat'. Sobstvenno, stat'ya posvyashena razlichnym mehanizmam generacii pervichnogo polya. Dlya nefizikov chitat' budet neprosto, zato dlya fizikov budet interesno.

    astro-ph/0306431 Statisticheskaya dostovernost' opredeleniya nizshih mul'tipolei reliktovogo fona (The Statistical Significance of the Low CMB Mulitipoles)
    Authors: G. Efstathiou (University of Cambridge)
    Comments: 6 pages, Latex, 3 figs, submitted to MNRAS

    Vpervye anizotropiya reliktovogo izlucheniya byla izmerena primerno 10 let nazad v eksperimentah COBE i Relikt. Oba etih eksperimenta provodili nablyudeniya vsego neba, t.e. pozvolili opredelit' samye nizshie mul'tipoli (dipol', kvadrupol' i t.d.). Mnogochislennye posleduyushie eksperimenty provodili izmereniya na nebol'shih uchastkah neba, i nizshie garmoniki byli dlya nih nedostupny. Sleduyushei missiei, kotoraya smogla pomerit' nizshie mul'tipoli, stal luchshii na segodnyashnii den' eksperiment WMAP (my mnogo o nem pisali v poslednie polgoda).

    Neozhidannym rezul'tatom WMAP okazalos' ochen' malaya amplituda neskol'kih samyh nizkih mul'tipolei, t.e. Vselennaya, kotoruyu my vidim, v naibolee krupnyh masshtabah (neskol'ko men'she ili sravnimyh razmerom gorizonta ~1028 sm, no ne prevyshayushih ego!) okazalas' gorazdo odnorodnee, chem my mogli ozhidat'.

    Sleduet zametit', chto naibolee nizkie mul'tipoli, sootvetstvuyushie samym bol'shim uglovym masshtabam na nebe, imeyut naimen'shuyu statisticheskuyu znachimost'. Eto utverzhdenie dostatochno prosto ob'yasnit' - dlya samyh nizkih garmonik na nebe mozhno vydelit' vsego neskol'ko nezavisimyh ploshadok sootvetstvuyushego uglovogo razmera, v etom sluchae fluktuaciya signala v odnoi iz nih mozhet zametno povliyat' na znachenie amplitudy dlya dannogo mul'tipolya v celom.

    Vopros o tom vyhodyat li rezul'taty WMAP za predely dostovernosti sovremennyh modelei ili net - intensivno obsuzhdaetsya v poslednie mesyacy. Dannaya rabota Efstafio - odna iz nih. Ego zaklyuchenie - dlya ob'yasneniya amplitudy nizshih mul'tipolei privlekat' novuyu fiziku ne trebuetsya.

    Teoreticheskie spektry amplitudy anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya i dannye WMAP. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya povedenie treh samyh levyh tochek.

    Odnako ego opponenty s etim ne soglasny - sm., naprimer, rabotu Kesdena i dr. (astro-ph/0306597) v kotoroi oni prihodyat k protivopolozhnym vyvodam.

    Vypusk 47. 16-21 iyunya 2003



    miniobzor! astro-ph/0306402 Novoe o temnoi materii (New Light on Dark Matter)
    Authors: Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Paul J. Steinhardt
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures

    Bezuslovno, luchshie populyarnye stat'i pishutsya krupnymi avtoritetnymi uchenymi, imeyushimi opyt i talant populyarizatorstva. Ostraiker i Shteinhard bezuslovno otnosyatsya k ih chislu. Dannaya stat'ya (bez opoznavatel'nyh znakov) predstavlyaet soboi populyarnyi obzor, posvyashennyi temnoi materii. Avtory nachinayut s samogo nachala, s azov, prodvigayas' postepenno k osnovnoi teme stat'i:"kak po dannym o galaktikah mozhno poluchit' vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah temnoi materii".


    astro-ph/0306304 Zatuhanie tenzornyh mod v kosmologii (Damping of Tensor Modes in Cosmology)
    Authors: Steven Weinberg (Theory Group, Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin)
    Comments: 7pages, Latex, no special macros Report-no: UTTG-02-03

    (Stiven Vainberg - klassik sovremennoi kosmologii. Ego kniga "Gravitaciya i kosmologiya" dolgie gody byla luchshim uchebnikom po kosmologii (ona ochen' horosha i segodnya, no tol'ko v otnoshenii klassicheskih razdelov etoi nauki), a ego broshyura "Pervye tri minuty" byla nauchno-populyarnym bestsellerom.)

    Okruzhayushii nas mir neodnoroden v malyh (po kosmologicheskim merkam) masshtabam. Prichina etogo v tom, chto v dalekom proshlom vo Vselennoi sushestvovali nebol'shie vozmusheniya. (Eti vozmusheniya sushestvovali "vsegda" oni voshodyat k kvantovym fluktuaciyam na moment Bol'shogo vzryva.) Vozmusheniya mogli byt' treh principial'no razlichnyh tipov: plotnosti veshestva (adiabaticheskie), skorostei chastic (vihrevye) i gravitacionnogo potenciala (tenzornye gravitacionnye volny). Po mere rasshireniya Mira vihrevye vozmusheniya ubyvayut bystree vsego i na segodnyashnii den' ne dolzhny davat' skol'-nibud' zametnyh proyavlenii (naprimer v anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya). Nablyudeniya etomu teoreticheskomu utverzhdeniyu ne protivorechat. Adiabaticheskie i tenzornye mody dolzhny prisutstvovat' i segodnya. Soglasno teorii adiabaticheskie mody sushestvuyut na lyubyh uglovyh masshtabah, a gravitacionnye volny (tenzornye mody) tol'ko na dostatochno krupnyh. Otnoshenie vkladov adiabaticheskih i tenzornyh mod na nizkih mul'tipolyah vazhnyi i interesnyi kosmologicheskii parametr.

    V dannoi zametke vyvedena analiticheskaya formuly dlya zatuhaniya tenzornyh mod v mire zapolnennom, svobodnymi neitrino. Poluchen ryad interesnyh sootnoshenii.


    noveishaya istoriya! astro-ph/0306275 Inflyaciya i kosmologicheskie vozmusheniya (Inflation and Cosmological Perturbations)
    Authors: Alan H. Guth
    Comments: 23 pages, 7 figures; to be published in "The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology," eds: G.W. Gibbons, E.P.S. Shellard, and S.J. Rankin

    Vsem sovetuem prochitat' etu stat'yu. Po suti eto otredaktirovannaya stenogramma doklada na konferencii, posvyashennoi 60-letiyu Stivena Hokinga. Stil' izlozheniya zamechatel'nyi: s shutkami i liricheskimi otstupleniyami. Gus, buduchi odnim iz osnovatelei teorii inflyacii, detal'no i interesno rasskazyvaet ob istorii etih sobytii, proishodivshih okolo 20 let nazad. Mozhno neposredstvenno oshutit' mnogie osobennosti raboty "na linii fronta".

    Vtoraya chast' stat'i posvyashena novoi rabote Borde, Vilenkina i Gusa, v kotoroi oni pokazali, chto po krainei mere naibolee prostye modeli inflyacii, buduchi "vechnymi" v budushem, vse-taki trebuyut "nachala" v proshlom.

    Nekotoraya chast' raboty, kak sleduet iz nazvaniya, posvyashena pervichnym vozmusheniyam (eta byla problema pervoi teorii, predlozhennoi Gusom, v dal'neishih rabotah - prezhde vsego stat'yah Linde - eta problema byla reshena). T.o. bolee "prodvinutym" chitatelyam mozhet byt' interesno prochest' svezhuyu original'nuyu rabotu "Cosmological Perturbations in a Big Crunch/Big Bang Space-time", posvyashennuyu probleme kosmologicheskih vozmushenii.


    Vypusk 46. 1-15 iyunya 2003

    astro-ph/0306003 Razdelenie E i B (Separating E from B)
    Authors: Emory F. Bunn
    Comments: 10 pages. To be published in the proceedings of "The Cosmic Microwave Background and its Polarization", New Astronomy Reviews

    Izuchenie sobstvenno temperaturnyh fluktuacii reliktovogo izlucheniya za poslednee desyatiletie prodvinulos' ochen' daleko. Konechno, dal'neishee povyshenie tochnosti takih eksperimentov prineset eshe mnogo interesnogo, no kachestvenno novoi informacii kosmologi ozhidayut ot nablyudenii polyarizacii mikrovolnovogo fona. V raspredelenii polyarizacii po nebu mozhno vydelit' ortogonal'nye mody (E i B). Pervaya iz nih (E) svyazana s nachal'nymi adiabaticheskimi vozmusheniyami plotnosti, a vtoraya (B) - s gravitacionnymi volnami. Odnako, pri provedenii procedury razdeleniya mod mogut vozniknut' slozhnosti. Odna iz nih obsuzhdaetsya v dannoi stat'e: esli raspredelenie polyarizacii izmereno ne na vsem nebe, a tol'ko na kakom-to ego uchastke (eto tipichnaya situaciya dlya bol'shinstva eksperimentov po izmereniyu fluktuacii relikta), to E i B mody ne udaetsya razdelit' "chisto". V etom sluchae bolee slabaya B-moda mozhet okazat'sya ochen' sil'no iskazhennoi.


