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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Gamma-vspleski

Vypusk 202. 17-31 dekabrya 2008

katalog arxiv:0812.3349 Obnovlennyi spektral'nyi katalog gamma-vspleskov po dannym INTEGRAL (The updated spectral catalogue of INTEGRAl gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: G. Vianello et al.
Comments: 35 pages, submitted to A&A

Predstavlen katalog 56 gamma-vspleskov (s kartinkami i obsuzhdeniem kazhdogo vspleska) po dannym observatorii INTEGRAL. Detal'nyi analiz dan dlya 43 vspleskov, dlya kotoryh v obshedostupnom arhive INTEGRAL est' sootvetstvuyushie dannye. Obnovlennost' zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto avtory ispol'zuyut novyi soft, kotoryi kachestvennee obrabatyvaet dannye dlya vspleskov, nablyudavshihsya daleko ot centra detektora.


Vypusk 197. 13-19 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.2107 Registraciya korotkogo GRB 080913 na ul'trabol'shom krasnom smeshenii i ego vliyanie na nashe ponimanie praroditelei i mehanizmov vydeleniya energii (Detection of the ultra-high z short GRB 080913 and its implications on progenitors and energy extraction mechanisms)
Authors: D. Perez-Ramirez et al.
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to A&A (Letter to the Editor)

Ochen' interesnyi vsplesk. Sperva on byl klassificirovan kak dlinnyi. No potom, kogda dostoverno bylo opredeleno krasnoe smeshenie 6.7, stalo yasno, chto v svoei sisteme otscheta etot vsplesk imel dlitel'nost' vsego lish' okolo sekundy, t.e. otnositsya k korotkim. Sovremennaya standartnaya kartina pokazyvaet nam korotkie vsplesi preimushestvenno na malyh krasnyh smesheniyah, i energetika u nih pomen'she. Poetomu otkrytie GRB 080913 ochen' vazhno, dlya nashego ponimaniya gamma-vpleskov. Poka est' mnogo gipotez, i diskussiya otkryta.

Sm. takzhe eshe odnu stat'yu drugoi gruppy po nablyudeniyam togo zhe istochnika: arxiv:0810.2314.


arxiv:0810.2499 POET: Polyarimetr dlya tranzientov na vysokih energiyah (POET: POlarimeters for Energetic Transients)
Authors: J.E. Hill et al.
Comments: 7 pages

Opisyvaetsya proekt nebol'shogo sputnika, prednaznachennogo dlya izmereniya polyarizacii gamma-vspleskov v diapazone 2-500 keV. Proekt napravlen v yanvare etogo goda v NASA. Ozhidaetsya, chto za 2 goda raboty pribor dast izmereniya dlya sotni gamma-vspleskov.

Prototipy detektorov uzhe uspeshno testirovalis' v ballonnyh eksperimentah, takzhe aktivno provodilos' modelirovanie ozhidaemyh rezul'tatov. Vse osnovnye tehnologii otrabotany, poetomu mozhno sdelat' nadezhnuyu nedoroguyu missiyu, kotoraya vydast ochen' vostrebovannyi rezul'tat, t.k. polyarizacionnye nablyudeniya kraine neobhodimy dlya proverok medelei raboty central'noi mashiny gamma-vspleskov.

O drugih polyarizacionnyh detektorah sm. arxiv:0810.2693, arxiv:0810.2700 (eto o planiruemomo polyarizacionnom detektore na XEUS), arxiv:0810.2780 (eto o planiruemom detektore na bortu kitaiskogo sputnika HXMT).


obzor arxiv:0810.2690 Giperakkrecionnye diski vokrug chernyh dyr (Hyper-accreting black holes)
Authors: Andrei M. Beloborodov
Comments: 20 pages

Giperakreciya na chernye dyry mozhet realizovyvat'sya srazu posle kollapsa ili zhe posle sliyaniya dvuh kompaktnyh ob'ektov. Kak izvestno, imenno v takih sistemah, soglasno sovremennoi kartine, voznikayut gamma-vspleski.

Obzor napisan ochen' ponyatno, poetomu ego mozhno smelo vsem rekomendovat'. Takzhe pro akkreciyu na chernuyu dyru, no tol'ko posle sliyanii, sm. svezhuyu original'nuyu stat'yu arxiv:0810.2535.


Vypusk 195. 12-30 sentyabrya 2008

arxiv:0809.4231 Opticheskie i infrakrasnye vspyshki ot tranzientnogo gallakticheskogo istochnika povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov (Optical and infrared flares from a transient Galactic soft gamma-ray repeater)
Authors: A.J. Castro-Tirado et al.
Comments: 20 pages, Version submitted to Nature on 31 Jan 2008. A substantially revised version of this work has been published in Nature, vol. 455 issue 7212 pp 506-509 under the title "Flares from a Galactic magnetar suggest a missing link to dim isolated neutron stars"

Srazu dve gruppy (sm. vtoruyu stat'yu arxiv:0809.4043) dokladyvayut ob obnaruzhenii interesnogo opticheskogo tranzienta.

Tranzient nablyudalsya posle gamma-vspleska. Vsplesk byl obnaruzhen 10 iyunya 2007 goda sputnikom SWIFT. Srazu stalo yasno, chto eto skoree vsego kakoi-to galakticheskii ob'ekt, a ne kosmologicheskii gamma-vsplesk. Eto sledovalo ne tol'ko iz togo, chto istochnik lezhit v ploskosti Galaktiki, no i iz ryada drugih svoistv.

Zatem, pribor RXT obnaruzhil rentgenovskuyu vspyshku. Takzhe bylo obnaruzheno i opticheskoe izluchenie. Sperva vsya summa dannyh ukazyvala na to, chto eto mozhet byt' dvoinaya sistema s chernoi dyroi (bystraya rentgenovskaya novaya).

Odnako novye dannye govoryat o drugom. V rassmatrivaemyh stat'yah avtory soobshayut o nablyudenii neskol'kih desyatkov opticheskih vspyshek, ochen' pohozhih na rentgenovskie vspyshki magnitarov. Vrode by est' ukazaniya na harakternyi period okolo 7 sekund. Poetomu obe gruppy interpretiruyut dannye, kak opticheskoe izluchenie magnitara. Togda eto budet pervoe takoe opticheskoe nablyudenie. Odnako ne isklyucheno, chto mogut poyavit'sya i drugie modeli.


katalog arxiv:0809.5174 Katalog gamma-vspleskov, zaregistrirovannyh monitorom na bortu BeppoSAX (The Gamma--Ray Burst catalog obtained with the Gamma Ray Burst Monitor aboard BeppoSAX)
Authors: F. Frontera et al.
Comments: 48 pages, 14 figures, 4 Tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement

Katalog vklyuchaet v sebya 1082 vspleska v diapazone 40-700 keV, kotorye byli obnaruzheny sputnikov BeppoSAX.


Vypusk 194. 01-11 sentyabrya 2008

arxiv:0809.1230 Registraciya zaderzhannogo gamma-izlucheniya ot GRB 080514B na AGILE (AGILE detection of delayed gamma-ray emission from GRB 080514B)
Authors: A. Giuliani et al.
Comments: 4 pages, A&A letters, in press

Zabavno, posle uspeshnogo zapuska GLAST uchenye, rabotayushie s dannymi AGILE, tut zhe nachali vydavat' stat'i. Vot eshe odna.

