The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Kosmologiya
Authors: Marek Abramowicz et al.
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to Acta Astronomica
Na moi vzglyad, lyubopytnoe prodozhenie diskussii ob interpretacii kosmologicheskogo krasnogo smesheniya, razbeganiya galaktik i tp.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: V.N. Lebedenko et al.
Comments: 12 pages
Samyi novyi iz sushestvuyushih eksperimentov po laboratornomu poisku temnogo veshestva opublikoval pervye verhnie predely.
Britanskii eksperiment ZEPLIN-III idet v podzemnoi laboratorii Bulbi (Boulby) na glubine 1100 metrov. Rabochim telom yavlyaetsya zhidkii ksenon (12 kilogramm).
Razumeetsya, predely budut uluchshat'sya. I, kto znaet, mozhet byt' chto-to i uvidyat.
Authors: Takaya Nozawa et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 7 figures and 1 table. Submitted to the ASP conference proceedings of "Cosmic Dust - Near and Far"
Avtorami obzora prosummirovany poslednie dostizheniya v teoreticheskom izuchenii processov formirovaniya i evolyucii pyli v pervyh sverhnovyh, rassmatrivaemyh kak naibolee veroyatnyh istochnikah pyli v rannei vselennoi. Rassmotreny rezul'taty raschetov formirovaniya pyli v sverhnovyh zvezdah Pop III i evolyucii pyli v ostatkah sverhnovyh. Proanalizirovano, pochemu na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah mezhzvezdnyi gaz harakterizuetsya ploskoi krivoi ekstinkcii.
Authors: Asimina Arvanitaki et al.
Comments: 81 pages, 23 figures, 7 tables
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi tomu, kak astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya mogut proveryat' modeli velikogo ob'edineniya. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno raspadam chastic temnogo veshestva. Raspady mogut proyavlyat'sya kak v razlichnyh vidah izlucheniya (gamma-, potoki chastic kosmichskih luchei, neitrino), tak i po svoemu vozdeistviyu na soderzhanie elementov (v pervuyu ochered', rech' idet o litii). Takzhe avtory kratko obsuzhdayut, kak so vsem etim mogut byt' svyazany budushie rezul'taty s LHC.
Authors: George D. Becker et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
Poisk absorbcionnyh linii ugleroda C IV v spektrah chetyreh naibolee udalennyh kvazarov na z = 6, provedennyi s pomosh'yu teleskopa Keck/NIRSPEC v eshelle-mode, ne uvenchalsya uspehom. Nulevoi rezul'tat mozhet byt' sledstviem krupno-masshtabnyh variacii v obogashenii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na krasnyh smesheniyah 5.3 < z < 6. i potomu nuzhdaetsya v dopolnitel'noi proverke, trebuyutsya dal'neishie nablyudeniya C IV v napravlenii drugih ochen' udalennyh kvazarov. Tem ne menee, poluchennyi rezul'tat pozvolyaet nalozhit' ogranicheniya na naklon i normirovku luchevoi koncentracii trehkratno ionizovannogo ugleroda v intervale 13.0 < log N(C IV) < 15.0 i potomu imeet vazhnye kosmologicheskie prilozheniya.
Authors: Daniel Baumann et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures
Na segodnyashnii den' teoriya inflyacii s odnoi storony yavlyaetsya standartnym elementom kosmologicheskoi kartiny, a s drugoi - net nikakih pryamyh podtverzhdenii togo, chto nash mir proshel cherez stadiyu inflyacii. Po vsei vidimosti, naibolee realistichnye vozmozhnosti "uvidet'" sledy inflyacii svyazany s pervichnymi gravitacionnymi volnami. Vopros ih pryamoi registracii, skoree vsego, delo budushego. No mozhno popytat'sya uvidet' "otpechatok" ih sushestvovaniya v mikrovolnovom fone.
V ramkah proekta "Za Einshteinom" (Beyond Eistein) planiruetsya zapusk sputnika, kotoryi dolzhen budet razglyadet' V-mody polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Ih obnaruzhenie budet (po astrofizicheskim merkam) pryamym ukazaniem na inflyaciyu. Esli zhe ne uvidyat ... Eto eshe ne znachit, chto inflyacionnyi scenarii neveren. Krome togo, v kachestve "pobochnyh rezul'tatov" sputnik dast mnogo dannym, nuzhnym v kosmologii i izuchenii Galaktiki.
Sm. takzhe drugie raboty: v kotoryh razvivaetsya koncepciya CMBPol: arxiv:0811.3915, arxiv:0811.3916, arxiv:0811.3918, arxiv:0811.3919, arxiv:0811.3920.
Authors: David Langlois
Comments: 23 pages
Bol'shoi dostatochno neprostoi obzor po inflyacii, prednaznachennyi v osnovnom dlya teh, kto vladeet apparatom vplot' do tenzorov (vklyuchitel'no) i gotov potratit' nekotoroe vremya na to, chtoby razobrat'sya s formulami. Zato vse ob'yasneno ne na pal'cah, dostatochno polno i strogo, i (v nekotorom smysle) prozrachno. Krome osnov inflyacionnyh modelei rassmotreno, kak generiruyutsya pervichnye vozmusheniya v raznyh scenariyah.
Authors: A. Achucarro, C.J.A.P. MArtins
Comments: 15 pages
Bol'shoi ponyatnyi obzor po kosmicheskim strunam, napisannyi dlya Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. Kosmicheskie struny - eto nechto vpolne estestvennoe s tochki zreniya teoretikov, no pri etom nablyudeniya pok dayut lish' vse bolee i bolee zhestkie predely na ih sushestvovanie. Poetomu obzor v osnovnom teoreticheskii, no vpolne dostupnyi.
Authors: Daniel Baumann, Hiranya V. Peiris
Comments: 18 pages, 12 figures, invite review to appear in Advance Science letters
Ochen' prostoi (dazhe inogda hochetsya skazat' "slishkom prostoi") i dostupnyi obzor po inflyacii.
Authors: Robert W. Wilson, Antony A. Stark
Comments: 17 pages, for publication in @Smithsonian at the Poles@, proceedings of Smithsonian IPY Conference
Na antakrticheskom plato holodno, yasno i suho. Ideal'noe mesto dlya astronomicheskih nablyudenii, osobenno esli govorit' o nazemnyh priborah dlya izucheniya mikrovolnovogo fona. V samom dele, uzhe cht' li ne desyatok eksperimentov byl osushestvlen v etoi oblasti. Eto ne tol'ko pribory, ustanovlennye na zemle, no i balonnye eksperimenty. Avtory summiruyut poluchennye rezul'taty i ispol'zovavshiesya metoda, i rasskazyvayut o novom proekte 10-metrovogo teleskopa - SPT (Soth Pole Telescope), kotoryi budet issledovat' anizotropiyu relikta na masshtabe menee 1 gradusa. Sam teleskop byl ustanovlen chut' bolee goda nazad, no polnaya realizaciya proekta potrebuet vremeni.
Authors: Julio F. Navarro et al.
Comments: Submitted to MNRAS
Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty proekta Aquarius po modelirovaniyu obrazovaniya galaktik. Formirovanie galaktik - eto, v pervuyu ochered', formirovanie galo temnogo veshestva. V predstavlyaemyh modelyah galo sostoit iz bolee chem milliarda chastic, a v nachal'nom modelirovanii uchastvovalo bolee 4 milliardov chastic (prosto ne vse v konce scheta vhodyat v sostav galo). Obnaruzheno nebol'shoe sistematicheskoe otklonenie ot teoreticheskih profilei Navarro, Frenka i Vaita, kotorye aktivno ispol'zuyutsya v raznyh modelyah (vse troe, kstati, vhodyat v chislo avtorov obsuzhdaemoi stat'i).
Authors: F. Iocco, G. Mangano, G. Miele, O. Pisanti, P.D. Serpico
Comments: 147 pages, 69 figures, submitted to Physics Reports
Vse, chto vy hoteli znat' o pervichnom nukleosinteze. Plyus obzor osnov po kosmologii. Napomnyu, chto pervichnyi nukleosintez - eto odna iz chetyreh kolonn, na kotoryh stoit sovremennaya kosmologiya.
Authors: Volker Springel et al.
Comments: to appear in Nature, 23 pages, 8 figures, includes Supplementary Information
V svyazi s nachalom uspeshnoi raboty Fermi-GLAST aktivizirovalas' aktivnost', svyazannaya s raschetami registriruemosti gamma-luchei ot temnoi materii v nashei Galaktike. Poyavilos' srazu neskol'ko rabot.
Shpringel i soavtory v svoei stat'e v Nature rassmatrivayut sleduyushuyu problemu. Izvestno, chto temnoe veshestvo raspredeleno v galo neravnomerno. Vo-pervyh, est' sobstvenno galo nashei Galaktiki, vo-vtoryh v nem est' subgalo (ih chislo ochen' veliko - poryadka 100 000), v-tret'ih, i v galo i v subgalo est' struktury. Sprashivaetsya, signal ot kakih obrazovanii budet zametnee? Shpringel i soavtory reshayut etu problemu s pomosh'yu detal'nogo chislennogo modelirovaniya (bolee podrobno sm. arxiv:0809.0898).
Otvet, davaemyi v stat'e, takov. Zametnee budet signal ot osnovnogo galo. Razumeetsya, on sil'nee iz central'noi chasti Galaktiki (polovina signala ot vsego galo idet iz oblasti s radiusom primerno 2.6 kpk). Hotya subgalo summarno i dominiruyut v polnoi svetimosti (esli smotret' na nashu Galaktiku izdaleka, to osnovnoi annigilyacionnyi signal budet svyazan s subgalo), no dlya nablyudatelya na Zemle subgalo - dostatochno dalekie istochniki. Poetomu my zhdem signala v pervuyu ochered' iz central'noi chasti Mlechnogo Puti.
Eshe v odnoi stat'e (arxiv:0809.0901) takzhe s pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya issleduetsya struktura i obrazovaniya galo temnoi materii. A v arxiv:0809.0886 obsuzhdaetsya, smozhet li Fermi-GLAST obnaruzhit' sobstvennoe dvizhenie subgalo. Otvet: skoree vsego net, t.k. maloveroyatno, chto dazhe blizhaishee k nam subgalo budet dostatochno blizko dlya etogo.
Takzhe vopros o vozmozhnoi registracii temnoi materii putem nablyudeniya gamma-izlucheniya ot annigilyacii i svoistva galo obsuzhdayutsya v arxiv:0809.1523.
Authors: Yi MAO
Comments: PhD Thesis (MIT), 199 pages, 22 figures, 22 tables
Dissertaciya posvyashena interesneishei tematike i, kak obychno, soderzhit neplohoi obzor. Krome vsyakih prochih veshei avtor rasschityvaet, kak nablyudeniya na SKA smogut pomoch' tochnee opredelyat' kosmologicheskie parametry. Na ego vzglyad, vse vyglyadit ves'ma optimistichno, esli budet vybran dizain, maksimiziruyushei vozmozhnosti SKA po nablyudeniyu neitral'nogo vodoroda na 21 sm.
Authors: Paolo Lipari
Comments: 31 pages, Talk given at the workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice" (april 2008)
Obzor posvyashen kosmicheskim lucham (a takzhe neitrino vysokih energii), tomu, kakuyu rol' ih issledovaniya zanimayut v astrofizike, i na kakie voprosy oni mogut pomoch' naiti otvety.
Sm. takzhe obzor avtora arxiv:0808.0344.
Authors: Gary Steigman
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure
Koroten'kaya zametka, posvyashennaya obsuzhdeniyu togo, kak rentgenovskie i gamma- nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik mogut dat' ogranicheniya na dolyu antiveshestva.
Esli otbrosit' ideyu o tom, chto antiveshestvo s samyh rannih momentov zhizni vselennoi sobrano v kakie-to ochen' kompaktnye ob'ekty, to ogranicheniya na ego soderzhanie beretsya iz nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei (nuzhno imenno zahvatyvat' chasticy, dlya etogo nuzhny sputniki tipa PAMELA) i nablyudenii gamma-luchei. Poslednie mogli by rozhdat'sya pri annigilyacii. Po gamma-izlucheniyu est' predely na dolyu antiveshestva na samyh raznyh masshtabah. Shteigman obsuzhdaet predely na masshtabah poryadka 10 Mpk - t.e. masshtabah skoplenii.
Esli dva skopleniya stalkivayutsya (kak izvestnoe Bullet cluster), to antiveshestvo dolzhno annigilirovat' s veshestvom. Sootvetstvenno, verhnii predel na gamma-izlucheniya dast ogranichenie na antiveshestvo. Avtor rassmatrivaet konkretnye primery i obsuzhdaet, kak v budushem mozhno eshe uluchshit' takie predely.
Authors: V.N. Lukash, V.A. Rubakov
Comments: 17 pages, 2 figres, Physics-Uspekhi 51(3) pp. 283-289 (2008)
Avtory obsuzhdayut neskol'ko vazhnyh metodicheskih aspektov, svyazannyh s temnoi materiei. Vsem rekomenduetsya k prochteniyu. Razumeetsya, est' russkaya versiya na saite UFN.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Gordon Kane, Scott Watson
Comments: 25 pages, 2 figures, Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A
Zakanchivayutsya raboty, predshestvuyushie zapusku Bol'shogo Adronnogo Kollaidera (LHC) v CERNe. Krome svoei osnovnoi zadachi - issledovaniya Higgsovskogo bozona - ustanovka mozhet vnesti vklad i v nashe ponmianie prirody temnoi materii. Odnako mnogie pochemu-to polagayut, chto mozhno s bol'shoi nadezhnost' ozhidat', chto LHC dast tut chto-to principial'no novoe i sushestvennoe. V obzore avtory obsuzhdayut, chto zhe sobstvenno mozhno zhdat' ot LHC (i chego nel'zya) v smysle issledovaniya svoistv temnogo veshestva.
Obzor napisan ochen' dostupno, tak chto ego mozhno smelo vsem rekomendovat'. Dlya teh zhe, kto ishet bolee detal'nuyu informaciyu, v obzore privoditsya mnogo ssylok. Sm. takzhe arxiv:0807.2601, gde idet rech' o tom, kak vozmozhnoe obnaruzhenie legkogo Higgsa na LHC povliyaet na kosmologiyu.
Authors: Paolo Gondolo, Georg Raffelt
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure
Kak vse pomnyat, nedavno eksperiment DAMA snova ob'yavil o signale, kotoryi mozhet byt' rezul'tatom detektirovaniya chastic temnoi materii. Odnoi iz vozmozhnyh interpretacii mogut byt' aksionopodobnye chasticy (psevdoskalyary) s massoi okolo keVa. V dannoi stat'e avtory pokazyvayut, chto takaya interpretaciya vo-pervyh, zakryvaetsya dannymi po solnechnym neitrino, vo-vtoryh - dannymi po starym zvezdam (zvezdam v sharovyh skopleniyah i belym karlikam).
Authors: A.D. Dolgov
Comments: 30 pages, 3 figures, presented at Rencontre de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste, La Thuile, February 24 - March 1, 2008
Avtor predstavlyaet dostatochno udivitel'nuyu model', v kotoroi edva li ne vse temnoe veshestvo mozhno ob'yasnit' barionami i antibarionami.
Authors: Martha P. Haynes
Comments: To appear in AIP Conference Proceedings, "The Evolution of Galaxies through the Neutral Hydrogen Window", Feb 1-3 2008, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, eds. R. Minchin & E. Momjian. 8 pages
V Arhive potihon'ku poyavlyayutsya stat'i, kotorye budut opublikovany v materialah konferencii po izucheniyu neitral'nogo vodoroda. Eti issledovaniya vazhny dlya ponimaniya processa formirovaniya galaktik, nekotoryh kosmologicheskih aspektov.
O proekte ALFALFA (The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) mozhno prochest' tut arxiv:0806.1670. V ego ramkah provoditsya obzor vnegalakticheskogo neitral'nogo vodoroda (razumeetsya, rech' idet o volne 21 sm). Na nastoyashii moment zakoncheno bolee poloviny nablyudatel'noi raboty i okolo chetverti raboty po obrabotke dannyh.
Ob istorii i rezul'tatah issledovaniya blizkih galaktik na volne 21 sm sm. arxiv:0806.1712. Razumeetsya, na radioteleskope v Aresibo, kotoryi seichas igraet vedushuyu rol' v issledovanii galaktik na volne 21sm, planiruyutsya novye nablyudeniya. Pro to napisano zdes' arxiv:0806.1714.
Authors: G.A. Tammann, A. Sandage, B. Reindl
Comments: 44 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in the Astronony and Astrophysics Review 159
Tammann i Sendedzh - izvestneishie specialisty v oblasti opredeleniya rasstoyanii do galaktik i, sootvetstvenno, dinamiki rasshireniya vselennoi. V etoi stat'e privodyatsya dannye po 279 galaktikam na rasstoyaniyah do 2000 km/s, dlya kotoryh polucheny dostatochno tochnye nezavisimye ocenki rasstoyanii po cefeidam, sverhnovym Ia i krasnym gigantam. Dopolnitel'no obsuzhdayutsya eshe 62 bolee dalekie galaktiki (do 20 000 km/s), dlya kotoryh rasstoyaniya polucheny po sverhnovym Ia. Opredeleno znachenie postoyannoi Habbla 60-65 km/s/Mpk.
Authors: G. Burbidge
Comments: 6 pages, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 2008, 25, 30-35
Dzheffri Berbidzh vspominaet o toi situaciiya, v kotoroi oni nachali rabotat' nad znamenitoi stat'ei po nukleosintezu (v proshlom godu otmechalos' ee 50-letie). Rabota B2HF (Berbidzh, Berbidzh, Fauoer, Hoil) stala vazhneishim etapom v ponimanii togo, kak sinteziruyutsya elementy vo vselennoi. Tut splelas' zvezdnaya astrofizika, kosmologiya, evolyuciya galaktik i t.d. Pri etom Berbidzh prodolzhaet zashishat' al'ternativnye modeli, chto on delate i v etoi stat'e.
Authors: Jason X. Prochaska, Jason Tumlinson
Comments: Proceedings Review for "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and Concurrent Facilities", ed. X. Tielens, 38 pages, 10 color figures
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi voprosu o tom, gde nahodyatsya bariony na raznyh krasnyh smesheniyah, i kak ih mozhno nablyudat'. Istoriya nachinaetsya s epohi reionizacii, a osoboe vnimanie udeleno krasnym smesheniyam 3, 1 i 0.
Authors: Henk Hoekstra, Bhuvnesh Jain
Comments: 33 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 58
Slaboe linzirovanie yavlyaetsya "poleznym" yavleniem, t.k. pomogaet, naprimer, vyyavlyat' raspredelenie massy v skopleniyah galaktik. T.e., ono ispol'zuetsya kosmologami kak instrument. V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor po etoi teme. Opisyvaetsya bazovaya teoriya, rasskazyvaetsya, kak provodyatsya nablyudeniya i ih obrabotka. Nakonec, obsuzhdayutsya slozhnosti, puti ih preodoleniya i budushie proekty.
Authors: V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures Based on the talk at the Symposium on Atomic Physics: A Tribute to Walter Johnson, Notre Dame, 5 April 2008
Avtory dayut obzor raschetov, ispol'zuemyh dlya poiskov variacii fundamental'nyh konstant po nablyudeniyam spektrov kvazarov. Tonkost' sostoit v tom, cho odin iz avtorov (Flambaum) vhodil v gruppu, kotoraya v 2003 godu zayavila ob obnaruzhenii variacii na urovne 4-5 sigma, hotya drugie issledovateli ne podtverdili etot rezul'tat (sobstvenno, i vtoroi avtor - Dzuba - vhodit v tu zhe issledovatel'skuyu gruppu).
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0805.0462.
Authors: Christian Spiering
Comments: 16 pages, 20 figures. To be published in Astronomische Nachrichten
Astroparticle Physics (ya budu ispol'zovat' udachnyi perevod "kosmomikrofizika") zavoevala status samostoyatel'noi discipliny na styke astrofiziki, fiziki elementarnyh chastic (i uskoritel'noi, i kosmicheskih luchei) i kosmologii. Razumeetsya, chasto nevozmozhno (da i ne nuzhno) tochno opredelit' yavlyaetsya li dannaya rabota ili proekt "kosmomikrofizicheskim" ili ego luchshe nazyvat' kak-to inache. Kak by to ni bylo ? Oblast' harakterizuetsya eshe i tem, chto v nei osushestvlyayutsya ochen' dorogie proekty. Poetomu razlichnye agentstva stroyat dolgosrochnye plany. V stat'e daetsya ochen' interesnyi obzor togo, chto planiruet v etoi oblasti Evropa na blizhaishie 10 let.
Osnovnye voprosy, kotorye stavyat pered soboi v dannoi programme uchenye, takovy:
Pervym stoit vopros o prirode temnoi materii. Zdes' osnovnymi kandidatami yavlyayutsya neitralino i aksiony. Chto delaetsya? Vo-pervyh, idut laboratornye eksperimenty po pryamomu detektirovaniyu chastic temnoi materii. V etoi oblasti evropeicy, pozhalui, aktivnee drugih, i planiruetsya prodolzhat' poiski. Vo-vtoryh, est' vozmozhnost' uvidet' chasticy, yavlyayushiesya produktami raspada ili annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii, naprimer, gamma-kvanty. U evropeicev seichas letaet sputnik PAMELA, ot kotorogo mozhno ozhidat' interesnyh rezul'tatov do zapuska bolee moshnogo amerikanskogo AMS. Odnako, pohozhe, chto u PAMELA est' kakie-to trudnosti. V gamma-diapazone u evropeicev est' nebol'shoi sputnik AGILE. Planiruemyi v blizhaishie mesyacy k zapusku amerikanskii GLAST budet namnogo effektivnee. Krome togo, mozhno iskat' produkty raspada s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov, i tut s H.E.S.S. i MAGIC evropeicy vperedi planety vsei. Evropeiskie plany po postroike bol'shogo morskogo neitrinnogo detektora potihon'ku pretvoryayutsya v zhizn', no ochen' potihon'ku (ob etom sm. nizhe). Nakonec, v tret'ih, koe-chto mogut dat' uskoritel'nye eksperimenty, i zdes', konechno, vse nadezhdy na LHC.
Chto kasaetsya temnoi energii, to tut Evropa ogranichivaetsya standartnymi astronomicheskimi proektami v oblasti nablyudatel'noi kosmologii. Samym vazhnym, navernoe, v blizhaishie 10 let budet zapusk sputnika Planck (oktyabr' 2008 goda). Krome togo, planiruyutsya obzory v razlichnyh diapazonah spektra, no eto chistaya astronomiya, kotoruyu kosmomikrofizika podderzhivaet moral'no.
Sleduyushim punktom stoit poisk raspada protona. Dlya obnaruzheniya nado stroit' podzemnye detektory tipa SuperKamiokande, tol'ko na poryadok bol'she. Poka idet prorabotka neskol'kih podhodov (mozhno perechislit' neskol'ko nazvanii proektov LENA, GLACIER, MEMPHYS, LAGUNA). Planiruetsya, chto k 2010 godu budet vybran proekt. Odnako, vse eshe mozhet sil'no zamedlit'sya. Stoimost' ustanovki budet poryadka polumilliarda evro. S takimi proektami evropeicy lyubyat tyanut', poskol'ku nuzhno mezhdunarodnaya kooperaciya, a "u vseh svoi problemy". Razumeetsya, takoi detektor budet i prekrasnym neitrinnym detektorom.