    Raspredelenie E-mody polyarizacii
    v goryachem pyatne reliktovogo izlucheniya


    astro-ph/0306032 Rezul'taty Arheopsa po reliktovomu izlucheniyu (Archeops' results on the Cosmic Microwave Backgroun)
    Authors: S. Henrot-Versill\'e (on behalf of the Archeops collaboration)
    Comments: 6 pages, Proceeding of the Moriond ElectroWeak 2003 conference

    Korotkoe opisanie osnovnyh rezul'tatov raboty ballonnogo eksperimenta Arheops (Archeops). Stat'ya nachinaetsya s korotkogo vvedeniya, posvyashennogo reliktovomu izlucheniyu. Zatem opisyvaetsya sam eksperiment. Eto ohlazhdaemye geliem pribory, analogichnye tem, chto budut ustanovleny na sputnike Planck. Vtoraya polovina stat'i posvyashena rezul'tatam nablyudenii. Arheops poluchil spektr moshnosti reliktovogo fona ot l poryadka 10 do l poryadka 300. T.e. horosho propisalsya pervyi pik, chto nahoditsya v prekrasnom soglasii s dannymi drugih eksperimentov. Osnovnoi zadachei bylo propisyvanie spektra ot 10 do 100, chtoby svyazat' dannye COBE na malyh l s dannymi mnozhestva nazemnyh i ballonnyh eksperimentov na l bol'she 100.


    astro-ph/0306040 Opredelenie postoyannoi Habbla po vremennoi zaderzhke v gravitacionnyh linzah (The Hubble Constant from Gravitational Lens Time Delays)
    Authors: C.S. Kochanek, P.L. Schechter
    Comments: 21 pages, to appear in Measuring and Modeling the Universe (Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2), ed. W.L. Freedman

    Kak opredelit' postoyannuyu Habbla? Dlya etogo nado razdelit' skorost' s kotoroi dalekaya galaktika udalyaetsya ot nas na rasstoyanie do nee. Skorost' izmeryaetsya prosto i tochno - po krasnomu smesheniyu spektral'nyh linii. Procedura opredeleniya rasstoyaniya gorazdo slozhnee. Klassicheskaya shkala rasstoyanii sostoit iz mnogih chastei - rasstoyaniya do samyh blizkih zvezd, zatem do bolee dalekih i yarkih, potom do samyh yarkih, takih kak cefeidy i Sverhnovye, kotorye mozhno obnaruzhit' v drugih galaktikah. No kazhdyi shag vnosit svoyu pogreshnost', v rezul'tate chego oshibka v rasstoyanii do udalennoi galaktiki mozhet okazat' dostatochno bol'shoi.

    Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie na galaktikah i ih skopleniyah pozvolyaet izmeryat' rasstoyanie do istochnika izlucheniya minuya promezhutochnye shagi. Dlya etogo neobhodimo izmerit' raznicu vremen prihoda signala ot raznyh izobrazhenii istochnika. Dlya etogo, konechno, neobhodimo, chtoby linziruemyi ob'ekt byl peremennym. Ideya podobnyh izmerenii byla predlozhena davno, s momenta otkrytiya pervyh gravlinz interes k nei ne ischezaet. V nastoyashee vremya vremennaya zaderzhka izmerena uzhe dlya 10 gravitacionnyh linz.

    Vremennaya zaderzhka ne edinstvennaya velichina, neobhodimaya dlya polucheniya rasstoyaniya ili postoyannoi Habbla, eshe neobhodimo znat' raspredelenie veshestva v gravitacionnoi linze (ili zadat' kakuyu-to ee model'). Raznica okazyvaetsya dovol'no sil'na - pri izotermicheskom raspredelenii veshestva (kotoroe sootvetstvuet ploskim krivym vrasheniya galaktik) avtory dynnoi stat'i poluchili znachenie postoyannoi Habbla H0=48+/-3 km/c/Mpk, a dlya bolee koncentrirovannyh k centru galaktik s galo iz temnoi materii pri postoyannom otnoshenii massa/svetimost' - znachenie H0=71+/-3 km/c/Mpk. (Oba znacheniya polucheny po odnoi i toi zhe vyborke linz.) Vtoroe iz ukazannyh znachenii H0 sovpadaet s poluchennymi drugimi sposobami, pervoe - sushestvenno nizhe.

    Smotri takzhe stat'yu Kumpansa astro-ph/0306216.


    obzor astro-ph/0306106 Pryamye izmereniya krupnyh slivshihsya galaktik na z < 3 (A Direct Measurement of Major Galaxy Mergers at z < 3)
    Authors: C.J.Conselice, M.A.Bershady, M.Dickinson, C.Papovich
    Comments:42 pages with 17 figures, Accepted to Astron. Journal

    Dolgoe vremya v voprose o hode formirovaniya galaktik drug s drugom konkurirovali dve teorii: teoriya fragmentacii utverzhdala, chto snachala gaz (veshestvo) sobiralos' ochen' krupnye oblaka (iz-za ploskoi formy iz nazvali "blinami"), eti oblaka zatem iz-za gravitacionnoi neustoichivosti raspadalis' na chasti iz kotoryh i obrazovyvalis' galaktiki. Prichem krupnye galaktiki v srednem poyavlyalis' bystree i ran'she, chem melkie. Teoriya ierarhicheskogo skuchivaniya opisyvala protivopolozhnoe napravlenie evolyucii - ot melkih gazovyh oblachkov (kotoryh nablyudayutsya v Laiman-al'fa-lese) - k karlikovym galaktikam, a ot nih - k krupnym massivnym spiralyam.

    Nablyudeniya s Habblovskogo teleskopa nashli podtverzhdenie vtoroi teorii, na krasnyh smesheniyah z~3 ierarhicheskaya "sborka" galaktik iz melkih chastei nablyudaetsya napryamuyu.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0306124 Status poiskov supersimmetrichnoi temnoi materii (Status of the Search for Supersymmetric Dark Matter)
    Authors: David B. Cline
    Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures, invited talk at the SUGRA 20 Meeting, Boston, MA 2003

    Korotkii obzor bez formul, no s mnozhestvom kartinok pro to, kak v laboratoriyah ishut chasticy temnoi materii, kakimi oni mogut byt', i chto takoe, v chastnosti, supersimmetrichnaya temnaya materiya. Zanimatel'noi informacii v stat'e nemnogo. V osnovnom "shershavym yazykom plakata" rasskazyvaetsya o konkretnyh eksperimentah (kak rabotayushih, tak i planiruyushihsya) i ob ih rezul'tatah (rezul'tat, kak izvestno, nulevoi, est' tol'ko verhnie predely. Odnako, deyatel'nost' eta absolyutno neobhodimaya, t.k. poka chasticy temnoi materii "ne poimayut za borodu i ne zasunut v probirku", my ne smozhem byt' okonchatel'no ubezhdeny v pravil'nosti mnogih kosmologicheskih teorii).

    Sm. takzhe sleduyushuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu toi zhe tematike.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0306134 Tekushee sostoyanie i perspektivy pryamoi registracii temnoi materii (Status and Perspectives of Direct Dark Matter Searches)
    Authors: Gabriel Chardin
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures

    Skoree vsego chasticy, sostavlyayushie temnuyu materiyu, budut dostatochno (ili ochen') massivnymi i slabo vzaimodeistvuyushimi s obychnym veshestvom. (S etim utverzhdeniem soglasno bol'shinstvo kosmologov i astrofizikov.) Dlya klassa etih chastic byla dazhe pridumana special'naya abbreviatura, otrazhayushaya ih fenomenologicheskie svoistva, WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles - Slabo Vzaimodeistvuyushie Massivnye Chasticy). Do sih por ne otkrytye supersimmetrichnye partnery obychnyh chastic, kotorym posvyashen dannyi obzor, vpolne podhodyat na eto rol'.

    Takie chasticy mozhno iskat' "kosvennym" obrazom - po reakciyam v kotorye oni vstupayut (dlya kazhdogo tipa WIMPs budut harakterny svoi reakcii) ili "pryamym" metodom - po mehanicheskomu vozdeistviyu etih tyazhelyh chastic na detektor.

    Sravnenie pryamyh i nepryamyh metodov registracii, rezul'taty provodimyh eksperimentov i perspektivy budushih - vot osnovnaya tema obzora.


    miniobzor gr-qc/0306023 Izmenyayushiesya konstanty (Varying Constants)
    Authors: Thibault Damour
    Comments: 15 pages; talk given at the 10th international workshop on "Neutrino Telescopes", 11-14 March 2003 (Venice, Italy)

    V poslednee vremya problema izmeneniya konstant (v pervuyu ochered' postoyannoi tonkoi struktury) privlekaet vse bol'shee vnimanie teoretikov. Svyazano eto, po vsei vidimosti, s nepodtverzhdennym rezul'tatom o nalichii variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury s kosmologicheskim krasnym smesheniem. V dannoi rabote daetsya nebol'shoi obzor teoreticheskih modelei (v osnovnom strunnyh), v kotoryh "postoyannye nepostoyanny". Obsuzhdayutsya planiruemye eksperimenty po proverke etih scenariev.


    lekciya hep-th/0306071 Lekcii po teorii kosmologicheskih vozmushenii (Lectures on the Theory of Cosmological Perturbations)
    Authors: Robert H. Brandenberger (Brown University)
    Comments: 41 pages, 3 figures

    Teoriya kosmologicheskih vozmushenii naibolee tochnyi kolichestvennyi apparat, kotoryi v poslednee vremya vse shire primenyaetsya dlya ocenki razlichnyh kosmologicheskih parametrov i proverki razlichnyh modelei.

    V etoi lekcii dan obzor klassicheskoi (N'yutonovskoi) teorii neustoichivostei, razvitie kosmologicheskih neustoichivostei v OTO, svyaz' s nachal'nymi usloviyami na inflyacionnoi stadii i s kvantovymi vozmusheniyami na subplankovskih masshtabah.


    Vypusk 45. 26-31 maya 2003

    astro-ph/0305562 Kosmologiya sverhu vniz (Cosmology from the Top Down)
    Authors: Stephen Hawking
    Comments: 5 apges, PDF only, Talk presented at Davis Inflation Meeting, 2003 (astro-ph/0304225)

    Korotkii doklad Stivena Hokinga, posvyashennyi raznym podhodam k izucheniyu Vselennoi. Standartnye podhody (inflyaciya, t.n. "pre-big-bang" etc.) Hoking nazyvaet "bottom up" - snizu vverh. Istoriya Vselennoi rassmatrivaetsya ot nekotorogo nachal'nogo sostoyaniya do nashih dnei, i problema svoditsya v zadaniyu takih nachal'nyh uslovii, chtoby poluchit' to, chto my vidim (i chto sushestvovalo by i bez nas). Etomu on protivopostavlyaet podhod "sverhu vniz" ("top down").

    Podhod Hokinga osnovan na utverzhdenii, chto "rozhdenie Vselennoi" (chtoby pod etim ne podrazumevalos') bylo kvantovym sobytiem, a znachit u Vselennoi net odnoi istorii. S nekotoroi veroyatnost'yu (amplitudoi) vse vozmozhno. Poetomu dlya opisaniya evolyucii Vselennoi sleduet ispol'zovat' feinmanovskii integral po traektoriyam (v nekotorom smysle eto tesno svyazano s odnim iz variantov mul'tiversov). T.e. nado brat' sovremennoe sostoyanie i idti nazad, smotret', chto moglo vnosit' vklad v to, chto my vidim. Krome togo, Hoking nadeetsya, chto takoi podhod pozvolit voobshe uiti ot voprosa o nachal'nyh usloviyah, t.k. ih vklad v nablyudaemuyu kartinu budet prosto nesushestvennym.