So vremen raboty pribora EGRET na bortu Komptonovskoi observatorii ne bylo registracii otnositel'no pozdnego (zaderzhannogo) izlucheniya gamma-vspleskov na ochen' bol'shih energiyah. AGILE optimizirovan dlya takih nablyudenii. I vot ot GRB 080514B zaregistrirovan potok na energiyah vyshe neskol'kih desyatkov MeV uzhe posle togo, kak ischez potok na standartnyh dlya gamma-vspleskov energii. Pravda, rech' idet o sekundah. Vsplesk dlilsya 7 sekund, a eshe 6 sekund posle etogo prihodili zhestkie kvanty.


Vypusk 189. 24 iyunya - 08 iyulya 2008

miniobzor arxiv:0807.0445 Svoistva zvezd - praroditelei gamma-vspleskov (Properties of Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor Stars)
Authors: Pawan Kumar, Ramesh Narayan, Jarrett L. Johnson
Comments: 12 pages, Science in press

Avtory pytayutsya dat' obzor svoistv massivnyh zvezd, kotorye porozhdayut v konce svoei zhizni dlinnye gamma-vspleski. Razumeetsya, nikakoi yasnosti tut net, i avtory skoree pytayutsya prosto chto-to ponyat' na osnove standartnoi modeli i izvestnyh dannyh o poslesvecheniyah vspleskov.

Kstati, o mehanizme central'noi mashiny gamma-vspleskov mozhno posmotret' korotkii obzor arxiv:0807.0747.


Vypusk 187. 01-09 iyunya 2008

arxiv:0806.0113 Peresmotrennyi katalog gamma-istochnikov EGRET (A revised catalogue of EGRET gamma-ray sources)
Authors: Jean-Marc Casandjian, Isabelle A. Grenier
Comments: 12pages + 23 pages, Accepted in A&A

Avtory pereobrabatyvayut dannye EGRET i sostavlyayut novyi katalog istochnikov. V original'nom variante byl 271 istochnik. V novom - 188. 107 "staryh" istochnikov ne voshli v novyi katalog. S drugoi storony, poyavilos' 30 novyh. Osnovnye izmeneniya svyazany s model'yu mezhzvezdnoi sredy.


Vypusk 186. 16-31 maya 2008

obzor arxiv:0805.2221 Gamma-izluchenie vysokoi energii ot gamma-vspleskov: do GLAST (High energy gamma-ray emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts -- before GLAST)
Authors: Yi-Zhong Fan, Tsvi Piran
Comments: 24 pages, An invited review article for Front. Phys. China. (Possible prompt and very early GeV-TeV emission from GRB 080319B are discussed in Sec. V)

Hotya gamma-vspleski i nazyvayutsya gamma-vspleskami, no v samom dele zhestkoe gamma-izluchenie ot nih nablyudaetsya ne tak uzh chasto. Odnako est' neskol'ko primerov obnaruzheniya gamma-vspleskov na energiyah >20 MeV. V preddverii zapuska sputnika GLAST avtory summiruyut predydushie nablyudeniya i delayut nekotorye predskazaniya.


Vypusk 185. 01-15 maya 2008

arxiv:0805.0306 Materinskie galaktiki korotkih gamma-vspleskov: svetimosti, metallichnosti i temp zvezdoobrazovaniya (The Host Galaxies of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts: Luminosities, Metallicities, and Star Formation Rates)
Authors: E. Berger
Comments: 11 pages, Submitted to ApJ

Korotkie gamma-vspleski nablyudayutsya v galaktikah raznyh tipov. Galaktiki s zametnym zvezdoobrazovaniem sostavlyayut bolee 80 procentov. Ostal'noe - ellipticheskie. Esli sravnivat' materinskie galaktiki korotkih i dlinnyh vspleskov, to u vtoryh oni sistematicheski imeyut men'shuyu metallichnost' i bolee vysokii temp zvezdoobrazovaniya. Avtor polagaet, chto eto govorit o raznyh praroditelyah u korotkih i dlinnyh vspleskov. Standartnaya ideya o tom, chto korotkie vspleski svyazany so sliyanimi neitronnyh zvezd ukladyvaetsya v dannye o materinskih galaktikah.


arxiv:0805.1557 GRB 080319B: vidimyi nevooruzhennym glazom zvezdnyi vzryv v dalekoi vselennoi (GRB 080319B: A Naked-Eye Stellar Blast from the Distant Universe)
Authors: J. L. Racusin et al.
Comments: 43 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Nature May 11, 2008

Raznye gruppy nablyudatelei (i optiki, i rentgenshiki) napisali obshuyu bol'shuyu stat'yu v Nature, posvyashennuyu vsplesku 19 marta, kotoryi v maksimume byl viden nevooruzhennym glazom. Sovmestnyi analiz opticheskih i gamma/rentgenovskih dannyh pokazyvaet, chto myagkoe i zhestkoe izluchenie rozhdayutsya v odnoi oblasti vdali ot central'nogo istochnika (chernoi dyry), no svyazany s raznymi spektral'nymi komponentami. Vse neploho ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu kartinu vzryva massivnoi zvezdy, kotoraya do vzryva imela sil'nyi zvezdnyi veter, cherez kotoryi i rasprostranyaetsya sil'no relyativistskii dzhet.


Vypusk 183. 01-20 aprelya 2008

obzor arxiv:0804.2074 Vklad Bogdana v nashe ponimanie gamma-vspleskov (Bohdan's Impact on Our Understanding of Gamma-ray Bursts)
Authors: Tsvi Piran
Comments: 19 pages, A talk given at The Variable Universe A Celebration of Bohdan Paczy'nski. To appear at the proccedings edited by Kris Stanek

Bogdana Pachinskogo bolee chem spravedlivo schitayut odnim iz samyh znachitel'nyh astrofizikov 20 veka (dumayu, budet spravedlivo, esli zapuskaemyi v mae sputnik GLAST nazovut v ego chest'). On vnes vklad v raznye oblasti astronomii. Emu bylo svoistvenno i generirovat' yarkie "bystrye" idei, i spravlyat'sya so slozhnymi glubokimi voprosami. Odnoi iz oblastei, v kotoroi ego vklad kraine velik, yavlyaetsya astrofizika gamma-vspleskov.

V svoei stat'e Cvi Piran daet ochen' yarkii obzor istorii razvitiya astrofiziki gamma-vspleskov i roli Pachinskogo v etom. Chitat' stoit po trem prichinam: prosto horosho napisano (yarko, veselo, dinamichno), horosho ocherchena istoriya, mozhno legko ponyat' osnovnye cherty sovremennoi stanlartnoi modeli gamma-vspleskov.


miniobzor arxiv:0804.2256 Razdel, posvyashennyi gamma-vspleskam, v otchete o sostoyanii i perspektivah gamma-astronomii ochen' vysokih energii (The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report )
Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
Comments: to appear in Proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007 Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 5 pages, 4 figures

Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi daetsya obzor nablyudenii gamma-vspleskov s pomosh'yu nazemnyh gamma-teleskopah v diapazone poryadka TeV. Eto razdel bol'shogo otcheta. Ego cel' - dat' rekomendacii dlya budushih proektov. Ochen' koncentrirovano opisano tepereshnee sostoyanie del (est' neskol'ko nepodtverzhdennyh slabyh kandidatov), teoreticheskie osnovy, pozvolyayushie nadeyat'sya na registraciyu gamma-vspleskov na vysokih energiyah, i sdelany nekotorye vyvody, kasatel'no budushih nablyudenii.


miniobzor arxiv:0804.2260 Nablyudenie rentgenovskih vspyshek ot gamma-vspleskov (Observations of X-ray Flares from Gamma Ray Bursts)
Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
Comments: Solicited paper to appear in Proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007 Meeting, Santa Fe, New Mexico; 6 pages, 4 figures

Ot 30 do 50 procentov gamma-vspleskov soprovozhdayutsya rentgenovskimi vspyshkami (ne putat' s poslesvecheniem!), kotorye proishodyat spustya sotni, tysyachi, ili dazhe desyatki tysyach sekund posle osnovnogo vspleska. Teoriya etogo yavleniya ne ochen' ponyatna, i v korotkom obzore v osnovnom osuzhdayutsya nablyudeniya, v pervuyu ochered' na sputnike Swift, kotoryi igraet pervuyu skripku v izuchenii etih rentgenovskih vspyshek.