Teper' o "lovle neitrino za borodu". Zdes' interesny ne tol'ko eksperimenty tipa morskih detektorov s ob'emom poryadka kubicheskogo kilometra. Vo-pervyh, idut popytki pomerit' massu neitrino v laboratorii po izmereniyu spektra elektronov pri beta-raspade (eksperiment KATRINA v Germanii). Vo-vtoryh, interesny issledovaniya dvoinogo bezneitrinnogo beta-raspada. Oni dolzhny dat' otvet na vopros o tom, yavlyayutsya li neitrino maioranovskimi ili dirakovskimi. Dvoinoi bezneitrinnyi beta-raspad vozmozhen tol'ko, esli neitrino maioranovskie.
Kosmicheskie luchi. Evropa aktivneishim obrazom uchastvuet v proekte Ozhe. Cherez neskol'ko let nachnetsya montazh severnoi chasti ustanovki v SShA (yuzhnaya polnost'yu gotova i rabotaet). V severnoi chasti 45 procentov prinadlezhit Evrope. Hotya chashe govoryat o kosmicheskih luchah sverhvysokih energii, odnako i na men'shih energiyah est' eshe nemalo nereshennyh problem. Dlya ih razresheniya stroyat otdel'nye detektory. Odin iz detektorov stoit v Germanii, i on budet prodolzhat' svoyu rabotu.
Gamma-astronomiya. Evropeicy ne sobirayutsya ostanavlivat'sya na uspehah, dostignutyh gruppami H.E.S.S. i MAGIC. Razrabatyvaetsya proekt gorazdo bolee krupnoi seti nazemnyh gamma-teleskopov. Po vsei vidimosti budet dve seti (severnaya i yuzhnaya) s neskol'ko raznymi parametrami, optimizirovannymi dlya izucheniya galakticheskih istochnikov (yug) i vnegalakticheskih (sever).
Kraine zamanchivo nachat' registrirovat' neitrino vysokih energii. Eto vozmozhno s pomosh'yu kilometrovyh detektorov v vode ili l'du. Poka v Antakrtide idet montazh IceCube, evropeicy testiruyut v Sredizemnom more neskol'ko prototipov vodnyh detektorov. O edinom evropeiskom detektore poka idut peregovory. Rano ili pozdno on navernyaka budet postroen, no kakaya-to konkretnaya informaciya o dizaine i tp. otsutstvuet. Krome togo, obsuzhdayutsya proekty kosvennoi registracii neitrino ochen' vysokih energii po radioizlucheniyu. V kachestve rabochego tela tut mozhet vystupat', naprimer, Luna.
Nakonec, poslednyaya tema svyazana s gravitacionnymi volnami. V Evrope rabotayut VIRGO i GEO600. Apgreid VIRGO pozvolit poluchit' pribor, kotoryi deistvitel'no smozhet imet' priemlemyi temp registracii sliyanii neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Planiruyutsya bolee krupnye ustanovki (Einstein Telescope), no yasno, chto dazhe pri optimisticheskom razvitii sobytii ih sooruzhenie ne popadaet v blizhaishie 10 let. Chto kasaetsya kosmicheskih detektorov, to tut ESA sotrudnichaet s NASA v dele sozdaniya LISA. Poka obsuzhdaetsya data zapuska 2018 god. No, skoree vsego, ona budet neskol'ko otodvinuta. V 2010 godu evropeicy dolzhny zapustit' prototip. Esli s nim vse proidet udachno, to, navernoe, poyavitsya real'nyh grafik realizacii bol'shogo osnovnogo proekta.
Itogo. Seichas kosmomikrofizika nahoditsya na etape, kogda mozhno uspet' snyat' slivki. Pravda, trebuetsya stroit' ochen' dorogie i tehnicheski slozhnye ustanovki na zemle, pod zemlei, pod vodoi i v kosmose. V konce stat'i avtor privodit svodku proektov (i summy), kotorye budut realizovyvat'sya v blizhaishie 10 let.
Pohozhe, chto Evropa ne otstaet ot SShA, ili otstaet ne sil'no. Nu na ee vtoroe mesto pokushat'sya vrode by i
nekomu.
Authors: Vicent J. Martinez
Comments: 20 pages, 12 figures, to appear in "Data Analysis in Cosmology", Lecture Notes in Physics, 2008, eds. V. J. Martinez, E. Saar, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, and M.J. Pons-Borderia, Springer-Verlag
Opisyvayutsya osnovnye podhody k izucheniyu statisticheskih svoistv raspredeleniya galaktik, t.e. krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Stat'ya ne yavlyaetsya legkim chtivom, krome, byt' mozhet, istoricheskogo vvedeniya.
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: 32 pages, 18 figures, an invited review for the UNESCO EOLSS Encyclopedia
Horoshii obzor na urovne staroi dobroi "Fiziki kosmosa". V nem rasskazyvaetsya o poyavlenie pervyh ob'ektov vo vselennoi i o roste krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. No, razumeetsya, takoi rasskaz nevozmozhen bez nekotorogo kosmologicheskogo vvedeniya i rasskaza o nablyudeniyah. Vse eto v obzore nalichestvuet.
Authors: R. Bernabei et al.
Comments: 40 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables
V laboratorii Gran Sasso idet novyi eksperiment po poisku chastic temnoi materii. Eto DAMA/LIBRA (opisanie chitaite v stat'e arxiv:0804.2738). Eto razvitie izvestnogo eksperimenta DAMA, kotoryi neskol'ko let nazad uzhe zayavlyal o tom, chto oni vidyat signal, t.k. imela mesto sezonnaya modulyaciya, kotoruyu avtory proekta ob'yasnyali izmeneniem otnositel'noi skorosti Zemli i chastic temnoi materii v processe vrasheniya nashei planety vokrug Solnca. Seichas avtory snova govoryat o polozhitel'nom rezul'tate uzhe na novoi ustanovke.
Avtory zayavlyayut, chto na urovne vyshe 8 standartnyh otklonenii vidyat godichnuyu modulyaciyu na novoi ustanovke (s uchetom staryh rezul'tatov). Vyvod sdelan na osnove 4-letnih nablyudenii. Interpretaciya: nablyudaetsya signal ot registracii chastic temnoi materii, zapolnyayushih galo nashei Galaktiki.
Razumeetsya, bol'shoi razdel v stat'e posvyashen vozmozhnym sistematicheskim effektam. No v lyubom sluchae, vidimo, pridetsya zhdat' nezavisimogo eksperimenta.
Authors: Kristen Menou, Zoltan Haiman, Bence Kocsis
Comments: 8 pages, To appear in "Jean-Pierre Lasota, X-ray binaries, accretion disks and compact stars" New Astronomy Reviews, eds. M.A. Abramowicz and O. Straub (Elsevier, 2008)
Avtory rassmatrivayut vopros o tom, chto novogo my mozhem uznat' blagodarya detektoru LISA s uchetom togo, chto mozhno budet tochno opredelit' iz kakoi galaktiki prishel signal (vozmozhno, chto eto mozhno budet skazat' dazhe do pika vspleska). Stat'ya prezhde vsego interesna ob'yasneniem nekotoryh vozmozhnostei i ih obsuzhdeniem. V chastnosti, mozhno budet ogranichivat' al'ternativnye teorii gravitacii, t.k. mozhn bude opredelyat' zaderzhku mezhdu prihodom fotonnogo i gravitacionnogo signalov. Krome togo, nablyudeniya na LISA dadut nezavisimuyu ocenku rasstoyaniya do galaktik po ih gravitacionno-volnovomu signalu, chto takzhe ochen' interesno.
Authors: A.D. Dolgov
Comments: Talk presented at the meeting of Nuclear Physics Division of Russian Academy of Sci., November, 2007, Moscow. 21 pages, 3 figures
Horoshii obzor o roli neitrino v kosmologii i o vozmozhnosti ispol'zovat' kosmologicheskie dannye dlya ogranicheniya parametrov neitrino. Zatronuty vse vozmozhnye v dannom sluchae aspekty: ot roli neitrino v formirovanii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury do kosmologicheskih ogranichenii na chislo sortov neitrino, ot ogranichenii na massy neitrino do perspektiv obnaruzheniya fona kosmologicheskih neitrino.
Authors: I.M. Khalatnikov, A.Yu. Kamenshchik
Comments: 16 pages, to be published in Physics - Uspekhi
Avtory nachinayut s togo, chto vspominayut o bol'shom interese Landau k probleme kosmologicheskoi singulyarnosti. Konechno, so vremen Landau v kosmologii proizoshla nastoyashaya revolyuciya, sootvetstvenno izmenilas' i postanovka problemy o kosmologicheskih singulyarnostyah. V konce stat'i avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye novye voprosy.
Authors: E. Komatsu et al.
Comments: 49 pages, 20 figures, submitted to ApJS
Eta stat'ya otkryvaet seriyu rabot, posvyashennyh predstavleniyu rezul'tatov uzhe
pyati let nablyudenii na sputnike WMAP. Drugie stat'i:
arxiv:0803.0570 Five-Year
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)Observations: Beam Maps and
Window Functions
arxiv:0803.0577 The Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Source Catalog
arxiv:0803.0586 Five-Year
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and
Parameters from the WMAP data
arxiv:0803.0593 Five-Year
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Angular Power
Spectra
arxiv:0803.0715
Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations:
Galactic Foreground Emission
arxiv:0803.0732 Five-Year
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Data Processing,
Sky Maps, and Basic Results
Nikakih sensacii net. Nasha vselennaya po-prezhnemu sostoit na 4.62 procenta iz barionov, na 23.3 procenta iz temnogo veshestva, i na 72.1 - iz temnoi energii. Postoyannaya Habbla 70.1 km/s/Mpk (+/- ya vezde opustil, oni stali men'she). Spektr vozmushenii 0.96, no sovmestim s ploskim v predelah menee treh sigma.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu srazu nizhe, gde dan obzor po metodam izucheniya mikrovolnovogo fona.
Authors: Dorothea Samtleben, Suzanne Staggs, Bruce Winstein
Comments: 34 pages, 10 figures, published by Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 57, 2007
Ochen' poleznyi obzor, poskol'ku v nem prosto, strogo i ponyatno ob'yasnyaetsya chto izmeryayut, izuchaya reliktovoe izluchenie, kak provoditsya obrabotka, i zachem vse eto nuzhno (t.e., kakie vazhnye parametry izvlekayutsya v itoge).
Authors: Matts Roos
Comments: 33 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Supporting Systems (EOLSS)
Ochen' udachnyi obzor. Eto deistvitel'no enciklopedicheskaya stat'ya. Na vpolne dostupnom urovne, no strogo, tam ponemnogu rasskazano obo vsem, chto imeet otnoshenie v zagolovku stat'i. po odnoi dve stranicy otvedeno takim temam kak: istoriya komologii, paradoks Ol'bersa, zakon Habbla, STO, izmerenie rasstoyanii, OTO, testy OTO, gravitacionnoe linzirovanie, chernye dyry, kosmologiya Fridmana-Lemetra, teplovaya istoriya vselennoi, inflyaciya, reliktovoe izluchenie, krupnomasshtabnaya sturktura, temnoe veshestvo, temnaya energiya. Ya by dobavil eshe chut'-chut' o pervichnom nukleosinteze....
Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 21 pages, 11 figures. Proceedings of conference "Tessellations : The world a jigsaw", Leyden (Netherlands), march 2006
Po suti eto populyarnaya stat'ya po topologii Vselennoi. Lyumine izvesten kak avtor nashumevshei stat'i, v kotoroi dannye po reliktovomu izlucheniyu interpretirovalis' v ramkah modeli v netrivial'noi topologiei. V dannom obzore rasskazano o tom, kak takie modeli vyglyadyat, kak ih mozhno proveryat' po imeyushimsya dannym i tp.
Authors: Wayne Hu
Comments: 41 pages, 19 figures, to appear in XIX Canary Island Winter School of Astrophysics, ed. R. Rebelo and J.A. Rubino-Martin
Dostatochno podrobnoe opisanie osnovnyh fizicheskih processov, svyazannyh s formirovaniem svoistv reliktovogo fona. Esli vy hotite ponyat', kak v spektre moshnosti relikta na raznyh masshtabah voznikayut piki, i chto my mozhem iz vsego etogo izvlech' - to vam syuda.
Authors: Thibault Damour, Marc Lilley
Comments: 75 pages, 8 figures; based on lectures given by T. Damour at Les Houches Summer School in Theoretical Physics: Session 87: String Theory and the Real World: From Particle Physics to Astrophysics, Les Houches, France, 2-27 July 2007
Bol'shoi professional'nyi (t.e. sovsem ne populyarnyi) obzor po gravitacii. teorii strun i vozmozhnostyam eksperimental'noi proverki.
Authors: Dan Hooper, Edward A. Baltz
Comments: 25 pages, 5 figures, Review intended for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
Horoshii professional'nyi obzor. Zatronuty vse osnovnye voprosy: kak v teorii (beglo, no dostatochno), tak i v eksperimente. Rasskazyvaetsya i o laboratornyh poiskah chastic, i o gamma-nablyudeniyah, i ob uskoritel'nyh eksperimentah. Obzor rasschitan na specialistov.
Authors: V. Berezinsky
Comments: 13 pages, Invited talk at TAUP 2007 conference, September 2007, Sendai, Japan
Interesnoe esse, posvyashennoe nekotorym zagadkam v kosmologii i rodstvennyh oblastyah. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno effektu Greizena-Zacepina-Kuz'mina (GZK) i problemam s lyambda-chlenom.
Authors: George F. Smoot
Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures, A Century of Cosmology' held at San Servolo, Venice
Prakticheski populyarnyi obzor po anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Opisana i istoriya issledovanii i otkrytii, i to "zachem eto nuzhno" v kosmologii, nu i, konechno zhe, chto eshe predstoit sdelat' na budushih eksperimentah. "Istoricheskii" podhod pomogaet ponyatnee vse izlozhit', tak chto stat'ya poluchaetsya ochen' dostupnaya.
Authors: Liam McAllister, Eva Silverstein
Comments: 55 pages
Bolee ob'emnyi i menee dostupnyi obzor po kosmologii. Hotya formul ne tak uzh mnogo. Tak chto nadezhda razobrat'sya est' i u teh, kto ne zanimaetsya etoi oblast'yu.
Authors: Daniel Ceverino, Anatoly Klypin
Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures, submitted to ApJ
V teorii formirovaniya galaktik ostayutsya ser'eznye neyasnosti, no pohozhe, chto bolee sovershennye modeli pozvolyayut otvechat' na vazhnye voprosy. V dannom sluchae rassmatrivaetsya problema vliyaniya poyavivshihsya zvezd na process "dodelyvaniya" galaktiki.
Dlya menya syurprizom stala vazhnost' ucheta ubegayushih zvezd. V predstavlyaemoi modeli avtory dostigayut razresheniya poryadka 50 parsek. Modeliruyutsya vse osnovnye sostavlyayushie mezhzvezdnoi sredy i tp. "detali", kotorye na samom dele yavlyayutsya opredelyayushimi dlya polucheniya realisticheskoi modeli.
O vozmozhnoi roli vliyaniya aktivnyh yader na formirovanie krasnyh ellipticheskih galaktik sm. stat'yu arxiv:0712.3289.
Authors: Carlo Burigana
Comments: 21 pages. Invited Lecture at the First MCCT-SKADS Training School, September 23-29, 2007, Medicina, Bologna, Italy. PoS(MCCT-SKADS)013
Hotya kilometrovaya antennaya reshetka (SKA) eshe tol'ko-tol'ko proektiruetsya, i dazhe ne vybrano mesto postroiki, uzhe provodyat poleznye shkoly i treningi. Poskol'ku SKA budet rabotat' i na kosmologiyu, dayutsya obzory po aktual'nym voprosam v etoi oblasti. V dannom sluchae eto effekt Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha, sostoyashii vo vzaimodeistvii fotonov reliktovogo izlucheniya s goryachim gazom v skopleniyah galaktik.
Obzor ne prostoi, no ochen' poleznyi dlya teh, kto deistvitel'no hochet razobrat'sya.
Authors: K. Dolag, S. Borgani, S. Schindler, A. Diaferio, A.M. Bykov
Comments: 42 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view", Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 12; work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S. Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeker
Poyavilsya celyi ryad statei, posvyashennyh razlichnym aspektam issledovaniya
skoplenii galaktik. Pri etom bol'shinstvo statei yavlyayutsya obzorami, imeyushimi
bolee shirokuyu oblast' primenimosti, chem tol'ko skopleniya. Vmeste oni
formiruyut celuyu knigu.
Perechislyu nekotorye iz nih.
Nonthermal radiation
mechanisms,
Thermal radiation processes,
Equilibration processes in the
Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium ,
Cosmological shock waves,
Observations of extended radio
emission in clusters,
Nonthermal phenomena in clusters
of galaxies,
Clusters of galaxies: setting the
stage ,
Clusters of galaxies: beyond the
thermal view,
Future instrumentation for the
study of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium,
Metal enrichment processes,
Numerical simulations of the
Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium.
Authors: Don N. Page
Comments: 14 pages, LaTeX, to be published in Melville Y. Stewart, ed., Science and Religion in Dialogue (Blackwell Publishing Inc., Oxford), from a series of lectures sponsored by the Templeton Foundation and given at Shandong University in Jinan, China, autumn 2007; see also arXiv:0801.0246 and arXiv:0801.0247
Tri stat'i (vklyuchaya arXiv:0801.0246, arXiv:0801.02467) Dona Peidzha, posvyashennye religiozno=filosofskim aspektam sovremennyh kosmologicheskih teorii.
Authors: Richard Ellis, Joseph Silk
Comments: 29 pages, To appear in "Structure Formation in the Universe", ed. Chabrier, G., Cambridge University Press.
Bol'shoi, dostupnyi i tolkovyi obzor ot dvuh vedushih specialistov po vnegalakticheskoi astronomii i kosmologii. Osnovnye temy: temnaya materiya i energiya, a takzhe obrazovanie galaktik i epoha reionizacii. Horosho summirovano sovremennoe sostoyanie del. Nu a glavnoi temoi yavlyaetsya popytka analiza togo, chto nado sdelat' v blizhaishem budushem, kakimi metodami i tp.
Authors: Licia Verde
Comments: 52 pages, To appear in the proceedings of the XIX Canary Island Winter School "The Cosmic Microwave Background: from Quantum fluctuations to the present Universe"
V samam dele, nikakogo bla-bla-bla. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo. Dazhe zadachi est'. Navernoe, budet polezno ne tol'ko tem, kto nachinaet izuchat' obrabotku kosmologicheskih dannyh, a voobshe vsem, kto nachinaet ispol'zovat' statmetody dlya raboty s dannymi.
Authors: P. P. Kronberg, et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 8 figures Astrophysical Jounrnal in press, March 2008
Issledovanie mer vrasheniya bol'shogo chisla dalekih radioistochnikov pokazalo, chto za z~2 dolya ob'ektov s maloi meroi vrasheniya ochen' mala. T.e., kak pisht avtory "vselennaya faradeevski neprozrachna". Po ih mneniyu, eto govorit o tom, chto v rannie epohi okrestnosti galaktik byli dostatochno sil'no zamagnicheny. Drugaya vozmozhnost' sostoit v tom, chto velik vklad sobstvennyh polei istochnikov.
Authors: R. Schneider et al.
Comments: MNRAS, 9 pages
Avtorami razrabotana poluanaliticheskaya model', pozvolyayushaya uchest' vliyanie reoinizacii na process formirovaniya galaktik. Rassmotreny dva varianta modeli s razlichnymi scenariyami radiacionnoi obratnoi svyazi. Oba varianta nahodyatsya v soglasii s ogranicheniyami SDSS na soderzhanie neitral'nogo vodoroda na z < 7. Predskazannye razlichiya dlya tomsonovskoi opticheskoi tolshi nahodyatsya v predelah odnoi sigma po rezul'tatam trehletnih nablyudenii WMAP. Oba varianta soglasuyutsya s dannymi ob evolyucii Laiman-limit sistem (LLS), kosmicheskoi istorii zvezdoobrazovaniya, teplovoi istoriei mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, podschetom galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Po mneniyu avtorov, lish' nablyudeniya v linii HI 21 sm pozvolyat sdelat' vybor, kakoi iz variantov yavlyaetsya nabolee realistichnym. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya veroyatnost' obnaruzheniya signala s pomosh'yu sushestvuyushih i razrabatyvaemyh radioteleskopov.
Authors: Gary Steigman
Comments: Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2007, 29 pages
V 1985 godu v zhurnale Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. vyshel obzor "Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Theories and Observations", napisannyi dvumya avtorami Boesgaard & Steigman. Proshlo bolee dvadcati let, i Gari Staigman vnov' summiruet naibolee vazhnye otkrytiya v oblasti pervichnogo nukleosinteza. Obzor napisan na dostupnom dlya nekosmologov urovne i sostoit iz pyati chastei: vstupleniya, kratkoi annotacii modelei standartnogo i nestandartnogo nukleosinteza pri Bol'shom Vzryve, opisaniya nablyudatel'nyh dannyh po reliktovym nuklidam (deiterii, gelii-3, gelii-4, litii-7), obsuzhdeniya soglasiya mezhdu sovremennoi teoriei i nablyudeniyami, zaklyucheniya.
Authors: Pavel D. Naselsky et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ
Na kartah mikrovolnovogo fona (reliktovogo izlucheniya), postroennyh komandoi WMAP, est' zagadochnoe holodnoe pyatno na galakticheskoi shirote -57 i dolgote 209 gradusov. Avtory stat'i provodyat podrobnyi analiz. Hitrost' tut v tom, chto karty mikrovolnovogo fona stroyatsya sovsem ne tak, kak obychnye karty. T.e. eto ne nanesenie na kartu neba "tochek" s izmerennoi temperaturoi. Postroenie karty zavyazano zdes' na slozhnye metody obrabotki. V itoge mozhet poluchit'sya tak, chto nekotorye "detali" na karte voznikayut imenno v sledstvii primeneniya konkretnogo algoritma postroeniya, a vovse ne iz-za sushestvovaniya kakih-to vydelennyh oblastei na nebe. Pohozhe, chto imenno tak i poyavilos' holodnoe pyatno. Avtory detal'no razbirayut, kakie garmoniki mogli vnesti vklad v poyavlenie etogo "mirazha".
Authors: A. Aguirre et al.