    Povtorimsya, eto lish' pyatistranichnyi doklad bez formul, bez ssylok i t.d. Ne buduchi neposredstvenno professional'no vovlechennymi v etu deyatel'nost', my zatrudnyaemsya dat' bolee obshirnyi (kriticheskii?) kommentarii. Nadeemsya, chto v nedalekom budushem smozhem napisat' ob etom podrobnee...

    obzor astro-ph/0305528 Inflyaciya i miry bran (Inflation and Braneworlds)
    Authors: James E. Lidsey
    Comments: 24 pages, 2 figures

    Vsego neskol'ko let nazad kosmologi stoyali pered nepriyatnoi dilemmoi - brannye modeli, ochen' prityagatel'nye po celomu ryadu teoreticheskih soobrazhenii, ne pozvolyali vosproizvesti stadiyu inflyacionnogo rasshireniya, neobhodimost' kotoroi vytekala iz nablyudenii. Potom byli naideny modeli v kotoryh inflyaciya voznikaet. Odna iz nih - model' bran Rendall-Sandram tipa II (Randall-Sundrum type II braneworld) - kotoroi i posvyashen dannyi obzor.

    astro-ph/0305498 Za Laiman-al'fa: ogranicheniya i proverki soglasovannosti s pomosh'yu Laiman-beta lesa (Beyond Lyman-alpha: Constraints and Consistency Tests from the Lyman-beta Forest)
    Authors: Mark Dijkstra, Adam Lidz, Lam Hui
    Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Liniya Laiman-beta imeet men'shuyu dlinu volny, chem Laiman-al'fa. A potomu v nablyudaemyh spektrah ona sootvetstvuet ob'ektam na bOl'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Krome togo, iz-za bOl'shego secheniya vzaimodeistviya Laiman-al'fa s bol'shih krasnyh smeshenii prosto "zamyvaetsya", tak chto i s etoi tochki zreniya Laiman-beta daet luchshuyu informaciyu o mezhgalakticheskoi srede na bol'shih z. V stat'e avtory obsuzhdayut, kak mozhno ispol'zovat' etot prostoi fakt dlya polucheniya informacii o raspredelenii veshestva vo Vselennoi. Odnim iz vazhnyh punktov yavlyaetsya nezavisimaya proverka predskazanii, sdelannyh na osnove modelei Laiman-al'fa lesa, po nablyudeniyam Laiman-beta.

    miniobzor astro-ph/0305474 Kosmologiya s Laiman-al'fa lesom (Cosmology with the Ly-a forest)
    Authors: Martin White
    Comments: 4 pages, Talk presented at Davis Inflation Meeting, 2003

    S odnoi storony, Laiman-al'fa les - moshneishii isnstrument sovremennoi kosmologii. S drugoi - pro nego malo znaet shirokaya publika. Eto dosadno, tem bolee, chto ideya-to ochen' prostaya. Izuchaya spektry dalekih galaktik i kvazarov, my vidim mnozhestvo spektral'nyh linii, neprinadlezhashih dannomu vnegalakticheskomu ob'ekty, a nabrannye "po doroge". Luch sveta "prosvechivaet" Vselennuyu na svoem puti, i kazhdaya galaktika, oblako vodoroda i t.d. ostavlyaet svoi sled v spektre. Osobenno chetko vidny linii Laiman-al'fa. Eto moshnaya vodorodnaya liniya. Vodoroda mnogo, a potomu imenno etot "otpechatok" okazyvaetsya naibolee zametnym. T.o., poluchiv odin horoshii spektr dalekogo ob'ekta, vy poluchaete informaciyu o raspredelenii veshestva na luche zreniya (konechno zhe, mozhno opredelit' krasnoe smeshenie kazhdoi "poputnoi" linii v spektre).

    V etoi korotkoi zametke avtor obsuzhdaet dva vozmozhnyh primeneniya Laiman-al'fa lesa v kosmologii. Pervoe svyazano s povedeniem barionov na krasnyh smesheniya bol'she edinicy. Vtoroe - s ul'trafioletovym fonom, kotoryi svyazan s istochnikami na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.

    Odnako, buduchi samoi sil'noi, Laiman-al'fa ne yavlyaetsya edinstvennoi liniei. O Laiman-beta sm. stat'yu astro-ph/0305498 nizhe.

    Vypusk 44. 17-23 maya 2003

    astro-ph/0305292 Opredelyaya mul'tiversy (Defining Multiverses)
    Authors: G.F.R. Ellis, U. Kirchner, W.R. Stoeger
    Comments: 28 pages, 2 figures

    O razlichnyh variantah "parallel'nyh" vselennyh seichas pishut dovol'no mnogo. Odnako, bezuslovno, tema eta bolee chem polufilosofskaya - nikakih nablyudenii po suti dela net. No nado kak-to pytat'sya dvigat'sya vpered, chto i delayut avtory. Oni pytayutsya nachat' s opredelenii (po vozmozhnosti na matematicheskom yazyke), kotorye pozvolili by rassuzhdat' o mul'tiversah (i voobshe ob ansamblyah vselennyh) ne k terminah filosofskih kategorii. Hotya, konechno, ne izbegayut oni i filosofskih diskussii.

    Na nastoyashii moment naibolee prorabotannym i chastichno podtverzhdennym nablyudeniyami scenariem yavlyaetsya haoticheskaya inflyaciya, predlozhennaya Andreem Linde, i razvivaemaya im i drugimi kosmologami. Imenno eti raboty i posluzhili otpravnoi tochkoi dlya avtorom stat'i. Pereskazyvat' etu rabotu tyazhelo, potomu sovetuem prochest'.


    astro-ph/0305310 Temnaya materiya v shahte Boulbi (Dark Matter at Boulby Mine)
    Authors: R. Luscher (for the Boulby Dark Matter Collaboration)
    Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures

    Na proshloi nedele my pisali o Dzhone Bartone, fizike-eksperimentatore, mnogo rabotavshem na razlichnyh podzemnyh ustanovkah. Odin iz poslednih proektov, s kotorym on byl svyazan - eto eksperiment po poisku chastic temnoi materii (WIMPs) v glubokoi shahte Boulbi (Boulby).

    Vozmozhno, chto zagadka temnoi materii yavlyaetsya seichas naibolee vazhnoi (iz chetko postavlennyh) v astrofizike, da i voobshe v estestvennyh naukah (isklyuchaya, vozmozhno fundamental'nye problemy v biologii). Nikakogo somneniya v sushestvovanii temnoi materii po suti dela net, no chto za chasticy ee sostavlyayut neyasno. A potomu ochen' hochetsya poimat' za borodu i posadit' v probirku neskol'ko ekzemplyarov. V svyazi s etim v mire vedetsya dovol'no mnogo podzemnyh eksperimentov raznogo razmera i stoimosti, na raznom oborudovanii, po raznym metodikam, osnovnym ili pobochnym produktom kotoryh yavlyaetsya registraciya slabovzaimodeistvuyushih chastic.

    V Boulbi vedetsya dva eksperimenta. Pervyi osnovan na scincilyaciyah v zhidkom ksenone. Seichas gotovyatsya k zapusku novyh versii etogo eksperimenta. Vtoroi soderzhit kubometr CS2 pri nizkom davlenii. Ideya sostoit v nablyudenii sutochnyh (zvezdnye sutki) variacii napravlenii otdachi pri rasseyanii chastic na yadrah (nuclear recoil).

    Poka, kak i v drugih eksperimentah, polucheny tol'ko verhnie predely. No, mozhet byt', odnazhdy ...


    astro-ph/0305353 Poisk dlinnyh komicheskih strun po effektam gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (Searching for a Long Cosmic String Through the Gravitational Lensing Effect)
    Authors: Y.Shirasaki et al.
    Comments: Submitted to 28th ICRC (Tsukuba, Japan), 4 pages, 3 figures

    Po mere ohlazhdeniya Vselennoi na ochen' rannih etapah ee evolyucii (pri energiyah vblizi 1022 eV) nekotorye skalyarnye polya pri fazovyh perehodah mogut obrazovyvat' ochen' neobychnye konstrukcii - tak nazyvaemye topologicheskie defekty - dvumernye "domennye stenki", lineinye "kosmicheskie struny" i tochechnye "monopoli" (ne putat' s magnitnymi monopolyami). Poperechnye razmery etih ob'ektov chrezvychaino maly. Dlya astrofiziki naibolee interesnymi iz nih yavlyayutsya kosmicheskie struny.

    Odnim iz naibolee naglyadnyh i legko obnaruzhimyh proyavlenii kosmicheskih strun yavlyaetsya gravitacionnoe linzirovanie. Ono ochen' sil'no otlichaetsya ot linzirovaniya na kompaktnyh ob'ektah (zvezdah, galaktikah i skopleniyah). Pri linzirovanii na komicheskih strunah voznikayut dva raspolozhennyh ryadom izobrazheniya linziruemogo ob'ekta bez kakih-libo zametnyh iskazhenii formy.


    Ob'ekt SLC1
    (astro-ph/0302547)
    Do sih por issledovanie kosmicheskih strun bylo libo chisto teoreticheskim, libo kosvennym (naprimer, ih vklad v anizotropiyu reliktovogo izlucheniya). No nedavno poyavilsya pervyi kandidat v ob'ekty linzirovannye kosmicheskimi strunami - ob'ekt SLC-1 - posmotrite na ego izobrazhenie sprava.

    Konechno, srazu vozros interes k poisku takih ob'ektov, i vot pered vami dannaya stat'ya. Kak iskat' linzirovannye ob'ekty? Na kakih krasnyh smesheniyah? Kakimi instrumentami pol'zovat'sya? Vot nekotorye iz voprosov, rassmatrivaemyh v dannoi stat'e.


