The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Ekzoplanety
(Arhiv Ekzoplanety: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
Authors: Gordon A.H. Walker
Comments: 23 pages
Na moi vzglyad, otkrytie ekzoplanet - vpolne nobelevskii rezul'tat. No tam est' interesnyi spor o prioritete i tp. diskussii. Pervyi dostovernyi rezul'tat byl opublikovan v 1995 godu Maierom i Kvelocem. Eto byli pervye planety okolo normal'nyh zvezd. I, na moi vzglyad, imenno oni i dolzhny schitat'sya pervootkryvatelyami. No do nih (sm. podrobnuyu istoriyu naprimer v Vikipedii) bylo neskol'ko vazhnyh rabot. Vo-pervyh, byli dostoverno otkryty planety okolo pul'sarov. Vo-vtoryh, byli rannie raboty, kotorye pozzhe poluchili podtverzhdenie (i, konechno zhe, byli rannie raboty, kotorye podtverzhdeniya ne poluchili).
V obsuzhdaemoi stat'e odin iz avtorov teper' znamenitoi stat'i 1988 goda opisyvaet istoriyu ih poiskov. Na moi vzglyad, poskol'ku seichas tot rezul'tat poluchil podtverzhdenie, avtor slegka preuvelichivaet znachimost' ih raboty. "Pervye vysokotochnye ..." eto ne sovsem "vysokotochno". V konce 80h- nachale 90h im yavno ne hvatalo tochnosti, potomu bol'shinstvo (ne isklyuchaya i samih avtorov) somnevalos', i spravedlivo polagalo, chto nuzhny bolee tochnye nablyudeniya, kotorye i stali vozmozhny vo mnogom blagodarya Maieru i ego kollegam. Tem ne menee, pochitat' ves'ma polezno i interesno.
Authors: L. Hebb et al.
Comments: Accepted to ApJ, 14 pages
Otkryta samaya goryachaya iz tranzitnyh planet, i radius u nee samyi bol'shoi. Massa planety 1.3-1.5 yupiterianskih. Radius 1.7-1.9 radiusov Yupitera. Stol' bol'shaya velichina ob'yasnyaetsya blizost'yu k goryachei zvezde. Orbital'nyi period sostavlyaet chut' bol'she odnogo dnya (kak ya ponimayu, eto tozhe rekord), a zvezda chut' goryachee Solnca (spektral'nyi klass F3). Temperatura planety okolo 2500K.
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Authors: I.A.G. Snellen et al.
Comments: 7 pages, to appear in A&A
Podtverzhdeno obnaruzhenie tranzitnoi planety v ramkah proekta OGLE. Sama planeta dostatochno zauryadna (goryachii yupiter), no ona obnaruzhena vokrug dostatochno bystrovrashayusheisya zvezdy. Napomnyu, chto schitaetsya, chto zvezdy s planetnymi sistemami dolzhny vrashat'sya medlenno (v solnechnoi sisteme pochti ves' moment "sidit" v planetah). Krome togo, eto samaya goryachaya (na segodnyashnii den') zvezda s planetoi.
Sm. takzhe press-reliz.
Authors: M. Mugrauer, R. Neuhauser
Comments: 7 pages, A&A in press
Obnaruzheny dva malomassivnyh (0.18 i 0.35 mass Solnca) sputnika u dvuh zvezd s ekzoplanetami. Odin iz nih (bolee massivnyi) nahoditsya vsego lish' v 230 a.e. ot vtoroi zvezdy. V principe, osoboi novizny tut net. Eto uzhe 42-ya i 43-ya dvoinaya sistema s ekzoplanetami. No polezno znat', chto dazhe bez ucheta effektov selekcii okolo 17% ekzoplanetnyh sistem nahodyatsya v dvoinyh i kratnyh sistemah.
Authors: Paul Kalas et al.
Comments: 25 pages, to appear in Science November 13, 2008
Po nablyudeniyam na Kosmicheskom teleskope otkryta planeta okolo blizkoi zvezdy Fomal'gaut. Polucheno pryamoe izobrazhenie planety. Nablyudaetsya ee dvizhenie vokrug materinskoi zvezdy. Podrobnee sm. yubileinuyu sotuyu Astronomicheskuyu Nauchnuyu Kartinku Dnya.
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Authors: J. Schneider et al.
Comments: 12 pages, a White paper submitted to ESA
Avtory (spravedlivo) polagayut, chto poluchenie pryamyh izobrazhenii ekzoplanet - eto kraine vazhnaya zadacha. Konechno, takaya mysl' ne nova, i lyudi uzhe zanimayutsya razrabotkoi moshnyh kosmicheskih proektov, kotorye pozvolyat "v promyshlennyh masshtabah" poluchat' takie dannye. No do osushestvleniya krupnyh proektov poka dalekovato. A potomu avtory zashishayut ideyu o dostatochno bystrom sozdanii kosmicheskogo teleskopa-koronografa 1-2-metrovogo diametra dlya polucheniya pryamyh izobrazhenii. V chastnosti, avtory predlagayut udelit' bol'she vnimaniya super-zemlyam (s massoi raz v desyat' bol'she zemnoi), t.k. oni potencial'no obitaemy, a iskat' ih i issledovat' gorazdo proshe.
Authors: C. Marois et al.
Comments: 30 pages, Science Express
Nakonec-to i v Arhive poyavilas' stat'ya, o kotoroi napisali navernoe vse novostnye lenty: pervyi gruppovoi portret ekzoplanetnoi sistemy (kstati, sm. bol'shuyu stat'yu Maksima Borisova v 17-m nomere Troickogo varianta).
Udalos' uvidet' tri planety s massami poryadka neskol'kih yupiterianskih, vrashayushihsya na rasstoyaniyah ot 24 do 68 a.e. ot zvezdy.
Authors: A.-M. Lagrange et al.
Comments: 5 pages, A&A Letter
Po dannym nablyudenii na VLT avtory obnaruzhili v pylevom diske vokrug zvezdy beta Zhivopisca tochechnyi ob'ekt. Poka oni govoryat o "veroyatnom otkrytii", t.k. bylo by neploho uvidet', chto ob'ekt v samom dele vrashaetsya vokrug zvezdy.
Poka privodyatsya sleduyushie ocenki. Rasstoyanie ot zvezdy: 8 a.e. Massa planety - okolo 8 yupiterianskih.
Nalichie planety predskazyvalos' ishodya iz struktury diska, tak chto ob'ekt "na meste" i ego parametry sootvetstvuyut ozhidaemym. No eshe pridetsya podozhdat' okonchatel'nogo podtverzhdeniya.
Authors: M. Jura et al.
Comments: 21 pages, AJ in press
Okolo shesti belyh karlikov obnaruzheny diski s bol'shim soderzhaniem silikatov. Polagayut, chto eto rezul'tat prilivnogo razrusheniya asteroidov. Koli ono tak, to mozhno issledovat' sostav planet tipa Zemli, kotorye krutilis' vokrug zvezdy, prevrativsheisya v belyi karlik. Okazyvaetsya, chto tam, tak zhe kak i v Solnechnoi sisteme (naprimer, esli sravnivat' CI-hondrity i zemnuyu mantiyu), tverdye planety sostoyali iz porod, obednennyh uglerodom.
Authors: M. Deleuil et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for A&A
V ramkah kosmicheskogo proekta CoRoT otkryta interesnaya tranzitnaya planeta. Tochnee, ne ochen' yasno nado li klassificirovat' eto kak planetu. Ob'ekt vrashaetsya na ochen' tesnoi orbite (period 4.26 dnya) vokrug zvezdy klassa F3. Massa ob'ekta okolo 20-23 mass Yupitera, plotnost' - 20-30 g v kubicheskom santimetre (!). Eto ili unikal'no malomassivnyi buryi karlik ili predstavitel' nekoego novogo klassa "superplanet".
Authors: J. I. Lunine et al.
Comments: 195 pages, eport of the Exoplanet Task Force to the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee
Megaobzor!
Osnovnaya cel' - dat' rekomendacii po razvitiyu programm v oblasti issledovaniya ekzoplanet. My uzhe znaem ochen' mnogo ob ekzoplanetah (kstati, stranno, chto nikak ne dadut nobelevskuyu premiyu za otkrytie pervyh), seichas izvestno bolee 200 sistem (na russkom smotri takzhe prekrasnyi proekt Viki Vorob'evoi). Polucheny pryamye izobrazheniya ekzoplanet (pust' i dlya specificheskih sistem). Poyavlyayutsya kandidaty v sistemy tipa nashei (horoshii korotkii obzor mozhno posmotret' tut). No eto tol'ko nachalo: est' vozmozhnost' dlya rezkogo progressa, esli nachat' razrabatyvat' novye tehnologii.
Obzor ochen' polnyi, no pri etom dostupnyi (napisan ne tol'ko ine stol'ko dlya uzkih professionalov, a dlya shirokogo kruga lyudei, prinimayushih resheniya).
Otdel'no dam ssylku na odnu diskussiyu v
ZhZh,
svyazannuyu s issledovaniyami v oblasti SETI.
Na moi vzglyad,
uspeh pridet blagodarya razvitiyu chisto astronomicheskih
programm v oblasti obzorov neba v raznyh diapazonah i v issledovanii
ekzoplanet. Ne vse razdelyayut etu tochku zreniya (sm., naprimer,
nashu diskussiyu s A. Zaicevym). Pochitat' po etoi tematike stoit izvestnuyu
knigu Shklovskogo (esli eshe ne chitali),
knigu Gindilisa i
stat'yu Lipunova.
Ssylku na diskussiyu ya dayu kak raz potomu, chto iz obzora yasno, kak mnogo my
mozhem uznat' ob ekzoplanetah v blizhaishie 15 let. Esli vy dobavite
predstavlenie o tom, kak razvivayutsya obzory neba v raznyh diapazonah (odni
plany po poisku radiotranzientov chego stoyat! Tut otmechu proekt LOFAR, nu i
konechno zhe plany po sozdaniyu SKA), to stanet yasno, chto cherez 15 let mozhno
budet vesti kuda kak bolee plodotvornuyu diskussiyu o zhizni vo vselennoi.
Osnovnye nereshennye voprosy budut svyazany uzhe s proishozhdeniem zhizni i
poyavleniem razuma i ego evolyucii, a ne s astronomiei.
Eshe skazhu: zhal', chto u nas net legko dostupnyh obzorov takogo tipa.