Comments: ApJ, 13 pages
Izuchenie himicheskogo sostava mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na razlichnyh krasnyh smesheniyah pokazalo nalichie v nei tyazhelyh elementov uzhe na z = 5-6 i otsutstvie sushestvennoi evolyucii v metallichnosti dlya intervala krasnyh smeshenii 2 < z < 4. Process obogasheniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy yavlyaetsya klyuchevym dlya ponimaniya evolyucii galaktik, potomu nablyudeniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy byli i ostayutsya odnim iz prioritetnyh napravlenii. Dannaya stat'ya yavlyaetsya chetvertoi v serii rabot i posvyashena analizu linii O VI, C IV, Si IV i H I v spektrah vysokogo razresheniya 17 kvazarov, poluchennyh dlya na teleskopah VLT i Keck. Rezul'taty issledovaniya pokazali, chto na intervale krasnyh smeshenii 1.9 < z < 3.6 soderzhanie kisloroda [O/H] v mezhgalakticheskoi srede sushestvenno ne menyaetsya. Analogichnyi rezul'tat byl poluchen ranee temi zhe avtorami iz analiza obiliya v mezhgalakticheskoi srede ugleroda [C/H].
Authors: Ilian Iliev et al.
Comments: In Proceedings of From planets to dark energy: the modern radio universe, 5 pages
Pryamoe obnaruzhenie epohi "temnyh vremen" i reionizacii odna iz prioritetnyh nauchnyh celei nizkochastotnyh radioinstrumentov, kak deistvuyushih (Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, 21- CM Array), tak i razrabatyvaemyh (Low Frequency Array, Murchison Widefield Array i Square Kilometre Array). Vsledstvie slabogo i zashumlennogo signala, ozhidaetsya, chto takie nablyudeniya budut kraine slozhny. Uspeh eksperimentov i korrektnoi interpretacii rezul'tatov budet tesno svyazan s ponimaniem osnovnyh processov i harakternyh masshtabov reionizacii, poluchennyh iz chislennyh eksperimentov. V rabote kratko obsuzhdayutsya osnovnye rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya v etoi oblasti. Po ocenke avtorov, optimal'nye nablyudatel'nye chastoty eksperimenta lezhat v diapazone 140-160 MGc.
Authors: George Efstathiou
Comments: 13 pages, To appear in the proceedings of `A Century of Cosmology', S. Servolo, August 2007, to be published in Il Nuovo Cimento,
Nebol'shie kommentarii po nereshennym problemam, kotorye budut atakovany v blizhaishie gody. Spisok vklyuchaet v sebya sleduyushee. Poisk tenzornyh mod (naprimer, po nablyudeniyam polyarizacii relikta). Otvet na vopros o tom, imeem li my delo s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, ili zhe velichina ee evolyucioniruet. Razvitie struktury.
Podcherknu, chto eto imenno kommentarii, a ne polnocennyi obzor. T.e., nesmotrya na otsutstvie formul chitat' vse eto legko tem, kto v teme.
Authors: Ilian Iliev et al.
Comments: MNRAS, 22 pages
V rabote predstavleny rezul'taty samosoglasovannogo modelirovaniya processa reionizacii i ego vliyaniya na sostoyanie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Rezul'taty raschetov pokazali, chto bol'shaya chast' istochnikov, otvetstvennyh na reionizaciyu, slishkom slaba, chtoby ih mozhno bylo zafiksirovat' v sovremennyh nablyudatel'nyh obzorah.
Authors: Avery A. Meiksin
Comments: Reviews of Modern Physics, 69 pages
Otlichnyi obzor po fizike mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, kotorogo davno zhdali. V detalyah opisano sovremennoe ponimanie struktury, svoistv i evolyucii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Rabota sostoit iz devyati chastei i ohvatyvaet takie vazhnye razdely kak rezul'taty nablyudenii i chislennyh eksperimentov, osnovy teorii reionizacii, processy vzaimodeistviya galaktik i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy, opisanie zaplanirovannyh nazemnyh i kosmicheskih eksperimentov. Po polnote i shirote ohvata materiala dannyi obzor mozhno sravnit' s knigoi Kaplana i Pikel'nera "Fizika mezhzvezdnoi sredy".
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: Opening lecture for "Astrophysics In the Next Decade", 26 pages
Yasnoe i prostoe ob'yasnenie togo, chto takoe reionizaciya ot odnogo iz vydayushihsya kosmologov sovremennosti. Napisannaya na populyarnom urovne, eta stat'ya ne trebuet ot chitatelya special'noi podgotovki, no v to zhe vremya predel'no dostupno raz'yasnyaet sut' fizicheskih processov, proishodivshih v rannei vselennoi. Naidennye obrazy i otlichno podobrannye sravneniya ne ostavyat nikogo ravnodushnym. Otdel'noe vnimanie udeleno nablyudatel'noi kosmologii i gotovyashimsya proektam JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) i GMT (Giant Magellan Telescope).
Authors: Laura Baudis
Comments: 10 pages, 11 figures; submitted for the SUSY07 proceedings
Ochen' horoii obzor po laboratornym metodam poiska chastic temnoi materii. Opisany vse osnovnye metodiki i eksperimenty. Komu interesno, stat'ya legko prevrashaetsya v populyarnuyu.
Authors: Mitchell C. Begelman, Elena M. Rossi, Philip J. Armitage
Comments: 11 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS submitted. Resubmitted version after referee review
Sushestvuet takaya problema: kak bystro vyrastit' iz zarodyshevyh chernyh dyr sverhmassivnye ob'ekty v centrah galaktik? Delo v tom, chto prosto "napihat'" veshestvo vnutr' dyry za schet akkrecii nel'zya, t.k. pri akkrecii vydelyaetsya energiya, i etot potok izlucheniya ostanovit akkreciyu (tochnee otreguliruet ee v sootvetstvii s t.n. Eddingtonovskim predelom, opredelyaemym massoi chernoi dyry).
Avtory rassmatrivayut akkreciyu na chernuyu dyru iz plotnoi gazovoi obolochki. Eto pohozhe na situaciyu, v kotoroi nachinaetsya rost massy chernyh dyr v centrah molodyh galaktik. Za schet otvoda energii konvekciei, avtoram udaetsya obespechit' dostatochno vysokii rost massy. Tak mozhno dorastit' massu do neskol'kih tysyach solnechnyh za million let. Potom obolochka, v kotoroi idet konvekciya, rasseivaetsya. Eto vazhnyi etap v processe uvelicheniya massy chernyh dyr. Veroyatno, nablyudeniya na kosmicheskom teleskope sleduyushego pokoleniya mogut dat' otvet na vopros realizuetsya li takoi scenarii v deistvitel'nosti.
Authors: Max Tegmark
Comments: Replaced to match accepted Found. Phys. version, 31 pages, 5 figs
Maks Tegmark detal'no opisyvaet svoyu gipotezu "matematicheskoi vselennoi". Sut' ee v tom, chto za nashei fizicheskoi real'nost'yu stoit matematicheskaya struktura. T.e., ne my opisyvaem prirodu v matematicheskih terminah, a priroda i est' matematicheskaya struktura. Skoree, nashi organy chuvstv obmanyvayutsya, vosprinimaya fizicheskuyu, a ne matematicheskuyu real'nost'.
V kachestve korotkogo vvedeniya v mul'tiversy stoit prochest' arxiv:0711.4460.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Fulvio Melia
Comments: 10 pages, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ya by skazal, chto eto metodicheskaya stat'ya. Prodelav nekotorye preobrazovaniya s bazovymi kosmologicheskimi uravneniyami, avtor obsuzhdaet gorizonty, voznikayushie vo vselennoi. Avtor vvodit termin "gorizont krivizny", kotoryi, po suti, sovpadaet s gorizontom sobytii. Raznica tol'ko v tom, chto eti gorizonty voznikayut v raznyh sistemah otscheta.
Sm. takzhe eshe odnu stat'yu etogo avtora, na etot raz ne metodicheskuyu. Po suti, pervaya stat'ya mozhet schitat'sya vvedeniem ko vtoroi.
Zaodno stoit prochest' klassicheskie stat'i Rindler, v kotoryh vvodyatsya gorizont sobytii i gorizont chastic: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956MNRAS.116..662R, http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956MNRAS.116..335R. Nemnogo populyarno pro gorizonty mozho pochitat' tut mid://1194830, ili tut http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/publishing/vs/archives/?item_id=2557.
Authors: O.Y. Gnedin & J.L. Prieto
Comments: conference proceedings, 5 pages
V rabote kratko predstavleny rezul'taty kosmologicheskogo modelirovaniya formirovaniya sharovyh skoplenii v molekulyarnyh oblakah galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. V to vremya kak iz nablyudenii chetko sleduet, chto vse zvezdy i sharovye skopleniya formiruyutsya v molekulyarnyh oblakah, nachal'nye usloviya fragmentacii oblakov ostayutsya naimenee opredelennym parametrom. Vozrast bol'shinstva sharovyh skoplenii sravnim s kosmologicheskim vremenem, potomu estestvenno predpolozhit' v kachestve nachal'nyh te usloviya, kotorye byli harakternye dlya rannei vselennoi. Po mneniyu avtorov, parametry modeliruemyh skoplenii nahodyatsya v horoshem soglasii s nablyudeniyami blizkih molodyh skoplenii.
Authors: X. Barcons et al.
Comments: Astron. Nachr., 4 pages
Mini-obzor summiruet rezul'taty rentgenovskih nablyudenii mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Na krasnyh smesheniyah z > 2 teoreticheskie ocenki chisla barionov soglasuyutsya s nablyudeniyami, soglasno kotorym bol'shaya chast' barionov soderzhitsya v DLA sistemah (Damped Ly-alpha systems). Dlya krasnyh smeshenii z < 2 polovina barionov "poteryana". Zvezdy, galaktiki i skopleniya galaktik ne mogut v summe dat' nuzhnogo kolichestva barionov. Aktivnye fazy galakticheskoi evolyucii, soprovozhdaemye vzryvami sverhnovyh i galakticheskim vetrom, prilivnye vzaimodeistviya galaktik predpolagayut obogashenie mezhgalakticheskoi sredy barionami. Soglasno sovremennym kosmologicheskim ocenkam, sushestvennoe kolichestvo barionov mozhet soderzhat'sya v teplo-goryachei mezhgalakticheskoi srede (the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium ili WHIM). WHIM predstavlyaet soboi goryachii i kraine razrezhennyi gaz s temperaturoi T= 105-107 K i koncentraciei n= 10-4 - 10-6 chastic v kubicheskom santimetre. Mnogochislennye popytki obnaruzhit' WHIM s pomosh'yu sputnikov XMM-Newton i Chandra byli uspeshny tol'ko dlya blizkoi mezhgalakticheskoi sredy. Predel chuvstvitel'nosti sovremennyh rentgenovskih spektrometrov ne pozvolyaet uverenno nablyudat' WHIM na kosmologicheskih rasstoyaniyah. Sleduyushee pokolenie rentgenovskih sputnikov (XEUS), vozmozhno pozvolit poluchit' gorazdo bol'she informacii o svoistvah WHIM i soderzhaniyu v nei barionov. Obo vsem etom govoritsya v obzore.
Authors: Frank Daniel Steffen
Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures; Submitted for the SUSY07 proceedings
Podrobnyi obzor po trem kandidatam v temnuyu materiyu. Obzor napisan na astrofizicheskom, a ne teorfizicheskom urovne slozhnosti. Tak chto vo vsem mozhno razobrat'sya.
Authors: J. Wise & T. Abel
Comments: ApJ, 12 pages
Sovremennye nablyudeniya pokazali, chto dazhe na dalekih krasnyh smesheniyah z > 5 himicheskii sostav mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (MGS) otlichen ot pervichnogo. Voznikaet vopros, kak imenno prohodilo obogashenie MGS v rannei Vselennoi? Eta problema yavlyaetsya odnoi iz naibolee diskutiruemyh v sovremennoi kosmologii. Dannaya stat'ya posvyashena chislennomu modelirovaniyu evolyucii karlikovyh galaktik, pogruzhennyh v galo temnoi materii. Rassmotrena ih evolyuciya c uchetom radiacionnogo vliyaniya pervyh zvezd (zvezd naseleniya III). Soglasno raschetam avtorov stat'i, v rezul'tate dinamicheskogo vliyaniya zvezd naseleniya III karlikovye galaktiki teryayut do 40% vseh tyazhelyh elementov i obogashayut mezhgalakticheskuyu sredu na samyh rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi.
Authors: Brandon Carter
Comments: 73 latex pages, consisting of 5 page postscript appended to transcript (with original figures by photocopy) of 68 page manuscript printed by stencil in 1967 under subheading ``The role of fundamental microphysical parameters in cosmogony'', as a foundation for what was to become known as the anthropic principle
Arhivazhnaya stat'ya! Eto vosproizvedenie klassicheskoi raboty, posvyashennoi antropnomu principu (do etogo ona byla malodostupna v elektronnom vide). Krome togo Karter sdelal nebol'shoe posleslovie. Sovetuyu vsem prochest'!
Authors: D. L. Band et al.
Comments: 25 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
EXIST - eto sputnik dlya issledovaniya neba v zhestkom diapazone spektra. Ozhidaemyi zapusk - primerno v 2015 godu. V stat'e rassmotrena chuvstvitel'nost' pribora k gamma-vspleskam. Razumeetsya, chuvstvitel'nost' budushego apparata sushestvenno prevzoidet parametry sushestvuyushih priborov.
Authors: S. L. Snowden, R. M. Mushotzky, K. D. Kuntz, D. S. Davis
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A, 55 pages with 42 figures
Predstavlen katalog iz 70 skoplenii galaktik, kotorye detal'no nablyudalis' na XMM-Newton. Sravnenie s rezul'tatami s Chandra pokazyvaet, chto ocenki temperatur gaza v skopleniyah po dannyh dvuh sputnikov sistematicheski razlichayutsya.
Authors: Ryan J. Foley et al.
Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, submitted to ApJ.
Kak izvestno, sverhnovye tipa Ia ispol'zuyutsya v kosmologii kak standartnye svechi. Imenno po etim ob'ektam pochti 10 let nazad bylo obnaruzheno uskorennoe rasshirenie vselennoi. Tem ne menee, vsegda zvuchit somnenie: a chto esli svehnovye "tam" ne takie kak "tut". T.e., net li kakoi-to sushestvennoi evolyucii sverhnovyh za poslednie neskol'ko milliardov let. Mozhet byt' te, chto nahodyatsya na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah ne bliznecy-brat'ya "nashim" sverhnovym?
Avtory sravnivayut spektry dalekih i blizkih sverhnovyh. Spektrov mnogo, ispol'zovany tol'ko vysokokachestvennye dannye po horosho izuchennym sverhnovym. Osnovnoi vyvod takov: nikakoi sushestvennoi evolyucii ne obnaruzheno.
Authors: R.A. Sunyaev, J. Chluba
Comments: 14 pages, 6 figures, NRAO 50th anniversary conference proceeding
Ponyatno i podrobno opisany effekty, imeyushie mesto vo vremya rekombinacii. Takzhe obsuzhdayutsya perspektivy nablyudeniya posledstvii etih effektov. Uchityvaya vazhnost' pravil'nogo ponimaniya togo, kak prohodila rekombinaciya, vse eto ochen' interesno.
Authors: Edward W. Kolb
Comments: 18 pages, Two lectures presented at the International School of Subnuclear Physics, "Searching for the 'totally unexpected' in the LHC era," Erice, Italy 2007
Dostatochno podrobnye, no dostupnye lekcii po kosmologii. Dostoinstvom yavlyaetsya to, to Ed pro vse-vse, chto hot' kak-to mozhet byt' svyazano s issledovaniyami na LHC, postaralsya upomyanut'.
Authors: Neal Jackson
Comments: Living Reviews in Relativity 10(2007)4
Bol'shoi horoshii obzor. Vsem rekomenduyu hotya by posmotret'. Znat', kak vse eto opredelyaetsya - ochen' vazhno.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Benedetta Ciardi
Comments: 11 pages, 19 figures; invited review to appear in "First Stars III"
Otlichnyi obzor Benedetty Ch'yardi o mehanicheskom, himicheskom i radiacionnom vliyanii pervyh zvezd i galaktik na formirovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Stat'ya mozhet byt' populyarnym vvedeniem v bolee ser'eznyi obzor teh zhe avtorov (Ciardi & Ferrara, 2005, Space Science Reviews, 116, 625).
Authors: Michael T. Murphy, John K. Webb, Victor V. Flambaum
Comments: 1 page, 1 EPS figure. Submitted as a PRL Comment on arXiv:astro-ph/0402177 . Further details available in arXiv:astro-ph/0612407
V poslednie gody aktivno obsuzhdaetsya potencial'naya vozmozhnost' opredeleniya vremennyh variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury iz analiza absorbcionnyh linii v spektrah kvazarov vysokogo razresheniya. Odnako sovremennyi uroven' tochnosti, dostizhimyi teleskopami Keck/HIRES i VLT/UVES, poka ne pozvolyaet odnoznachno razreshit' etot vopros. V dannoi zametke zakryvaetsya sensacionnoe soobshenie, opublikovannoe ranee v astro-ph/0402177, o dostignutoi tochnosti $\Delta\alpha/\alpha=(-0.06\pm0.06)\times10^{-5}$. Na osnove bolee korrektnoi statisticheskoi obrabotki teh zhe nablyudatel'nyh dannyh avtorami zametki dokazano, chto uroven' tochnosti na segodnya ne mozhet byt' principial'no luchshe, chem $\Delta\alpha/\alpha=(-0.44\pm0.16)\times10^{-5}$. Podrobnyi analiz rezul'tatov opublikovan v astro-ph/0612407.
Authors: Roger Cayrel, et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication on A&A Letters
Litii - sovershenno unikal'nyi himicheskii element, sostoyashii iz dvuh izotopov 6Li i 7Li. Sintez litiya proishodit tremya spososobami: srazu posle Bol'shogo Vzryva v processe pervichnogo nukleosinteza (tol'ko 7Li), v processe zvezdnoi evolyucii na stadii AGB - asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov (tol'ko 7Li) i pri vzaimodeistvii kosmicheskih luchei s atomami mezhzvezdnoi sredy (v osnovnom 6Li). Poskol'ku 6Li sinteziruetsya gorazdo pozzhe 7Li, otnoshenie izotopov litiya 6Li/7Li v staryh malometallichnyh zvezdah galo sluzhit odnim iz vazhnyh nablyudatel'nyh testov teorii pervichnogo nukleosinteza. Avtory dannoi stat'i (polovina iz nih - vsemirno izvestnye uchenye) dvumya razlichnymi sposobami izuchili soderzhanie izotopov litiya v atmosfere malometallichnoi zvezdy HD 74000, prinadlezhashei galo nashei Galaktiki. Rezul'taty etogo analiza, osnovannogo na novom metode razdeleniya blendirovannyh linii izotopov 6Li i 7Li, pokazali, chto dlya vseh ranee opublikovannyh rabot mozhno s bol'shoi uverennost'yu govorit' o sistematicheskoi pereocenke soderzhaniya izotopa 6Li. Po ocenke avtorov, soderzhanie 6Li v atmosfere zvezdy HD 74000 (metallichnost' [Fe/H]=- 2.0 dex) ne prevyshaet odnogo-dvuh procentov ot soderzhaniya izotopa 7Li. Esli rezul'tat podobnogo analiza budet podtverzhden dlya statisticheski znachimogo chisla malometallichnyh zvezd, ischeznet neobhodimost' poiska variantov sinteza 6Li na rannih etapah evolyucii Vselennoi i nablyudatel'noe ogranichenie teorii pervichnogo nukleosinteza budet nadezhno podtverzhdeno.
Authors: Ilian T. Iliev, Paul R. Shapiro , Garrelt Mellema, Ue-Li Pen, Patrick McDonald, J. Richard Bond
Comments: 3 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of First Stars III, Santa Fe, July 2007, AIP Conf. Series
Reionizaciya - sravnitel'no nedolgii etap evolyucii Vselennoi ot momenta obrazovaniya pervyh zvezd na z= 30-40, kogda mezhgalakticheskaya sreda byla polnost'yu neitral'noi i holodnoi, do momenta, sootvetsvuyushego krasnym smesheniyam z=6-7, kogda MGS stala ionizovannoi i goryachei. Progress v ponimanii prirody i svoistv etogo nedostupnogo pryamomu izucheniyu perioda dostignut v poslednie gody blagodarya sovremennym kosmologicheskim nablyudatel'nym proektam i modelirovaniyu perenosa izlucheniya v usloviyah rannei Vselennoi. V zametke Iliana Il'eva dano dostupnoe ne kosmologam izlozhenie osnovnyh faktov o reionizacii. Eta nebol'shaya stat'ya (i glavnoe ssylki v nei) mozhet byt' poleznoi dlya pervogo oznakomleniya s temoi, kotoraya stanovitsya vse bolee i bolee populyarnoi.
Authors: Falk Herwig
Comments: Biermann award 2004 lecture, AG meeting, Prague (2005RvMA...18...21)
"Vtorye zvezdy" - eto svetila, voznikshie srazu posle pervyh. Pervye sostoyali tol'ko iz pervichnogo veshestva, poetomu v osnovnom byli ochen' massivnymi i zhili nedolgo. Seichas takih net (esli, konechno, gde-to ne ostalos' dostatochnoe kolichestvo ploho peremeshannogo gaza). "Vtorye zvezdy" obrazovyvalis' iz uzhe slegka obogashennogo tyazhelymi elementami veshestva. Poetomu oni mogli byt' malomassivnymi, a znachit mogli dozhit' do nashih dnei. T.o., oni yavlyayutsya unikal'nymi "svidetelyami epohi". O tom, chto oni rasskazyvayut nam - v stat'e.
Authors: Paolo Molaro
Comments: talk given at the conference "Pathways Through an Eclectic Universe" Johan Knapen, Terry Mahoney and Alexandre Vazdekis Editors
V paru k predydushemu obzoru mozhno porekomendovat' stat'yu po pervichnomu soderzhaniyu legkih elementov vo vselennoi (sm. takzhe vyshe stat'yu 0708.3819).
Authors: Raphael Bousso
Comments: 39 pages, 3 figures
Obzornye lekcii po kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Obozrevayutsya raznye aspekty, vklyuchaya vozmozhnye puti resheniya problemy v ramkah teorii strun.
Authors: V. I. Dokuchaev, Yu. N. Eroshenko, S. G. Rubin
Comments: 42 pages, 5 figures, review paper
Dan obzor razlichnyh scenariev obrazovaniya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr. Razumeetsya, avtory obsuzhdayut nedostatki razlichnyh scenariev i vozmozhnye puti resheniya imeyushihsya problem.
Authors: Irit Maor, Lawrence Krauss, Glenn Starkman
Comments: 13 pages
Avtory privodyat dostatochno ubeditel'noe rassuzhdenie v pol'zu togo, chto ne stoit vosprinimat' fakt nashego sushestvovaniya kak nechto bezuslovno ob'yasnyayushee velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Naprimer, pri podobnom ob'yasnenii molchalivo predpolagaetsya, chto my yavlyaemsya tipichnymi nablyudatelyami, chto ne ochevidno.
Authors: Massimo Ricotti, Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Katherine J. Mack
Comments: 17 pages (Apj style), 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak nalichie dostatochno massivnyh (ne isparayushihsya) pervichnyh chernyh dyr mozhet vliyat' na svoistva reliktovogo izlucheniya, reionizaciyu i tp. Udaetsya dat' sushestvenno (na poryadki) bolee strogii predel na chernye dyry s massoi bolee 0.1 solnechnoi. Uchet pervichnyh chernyh dyr dostatochno bol'shoi massy mozhet byt' vazhen pri opredelenii kosmologicheskih parametrov (ved' pri takoi procedure vsegda zakladyvaetsya nekotoraya model').