    Tipichnaya geometriya linzirovaniya
    na kosmicheskoi strune


    astro-ph/0305393 Struktura voidov (The structure of voids)
    Authors: Stefan Gottloeber et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 10 figures (paper with high resolution figure 2 available at http://www.aip.de/People/SGottloeber/papers/void_struc.ps.gz (8.5 Mb)), MNRAS

    Kak izvestno Vselennaya na bol'shih masshtabah sostoit iz volokon i pustot (voidov). Eto dostatochno horosho vidno po raspredeleniyu galaktik i ih skoplenii, t.e. "svetyashegosya veshestva". Razmery voidov sostavlyayut poryadka 20-30 Mpk. Chto nahoditsya v nih? Dlya razresheniya etogo voprosa nuzhno primenyat' chislennoe modelirovanie (sm. takzhe "goryachuyu temu" proshloi nedeli).

    Avtory stroyat komp'yuternuyu model' voida metodom mnogi tel (N-body). Okazyvaetsya (sm. risunok), chto void pohozh na "Vselennuyu v miniatyure". Tam temnaya materiya raspredelena opyat' taki v vide struktury s voloknami i voidami! Raznica tol'ko v tom, chto vse massy (massy galo temnoi materii) na chetyre poryadka men'she. Sobstvenno, poetomu-to my i ne vidim tam galaktik.


    hep-th/0305181 Proverka sushestvovaniya Mira Bran s pomosh'yu dvoinogo pul'sara (Testing braneworlds with the binary pulsar)
    Authors: Ruth Durrer and Philippe Kocian
    Comments: 4 pages no figures

    Segodnya u fizikov-teoretikov bol'shoi interes vyzyvayut teorii v kotoryh nashe prostranstvo-vremya imeet chislo razmernostei bol'shee chetyreh. Dlya vvedeniya dopolnitel'nyh izmerenii est' celyi ryad teoreticheskih predposylok. Odna iz takih teorii predpolagaet, chto sushestvuet tol'ko odno dopolnitel'noe zamknutoe izmerenie. V takoi modeli nash Mir raspolozhen na 4-mernoi giperpoverhnosti (brane), prichem vse obychnye chasticy i vzaimodeistviya privyazany k brane i tol'ko gravitaciya rasprostranyaetsya vo vsem prostranstve. [Skoree vsego dannaya teoriya ne imeet otnosheniya k fizicheskoi real'nosti, no iz-za nalichiya tol'ko odnogo dopolnitel'nogo izmereniya ee ochen' udobno issledovat'.]

    Avtory dannoi stat'i rassmotreli vopros izlucheniya gravitacionnyh voln dvoinoi sistemoi v brannoi modeli. V nei takzhe udaetsya poluchit' kvadrupol'nuyu formulu, podobnuyu vyvedennoi Einshteinom dlya OTO, no iz-za nalichiya v 5-mernom mire dopolnitel'noi stepeni svobody v etoi formule voznikayut nekotorye izmeneniya. Razlichiya v izluchaemom potoke gravitacionnyh voln okazyvayutsya zametnymi i, dlya naibolee horosho izuchennogo dvoinogo pul'sara PSR 1913+16, sostavlyayut okolo 20%. Potok gravitacionnogo izlucheniya ot dannogo pul'sara (po evolyucii ego orbity) izmeren segodnya s tochnost'yu primerno 0.5%, t.e. nablyudeniya dvoinogo pul'sara pozvolyayut zakryt' celyi klass teorii.


    gr-qc/0305069 Nachal'nye usloviya dlya Vselennoi (Initial Conditions for a Universe)
    Authors: Martin Bojowald
    Comments: 7 pages, this essay was awarded First Prize in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Contest 2003

    Kak yasno iz zaglaviya, rech' idet o nachal'nyh usloviyah dlya Vselennoi. Esli rassmatrivat' klassicheskuyu kosmologiyu, to nalichie singulyarnosti stavit nepreodolimye prepyatstviya na puti postanovki "nastoyashih" nachal'nyh usloviya (a ne uslovii, sootvetstvuyushih nekotoromu momentu vremeni t posle "nachala"). Odnoi iz pervyh ser'eznyh popytok reshit' etu problemu bylo uravnenie Uillera-DeVitta, kotoroe yavlyaetsya dinamicheskim zakonom dlya volnovoi funkcii Vselennoi (v nekotorom smysle eto rasshirenie uravneniya Fridmana).

    V etoi zhe rabote Martin Bodzhovald ispol'zuet bolee sovremennyi podhod. osnovannyi na petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii. Ideya sostoit v diskretnosti prostranstva, chto privodit ne k differencial'nomu, a k raznostnomu uravneniyu, opisyvayushemu povedenie volnovoi funkcii vblizi "nachala" ("nachalo" sootvetstvuet n=0). Dlya bol'shih n uravnenie perehodit v uravnenie Uillera-DeVitta. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto problema singulyarnosti ischezaet pri takom podhode. Sootvetstvenno demonstriruetsya svyaz' mezhdu dinamicheskim zakonom rasshireniya Vselennoi, nachal'nymi usloviyami, diskretnost'yu prostranstva i problemoi singulyarnosti. Konechno zhe, eto ne okonchatel'nyi otvet. Eto nekotoroe interesnoe "teoreticheskoe nablyudenie". Odnako, razobrat'sya v etom ves'ma i ves'ma interesno.

    gr-qc/0305081 Ob entropii vakuuma i kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (On the vacuum entropy and the cosmological constant)
    Authors: Saulo Carneiro
    Comments: 6 pages, This essay received an "honorable mention" in the 2003 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation

    Odna iz vazhnyh problem, svyazyvayushih kosmologiyu s fizikoi chastic - problema velichiny kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Udivitel'noe delo: ona malen'kaya, no ne nulevaya.

    Avtor esse privodit interesnoe nablyudenie, svyazyvayushee kosmologicheskuyu postoyannuyu s entropiei Vselennoi. Ideya sostoit v ispol'zovanii golograficheskogo principa.

    Rasschitaem entropiyu Vselennoi. Chto u nas est'? Veshestvo. Ego malo - 1080 barinov. Fotonov v milliard raz bol'she. No i etogo malo. Eshe chto-to dobavlyayut reliktovye neitrino, temnoe veshestvo. Tem ne menee, iz "obychnyh predmetov" osnovnoi vklad vnosyat sverhmassivnye chernye dyry - 10101. Sverhmassivnye vazhnee, t.k. entropiya chernoi dyry proporcional'na ploshadi gorizonta, a radius - masse. I vse ravno, etogo malo. Chto u nas eshe ostalos' - kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya. Posmotrim na entropiyu vakuuma, i sravnim ee potom s golograficheskim predelom. Pri raschete entropii vakuuma my stalkivaemsya s problemoi - ona beskonechna, esli my uchityvaem vse nulevye fluktuacii (zero-point fluctuations). Poetomu trebuetsya vvesti t.n. ul'trafioletovoe obrezanie na kakom-to masshtabe dlin (ili, chto to zhe samoe, mass). Voz'mem masshtab kvantovoi hromodinamiki (QCD). Okazyvaetsya, chto poluchennaya entropiya prekrasno soglasuetsya s golograficheskim predelom. Da eshe poputno my poluchaem prostoe uravnenie, pridumannoe 35 let nazad Ya.B. Zel'dovichem, kotorye, pravda, ispol'zoval drugoi masshtab (nu tak i delo-to davno proishodilo).

    T.o. avtor demonstriruet interesnuyu svyaz' mezhdu entropiei vakuuma, golograficheskim principom i velichinoi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Opyat' zhe, kak i v kommentarii k pervomu esse, podcherknem, chto eto imenno "interesnoe nablyudenie". Sovershenno neyasno, kakaya fizika za etim lezhit. No bez takih nablyudenii etogo nikogda ne ponyat'.


    Vypusk 43. 12-16 maya 2003

    astro-ph/0305254 Vid spektra moshnosti reliktovogo izlucheniya (The shape of the CMB power spectrum)
    Authors: C. J. Odman
    Comments: 7 pages, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews, Proceedings of the CMBNET Meeting, 20-21 February 2003, Oxford, UK

    Uglovoi spektr moshnosti reliktovogo izlucheniya daet massu informacii ob ochen' rannei Vselennoi (vplot' do inflyacii). Ochen' vazhno ponyat', kak otlichayutsya dannye raznyh eksperimentov. Dlya etogo mozhno ispol'zovat' takuyu proceduru: vzyat' i profitirovat' dannye vmeste i po otdel'nosti kakoi-to ponyatnoi model'yu, naprimer, naborom gaussian. Imenno eto i prodelyvayut Carolina Odman i ee soavtory dlya dannyh WMAP i eshe semi eksperimentov.

    Net somnenii, chto vse eksperimenty vidyat po-krainei mere tri pika. Otnositel'naya vysota vtorogo i tret'ego pika opredelyaetsya ne ochen' horosho. Yasno, chto mezhdu WMAP i Planck budet mnogo nazemnyh i balonnyh eksperimentov, a potomu issledovaniya, pozvolyayushie vyyavit' sistematiku v etih dannyh predstavlyayut bol'shoi interes.


    astro-ph/0305224 Nelineinoe gravitacionnoe skuchivanie v kosmologiyah so skalyarnymi polyami (Non-linear gravitational clustering in scalar field cosmologies)
    Authors: S. Matarrese, M. Pietroni, C. Schimd
    Comments: 6 pages

    Soglasno sovremennoi kartine seichas v nashei vselennoi dominiruet temnaya energiya. Odnako, ee priroda neizvestna. Avtory rassmatrivayut razlichnye modeli t.n. "kvintessencii" v prilozhenii k formirovaniyu krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Vazhnyi moment: temnaya energiya v principe mozhet "svyazyvat'sya" s veshestvom ne tol'ko gravitacionno. Po-krainei mere sushestvuyushie predely (osobenno dlya temnogo veshestva, priroda kotorogo tozhe neizvestna) ne ochen' strogie. Avtory kak raz rassmatrivayut takuyu ekzotiku, kak sushestvennoe "svyazyvanie" (t.e. vzaimodeistvie) temnoi energii i temnogo veshestva. T.o. massy chastic temnogo veshestva okazyvayutsya zavisimymi ot skalyarnogo polya (temnoi energii). Predlozhen termin VAMPS - Varying Mass Particles. Fluktuacii temnoi energii pri nekotoryh dopolnitel'nyh usloviyah mogut igrat' vazhnuyu rol' v formirovanii struktury.