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O tranzitnyh planetah sm. obzor arxiv:0808.3007
Authors: Travis S. Metcalfe
Comments: 10 pages, 7 figures, Proc. SOHO XXI/GONG 2008
V sleduyushem godu budet zapushen sputnik KEPLER. Eto budet pervaya specializirovannaya missiya, sposobnaya otkryvat' planety tipa Zemli okolo zvezd tipa Solnca. Avtor daet obzor proekta, a takzhe obsuzhdaet, kak s pomosh'yu metodov astroseismologii budut opredelyat'sya parametry zvezd.
Authors: David S. Spiegel, Kristen Menou, Caleb A. Scharf
Comments: 34 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ
V formirovanii klimata vazhneishuyu rol' igraet naklon osi vrasheniya planety k ploskosti ee orbity vokrug zvezdy. U Zemli naklon osi v znachitel'noi stepeni stabilizirovan Lunoi. U ekzoplanet zemnogo tipa v poyasah obitaniya mogut byt' raznoobraznye naklony osi vrasheniya k ploskosti orbity, a v otsutstvie massivnyh sputnikov oni mogut izmenyat'sya. Vse eto ne sposobstvuet poyavleniyu i razvitiyu zhizni. Eto-to i issleduyut avtory.
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Authors: Joshua N. Winn
Comments: submitted to Proc. IAU Symp. No. 253, "Transiting Planets", eds. F. Pont et al., May 19-23, 2008, Cambridge, MA [11 pages]
Pri prohozhdenii planety po disku zvezdy mozhno izmeryat' mnogo parametrov i nablyudat' mnogo raznyh effektov. V tablice v svoem nebol'shom obzore Vinn perechislyaet 26 parametrov i effektov. Chast' iz nih uzhe izmeryayut, chast' - budut izmeryat' v nedalekom budushem.
Obzor nebol'shoi i ochen' ponyatnyi. Ne vse effekty, i ne vse puti izmereniya parametrov opisany, no dlya vseh dany ssylki. A te, kotorye opisany, opisany ochen' horosho.
Authors: Andrew Youdin
Comments: 20 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the Les Houches Winter School "Physics and Astrophysics of Planetary Systems"
Lekciya posvyashena nachal'nym periodam evolyucii protoplanetnyh diskov, kogda proishodit rost planetezimalei. Okonchatel'noi yasnosti v etoi oblasti net, a potomu avtor rassmatrivaet raznye processy, kotorye mogut idti v diskah.
V paru k etoi lekcii stoit prochest' i arxiv:0807.1272.
Authors: K. von Braun et al.
Comments: To appear in the Proceedings of the 253rd IAU Symposium: "Transiting Planets", May 2008, Cambridge, MA. 4 pages, 2 figures
Opisana sluzhba (i baza dannyh) NStED (NASA/IPAC/MSC Star and Exoplanet Database). Privodyatsya dannye po 140 000 yarkim blizkim zvezdam, po izvestnym planetam i tp. Razumeetsya, baza budet rasti, osobenno posle zapuska novyh sputnikov, special'no prednaznachennyh dlya poiska ekzoplanet.
Authors: M. Mayor et al.
Comments: Submitted to A&A (6 pages)
Avtory rasskazyvayut ob obnaruzhenii u zvezdy HD40307 treh planet na krugovyh orbitah, kazhdaya iz kotoryh otnositsya k klassu "superzemel'". Zvezda - eto malometallichnyi karlik klassa K2, nahodyashiisya v 13 parsekah ot nas. Periody planet 4.3, 9.6 i 20.5 dnei, t.e. oni ochen' blizki k zvezde.
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Authors: Rodrigo F. Daz et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Avtory obnaruzhili periodicheski otkloneniya v dvizhenii odnoi iz vnesolnechnyh planet. Edinstvennym vozmozhnym ob'yasneniem, po mneniyu avtorov, yavlyaetsya vliyanie planety s massoi poryadka zemnoi.
Soobsheniya o novyh otkrytiyah tranzitnyh planet s massoi v neskol'ko yupiterianskih mozhno naiti zdes': arxiv:0806.1478, arxiv:0806.1482.
Authors: D.P. Bennett et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Scheduled for the Sept. 1, 2008 issue
Avtory interpretiruyut sobytie mikrolinzirovanie MOA-2007-BLG-192 kak paru iz sub-zvezdnogo ob'ekta (0.06 massy Solnca) i malomassivnoi planety (5 mass Zemli). Odnako, po linzirovaniyu bez opticheskogo otozhdestvleniya nel'zya tochno opredelit' parametry, rech' idet lish' o naibolee veroyatnyh (dostatochno tochno opredelyaetsya lish' otnoshenie mass). S drugoi storony, est' nadezhda vse-taki uvidet' linzu i issledovat' ee (idut nablyudeniya na VLT). V lyubom sluchae, uzhe mozhno utverzhdat', chto my imeem delo s naibolee legkim ob'ektom, okolo kotorogo est' planeta. A vot yavlyaetsya li planeta naibolee legkoi iz izvestnyh, pokazhut budushie nablyudeniya.
Authors: Arcadio Poveda, Patricia Lara
Comments: 4 pages, Accepted for publication in RevMexAA
Sistema 55 Raka yavlyaetsya rekodsmenom po chislu planet - ih tam pyat'. Avtory primenyayut k etoi sisteme izvestnyi zakon Ticiusa-Bode. Okazyvaetsya, on horosho vypolnyaetsya dlya etoi sistemy. Bolee togo. Samaya dalekaya iz izvestnyh planet v 55 Raka dolzhna imet' nomer 6, chtoby tochki horosho lozhilis' na krivuyu. Znachit, avtory predskazyvayut eshe odnu planetu v etoi sisteme. V nekotorom smysle, mozhno predskazyvat', chto tam dolzhny byt' eshe bolee dalekie planetu, t.e., predskazat' sed'muyu, vos'muyu i tp. I avtory pishut o planete, sootvetstvuyushei nomeru 7 v zakone Ticiusa-Bode, no eto uzhe menee veroyatno.
Authors: Brian Jackson, Richard Greenberg, Rory Barnes
Comments: 19 pages, Accepted for publication to ApJ
Avtory rassmatrivayut, naskol'ko prilivnoi nagrev vazhen pri raschetah svoistv ekzoplanet. Okazyvaetsya, chto on vnosit ochen' sushestvennyi vklad v teplovoi balans. V chastnosti, dlya zemnopodobnyh planet on mozhet byt' dostatochnym, chtoby privesti ili k zhutkoi tektonicheskoi aktivnosti, ili dazhe k polnomu rasplavleniyu planety.
Authors: B.S.Gaudi et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the 15 February 2008 issue of Science
S pomosh'yu mikrolinzirovaniya vokrug zvezdy s massoi 0.5 solnechnyh, nahodyasheisya na rasstoyanii okolo 1.5 kpk ot nas, otkryty dve planety. Massy sostavlyayut 0.71 i 0.27 massy Yupitera. Rasstoyaniya ot zvezdy 2.3 i 4.6 a.e. T.o., eto ves'ma pohozhe na Yupiter i Saturn v Solnechnoi sisteme.
Dlya analiza otkrytiya planet ponadobilis' dannye mnozhestva observatorii, nablyudavshie dannoi sobytie mikrolinzirovaniya (ono poluchilo kod OGLE-2006-BLG-109).
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Authors: Ignasi Ribas, Andreu Font-Ribera, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Srazu otmechu nalichie znaka voprosa v zagolovke. T.e., eto ne 100-procentnoe otkrytie, a "sil'noe ukazanie na". Tem ne menee. Tem ne menee, eto ukazanie na otkrytie legkoi (pyat' zemnyh mass) planety vokrug zvezdy glavnoi posledovatel'nosti (pravda, eto dovol'no tusklyi krasnyi karlik spektral'nogo klassa M).
Zapodozrit' sushestvovanie legkoi planety avtory smogli po otkloneniyam v dvizhenii bolee massivnoi (s massoi poryadka neptunovoi) planety. Massivnaya planeta - tranzitnaya. Otsyuda i vtoraya polovina zagolovka. Imenno "skol'zyashii" harakter prohoda massivnoi planety po disku zvezdy pozvolil obnaruzhit' (tochnee - zapodozrit') malye otkloneniya, vozmozhno vyzyvaemye legkoi planetoi.
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Authors: D.M. Williams, E. Gaidos
Comments: 41 pages, 7 figures. Icarus in press
Avtory utverzhdayut, chto planety s okeanami i atmosferami tipa zemnoi mozhno budet vydelyat' po krivym bleska, t.k. svet ot ih solnca budet blikovat' na poverhnosti okeana. Ideya ochen' krasivaya i avtory ee detal'no razvivayut.
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Authors: M. Dominik et al.
Comments: 4 pages with 2 eps figures embedded. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten as part of the Proceedings of the Joint VOEvent & HTN Workshop "Hot-wiring the Transient Universe" held in Tucson, Arizona (US), June 4-7 2007
Napomnyu, chto poka samaya legkaya planeta (s massoi poryadka 5 zemnyh) byla obnaruzhena metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. Zdes', pravda, nuzhno sdelat' odin kommentarii o metode. My govorim o mikrolinzirovanii, kogda odna zvezda linziruetsya drugoi (ili analogichnym ob'ektom: belym karlikom, neitronnoi zvezdoi, chernoi dyroi, burym karlikom i tp.). Sootvetstvenno, uchenye sledyat odnovremenno za millionami zvezd-istochnikov. Esli pryamo pered odnoi iz nih proletit zvezda-linza, to my uvidim vozrastanie bleska zvezdy-istochnika. Esli u linzy est' sputnik (planeta), to na krivoi bleska budet harakternyi pichok. Analiziruya krivuyu bleska mozhno poluchit' raspredelenie veroyatnostei dlya parametrov linzy (i ee sputnika, esli on est'). No kraine redko udaetsya obnaruzhit' samu linzu! Tak chto nesmotrya na svoyu silu metod mikrolinzirovaniya, v smysle poiska ekzoplanet, imeet i sushestvennye nedostatki: i zvezda-linza i ee sputnik chashe vsego ne nablyudayutsya posle sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya, a parametry ne opredelyayutsya dostatochno dostoverno. Tem ne menee.....
Tem ne menee, v obozrimom budushem tol'ko etot metod mozhet pozvolit' nabrat' bol'shuyu statistiku po legkim planetam. A dlya etogo nado mnogo nablyudat'. A dlya etogo nuzhno mnogo teleskopov-robotov, sovmestnye usiliya i horoshaya obrabotka dannyh. Vot eto-to i yavlyaetsya predmetom stat'i. Vozmozhno, chto i sami zvezdy-linzy udast'sya "vyhvatyvat'".