Authors: Mitchell C. Begelman
Comments:5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in "First Stars III", proceedings of the conference in Santa Fe, NM, July 16-20, 2007, eds. B. O'Shea, A. Heger and T. Abel. AIP Conference Proceedings
Avtor rassmatrivaet bystroe formirovanie chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik za schet pryamogo kollapsa gaza (t.e. bez obrazovaniya zvezd). Za schet akkrecii takie dyry bystro narashivayut svoyu massu do neskol'kih tysyach solnechnyh. Eto mozhet pomoch' reshit' problemu bystrogo rosta massy sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr.
Authors: Robert C. Nichol
Comments: Invited review for a special issue of "General Relativity and Gravitation" on Dark Energy, 16 pages
Daetsya obzor togo, chto mogut skazat' o kosmologicheskih parametrah dannye o prostranstvennom raspredelenii galatik. Rassmatrivaetsya trehmernoe raspredelenie galaktik, a takzhe integrirovannyi effekt Saksa-Vol'fa.
Authors: Hiroaki Oyaizu et al.
Comments: 16 pages, 12 figures
Predstavlen katalog krasnyh smeshenii i ego opisanie dlya primerno 77 millionov galaktik v Sloanovskom obzore. Konechno, fotometricheskoe opredelenie krasnyh smeshenii ne slishkom tochnoe, no sravnenie, provedennoe avtorami, pokazyvaet, chto v srednem oshibka priemlema.
Authors: Nikolaos E. Mavromatos
Comments: 49 pages Latex, 25 EPS figures incorporated, uses special macros. Lectures presented at the Lake Louise Winter Institute 2007 (Lake Louise (Canada), February 19-24 2007)
Bol'shoi obzor po kosmomikrofizike i rodstvennym temam. Posle vvodnoi chasti avtor rassmatrivaet, kak astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya mogut dat' ogranicheniya na fizicheskie teorii, i naoborot, kak novye dannye LHC smogut ogranichit' modeli, ispol'zuemye v astrofizike.
Authors: Paolo Tozzi
Comments: 8 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the "Memorie della SAIt", proceedings of the "LI congresso della Societa' Astronomica Italiana", Firenze, April 17-20 2007
V poslednie gody izuchenie skoplenii galaktik v rentgenovskom diapazone stalo odnoi iz goryachih oblastei astrofiziki. Novye sputniki pozvolyayut poluchat' ochen' interesnye dannye (napomnyu, chto samoe sil'no svidetel'stvo sushestvovaniya temnoi materii polucheno s ispol'zovaniem rentgenovskih dannyh po skopleniyam). Krome togo, planiruyutsya novye instrumenty (naprimer, eROSITA na rossiiskom Spektre-RG). Obzor rasskazyvaet o tom, chto sdelano, i pochemu eto interesno.
Voobshe, skopleniya galaktik seichas prityagivayut vnimanie issledovatelei. Sm7, naprimer, stat'i arxiv:0708.0585, posvyashennuyu korrelyacii opticheskih dannyh po skopleniyam galaktik v SDSSS s radiokatalogom, i arxiv:0708.0579, gde izuchaetsya vzaimodeistvie dzhetov so sredoi v skopleniyah galaktik.
Authors: Hooman Davoudiasl
Comments: 4 pages
V astrofizicheskuyu chast' Arhiva otzerkalili maiskuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu lyubopytnoi teme. Rech' idet ob interesnoi koncepcii "nechastic". V dannoi zhe stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kakie ogranicheniya na etu model' mogut dat' astrofizicheskie dannye, i chto tut mozhno voobshe ozhidat'.
Authors: Paul Arthur Navratil, Jarrett L. Johnson, Volker Bromm
Comments: 7 pages, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2007), Nov/Dec 2007.
Dovol'no interesno, kak lyudi pytayutsya optimizirovat' vizualizaciyu rezul'tatov raschetov formirovaniya pervyh zvezd i tp.
Authors: L. P. Grishchuk
Comments: 43 pages including 9 figures, based on an invited lecture at the first J.A.Wheeler School on Astrophysical Relativity, June 2006
Lekciya posvyashena perspektivam obnaruzheniya effektov vozdeistviya reliktovyh (kosmologicheskih) gravitacionnyh voln na fonovoe mikrovolnovoe (t.e. reliktovoe) izluchenie). Po mneniyu avtora uzhe sleduyushee pokolenie eksperimentov (Planck i dr.) smozhet dat' polozhitel'nyi rezul'tat.
Authors: Thomas P Sotiriou, Valerio Faraoni, Stefano Liberati
Comments: 21 pages
Stat'ya budet interesna vsem, kto interesuet sozdaniem novyh teorii gravitacii (osobenno, "na kolenke").
Avtory obsuzhdayut nabor principov, kotoryi nachali obsuzhdat' uzhe desyatki let nazad, kotorye neobhodimy pri popytkah sozdat' novuyu teoriyu gravitacii. Slozhnosti nachinayutsya uzhe s sozdaniem edakogo "rukovodstva po sozdaniyu novyh teorii (dlya chainikov)".
Srazu uzh i ssylka na svezhuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu odnomu iz aspektov rasshirennyh teorii gravitacii: arxiv:0707.2819.
Authors: J. P. Zibin, A. Moss, D. Scott
Comments: 23 pages, 12 figures
Avtory izuchayut budushuyu evolyuciyu reliktovogo fona. Zadacha, na moi vzglyad, chisto akademicheskaya (kakaya nam raznica, kakie karty smogut stroit' v dalekom budushem), no zato opisyvaetsya mnogo interesnoi fiziki.
Authors: J. M. Kovac, D. Barkats
Comments: 8 pages, 23 figure panels and photos, invited review for the Proceedings of the 6th Rencontres du Vietnam 2006
Daetsya obzor proshlyh, nastoyashih i budushih eksperimentov po nablyudeniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya v Antarktide.
Authors: Russell M. Kulsrud, Ellen G. Zweibel
Comments: 64 pages and 6 figures; an invited review for Reports in Physics
Otkuda vzyalis' magnitnye polya - ne yasno. Problema v tom, "chto bylo v samom nachale". Esli est' hot' slabye polya, to pridumano uzhe dostatochno mnogo mehanizmov dlya ih usileniya (o nih tozhe idet rech' v obzore). No otkuda vzyat' zachatochnye (seed) polya? Interesno? Chitaite!
Authors: Daniel J. H. Chung et al.
Comments: 38 pages, 9 figures
Avtory detal'no rassmatrivayut, kak dannye s novyh uskoritelei smogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya proverki teorii temnoi energii i temnogo veshestva. Vyvody na udivlenie optimisticheskie (po-krainei mere dlya energii poryadka 1 GeV).
Authors: Marc Kamionkowski
Comments: Submitted for publication in `Visions of Discovery'' (in honor of Charles Townes), to be published by Cambridge University Press. 53 pages, 13 figures
"Seichas vremya byt' kosmologom," - s takoi frazy nachinaetsya dannyi neplohoi obzor po kosmologii. Mark yavlyaetsya specialistom po reliktovomu izlucheniyu, poetomu ne udivitel'no, chto znachitel'naya chast' obzora tak ili inache svyazana s etoi temoi. Podrobno ob'yasnyaetsya mnogo momentov, osobenno svyazannyh s polyarizaciei relikta. Takzhe podrobno razbiraetsya vopros o temnom veshestve, rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye gipotezy. Zatem, sleduya zagolovku (v kotorom, zamechu, relikta-to ne bylo:) ), avtor perehodit k temnoi energii. Zdes' bol'she privodyatsya dannye nablyudenii, chem razbiraetsya teoriya.
Obzor okazyvaetsya ne ochen' sbalansirovannym, no, povtoryus', pro reliktovyi fon tam rasskazano ochen' horosho. Krome togo, ostal'nye chasti napisany ochen' yasno, nu i informaciya tam svezhaya.
P.S. Zabyl skazat', chto privoditsya horoshii "slovarik", v kotorom kratko
raz'yasneny nekotorye terminy i opisany eksperimenty.
P.P.S. Da! I ssylok pochti 200 shtuk!
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: A. Mahdavi et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Abel' 520 - eto bogatoe skoplenie galaktik na z=0.201. Po dannym o slabom linzirovanii udalos' postroit' raspredelenie massy. Udivitel'naya osobennost' skopleniya takova: u nego est' massivnoe temnoe yadro. Drugie svoistva ne vyzyvayut udivleniya (t.e. nikakoi superekzotiki, na pervyi vzglyad, net). Yadro sovpadaet s maksimumom rentgenovskogo izlucheniya (za nego otvechaet goryachii gaz), a vot galaktik tam - malo.
Authors: Christopher J. Conselice
Comments: Invited review, 12 pages, to appear in "Pathways through an eclectic Universe", J. H. Knapen, T. J. Mahoney, and A. Vazdekis (Eds.), ASP Conf. Ser., 2007
Nebol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi istorii formirovaniya i evolyucii massivnyh galaktik. Soglasno sovremennym vozzreniyam, takie ob'ekty formiruyutsya uzhe na z>2. Posle z poryadka 1 sliyaniya s drugimi krupnymi ob'etami uzhe prakticheski ne proishodyat. Opisyvayutsya osnovnye nablyudatel'nye fakty, podtverzhdayushie etu standartnuyu kartinu.
Authors: A. Klypin, F. Prada
Comments: 7 pages, 2 figures
Poslednie gody idet massirovannaya proverka MOND (modificirovannoi n'yutonovskoi dinamiki) i drugih podobnyh teorii na raznyh astrofizicheskih sistemah. Vse proverki v pol'zu standartnyh teorii. Ne isklyuchenie i novaya rabota. V dannom sluchae po dannym SDSS izuchaetsya dvizhenie sputnikov galaktik. Vse horosho ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu teoriyu, a MOND polnost'yu "provalilas'".
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0706.3703.
Authors: Marta Volonteri, Marek Sikora, Jean-Pierre Lasota
Comments: 9 pages, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Davno uzhe bylo zamecheno, chto v srednem radioizluchenie ot diskovyh galaktik namnogo slabee, chem ot ellipticheskih (rech' idet o krupnyh ellipticheskih galaktikah). Bylo vyskazano predpolozhenie, chto eto mozhet byt' svyazano s tem, chto v ellipticheskih galaktikah central'nye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry bystree vrashayutsya. V dannoi stat'e avtory proveryayut etu ideyu.
V samom dele, raschety pokazyvayut, chto iz-za togo, chto rost mass chernyh dyr v ellipticheskih galaktikah proishodit vo vremya moshnyh epizodov akkrecii, svyazannyh so sliyaniyami s krupnymi galaktikami, a v diskovyh massa dyr rastet iz-za skromnyh epizodov, vrashenie chernyh dyr bystree v ellipticheskih.
Authors: Chernin A.D. et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 1 figure
Rech' konechno zhe idet ne o kakoi-to pryamoi registracii, a o tom, chto udaetsya uvidet' effekt temnoi energii v dinamike galaktik. T.e., uzhe "u nashego poroga", vsego lish' v 1-2 Mpk ot nas, mozhno uvidet', chto dinamika rasshireniya vselennoi opredelyaetsya temnoi energiei.
Eto ne pervaya stat'ya dannoi gruppy po issledovaniyu dinamiki galaktik v Mestnom ob'eme. Krome etogo, avtory issledovali drugie gruppy galaktik. Odnako v etoi rabote predstavlen naibolee polnyi nabor dannyh po issledovaniyam Mestnogo ob'ema po dannym Kosmicheskogo teleskopa.
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0706.4171, gde rech' idet ob analogichnyh izmereniyah, no ne dlya Mestnoi gruppy galaktik, a dlya gruppy M81/M82.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Antonio De Felice, Pia Mukherjee, Yun Wang
Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures, uses RevTeX
Avtory rassmatrivayut, kak dannye nablyudenii mogut dat' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na teorii modificirovannoi gravitacii. Ispol'zuetsya standartnyi nabor kosmologicheskih dannyh: dannye po sverhnovym, po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i po raspredeleniyu galaktik. V pervuyu ochered' rassmatrivayutsya t.n. f(r) teorii gravitacii, kotorye v poslednee vremya aktivno obsuzhdayutsya v literature.
Nekotoryi obzor teorii gravitacii mozhno naiti v svezhem e-printe arxiv:0706.1146.
Drugoi preprint, posvyashennyi ogranicheniyam na f(r) teorii gravitacii: arxiv:0706.2399.
Authors: Katrin Heitmann et al.
Comments: 28 pages, 14 figures
Seichas v mire sushestvuet dostatochno mnogo grupp, zanimayushihsya chislennym modelirovaniem formirovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Dlya vnyatnogo obsuzhdeniya rezul'tatov, poluchennyh etimi gruppami, neobhodimo sravnivat' sami komp'yuternye programmy. Dlya etogo nado provodit' nekotorye standartnye vychisleniya, i detal'no razbirat'sya net li protivorechii v raznyh kodah. Etim uzhe neskol'ko let zanimayutsya. V stat'e predstavleny ocherednye rezul'taty sravneniya. Vrode by vse horosho.
Authors: Kazuya Koyama
Comments: Invited Review for a special Gen. Rel. Grav. issue on Dark Energy, 22 pages, 13 figures
Kak izvestno, voprosy o proishozhdenii temnoi energii ostayutsya pokrytymi mrakom. Odin iz podhodov, ispol'zuemyh pri popytkah resheniya etoi problemy, svyazan s ponyatiem "mira na brane". V stat'e daetsya obzor popytok rassmotreniya prirody temnoi energii v ramkah "mirov na brane". Srazu skazhu, chto formul mnogo.
Bolee prostoi obzor po temnoi energii (no be stol' detal'nogo obsuzhdeniya bran) mozhno naiti v korotkom obzore arxiv:0706.2186.
Authors: Bharat Ratra, Michael S. Vogeley
Comments: 95 pages, invited review article for American Journal of Physics, comments are welcomed by the authors
Ochen' udobnaya vesh' - spisok pochti 700 rabot po kosmologii, razbityh na neskol'ko sekcii. Vnutri mnogie sekcii takzhe strukturirovany. Nekotorye sekcii ili podsekcii predvaryayutsya minivvedeniyami.
Authors: John F. Beacom
Comments: Lectures given at Exploring New Frontiers Using Colliders and Neutrinos (TASI 2006), Boulder, Colorado, 4-30 Jun 2006; 22 pages, 10 figures
Horoshii ponyatnyi obzor po neitrinnoi astronomii (za vychetom solnechnyh neitrino). V osnovnom rassmotreny neitrino ot sverhnovyh, a takzhe neitrinov vysokih energii.
Authors: Volker Bromm, Abraham Loeb
Comments: 24 pages, 9 figures, review to appear in "Gamma-ray Bursts" (CUP)
V literature chasto obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhno ispol'zovat' kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski v kachestve instrumenta dlya kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Po suti, v obzore sobrany vse osnovnye idei v etom klyuche. V osnovnom rech' idet o svyazi zvezd populyacii III s gamma-vspleskami, ob izuchenii tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.
Authors: Piero Madau
Comments: 39 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the XVIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics on "The Emission Line Universe", J. Cepa and F. Sanchez eds., Cambridge University Press
V lekcii sobrano bolee-menee vse, chto nuzhno znat' dlya pervogo (no ser'eznogo) znakomstva s formirovaniem krupnomasshtabnoi struktury, formirovaniem i evolyuciei galaktik i pervymi zvezdami.
V obzore mnogo poleznyh formul i zavisimostei. V obshem, vse ochen' ser'ezno, dostatochno polno i po delu.
Horoshim dopolneniem posluzhit sleduyushii punkt nashei programmy.
Authors: Daniel Schaerer
Comments: 48 pages including figures. Lecture notes to appear in "The emission line Universe", XVIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, Ed. J. Cepa, Cambridge Univ. Press
Eti lekcii posvyasheny pervym galaktikam i zvezdam. Zdes' formul uzhe prakticheski net, zato est' mnogo nablyutel'nyh dannyh i rezul'tatov sravneniya model'nyh raschetov s nablyudeniyami. Tak chto material v samom dele prekrasno dopolnyaet predydushii.
Authors: Chris J. Willott, et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to AJ
Predstavleny svezheotkrytye dalekie kvazary. Sredi nih - samyi dalekii na segodnyashnii den': CFHQS J2329-0301. On nahoditsya na krasnom smeshenii z=6.43 (napomnyu, chto perevod krasnyh smeshenii v rasstoyaniya ili vremya ot bol'shogo vzryva yavlyaetsya model'no zavisimoi proceduroi).
Sm. takzhe novost' na Granyah.
Authors: Hajime Kawahara, Tetsu Kitayama, Shin Sasaki, Yasushi Suto
Comments: 22 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
Odin iz populyarnyh metodov opredeleniya postoyannoi Habbla osnovan na ispol'zvanii effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha. Effekt sostoit vo vzaimodeistvii goryachih elektronov v skopleniyah galaktik s mikrovolnovym fonom. V rezul'tate vzaimodeistviya ot elektronov fotonam peredaetsya energiya. Pole relikovyh fotonov imeet izvestnye harakteristiki. Esli my polagaem, chto stroenie skopleniya nam takzhe izvestno, to po nablyudenii effekta my mozhem opredelit' razmer skopleniya, a sledovatel'no i rasstoyanie do nego.
Neodnokratnye popytki opredeleniya postoyannoi Habbla s pomosh'yu etogo metoda privodili k rezul'tatu, sistematicheski men'shemu, chem po drugim indikatoram. V stat'e avtory analiziruyut prichiny etogo rashozhdeniya. Avtory ispol'zuyut usovershenstvovannuyu model', v kotoroi uchteny razlichnye detali svyazannye s formoi skoplenii, s raspredeleniem veshestva v nih i tp. V itoge sistematicheskoe rashozhdenie udaetsya snyat'.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu rabotu Maksima Markevicha, v kotoroi on issleduet vliyanie obiliya geliya v skopleniyah galaktik na opredelenie rasstoyanii do skoplenii po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha i rentgenovskim dannym.
Opisanie nablyudenii effekta Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha s pomosh'yu novogo priemnika na 32-metrovom teleskope v pol'skom Torune mozhno naiti v stat'e 0705.3336.
Authors: V.V. Flambaum
Comments: Update on variation of fundamental constants. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A and McKellar/Joshi Festschrift proceedings (World Scientific)
Privedena svodka poslednih dannyh po verhnim predelam na variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Razumeetsya, v predelah pogreshnosti nablyudenii vse postoyanno.
Authors: Eric V. Linder
Comments: Resource Letter for AAPT/AJP, 11 pages, 99 references
Avtor predstavlyaet spisok iz pochti 100 ssylok (s kommentariyami) po voprosam temnoi energii i uskoreniya rasshireniya vselennoi.
V korotkoi perspektive eto dovol'no poleznyi material.
Authors: Michael L. Norman et al.
Comments: 22 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Petascale Computing: Algorithms and Applications, Ed. D. Bader, CRC Press LLC (2007)
Podrobno, no ochen' ponyatno (bez massy formul i tp.) opisana komp'yuternaya programma i ee primeneniya dlya kosmologicheskih vychislenii. Rekomenduyu vsem, kto interesuetsya tem, kak provodyatsya moshnye vychisleniya v sovremennoi astrofizike.
Authors: Floor van Leeuwen et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 1 figure, on-line material from mwf@artemisia.ast.uct.ac.za. Accepted for MNRAS
Avtory ispol'zuyut peresmotrennye parallaksy cefeid, poluchennye s pomosh'yu sputnika Gipparkos. Ispol'zuya novye rezul'taty, oni peresmatrivayut rasstoyaniya do galaktik, ispol'zovavshihsya pri ocenke postoyannoi Habbla. V srednem ocenka postoyannoi vozrastaet primenrno na 10 procentov.
Authors: Bruno Binggeli, Tatjana Hascher
Comments: 17 pages, 11 figures - Accepted for publication in PASP (review)
Dovol'no interesnyi obzor, ibo zatragivaet prakticheski vse izvestnye astronomicheskie ob'ekty. Konkretno, avtory rassmatrivayut funkcii mass ob'ektov ot melkih asteroidov do skoplenii galaktik. V ochen' shirokom predele grubo mozhno opisat' "vselenskuyu" funkciyu mass odnim stepennym pokazatelem okolo -2 (sm. ris. 10 na str. 12). Konechno, otkloneniya est', i zachastuyu oni ochen' veliki. No, povtoryus', na moi vzglyad interesen ne kakoi-to konechnyi vyvod o global'noi funkcii mass, a imenno obzor.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Gregory Gabadadze
Comments: 17 pages; based on Carg\se lectures of 2006; to appear in proceedings
Oblast', kotoroi posvyashen obzor, na moi vzglyad dostatochno slozhna. S drugoi storony, avtoru udalos' napisat' tekst, dostupnyi bolee-menee lyubomu studentu-fiziku. Esli formuly na urovne ser'eznyh obshih kursov fiziki i matematiki vas ne smushayut, to est' shans razobrat'sya v dovol'no interesnoi teme.
Otmechu takzhe eshe odin obzor, posvyashennyi leptogenezisu.
Authors:M.J. Jee, et al.
Comments: To appear in the June 1 issue of The Astrophysical Journal.
Po novostyam prokatilos' soobshenie ob obnaruzhenii kol'ca iz temnoi materii. A vot i original'naya stat'ya.
Otmechu, chto neskol'ko dnei nazad poyavilos' drugoe pohozhee soobshenie arxiv:0705.1720. Tam rech' shla o razdelenii vidimogo i temnogo veshestva v gravitacionnoi linze. Linza predstavlyaet soboi kol'co einshteina.
Authors: Tiziana Di Matteo et al.
Comments: 22 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ
Rassmatrivaetsya sovmestnaya evolyuciya galaktik i sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v ramkah standartnoi ierarhicheskoi modeli. Unikal'nost' chislennoi modeli sostoit v tom, chto vse-vse-vse po vozmozhnosti rassmotreno sovmestno.Vrode by, vse osnovnye zakonomernosti i nablyudatel'nye fakty nahodyat svoe mesto v dannoi modeli.
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0705.2238
Authors: Andrei Linde
Comments: 60 pages, 10 figs, based on a talk given at the 22nd IAP Colloquium, "Inflation+25", Paris, June 2006
Bol'shoi i podrobnyi obzor po sovremennym inflyacionnym modelyam.
Napisano vpolne dostupno. Massa ssylok (200). Illyustracii udachno vse dopolnyayut.