    Skoree vsego, priroda ustroena proshe, no chitat' pro vsyu etu ekzotiku ochen' interesno.

    astro-ph/0305211 Budushaya evolyuciya struktury v uskoryayusheisya vselennoi (Future Evolution of Structure in an Accelerating Universe)
    Authors: Michael T. Busha et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to ApJ

    Seichas Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem. Chto s nei budet v budushem? Kakie struktury sohranyat'sya? Otvet zavisit ot uravneniya sostoyaniya temnoi energii. Mogut byt' dostatochno terroristicheski-ekzoticheskie scenarii napodobie "Bol'shogo razryva". M. Busha i dr. rassmatrivayut povedenie struktur (skoplenii i grupp galaktik i t.p.) v sluchae obychnoi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (v dopolnenii takzhe kratko rassmotrena kvintessenciya). Chto poluchaetsya? Naprimer, nasha Mestnaya gruppa "otorvetsya" ot skopleniya galaktik v Deve. No samo skoplenie i sama Mestnaya grupaa ne razletyatsya na melkie kusochki. Sohranyat'sya pary galaktik. Esli v mezhgalakticheskom prostranstve letaet para zvezd, to i ona sohranitsya, esli rasstoyanie mezhdu nimi men'she neskol'kih desyatkov parsek. V obshem, budet ne ochen' strashno! Zvezdnoe nebo, vidimoe glazom izmenitsya tol'ko za schet zvezdnoi evolyucii. Chto my poteryaem, tak eto snimki, podobnye "Glubokomu polyu Habbla". Tak chto lyubuites', poka ne pozdno. Cherez kakie-nibud' 200 milliardov let takogo uzhe ne uvidish'.


    astro-ph/0305203 Funkciya raspredeleniya veroyatnosti dlya sveta vo Vselennoi: rezul'taty gidrodinamicheskogo modelirovaniya (The Probability Distribution Function of Light in the Universe: Results from Hydrodynamic Simulations)
    Authors: Jeremiah P. Ostriker et al.
    Comments:18 pages including 5 figures, submitted to ApJ

    Na masshtabah menee primerno 100 Mpk veshestvo raspredeleno vo Vselennoi neravnomerno: est' t.n. voidy (pustoty) i filamenty (volokna). Vidim my "vidimoe" veshestvo, a osnovnuyu dolyu (po masse) sostavlyaet temnaya materiya. Poetomu perehod ot nablyudaemogo raspredeleniya "sveta" (t.e. vidimyh galaktik, skoplenii i t.d.) k raspredeleniyu massy ne yavlyaetsya trivial'noi zadachei.

    Avtory provodyat gidrodinamicheskoe modelirovanie i akkuratnyi statisticheskii analiz poluchennyh dannyh. Osnovnym rezul'tatom yavlyaetsya uluchsheniya soglasiya s dannymi WMAP (sdelany popravki poryadka 20-30 procentov). Pokazano, chto v voidah (pustotah), zanimayushih primerno 85 procentov ob'ema vselennoi, nahoditsya poryadka 20 procentov massy.

    astro-ph/0305191 Obzor XMM-LSS I. Nauchnye predposylki, struktura i pervye rezul'taty (The XMM-LSS survey I. Scientific motivations, design and first results)
    Authors: M. Pierre et al.
    astro-ph/0305192 Obzor XMM-LSS II. Pervye skopleniya galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah: prorelaksirovavshie i kollapsiruyushie sistemy (The XMM-LSS Survey II. First high redshift galaxy clusters: relaxed and collapsing systems)
    Authors: I. Valtchanov et al.
    Comments: Submitted to A&A

    XMM-LSS - eto obzor krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (LSS), provedennyi na sputnike XMM-N'yuton. Kak izvestno, krupnomasshtabnaya struktura horosho propisyvaetsya skopleniyami galaktik, a oni, v svoyu ochered', yavlyayutsya istochnikami rentgenovskogo izlucheniya (svetit v osnovnom goryachii gaz).

    Tradicionno takim bol'shim proektam posvyasheno neskol'ko statei, v kotoryh posledovatel'no rassmatrivayutsya nauchnye celi i struktura proekta, osnovnye sobstvennye rezul'taty, korrelyacii s drugimi podobnymi proektami (naprimer, v drugih spektral'nyh diapazonah) i t.d.

    Cel'yu bylo uluchshit' s kolichestvennoi storony dannye, poluchennye ranee sputnikom ROSAT. Obzor pokryvaet 64 kvadratnyh gradusa, chto daet okolo 800 skoplenii do krasnogo smesheniya primerno 1. Pervaya stat'ya soderzhit kak raz osnovnye dannye o proekte i pervyh rezul'tatah.

    Razumeetsya, v hode obzora otkryvayutsya novye skopleniya, kotorye zatem issleduyutsya bolee detal'no. Etomu posvyashena vtoraya stat'ya.

    V stat'yah privoditsya mnogo cvetnyh illyustracii. Posmotret' ih mozhno zdes' i zdes'.


    obzor astro-ph/0305179 Inflyaciya i kosmicheskii mikrovolnovoi fon (Inflation and the Cosmic Microwave Background)
    Authors: Charles H. Lineweaver (School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia)
    Comments: 34 pages, 13 figures. A version with full resolution images is available at http://bat.phys.unsw.edu.au/~charley/download/canberra/canberra.tar.gz

    Zamechatel'nyi obzor osnov inflyacionnoi kosmologii dlya studenta-starshekursnika. (To chto obzor stol' udachnyi - ne udivitel'no - on posluzhil osnovoi [ili naoborot?] dlya serii lekcii na odnoi iz letnih shkol.) Esli vy hotite ponyat', chem inflyacionnaya kosmologiya otlichaetsya ot "obychnoi", kakie svoistva nashei Vselennoi estestvenno vytekayut iz sushestvovaniya inflyacionnoi stadii v ee evolyucii i, nakonec, kak vse eti svoistva proyavlyayutsya v neodnorodnostyah reliktovogo izlucheniya, to etot obzor dlya vas. (Formul mnogo - vse taki segodnya kosmologiya eto razdel fiziki - no vse oni k mestu.)


    Illyustraciya k vozniknoveniyu dopplerovskih pikov v spektre moshnosti uglovyh fluktuacii reliktovogo izlucheniya

    I zakonchu tem, s chego etot obzor nachinaetsya, s epigrafa: "Istoriya kosmologii pokazyvaet, chto kazhdoe pokolenie issledovatelei uvereno, chto im nakonec udalos' otkryt' istinnuyu prirodu Vselennoi".


    Vypusk 42. 1-9 maya 2003

    Kosmologicheskie proekty i obzory

    Poslednie gody imeyut vazhnuyu osobennost': blagodarya razvitiyu tehniki stali vozmozhnymi krupnye obzornye proekty. Mnogie iz nih imeyut svoei cel'yu opredelenie teh ili inyh kosmologicheskih parametrov.

    Na etoi nedele poyavilis' original'nye i obzornye stat'i po neskol'kim takim eksperimentam. Eto Sloanovskii obzor neba (SDSS: astro-ph/0305041), dvuhgradusnyi obzor krasnyh smeshenii (2dfGRS: astro-ph/0305051), komanda po poisku sverhnovyh na bol'shih z (HZT: astro-ph/0305008). V osnovnom v etih stat'yah rech' idet ob opredelenii teh ili inyh kosmologicheskih parametrov. V sluchayah SDSS i 2dfGRS eto v osnovnom svoistva krupnomasshtabnoi struktury, v sluchae HZT - dinamika rasshireniya Vselennoi.

    Eshe odna rabota posvyashena perspektive obnaruzheniya (ili zakrytiya) kosmicheskih strun metodom gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya v epohu massovyh obzorov neba. V principe ideyu kosmicheskih strun pochti bylo pohoronili, no okazalos', chto poka vo Vselennoi est' mesto i takim strannyh obrazovaniyam. Ih aktivno privlekayut dlya ob'yasneniya nekotoryh neponyatnyh yavlenii (naprimer, kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii). Otnositel'no nedavno poyavilas' rabota, gde avtory privodyat lyubopytnyi primer gravitacionnoi linzy. Odnoi iz interpretacii dannogo nablyudeniya yavlyaetsya kosmicheskaya struna. V astro-ph/0305006 rassmatrivayutsya prespektivy obnaruzheniya podobnyh sluchaev linzirovaniya v dannyh sovremennyh i budushih bol'shih obzorov neba.

    astro-ph/0305001 Korrelyaciya kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya s krupnomasshtabnoi strukturoi (A correlation of the cosmic microwave sky with large scale structure)
    Authors: Stephen Boughn and Robert Crittenden
    Comments: 8 pages, 3 postscript figures

    Prostoi i dostatochno neozhidannyi rezul'tat. Avtory sravnili kartu reliktovogo izlucheniya, postroennuyu sputnikom WMAP, s dvumya indikatorami krupnomasshtabnoi struktury - s kartoi rentgenovskogo fona, postroennoi sputnikom HEAO-1 (ne ponyatno pochemu avtory vzyali takie starye dannye - sputnik letal v 1977-79 gg. - a posle etogo bylo sdelano uzhe neskol'ko bolee chuvstvitel'nyh obzorov), i s kolichestvom radiogalaktik, poluchennym po obzoru NVSS. V oboih sluchayah obnaruzhena polozhitel'naya korrelyaciya, v pervom - na urovne 2.5-3\sigma, vo vtorom - na urovne 2-2.5\sigma. Eti korrelyacii obnaruzheny v oboih polushariyah, oni menyayutsya, no ne ischezayut pri udalenii s kart Galaktiki i tochechnyh istochnikov (t.e. korrelyaciya vyzvana ne imi).

    Vyvod: nekotoraya chast' fluktuacii reliktovogo izlucheniya obrazuetsya na malyh krasnyh smesheniyah (z~1). Pervoe predlozhennoe ob'yasnenie - effekt Saksa-Vol'fa - razlichnoe vremya prihoda k nam luchei dvigavshihsya v bolee slabom i bolee sil'nom gravitacionnyh polyah.


    astro-ph/0305008 Kosmologicheskie rezul'taty po sverhnovym na bol'shih z (Cosmological Results from High-z Supernovae)
    Authors: John L. Tonry et al.
    Comments: 50 pages, AAS LateX, 15 figures, 15 tables. Accepted for publication by Astrophysical Journal

    Kak izvestno, vpechatlyayushie rezul'taty po izucheniyu dinamiki rasshireniya Vselennoi byli polucheny prakticheski odnovremenno i nezavisimo dvumya gruppami (HZT-High-Z supernova search Team: Garnavich, Schmidt et al. i Supernova Cosmology Project: Perlmutter et al.). Obe gruppy ispol'zovali sverhnovye tipa Ia v kachestve standartnyh svechei, no metodika vo mnogom otlichalas' (i, estestvenno, ispol'zovalis' raznye sverhnovye). V etoi stat'e predstavleny novye rezul'taty gruppy HZT po sverhnovym na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka 1. Otkryto 8 sverhnovyh na z=0.3-1.2.