Authors: Sean N. Raymond
Comments: 19 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 249: Exoplanets: Detection, Formation and Dynamics, held in Suzhou, China, Oct 22-26 2007
Stat'ya posvyashena formirovaniyu zemnopodobnyh planet. Na 2-6 stranicah avtor privodit obzor sovremennoi modeli etogo processa. Zatem on perehodit k poluobzornomu izlozheniyu svoih (i soavtorov) rezul'tatov. Oni tozhe ves'ma interesny, no ya obrashayu vashe vnimanie na stat'yu v pervuyu ochered' imenno radi obzora, davaemogo v razdele 2.
Authors: W. von Bloh, C. Bounama, M. Cuntz, S. Franck
Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure; submitted to: Exoplanets: Detection, Formation and Dynamics, IAU Symposium 249, eds. Y.S. Sun and S. Ferraz-Mello (San Francisco: Astr. Soc. Pac.)
Proshel simpozium Exoplanets: Detection, Formation and Dynamics , i v Arhive stali poyavlyat'sya stat'i, napravlennye v materialy etoi vstrechi. V dannoi stat'e rech' idet o vozmozhnosti zhizni na planetah s massami v 5-10 raz bol'she zemnoi, no s analogichnym sostavom, eto t.n. super-Zemli. Avtory stroyat model', v kotoroi ocenivaetsya vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya fotosinteza na super-zemlyah. Model' prilagaetsya k dvum planetam: Gliese 581c and 581d. Pervaya iz nih okazyvaetsya sovsem ne prigodnoi, a vot otnositel'no vtoroi est' nebol'shaya nadezhda, chto tam mogut sushestvovat' primitivnye (no lish' primitivnye) formy zhizni.
Nemnogo o drugih stat'yah iz togo zhe sbornika.
V rabote arxiv:0712.3239 Avtory vnov' vozvrashayutsya k teme ustoichivosti orbit v dvoinoi sisteme.
Krome togo, proshel simpozium Bioastronomy 2007: Molecules, Microbes and Extraterrestrial Life, i mnogie stat'i poyavlyayutsya v dvuh ekzemplyarah, kak, naprimer, arxiv:0712.3257 i arxiv:0712.3260, gde avtory obsuzhdayut vliyanie izlucheniya fotosfer zvezd spektral'nyh klassov F, G, K i M na slozhnye molekuly (naprimer, DNK). Takzhe est' i "klon" stat'i o planetnyh orbitah v dvoinoi sisteme: arxiv:0712.3266.
Authors: S. H. Saar, M. Cuntz, V. L. Kashyap, J. C. Hall
Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure; Exoplanets: Detection, Formation and Dynamics, IAU Symposium 249, eds. Y.S. Sun and S. Ferraz-Mello (San Francisco: Astr. Soc. Pac.)
Etu stat'yu hochetsya vydelit' otdel'no.
V sisteme HD 179949 planeta-gigant vrashaetsya na blizkoi orbite (period tri dnya) vokrug zvezdy glavnoi posledovatel'nosti klassa F9. Nablyudaya etu sistemu na Chandre, avtory obnaruzhili variaciyu rentgenovskogo izlucheniya na 30 procentov. Period kolebanii svetimosti raven periodu obrasheniya planety vokrug zvezdy. Krome togo, v maksimume svetimosti uvelichivaetsya temperatura, opredelyaemaya po rentgenovskomu spektru. Sushestvenno, chto perioda vrasheniya zvezdy (7-11 dnei) vokrug svoei osi otlichaetsya ot periody planety, te.e modulyaciya tochno ne svyazana s sobstvennym vrasheniem zvezdy.
Authors: Debra A. Fischer, et al.
Comments: accepted to ApJ
Avtory predstavlyayut rezul'taty, kotorye pozvolyayut govorit' o tom, chto v sisteme 55 Raka otkryta uzhe pyataya planeta! Period pyatoi planety sostavlyaet 260 dnei. Rasstoyanie ot zvezdy - 0.78 a.e.
Buduchi pyatoi po schetu obnaruzhennoi, eta planeta ne pyataya po udalennosti ot svoego solnca, a chetvertaya.
Authors: Avi M. Mandell
Comments: 15 pages, invited review talk, to appear in the ASP conference proceedings of the "Frank N. Bash Symposium 2007: New Horizons in Astronomy", editors: A. Frebel, J. Maund, J. Shen, M. Siegel
"Rasshirit' i uglubit'".
Tolkovyi obzor po vozmozhnostyam sushestvovaniya zhizni vo vselennoi i po ee poisku. Vse voprosy obsuzhdayutsya, nachinaya s tel solnechnoi sistemy. Razumeetsya, avtoru prihoditsya davat' opisanie nashih znanii ob ekzoplanetnyh sistemah, ob ih obrazovanii. Eto dovol'no uzkoe mesto, poskol'ku izvestno poka malo (osobenno pro obrazovanie). Tem ne menee, obzor chitaetsya legko i soderzhit udobnuyu svodku poslednih dannyh.
Authors: M. Jura et al.
Comments: 21 pages, AJ in press
Okolo shesti belyh karlikov obnaruzheny diski s bol'shim soderzhaniem silikatov. Polagayut, chto eto rezul'tat prilivnogo razrusheniya asteroidov. Koli ono tak, to mozhno issledovat' sostav planet tipa Zemli, kotorye krutilis' vokrug zvezdy, prevrativsheisya v belyi karlik. Okazyvaetsya, chto tam, tak zhe kak i v Solnechnoi sisteme (naprimer, esli sravnivat' CI-hondrity i zemnuyu mantiyu), tverdye planety sostoyali iz porod, obednennyh uglerodom.
Authors: B. Scott Gaudi
Comments: 12 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Extreme Solar Systems," ASP Conference Series, ed. Debra Fischer, Fred Rasio, Steve Thorsett and Alex Wolszczan
Sobstvenno, nazvanie otrazhaet soderzhanie. Nebol'shoi obzor posvyashen odnomu iz metodov poiska ekzoplanet. Sushestvenno, chto etot metod uzhe seichas pozvolyaet obnaruzhivat' nebol'shie planety tipa Zemli. Konechno, ogromnym nedostatkom metoda yavlyaetsya to, chto posle obnaruzheniya sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya zvezda s planetoi mozhet byt' ``uteryana``. Etomu posvyashen epigraf stat'i, s kotorym ya sovetuyu oznakomit'sya :).
Authors: P.E. Verrier, N.W. Evans
Comments: 16 pages, MNRAS, in press
V troinyh sistemah mozhno ozhidat' pyati tipov ustoichivyh planetnyh orbit: vokrug kazhdoi iz zvezd, vokrug dvoinoi (sistema ierarhicheskaya, t.e. est' dvoinaya i tret'ya zvezda, stoyashaya "v storone"), i vokrug troinoi. Avtory detal'no issleduyut etu neprostuyu situaciyu i rassmatrivayut, chto mozhno ozhidat' v sluchae izvestnyh troinyh zvezd. Kak i sledovalo ozhidat', daleko ne vse iz nih imeyut hot' kakie-to oblasti, v kotoryh mogut sushestvovat' ustoichivye orbity. Tem ne menee, primerno dlya poloviny izvestnyh troinyh mozhno nadeyat'sya otkryt' planety "treh solnc".
Authors: Eric Gaidos et al.
Comments: 13 pages, to appear in Science, October 12, 2007
Neplohaya populyarnaya stat'ya po ekzoplanetam, podobnym Zemle. Obsuzhdaetsya obrazovanie takih planet, puti ih obnaruzheniya, vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya na nih zhizni.
Authors: Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Jes K. Jorgensen
Comments: Invited review, 8 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the proceedings of "Science with ALMA: a New Era for Astrophysics". Astrophysics & Space Science, in press
Mnogie, navernoe, videli v EvroN'yus syuzhet pro proekt ALMA. V stat'e daetsya kratkii obzor po odnomu iz napravlenii issledovanii na ALMA.
Odna iz osnovnyh zadach proekta - prolit' svet na formirovanie zvezd i planet. Ozhidaetsya, chto mozhno budet rassmotret' protoplanetnye diski s prostranstvennym razresheniem do 1 a.e.!
Authors: Georgi Mandushev et al.
Comments: 5 pages
Otkryta ocherednaya ekzoplaneta. Interes sostoit v tom, chto ona pobila odin iz rekordov. TrES-4 - eto planeta, prohodyashaya po disku svoei zvezdy (s tochki zreniya zemnogo nablyudatelya). Period obrasheniya vokrug zvezdy ochen' korotkii: 3.55 dnei. Zvezda chut' massivnee (a znachit bol'she i goryachee) chem Solnce. Neudivitel'no, chto planeta ot etoi pechki "puhnet". Radius planety primerno v 1.7 raza bol'she yupiterianskogo, a massa chut' men'she, chem u Yupitera. V itoge, my imeem planetu s ochen' nizkoi plotnost'yu. Eto rekord. Avtory polagayut, chto eto otkrytie stavit nekotorye problemy pered teoriei struktury goryachih yupiterov.
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Authors: Giovanna Tinetti et al.
Comments: 14 pages, Nature 2007, 448, p 163
Original nashumevshei stat'i o liniyah vodyanogo para v spektre odnoi iz ekzoplanet.
Rech' idet o goryachem yupitere HD189733b. nablyudeniya provodilis' na Spitcere v mikronnom diapazone dlin voln.
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Authors: M. Gillon et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures
Po dannym, poluchennym s pomosh'yu kosmicheskoi infrakrasnoi observatorii Spitcer, udalos' dostatochno tochno opredelit' radius odnoi iz ekzoplanet, a zaodno i ee zvezdy. Planetnyi radius raven 4 - 4.4 radiusa Zemli. Radius zvezdy: 0.45 - 0.485 radiusa Solnca. Naklonenie orbity 85-86 gradusov. Edinstvennym predpolozhenie, sdelannym dlya polucheniya tochnyh chislennyh znachenii, byla massa zvezdy: 0.4-0.48 mass Solnca.
Planeta otnositsya k klassu "goryachih neptunov", buduchi dostatochno pohozhei na Neptun i raspolagayas' poblizosti ot zvezdy.
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0707.2778.