Vypusk 182. 18-31 marta 2008

arxiv:0803.2718 Populyaciya galaktik, v kotoryh proishodyat gamma-vspleski (The Galaxy Population Hosting Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: The Galaxy Population Hosting Gamma-Ray Bursts Authors: S. Savaglio, K. Glazebrook, D. Le Borgne
Comments: 34 pages, 19 figures, 11 tables, submitted to ApJ, revised version after first referee report

V marte 2008 g. proizoshlo vazhnoe sobytie. Lyudyam, izuchayushim gamma-vspleski, pridetsya zapomnit' eshe odin nomer: GRB 080319b. Ot etogo vspleska udalos' uvidet' opticheskoe izluchenie v maksimume bleska, i eto okazalsya ob'ekt yarche shestoi zvezdnoi velichiny! T.e., ego bylo vidno nevooruzhennym glazom (konechno, tol'ko v meste s ochen' temnym nebom). Razumeetsya, eta novost' privlekla vnimanie, i v Arhive eshe budet mnogo statei po etomu povodu.

Stat'ya Saval'o i dr. - o drugom. V nei avtory dayut samyi polnyi na segodnyashnii den' obzor svoistv galaktik, v kotoryh nablyudalis' gamma-vspleski. Rassmotreno 46 zvezdnyh sistem. Samaya dalekaya nahoditsya na krasnom smeshenii 6.3. V srednem eti galaktiki imeyut metallichnost' v 4 raza nizhe solnechnoi. Analiziruyutsya dannye po tempu zvezdoobrazovaniya.

K sozhaleniyu, poka ne hvataet statistiki, chtoby proanalizirovat' galaktiki, razdeliv ih po podklassam gamma-vspleskov. V pervuyu ochered' eto otnositsya k korotkim vspleskam.


arxiv:0803.3215 Nablyudeniya vidimogo nevooruzhennym glazom GRB 080319B: znachenie yarchaishego vzryva (Observations of the Naked-Eye GRB 080319B: Implications of Nature's Brightest Explosion)
Authors: J.S. Bloom et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ, 42 pages, 6 figures

Rabotat' nado bystro. Men'she nedeli nazad proizoshel vsplesk, a 42-stranichnaya stat'ya uzhe napravlena i vylozhena v Arhiv.

Rech' idet o gamma-vspleske GRB 080319B, o kotorom pisali vse novostnye lenty. Udalos' pronablyudat' opticheskoe izluchenie samogo vspleska (ne poslesvechenie) v samye pervye mgnoveniya vzryva. Pri etom blesk byl nastol'ko velik, chto byl ne tol'ko postavlen rekord, no i prevzoidet vazhnyi psihologicheskii rubezh - shestaya zvezdnaya velichina, - kotoryi razdelyaet ob'ekty vidimye nevooruzhennym glazom ot nevidimyh.

V stat'e avtory summiruyut nablyudeniya v optike i v IK, kak vo vremya vspleska, tak i posle nego (t.e., poslesvechenie). Krome togo, obsuzhdaetsya, chto eto mozhet dat' teorii, kak mozhno ob'yasnit' nablyudavshiesya fenomeny. Nakonec, avtory obsuzhdayut nablyudaemost' takih vspleskov na budushih instrumentah. Budushie ustanovki dlya poiska opticheskih tranzientov, osnovannye na teleskopah metrovogo klassa, smogut videt' takie vspleski s z~17.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 174. 01-13 dekabrya 2007

arxiv:0712.1233 Korotkie gamma-vspleski s dlitel'nym izlucheniem iz-za zamedleniya protomagnitara (Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts with Extended Emission from Proto-Magnetar Spin-Down)
Authors: B.D. Metzger, E. Quataert, T.A. Thompson
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures; submitted to MNRAS Letters

Dlya raznyh podvidov gamma-vspleskov prodozhayut predlagat' i razrabatyvat' raznye scenarii. Vse oni vklyuchayut v sebya obrazovanie kompaktnogo ob'ekta i diska vokrug nego, no detali razlichayutsya. Naprimer, est' korotkie vspleski, u kotoryh v dopolnenie k osnovnomu impul'su vidyat takzhe shirokii vsplesk dlitel'nost'yu do 100 sekund. V dannyh SWIFT takih nemalo. V etoi stat'e avtory razvivayut model', v kotoroi takie vspleski porozhdayutsya protomagnitarom, voznikshim ili pri kollapse belogo karlika, ili pri sliyanii belyh karlikov ili neitronnyh zvezd. Trebuyutsya dostatochno ekstremal'nye parametry: pole 3 1015 gauss pri periode 1 msek.


arxiv:0712.1412 Anomal'noe rentgenovskoe izluchenie GRB060904B: liniya nikelya? (Anomalous X-Ray emission in GRB060904B: a Nickel line?)
Authors: R. Margutti et al.
Comments: Accepted by A&A

V rentgenovskom izluchenii odnogo iz gamma-vspleskov byla obnaruzhena interesnaya detal'. Avtory stroyat model' i prihodyat k vyvodu, chto eto mozhet byt' liniya nikelya. Esli model' pravil'naya, to, kak chasto byvaet v astrofizike, spektral'nye dannye dadut vozmozhnost' ponyat' ochen'-ochen' mnogo novogo o mehanizme vspleska, o tom, chto proishodilo "vnutri central'noi mashiny". Naprimer, mozhno budet s uverennost'yu govorit' o tom, kogda posle nachala kollapsa proizoshel gamma-vsplesk.


arxiv:0712.1502 Gigantskaya vspyshka istochnika myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov v Tumannosti Andromedy, M31 (A Giant Flare from a Soft Gamma Repeater in the Andromeda Galaxy, M31)
Authors: E.P. Mazets et al.
Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ

V fevrale etogo goda pribory eksperimenta Konus-Vind, a takzhe drugie detektory, zafiksirovali korotkii zhestkii vsplesk. Po svoim svoistvam on ochen' pohozh na gigantskie vspyshki magnitarov. Prichem, vsplesk proeciruetsya na M31. T.o., vse govorit v pol'zu togo, chto eto vsplesk vnegalakticheskogo istochnika myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov.


Vypusk 197. 13-19 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.2107 Registraciya korotkogo GRB 080913 na ul'trabol'shom krasnom smeshenii i ego vliyanie na nashe ponimanie praroditelei i mehanizmov vydeleniya energii (Detection of the ultra-high z short GRB 080913 and its implications on progenitors and energy extraction mechanisms)
Authors: D. Perez-Ramirez et al.
Comments: 5 pages, submitted to A&A (Letter to the Editor)

Ochen' interesnyi vsplesk. Sperva on byl klassificirovan kak dlinnyi. No potom, kogda dostoverno bylo opredeleno krasnoe smeshenie 6.7, stalo yasno, chto v svoei sisteme otscheta etot vsplesk imel dlitel'nost' vsego lish' okolo sekundy, t.e. otnositsya k korotkim. Sovremennaya standartnaya kartina pokazyvaet nam korotkie vsplesi preimushestvenno na malyh krasnyh smesheniyah, i energetika u nih pomen'she. Poetomu otkrytie GRB 080913 ochen' vazhno, dlya nashego ponimaniya gamma-vpleskov. Poka est' mnogo gipotez, i diskussiya otkryta.