    Sobstvenno, podtverzhdeny rannie rezul'taty. Edinstvennym vazhnym punktom yavlyaetsya to, chto pohozhe Bol'shoi razryv nam ne grozit: dannye svidetel'stvuyut v pol'zu temnoi energii s parametrom uravneniya sostoyaniya vblizi -1.

    Nespecialistam sovetuem prochest' hotya by vvedenie.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0305037 Nekotorye razmyshleniya o kvantovoi teorii v prostranstve de Sittera (Some Thoughts on the Quantum Theory of de Sitter Space)
    Authors: T. Banks
    Comments: Talk presented at Davis Inflation Meeting, 2003 {astro-ph/0304225}

    Kratkoe izlozhenie dvuh lekcii po povodu dovol'no populyarnoi v sovremennoi teorfizike analogii mezhdu prostranstvom de Sittera i konformnoi teoriei polya (AdS/CFT, obzor sm. zdes'. Voobshe hep-th vydaet okolo 300 ssylok na "AdS/CFT", i eto vsego za neskol'ko let!). Po-russki ob AdS/CFT sm. razdel 5 v obzore Marshakova v UFN (2002 sentyabr'). Privedem nebol'shoi otryvok ottuda:
    "... odni i te zhe effekty mozhno sformulirovat' kak na yazyke otkrytyh strun, ili teorii Yanga-Millsa, tak i na yazyke teorii zamknutyh strun, ili gravitacii. V dannom razdele my popytaemsya obsudit' nekotorye sledstviya etoi dual'nosti, obychno ob'edinyaemye na sovremennom zhargone terminom "AdS/KTP-sootvetstvie". Shiroko izvestnyi chastnyi sluchai etogo yavleniya - dual'nost' mezhdu N=4 supersimmetrichnoi chetyrehmernoi konformnoi teoriei Yanga-Millsa (konformnoi teoriei polya - KTP) i gravitaciei v pyatimernom prostranstve anti-de Sittera (AdS). Naibolee interesnym fizicheskim effektom, kotoryi mozhno popytat'sya ponyat' glubzhe v ramkah AdS/KPT-sootvetstviya, yavlyaetsya predlozhennaya Polyakovym parallel' mezhdu dvumya samymi vazhnymi problemami v sovremennoi teoreticheskoi fizike - konfainmentom ili uderzhaniem kvarkov v neabelevoi kalibrovochnoi teorii i nevyletaniem materii za gorizont chernoi dyry."


    lekcii astro-ph/0305038 Fizika chastic i kosmologiya (Particle Physics and Cosmology)
    Authors: John Ellis
    Comments: 58 pages, 23 figures, Lectures at the Australian National University Summer School on the New Cosmology, January 2003

    Dzhonu Ellisu prinadlezhit velikoe mnozhestvo lekcii, dokladov i obzorov s takim nazvaniem. Tak chto ruka u nego nabita.
    Zdes' sobrano pyat' lekcii. Pervaya posvyashena vvedeniyu, tam razbirayutsya osnovy kosmologii Bol'shogo vzryva i rassmatrivaetsya Standartnaya model' v fizike chastic. Vtoraya lekciya posvyashena neitrino. Tret'ya - supersimmetrii. Zatem sleduet inflyaciya, kotoroi otvedena chetvertaya lekciya. Nakonec, poslednyaya lekciya posvyashena fizike za predelami Standartnoi modeli.


    astro-ph/0305051 Kosmologicheskie rezul'taty iz dvuhgradusnogo obzora krasnyh smeshenii galaktik (Cosmological results from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey)
    Authors: Matthew Colless
    Comments: 11 pages, to appear in Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol.2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe, ed. W.L. Freedman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); full-colour, full-resolution version at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/2dFGRS/Public/Publications

    V hode obzora postroena trehmernaya karta raspredeleniya 221 tysyachi galaktik do krasnyh smeshenii 0.3. Na dannom masshtabe eto samaya polnaya karta na segodnyashnii den'. z=0.3 eto uzhe nemalo, a potomu mozhno detal'no izuchat' krupnomasshtabnuyu strukturu Vselennoi.

    V nachale stat'i avtory kratko opisyvayut sam eksperiment. Zatem daetsya izlozhenie rezul'tatov po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture, i nakonec v zaklyuchenie obsuzhdayutsya sovokupnye dannye 2dFGRS i sputnika WMAP. Napomnim, chto kogda komanda WMAP daet tablicu kosmologicheskih parametrov "v epohu posle WMAP", to rech' idet imenno o rezul'tatah sovmestnyh s 2dFGRS, t.k. tol'ko po izmereniyu kosmologicheskogo reliktovgo izlucheniya mnogie parametry mozhno poluchit' lish' s bol'shoi dolei neopredelennosti.

    Dannye 2dFGRS horosho ukladyvayutsya v standartnuyu na segodnyashnii den' kartinu s postoyannoi Habbla poryadka 70 km/s/Mpk, holodnoi temnoi materiei, sostavlyayushei 0.3 ot polnoi plotnosti, i 0.7 ot polnoi plotnosti nahoditsya v temnoi energii. Polnaya plotnost' primerno ravna kriticheskoi (t.e. Vselennaya ploskaya).

    Polucheny takzhe novye dannye po skuchivaniyu galaktik raznyh tipov. Eti rezul'taty eshe budut sravnivat'sya s detal'nym chislennym modelirovaniem obrazovaniya galaktik, ih grupp i skoplenii.


    astro-ph/0305063 Vvodnyi obzor sovremennoi kosmologii (Introductory Overview of Modern Cosmology)
    Authors: Burin Gumjudpai
    Comments: 28 pages, 7 figures. Lecture notes: The Second Tah Poe School on Cosmology "Modern Cosmology" (TPCosmo II), 17-25 April 2003, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand

    Ochen' populyarnoe izlozhenie samyh osnov kosmologii, odnako, soderzhat'sya mnogie vazhnye prostye uravneniya. Avtor ottalkivaetsya ot knigi Garrisona "Kosmologiya" (ssylka na ee vtoroe izdanie stoit v spiske literatury za nomerom 1). Esli otbrosit' nekotorye izlishnie popytki dat' naglyadnuyu interpretaciyu (chto celikom prishlo iz knigi Garrisona), to obzor horoshii. On kak podoidet studentov, vozmozhno, dlya prepodavatelei astronomii. Eto imenno chto "vvodnyi obzor". Potom sleduet obratit'sya k bolee ser'eznym istochnikam. Lishnii raz hotim predpuredit', chto mnogie illyustracii, vklyuchennye dlya naglyadnosti, slegka iskazhayut real'nost' (esli my pravil'no ee sebe predstavlyaem, konechno). Poetomu mnogie slova iz obzora ne stoit vosprinimat' kak dogmu.


    astro-ph/0305071 Opredelenie formy Vselennoi po diskretnym istochnikam (Determining the shape of the Universe using discrete sources)
    Authors: G.I. Gomero
    Comments: 11 pages, no figures

    Dannaya rabota osnovana na vyskazannom eshe v 1997 godu predpolozhenii, chto skopleniya galaktik RXJ 1347.5-1145 i CL 09104+4109 mogut byt' izobrazheniyami skopleniya Coma v sozvezdii Volos Veroniki, porozhdennymi slozhnoi topologiei nashei Vselennoi.

    Poskol'ku prostranstvennaya geometriya nashei Vselennoi blizka k ploskoi (t.e. pochti Evklidova), to sushestvuet tol'ko shest' variantov ee topologii. (Dlya etogo nado vzyat' figuru kotoroi mozhno "bez zazorov" zapolnit' Evklidovo prostranstvo i opredelennym obrazom skleit' ee grani.) Nalichie odnoi troiki izobrazhenii ne pozvolyaet vydrat' kako-libo iz shesti variantov, odnako esli by nashlis' eshe dve troiki ob'ektov, to eto mozhno bylo by sdelat'.

    Eta rabota pereklikaetsya s korotkoi zametkoi "Ohota za prizrakami" i preprintom astro-ph/0304290.


    obzor gr-qc/0305019 Izbrannye voprosy fiziki na plankovskom masshtabe (Selected topics in Planck-scale physics)
    Authors: Y. Jack Ng
    Comments: 30 pages, 1 figure; invited Brief Review to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A

    Ochen' horoshii i ponyatnyi obzor. Avtor detal'no rassmatrivaet kak teoriyu, tak i nablyudeniya. Rech' idet vse o toi zhe "prostranstvenno-vremennoi pene, sposobah ee opisaniya i popytkah i proektah, svyazannyh s nablyudeniem.

    Stat'ya predstavlyaet prekrasnyi primer opisaniya "fiziki na predele". Avtor akkuratno privodit vse osnovnye formuly. Obsuzhdaet naibolee populyarnye idei. Razbiraet nekotorye astronomicheskie eksperimenty, prizvannye dat' ogranicheniya (ili proverit') nekotorye teorii na plankovskom masshtabe. Rekomenduem prochest', prichem prochest' dva raza! Vse-taki material ne prostoi. I po-krainei mere - prochtite epigraf...


    obzor astro-ph/0305102 Rasstoyaniya po RR Lyrae: teoriya i nablyudeniya (RR Lyrae Distance Scale: Theory and Observations)
    Authors: Giuseppe Bono
    Comments: Invited Review, 21 pages, 7 figures, To be published in "Stellar Candles", ed. W. Gieren & D. Alloin, Lecture Notes in Physics

    Eshe odin obzor po izmereniyu rasstoyanii vo vnegalakticheskoi astronomii po peremennym tipa RR Liry. Upominaem o nem v svyazi s vazhnost' rassmatrivaemogo voprosa i polnotoi obzora.


    astro-ph/0305126 Nuzhny li nam zvezdy, chtoby reionizovat' Vselennuyu na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah? Rannyaya reionizaciya raspadayushimisya tyazhelymi steril'nymi neitrino (Do We Need Stars to Reionize the Universe at High Redshifts? Early Reionization by Decaying Heavy Sterile Neutrinos)
    Authors:Steen H. Hansen, Zolt\'an Haiman
    Comments:5 pages, 1 figure

    Sputnik WMAP dal dostatochno ser'eznye svidetel'stva v pol'zu dostatochno rannei reionizacii Vselennoi (na krasnyh smesheniyah bol'she 10). Standartnyi scenarii vklyuchaet v sebya reionizaciyu izlucheniem pervyh zvezd i kvazarov. No, konechno zhe, est' i al'ternativy. V dannoi stat'e avtory razbirayut dostatochno populyarnyi scenarii, gde reionizaciya proishodit iz-za vydeleniya energii pri raspade tyazhelyh chastic. Konkretno - rech' idet o massinyh steril'nyh neitrino.