Authors: Luc Arnold
Comments: Invited talk in "Strategies for Life Detection" (ISSI Bern, 24-28 April 2006) to appear in a hardcopy volume of the ISSI Space Science Series, Eds, J. Bada et al., and also in an issue of Space Science Reviews. 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Delo Tihova (knizhkami kotorogo ya zachityvalsya v maloletstve) zhivet i pobezhdaet. Avtor daet obzor rabot, svyazannyh s izucheniem vozmozhnosti registracii v spektrah ekzoplanet specificheskih detalei, svyazannyh s otrazheniem sveta rastitel'nost'yu.
Authors: G. Galletta, et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures. Mem. SAIt, in press
LISA - Laboratorio Italiano di Simulazione Ambiente (Ital'yanskaya laboratoriya dlya modelirovaniya okruzhayushei sredy, sm. opisanie proekta na ital'yanskom yazyke). Proekt realizovan v Padue. Eksperiment pozvolyaet modelirovat' usloviya ot normal'nyh dlya cheloveka do marsianskih. Imenno marsianskoi chasti proekta i posvyashena korotkaya zametka.
Bylo provedeno neskol'ko "progonov", v kotoryh spory i bakterii podvergalis' "vnezemnym" mucheniyam v usloviyah, pohozhih na marsianskie. Cel'yu bylo proverit' vyzhivut ili net. Koe-kakie obrazcy vyzhivali.
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Authors: Matthew W. Muterspaugh et al.
Comments: Chapter to appear in the book "Planets in Binary Star Systems," ed. Nader Haghighipour (Springer publishing company), 2007; 33 Pages
V izdatel'stve Shpringer vyhodit kniga po planetam vokrug dvoinyh zvezd. Glavy iz nee potihon'ku vykladyvayutsya v Arhiv.
Obnaruzhit' planetu v dvoinoi zvezdnoi sisteme - eto sovsem ne to zhe samoe, chto obnaruzhit' ee okolo odinochnoi zvezdy. S tochki zreniya metodov nablyudeniya neobhodimo ispol'zovat' neskol'ko otlichnuyu tehniku. Sobstvenno, etim otlichiyam i posvyashen obzor arxiv:0705.3072. Krome togo, opisano, pochemu tak vazhno issledovat' planety v dvoinyh.
Obrazovanie i evolyuciya planet v dvoinyh sistemah protekaet ne tak, kak vokrug odinochnyh zvezd. Ob etom v detalyah mozhno prochest' vo vtorom obzore arxiv:0705.3113. Obrazovaniyu i evolyucii orbit planet v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah posvyashena takzhe stat'ya arxiv:0705.3421.
Eshe odna glava knigi "Planets in Binary Star Systems" poyavilas' kak e-print arxiv:0705.3141. Ona posvyashena poisku planet s pomosh'yu spektrografa SARG.
V stat'e arxiv:0705.3182, takzhe yavlyayusheisya glavoi v novoi knige ob ekzoplanetah, rassmatrivaetsya neustoichivost' v protoplanetnom diske v dvoinoi sisteme.
Dzhon Chambers v svoei glave arxiv:0705.3223 pishet o chislennyh metodah i special'nyh ustroistvah, pozvolyayushih uskoryat' raschety dinamiki planet v dvoinyh sistemah.
Eshe iz opublikovannyh v Arhive glav, arxiv:0705.3173, povestvuet o nablyudatel'nyh ogranicheniyah na chislo i svoistva planet v dvoinyh sistemah.
Prato i Vainberger napisali nebol'shuyu glavu o diskah vokrug molodyh dvoinyh zvezd.
Vopros sushestvovaniya planet tipa Zemli v sistemah dvoinyh zvezd obsuzhdaetsya v glave arxiv:0705.3444.
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Authors: William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Jacob L. Bean
Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures. Astrophysical Journal in press, 1 September 2007 issue
Otkryto dve planety yupiterianskoi massy (>0.89 i >0.5 mass Yupitera) na shirokih (195 i 530 dnei) ekscentrichnyh (0.11 i 0.18) orbitah vokrug zvezdy primerno solnechnoi massy, no s ochen' malym soderzhaniem elementov tyazhelee geliya (v pyat' raz nizhe, chem u Solnca).
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Authors: David Lafreniere et al.
Comments: 64 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Submitted to ApJ
S pomosh'yu adaptivnoi optiki v IK-diapazone na teleskope Dzhemini (Gemini) byl proveden glubokii poisk ekzoplanet okolo blizkih molodyh zvezd. Vsego v programmu popalo 85 zvezd. Apparatura i metodika pozvolili by obnaruzhit' okolo zvezdy v 22 pk ot Solnca planetu s massoi bolee dvuh yupiterianskih pri rasstoyanii planety ot zvezdy ot 40 do 200 a.e. Nablyudeniya nichego ne dali, t.e. ni odnoi planety uvidet' ne udalos'.
Authors: Rob P. Olling
Comments: A White Paper for the ExoPlanet Task Force: 7 pages
Ideya avtora sostoit v tom, chtoby ispol'zovat' dannye budushego sputnika SIM i uzhe otletavshego sputnika Hipparcos dlya poiska massivnyh planet i korichnevyh karlikov na shirokih orbitah.
Pri orbital'nom periode v desyatki i sotni let ochen' trudno rasschityvat' na kakoi-to rezul'tat za vremya zhizni sputnika (3-7 let). Odnako dannye s dvuh astrometricheskih sputnikov, otrabotavshih s intervalom let v dvadcat', uzhe mogut dat' neobhodimuyu tochnost'. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto sovmestnaya obrabotka dannyh dvuh apparatov pozvolit obnaruzhit' planetu s massoi kak u Yupitera dazhe dlya orbital'nyh periodov v 240 let. A pri masse v dest' raz bol'she - 500 let.
Authors: Geoffrey C. Bower et al.
Comments: 7 pages
Avtory rassmatrivayut, kak sushestvuyushie i budushie (SKA) radiointerferometry mogut pomoch' v poiske i izuchenii ekzoplanet. Uzhe sovremennye antenny pozvolyayut nadeyat'sya na obnaruzhenie planet, otkrytie i izuchenie kotoryh poka nevozmozhno drugimi sposobami. S vvodom v stroi SKA situaciya stanet eshe luchshe. Mozhno budet iskat' i issledovat' planety tipa Zemli na orbitah, podobnyh zemnoi.
Authors: Nader Haghighipour, Steinn Sigurdsson, Jack Lissauer, Sean Raymond
Comments: 7 pages, White Paper Submitted to the NASA/NSF ExoPlanet Task Force
Nebol'shoi obzor po ekzoplanetam v kratnyh sistemah. V pervuyu ochered', avtory obsuzhdayut mehanizmy ih formirovaniya.
Takzhe stoit obratit' vnimanie na stat'yu arxiv:0704.0873, posvyashennuyu opisaniyu original'nyh rezul'tatov po formirovaniyu planet razlichnyh tipov.
Authors: Eva Villaver, Mario Livio
Comments: 30 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Avtory detal'no rassmatrivayut vopros o sud'be gazovyh planet vokrug zvezd s massami poryadka solnechnoi, uhodyashih s glavnoi posledovatel'nosti. Pokazano, chto planety s massoi men'she yupiterianskoi ne vyzhivayut na stadii planetarnoi tumannosti, esli iznachal'naya orbita byla primerno takaya zhe kak u Yupitera ili bolee tesnoi.
Authors: S. Aigrain et al. , the CoRoT Exoplanet Science Team
Comments: 11 pages, 2 figures. A version with full resolution figures is available from this http URL
Sputnik CoRoT uzhe zapushen. Vse idet po planu. Poetomu polezno eshe raz vzglyanut' na nauchnoe soderzhanie missii, a takzhe na nekotorye tehnicheskie harakteristiki. Vse eto i summirovanno v obzore.
Versiyu stat' s kartinkami v vysokom razreshenii mozhno skachat' zdes'. Eto
PDF-fail.
A o nauchnoi programme podrobnee mozhno prochest'
po etoi ssylke. Ssylka vedet na spisok statei gruppy, pomeshennyh v Arhiv
astro-ph.
Authors: F. Marzari, M. Barbieri
Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures Accepted for publication on A&A
Otvet na vopros, zadannyi v zagolovke, otricatel'nyi.
Avtory chislenno rasmatrivayut evolyuciyu planetnyh orbit v ierarhicheskoi troinoi sisteme (dve zvezdy formiruyut tesnuyu paru, a tret'ya krutitsya na shirokoi orbite vokrug pary). Planety obrazuyutsya vokrug bolee massivnoi zvezdy v pare. V hode evolyucii odna iz zvezd troinoi sistemy vyletaet. Razumeetsya, orbity planet v ostavsheisya dvoinoi zametno otlichayutsya ot togo, chto bylo v samom nachale.
Authors: S. Friedrich et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures, 15th European Workshop on White Dwarfs
Opisany poiski planet vokrug belyh karlikov. Poka, nesmotrya na ispol'zovanie stol' moshnyh teleskopov, rezul'taty otricatel'nye.
Authors: Adam J. Burgasser
Comments: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ Part 1;
Vozmozhno, chto okolo odnoi iz blizkih zvezd s ekzoplanetoi obnaruzhen sputnik na ochen' shirokoi orbite (iz-za togo, chto orbita ochen' shirokaya, ustanovit' fizicheskuyu svyaz' neprosto). Esli eto v samom dele tak, to obnaruzhennyi ob'ekt yavlyaetsya analogom shiroko obsuzhdavsheisya v svoe vremya Nemezidy. Sputnik v neskol'ko desyatkov raz (20-50) legche Solnca. Pri svoem priblizhenii k central'noi zvezde on mozhet vozmutit' orbity planet i, esli na nih est' zhizn', sygrat' rol' zvezdy-ubiicy.
Authors: J. Bouwman et al.
Comments: Accepted by ApJL
Na osnove detal'nyh nablyudenii na kosmicheskom infrakrasnom teleskope avtory delayut vyvod, chto dlya poyavleniya protoplanetnyh diskov sushestvenno luchshe, esli zvezda odinochnaya.
Iz 9 odinochnyh zvezd 7 pokazali nalichie diska, a iz 6 dvoinyh - tol'ko odna. Prichem, v sluchae dvoinoi eto ne disk vokrug vsei sistemy, a disk vokrug bolee massivnoi zvezdy.
Tak chto redko gde mozhno lyubovat'sya voshodom dvuh solnc.
Authors: L. J. Mix et al.