Sm. takzhe eshe odnu stat'yu drugoi gruppy po nablyudeniyam togo zhe istochnika: arxiv:0810.2314.


arxiv:0810.2499 POET: Polyarimetr dlya tranzientov na vysokih energiyah (POET: POlarimeters for Energetic Transients)
Authors: J.E. Hill et al.
Comments: 7 pages

Opisyvaetsya proekt nebol'shogo sputnika, prednaznachennogo dlya izmereniya polyarizacii gamma-vspleskov v diapazone 2-500 keV. Proekt napravlen v yanvare etogo goda v NASA. Ozhidaetsya, chto za 2 goda raboty pribor dast izmereniya dlya sotni gamma-vspleskov.

Prototipy detektorov uzhe uspeshno testirovalis' v ballonnyh eksperimentah, takzhe aktivno provodilos' modelirovanie ozhidaemyh rezul'tatov. Vse osnovnye tehnologii otrabotany, poetomu mozhno sdelat' nadezhnuyu nedoroguyu missiyu, kotoraya vydast ochen' vostrebovannyi rezul'tat, t.k. polyarizacionnye nablyudeniya kraine neobhodimy dlya proverok medelei raboty central'noi mashiny gamma-vspleskov.

O drugih polyarizacionnyh detektorah sm. arxiv:0810.2693, arxiv:0810.2700 (eto o planiruemomo polyarizacionnom detektore na XEUS), arxiv:0810.2780 (eto o planiruemom detektore na bortu kitaiskogo sputnika HXMT).


obzor arxiv:0810.2690 Giperakkrecionnye diski vokrug chernyh dyr (Hyper-accreting black holes)
Authors: Andrei M. Beloborodov
Comments: 20 pages

Giperakreciya na chernye dyry mozhet realizovyvat'sya srazu posle kollapsa ili zhe posle sliyaniya dvuh kompaktnyh ob'ektov. Kak izvestno, imenno v takih sistemah, soglasno sovremennoi kartine, voznikayut gamma-vspleski.

Obzor napisan ochen' ponyatno, poetomu ego mozhno smelo vsem rekomendovat'. Takzhe pro akkreciyu na chernuyu dyru, no tol'ko posle sliyanii, sm. svezhuyu original'nuyu stat'yu arxiv:0810.2535.


Vypusk 172. 01-19 noyabrya 2007

arxiv:0711.0037 Opticheskie nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov, otkrytie sverhnovyh 2005bv, 2005ee, i 2006ak, i poisk tranzientov na teleskope-robote MASTER (Optical Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts, the Discovery of Supernovae 2005bv, 2005ee, and 2006ak, and Searches for Transients Using the "MASTER" Robotic Telescope)
Authors: V. M. Lipunov et al.
Comments: 30 pages, 18 figures, 9 table, Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2007, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 1110-1134

Opisany osnovnye rezul'taty nablyudenii na MASTERe za 2005-2006 gg. Osnovnaya zadacha teleskopa - izuchenie opticheskogo poslesvecheniya gamma-vspleskov, no poputno reshayutsya i drugie zadachi, svyazannye s nablyudeniyami opticheskih tranzientov: poisk sverhnovyh, asteroidov i tp.


Vypusk 171. 17-31 oktyabrya 2007

arxiv:0710.4280 Gamma-vspleski iz molodoi vselennoi: predskazaniya dlya sovremennyh i budushih instrumentov (Gamma Ray Bursts from the early Universe: predictions for present-day and future instruments)
Authors: R. Salvaterra, S. Campana, G. Chincarini, S. Covino, G. Tagliaferri
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS in press

Avtory zadayutsya voprosom: kakim dolzhen byt' ideal'nyi instrument dlya poiska gamma-vspleskov s bol'shim krasnym smesheniem. Takie vspleski pomogli by uznat' mnogo interesnogo ob epohe reionizacii.

Ideal'nyi instrument sravnivaetsya s vozmozhnostyami sovremennyh priborov, a takzhe teh, kotorye poletyat v blizhaishem budushem. Po mneniyu avtorov ni INTEGRAL, ni GLAST ne smogut tut pomoch', a vot EXIST smozhet uvidet' dostatochnoe kolichestvo dalekih gamma-vspleskov.

Sm. nizhe stat'yu o chuvstvitel'nosti EXIST k gamma-vspleskam.


Vypusk 168. 11-18 sentyabrya 2007

arxiv:0709.1380 Nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov na teleskope MAGIC: sostoyanie i perspektivy (Observation of GRBs by the MAGIC Telescope, Status and Outlook)
Authors: D. Bastieri et al.
Comments: Contribution to the 30th ICRC, Merida Mexico, July 2007 on behalf of the MAGIC Collaboration

Na nazemnom gamma-teleskope MAGIC regulyarno provodyat poiski signala ot gamma-vspleskov. Poka, uvy, nichego ne obnaruzheno. No o tom, kakie est' plany i nadezhdy, mozhno prochest' v etoi stat'e.

Statei po rezul'tatam MAGIC poyavilas' massa. O nablyudeniyah gamma-vspleskov na MAGIC sm. takzhe arxiv:0709.1386. O poiske tau-neitrino - arxiv:0709.1462. Ob otkrytii zhestkogo gamma ot 3S 279 - v arxiv:0709.1475. O monitoringe blazarov - tut. O registracii izlucheniya ot BL Lac v 0709.2265, O nablyudeniyah drugoi lacertidy, provedennyh sovmestno s rentgenovskimi sputnikami, chitaite v sleduyushei stat'e. O nablyudeniyah vo vremya sumerek i pri lunnom svete chitaite zdes'. O nablyudeniyam mikrokvazarov - v 0709.2288. O poiskah istochnikov kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii - zdes'. O testovyh progonah v ramkah podgotovki k sovmestnym nablyudeniyam s neitrinnymi proektami mozhno prochest' zdes'.

O tehnologii, ispol'zuemoi pri sozdanii zerkala MAGIC-II (bolee krupnoi i sovremennoi versii, vtoroi teleskop budet stoyat' ryadom s pervym, i oni budut rabotat' v pare) mozhno prochest' zdes': arxiv:0709.1372. Kamera, kotoraya budet ustanovlena na MAGIC-II, opisana v arxiv:0709.2474 O statuse postrioki vtorogo teleskama sm. 0709.2605.

Apgreidu teleskopa posvyashena stat'ya arxiv:0709.2363. Eshe o tehnicheskih aspektah raboty MAGIC sm. arxiv:0709.1410, arxiv:0709.1574, arxiv:0709.1694, arxiv:0709.2052.