Authors: Sheng Wang, Lam Hui, Morgan May, Zoltan Haiman
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Avtory rassmatrivayut vopros o tom, trebuyut li sovremennye nablyudatel'nye kosmologicheskie dannye vvedeniya modificirovannoi gravitacii, ili zhe dostatochno standartnyh predpolozhenii. Issleduyutsya tri parametra: plotnost' temnoi energii, ee uravnenie sostoyaniya (parametr w, ravnyi dlya kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi -1), i evolyuciya temnoi energii - proizvodnaya dw/da. Podhod sostoit v sleduyushem. Raznye dannye, ispol'zuemye v rabote, "chuvstvitel'ny" ili k geometricheskim rasstoyaniyam, ili k rostu struktury. Znachit, effektivno mozhno opredelyat' vse issleduemye parametry ili po geometrii ili po rostu struktury. V standartnom sluchae parametry v oboih podhodah budut odinakovymi, a vot vo mnogih teoriyah s modificirovannoi gravitaciei ravenstva ne budet. Esli v rezul'tate analiza okazhetsya, chto "geometricheskie" i "rostovye" parametry razlichny, to eto budet ser'ezneishim argumentom v pol'zu novoi fiziki. Esli zhe net - to mozhno nalozhit' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na parametry a'ternativnyh teorii.
Rezul'taty raboty govoryat o tom, chto novovvedenii ne trebuetsya. Odnako vazhno ponimat', chto eto ne zakryvaet al'ternativnye teorii v principe. Vo-pervyh, mozhno podgonyat' ih parametry tak, chtoby oni prohodili etot test. A vo-vtoryh, avtory delali nekotorye razumnye uproshayushie predpolozheniya. Veroyatno, chto budut poyavlyat'sya pohozhie raboty, issleduyushie situaciyu bolee detal'no.
Drugoe testirovanie "standartov" provoditsya v stat'e arxiv:0705.0440. V nei avtory ocenivayut chislo sortov neitrino po kompleksu kosmologicheskih dannyh. Tut tozhe vse spokoino. Standartnoe znachenie, ravnoe 3, poka yavlyaetsya nailuchshim.
Authors: S. Caillerie, M. Lachieze-Rey, J.-P. Luminet, R. Lehoucq, A. Riazu
Comments: Submitted to A&A, 5 pages, 4 figures
Lyumine s kollegami proveryayut svoyu model' netrivial'noi topologii vselennoi, ispol'zuya dannye treh let raboty WMAP. Razumeetsya, vse shoditsya.
Sm. takzhe 0705.0332, gde avtory takzhe obsuzhdayut raznye varianty netrivial'noi geometrii.
Authors: R. Battesti et al.
Comments: 38 pages, 26 figures and images, to appear in the Lecture Notes in Physics volume on Axions (Springer Verlag)
Snova "ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti".
Poiski aksiona horosho motivirovany s teoreticheskoi tochki zreniya.
Aksiony pochti navernyaka sushestvuyut (naprimer, oni "dostovernee" neitralino).
S drugoi storony, ne yasno, okazhutsya li oni vazhnymi dlya kosmologii. Teoretiki
dayut raznye vozmozhnosti.
Obzor v osnovnom posvyashen imenno eksperimental'nym poiskam, poetomu, dumayu, mnogim budet interesno.
Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 14 pages, invited talk given at "More geometrico" Conference, 3-4 may 2005, Milano University (Italy), to be published in Proceedings "New Trends in Geometry, and Its Role in the Natural and Life Sciences", eds. C. Bartocci, L. Boi & C. Sinigaglia, Elsevier
Rassmotren matematicheskii aspekt klassifikacii vozmozhnyh vselennyh. Nablyudatel'nye testy obsuzhdayutsya v osnovnom v kontekste rezul'tatov WMAP po reliktovomu fonu. Razumeetsya, avtor govorit o zashishaemoi im modeli.
Authors: Jerome Martin
Comments: 49 pages, 6 figures, to appear in a LNP volume "Inflationary Cosmology"
Avtor nazyvaet svoi obzor "pedagogicheskim vvedeniem v teoriyu inflyacionnyh kosmologicheskih kvantovo-mehanicheskih vozmushenii". Eto "obzor ne dlya vseh": v nem okolo 200 neprostyh formul. Tak chto pedagogicheskii harakter sostoit v tom, chto vvedenie deistvitel'no podrobnoe, no vse eto dlya teh, kto real'no zanimaetsya sootvestvuyushei naukoi, provodya real'nye raschety.
Authors: R. Bernabei
Comments: 14 pages, Contributed paper to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (NDBD07), Ahmedabad (India), February 2007
"Ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti" (s)
V stat'e opisany prodolzhayushiesya poiski redkih sobytii v podzemnom
eksperimente DAMA v Italii. Nablyudeniya prodolzhayutsya, no nadezhdy, esli
chestno, ne ochen' mnogo. Hotya, predely vse vremya uluchshayutsya, i dlya
ogranichenii na fantaziyu teoretikov eto vse ochen' vazhno.
Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 15 pages, pdf only. Invited talk at conference "Antropogenesi : Dall'energia al fenomeno umano", 19-21 october, Portogruaro (Italy). To appear in Proceedings, eds. A. Pavan, E. Magno
Eshe odin obzor ot Zhana-P'era Lyumine. Na etot raz on posvyashen istorii razvitiya kosmologicheskih teorii.
Nachinaetsya vse s 1917 goda i proslezhivaetsya do samogo poslednego vremeni. Osoboe vnimanie avtor udelyaet ideyam Lemetra, kotorye, na vzglyad Lyumine, vo mnogom nedooceneny.
Authors: Eric V. Linder
Comments: 15 pages, 6 figures, review article for General Relativity and Gravitation
V sovremennyh kosmologicheskih teoriyah uchenye ne prosto ispol'zuyut "kosmologicheskuyu postoyannuyu", no igrayut s parametrami temnoi energii, chto privodit k razlichnym netrivial'nym variantam dinamiki rasshireniya. Obzoru vseh etih igr i ogranicheniyam, nalagaemym nablyudeniyami na eti ekzersisy, i posvyashen obzor.
Authors: James M. Cline
Comments: 14 pages, 2 figures, invited review talk given at "From Strings to LHC," International Center, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 2-10 Jan. 2007
Ser'eznyi (ne dlya postoronnih) obzor osnovnyh kosmologicheskih modelei dlya mira na brane.
Authors: Simon D.M. White
Comments: Essay commissioned for publication in Reports on Progress in Physics. 19 pages including 3 figures
Strannyi tekst, no zasluzhivaet prochteniya, otchasti imenno iz-za neozhidannogo vzglyada na veshi.
Osnovnaya mysl' avtora sostoit v tom, chto soyuz astronomii i fiziki vysokih energii v dele izucheniya temnoi energii mozhet byt' razrushitelen dlya astronomii (ob etom nizhe). Krome togo, avtor predosteregaet ot vlozheniya ochen' bol'shih sredstv v izuchenie temnoi energii (rech' idet, vidimo, v pervuyu ochered' o planiruemyh sputnikah).
Avtor detal'no rassmatrivaet razlichiya v podhodah k issledovaniyu, prinyatyh v astrofizike i v fizike vysokih energii. Sliyanie astrofiziki i fiziki vysokih energii, po mneniyu avtora, mozhet privesti k tomu, chto effektivnye astrofizicheskie principy organizacii issledovanii (rech' v pervuyu ochered' idet o krupnyh poektah, v osnovnom kosmicheskih) mozhet byt' neobratimo izmenen. V itoge, astrofizika izmenitsya nastol'ko, chto mozhet perestat' byt' stol' prityagatel'noi i effektivnoi, kakoi ona yavlyaetsya seichas.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: A. D. Chernin et al.
Comments: 16 pages
Ocherednaya stat'ya gruppy Karachenceva, Chernina i dr. Ideya sostoit vot v chem. Blagodarya nalichiyu bol'shogo vklada temnoi energii uzhe na strukturah masshtaba Mestnoi gruppy galaktik mozhno obnaruzhivat' effekty rasshireniya Vselennoi. Razmer Mestnoi gruppy chut' bol'she 1 Mpk, a kriticheskii radius, vyshe kotorogo temnaya energiya nachinaet dominirovat', sostavlyaet (dlya massy nashei gruppy) neskol'ko sot kiloparsek. T.o., dlya dalekih chlenov Mestnoi gruppy mozhno zametit' rasshirenie. Avtory krasivo nazyvali eto "habblovskii potok u nashego poroga". Teper' avtory pokazali nalichie effekta na primere drugoi gruppy galaktik, analogichnoi Mestnoi.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss, Robert J. Scherrer
Comments: 8 pages, submitted to 2007 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition
Sobstvenno, eto ne original'naya stat'ya, a "esse na temu". Osnovnaya mysl' ego prosta i ponyatna. My zhivem k zamechatel'nuyu (pravda, dlinnuyu) epohu, kogda mozhno izuchat' kosmologiyu. V dalekom budushem, esli vselennaya budet takzhe uskorenno rasshiryat'sya, my budem videt' lish' nash "obitaemyi ostrov", a dal'nyaya vselennaya budet nedostupna dazhe dlya nablyudenii.
Poskol'ku esse napisano ochen' yasno, to ya i obrashayu na nego vashe vnimanie.
Authors: Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde
Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures
Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak budushie nablyudeniya reliktovogo izlucheniya (v pervuyu ochered', registraciya sledov tenzornyh vozmushenii) mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya proverki (t.e. dlya postanovki ogranichenii) strunnyh teorii.
Authors: Paul H. Frampton
Comments: 63 pages latex
Srazu skazhu, Pol Frempton - dostatochno izvestnyi i kompetentnyi uchenyi. Poetomu dannoe esse (po suti, predstavlyaemyi tekst yavlyaetsya nebol'shoi nauchno-populyarnoi knigoi) vpolne zasluzhivaet prochteniya. Avtor zadaetsya "vechnym" voprosom o prirode vremeni.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Nicola Bartolo et al.
Comments: 53 pages, LaTeX file. Lectures given by S.M. at Les Houches Summer School - Session 86: Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Fabric of Spacetime, Les Houches, France, 31 Jul - 25 Aug 2006. To appear in the Proceedings
V lekcii privoditsya podrobnyi vyvod uravnenii, pozvolyayushih rasschityvat' evolyuciyu anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya. Soderzhanie ochen' tehnicheskoe. Tem ne menee, dlya specialistov budet ochen' polezno i interesno.
Authors: Nick Mavromatos, Mairi Sakellariadou
Comments: 5 pages
S odnoi storony, nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik dali stol' sil'nye argumenty v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii, chto sporit' s etim vse slozhnee i slozhnee. S drugoi storony, "za borodu" chasticy temnoi materii ne poimany, znachit, po merkam teorii elementarnyh chastic i analogichnyh ei, kotorye privykli bazirovat'sya na dannyh laboratornyh (uskoritel'nyh i tp.) eksperimentov, eshe nichego okonchatel'no ne dokazano. Pri etom, blagodarya rabote Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya (MOND) perezhila vtoroe rozhdenie posle poyavleniya teorii TeVeS. Teoreticheskaya privlekatel'nost' poslednei ochen' velika, nesmotrya na to, chto, vo-pervyh, est' dannye nablyudenii, kotorye MOND bez uhishrenii opisat' ne mozhet, a vo-vtoryh, dlya TeVeS net, kak govoryat, mikrofizicheskoi motivacii. Vot razresheniyu poslednei problemy i posvyashena stat'ya.
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto teorii tipa TeVeS mogut voznikat' v nekotoryh variantah teorii strun. Takzhe avtory obsuzhdayut, kak neitrino mogut igrat' rol' v poyavlenii temnoi energii.
Takzhe otmechu, chto na pervoi stranicy privedeno ochen' udachnoe, kak mne pokazalos', opisanie TeVeS.
Authors: M. L. McClure, C. C. Dyer
Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures, to be published in New Astronomy
Skazhu srazu, na moi vzglyad, rezul'tat nuzhdaetsya v proverke i podtverzhdenii. Krome togo, eto imenno nablyudatel'nyi rezul'tat. Vopros o ego interpretacii - eto voobshe otdel'noe delo.
Itak, avtory obnaruzhili anizotropiyu v rasshirenii vselennoi. Konkretno, obnaruzheny variacii postoyannoi Habbla na urovne 9 km/s/Mpk na masshtabah 10-20 gradusov. Rezul'tat poluchen po galaktikam, nahodyashimsya dal'she nashego sverhskopleniya. (Vnutri nashego sverhskopleniya anizotropiya, konechno, tozhe est', no tut eto vse estestvenno i ozhidaemo).
V zaklyuchenii stat'i avtory podcherkivayut, chto voobshe govorya, takaya anizotropiya - eto takzhe ozhidaemyi rezul'tat. Esli ona i vpryam' sushestvuet na urovne poryadka 10 km/s/Mpk, to eto ob'yasnyaet, pochemu raznye proekty ne mogut "dogovorit'sya" o znachenii postoyannoi Habbla na tom zhe urovne tochnosti.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Massimo Giovannini
Comments: 179 pages, 27 figures
Obrazovanie v raznyh stranah ustroeno po-raznomu. U nas aspiranty poka kak pravilo "proslushivayut" nekii filosofskii kurs, podtyagivayut angliiskii (kotorym k aspiranture pora by vladet' horosho) - i vse. Seichas obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, ne nuzhno li aspirantam chitat' special'nye kursy. Koe-gde ih uzhe i chitayut. Chitayut ih i v drugih stranah, naprimer v Italii.
Odnako, chitat' - malo. Horosho by oformlyat' lecture notes i vykladyvat' ih v dostupnoe mesto. Imenno tak i postupil Massimo Dzhiovannini so svoim kursom po fizike reliktovogo izlucheniya.
Authors: George F R Ellis
Comments: 6 pages; to appear in the GRG Journal
Korotkaya zametka, soderzhashaya nekotoryi obshii podhod k kritike
kosmologicheskih teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta.
Avtor ukazyvaet nekotorye klyuchevye voprosy, na kotorye chetko dolzhna otvechat'
lyubaya teoriya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta:
1. Kak v teorii vyglyadit procedura izmereniya rasstoyanii?
2. Kak v teorii opisyvaetsya sobstvennoe vremya (t.e., kak izmereniya vremeni i
koordinat svyazany s metrikoi)?
3. Vsyakaya teoriya, v kotoroi izmenyaetsya predel'naya skorost', yavlyaetsya ne
lorenc-invariantnoi. Znachit, nado chetko opisyvat', chto poluchaetsya
vzamen.
4. Teoriya, v kotoroi skorost' fotonov peremenna, dolzhna predlozhit'
al'ternativu uravneniyam Maksvella.
5. Nakonec, teoriya dolzhna chetko demonstrirovat' svoyu soglasovannost', chtoby
skorost' sveta odinakovym obrazom vela sebya v raznyh uravneniyah. T.e.,
nel'zya ogranichivat'sya rassmotreniem kakih-to otdel'nyh effektov.
Authors: Evgeny I. Buchbinder, Justin Khoury, Burt A. Ovrut
Comments: 40 pages, 4 figures.
Predstavlena novaya model' rannei vselennoi k ramkah ekpiroticheskogo scenariya.
Authors: M. Gasperini, G. Veneziano
Comments: 29 pages, three figures. Contribution to the book: "Beyond the Big Bang", ed. by Ruediger Vaas (Frontier Collection Series, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2007)
Polupopulyarnyi tekst, posvyashennyi osobennostyam modelei kosmologii rannei vselennoi v ramkah teorii strun.
Authors: Eric V. Linder
Comments: News & Views, Nature 445, 273 (2007)
Navernoe v ideale tak dolzhny vyglyadet' vse soobsheniya v obzorah. Kak izvestno, Nature v kazhdom nomere publikuet populyarnoe korotkoe izlozhenie (s kommentariyami) vazhnyh rezul'tatov, opublikovannyh v tom zhe nomere. V dannom sluchae rech' idet o rezul'tatah proekta COSMOS. Ne budu pereskazyvat' soderzhanie, tem bolee chto tam vsego odna stranica. Sut' v tom, chto kosmologi poluchayut vse bolee i bolee tochnye karty raspredeleniya temnogo veshestva vo vselennoi, chto ne mozhet ne radovat'.
Authors: J. R. Brownstein, J. W. Moffat
Comments: 25 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables
Avtory opyat' pytayutsya pokazat', chto dannye po stalkivayushimsya skopleniyam galaktik mozhno interpretirovat' bez gipotezy o temnom veshestve.
Ya dumayu, chto argumenty avtorov ne verny, i tem ne menee, stat'ya dostatochno polezna, poskol'ku napisana ochen' kvalificirovannymi uchenymi i po delu. T.o., eto horoshaya illyustraciya togo, kak neprosto delat' sovremennuyu astrofiziku, gde u nas v rukah est' tol'ko dannye nablyudenii, kotorye nuzhno kak-to interpretirovat'.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Comments: 6 pages, Invited Review talk, Neutrino 2006.
Korotkii i, na moi vgzlyad, ochen' tolkovyi obzor po kandidatam v temnuyu materiyu. Kompaktno i yasno izlozheno, kakie chatsicy mogut yavlyat'sya horoshimi kandidatami, a kakie - net (i pochemu).
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: 7 pages, Popular level review, to appear in "Physica Plus" magazine, Vol. 8; a modified version with original artwork appeared in Scientific American, 295, 46, 2006
Stat'ya posvyashena "temnomu periodu" v zhizni vselennoi. Eta epoha sootvetstvuet promezhutku mezhdu epohoi rekombinacii (o kotoroi my znaem blagodarya izucheniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya) i vremenem poyavleniya pervyh galaktik.
Authors: Renata Kallosh
Comments: 38 pages, 8 figures. Based on an invited talk at "Inflation + 25", 22nd IAP Colloquim, Paris (June 2006). To be published in the Proceedings (Springer Lecture Notes, 2007)
Podrobnyi (i dovol'no ponyatnyi) obzor, posvyashennyi zayavlennoi tematike.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss, Glenn D. Starkman
Comments: 4 pages
Esli temnaya materiya sostoit iz slabovzaimodeistvuyushih chastic (WIMP), to eti chasticy annigiliruyut drug s drugom (estestvenno, chasticy i antichasticy). T.o., v otdalennom budushem temnoi materii budet stanovit'sya men'she. Eto mozhet vliyat' na svoistva ryada ob'ektov, naprimer, na karlikovye sputniki galaktik. Harakter etogo vliyaniya i obsuzhdaetsya avtorami.
Razumeetsya, vremya, kogda takoi process stanet dinamicheski vazhnym, chudovishno veliko (zavedomo posle 2008 goda). Krome togo, esli est' temnaya energiya tipa lyambda-chlena, to i bez annigilyacii temnoi materii vse razletitsya. Tem ne menee, ne lishne znat', chto v tom sluchae, esli v budushem materiya opyat' stanet dominirovat' (naprimer, vklad temnoi energii budet umen'shat'sya), to vse ravno budushee (dazhe bez temnoi materii i temnoi energii) ne takoe uzh i svetloe. Skopleniya galaktik raspadutsya, sputniki galaktik razletyatsya, a vse iz-za annigilyacii chastic temnoi materii.
Authors: C. Bambi, A.D. Dolgov
Comments: 12 pages, no figures
Avtory rassmatrivayut vozmozhnye nablyudatel'nye proyavleniya ob'ektov iz antiveshestva v nashei Galaktike.
Yasno, chto kogda my govorim ob otsutstvii antiveshestva, my imeem vvidu, chto ego "men'she, chem nekotoroe kolichestvo, kotoroe uzhe zametili by". Zametili by, veroyatnee vsego, po gamma-izlucheniyu, voznikayushemu v rezul'tate annigilyacii. Tak chto, kak eto chasto byvaet, my "nikogda ne govorim nikogda", a prosto stavim verhnie predely.
S nablyudatel'noi tochki zreniya situaciya seichas horoshaya: est' ser'eznye gamma-teleskopy, v samom skorom vremeni poletyat gamma-observatorii GLAST i AGILE, seichas na orbite rabotaet eksperiment PAMELA, prednaznachennyi dlya poiska antiyader, skoro dolzhen byt' zapushen AMS. AMS - eto eshe bolee krupnyi, chem PAMELA magnitnyi spektrometr, kotoryi dolzhny ustanovit' na MKS. No, poskol'ku ves' grafik MKS sbilsya, vvod v stroi AMS vse vremya otkladyvaetsya. T.o., v blizhaishem budushem mozhno ozhidat' kakih-to otkrytii, ili, skoree vsego, eshe bolee zhestkih predelov.
Rezyume avtorov, estestvenno, ne soderzhit nikakih zhestkih utverzhdenii. V Galaktike est' mesto dlya nekotorogo kolichestva ob'ektov iz antiveshestva. Odnako poka nikakih sil'nyh argumentov v pol'zu ih sushestvovaniya net, a nablyudeniya dayut vse bolee strogie verhnie predely.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Jacob D. Bekenstein
Comments: Pedagogical introduction to MOND and review of modern developments. To appear shortly in Contemporary Physics; LaTeX with 6 figures, 15 pages
Pozhalui, imenno blagodarya rabotam (i avtoritetu) Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya gravitaciya stala v poslednie gody ves'ma populyarnoi, tochnee rech' idet o podhode, predlozhennom samim Bekenshteinom i nazyvaemom TeVeS.
V stat'e daetsya pdrobnyi i v meru dostupnyi obzor vo vsyu etu tematiku. Vsem interesuyushimsya nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Ariel G. Sanchez, Carlton M. Baugh
Comments: To appear in Astronomical Society of The Pacific conference series: Cosmic Frontiers
Zagolovok obmanchiv: rech' ne idet o bol'shom obzore, posvyashennom poslednim dannym po kosmologii. Avtory lish' predstavlyayut rezul'taty sobstvennogo sovmestnogo analiza dannyh po reliktovomu izlucheniyu i krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. V osnovnom ispol'zovany dannye WMAP3 i 2dFGRS, hotya dannye po reliktu dopolneny za schet drugih eksperimentov. Interesno, chto, esli zamenit' dannye 2dFGRS na dannye SDSS, to rezul'tat sushestvenno plyvet. Po mneniyu avtorov eto svyazano s tem, chto v Sloanovskom obzore v r-fil'tre nablyudayutsya v osnovnom sil'no skuchennye krasnye galaktiki. Tem ne menee, nikakoi sensacii net, parametry bolee-menee stabil'ny.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Nicolao Fornengo
Comments: 18 pages, 20 figures. Invited talk at the 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Beijing, China, 16-23 July 2006
Dostatochno prostoi, no podrobnyi obzor po poiskam temnoi materii. Opisany kak pryamye (laboratornye) metody i proekty, tak i kosvennye (astronomicheskie) podhody. Privodyatsya poslednie dannye po verhnim predelam na svoistva chastic temnoi materii.
Authors: Richard S Ellis
Comments: To appear in irst Light in Universe', Saas-Fee Advanced Course 36, Swiss Soc. Astrophys. Astron. in press. 115 pages, 64 figures (see this http URL for hi-res figs.)
Neskol'ko lekcii, posvyashennyh, v osnovnom, poslednim dannym po nablyudeniyam galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.
Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Stanislaw Bajtlik, Jean-Pierre Lasota, Audrey Moudens
Comments: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Acta Astronomica
V ocherednoi raz obsuzhdayutsya osnovy kosmologii, svyazannye s rasshireniem Vselennoi. Vsem sovetuyu prochest'.