Comments: 79 pages, published manuscript, Astrobiology 2006, Vol 6, No 5, page 735
Otlichnoe posobie! Eto, sobstvenno, ne uchebnik, a skoree putevoditel'-spravochnik. Ibo informaciya po kazhdomu razdelu ochen' kratkaya, zato "pokrytie" ochen' shirokoe, i po kazhdoi teme dayutsya ssylki na podrobnoe izlozhenie. Vsyacheski rekomenduetsya.
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Authors: Jill C. Tarter, et al.
Comments: To be published in Astrobiology. 34 pages
Navernoe, esli poyavlyaetsya bol'shaya stat'ya po obitaemosti planet, pervym avtorom kotoroi yavlyaetsya Dzhill Tarter, to ee uzhe stoit chitat'.
Sut' stat'i sostoit v analize vozmozhnosti sushestvovaniya obitaemyh planet vokrug malomassivnyh zvezd. Aktual'nost' ochevidna, ved' M-karliki sostavlyayut bol'shinstvo zvezdnogo naseleniya. Obychno polagayut, chto sochetanie nizkoi svetimosti s vysokoi vspyshechnoi aktivnost'yu delaet eti zvezdy neprivlekatel'nymi s tochki zreniya poiska zhizni na planetah, vrashayushihsya vokrug nih. Tarter i ee kollegi provodyat detal'nuyu pereocenku vozmozhnosti sushestvovaniya obitaemyh planet vokrug krasnyh karlikov i prihodyat v vyvodu, chto, hotya nalichestvuyut processy, prepyatstvuyushie poyavleniyu zhizni, tem ne menee, sovsem sbrasyvat' so schetov eti tusklye solnca rano.
Authors: Guillermo Gonzalez
Comments: 30 pages, invited review paper for PASP
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi tomu, kak vydelyayutsya svoim himicheskim sostavom zvezdy, vokrug kotoryh obnaruzheny ekzoplanetnye sistemy.
Authors: Francis T. O'Donovan, et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 15 pages, 2 figures
Otkryta vtoraya tranzitnaya planeta v ramkah proekta TrES (Trans-atlantic Exoplanet Survey). Materinskaya zvezda ochen' pohozha na Solnce. A planeta pohozha na Yupiter, vot tol'ko period obrasheniya slishkom korotkii - dva s polovinoi dnya.
Sushestvenno, chto planeta budet nablyudat'sya kosmicheskim proektom Kepler. Za 4 goda raboty sputnik uvidit okolo 600 prohozhdenii planety po disku zvezdy, chto pozvolit poluchit' tochnye dannye i po zvezde, i po planete.
Authors: G. A. Bakos et al.
Comments: pages, submitted to ApJL
V ramkah proekta HATNet obnaruzhena lyubopytnaya planeta. S odnoi storony, eto vrode obychnyi "goryachii yupiter". S drugoi ....
Vo-pervyh, planeta obrashaetsya vokrug komponenta dvoinoi sistemy. Vo-vtoryh, otkryta ona po dannym o prohozhdenii po disku zvezdy. A eto pozvolyaet opredelit' parametry planety. Otsyuda vytekaet interesnoe "v-tret'ih". Planeta imeet massu v dva raza men'she, chem u Yupitera, a razmer v poltora raza bol'she, eto privodit k samoi nizkoi plotnosti sredi vseh izvestnyh planet (razumeetsya, tut vazhno to, chto blizost' zvezdy razogrevaet atmsoferu planety, chto privodit k ee rasshireniyu, tak chto nado byt' ostorozhnym v vostorgah). Naklonenie orbity sostavlyaet pochti 90 gradusov!
Authors: Steven Soter
Comments: 22 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures submitted to The Astronomical Journal
Ocherednaya popytka opredeleniya togo, skol'ko orehov sostavlyayut kuchu. Avtor svyazyvaet opredelenie planety s processom obrazovaniya.
Drugaya popytka nahoditsya v stat'e astro-ph/0608367. Tam avtory ishodyat iz togo, chto planeta dolzhna byt' v sostoyanii uderzhat' atmosferu (pri prenebrezhenii vneshnimi vozdeistviyami).
Authors: Gibor Basri, Michael E. Brown
Comments: 23 pages, Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 2006, v. 34, pp. 193-216
Tret'yu popytku opredeleniya togo, chto takoe planeta, chitateli mogut naiti zdes': astro-ph/0608417. Otmechu, chto odin iz dvuh avtorov stat'i sam Maik Braun. Sovetuyu polazit' po ego stranice.
Avtory astro-ph/0608417 dostatochno polno i detal'no obsuzhdayut sut' problemy. Rassmatrivayutsya samye raznye podhody i problemy, svyazannye s opredeleniem ponyatiya planeta.
Authors: J. A. Caballero et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A (7 pages, 4 figures).
V nekotorom smysle stat'ya mozhet dazhe imet' otnoshenie k nedavnim debatam o tom, "chto takoe planeta". Delo v tom, chto krome Solnechnoi sistemy, krome ekzoplanetnyh sistem, otkryty eshe i "svobodno-letayushie" ob'ekty planetnyh mass. Odnako ih "svobodnost'" stavitsya avtorami rassmatrivaemoi stat'i pod vopros: veroyatno, u nih est' taki slabye sputniki. I eto pomogaet reshit' nekotorye problemy. Delo v tom, chto odinochnye planety yavlyayutsya problemoi s tochki zreniya formirovaniya zvezd i planet (o novyh dannyh po obrazovaniyu buryh karlikov mozhno pochitat' tut astro-ph/0608546).
Sut' stat'i takova. Avtory obnaruzhili buryi karlik, kotoryi mozhet byt' svyazan s ob'ektom planetnoi massy. Ustanovit' ih real'nuyu svyaz' dostatochno trudno, neobhodimy novye nablyudeniya. Odnako avtory vyrazhayut nadezhdu, chto takaya svyaz' budet naidena.
Authors: Inseok Song et al.
Comments: 18 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in ApJ
Pod nomerom vosem' v proshlogodnii spisok samyh vazhnyh astronomicheskih otkrytii (po publikaciyam v Arhive) ya vnes obnaruzhenie planetnogo sputnika u burogo karlika. Sushestvennym momentom yavlyaetsya to, chto udalos' poluchit' pryamoe izobrazhenie planety (ob etom takzhe mozhno prochest' v iyul'skom nomere "Vokrug Sveta").
Pervoe izobrazhenie bylo polucheno eshe v 2004 g., no tol'ko v 2005 byli polucheny podtverzhdeniya togo, chto dva ob'ekta (planeta i karlik) obrazuyut paru. Teper' zhe po novym dannym udalos' utochnit' rasstoyanie do sistemy (ono sostavlyaet 59+/-7 parsek) i rasstoyanie mezhdu komponentami (46+/-5 a.e. - eto v proekcii). Avtory eshe raz podcherkivayut, chto mozhno schitat' dokazannym, chto my imeem pervoe izobrazhenie vnesolnechnoi planety.
Authors: R. P. Butler et al.
Comments: 45-page preprint version. Published 2006 ApJ, 646, 505
Sobstvenno, opisan katalog, razmeshennyi na ExoPlanets.Org. On soderzhit dannye po ekzoplanetam, vrashayushimsya vokrug zvezd, nahodyashihsya menee chem v 200 parsekah ot nas. V katalog vklyucheno 172 ob'ekta.
Authors: L. Jeremy Richardson, Joseph Harrington, Sara Seager, Drake Deming
Comments: 18 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Astrophysical Journal
Po krivoi bleska na dline volny 24 mikrona opredelen radius odnoi iz tranzitnyh ekzoplanet. On okazalsya ravnym 1.26 +/- 0.08 radiusa Yupitera. Eta ocenka v predelah oshibok sovpadaet s rezul'tatom, poluchennym ranee v opticheskom diapazone.
Authors: Philip M. Hinz, A. N. Heinze, Suresh Sivanandam, Douglas L. Miller, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Guido Brusa, Melanie Freed, J.R.P. Angel
Comments: accepted to ApJ June 6, 2006
Po strukture raspredeleniya pyli vokrug Vegi bylo zapodozreno, chto zvezda mozhet imet' massivnuyu planetu na shirokoi orbite. Avtory proveli detal'nye nablyudeniya v infrakrasnom diapazone s pomosh'yu ustanovki MMT. I m udalos' postavit' ochen' ser'eznoe ogranichenie na parametry planety. Massa ee dolzhna byt' ne bolee 7 mass Yupitera, esli ee orbita bol'she 20 a.e.
V drugoi stat'e opisyvaetsya kamera Clio, prednaznachennaya dlya poiska planet i rabotayushaya na toi zhe ustanovke MMT.
Authors: Sean N. Raymond
Comments: Accepted by ApJ Letters
Privodyatsya rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya obrazovaniya planet tipa Zemli v sistemah s planetami-gigantami na raznyh orbitah. Pokazano, chto esli orbita planety-giganta prohodit blizhe 3.5 a.e., to obrazovanie zemnopodobnoi planety nevozmozhno. Takzhe problemy voznikayut, esli planeta-gigant imeet bol'shoi ekscentrisitet orbity. Po suti eto oznachaet, chto podavlyayushee bol'shinstvo izvestnyh ekzoplanetnyh sistem ne mozhet soderzhat' planety tipa Zemli. Ot sebya zamechu, chto dlya zhizni mozhet naitis' mesta na sputnikah planet-gigantov.
Authors: Jian Ge et al.
Comments: 42 pages, 11 figures and 5 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Vazhno ne to, chto otkryta eshe odna ekzoplaneta, a to, chto zarabotal eshe odin pribor, prednaznachennyi dlya ih poiska.
Authors: P. R. McCullough et al.
Comments: 31 pages, 9 figures, accepted for part 1 of ApJ
Naidena tranzitnaya planeta u zvezdy tipa Solnca. Planeta - dovol'no tipichnyi goryachii Yupiter. Esli by u nas byl takoi zhe, to nas by tut ne bylo.
Authors: Tristan Guillot et al.
Comments: Astronomy and Astrophysics (2006) in press
Pokazano, chto metallichnost' zvezdy igraet bol'shuyu rol' v tom, budut li u nee planety.
Authors: Nicholas James Rattenbury
Comments: Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A, accepted. 15 pages, 6 figures
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi poisku planet metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. Kak izvestno, neskol'ko planet (v tom chisle ochen' interesnye) uzhe obnaruzheny s pomosh'yu etoi metodiki. Tak chto stat'ya ne chisto teoreticheskaya.