Vypusk 167. 25 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2007

arxiv:0709.0061 GRB060602B = Swift J1749.4-2807: neobychnaya tranzientnaya dvoinaya s neitronnoi zvezdoi (GRB060602B = Swift J1749.4-2807: an unusual transiently accreting neutron-star X-ray binary)
Authors: Rudy Wijnands et al.
Comments: submitted to MNRAS

Pohozhe, chto odin iz gamma-vspleskov na samom dele yavlyaetsya neobychnoi vspyshkoi na neitronnoi zvezde v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme. Avtory polagayut, chto ne isklyucheno, chto est' mnogo sistem takogo tipa, no poka oni uskol'zayut ot nablyudatelei iz-za trudnoulovimosti ih vspyshek.


arxiv:0709.0829 Dlinnye gamma-vspleski ot dvoinyh zvezd: ubegayushie Vol'f-Raie praroditeli (Long GRBs from binary stars: runaway, Wolf-Rayet progenitors)
Authors: M.Cantiello, S.-C.Yoon, N.Langer, M.Livio
Comments: 6 pages, To appear in the proceedings of the conference "Unsolved problems in stellar physics" - Cambridge, July 2007

Dlya poyavleniya dlinnogo gamma-vspleska, chto v naibolee populyarnom scenarii svyazyvaetsya s kollapsom yadra dostatochno massivnoi zvezdy, neobhodimo bystroe vrashenie yadra zvezdy. Obychno zvezdy dostatochno effektivno zamedlyayutsya. Raskrutit' zvezdu mozhno v tesnoi dvoinoi sisteme. Krome togo, bylo predlozheno, chto pri maloi metallichnosti zvezdy ostayutsya dostatochno bystrovrashayushimisya. V dannoi stat'e predstavlen analiz situacii, v kotoroi malometallichnaya zvezda vhodit v tesnuyu dvoinuyu sistemu.

Vo-pervyh, pokazano, chto v takoi dvoinoi mozhno poluchit' usloviya, pri kotoryh vtoraya (menee massivnaya) zvezda dast gamma-vsplesk. Vo-vtoryh, sistema raspadaetsya posle pervogo vzryva, poetomu mozhno ozhidat', chto predsverhnovaya budet ubegayushei zvezdoi. Eto znachit, chto ona proidet neskol'ko sot parsek do porozhdeniya vspleska. Nakonec, poskol'ku skoree vsego napravlenie dzheta budet perpendikulyarno skrosti zvezdy , mozhno sdelat' predskazaniya otnositel'no svoistv sredy vokrug vzryvayusheisya zvezdy. Eto vazhno dlya opisaniya svoistv poslesvechenii (oreolov) gamma-vspleskov.


miniobzor arxiv:0709.0861 Populyaciya materinskih galaktik gamma-vspleskov (The population of GRB hosts)
Authors: N. R. Tanvir, A. J. Levan
Comments: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in proceedings of 070228: The next decade of GRB afterglows, Amsterdam March 2007

Dlya mnogih gamma-vspleskov my mozhem poluchit' vpolne podrobnuyu informaciyu o galaktikah, v kotoryh oni poyavilis'. Razumeetsya, eto daet mnogo povodom dlya razdumii. Avtory rezyumiruyut nashe znanie v etoi oblasti, i pytayutsya pokazat', kak eto pomogaet v ponimanii prirody mehanizma vspleskov.


Vypusk 165. 01-13 avgusta 2007

arxiv:0708.0226 GRB070610: lyubopytnyi galakticheskii tranzient (GRB070610 : A Curious Galactic Transient)
Authors: M. M. Kasliwal et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ, 17 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables

10 iyunya etogo goda sputnik SWIFT uvidel ocherednoi gamma-vsplesk. Nu uvidel - i uvidel. On ih chasto vidit, dlya togo i zapuskali. No vse ne tak prosto. Vozmozhno, chto my imeem delo s interesnym otkrytiem.

Sputnik SWIFT neset na bortu pribory, pozvolyayushie opredelyat' polozhenie vspleska s dostatochno vysokoi tochnost'yu (neskol'ko uglovyh minut). Posle vspleska, dlivshegosya 5 sekund (normal'nyi vsplesk, klassificiruemyi kak "dlinnyi") v toi oblasti, iz kotoroi prishel vsplesk udalos' uvidet' peremennyi rentgenovskii istochnik. Opticheskie nablyudeniya etoi oblasti pokazali, chto spektr pohozh na spektr zvezdy klassa K (eto mozhet byt' sub-gigant ili karlik, t.e. obychnaya zvezda glavnoi posledovatel'nosti). Vse eto govorit o tom, chto my vidim tesnuyu dvoinuyu sistemu, skoree vsego s chernoi dyroi. Esli eta sistema imeet otnoshenie k vsplesku, to eto ochen' vazhnyi rezul'tat! Eto oznachaet, chto dvoinye chernye dyry (v pare s malomassivnym kompan'onom) mogut pokazyvat' ochen' interesnyi tip aktivnosti, kotoryi "podmeshivaetsya" k obychnym gamma-vspleskam!

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


arxiv:0708.0626 Sinhrotronnaya sverhobolochka v galaktike IC10: ostatok gipernovoi? (A synchrotron superbubble in the IC 10 Galaxy: a hypernova remnant?)
Authors: T.A. Lozinskaya, A.V. Moiseev
Comments: 4 pages, 3 EPS figures, Accepted to MNRAS (in Letters)

Vozmozhno, chto udalos' identificirovat' ostatok gipernovoi! Pokazano, chto sverhobolochka v galaktike IC10 veroyatnee vsego byla sformirovana za schet odnogo sil'nogo vzryva.


Vypusk 164. 20-31 iyulya 2007

arxiv:0707.4008 Gamma-vspleski i gipernovye, svyazannye s nekotorymi galakticheskimi istochnikami (GRBs and Hypernova Explosions of Some Galactic Sources)
Authors: G. E. Brown, C. -H. Lee, E. Moreno Mendez
Comments: 3 pages, 1 figures

Avtory rassmatrivayut vopros o tom, ne svyazany li nekotorye izvestnye galakticheskie kandidaty v chernye dyry s gamma-vspleskami i gipernovymi. T.e., ne bylo li v moment rozhdeniya sootvetstvuyushih chernyh dyr gamma-vspleskov. Vyvod avtorov v otnoshenii neskol'kih ob'ektov [Nova Sco (GRO J1655-40), Il Lupi (4U 1543-47), XTE J1550-564, GS 2023+338] utverditel'nyi. A vot izvestnyi kandidat v chernye dyry v sisteme Lebed' H-1 s gamma-vspleskom ne svyazan, po mneniyu avtorov. Svyazano eto, opyat' zhe "kak polagayut avtory", s raznymi massami komponent v dvoiyh sistemah.


katalog arxiv:0707.4626 Pervyi katalog gamma-vspleskov pribora BAT na bortu SWIFT (The First Swift BAT Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog)
Authors: T. Sakamoto et al.
Comments: 63 pages, 23 figures, Submitted to ApJS

Predstavlen katalog gamma-vspleskov, zaregistrirovannyh priborom BAT (Burst Alert Telescope) na bortu sputnika SWIFT v period s 19 dekabrya 2004 goda po 16 iyunya 2007. Vklyucheno 237 sobytii.

Tablicy s dannymi dostupny zdes'.



Vypusk 163. 01-19 iyulya 2007

katalog arxiv:0707.1900 Polnyi katalog gamma-vspleskov, nablyudavshihsya shirokopol'nymi kamerami na bortu BeppoSAX (The complete catalogue of gamma-ray bursts observed by the Wide Field Cameras on board BeppoSAX)
Authors: L. Vetere, P. Soffitta, E. Massaro, P. Giommi, E. Costa
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

Daetsya kratkoe opisanie kataloga, kotoryi dostupen on-lain zdes'. V katalog voshlo 77 gamma-vspleskov, a takzhe rentgenovskie krivye bleska dlya 56 vspleskov.


arxiv:0707.2100 Relyativistskie dzhety i dlinnye gamma-vspleski ot rozhdayushihsya magnitarov (Relativistic Jets and Long-Duration Gamma-ray Bursts from the Birth of Magnetars)
Authors: N. Bucciantini et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS letter, presented at the conference "Astrophysics of Compact Objects", 1-7 July, Huangshan, China

Predstavleny rezul'taty chislennogo modelirovaniya. V rezul'tate kollapsa obrazuetsya sil'no zamagnichenaaya bystrovrashayushayasya neitronnaya zvezda - magnitar. Formiruyutsya dzhety. Parametry obrazovavshegosya ob'ekta pozvolyayut po mneniyu avtorov, govorit' o poyavlenii dlinnogo gamma-vspleska.