Sobstvenno, avtory ob'yasnyayut, kak mozhno razlichit' rasshirenie prostranstva ot razleta chastic "po prostranstvu". Avtory polagayut, chto im est' chto dobavit' k rassuzhdeniyam Tamary Devis (odnako ssylayutsya tol'ko na ee stat'yu v Scientific American, no ne ssylayutsya na ee raboty v astro-ph, a takzhe na stat'i drugih avtorov, v pervuyu ochered' Kianga. Ya zhe, pol'zuyas' sluchaem, soshlyus' na nashu stat'yu v "Vokrug sveta").
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: N. Scoville et al.
Comments: 22 pages, 3 figures
Stat'ya rasskazyvaet o proekte COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey). V ramkah dannogo issledovaniya izuchayutsya svoistva galaktik na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Ploshad' issleduemoi ploshadki sostavlyaet okolo 2 kvadratnyh gradusov. Nablyudeniya provodyatsya vo vseh diapazone: ot radio do zhestkogo rentgena.
Podrobnee o proekte i ego rezul'tatah mozhno prochest' v soputstvuyushih stat'yah astro-ph/0612291, astro-ph/0612295, astro-ph/0612306, astro-ph/0612311, astro-ph/0612314 i dr. (proektu COSMOS posvyashen special'nyi vypusk Astrophysical Journal Supplements, poetomu razom v Arhive poyavilos' mnozhestvo statei).
Authors: James M. Cline
Comments: 47 pages, 17 figures; based on lectures given at Sheffield University Summer Institute, June 2006, and Les Houches Ecole de Physique, August 2006
Vvedenie v strunnuyu kosmologiyu. Nesmotrya na "vvodnost'" tekst taki dovol'no neprostoi.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0612337, posvyashennuyu blizkoi tematike.
Authors: Richard W. Schnee
Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Proceedings of SUSY06, the 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, UC Irvine, California, 12-17 June 2006
Korotkii, no soderzhatel'nyi obzor po metodam pryamogo (laboratornogo) poiska chastic temnoi materii. Opisyvayutsya i konkretnye eksperimenty i ih rezul'taty.
Authors: Kate Land, Joao Magueijo
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to MNRAS
Blagodarya gromkomu nazvaniyu pervaya rabota etih avtorov poluchila bol'shuyu izvestnost'. Rech' idet o poiskah vydelennyh napravlenii po dannym o reliktovom izluchenii. Nezavisimyi analiz ranee pokazal, chto pervonachal'nyi entuziazm pervootkryvatelei Osi byl chrezmernym. Odnako avtory ne sdayutsya i prodolzhayut nastaivat' na real'nosti poluchennyh imi rezul'tatov.
Authors: Rennan Barkana, Abraham Loeb
Comments: 36 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics (Invited Review)
Issledovaniya mezhgalakticheskoi sredy (MGS) ochen' vazhny, t.k. ona neset na sebe otpechatok rannei istorii vselennoi. Odnako MGS - ochen' slozhnyi ob'ekt dlya izucheniya. V obzore avtory summiruyut nashe znanie o MGS i rassuzhdayut o tom, chto i kak mozhno eshe uznat' izuchaya ee.
Sm. takzhe astro-ph/0611637, gde obsuzhdaetsya vopros ob obogashenii MGS tyazhelymi elementami.
Authors: F. A. Rasio et al.
Comments: 29 pages, proceedings of IAU JD06, to appear in Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 14, ed. K. A. van der Hucht
Eto svoego roda obzor dokladov po astrofizike neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr v plotnyh zvezdnyh skopleniyah (v osnovnom, sharovyh), baziruyushiisya na priglashennyh dokladah na odnoi iz sessii general'noi assamblei MAS.
Authors: Myriam Gitti et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of "Heating vs. Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies", August 2006, Garching (Germany)
Zhelayushie pochitat' original'nyi material po etoi novosti priglashayutsya.
Sut' tam takova, chto moshnoe aktivnoe yadro galaktiki vybrasyvaet strui dostatochnoi moshnosti, chtoby sushestvenno vliyat' na svoe okruzhenie v skoplenii galaktik.
Authors: Halton Arp
Comments: 3 pages
Ne stareyut dushoi veterany!
Kak vse pomnyat, Berbidzhi i Arp aktivno protivostoyat standartnoi (i, kak ya dumayu, mozhno utverzhdat', vernoi) interpretacii krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov. No vot, zameshalis' eshe kakie-to gamma-vspleski. Tozhe bol'shie krasnye smesheniya u nih ... I ih tuda zhe! Skazhem, chto gamma-vspleski i porozhdayutsya kvazarami!
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: S.-H. Henry Tye
Comments: 29 pages, 8 figures. An introduction and review
Ne slishkom navorochennyi obzor po inflyacii v strunnoi teorii. Teoriya mozhet i ne verna, no obzor polistat' mozhno.
Authors: John A. Peacock et al.
Comments: ESA-ESO Working Groups Report No. 3, 132 pages, 28 figures. A printed version (A5 booklet) is available in limited numbers from the Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF): stdesk@eso.org
Sovetuyu prochest' etot tekst, hotya on i bol'shoi. Po-krainei mere, ya ego uzhe raspechatal. On soderdit v sebe dostatochno polnyi obzor sovremennoi kosmologii, a takzhe spisok osnovnyh problem, opisanie metodov ih vozmozhnogo resheniya. Razumeetsya, ne oboideny vnimanie budushie krupnye proekty v nablyudatel'noi kosmologii.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Varun Sahni, Alexei Starobinsky
Comments: 27 pages, 7 figures; Invited review for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style
V nastoyashee vremya temnaya energiya igraet klyuchevuyu rol' v dinamike rasshireniya Vselennoi. Odnako tak bylo ne vsegda.
Nablyudeniya uzhe, v principe, pozvolyayut sdelat' nekotorye vyvody o povedenii temnoi energii v proshlom. Rekonstrukcii istorii temnoi energii i posvyashen dannyi obzor.
Na moi vzglyad, obzor napisan dostatochno ponyatno, ne zaumno. T.o., on mozhet byt' polezen ne tol'ko uzkim specialistam, no i vsem, kto na dostatochno vysokom urovne interesuetsya sovremennoi kosmologiei.
Authors: Enrique Martinez-Gonzalez
Comments: 42 pages, 14 figures
Obzor po anizotropii reliktovogo fona. Ochen' aktual'no v svyazi s vrucheniem nobelya za COBE. Otmechu, chto v obzore net ssylok na rezul'taty "Relikta", chto nekorrektno.
Authors: Roberto Trotta, Glenn Starkman
Comments: 8 pages
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto ob'yasnit' nablyudaemoe znachenie kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v antropnom podhode ne udaetsya.
Drugaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya antropnomu principu, poyavilas' v hep-th. V nei entuziast antropnogo podhoda polemiziruet so skeptikami.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: J. Anthony Tyson, for the LSST Collaboration
Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at CIPANP 2006, 9th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics, May 30-June 3, 2006, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico
LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) nachnet svob rabotu v 2013 godu. Eto nazemnyi vos'mimetrovyi teleskop s bol'shim polem zreniya. Kak i u vseh instrumentov etogo tipa (nachinaya s 8-mi santimetrovyh) spisok ego zadach ves'ma shirok: ot malyh tel solnechnoi sistemy do kosmologii. V dannoi stat'e rech' idet imenno o poslednei.
Nablyudeniya mnozhestva slabyh galaktik pozvolyat poluchit' vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Eto, v svoyu ochered', pozvolit luchshe ponyat' svoistva temnoi materii i temnoi energii.
Authors: Edward L. Wright
Comments: 8 pages with 1 included figure.
Opisan poleznyi setevoi resurs, pozvolyayushii pereschityvat' raznye populyarnye velichiny drug v druga dlya raznyh kosmologicheskih parametrov. Vse sovetuyu prochest' i poigrat'sya.
Kosmologicheskii kal'kulyator
Vremya
"puteshestviya" svetovogo lucha
Prodvinutaya versiya kal'kulyatora.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Orfeu Bertolami
Comments: Chapter in the book Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World to be published in the Springer series Fundamental Theories of Physics. Volume Editor: Vesselin Petkov. 18 pages plus macros; updated references
Interesnoe chtenie dlya teh, kto ser'ezno interesuetsya sovremennym sostoyaniem izucheniya svoistv prostranstva-vremeni. Stat'ya nachinaetsya s istoricheskogo vvedeniya, no dazhe ono uzhe soderzhit formuly. Tak chto eto ne legkoe chtivo. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno sovremennym rabotam, sootvetstvenno, daetsya dostatochno mnogo ssylok.
Authors: D.R. Ballantyne et al.
Comments: 27 pages, 17 figures (12 in color), accepted by the ApJ
Rentgenovskii fon sozdaetsya v osnovnom vnegalakticheskimi istochnikami - aktivnymi yadrami galaktik (AYaG). Eti ob'ekty aktivno izuchayutsya metodom populyacionnogo sinteza. V osnove lezhit t.n. edinaya model', v kotoroi raznica mezhdu raznymi AYaG ob'yasnyaetsya v osnovnom massoi chernoi dyry. A dlya opisaniya razlichnyh nablyudatel'nyh proyavlenii ispol'zuyutsya effekty orientacii: smotrim li my perpendikulyarno pogloshayushemu toru vokrug chernoi dyry, ili zhe luch zreniya lezhit vblizi ploskosti tora i t.p.
V standartnoi edinoi modeli v nulevom priblizhenii schitaetsya, chto parametry AYaG ne evolyucioniruyut so vremenem. Odnako yasno, chto evolyuciya dolzhna byt', i v modifikaciyah modeli ee kak-to pytayutsya uchityvat'. V svoei stat'e avtory delayut sleduyushee. Oni ispol'zuyu dannye populyacionnogo modelirovaniya rentgenovskogo fona dlya predskazaniya svetimostei v infrakrasnom diapazone. Zatem rezul'taty sravnivayutsya s dannymi, poluchennymi na Spitcere. Avtory polagayut, chto imenno sravnenie raschetov s dannymi Spitcera pozvolit nalozhit' sushestvennye ogranicheniya na modeli evolyucii torov vokrug chernyh dyr v AYaG.
Authors: L. Tresse et al.
Comments: Submited to A&A, 20 pages, 12 figures
Po dannym o pochti 12 000 spektrah galaktik avtory vosstanavlivayut povedenie tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya dlya epohi ot krasnogo smesheniya 5 do nashego vremeni. Avtory vydelyayut neskol'ko epoh s raznoi evolyuciei tempa zvezdoobrazovaniem (otmechu, chto rech' idet o nablyudeniyah na dvuh ploshadkah v dvuh napravleniyah).
Pokazano izmenenie tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya so vremenem. Novye dannye, opisannye v stat'e pokazany krasnymi kruzhkami.
Authors: Garry W. Angus et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure
Avtory anliziruyut dannye po stalkivayushimsya skopleniyam v ramkah standartnoi OTO i MOND. Pokazano, chto temnaya materiya neobhodima. No takoi zhe vyvod mozhno sdelat' i po drugim dannym o skopleniyah, a takzhe po dannym o reliktovom izluchenii. Minimal'nym kompromissom dlya priemlemosti MOND yavlaetsya dobavlenie neitrino s massoi poryadka 2 eV. T.e. narod pytaetsya ob'yasnit' dannye bez "ekzoticheskoi temnoi materii" (neitralino i t.p.), no v ramkah MOND.
O perspektivah pryamogo poiska chastic temnoi materii v laboratoriyah i ob ih svyazi s budushimi ukoritel'nymi eksperimentami mozhno pochitat' zdes': astro-ph/0609126.
Authors: Douglas Clowe et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Zagolovok zvuchit kak zayavka na nobelevku.... Novost' uzhe neskol'ko dnei mussiruetsya v SMI. Populyarnoe izlozhenie legko naiti v Seti, nachat' luchshe s press-reliza NASA.
V stat'e predstavleny nablyudeniya na teleskope im. Habbla, provedennye s cel'yu vosstanovleniya raspredeleniya massy v skoplenii metodom slabogo linzirovaniya.
Eta stat'ya soprovozhdaetsya rabotoi toi zhe gruppy avtorov, posvyashennoi tomu zhe skopleniyu: astro-ph/0608408.
Detal'noe opisanie rezul'tatov ya postarayus' dat' v ocherednoi ANKe.
Authors: Rennan Barkana
Comments: 8 Latex pages, 3 Figures, Science, 313 (2006) 931-934, Invited Review
Tradicionno v Science publikuyutsya dostatochno populyarnye, no pri etom vpolne strogie obzory aktual'nyh problem. Etot posvyashen poyavleniyu pervyh zvezd vo Vselennoi i ih roli v reionizacii veshestva na krasnyh smesheniyah poryadka 10-20.
Authors: J. W. Moffat
Comments: 8 pages, one figure
Razumeetsya, posle rassmotrennogo vyshe rezul'tata po raspredeleniyu massy v slivayushemsya skoplenii galaktik storonniki modificirovannoi gravitacii brosilis' na zashitu svoih pozicii.
Avtor pokazyvaet, chto vsyakie MOND-teorii v samom dele okazyvayutsya zakrytymi, no vot predlozhennaya samim Moffatom MOG-teoriya mozhet ob'yasnit' nablyudaemye dannye. Chudny dela tvoi, Gospodi!.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0608681
Authors: Roberto Trotta, Richard Bower
Comments: 9 pages, no figures. Review article to appear in "Astronomy and Geophyiscs"
Hotya Monti Paiton v lice Braiana i prizyvali nas smotret' na svetluyu storonu zhizni, tem ne menee nado pomnit' i o temnoi storone...
Odnako ne stoit toropit'sya delat' mrachnoe lico, v dannom sluchae rech' idet vsego lish' ob issledovanii temnoi energii. Avtory dayut detal'nyi obzor tipov nablyudenii, kotorye mogut dat' kakuyu-to vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah etogo komponenta vselennoi. Takzhe rassmatrivayutsya konkretnye proekty, kotorye v blizhaishee vremya dolzhny prolit' svet na temnuyu storonu.
See you on the dark side of the Moon.
And there is no dark side of the Moon really.
Authors: Steven V. W. Beckwith, et al.
Comments: 44 pages, 18 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journal October 2006
Predstavleny rezul'taty glubokogo snimka, poluchennogo na Kosmicheskom teleskope. Ekspoziciya sostavila odin million sekund! Nablyudalas' ploshadka ploshad'yu vsego lish' 11 kvadratnyh uglovyh minut. Predel'naya zvezdnaya velichina primerno ravna 29. Sostavlen katalog primerno 10 000 ob'ektov.
Authors: Martin White
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of the UC Irvine conference on cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization anisotropies
Dostatochno populyarno opisyvaetsya, kakuyu nauku mozhno budet delat', kogda budet rabotat' sputnik Planck. Estestvennym obrazom stat'ya vklyuchaet v sebya kak by kratkii kurs po kosmologii, t.k. prihoditsya govorit' o raznyh parametrah i modelyah.
Authors: K. W. Yoon et al.
Comments: 18 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy III, Proceedings of SPIE, 6275, 2006
Polyarizaciyu reliktovogo fona budut izmeryat' na sputnike Plank. No do ego zapuska raznye gruppy stremyatsya poluchit' maksimum s pomosh'yu nazemnyh ustanovok.
Vot doklad o pervyh rezul'tatah s odnoi iz nih. Eto The Robinson Gravitational Wave Background Telescope (BICEP). On nachal svoyu rabotu v Antarktide. Konechno, "Plank", esli vse budet po planu, poluchit bolee detal'nuyu kartinu. Tem ne menee, ochen' vazhno, chtoby rabotali i ustanovki, podobnye BICEP.
Authors: Piero Madau
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, Nature News and Views on Aharonian et al. 2006, Nature, 440, 1018-1021. Journal-ref: Nature 440 (2006), 1002-1003
Eto ne original'naya stat'ya, a dovol'no interesnoe esse iz razryada teh, chto tak lyubyat publikovat' v Nature. Posvyasheno ono tomu, chto nablyudateli do sih por ne mogut dat' chetkogo otveta o tom, kak svetili samye pervye zvezdy.
Authors: Volker Springel et al.
Comments: Invited review to Nature , 2006, 440, 1137
Obzor po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. My privykli, chto esli Nature - to obzor korotkii, no tut drugoe delo. 34 stranicy.
Authors: Alexander Vilenkin
Comments: 4 pages, no figures; invited "perspective" article in "Science" (4 May 2006)
Vopros ob ob'yasnenii velichiny kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi trevozhit uchenyh. Dlya mnogih vedushih fizikov-teoretikov eto vopros nomer odin. Dannaya korotkaya zametka posvyashena kriticheskomu analizu idei Shteinharda i Turoka, a takzhe antropnomu razresheniyu voprosa.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Comments: 10 pages. Invited review lecture, International Workshop on NO-VE, Venice, 2006
Poskol'ku seichas standartnaya model' eto "lyambda-SiDiEm", t.e. holodnaya temnaya materiya s kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, to o neitrino kosmologi kak-to stali zabyvat'. V obzore opisyvaetsya pochemu eto vse-taki ne stoit delat'.
Authors: Douglas Scott, J.P. Zibin
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure
Dannye nablyudenii govoryat o tom, chto krivizna nashei vselennoi mala. Eto oznachaet, chto za nashim gorizontom chastic vse ne zakanchivaetsya i, bolee togo, "vneshnii" ob'em prevoshodit "vnutrennii". Mozhno, osnovyvayas' na nablyudatel'nyh dannyh (prezhde vsego rech' idet o nablyudeniyah reliktovogo fona, t.e. o dannyh WMAP), dat' nizhnii predel na "vneshnii" ob'em. S uchetom neopredelennostei sovremennyh dannyh "vneshnii" ob'em prevoshodit "vnutrennii" kak minimum na poryadok.
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to JCAP
Antropnoe ob'yasnenie velichiny kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi sostoit v tom, chto iz vsego mnogoobraziya variantov velichiny etogo parametra, dostupnogo v mul'tiverse, zhizn' mozhet poyavit'sya lish' v teh vselennyh, v kotoryh postoyannaya popadaet v ochen' uzkii diapazon (razumeetsya, vblizi znacheniya kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v nashei vselennoi). Razumeetsya, drugie vselennye dlya nas nedostupny, poetomu proverit' takoe ob'yasnenie dovol'no trudno. Arbaham Loeb schitaet, chto emu, tem ne menee, udalos' pridumat', kak takuyu proverku mozhno osushestvit'.
Ideya sostoit vot v chem. Esli planetnye sistemy mogli voznikat' na z poryadka 10, to eto oznachaet, chto planetnye sistemy mogut voznikat' vo vselennyh, gde kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya v tysyachu raz otlichaetsya ot nashei. V sluchae, esli udast'sya pokazat', chto v zvezdnyh sistemah, voznikshih na takih bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, est' planety, to, polagaet Loeb, po antropnoi argumentacii budet nanesen ser'eznyi udar.
Konechno, uvidet' svidetel'stva sushestvovaniya planet na z=10 seichas nel'zya. No mozhno poiskat' ih v staryh sistemah, naprimer, v staryh sharovyh skopleniyah i karlikovyh galaktikah. Eto mozhno sdelat', naprimer, s pomosh'yu mikrolinzirovaniyu.
Na moi vzglyad, takoi podhod, v sluchae obnaruzheniya planet,
ne smozhet ser'ezno pokolebat' ryady storonnikov
antropnogo ob'yasneniya. Vo-pervyh, kak verno pishet Lakatos, tak prosto
issledovatel'skuyu programmu ne zadushish', ne ub'esh'.
Vo-vtoryh, vyvod Loeba o tom, chto v sluchae obnaruzheniya takih planet
mozhno umen'shit' veroyatnost' antropnogo ob'yasneniya do 0.1 procenta,
osnovan na ryade predpolozhenii, kotorye mogut i ne vypolnyat'sya.
1. Nalichie planet eshe nichego ne govorit o nalichii zhizni.
2. Vazhno ocenit' kolichestvo civilizacii i prodolzhitel'nost' ih
sushestvovaniya.
Authors: L. Raul Abramo et al.
Comments: 12 Pages, 6 Figures.
Vse pomnyat nashumevshuyu ideyu ob osi zla, kotoraya nikak ne svyazana s politikoi. Termin byl predlozhen v rabote astro-h/0502237, i stal ochen' populyarnym (hotya specialisty i somnevalis' v tom, chto effekt imeet otnoshenie k samomu reliktovomu fonu, a ne k vkladu kakih-to drugih effektov).
Sut' "osi zla" sostoit v soosnosti dipolya i oktupolya. V dannoi stat'e avtory issledovali nalichie soosnosti mezhdu razlichnymi mul'tipolyami. Pervyi rezul'tat sostoit v tom, chto net soosnosti vysokih mul'tipolei s napravleniem, zadavaemym dipolem. Takzhe net soosnosti s napravleniyami, zadavaemymi Galaktikoi i ekliptikoi. Zatem avtory podtverzhdayut izvestnuyu soosnost' mezhdu kvadrupolem i oktupolem. Obnaruzheny i nekotorye drugie sovpadeniya. Avtory delayut vyvod, chto dannye treh let WMAP podtverzhdayut nalichie vydelennyh napravlenii.
Otmechu, chto analiz kart mikrovolnovogo fona - delo neprostoe. Poetomu okonchatel'nye vyvody delat' poka rano. Vozderzhivayutsya ot nih i sami avtory.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0604410, v kotoroi takzhe rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob "osi zla" i t.p.
Authors: G.E. Volovik
Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures, prepared for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style
Vazhnyi obzor. Ved' vazhno ne prosto pisat' o tom, chto horosho znaesh', no eshe i kritikovat' nevernye ustoyavshiesya uprosheniya, mify i t.p. Odnako, polagayu, chto tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo, i mnogie analogii svoistv vakuuma s povedeniem kvantovyh zhidkostei mogut byt' osporeny.
Authors: Hans F. Stabenau, Bhuvnesh Jain
Comments: 21 pages, 8 figures
Ochevidno, chto v al'ternativnyh teoriyah gravitacii obrazovanie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury budet idti ne sovsem tak, kak v standartnoi teorii. Vopros v tom "naskol'ko ne tak" i mozhno li eto uvidet' v nablyudeniyah. Avtory provodyat chislennyi schet, v kotorom gravitaciyu "podkrutili". Pokazano, chto analiz trehmernogo raspredeleniya galaktik mozhet pomoch' proverit' nekotorye iz predlagaemyh podhodov.
O svyazi al'ternativnyh teorii i kosmologii sm. takzhe astro-ph/0604055. Tam rech' idet o tom, kak teoriya Bransa-Dikke mozhet reshit' problemu temnoi materii (hotya, kazhetsya, chto stat'ya nepravil'naya).
Authors: The Planck Collaboration
Comments: 152 pages
Kniga, posvyashennaya nauchnoi programme sputnika "Plank".
Kniga soderzhit tehnicheskoe opisanie sputnika, nekotorye osnovy, neobhodimye dlya ponimaniya suti nauchnoi programmy, i, nakonec, sami nauchnye zadachi, kotorye sputnik budet reshat'.