Authors: Deepak Raghavan, Todd J. Henry, Brian D. Mason, John P. Subasavage, Wei-Chun Jao, Thom D. Beaulieu, Nigel C. Hambly
Comments: 52 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Provedeno detal'noe issledovanie 131 izvestnoi ekzoplanetnoi sistemy na predmet poiska vtorogo zvezdnogo komponenta. Ih kolichestvo udivitel'no vysoko. Dlya 30 sistem (a eto 23 procenta) ustanovlena dvoistvennost'. Razumeetsya, eto lish' nizhnii predel. Ved' v kakih-to sluchayah kompan'on mog uskol'znut' ot nablyudatelei. Po krainei mere tri planetnye sistemy nahodyatsya v troinyh zvezdnyh sistemah.
Zony obitaemosti dlya dvoinyh sistem mogut byt' dovol'no uzkimi. Tak chto, navryad li gde-to zelenye chelovechki naslazhdayutsya na plyazhah svetom dvuh solnc, tem ne menee tot fakt, chto dolya planetnyh sistem v dvoinyh sistemah dostatochno velika, yavlyaetsya ochen' interesnym.
Authors: Hugh R. A. Jones et al.
Comments: to appear in MNRAS
Obnaruzheny dve planety s bol'shimi ekscentrisitetami. Dlya odnoi tochnoe znachenie poka ustanovit' trudno, t.k. period dovol'no dlinnyi - okolo 3 let - i kusok orbity v apoastre ne issledovan. A vot dlya vtoroi, s periodom vdvoe men'shim, udalos' poluchit' dostatochno tochnoe znachenie 0.92+/-0.03.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu o poiske planet metodami mikrolinzirovaniya. Tam pokazano, chto planety s massami poryadka massy Neptuna na rasstoyanih v neskol'ko a.e. yavlyayutsya ochen' tipichnymi.
Authors: David Charbonneau et al.
Comments: Review Chapter for Protostars and Planets V, 16 pages, 4 figures
Est' neskol'ko metodov poiska i issledovaniya ekzoplanet: mikrolinzirovanie, kolebaniya zvezdy otnositel'no centra mass sistemy, prohozhdenie ekzoplanet po disku zvezdy. Vot poslednemu metodu i posvyashen obzor.
Metod etot odin iz luchshih. Ved' v sluchae linzirovaniya my vidim razovoe sobytie, i mnogo informacii tak ne poluchish'. Po kolebaniyam zvezdy mozhno uznat' orbital'nyi period i massu planety, no est' mnogo slozhnostei. A vot nalichie prohozhdenii pozvolyaet vytyagivat' massu informacii. Naprimer, mozhno vydelit' svet planety (etomu bylo posvyasheno mnogo interesnyh rabot, o nekotoryh ya pisal v obzorah, sm. takzhe punkt 4 zdes'). Tak chto metod ochen' perspektiven. Chitaite!
Authors: Michael Endl, et al.
Comments: 9 pages preprint, 4 figures, accepted in AJ
Kogda u etoi zvezdy otkryli planetu, to zapodozrili, chto orbita sil'no vytyanutaya (t.e. imeet bol'shoi ekscentrisitet). No dannyh ne hvatalo. Teper' hvataet. Ekscentrisitet okazalsya raven 0.76. Eto ochen' mnogo. Sama planeta vdvoe massivnee Yupitera. Rasstoyanie do zvezdy, estestvenno, sil'no menyaetsya, no bol'shaya poluos' sostavlyaet primerno 2 astronomicheskie edinicy. Orbital'nyi period raven pochti 1000 dnei.
Authors: Barrie W Jones, P Nick Sleep, David R Underwood
Comments: 21 pages
Avtory berut dannye po izvestnym zvezdam s planetami, chtoby ocenit' svoistva t.n. zon obitaniya, t.e. zon, v kotoryh byla by vozmozhna zhizn' tipa zemnoi. Provoditsya uchet togo, chto izvestnye planety-giganty mogli by vozmushat' orbitu zemnopodobnyh planet. Krome togo, uchityvaetsya evolyuciya zvezd.
Stat'ya budet interesna tem, kto interesuetsya voprosami vozmozhnosti sushestvovaniya zhizni vo Vselennoi.
Authors: Drake Deming et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for ApJ
Po rezul'tatam nablyudenii na kosmicheskom infrakrasnom sputnike im. Spitcera obnaruzheno sil'noe IK izluchenie odnoi iz t.n. tranzitnyh ekzoplanet. "Tranzitnaya" znachit, chto planeta to prohodit po disku zvezdy, a to skryvaetsya za nei. T.e. povedenie sistemy pohozhe na zatmennye dvoinye peremennye zvezdy. U krivyh bleska takih zvezd est' dva minimuma, svyazannye s zatmeniyami kazhdogo iz komponent drugim. Takoe zhe yavlenie nablyudaetsya i v sisteme HD189733 s ekzoplanetoi. Imenno izuchenie vtorogo minimuma i pozvolyaet utverzhdat' o tom, chto planeta vnosit zametnyi (hotya i nebol'shoi - menee odnogo procenta) vklad v obshii potok IK izlucheniya ot sistemy.
Eto blizkaya sistema, nahodyashayasya v 19 pk ot nas. Ya uzhe rasskazyval ranee o podobnyh registraciyah IK izlucheniya planet po zatmeniyam. Odnako dannyi sluchai interesen tem, chto izluchenie planety na poryadok bol'she, chem v drugih sluchayah.
Etomu rezul'tatu posvyashena podrobnaya zametka na Granyah.Ru.
Authors: Mark S. Marley et al.
Comments: 16 pages, 8 figures; invited review, Protostars and Planets V (Hawai, October 2005)
Obzor po atmosferam ekzoplanet-gigantov. Krome teorii i planov na budushee opisany i rezul'taty real'nyh izmerenii. Ved' dlya nekotoryh planet (naprimer, dlya tranzitnyh, sm. vyshe) udaetsya poluchat' pryamye dannye po svoistvam atmosfer!
Authors: C.G. Tinney et al.
Comments: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Otkryta vtoraya planeta u zheltogo karlika HD73526. Period novoi planety 377 dnei, chto govorit o tom, chto ona vrashaetsya v rezonanse 2:1 s ranee izvestnoi planetoi (ee period utochnen i raven teper' 188 dnei). Sredi 18 sistem s dvumya i bolee planetami eto uzhe chetvertyi sluchai rezonansa 2:1. Eto pozvolyaet sdelat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na evolyuciyu planetnyh sistem (v chastnosti, na migraciyu planet).
Sm. takzhe http://www.allplanets.ru/HD_73526.htm.
Authors: G. Chabrier et al.
Comments: Invited Review, Protostars and Planets V (Hawai, October 2005)
Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi tematikam, privedennym v nazvanii. Rekomenduyu.
Authors: D. A. Golimowski et al.
Comments: 38 pages (including 21 figures and 4 tables)
Po dannym mnogocvetnyh nablyudenii na Kosmicheskom teleskope podtverzhdena slozhnaya struktura diska vokrug zvezdy Beta Zhivopisca. Nablyudeniya provodilis' s pomosh'yu koronografa, chtoby ubrat' meshayushii svet samoi zvezdy. Eto samye detal'nye dannye po okolozvezdnym diskam na masshtabe 30-300 a.e. ot central'noi zvezdy.
Snimki sdelany na Kosmicheskom teleskope. Razmer izobrazheniya 29 na 10 uglovyh sekund. Na dvuh verhnih snimkah pokazan disk vokrug Beta Zhivopisca. Na nizhnem - zvezda sravneniya - Al'fa Zhivopisca. PSF feature - tehnicheskii defekt koronografa, proishozhdenie kotorogo poka neizvestno. Vidno, chto PSF detal' ne menyaet svoego polozheniya pri izmenenii orientacii teleskopa, a disk (sravnite dva verhnih izobrazheniya) - menyaet.
Pokazano, chto vnutrennyaya chast' struktury vokrug zvezdy predstavlyaet soboi otdel'nyi disk, naklonennyi pod uglov okolo 5 gradusov po otnosheniyu k vneshnemu (osnovnomu) disku. Dva diska ili imeyut raznyi sostav granul (grains), ili raznoe raspredelenie granul po razmeru.
Pokazano obrabotannoe izobrazhenie (cveta uslovnye), na kotorom viden vnutrennii disk, naklonennyi k vneshnemu. Izobrazhenie v central'noi chasti iskazheno pri ubiranii sveta zvezdy.
Authors: Byeong-Gon Park et al.
Comments: ApJ, submitted
Sovsem nedavno po vsem lentam proshlo soobshenie ob otkrytii ekzoplanety s massoi okolo 3-7 mass Zemli. Otkrytie bylo sdelano metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. V dannoi stat'e obsuzhdaetsya, naskol'ko effektivno smogut budushie proekty po mikrolinzirovaniyu nahodit' planety tipa Zemli v t.n. zonah obitaniya (t.e. na takih rasstoyaniyah ot svoih zvezd, chto usloviya okazyvayutsya podhodyashimi dlya vozniknoveniya belkovoi zhizni).
Rezul'tat, s odnoi storony, ne ochen' uteshitel'nyi. Lish' okolo (na samom dele, menee) odnogo procenta planet s zemnoi massoi iz chisla potencial'no registriruemyh v takih obzorah budut popadat' v zonu obitaniya. Delo v tom, chto zona obitaniya slishkom blizka k zvezde, osobenno pri maloi masse zvezdy. Poslednee obstoyatel'stvo kak raz ochen' vazhno. Ved' malomassivnyh zvezd bol'she. Esli zhe my rassmotrim tol'ko zvezdy s massoi blizkoi k solnechnoi, to tam vse gorazdo luchshe.
Authors: Eric Gaidos, Franck Selsis
Comments: Protostars and Planets V Conference, Hawaii
Avtory rassmatrivayut processy vozniknoveniya i podderzhaniya zhizni na planetah. Stat'ya budet interesna vsem! Delo v tom, chto, po vsei vidimosti, obyvatel'skii vzglyad na proishozhdenie zhizni na Zemle neskol'ko otstal ot poslednih veyanii v etoi oblasti. Chitaite!
Authors: Andrea P. Buccino, Guillermo A. Lemarchand, Pablo J. D. Mauas
Comments: 29 pages, 8 figures
Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak sleduet uchityvat' vklad UF izlucheniya pri raschete zon vozmozhnogo vozniknoveniya zhizni. S odnoi storony UF izluchenie opasno, s drugoi - ono neobhodimo.