Sm. takzhe arXiv:0707.2219 o svyazi sverhnovyh i gamma-vspleskov, a takzhe o vozmozhnosti togo, chto v serdce central'noi mashiny vspleska sidit neitronnaya zvezda, a ne chernaya dyra. I arXiv:0707.2187 o svyazi gamma-vspleskov so zvezdami maloi metallichnosti.


Vypusk 162. 20-30 iyunya 2007

miniobzor arxiv:0706.3047 Radiosvoistva sverhnovyh Ibc (The Radio Properties of Type Ibc Supernovae)
Authors: Alicia M. Soderberg
Comments: 8 pages, Proceedings for "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCray

Kak izvestno, dlinnye gamma-vspleski mnogie svyazyvayut so sverhnovymi. Prichem ne so vsyakimi, a tol'ko s tipom Ibc (sm. takzhe arxiv:0706.3209). Prichem, ne vse sverhnovye etogo tipa, a lish' chast'. Vot pro poslednee i idet rech' v stat'e.

Avtor pokazyvaet, chto esli gamma-vspleski i rentgenovskie vspyshki zakachivayut v energiyu relyativistskogo potoka veshestva bolee 1048 erg, to sverhnovye Ibc obychno zakachivayut men'she. V itoge, menee 3 proecntov ot blizkih sverhnovyh etogo tipa dayut osnovanie zapodozrit' ih svyaz' s gamma-vspleskami.

Razumeetsya, "mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit". Avtor nadeetsya, chto planiruemye opticheskie obzory, prednaznachennye dlya poiska sverhnovyh, smogut prolit' svet na fiziku sverhnovyh Ibc, i na i' svyaz' s gamma-vspleskami i rentgenovskimi vspyshkami.


Vypusk 161. 09-19 iyunya 2007

katalog arxiv:0706.1275 Polnyi katalog spektrov i dlitel'nostei gamma-vspleskov, zaregistrirovannyh sputnikom SWIFT (A Complete Catalog of Swift GRB Spectra and Durations: Demise of a Physical Origin for Pre-Swift High-Energy Correlations)
Authors: Nathaniel R. Butler, Daniel Kocevski, Joshua S. Bloom, Jason L. Curtis
Comments: 25 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Predstavleny dannye po 218 vspleskam, zaregistrirovannym v period s dekabrya 2004 goda po mai 2007. Dlya 76 iz nih izmereny krasnye smesheniya. Obsuzhdayutsya korrelyacii mezhdu razlichnymi parametrami. Rezul'taty sravnivayutsya s tem, chto bylo izvestno do SWIFT'a.


arxiv:0706.1505 Gamma-izluchenie ochen' vysokoi energii ot chernoi dyry zvezdnoi massy Cygnus X-1 (Very High Energy Gamma-ray Radiation from the Stellar-mass Black Hole Cygnus X-1)
Authors: MAGIC Collaboration: J. Albert, et al
Comments: 4 ApJL-formatted pages, 4 figures. Submitted to ApJL

S pomosh'yu nazemnogo gamma-teleskopa MAGIC provedeny nablyudeniya samoi izvestnoi sistemy s chernoi dyroi (ili, strogo govorya, s kandidatom v chernye dyry) - Lebed' H-1. Nikakogo postoyannogo gamma-izlucheniya obnaruzheno ne bylo. Zato est' slaboe (na urovne 4 sigma) ukazanie na to, chto byla obnaruzhena vspyshka. Prichem vspyshka sovpala s rentgenovskoi. Esli gamma-vspyshka real'na, to eto pervyi primer obnaruzheniya gamma-izlucheniya TeVnoi energii ot kandidata v chernye dyry (napomnyu, chto let 20 nazad po etomu povodu bylo mnogo diskussii, i togda ne udalos' dokazat' real'nost' signalov, o kotoryh zayavlyali neskol'ko grupp issledovatelei).

Nablyudeniya etogo istochnika obsuzhdayutsya takzhe v e-printe arxiv:0706.1372. V nem predstavleny rezul'taty sovmestnyh nablyudenii v radio i rentgenovskom diapazonah. Udalos' uvidet' vspyshku, proizoshedshuyu prakticheski odnovremenno na etih stol' raznyh dlinah voln.


arxiv:0706.1564 Pervyi obzor rentgenovskih vspyshek ot gamma-vspleskov, obnaruzhennyh SWIFT (The First Survey of X-ray Flares from Gamma Ray Bursts Observed by Swift: Spectral Properties and Energetics)
Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
Comments: submitted to ApJ; 37 pages with 14 figures

Pri nablyudeniyah na sputnike SWIFT udalos' horosho razglyadet', chto mnogie gamma-vspleski soprovozhdayutsya ne tol'ko poslesvecheniyami, no i rentgenovskimi vspyshkami na fone etogo poslesvecheniya. Fenomenologiya vspyshek ochen' bogataya. Chto eto za vspyshki poka ne yasno.

V stat'e avtory vydelyayut 110 vspleskov, nablyudavshihsya na SWIFT. U 33 iz nih obnaruzheny rentgenovskie vspyshki (t.e. eto ne redkoe yavlenie). V rezul'tate analiza sobrannyh dannyh avtory prihodyat k vyvodu o tom, chto rentgenovskie vspyshki - eto aktivnost', svyazannaya s "Central'noi mashinoi", a ne s poslesvecheniem.


obzor arxiv:0706.2445 Kosmologiya s gamma-vspleskami (GRB Cosmology)
Authors: Volker Bromm, Abraham Loeb
Comments: 24 pages, 9 figures, review to appear in "Gamma-ray Bursts" (CUP)

V literature chasto obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhno ispol'zovat' kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski v kachestve instrumenta dlya kosmologicheskih issledovanii. Po suti, v obzore sobrany vse osnovnye idei v etom klyuche. V osnovnom rech' idet o svyazi zvezd populyacii III s gamma-vspleskami, ob izuchenii tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya i mezhgalakticheskoi sredy na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah.


Vypusk 158. 12-21 maya 2007

arxiv:0705.1648 Ekstradlinnye rentgenovskie plato gamma-vspleskov i spinarnaya paradigma (Extralong X-ray Plateau in GRB and Spinar Paradigm)
Authors: V. Lipunov, E. Gorbovskoy
Comments: 12 pages 3 figures submitted to ApJL

Avtory predstavlyayut model' gamma-vspleskov, v kotoryi klyuchevym momentom yavlyaetsya sleduyushee. Pri kollapse bystro vrashayushegosya yadra sperva obrazuetsya spinar - ob'ekt, uderzhivaemyi ot shlopyvaniya centrobezhnymi silami. Na etoi stadii mogut voznikat' ochen' dlinnye plato v krivoi bleska, nablyudaemye i gamma-vspleskov. Potom, kogda spinar dostatochno zamedlitsya, proishodit kollaps v chernuyu dyru.

Podrobnee mozhno poslushat' na doklade avtorov 18 maya.