    Predlagaetsya dvuhstadiinaya ionizaciya. Na pervom etape rabotayut neitrino, i tol'ko potom, na bolee skromnyh z podklyuchayutsya pervye zvezdy.

    Osnovnaya problema zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto nikto takih neitrino poka ne videl. No, kak govoritsya, esli est' vozmozhnost' - nado ee izuchit'.


    obzor astro-ph/0305131 Pervichnye magnitnye polya posle kosmologicheskih fazovyh perehodov (Primordial magnetic fields from cosmological phase transitions)
    Authors: D. Boyanovsky, H. J. de Vega, M. Simionato
    Comments:LaTex, 36 pages, 3 .eps figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 9th. International School of Astrophysics aniel Chalonge', N. Sanchez and Y. N. Parijskij Editors, NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Publ

    Odnoi iz vazhnyh (vazhneishih) problem v astrofizike yavlyaetsya proishozhdenie pervichnyh magnitnyh polei. Sushestvuet neskol'ko podhodov k ee resheniyu. Odin iz nih ispol'zuyut avtory dannoi raboty - eto generaciya polya za schet fazovyh perehodov na radiacionno-dominirovannoi stadii.

    Stat'ya slozhnaya nesmotrya na bol'shoi ob'em (i, sledovatel'no, podrobnye raz'yasneniya). Eto lekcii, prochitannye na shkole Daniel Chalonge. Uroven' rasschitan na dostatochno sil'nyh aspirantov, rabotayushih v blizkih oblastyah.


    Vypusk 41. 25-30 aprelya 2003

    lekciya hep-ph/0304257 Vvodnyi obzor po kosmicheskoi inflyacii (Introductory review of cosmic inflation)
    Authors: Shinji Tsujikawa
    Comments: 25 pages, 5 eps figures, lecture notes given at The Second Tah Poe School on Cosmology "Modern Cosmology", Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, April 17 -25, 2003
    miniobzor hep-ph/0304264 Inflyaciya, krupnomasshtabnaya struktura i fizika chastic (Inflation, Large Scale Structure and Particle Physics)
    Authors: S. F. King
    Comments: Invited talk at 9th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 03), Mumbai (Bombay) India, 3-8 Jan 2003. 12 pages, 8 figs, style files included

    Zavershaem my nash pervomaiskii vypusk dvumya obzorami, posvyashennymi inflyacionnoi kosmologii. Pozhalui vmeste eti dve raboty dayut dostatochno polnoe predstavlenie o sovremennoi teorii inflyacii (hotya po-prezhnemu, luchshei prostoi obzornoi stat'ei yavlyaetsya, na nash vzglyad, rabota hep-th/0107176). Chitat' eti dve raboty mozhno v lyubom poryadke, hotya vvedenie vo vtoroi nemnogo bolee populyarnoe. Nam ostaetsya prisoedinit'sya k nadezhdam avtorov, chto cherez neskol'ko let (posle polucheniya dannyh so sputnika Plank i drugih eksperimentov) teoriya inflyacii poluchit eshe bolee vesomuyu nablyudatel'nuyu podderzhku.


    hep-ph/0304260 Zerkal'naya temnaya materiya i krupnomasshtabnaya struktura (Mirror dark matter and large scale structure)
    Authors: A. Yu. Ignatiev, R. R. Volkas
    Comments: 17 pages, 4 figures

    Odna iz samyh bol'shih zagadok v astronomii - priroda temnoi materii. Vydvinuto mnozhestvo gipotez. Odna iz nih - zerkal'naya temnaya materiya. Svoe nazvanie ona poluchila po prichine togo, chto chasticy, ee sostavlyayushie, yavlyayutsya t.n. zerkal'nymi partnerami obychnyh chastic. T.e. oni voznikayut (v teorii) pri vvedenii osobogo vida simmetrii. Takie chasticy ochen' pohozhi na nashi obychnye, no vzaimodeistvuyut s nimi (t.e. "s nami") tol'ko gravitacionno.

    Gipoteza horosha. No my "slishkom mnogo znaem". Nado proveryat' mnozhestvo raznyh sledstvii gipotezy. Odno iz nih vot kakogo svoistva. Obrazovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury samym neposredstvennym obrazom svyazano s temnoi materiei. I razumeetsya, raznye vidy temnoi materii "skuchivayutsya" po-raznomu. Mozhno li podobrat' takie realistichnye parametry zerkal'nyh chastic, chtoby vosproizvesti nablyudaemuyu krupnomasshtabnuyu strukturu? V etoi rabote avtory rassmatrivayut dannyi vopros.

    Avtory rassmotreli detal'no tol'ko lineinyi rezhim rosta vozmushenii. Na etom etape vse poluchaetsya neploho: razvitie struktury ochen' pohozhe na povedenie obychnoi holodnoi temnoi materii. Chto budet na nelineinom rezhime (kogda sobstvenno nachinayut formirovat'sya galaktiki, zvezdy i t.d.) - ne yasno. Vazhno, chto delo idet. Rassmatrivayutsya sushestvennye detali scenariya. Mozhet my i pravda zhivem vo Vselennoi, sostoyashei v osnovnom iz zerkal'nogo veshestva?


    astro-ph/0304536 Antropnye predskazaniya dlya mass neitrino (Anthropic predictions for neutrino masses)
    Authors: Max Tegmark, Alexander Vilenkin
    Comments: 4 pages. Color figs and links at http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~max/anthroneutrino.html

    Antropnyi princip (v slaboi formulirovke) seichas ochen' populyaren. Grubo govorya, sut' ego svoditsya k tomu, chto esli by Vselennaya byla drugoi, to nas by tut ne bylo. Sovremennye teorii dopuskayut sushestvovanie mnozhestva mirov s raznymi fundamental'nymi postoyannymi. Poetomu nashe sushestvovanie imenno v takoi Vselennoi ne vyglyadit neveroyatnym. V etoi stat'e avtory primenyayut antropnyi podhod k ob'yasneniyu mass neitrino, tochnee k ob'yasneniyu vklada neitrino v polnuyu massu Vselennoi.

    Argument (bez detalei) vyglyadit tak. Neitrino sostavlyayut t.n. goryachuyu temnuyu materiyu. Esli ee dolya (po masse) velika, to galaktiki formiruyutsya medlennee, i voobshe ih poluchaetsya men'she. Men'she galaktik- men'she nablyudatelei. Znachit, veroyatnost' rodit'sya vo Vselennoi s bol'shoi massoi neitrino (i sootvetstvenno bol'shoi dolei goryachei temnoi materii) mala. Uvidet' zhe massu neitrino sovsem vblizi nulya maloveroyatno prosto potomu chto, kak govoryat, mal ob'em dannoi oblasti parametrov. Poetomu naibolee veroyatno uvidet' Vselennuyu s massoi neitrino blizkoi k predelu, kogda goryachaya temnaya materiya nachinaet sushestvenno podavlyat' formirovanie galaktik. Chto i trebovalos' dokazat'.

    Vypusk 40. 20-25 aprelya 2003

    obzor astro-ph/0304427 Vnegalakticheskaya shkala rasstoyanii (The Extragalactic Distance Scale)
    Authors: Joseph B. Jensen et al.
    Comments: 18 pages, 1 figure

    Za poslednie 10 let tochnost' izmereniya "dalekih" rasstoyanii vo Vselennoi sushestvenno vozrosla. Naprimer, postoyannuyu Habbla (H0) my segodnya izmeryaem s tochnost'yu 10%. Osnovnoi prichinoi takogo rosta tochnosti stalo obnaruzhenie dostatochno bol'shogo chisla Cefeid (ochen' yarkih pul'siruyushih peremennyh zvezd, period pul'sacii i svetimost' kotoryh svyazany strogoi zavisimost'yu) v sosednih galaktikah. Po etim zhe zvezdam udalos' otkalibrovat' vtorichnye indikatory rasstoyanii, ispol'zuemye na bOl'shih rasstoyaniyah, chto takzhe uluchshilo tochnost' izmerenii. Rost tochnosti privel k tomu, chto teper' nam udaetsya obnaruzhivat' neodnorodnosti v lokal'nom Habblovskom potoke i otkloneniya ot lineinoi zavisimosti skorost'-rasstoyanie na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (tak bylo otkryto, chto nasha Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya uskorenno). Interesno, kakaya tochnost' budet dostignuta i kakie effekty obnaruzhatsya eshe let cherez desyat'?


    astro-ph/0304392 Obzor glubokogo severnogo polya Chandry: katalog tochechnyh istochnikov (The Chandra Deep Field-North Survey. XIII. 2 Ms Point-Source Catalogs)
    Authors: D.M. Alexander et al.
    Comments:AJ in press (August 2003), 54 pages, 25 figures, 16 tables, includes emulateapj5.sty. Version with full-resolution embedded figures (38 pages) is available from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/hdf/hdf-chandra.html Source lists, images, and other products are also available from this www site

    "Glubokoe pole Chandry" - eto kroshechnyi uchastok neba, kotoryi nablyudalsya sputnikom v techenie 2 millionov sekund- eto primerno mesyac! Poetomu tam vidny ochen' slabye istochniki. Ploshadka vybiralas' ne sluchainym obrazom. Eto pole (voobshe ih dva - severnoe i yuzhnoe), raspolozhennoe daleko ot ploskosti Galaktiki (eto umen'shaet pogloshenie, i delaet pole ne stol' "zahlamlennym" galakticheskimi istochnikami). Krome togo, vybrana ta zhe ploshadka, chto nablyudalas' Kosmicheskim teleskopom. Severnaya ploshadka (o kotoroi i idet rech' v stat'e) raspolozhena v sozvezdii Bol'shoi Medvedicy.