Avtory ispol'zuyut real'nye dannye po sistemam, dlya kotoryh byli provedny detal'nue UF nablyudeniya. Konechno, zadacha ochen' slozhnaya, tem ne menee, stat'ya mozhet zainteresovat' teh, kto zaintrigovan sootvetstvuyushei tematikoi.
Authors: J. Espresate
Comments: Submitted to RevMexAA
Predstavleny dva kataloga. V pervom opisany 133 zvezdy, vokrug kotoryh obnaruzheny ekzoplanety. Vo vtorom - sami ekzoplanety. S odnoi storony, eto bezuslovno poleznaya stat'ya. S drugoi - rezul'taty bystro obnovlyayutsya, poetomu razumno sdelat' popolnyaemyi setevoi resurs, gde otrazhalis' by i poslednie otkrytiya.
Authors: M. Mugrauer, R. Neuhaeuser
Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS letter
Vpervye udalos' obnaruzhit' chrezvychaino interesnuyu sistemu!
Neskol'ko let nazad bylo pokazano, chto zvezda Gl86 imeet planetu. Krome togo, na nebol'shom rasstoyanii byl obnaruzhen eshe odin ob'ekt, odnako bylo neyasno svyazan li on s Gl86 ili net. Avtoram etoi raboty udalos' pokazat', chto svyazan. Prichem eto ne obychnaya zvezda, a belyi karlik. T.o. teper' my znaem o sushestvovanii ekzoplanet v dvoinyh sistemah s belymi karlikami.
Authors: M. Jura
Comments: 17 pages, 4 figures, AJ, in press
Interesnaya ideya! Avtor pokazyvaet, chto takie bol'shie kometnye hvosty, kak u komety Heila-Boppa, mogut byt' otkryty special'nymi missiyami (kotorye seichas aktivno razrabatyvayutsya), prednaznachennymi dlya poiska vnesolnechnyh planet tipa Zemli.
Authors: G.Marcy et al.
Comments: 19 pages, Nishinomiya-Yukawa Symposium
Bol'shoi i dostupnyi obzor po ekzoplanetam. Tablic net. Vse dannye privedeny v ponyatnoi graficheskoi forme.
Authors: Lisa Kaltenegger
Comments: PhD thesis 2004, Karl Franzens Univ. Graz, 177 pages, download at: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~lkaltenegger/
Sputnik Darvin nahoditsya na stadii razrabotki. On prednaznachen dlya poiska planet tipa Zemli. V dissertacii rassmatrivaetsya dva aspekta proekta. Vtoroi - bolee tehnicheskii, i ya ne budu o nem upominat'. A vot pervyi .... Eto sobstvenno spisok zvezd, kotorye budut nablyudat'sya. Vse, kogo ser'ezno interesuet poisk vnesolnechnyh planet tipa Zemli, priglashayutsya k prochteniyu.
Authors: David Charbonneau et al.
Comments: 20 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, 20 June 2005
S pomosh'yu infrakrasnyh nablyudenii na kosmicheskom teleskope im. Spitcera (Spitzer Space Telescope) vpervye neposredstvenno obnaruzheno izluchenie ekzoplanety. Rech' idet o planete TrES-1. Ona periodicheski prohodit po disku svoei zvezdy (t.e. my nahodimsya vblizi ploskosti orbity etoi sistemy). Ochevidno (osobenno tem, kto horosho znaet, kak vyglyadyat krivye bleska zatmennyh-peremennyh), chto inogda planeta prohodit ZA zvezdoi, chto mozhet privodit' k nalichiyu vtorichnogo minimuma. Tak vot vtorichnyi minimum obnaruzhen! T.e. vne minimuma planeta vnosit zametnyi (hotya i ochen' nebol'shoi) vklad v polnoe izluchenie sistemy.
Avtory poluchayut ocenku temperatury planety (okolo 1000 gradusov Kel'vina), a takzhe utochnyayut orbital'nye parametry.
Teoreticheskuyu interpretaciyu rezul'tatov mozhno naiti v stat'e Burrows et al. astro-ph/0503522.
Sm. takzhe nizhe stat'yu astro-ph/0503554.
Authors: Drake Deming, Sara Seager, L. Jeremy Richardson, Joseph Harrington
Comments: to appear in Nature April 7, posted to Nature online March 23 (11 pages, 3 figures)
Zaregistrirovano IK (24 mikrona) izluchenie goryachego yupitera HD 209458b. Takzhe kak i v sluchae TrES-1 rezul'tat dostignut blagodarya zatmeniyam v sisteme.
Authors: G. Gonzalez
Comments: 71 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; to be published in Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi probleme opredeleniya mest, prigodnyh dlya sushestvovaniya zhizni. Krome novyh podhodov (v tom chisle i razrabotannogo samim avtorom obzora) daetsya horoshee istoricheskoe vvedenie, nachinayusheesya azh s serediny 19 veka.
Authors: Sara Seager et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Astrobiology
Glyada na etu stat'yu, srazu vspominaesh knizhki Tihova, kotorye chitalis' v detstve (kstati, nel'zya ne otmetit', chto avtory akkuratno ssylayutsya na stat'yu Tihova azh 1947 goda!).
Rech' idet o tom, kak po spektral'nym harakteristikam ekzoplanety opredelit' nalichie na nei rastitel'nogo pokrova. Pokazano, chto dannye po peremennosti izlucheniya, a takzhe po rezkim detalyam v spektre mogut vydelit' planety s rastitel'nost'yu.
Authors: A. Quirrenbach
Comments: Conclusions from a workshop held February 02-06, 2004 at Leiden University; edited by A. Quirrenbach; based on contributions from the workshop participants Note: Because of astro-ph's very stringent size limits on pdf files, the resolution of the figures is poor. Contact the author for full-resolution pdf file
Obsuzhdaetsya razvitie tehnologii, kotorye pozvolyat sozdat' koronograficheskie sputnikovye teleskopy dlya obnaruzheniya ekzoplanet zemnogo tipa.
Authors: G. Tinetti et al.
Comments: 34 pages, 19 figures. submitted to Astrobiology
Esli my hotim iskat' ekzoplanety zemnogo tipa, to nam neobhodimo luchshe ponyat' svoistva Zemli, a takzhe kak oni mogut izmenyat'sya pri neznachitel'nyh variaciyah parametrov planety.
Avtory proveli komp'yuternoe modelirovanie s cel'yu
vychisleniya spektrov i krivyh bleska planet tipa Zemli, no s neskol'ko
otlichayushimisya parametrami atmosfery, poverhnosti i t.p. Preskazaniya mogut
byt' ispol'zovany pri obrabotke dannym budushih special'nyh kosmicheskih
teleskopov, prednaznachennyh dlya poiska planet tipa nashei.
Authors: M. G. Hidas et al.
Comments: 15 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Zadumyvalis' li vy nad tem, chto v Rossii po suti net ni odnoi nauchnoi gruppy, da dazhe ni odnogo uchenogo, aktivno zanimayushegosya ekzoplanetami. Ni v teorii, ni v nablyudeniyah. Vidimo, prichina v tom, chto eto novaya oblast', a u nas i tak inerciya velika, da eshe "slozhnye ekonomicheskie usloviya". A mezhdu tem, v mire raboty vedutsya dazhe na nebol'shih teleskopah.
V etoi stat'e rasskazyvaetsya o proekte, osushestvlyaemom na polumetrovom teleskope Novogo Yuzhnogo Uelsa (Avstraliya). Poka planet ne obnaruzheno (detal'nye nablyudeniya chetyreh vyyavlennyh kandidatov pokazali, chto oni yavlyayutsya zatmennymi dvoinymi), no rabota idet, metodika sovershenstvuetsya. Budem zhdat'!
Authors: Abraham Loeb
Comments: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJL
Predlagaetsya metod, v kotorom za schet prohozhdeniya planety po disku zvezdy budet vozmozhno opredelit' zvezdnuyu massu. Ocenki pokazyvayut, chto budushie missii tipa Kepler i COROT smogut dostich' chuvstvitel'nosti, dostatochnoi dlya obnaruzheniya effekta. Effekt zaklyuchaetsya v iskazhenii simmetrichnoi krivoi bleska vo vremya prohozhdeniya za schet uskoreniya planety.
Kstati, podrobno o planetnyh tranzitah (prohozhdeniyah po disku zvezdy) mozhno prochest' v dissertacii astro-ph/0501558.
Authors: D. J. Christian et al.
Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the Proceedings of the 13th Cool Stars Workshop, Ed. F. Favata, ESA-SP
My uzhe pisali o proekte s politicheski nekorrektnym (shutka) nazvaniem SuperWASP. Eto vos'mikamernyi teleskop, pokryvayushii okolo 500 kvadratnyh gradusov neba. Cel' proekta - poisk ekzoplanet po nablyudeniyam zvezd. Planety predpolagaetsya obnaruzhivat' po fotometricheskim nablyudeniyam zvezd: planeta, prohodya po disku zvezdy, budet oslablyat' ee blesk. Krome etoi zadachi teleskop sposoben vnesti vklad v obnaruzhenie opticheskih tranzientov i okolozemnyh ob'ektov.
Seichas rabotaet 5 iz 8 kamer. Idet nakoplenie dannyh. Sait proekta http://www.superwasp.org.
Authors: David T.F Weldrake et al.
Comments: 27 pages, 6 figures, accepted in ApJ
Dannaya stat'ya rezul'tat obrabotki nablyudenii prohozhdeniya planet po diskam zvezd v sharovom skoplenii 47 Tucanae. Planety iskalis' v intervale orbital'nyh periodov ot 1 do 16 dnei, t.e. oni mogli byt' tol'ko "goryachimi yupiterami". Nablyudeniya velis' v techenie 30 nochei (ostal'nye detali obzora - v stat'e), ni odnoi planety obnaruzheno ne bylo. Odnako modelirovanie, predpolagayushee, chto planety v 47 Tuc obladayut tipichnymi svoistvami, daet drugoi rezul'tat: v obzore dolzhno bylo byt' obnaruzheno 7 planet. Eto ochen' interesnoe protivorechie!
Authors: M. Jura
Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted by ApJ
Nalichie komet vokrug G-zvezd glavnoi posledovatel'nosti mozhet byt' obnaruzheno po (dostatochno redkomu) poyavleniyu linii poglosheniya OH vblizi 3100A v spektre zvezdy. Veroyatnost' etogo sobytiya dostatochno mala (~3x10-8, chto sootvetstvuet poyavleniyu aktivnoi komety podobnoi komete Heila-Boppa). V molodyh zvezdnyh sistemah, gorazdo bolee bogatyh kometami, eta veroyatnost' mozhet byt' sushestvenno vyshe i dostigat' 1%.