Vypusk 155. 13-23 aprelya 2007

arxiv:0704.2525 Sluchai nevernoi identifikacii? GRB 060912A i priroda deleniya na korotkie i dlinnye vspleski (A case of mistaken identity? GRB 060912A and the nature of the long -- short GRB divide)
Authors: A.J. Levan, et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

"I tol'ko tut ona zametila, chto ne bryunet on, a blondin"

Pri bolee pristal'nom izuchenii okazalos', chto vsplesk GRB 060912A eto ne korotkii vsplesk v ellipticheskoi galaktike na z=0.0936, a dlinnyi vsplesk v galaktike s burnym zvezdoobrazovaniem na z=0.937. Tak chto po-prezhnemu ne nado krichat' "Evrika!", ne vyliv sebe na golovu vedro holodnoi vody.


Vypusk 154. 01-12 aprelya 2007

arxiv:0704.0128 On-lainovoe hranilishe krivyh gamma vspleskov po dannym Swift/XRT (An online repository of Swift/XRT light curves of GRBs)
Authors: P.A. Evans et al.
Comments: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A&A

Na saite http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_curves/00020052/index.php v on-lainovom rezhime vykladyvayutsya krivye bleska gamma-vspleskov, zaregistrirovannyh na sputnike Swift. Ochen' udobnyi servis.

V stat'e opisany nekotorye sushestvennye tehnicheskie detali, pozvolyayushie dobit'sya raboty takogo resursa.


Vypusk 152. 10-19 marta 2007

astro-ph/0703192 GRB 060505: vozmozhno korotkii gamma-vsplesk v oblasti zvezdoobrazovaniya na krasnom smeshenii 0.09 (GRB 060505: A possible short-duration gamma-ray burst in a star forming region at redshift of 0.09)
Authors: E. O. Ofek, et al.
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures, ApJ submitted

Vsplesk 5 maya 1006 goda imel dlitel'nost' okolo 4 sekund. Formal'no, eto vyshe 2-sekundnogo predela, kotoryi, tradicionno ispol'zuetsya dlya razdeleniya dlinnyh i korotkih vspleskov.

Avtory proveli nablyudeniya vspleska i ego poslesvecheniya v raznyh diapazonah. Rezul'taty okazalis' ves'ma interesnymi. Vsplesk blizkii, krasnoe smeshenie 0.0894. Vsplesk slabyi (esli schitat' energovydelenie sfericheski simmetrichnym, to bylo vysvecheno okolo 1049 erg). Poyavilsya on v oblasti zvezdoobrazovaniya. T.o., praroditelyu vspleska bylo menee 10 millionov let. Vsplesk ne soprovozhdalsya sverhnovoi (eto pokazali detal'nye nablyudeniya v optike). Vse eto ne slishkom tipichno dlya dlinnyh vspleskov.

Avtory obsuzhdayut dve vozmozhnosti razreshit' protivorechie. Vo-pervyh, eto mozhet byt' korotkii vsplesk. T.e., po suti svoei, po fizike, on dolzhen byt' otnesen k korotkim. 4 sekundy eto ne tak daleko ot formal'nogo predela, a raspredeleniya dlinnyh i korotkih vspleskov po prodolzhitel'nosti sovershenno tochno dolzhny perekryvat'sya. Pravda, esli eto standartnyi korotkii vsplesk, to nado ob'yasnyat', kak on uspel poyavit'sya vsego lish' cherez 10 millionov let posle rozhdeniya praroditelya. Seichas naibolee populyarnoi gipotezoi o mehanizme korotkih vspleskov yavlyaetsya sliyanie dvuh kompaktnyh ob'ektov (dvuh neitronnyh zvezd ili neitronnoi zvezdy i chernoi dyry). Sliyanie vsego lish' cherez 10 millionov let posle rozhdeniya zvezd - eto na predele vozmozhnogo.

Vo-vtoryh, polagayut avtory, my mozhem imet' delo s podklassom dlinnyh vspleskov. Prichem, poskol'ku eto slaboe sobytie, to temp takih vspleskov dolzhen byt' dostatochno vysok, v tri raza vyshe tempa "obychnyh" dlinnyh vspleskov. Eto ob'yasnenie, t.o., takzhe stavit problemy.

T.o., novye dannye po gamma-vspleskam prodolzhayut podkidyvat' novye zagadki.


Vypusk 148. 13-31 yanvarya 2007

obzor astro-ph/0701520 Gamma-vspleski v epohu Sfiwt (Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era)
Authors: Bing Zhang
Comments: Invited review for Chinese Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 60 pages, to appear in 2007, ChJAA, 7, 1-50

Daetsya podrobnyi obzor poslednih rezul'tatov po gamma-vspleskam s uporom na dannye sputnika Swift.


obzor astro-ph/0701748 Korotkie zhestkie gamma-vspleski (Short-Hard Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: Ehud Nakar
Comments: A review, 125 pages, 12 figures. Physics Reports - Bethe Centennial Volume, in press

Bol'shoi podrobnyi obzor po korotkim gamma-vspleskam.

Poslednie dannye (ya neodnokratno pisal ob etom v obzorah) vozrodili interes k etomu klassu gamma-vspleskov. Avtor obsuzhdaet ih otlichiya ot dlinnyh gamma-vspleskov, a takzhe vozmozhnye intrepretacii.

Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0701748, posvyashennuyu praroditelyam korotkih gamma-vspleskov.


Vypusk 147. 22 dekabrya 2006-12 yanvarya 2007

astro-ph/0612614 Astrofizika: vsplesk novyh idei (Astrophysics: A burst of new ideas)
Authors: Bing Zhang
Comments: 7 pages, published in Nature News & Views, Vol 444, 1010-1011

Ya starayus' ne propuskat' v obzorah vazhnye novosti po gamma-vspleskam, poetomu, v principe, soderzhanie stat'i ne stanet dlya chitatelya otkrytiem. Odnako Zhang ochen' izyashno opisal sut' poslednih vazhnyh rezul'tatov. Poetomu, vsyacheski rekomenduyu. Chtenie dostatochno legkoe i interesnoe.


Vypusk 145. 11-30 noyabrya 2006

obzor astro-ph/0611774 Poslesvecheniya gamma-vspleskov (Gamma-ray burst afteglows)
Authors: Bing Zhang
Comments: 18 pages, solicitated contribution to COSPAR 2006 (Beijing), submitted to Advances in Space Research

Blagodarya rabote sputnika Swift udalos' zaregistrirovat' poslesvecheniya ot mnogih gamma-vspleskov. Avtor daet obzor sostoyaniya del, i uglublyaetsya v vopros o tom, chto nam eto daet v smysle ponimaniya prirody "central'noi mashiny" vspleska.


Vypusk 144. 01-10 noyabrya 2006

astro-ph/0611128 Novaya populyaciya korotkih gamma-vspleskov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (A New Population of High Redshift Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: E. Berger et al.
Comments: 16 pages, Submitted to ApJ; 6 figures, 1 table; comments are welcome

Predstavleny dannye opticheskih nablyudenii semi korotkih gamma-vspleskov. Dlya nekotoryh iz nih udalos' uvidet' opticheskie poslesvecheniya i obnaruzhit' materinskie galaktiki. Po vsei vidimosti, galaktiki eti nahodyatsya na krasnom smeshenii poryadka 1 ili dazhe bol'she. Eti dannye pozvolyayut avtoram sdelat' ryad vazhnyh ocenok i zaklyuchenii. Samoe sushestvennoe sostoit v tom, chto polnoe energovydelenie v etih vspleskah (v predpolozhenii izotropii) sushestvenno prevoshodit energiyu, vydelyaemuyu pri korotkih vspleskah na malyh krasnyh smesheniyah. Eto pozvolyaet govorit' o vozmozhnom vydelenii novoi populyacii korotkih gamma-vspleskov.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 143. 18-31 oktyabrya 2006

astro-ph/0610635 Swift registriruet primechatel'nyi gamma-vsplesk GRB 060614, chto privodit k novoi klassifikacionnoi sheme (Swift detects a remarkable gamma-ray burst, GRB 060614, that introduces a new classification scheme)
Authors: N. Gehrels, et al.
Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted in Nature

Na samom dele, ya uzhe rasskazyval ob etom vspleske v avguste. On v samom dele primechatelen i ne ukladyvaetsya v standartnuyu kartinu klassifikacii s korotkimi i dlinnymi vspleskami. Eto dlinnyi vsplesk, po mnogim parametram, pohozhii na korotkie. Stat'ya v osnovnom nablyudatel'naya, tem i cenna.