Vozmozhno, chto mnogim budet nebezinteresno posmotret', kakie eshe zadachi, krome issledovaniya reliktovogo izlucheniya, stavyatsya pered etim proektom.
Authors: A. Sandage et al.
Comments: 52 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Podvoditsya itog 15-tiletnei programmy po utochneniyu postoyannoi Habbla. Osnova raboty - utochnenie svetimosti sverhnovyh tipa Ia na osnove dannyh po cefeidam. T.e., po cefeidam ocenivaetsya rasstoyanie do galaktiki, v kotoroi vidna sverhnovaya. Eto pozvolyaet opredelit' svetimost' sverhnovoi. Zatem rasstoyaniya do dalekih galaktik s izvestnym krasnym smesheniem (v kotoryh cefeidy uzhe ne vidny iz-za bol'shogo rasstoyaniya) opredelyaetsya po nablyudaemym v nih sverhnovym tipa Ia.
Sobstvenno, teleskom im. Habbla byl nuzhen kak raz dlya izucheniya cefeid v otnositel'no blizkih galaktikah, v kotoryh byli zaregistrirovany vspyshki sverhnovyh etogo tipa. Napomnyu, chto takie sverhnovye ispol'zuyut v kachestve t.n. "standartnoi svechi". Imenno po nim vpervye byli polucheny rezul'taty, pozvolyayushie govorit' ob uskorenii rasshireniya vselennoi.
Itog raboty takov: postoyannaya Habbla ravna 62.3 km/s/Mpk +/- 5 km/s/Mpk (sistematicheskaya oshibka) +/- 1.3 km/s/Mpk ("sluchainaya" oshibka, svyazannaya s konechnoi statistikoi). Nekotorye izmeneniya vozmozhny, esli budut akkuratno uchteny effekty, svyazannye s mezhgalakticheskoi pyl'yu. Odnako, oni ne mogut prevoshodit' primerno 20 procentov.
Vazhno, chto rezul'taty, poluchennye raznymi gruppami (zachastuyu "ne druzhashimi" drug s drugom) kachestvenno shodyatsya. Napomnyu, chto nedavnii rezul'tat gruppy WMAP sostavlyaet 73+/- 3 km/s/Mpk. S uchetom raznyh podhodov rezul'taty soglasuyutsya drug s drugom. T.e. znachenie poryadka 68-70 km/s/Mpk ustraivaet vseh.
Authors: A.Cabre, E.Gaztanaga, M.Manera, P.Fosalba, F.Castander
Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS Letter
Kak izvestno, kosmologiya stoit na neskol'kih kitah: nablyudeniya reliktovogo fona, nablyudeniya razbeganiya galaktik, dannye po pervichnomu nukleosintezu i obzory po krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Naibolee polnaya kartina sozdaetsya, kogda skladyvayutsya vse eti dannye.
Poskol'ku nedavno vyshel reliz po rezul'tatam treh let raboty sputnika WMAP, seichas uchenye aktivno "okuchivayut" dannye po reliktovomu fonu, sopostavlyaya ego s drugimi elementami kosmologicheskoi kartiny. V etoi rabote dannye WMAP skladyvayutsya s dannymi poslednego reliza Sloanovskogo Cifrovogo Obzora Neba.
Osnovnoi rezul'tat takov, chto s bol'shei tochnost'yu i dostovernost'yu podtverzhdaetsya nalichie temnoi energii. Napomnyu, chto pervonachal'no ukazaniya na sushestvovanie temnoi energii byli polucheny s pomosh'yu sovershenno inoi tehniki - po dannym o razbeganii galaktik (po sverhnovym tipa Ia byli polucheny ocenki rasstoyanii do dalekih galaktik). Vazhno, chto vskore kachestvenno takoi zhe rezul'tat udalos' poluchit' bez privlecheniya dannyh po sverhnovym - tol'ko po dannym o relikte ili tol'ko po dannym o krupnomasshtabnoi strukture. Slozhenie vseh treh podhodov, da eshe pri vozrosshei tochnosti, po-prezhnemu podtverzhdaet neobhodimost' nalichiya temnoi energii.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0603753, posvyashennuyu probleme opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov po raznym dannym, v pervuyu ochered' po mikrovolnovomu fonu.
Authors: E.L. Wright
Comments: 10 pages
Korotkii, no ochen' emkii, obzor, posvyashennyi istorii i dostizheniyam kosmologii za poslednie 100 let (t.e. s momenta poyavleniya rabot Einshteina po STO). Osobenno detal'no rassmotreny 60-e gg.
Authors: Kentaro Nagamine et al.
Comments: 36 page, 9 figures. Submitted to ApJ
Vsem ponyatno, chto istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya vo vselennoi - eto vazhneishaya vesh'. Vyyasnit', kak zhe temp formirovaniya zvezd izmenyalsya, bolee chem slozhno. Sozdat' model', kotoraya horosho opisyvala by eti dannye, tozhe nelegko. Stat'ya ochen' interesnaya. Po-krainei mere vvodnuyu chast' i osnovnye rezul'taty stoit posmotret'. Pust' ob'em vas ne pugaet, eto sledstvie vybrannogo formata.
Avtory rassmatrivayut tri podhoda:
1. Neposredstvennye dannye o dalekih ob'ektah.
2. Analiz svoist nashei i drugih blizkih galaktik. Takie "raskopki" mogut
dat' informaciyu o tom, kakova byla istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya v etih zvezdnyh
sistemah.
3. Teoreticheskie modeli, osnovannye na detal'nom modelirovanii processa
obrazovaniya galaktik i ih dal'neishei evolyucii.
Vrode by, nablyudaetsya razumnyi konsensus treh podhodov (sm. risunok, na
kotorom teoreticheskie modeli sravnivayutsya s nablyudeniyami).
Vazhno, chto komp'yuternye modeli na osnovanii Lyambda-CDM podhoda takzhe horosho
vpisalis'. Dve samye vazhnye detali - primernoe postoyanstvo tempa
zvezdoobrazovaniya ot z=7 do 2, i spadanie ot z=2 do 0 - prisutstvuyut po vseh
modelyah i v dannyh nablyudenii (na vsyakii sluchai napomnyu, chto dannye tut
daleko ne neposredstvennye, fakticheski, nablyudaemye velichiny nado
pereschityvat' model'no-zavisimym obrazom v temp zvezdoobrazovaniya).
Pokazan temp zvezdoobrazovaniya v zavisimosti ot krasnogo smesheniya v edinicah massa Solnca v god na kubicheskii megaparsek. Shkala logarifmicheskaya s osnovanie 10. T.e. -2 sootvetstvuet 10-2=0.01 massy Solnca v god na kubicheskii megaparsek. Raznymi simvolami pokazany dannye nablyudenii. Krivye sootvetstvuyut razlichnym modelyam, obsuzhdaemym v tekste stat'i.
Authors: George F R Ellis
Comments: 4 pages
Vsem chitat'! Pryamo vse v temu, t.e. v temu nashei s Toporenskim stat'i v tret'em nomere "Vokrug sveta". V proshlom vypuske ya obzorov ya rasskazyval o dvuh interesnyh stat'yah po tak skazat' interpretacionnoi kosmologii i vsyakih podvohah, i vot eshe odna.
Eto kriticheskaya zametka, kommentarii, po povodu odnogo utverzhdeniya Sasskinda. Sut' v tom, chto Ellis polagaet, chto Sasskind v odnom meste svoei novoi populyarnoi knigi (vazhno, chto populyarnoi) putaet gorizont chastic s gorizontom sobytii. Eto lishnii raz pokazyvaet, kak vse neprosto, chto dazhe ochen' sil'nye i imenitye uchenye sporyat drug s drugom. Pravda, eshe raz obrashayu vnimanie, netochnost' obnaruzhena v populyarnoi knigi. V nekotorom smysle eto ne sovsem ex cathedra.
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: 158 pages, lecture notes for the SAAS-Fee Winter School, April 2006 (to be published by Springer Verlag); this http URL
Eto chast' knigi s materialami ezhegodnoi shkoly po astronomii.
Podrobno i dostupno opisyvaetsya, kak vo vselennoi iz pervichnyh fluktuacii poyavlyayutsya pervye ob'ekty, kak oni nachinayut izluchat', i chto s nimi potom proishodit.
Authors: D. N. Spergel et al.
Comments: 89 pages, 28 figures, submitted to ApJ
astro-ph/0603450 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: analiz polyarizacii (Three Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis)
Authors: L. Page et al.
Comments: 46 pages, 28 figures, submitted to ApJ
astro-ph/0603451 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: analiz temperatury (Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis)
Authors: G. Hinshaw et al.
Comments: 93 pages, 24 figures, submitted to ApJ
astro-ph/0603452 Rezul'taty treh let raboty WMAP: profil' puchkov, obrabotka dannyh, harakteristiki radiometrov i predely na sistematicheskie oshibki (Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles, Data Processing, Radiometer Characterization and Systematic Error Limits)
Authors: N. Jarosik et al.
Comments: 49 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ
Vse ih tak zhdali, i vot oni! Rezul'taty obrabotki dannyh po itogam treh let nablyudenii na sputnike WMAP!
Bolee podrobno obo vsem etom mozhno prochest' zdes'.
Authors: Matteo Carrera, Domenico Giulini
Comments: 37 pages, 2 figures
Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie vliyat' na dinamiku ob'ektov solnechnoi sisteme. Razumeetsya, effekt, dazhe esli on sushestvuet, ochen' mal. I, razumeetsya, nikakih nablyudenii v etom smysle net. Tem ne menee, stat'ya interesnaya. Mne, kak nekosmologu, zatrudnitel'no dat' kakie-to bolee detal'nye kommentarii. Hotelos' by uslyshat' ih ot sootvetstvuyushih specialistov.
Authors: T. Roy Choudhury, A. Ferrara
Comments: Invited review (to be published by RSP), edited by R. Fabbri. 40 pages
V poslednie gody epoha reionizacii privlekla ogromnoe vnimanie uchenyh. Svyazano eto, razumeetsya, s poyavleniem novyh nablyudatel'nyh dannyh. V obzore privoditsya svodka togo, chto my znaem ob epohe reionizacii, i togo, kak my pytaemsya vse eto samim sebe ob'yasnit'.
Authors: Oyvind Gron, Oystein Elgaroy
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Am. J. Phys
Ne uveren, chto takie stat'i stoit pisat'.
S odnoi storony, avtory gramotno rassmatrivayut vazhnuyu vesh': kak
interpretirovat' nablyudaemoe krasnoe smeshenie dalekih galaktik.
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto nel'zya ispol'zovat' odin effekt Doplera.
Vse eto horosho. V principe, eto i horosho izvestno. Drugoe delo, chto
periodicheski poyavlyayutsya raboty, gde vse-taki pytayutsya vse ob'yasnit' odnim
Doplerom....
S drugoi storony, avtory zachem-to akcentiruyut to, chto vo vtorom poryadke
kosmologicheskoe krasnoe smeshenie mozhno predstavit' kak summu dopler-effekta
i gravitacionnogo krasnogo smesheniya. Na moi vzglyad (imenno, na moi
vzglyad), eto ne tol'ko bespoleznoe, no i, v nekotorom smysle, vrednoe
utverzhdenie :)
Poyasnyu. Ni k kakim uprosheniyam raschetov eto ne privodit. A vot zaputat'
mozhet, t.k. efekt doplera tut voobshe ni pri chem. Po suti dela ni pri chem.
Kstati, ravno kak i gravitacionnoe krasnoe smeshenie.
Kosmologicheskii effekt - eto sovershenno otdel'noe yavlenie.
Authors: M.B. Bell, D. McDiarmid
Comments: 12 pages, 12 figure, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Po dannym SDSS o 46 400 kvazarov s izvestnymi krasnymi smesheniyami pokazano, chto v raspredelenii kvazarov est' nekotoraya periodichnost'. Otmechu, chto analogichnye rezul'taty po sovsem drugoi vyborke davali i drugie gruppy, naprimer, gruppa iz FTI im. Ioffe, na ch'i rezul'taty avtory pochemu-to ne sylayutsya.
Obnaruzheno shest' pikov v raspredelenii kvazarov po krasnym smesheniyam. Prichem, piki imeyut vyrazhennuyu periodichnost'.
Authors: A. Saha et al.
Comments: 73 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Vot takoe dlinnoe nazvanie....
Utochnenie shkaly rasstoyanii - eto trudneishaya zadacha. Ona ne reshaetsya za raz. Stat'ya - eto ocherednoi promezhutochnyi etap po ocenke rasstoyanii do dalekih galaktik na osnovanii dannyh o sverhnovyh tipa Ia. Dlya etogo nuzhno prokalibrovat' sverhnovye. Dlya etogo po cefeidam nado tochno opredelit' rasstoyaniya do galaktik, v kotoryh vidny eti sverhnovye. Togda ih mozhno budet ispol'zovat' dlya bolee dalekih galaktik, v kotoryh cefeidy uzhe ne vidny.
Authors: Mairi Sakellariadou
Comments: 42 pages, 7 figures, Chapter for the book "Quantum Simulations via Analogues: From Phase Transitions to Black Holes", to appear in Springer lecture notes in physics (LNP)
Kosmicheskie struny, esli ne na kone, to vse pytayutsya na nego vzobrat'sya. Posle perioda entuziazma (let 20 nazad) nastupila pora skepsisa. Voobshe govorya, ona, na moi vzglyad, tak i ne zakonchilas', no avtor obzora polagaet inache. Pochemu, kakie interesnye vozmozhnosti mozhno pridumat' nesmotrya na zhestkie ogranicheniya - obo vsem etom v rabote Mairi Sakellariadou.
Authors: S.W. Hawking, Thomas Hertog
Comments: 22 pages, 1 figure
Interesnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya vazhnoi idee. Otmechu, chto matematikoi stat'ya ne peregruzhena.
V teorii strun est' ponyatie "peizazh" (landscape). Ono svyazano s tem, chto teoriya predstavlyaet ogromnyi vybor parametrov dlya, grubo govorya, sozdaniya Vselennoi. Parametry opredelyayut svoistva vakuuma. Nam, konechno, hochetsya ponyat', kak poluchit' "nash" vakuum s malen'koi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi i t.p. Naprimer, mozhno ispol'zovat' antropnyi podhod (on takzhe obsuzhdaetsya v stat'e). Odnako stat'ya ne sovsem o tom, kak vybrat' pravil'nye parametry iz mnozhestva vozmozhnyh. avtory rassuzhdayut, kak v takoi teorii stroit' kosmologiyu.
Predlagaetsya podhod "sverhu vniz" (top down). Eto vyrazhenie oznachaet, chto "plyashem ne ot pechki", a "k pechke". T.e., ne iz znaniya nachal'nyh parametrov vyvodim konechnye, a, v nekotorom smysle, naoborot. V sluchae kosmologii v podhode "snizu vverh" (bottom-up) nado zadat' nachal'noe sostoyanie i iz nego vyvesti to, chto my seichas nablyudaem. Etot podhod ochen' trudno realizovat'. Ved' v kosmologii, vo-pervyh, my ploho predstavlyaem sebe nachal'nye usloviya, a vo-vtoryh, my imeem nablyudaemuyu vselennuyu v kolichestve 1 (odna) shtuka. Da i to, nablyudaem ee ne vsyu, a lish' nekotoruyu chast'. Poetomu Houking i Hertog predlagayut ispol'zovat' top-down. Neobhodimo provodit' raschet vseh al'ternativnyh istorii, kotorye privodyat k takomu zhe konechnomu sostoyaniyu. T.e. v nekotorom smysle beretsya summa po vsem vozmozhnym nachal'nym usloviyam s posleduyushim analizam vklada teh istorii, kotorye privodyat k nablyudaemoi kartine. Velichiny veroyatnostei takih istorii smogut pomoch' ponyat', kakie svoistva nashei Vselennoi svyazany s fundamental'nymi zakonami, a kakie - so sluchainymi kvantovymi processami.
Authors: George F. R. Ellis
Comments: 60 pages, To appear in the Handbook in Philosophy of Physics, Ed J Butterfield and J Earman (Elsevier, 2006)
Vsem chitat'! 60 stranic vazhnogo i interesnogo teksta.
Authors: William R. Stoeger
Comments: 12 PAGES
Polufilosofskoe esse o kosmologii.
Nachnem s togo, chto dazhe pervoe slovo v zagolovke nuzhdaetsya v kommentariyah. Zabavno, chto ni odin slovar' pod rukoi slovo retroduction ne potyanul. Zato potyanula Wikipedia. Termin byl vveden Pirsom. Po suti eto termin iz metodologii nauki, oznachayushii umozaklyuchenie ot sledstviya k posylke.
Osnovnaya tema stat'i: kak mozhno proverit' gipotezu(y) o mul'tiversah pri tom, chto sami mul'tiversy my, skoree vsego, nikogda neposredstvenno pronablyudat' ne smozhem.
Authors: Xiaohui Fan et al.
Comments: to appear in ARAA 2006. latex. 84 pages. 15 figs
Stadiya reionizacii zanimaet vazhnoe mesto v istorii Vselennoi. Napomnyu, chto sut' v tom, chto, kogda poyavilis' pervye moshnye istochniki izlucheniya, to oni snova ionizovali znachitel'nuyu chast' vselennoi (vse eto, razumeetsya, proishodilo posle rekombinacii). Chto eto byli za istochniki, i kogda proizoshla reionizaciya - neyasno.
Avtory akkrutano rassmatrivayut kompleks dannyh, svyazannyh s reionizaciei. Zachastuyu zhestkie vyvody o momente etoi stadii delayut na osnovanii dannyh WMAP po reliktovomu fonu. Na samom dele, tut nuzhna ostorozhnost'. Pochemu - uznaite iz obzora.
Authors: M.V. Sazhin et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures
Vozmozhnaya sensaciya rassosalas'.
Vse pomnyat, chto neskol'ko let nazad novostnye lenty pestreli soobsheniyami o tom, chto rossiiskie i ital'yanskie uchenye otkryli ob'ekt, kotoryi mog by byt' sluchaem linzirovaniya na kosmicheskoi strune. Razumeetsya, srazu vyskazyvalsya i razumnyi skepticizm.
I vot posle dopolnitel'nyh nablyudenii stalo okonchatel'no yasno, chto nikakaya eto ne kosmicheskaya struna. Zhal' ....
Authors: Will J. Percival
Comments: 30 pages, 13 figures. Lecture given at Third Aegean Summer School, The invisible universe: Dark matter and Dark energy
Obrashaem vashe vnimanie na etot obzor, t.k. v spisok samyh interesnyh sobytii proshlogo goda voshel rezul'tat, svyazannyi s obnaruzhenie akusticheskogo pika po dannym o krupnomasshtabnom raspredelenii galaktik. Dannyi obzor posvyashen razboru takih nablyudenii, ob'yasneniyu ih vazhnosti t.p. vesham.
Authors: James G. Bartlett
Comments: Review given at TAUP 2005, 8 pages
V poslednie gody mnogo govoryat o polyarizacii reliktovgo izlucheniya.
Izuchenie sootvetstvuyushih parametrov kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona
pozvolit uznat' mnogo novogo o nashei Vselennoi. Cherez paru let budet zapushen
sputnik Plank, special'no dlya etogo prdenaznachennyi. Poka zhe polyarizaciyu
pytayutsya izmeryat' v nazemnyh i balonnyh eksperimentah.
Authors: Ph. Jetzer, M. Sereno
Comments: 8 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Vspominaetsya Dovlatov: "Kniga interesnaya, no slozhnaya" (eto bylo pro "Iosif i ego brat'ya" Tomasa Manna, kstati, ya sam nikak ne soberus' prochitat').
V stat'e razobrana zadacha dvuh tel s uchetom vklada kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Voobshe, problema povedeniya, skazhem, planet v Solnechnoi sisteme ili zemnyh sputnikov s uchetom kosmologicheskih effektov (a kosmologicheskuyu postoyannuyu mozhno smelo k nim otnesti) vyzyvaet interes. I voprosy. Vot vo vtorom nomere GEO ya uspokaival chitatelya v tom smysle, chto rasshirenie Vselennoi ne menyaet orbitu Luny i iskusstvennyh sputnikov. Po-krainei mere, effekt ne nablyudaetsya, i voobshe, v blizhaishie paru milliardov let nam nichego ne grozit. Dazhe s uchetom vozmozhnosti "Bol'shogo razryva" v nastoyashee vremya nikakih nablyudaemyh effektov v Solnechnoi sisteme net. Tem ne menee, podrobnogo razbora zadachi dvuh tel pri nalichii kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi ya ne vstrechal (vozmozhno, ploho smotrel; na odin iz svezhih e-printov ssylayutsya sami avtory - gr-qc/0511137). I vot ...
Kak ya preduprezhdal, stat'ya slozhnaya. Vozmozhno, chto bol'shinstvo prochtet lish' razdely 1 i 5-6. Razdely 1 i 6 eto vvedenie i zaklyuchenie, sootvetstvenno. A v razdele 5 predstavleny nablyudatel'nye ogranicheniya na velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, kotorye mozhno poluchit', nablyudaya sistemy razlichnogo tipa. Kak ni stranno, no nailuchshee dayut vovse ne dvoinye radiopul'sary, a dannye po Solnechnoi sisteme. Konechno, smysl v takih ogranicheniyah dostatochno akademicheskii. Ved' po sobstvenno kosmologicheskim dannym my primerno znaem velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi, a luchshie ogranicheniya po dannym o dvizhenii Zemli i Marsa lezhat na 10 poryadkov vyshe. Tem ne menee. takie predely nado poluchat'. Ved' proveryayut zhe, naprimer, deistvie zakona vsemirnogo tyagoteniya na raznyh masshtabah. I, kto znaet, priroda mozhet byt' ustroena slozhnee, chem my sebe predstavlyaem.
Osnovnoi effekt kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi na orbitu, kak pishut avtory, zaklyuchaetsya v precessii pericentra. Mozhno rasschitat' skorost' precessii. V pervom priblizhenii ona okazyvaetsya proporcional'noi kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Effekt znachitelen dlya malomassivnyh sistem na shirokih orbitah (imenno poetomu, dlya dvoinyh pul'sarov on ne tak vyrazhen, kak dlya planet v Solnechnoi sisteme).
Smotrite podrobnyi kommentarii Igorya Ivanova.
Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure
Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".
Authors: Alain Riazuelo, Samuel Caillerie, Marc Lachize-Rey, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 10 pages, submitted to PRD
Stat'ya ne obzornaya. Tem ne menee, obsuzhdaetsya dostatochno obshaya vesh' (hotya i na chastnyh primerah).
Mnogie pomnyat nedavnie raboty po topologii vselennoi po dannym po reliktovomu izlucheniyu (sm. takzhe stat'yu na Astronete). Sleduyushii shag - eto poluchenie dannyh o topologii po izmereniyu polyarizacii relikta. Uzhe seichas nazemnye (balonnye i t.p.) eksperimenty dayut tut koe-kakuyu informaciyu. A v nedalekom budushem s zapuskom sputnika Plank my poluchim chetkie dannye po polyarizacii relikta. Tak chto teoretiki ne zrya gotovyatsya!
Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure
Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".