Authors: G. Chauvin et al.
Comments: 4 pages and 4 figures, letter accepted to A&A
Po dannym nablyudenii na 8.2-metrovom teleskope Yepun (eto odin iz chetverki teleskopov sistemy VLTI) obnaruzhen slabyi ob'ekt okolo korichnevogo karlika 2MASSWJ1207334-393254. Nablyudeniya provodilis' v IK-diapazone.
Rasstoyanie ot karlika do slabogo ob'ekta okolo 55 astronomicheskih edinic. Priroda istochnika do konca ne yasna. Eto mozhet byt' vtoroi korichnevyi karlik tol'ko men'shego razmera (spektral'nyi klass L5-L9.5). Massa takogo ob'ekta v raznyh modelyah okazyvaetsya razlichnoi, ot odnoi do desyati mass Yupitera. Sootvetstvenno mozhno nazvat' takoi ob'ekt planetoi-gigantom. Otmetim, chto massa samogo 2MASSWJ1207334-393254 sostavlyaet primerno 25 mass Yupitera.
Otmetim, chto poka ne dokazana svyazannost' etih dvuh ob'ektov. Vozmozhno, chto eto ne svyazannaya para, a prosto rezul'tat sluchainogo nalozheniya. Esli podtverditsya, chto ob'ekty obrazuyut paru (rasstoyanie ot nas do korichnevogo karlika sostavlyaet okolo 70 pk), to eto budet pervoe pryamoe izobrazhenie ekzoplanety.
Authors: D.A.Fischer et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 6 figures
N2K konsorcium (v kotoryi vhodyat chetyre teleskopa) provodit spektral'nyi poisk planet u bogatyh metallami blizkih zvezd. V ramkah proekta byli provedeny nablyudeniya bolee 14000 zvezd glavnoi posledovatel'nosti i subgigantov na rasstoyanii do 110 pk, yarche V=10.5 i s 0.4 < B-V < 1.2
V rezul'tate u bogatoi metallami zvezdy HD 88133 spektral'nogo klassa G5IV byla obnaruzhena planeta s orbital'nym periodom 3.415 dnei. Massa planety sostavlyaet m sin i=0.29 mass Yupitera.
Authors: N.C.Santos et al.
Comments: Submitted to A&A
Otkryt pervyi predstavitel' novogo klassa planet, s massoi poryadka massy Neptuna, a ne Yupitera. Planeta obrashaetsya vokrug zvezdy μ Ara (HD160691), u kotoroi ranee uzhe byli otkryty dve planety. Orbital'nyi period - 9.5 dnei, nizhnii predel massy zvezdy m sin i= 14 mass Zemli. Podrobnee ob etom otkrytii mozhno prochest' zdes' i, konechno, v stat'e.
Authors: Barbara E. McArthur et al.
Comments: Accepted by ApJ Letters
Obnaruzhena vtoraya (za etot mesyac i za vsyu istoriyu astronomii) planeta s massoi neptuna u normal'noi zvezdy. Vot ee parametry: nizhnii predel massy sostavlyaet M sin i=14.21+/-2.91 mass Zemli (t.e. ~1 massu Neptuna), orbital'nyi period P=2.808 dnya, a poluos' orbity - 0.04AE. Avtoram otkrytiya udalos' ocenit' ugol naklona orbity planety, v rezul'tate poluchilas' ocenka massy (a ne ee nizhnego predela) ravnaya M=17.7+/-5.57 mass Zemli
Authors: Paul Butler et al.
Eto tret'ya planeta s massoi neptuna, vot ee parametry: orbital'nyi period planety sostavlyaet 2.644 dnya, poluos' orbity a=0.028AE, ekscentrisitet e=0.12 (vprochem s ochen' bol'shoi oshibkoi, ne isklyuchayushei, chto e=0). Nizhnii predel massy planety raven M sin i=0.067 massy Yupitera = 1.2 massy Neptuna = 21 massy Zemli.
Authors: M.E. Beer et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS accepted
Avtory obsuzhdayut unikal'nost' nashei Solnechnoi sistemy. Rech' idet o kolichestvennoi harakteristike togo fakta, chto vse izvestnye ekzoplanetnye sistemy sovsem ne pohozhi na nashu. Avtory prihodyat k vyvodu, chto primenenie modelei obrazovaniya nashei sistemy k ekzoplanetam (i naoborot) mozhet ne dat' nikakih polozhitel'nyh rezul'tatov v svyazi s sushestvennym razlichiem parametrov sistem.
Rekomenduem prochest' etu korotkuyu stat'yu.
Authors: Andrew Gould et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Submitted to ApJ
Avtory sravnivayut chetyre metoda poiska ekzoplanet zemnoi massy: izmerenie kolebanii radial'nyh skorostei, prohozhdeniya planet po disku zvezdy, astrometricheskie metody, mikrolinzirovanie. Vyvody ne ochen' uteshitel'nye. Pervye tri metoda dayut slishkom maloe chislo potencial'nyh planet na vysokih otnosheniya signal/shum (t.e. zaregistrirovat' planetu s vysokoi dostovernost'yu s pomosh'yu etih metodik maloveroyatno). Mikrolinzirovanie v etom otnoshenii vyglyadit predpochtitel'nee. No vse ravno, vse chetyre metoda vmeste, po mneniyu avtorov, dadut s pomosh'yu sovremennyh tehnologii ne bolee 5 dostoverno zaregistrirovannyh planet dazhe v sluchae samyh optimisticheskih predpolozhenii.
Authors: S.Desidera et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, A&A Letters
V 2003 godu u zvezdy HD 219542 B byli obnaruzheny nebol'shie periodicheskie variacii luchevoi skorosti, chto pozvolilo predpolozhit' sushestvovanie u nee planety s massoi kak u Saturna. Uvy, prodolzhenie nablyudenii v konce 2003 i v 2004 godu pokazalo, chto nablyudaemye variacii skoree vsego svyazany s sobstvennoi aktivnost'yu zvezdy.
Authors: F.Bouchy et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to A&A
U dvuh zvezd, zapodozrennyh v obladanii planetami v eksperimente OGLE (po prohozhdeniyu planety po disku zvezdy), ih nalichie bylo podtverzhdeno izmereniem luchevyh skorostei. Vot rezul'taty: U OGLE-TR-113 naidena planeta s massoi 1.35+/-0.22 MJup i periodom 1.43 dnya, u OGLE-TR-132 - s massoi 1.01+/-0.31 MJup i periodom 1.69 dnya.
Authors: I.Baraffe et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&A Letter
Avtory issledovali vliyaniya effekta ispareniya veshestva "goryachih yupiterov" pod deistviem izlucheniya central'noi zvezdy. Bylo pokazano, chto dlya zadannoi svetimosti zvezdy i poluosi orbity, sushestvuet kriticheskaya massa planety, nizhe kotoroi isparenie okazyvaetsya osnovnym (samym bystrym) evolyucionnym effektom. Po-vidimomu, imenno na etoi korotkoi stadii nam udalos' zastat' "Osiris" (planeta HD209458b, sm. astro-ph/0312382).
Authors: A. Eggenberger, S. Udry, M. Mayor
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted in A&A
Na segodnyashnii den' otkryto bolee sta vnesolnechnyh planet. 19 iz nih obrashayutsya vokrug komponent dvoinyh ili kratnyh zvezd (vot oni, mechty fantastov). V dannoi stat'e issleduyutsya statisticheskie svoistva etoi gruppy ob'ektov. Odnako vyborka ochen' mala, i sdelat' znachimyh vyvodov ne udaetsya, krome odnogo: ekscentrisitety orbit planet s periodami koroche 40 dnei men'she v kratnyh sistemah, chem v odinochnyh. Dlya 5 (iz 19) planet, kotorye vhodyat v troinye i kratnye sistemy, vyvody delat' eshe rano. Yasno, odnako, chto obychnyi scenarii obrazovaniya planet v takih sistemah vryad li rabotaet.
Authors: S. Ferraz-Mello et al.
Comments: 25 pages, 11 figures, to be published in "Chaotic Worlds: From Order to Disorder in Gravitational N-Body Systems" (B.A.Steves, ed.), Kluwer Acad. Publ.
Eto obzor po dinamike planetnyh sistem v primenenii k ekzoplanetam. Stat'ya dostatochno tehnicheskaya, no vmeste s tem dostupnaya kazhdomu, kto pomnit standartnyi universitetskii (institutskii) kurs po teormehu.
Authors: G. Chabrier et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures
Korotkii obzor po vsem tipam "nedozvezdnyh" ob'ektov: korichnevye (burye) karliki, ekzoplanety-giganty i t.p. Obsuzhdayutsya chem oni otlichayutsya kak po stroeniyu, tak i po mehanizmam formirovaniya. Formul malo, poetomu obzor budet dostupen dlya mnogih.
Authors: Rory Barnes, Thomas Quinn
Comments: 37 pages, 49 figures, 13 tables, submitted to ApJ
Ochen' ob'emnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya chislennomu issledovaniyu ustoichivosti sushestvuyushih planetnyh sistem. Planetnymi sistemami obladayut zvezdy, u kotoryh otkryto uzhe hotya by dve planety. Takih sistem izvestno okolo desyati, avtory proveli modelirovaniya dlya ipsilon And, HD83443, GJ876, HD82943, 47UMa, HD168443 i, konechno, dlya Solnechnoi sistemy.
Modelirovanie zaklyuchalos' v sleduyushem: dlya kazhdoi sistemy 1000 raz provodilos' chislennoe integrirovanie ee dvizheniya na intervale primerno v 1 million let. Parametry sistem bralis' iz nablyudenii i slegka var'irovalis'.
Vyvody avtorov takovy: rezonansnye sistemy (HD82943 and GJ876) imeyut ochen' uzkuyu oblast' ustoichivosti; vzaimodeistvuyushie (no bez rezonansa) sistemy (ipsilon And, 47UMa i Solnechnaya sistema) - gorazdo bolee shirokuyu oblast' stabil'nosti; a shirokie sistemy (takih mnogo, avtory proveli modelirovanie tol'ko dlya HD83443 i HD168443) ustoichivy.
(Arhiv Ekzoplanety: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
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