    S odnoi storony - stat'ya dovol'no tehnicheskaya- eto katalog. S drugoi - tam mnogo horoshih ob'yasnenii: kak chto delaetsya.


    "Glubokoe pole" Chandry.


    astro-ph/0304388 Ioniziruyushaya effektivnost' Pervyh Zvezd (The Ionizing Efficiency of the First Stars)
    Authors: Aparna Venkatesan, James W. Truran
    Comments: Submitted to ApJLetters; 5 pages, 1 figure

    Nekotoroe vremya nazad, v etom godu byli opublikovany rezul'taty pervogo goda nablyudenii reliktovogo izlucheniya, provedennyh s borta WMAP. Odnoi iz izmerennyh velichin byla opticheskaya tolsha to tompsonovskomu rasseyaniyu okruzhayushei nas ionizovannoi chasti Vselennoi. Eta tolsha sostavlyaet 0.17+/-0.04, chto bol'she, chem schitalos' ranee. Iz etoi velichiny prakticheski odnoznachno nahoditsya kolichestvo ionizuyushih vodorod ul'trafioletovyh fotonov, kotorye priveli Vselennuyu v nablyudaemoe sostoyanie. Drugoi parametr - nachalo reionizacii (z~15-20) tozhe okazalsya otlichnym ot ozhidaemogo (predpolagalos' z~6).

    Zvezdy Pervogo Pokoleniya (oni zhe zvezdy Populyacii III) schitalis' odnim iz vozmozhnyh istochnikov reionizacii veshestva. Skol'ko zvezd i kakih mass dolzhno bylo rodit'sya v pervoi volne zvezdoobrazovaniya, chtoby ionizovat' veshestvo i odnovremenno obespechit' nablyudaemoe obilie tyazhelyh elementov v Laiman-al'fa oblakah (~0.003 ot Solnechnogo)? Kakaya byla nachal'naya funkciya mass u etih zvezd? Nuzhny li dopolnitel'nye istochniki izlucheniya? Vot osnovnye voprosy rassmatrivaemye v etoi korotkoi stat'e.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0304369 Desyat' glavnyh problem v kosmologii (Ten Major Challenges in Cosmology)
    Authors: Reuven Opher
    Comments: 11 pages, invited talk at Xth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation, Rio de Janeiro, July 29 - Aug. 9, 2002

    Avtor vydelyaet 10 glavnyh, po ego mneniyu, nereshennyh voprosov v sovremennoi kosmologii i daet kratkie obsuzhdeniya kazhdogo iz nih. Perechislim eti problemy:
    Kakova geometriya i topologiya Vselennoi?
    Kakie yarkie standartnye svechi my mozhem ispol'zovat' v kosmologii?
    Kakovo proishozhdenie pervichnyh magnitnyh polei?
    Kakie fizicheskie processy i yavleniya svyazany s magnitnymi polyami v rannei Vselennoi?
    Kakie eshe metody (krome sverhnovyh Ia, reliktovogo izlucheniya, krupnomasshtabnoi struktury i skoplenii galaktik) mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov?
    Sushestvuyut li pervichnye gravitacionnye volny?
    Imeyut li kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii kosmologicheskoe proishozhdenie?
    Kakova priroda temnoi materii i temnoi energii?
    Kogda, gde i kak obrazovalis' pervye ob'ekty vo Vselennoi?
    Zhivem li my v prostranstve s bolee chem 4 izmereniyami?

    Krome obsuzhdeniya etogo spiska avtor privodit vosem' "kolonn", na kotoryh stoit sovremennaya kosmologiya. V obshem stat'ya dovol'no interesnaya, osobenno ona budet polezna dlya prepodavatelei.

    Vypusk 39. 12-18 aprelya 2003

    astro-ph/0304290 Prizraki Mlechnogo puti: poiski topologii v novyh katalogah kvazarov (Ghosts of the Milky Way: a search for topology in new quasar catalogues)
    Authors: S.J. Weatherley et al.
    Comments: MNRAS Letters, Accepted, 5 pages, 3 figures

    Mozhno izmeryat' raznye kosmologicheskie parametry, i mnogie my uzhe dostatochno horosho znaem. No vot kakova topologiya Vselennoi? Bezuslovno, ona ne imeet formu chemodana, odnako...

    V nekotoryh topologiyah mogut voznikat' t.n. "prizraki": svet galaktiki uspevaet oboiti Vselennuyu i vernut'sya s drugoi storony - vy vidite svoi zatylok! Pomnite, kak 'on Tihii poimal signal, otpravlennyi Popovym? U Lema eto proishodilo iz-za dvizheniya bystree sveta, no v nashem sluchae v etom net neobhodimosti. Dvigat'sya voobshe ne nado: signal sam vernetsya. Naprimer, esli Mlechnyi Put' byl kogda-to kvazarom (tochnee skazat', esli v centre nashei Galaktiki byl kvazar), to mozhno iskat' ego izobrazhenii.

    Vse eto proishodit v kompaktnyh mnogosvyaznyh prostranstvah. Vnutri gorizonta mozhet byt' neskol'ko kopii Vselennoi. Ideya dovol'no bezumnaya, no poka nezakrytaya. Iskat' "prizrakov" - pary pohozhih kvazarov v protivopolozhnyh tochkah neba (kvazary vybirayut za ih bol'shuyu svetimost') - pytalis' davno. V dannoi stat'e predstavlena novaya popytka. Obnaruzheno neskol'ko kandidatov, no ih chislo ne prevoshodit statisticheski veroyatnoe chislo podobnyh sluchainyh par kvazarov. Krome togo, neopredelennosti pekulyarnogo dvizheniya nashei Galaktiki sozdayut dopolnitel'nye trudnosti v poiske nuzhnyh par.



    astro-ph/0304250 Habblovskii potok (The Hubble flow: Why does the cosmological expansion preserve its kinematical identity from a few Mpc distance to the observed horizon?)
    Authors: I.D. Karachentsev et al.
    Comments: 20 pages + 7 figures (gif, jpg)

    Stat'ya interesna v dvuh otnosheniyah. Vo-pervyh, ona soderzhit horoshii obzor nablyudatel'nyh dannyh (s poyasneniyami) na temu "kuda my dvizhemsya?" Rassmotreny raznoobraznye dvizheniya, v kotoryh my uchastvuem vmeste s Solncem, Galaktikoi, blizkimi galaktikami i t.d. Vo-vtoryh, obsuzhdaetsya interesnyi fakt. Esli vzyat' populyarnye na segodnyashnii den' dannye, to okazhetsya, chto vakuum dominiruet v dinamike rasshireniya Vselennoi uzhe nachinaya s masshtabov poryadka 2 Mpk ot nas! Poetomu ne udivitel'no, chto Habblovskii potok pleshetsya u samogo nashego poroga (sm. risunok): rasshirenie mozhno prosledit' do dovol'no blizkih galaktik.


    Vypusk 38. 01-11 aprelya 2003

    hep-ph/0304029 Novye predely na bol'shie dopolnitel'nye izmereniya po neitronnym zvezdam i sverhnovym (Supernova and neutron-star limits on large extra dimensions reexamined)
    Authors: S.Hannestad, G.G.Raffelt
    Commets: 10 pages, revtex4 format

    Vvedenie dopolnitel'nyh prostranstvennyh izmerenii, stol' populyarnoe v sovremennoi fizike, estestvenno vliyaet na mnogie processy. V tom chisle i na vzryvy sverhnovyh. Sut' v tom, chto sverhnovaya mozhet izluchat' chast' svoei energii v vide chastic, kotorye mogut zhit' i v drugih izmereniyah - KK-gravitonov (KK-Kaluca-Klein). Nablyudeniya neitrinnogo signala ot SN1987A daet sil'nye ogranicheniya na takoe izluchenie (my znaem polnuyu energiyu vzryva, znaem skol'ko poshlo v neitrino i t.d., znachit, mozhem ogranichit' "nevidimuyu" chast' energopoter').

    Krome togo, dazhe cherez znachitel'noe vremya posle vzryva obrazovavshayasya neitronnaya zvezda dolzhna by izluchat' zhestkie fotony iz-za nahodyashihsya v nei KK-gravitonov. Pribory EGRET ne vidyat takoi osobennosti. Tak chto my opyat' zhe mozhem ogranichit' dopolnitel'nye razmernosti.

    V etoi stat'e avtory bolee detal'no, chem eto bylo sdelano ran'she, rasmmatrivayut podobnye predely v zavisimosti ot chisla i parametrov dopolnitel'nyh izmerenii.



    obzor! astro-ph/0304131 Pervye nelineinye struktury i istoriya reionozacii Vselennoi (The First Nonlinear Structures and the Reionization History of the Universe)
    Authors: Zoltan Haiman
    Commets: 19 pages, 2 figures. Invited review to appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press). Includes Appendix with summary of WMAP implications for reionization

    Kak mne kazhetsya, v "russkoyazychnoi" populyarnoi literature nedostatochno osveshen vopros o sovremennom vzglyade na formirovanie pervyh struktur vo Vselennoi. Prichina dovol'no prosta: populyarnaya literatura sushestvuet na polulyubitel'ksom urovne, i sredi etih polulyubitelei net lyudei, zanimayushihsya etim voprosom (a vot, naprimer, zvezdoobrazovanie, neitronnye zvezdy, dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski kak raz ochen' horosho opisany)

    V poslednie gody poyavlyaetsya bol'shoe kolichestvo novyh dannyh po t.n. "mrachnym vremenam" (dark ages) - epohe formirovaniya pervyh zvezd i galaktik. Eto odna iz samyh goryachih tem. Ob etom i obzor.

    Tam malo formul i mnogo dannyh nablyudenii. Edichnstvennoe, chto mozhet meshat' chteniyu - terminologiya. No tut nichego ne podelaesh'. Tak chto, esli vy hotite zapolnit' probel v svoem obrazovanii - to vot podhodyashii moment.

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