Authors: Alain Riazuelo, Samuel Caillerie, Marc Lachize-Rey, Roland Lehoucq, Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 10 pages, submitted to PRD
Stat'ya ne obzornaya. Tem ne menee, obsuzhdaetsya dostatochno obshaya vesh' (hotya i na chastnyh primerah).
Mnogie pomnyat nedavnie raboty po topologii vselennoi po dannym po reliktovomu izlucheniyu (sm. takzhe stat'yu na Astronete). Sleduyushii shag - eto poluchenie dannyh o topologii po izmereniyu polyarizacii relikta. Uzhe seichas nazemnye (balonnye i t.p.) eksperimenty dayut tut koe-kakuyu informaciyu. A v nedalekom budushem s zapuskom sputnika Plank my poluchim chetkie dannye po polyarizacii relikta. Tak chto teoretiki ne zrya gotovyatsya!
Authors: G.A. Tammann
Comments: 30 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. 79th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft 2005, Karl-Schwarzschild-Lecture, to appear in Reviews in Modern Astronomy, 19, 1
Daetsya istoriya issledovanii postoyannoi Habbla. Obsuzhdayutsya razlichnye metodiki ee opredeleniya. Osobo obsuzhdayutsya neopredelennosti v sovremennyh metodah.
Authors: S. A. Levshakov et al.
Comments: 2 pages, to appear in the Proceed. of IAU Symp.232 "The Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes", eds. P. Whitelock, B. Leibundgut, and M. Dennefeld
Polucheno novoe ogranichenie na variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury. Predel Delta alpha/alpha < (-0.07+/-0.84)10^{-6} poluchen po nablyudeniyam spektral'nyh linii na z=1.15.
Authors: Torsten A. Ensslin, Corina Vogt, Andre Waelkens, Alexander A. Scheckochihin
Comments: invited talk at conference on he Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism' in Bologna 2005, eds. R. Beck, G. Brunetti, L. Feretti, and B. Gaensler, to appear in Astronomische Nachrichten, 6 pages, 3 figures
Kak izvestno, Planck - eto sputnik novogo pokoleniya, prednaznachennyi dlya issledovaniya mikrovolnovogo fona. Odnako, krome dannyh sobstvenno po reliktu, iz poluchennyh im rezul'tatov mozhno budet vytyanut' eshe mnogo interesnogo. Avtory rassmatrivayut, chto smozhet dat' Planck dlya izucheniya krupnomasshtabnyh magnitnyh polei. V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o vnegalakticheskih magnitnyh polyah. Krome togo, i v issledovaniyah galakticheskogo magnitnogo polya mozhno ozhidat' progressa blagodarya novomu sputniku. Zapusk ozhidaetsya v uzhe sovsem nedalekom budushem.
Authors: Gary Steigman
Comments: 36 pages, 14 figures, review article to appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics E
Obzor po pervichnomu nukleosintezu. Epigrafom mozhno bylo by vzyat' slova: "Mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit".
Authors: Steen Hannestad
Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Erice 2005 proceedings
S odnoi storony, seichas rol' neitrino v kosmologii ne stol' velika, kak v eto verili nekotorye uchenye let 10-20 nazad. Prichina prosta - nizkaya massa. S drugoi storony, rol' neitrino vovse ne prenebrezhimo mala! V chem zaklyuchaetsya vazhnost' neitrino v kosmologii kak raz i opisano v obzore.
Authors: Y. Rephaeli, S. Sadeh, M. Shimon
Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures; to appear in proceedings of the Enrico Fermi School Background Microwave Radiation and Intracluster Cosmology', editors: F. Melchiorri and Y. Rephaeli
Obzor po effektu Syunyaeva-Zel'dovicha. Seichas eto moshnyi instrument v kosmologii.
Authors: W. J. Clavering
Comments: 6 pages
Rassmotren ochen' interesnyi primer povedeniya ob'ekta pri kosmologicheskom rasshirenii (spasibo A. Toporenskomu za "navodku").
Predstav'te, chto est' galaktika, imeyushaya takuyu bol'shuyu pekulyarnuyu skorost' (napravlennuyu na nas), chto ona kompensiruet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie. T.e. galaktika kak by privyazana k nam (tethered). Kakim budet ee krasnoe smeshenie? Ili, naprimer, galaktika s nulevym krasnym smesheniem (t.e. ee krasnoe smeshenie polnost'yu skompensirovano pekulyarnoi skorost'yu) budet priblizhat'sya k nam ili udalyat'sya? Okazyvaetsya, chto tut vse ne tak prosto.
Authors: Max Tegmark et al.
Comments: 29 pages, 12 figs
Obsuzhdayutsya bezrazmernye konstanty, poyavlyayushiesya v kosmologii i fizike elementarnyh chastic.
Authors: Douglas Scott, J.P. Zibin
Comments: Response to physics/0510102, 2 pages
Pozvolyu sebe vol'no perevesti nazvanie raboty. Eto kratkii otvet na stat'yu physics/0510102, avtory kotoroi razvivayut mysl' o tom, chto Sozdatel' Vselennoi mog zashifrovat' soobshenie v parametrah mikrovolnovogo fona. V otvete raz'yasnyaetsya, chto detal'naya kartina fona zavisit ot polozheniya nablyudatelya i ot vremeni. T.e. shifrovat' kakoe-to soobshenie takim strannym sposobom ne stoilo. A istinno nebesnoe poslanie, zashifrovannoe v reliktovom fone - eto informaciya o rannei Vselennoi. V obshem, interesny primer argumentirovannoi kritiki specialistami sumasshedshei idei.
Obratite vnimanie na blagodarnost' v stat'e!
Authors: Steven Weinberg
Comments: 13 pages
Pis'mennaya versiya doklada, prochitannogo nedavno Stivenom Vainbergom v Triniti kolledzhe (kolledzhe Svyatoi Troicy, esli komu-to tak bol'she nravitsya).
Chitat' stoit. Ni formul, ni kartinok tam net, zato est' podrobnye i ponyatnye ob'yasneniya.
V osnovnom rech' idet ob antropnyh argumentah. V pervuyu ochered' v svyazi s rezul'tatami teorii strun (gde poluchaetsya bezumnoe kolichestvo vozmozhnyh vakuumov, vybor sredi kotoryh [poka?] ne predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym), no ne tol'ko. Takzhe upominaetsya teoriya haoticheskoi inflyacii i argumenty Andreya Linde, a takzhe nekotorye interpretacii kvantovoi mehaniki.
Sovetuyu dochitat' do konca, i ulybnut'sya poslednei stavke Stivena Vainberga.
Authors: Jonathan L. Feng
Comments: 18 pages, Plenary Colloquium presented at the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop, Stanford, California, USA, 18-22 March 2005
ILC - International Linear Collider.
Tradicionno kosmologicheskie issledovaniya svyazyvayut s rabotami po fizike elementarnyh chastic. Otsyuda takie terminy kak kosmomikrofizika, particle astrophysics, i astroparticle physics. Avtor daet obzor nekotoryh problem sovremennoi kosmologii i rassuzhdaet, kak v ih reshenii mogut pomoch' sovremennye uskoriteli.
Authors: Jeremy S. Heyl
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures
Avtor (izvestnyi astrofizik, rabotayushii seichas v Kanade; mnogim, veroyatno, izvestny ego raboty po magnitaram) rassmatrivaet gipoteticheskie perspektivy poletov na bol'shie rasstoyaniya s uchetom uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Konechno, interes tut chisto akademicheskii, no mozhet komu-to iz fantastov, kto eshe ne naigralsya s rassuzhdeniyami o pereletah na kosmologicheskie rasstoyaniya, eto budet interesno. Krome togo, eto bezuslovno interesno kak zadacha po kosmologii.
Authors: O. Le Fevre et al.
Comments: Nature, 2005, 437, 519
Naideno 970 galaktik na krasnyh smesheniyah ot 1.4 do 5. Eto v neskol'ko raz bol'she, chem predskazyvalos' (yasno, chto rech' idet ob obzore nebol'shogo uchastka neba). Galaktiki v srednem imeyut ochen' bol'shoi temp obrazovaniya zvezd (v desyatki raz vyshe, chem v nashei). Eto govorit o tom, chto i temp zvezdoobrazovaniya na etih krasnyh smesheniyah ranee prinimalsya sushestvenno zanizhennym.
Authors: Jean-Pierre Luminet
Comments: 13 pages, 5 colour figures. Last news on cosmic topology. pdf only, Physics World 18, 22-28 (september 2005)
Populyarnaya stat'ya posvyashena topologii vselennoi. Sut' v tom, kak sdelat' konechnuyu i otnositel'no nebol'shuyu vselennuyu kak by beskonechnoi dlya nahodyashegosya v nei nablyudatelya. Takaya konstrukciya chem-to napominaet zerkal'nyi zal, otsyuda i nazvanie stat'i. Tol'ko vo Vselennoi my, konechno zhe, stalkivaemsya ne s obychnymi zerkalami, a so slozhnoi topologiei, pozvolyayushei lucham sveta ogibat' vselennuyu. V rezul'tate v raznyh oblastyah neba mozhno budet videt' podobnye (no ne tochno odinakovye iz-za iskazhenii) ob'ekty.
Koe-chto na etu temu mozhno pochitat' zdes' , a takzhe zdes'.
Authors: Yeinzon Rodriguez
Comments: Latex file, 129 pages, 11 figures. PhD Thesis. Supervisor: David H. Lyth. Any comments are welcome
Kak izvestno, vozniknovenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury svyazano s neodnorodnostyami, kotorye poyavilis' v ochen' rannei Vselennoi. Dissertaciya, krome original'nyh rezul'tatov, soderzhit podrobnyi obzor vozmozhnyh mehanizmov, privodyashih k takim neodnorodnostyam.
Authors: Emanuele Ripamonti, Tom Abel
Comments: 51 pages, 25 figures. Lecture notes for the spring 2003 SIGRAV Doctoral School "The Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", to be published in: M.Colpi, V.Gorini, F. Haardt, U. Moschella (eds.), "Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies", series in High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Gravitation, Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia
Bol'shoi obzor (lekciya), posvyashennyi obrazovaniyu pervyh svetyashihsya ob'ektov vo vselennoi. T.e. rech' idet o massivnyh pervyh zvezdah, sostoyavshih iz legkih elementov. Oni obrazovalis' do poyavleniya pervyh galaktik i vnesli sushestvennyi vklad v obogashenie vselennoi tyazhelymi elementami.
Authors: Marta Volonteri, Martin J. Rees
Comments: Submitted to ApJ letters. AASTeX format. 11 pages, 1 colour figure
V proshlom vypuske ya upominal problemu rosta massy chernyh dyr. Sut' problemy v tom, chto uzhe na z=5 my vidim ochen' yarkie kvazary, chto govorit o sushestvovanii ochen' massivnyh chernyh dyr. Kak dyry uspevayut narastit' svoyu massu do soten millionov mass Solnca za korotkoe vremya (ot z=20 do z=5) neyasno.
V dannoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya mehanizm, svyazannyi so sverhkriticheskoi akkreciei. Avtory polagayut, chto v ih modeli udaetsya sformirovat' chernye dyry nuzhnyh mass za dostatochno korotkoe vremya.
Authors: A.-C. Davis, T.W.B. Kibble
Comments: Review to appear in Contemporary Physics
Obzor po kosmicheskim strunam. Posvyashen on novym ideyam v etoi oblasti. Delo v tom, chto original'nyi scenarii, predlozhennyi Kibblom, po suti dela zakryt nablyudeniyami. Odnako novye teorii "mira na brane" otkryvayut novye vozmozhnosti.
Authors: Martin Bojowald
Comments: 30 pages, 4 figures, Chapter contributed to "100 Years of Relativity - Space-time Structure: Einstein and Beyond", Ed. A. Ashtekar (World Scientific)
Kak izvestno, naibolee razrabotannoi teoriei, pretenduyushei na "vseobshnost'" yavlyaetsya teoriya strun. Odnako u nee est' i konkurenty. Naibolee sil'nym i perspektivnym schitaetsya teoriya petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii. V dannom obzore rassmotreny kosmologicheskie prilozheniya etoi teorii.
Authors: Varun Sahni, Yuri Shtanov, Alexander Viznyuk
Comments: 20 pages, 4 figures
Na segodnyashnei den' standartnoi model'yu yavlyaetsya t.n. lyambda-CDM. Ona vklyuchaet v sebya vklad temnoi energii (lyambda) i holodnoi temnoi materii (CDM). Osnovnye "parametry Vselennoi", kotorye vy vstrechaete v populyarnyh stat'yah i obzorah, polucheny kak raz v ramkah etoi modeli. Odnako ....
Odnako "zhizn' - eto slozhnaya shtuka" (s). Vpolne mozhet byt', chto my zhivem na brane. I "mir na brane" (braneworld) mozhet mimkrirovat', maskirovat'sya tak, chto my budem schitat', chto rabotaet imenno lyambda-CDM model' v ee standartnom vide.
Varun Sahni (kstati, vypusknik GAISh) i ego soavtory kak raz detal'no razbirayut vozmozhnost' takoi "kosmicheskoi mimikrii".
Authors: Volker Springel
Comments: submitted to MNRAS, 31 pages, 20 figures (reduced resolution), code available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/gadget
Predstavleno detal'noe opisanie odnogo iz kosmologicheskih kodov. Sam kod dostupen.
Authors: Etienne Pointecouteau, Joseph Silk
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, MNRAS submitted
Napomnim, chto MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics - schitaetsya al'ternativoi modeli temnoi materii. MOND v pervuyu ochered' prilagaetsya k krivym vrasheniya galaktik. Odnako est' i drugie nablyudatel'nye dannye, kotorye nado ob'yasnyat' (zametim, chto model' temnoi materii prekrasno s nimi spravlyaetsya).
Avtory issleduyut ogranicheniya na model' MOND po dannym o skopleniyah galaktik. Pokazano, gde MOND vstrechaetsya s ser'eznymi trudnostyami. Eto skopleniya galaktik s ochen' goryachim gazom vnutri.
Otmetim takzhe druguyu stat'yu s uchastiem Etienne Pointecouteau "Modeling the formation of galaxy clusters in MOND". V nei rech' idet o modelirovanii obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik v scenariyah s modelyami MOND. Rezul'taty sravnenii s nablyudeniyami takzhe govoryat o problemah sootvetstvuyushei teorii.
Authors: P. Molaro, M. Centurion, S. D'Odorico, S. Levshakov
Comments: 3 pages, 1 postscript figure
Dano kratkoe izlozhenie vazhnogo otricatel'nogo rezul'tata: dannye noveishih nablyudenii pokazyvayut, chto poka ne udalos' obnaruzhit' variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury po nablyudeniyam spektrov vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov.
Authors: John Ellis
Comments: Invited Plenary Talk at the International Conference on the Physics and Astrophysics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, Kolkata, Feb. 2005: 13 pages, 11 figures, uses IoP style files
"Malen'kie vzryvy" - eto sobytiya stolknoveniya energichnyh chastic na kollaiderah - uskoritelyah na vstrechnyh puchkah. V pechati aktivno obsuzhdaetsya eta tema. Naibolee tipichnyi zagolovok "Fiziki vosproizveli Bol'shoi vzryv v laboratorii". Kak na samom dele sootnosyatsya "malen'kie vzryvy" i Bol'shoi vzryv mozhno uznat' iz etogo obzora, napisannogo odnim iz vedushih specialistov po kosmologii i fizike elementarnyh chastic.
Authors: M.J. Reboucas
Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures. Short review of the topics addressed with details in the lectures. To appear in the proc. of the XIth Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation, eds. M.Novelo and S.E. Perez Bergliaffa, American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings (2005)
Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya.
Sovershenno otdel'no upomyanu, chto na Astrofeste Mihail Prohorov budet delat' populyarnyi doklad na etu temu.
Authors: L. P. Grishchuk
Comments: 31 pages including 8 figures; expanded version of a talk at the international conference eldovich-90', Moscow, December 2004; http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/Z-90
Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi rasshirennuyu versiyu doklada, prochitannogo Leonidom Petrovichem v dekabre proshlogo goda v Moskve. Krome sobstvenno obzora po gravitacionnym volnam v kosmologii v rabote est' i memorial'naya chast', posvyashennaya Ya.B. Zel'dovichu.
Authors: Noam I Libeskind et al.
Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Nauka dvizhetsya vpered.
S odnoi storony rastet tochnost' raschetov formirovaniya galaktik (i
krupnomasshtabnoi struktury): nachav s masshtabov v sotni Mpk,
avtory programm dobralis' uzhe do masshtaba nashei galaktiki. Sootvetstvenno, v
poslednie gody neskol'ko grupp astrofizikov zanimayutsya raschetami obrazovaniya
Mlechnogo Puti i ego sputnikov. Zdes' voznikla interesnaya problema. Raschety
predskazyvali slishkom mnogo sputnikov (bol'she, chem nablyudaetsya).
S drugoi storony, nablyudeniya tozhe ne stoyat na meste. Postoyanno otkryvayutsya novye karlikovye galaktiki v neposredstvennoi blizosti ot nas. Krome togo, nedavno byla otkryta "temnaya galaktika" - sostoyashaya iz gaza, plotnost' kotorogo okazalas' nedostatochna dlya massovogo obrazovaniya zvezd.
V dannoi stat'e obsuzhdaetsya sleduyushii interesnyi aspekt problemy sputnikov Mlechnogo Puti. Okazyvaetsya, chto oni raspredeleny ne sfericheski-simmetrichno, a obrazuyut dovol'no-taki ploskuyu strukturu (sm. risunok vnizu).
Na risunkah pokazano polozhenie sputnikov Mlechnogo Puti (risunki vzyaty s saita www.astro.uu.se/~ns/). Odnako ploskaya struktura luchshe vydelyaetsya na sleduyushem risunke.
Risunok iz stat'i astro-ph/0410421. Zdes' special'no vybrana proekciya, yasno demonstriruyushaya, chto sputniki nashei Galaktiki lezhat prakticheski v odnoi ploskosti.
Libeskind i ego soavtory iz Velikobritanii, Kanady i Avstralii proveli chislennoe modelirovanie metodom mnogih tel (N-body) s cel'yu izucheniya prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya sputnikov galaktiki, podobnoi nashei. Rezul'taty pokazany na risunke.
Dostatochno ochevidno, chto sputniki i v samom dele obrazuyut dovol'no ploskuyu
strukturu. Delo tut vot v chem. Sputniki otslezhivayut ne prosto raspredelenie
temnoi materii (vse raschety provodilis' v ramkah CDM modeli). Sputniki
otmechayut samye massivnye galo. Bolee melkie (o kotoryh
my pisali) ostayutsya bezzvezdnymi. Massa nabiraetsya anizotropno za schet
akkrecii. Vydelennye napravleniya svyazany s filomentarnoi strukturoi.
Process, vklyuchayushii takuyu strukturu pokazan na risunke.
Vse vremya krasnymi kruzhkami otslezhivaetsya polozhenie 11-ti naibolee massivnyh sputnikov. Krasnyi otrezok pokazyvaet masshtab (on sootvetstvuet soputstvuyushei dline 400 kpk). "Blin" obrazuetsya uzhe v samom nachale za schet kollapsa temnoi materii. Takzhe kak i v real'noi situacii v raschetah polozhenie ploskosti, v kotoroi lezhat sputniki, okazalos' prakticheski perpendikulyarnyh ploskosti galaktiki. |
Authors: Andrei Linde
Comments: 270 pages, 35 figures
Linde nachal vykladyvat' svoi knigi v Arhiv!!!!!!! Nikakih kommentariev.
Dobavim, pravda, chto poyavilas' i novaya obzornaya lekciya Linde Inflation and String Cosmology.
Authors: Max Tegmark
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figs, in "Neutrino Physics", Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 129, eds., L Bergstrom, O. Botner, P. Carlson, P. O. Hulth, and T. Ohlsson
Kratko obsuzhdayutsya sovremennye predely na massu neitrino, poluchennye po
dannym kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Rezul'tat sostavyalet 0.42 eV. Eto
ustupaet dannym po atmosfernym neitrino. Odnako avtor obsuzhdaet, kak v
blizhaishee vremya iz kosmologii mozhno poluchit' bolee tochnye dannye.
Authors: Louis-Gregory Strolger, Adam G. Riess
Comments: 24 pages (6 figures), submitted to the Astronomical Journal
Ul'traglubokie snimki, poluchennye na Kosmicheskom teleskope, pozvolyayut iskat' sverhnovye na krasnyh smesheniyah do 2.2. Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty takih poiskov. Obnaruzheno chetyre sverhnovye, odnako vse oni nahodyatsya blizhe chem z=1.4.
Authors: G. Chapline
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures
Obsuzhdayutsya protivorechiya mezhdu kvantovoi mehanikoi i obshei teoriei otnositel'nosti na primere kollapsiruyushih ob'ektov. Sami "Zvezdy temnoi energii" - eto al'ternativa chernym dyram.
Podcherknem, chto stat'ya bolee chem spornaya. Odnako interesnaya.
Authors: Dagny Kimberly, Joao Magueijo
Comments: Lectures given at XI BSCG
Lekcii, posvyashennye oblasti, lezhashei mezhdu sovsem uzh teoreticheskoi (prakticheski, matematicheskoi) fizikoi i nablyudeniyami (v pervuyu ochered' kosmologicheskimi). Poskol'ku eto ne special'nyi obzor, a lekcii, prochitannye na shkole, to izlozhenie bolee dostupno, chem mozhet byt' nekotorye ozhidayut. Hotya, konechno, eto i ne chtenie dlya metro.
Krome bolee-menee standartnyh idei i podhodov avtory obsuzhdayut i nekotorye
radikal'nye idei.
V lekciyah takzhe zatronuty takie oblasti, svyazannye s diskussiyami v svyazi s
perspektivoi sozdaniya kvantovoi gravitacii, kak kosmicheskie luchi
sverhvysokih energiya i variacii konstant.
Authors: Nino Panagia
Comments: [14 pages, 4 figures] Invited review, to be published in the proceedings of the Vulcano Workshop 2004 "Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics", F. Giovannelli & G. Mannocchi (eds.), Italian Physical Society, Editrice Compositori, Bologna, Italy (in press)
Dostatochno podrobnyi obzor tekushego sostoyaniya del v opredelenii kosmologicheskih parametrov po nablyudeniyam dalekih sverhnovyh tipa Ia. Nikakih sensacii net. Nablyudeniya podtverzhdayut model' s 70-procentnym vkladom lyambda-chlena. Tem ne menee obzor interesnyi, osobenno diskussiya o vozmozhnyh problemah etogo podhoda.
Authors: Tarun Souradeep
Comments: 13 pages, 4 figures, Latex style files included; Chairperson's summary of the Workshop on Cosmology in the proceedings of ICGC-04, Jan.5-10,2004; Journal-ref: Pramana 63 (2004) 891-904
Obzor bol'shoi konferencii po kosmologii. Interesno okinut' spektr idei i podhodov, sushestvuyushei v etoi burno razvivayusheisya nauke.
Authors: Robert Minchin et al.
Comments: Accepted to ApJL, 12 pages
Vazhnoe otkrytie sdelali britanskie astronomy (populyarnoe izlozhenie sm. na saite