Komanda Swift otmetilas' na dnyah eshe odnoi stat'ei (astro-ph/0610570), posvyashennoi interesnomu vsplesku. Eto samyi dalekii, iz zaregistrirovannyh na segodnyashnii den'. Pol'zuyas' sluchaem, hochu obratit' vnimanie chitatelya na temu, posvyashennuyu "samym-samym" na Astroforume


Vypusk 140. 01-15 sentyabrya 2006

obzor astro-ph/0609142 Svyaz' mezhdu sverhnovymi i gamma-vspleskami (The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection)
Authors: S. E. Woosley, J. S. Bloom
Comments: Published in the Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Sept 2006). 54 pages, 11 figures (this is the pre-copyedited version, submitted 22 Feb 2006; published online as a Review in Advance on 16 June 2006)

V sovremennoi nauke o gamma-vspleskah dostatochno standartnoi yavlyaetsya gipoteza o svyazi gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi. Gipoteza eta imeet nekotoruyu nablyudatel'nuyu podderzhku, odnako est' u nee i trudnosti. Vo-pervyh, yasno, chto ne vse gamma-vspleski (i dazhe ne vse dlinnye) svyazany so sverhnovymi. Vo-vtoryh, neponyatno, verno li my otozhdestvlyaem nablyudaemye v optike fenomeny kak "sverhnovye". Podrobnee obo vsem eto mozhno prochest' v obzore.


Vypusk 139. 01-31 avgusta 2006

astro-ph/0608257 Gamma-vsplesk GRB060614 trebuet novyi mehanizm vzryva (The gamma-ray burst GRB060614 requires a novel explosive process)
Authors: A. Gal-Yam et al.
Comments: 13 pages

V iyune etogo goda sputnik SWIFT zaregistriroval dlinnyi gamma-vsplesk. Standartnaya model' uchit nas, chto takie sobytiya svyazany s konechnoi stadiei evolyucii ochen' massivnyh zvezd. Dlya mnogih sobytii obnaruzheny soputstvuyushie opticheskie tranzienty, ochen' pohozhie na vspyshki sverhnovyh. Odnako ... V sluchae GRB060614, kotoryi (chto vazhno) nahoditsya dostatochno blizko, na krasnom smeshenii z=0.125 , opticheskii tranzient ischez vsego za dve nedeli. Dazhe Kosmicheskii teleskop ne smog nichego razglyadet'. T.e., nikakoi sverhnovoi!

Izobrazheniya vspyshki v opticheskom diapazone mozhno posmotret' zdes'. Vidno, chto v konce iyunya ob'ekt nablyudalsya, a k seredine iyulya ischez.

Avtory polagayut, chto standartnaya kartina stalkivaetsya zdes' s ser'eznymi trudnostyami, a potomu govoritsya o neobhodimosti novogo mehanizma vzryva.

Poyavilas' i vtoraya stat'ya na tu zhe temu: astro-ph/0608313, i tut zhe i tret'ya: astro-ph/0608322. Otmechu eshe i rabotu, posvyashennuyu vozmozhnomu mehanizmu: astro-ph/0608316. V nei avtory rassmatrivayut vozmozhnost' obrazovaniya tora pri vtorom vzryve v dvoinoi sisteme. Pervaya (bolee massivnaya) zvezda uzhe proevolyucionirovala i dala neitronnuyu zvezdu. Esli sistema dostatochno kompaktna, to proizoidet raskrutka yadra vtoroi zvezdy za schet prilivnyh sil. Togda, pokazyvayut avtory, posle vzryva vtoroi zvezdy vokrug novoobrazovavsheisya neitronnoi zvezdy mozhet vozniknut' tor. Po ih raschetam vsplesk kak raz poluchaetsya ne ochen' moshnym i ne soprovozhdaetsya obychnoi sverhnovoi, no pri etom mozhet byt' dostatochno dlinnym.


astro-ph/0608678 Mozhet li GRB 060614 sluchaino proecirovat'sya na galaktiku? (Could GRB 060614 and its presumed host galaxy be a chance superposition?)
Authors: B. E. Cobb et al.
Comments: Sumbitted to ApJ Letters

Vyshe ya pisal o vspleske GRB 060614, kotoryi postavil teoretikov v tupik. Odnako avtory rassmatrivaemoi stat'i ne isklyuchayut trivial'nogo vyhoda iz sozdavsheisya situacii: vozmozhno, nikakoi problemy net. Izvestno uzhe pochti dve sotni vspleskov, zaregistrirovannyh SWIFT'om. Veroyatnost' togo, chto GRB 060614 sluchaino proeciruetsya na galaktiku, kotoruyu poschitali ego hozyaiskoi galaktikoi, ravna primerno dvum procentam. T.o., polagayut avtory, veroyatnost' sluchainogo sovpadeniya odnogo iz pochti 200 vspleskov s galaktikoi velika.


Vypusk 136. 01 iyunya - 15 iyunya 2006

astro-ph/0606004 Yarkaya opticheskaya vspyshka GRB 060117 (The bright optical flash from GRB 060117)
Authors: Martin Jelnek et al.
Comments: Accepted to A&A, 4 pages

Okazyvaetsya observatoriya imeni P'era Ozhe, prednaznachennaya dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih luchei, mozhet davat' interesnye pobochnye rezul'taty (voobshe, eto yavlyaetsya svoistvom kazhdogo horoshego krupnogo proekta). S pomosh'yu shirokougol'noi avtomaticheskoi kamery obnaruzheno opticheskoe izluchenie odnogo iz gamma-vspleskov. Na korotkoe vremya blesk dostig 10-i zvezdnoi velichiny.

Cushestvenno, chto bolee pozdnie nablyudeniya dannogo istochnika v optike dali lish' verhnie predely. Eto govorit ob ochen' bystrom spadanii bleska. Prichiny takogo povedeniya vspleska poka ne yasny, no avtory privodyat nekotorye rassuzhdeniya na etu temu.


Vypusk 135. 22 aprelya - 31 maya 2006

astro-ph/0604562 Korotkie gamma-vspleski ot sliyaniya dvoinyh neitronnyh zvezd (Short Gamma-Ray Bursts from Binary Neutron Star Mergers)
Authors: Roland Oechslin, Thomas Janka
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Albert Einstein Century International Conference, Paris, France, 2005, edited by Jean-Michel Alimi and Andre Fuzfa

Modelirovat' sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd voobshe slozhno. Esli zhe v dobavok interesuet, kak vse eto budet svetit' v gamma-diapazone, to zadacha stanovitsya eshe slozhnee. Na moi vzglyad, poka programmy nedostatochno sovershenny, chtoby davat' chetkie detal'nye odnoznachnye otvety, no progress nalico.


astro-ph/0604580 Moshnyi oreol dalekogo zvezdnogo vzryva (An Energetic Afterglow From A Distant Stellar Explosion)
Authors: D. A. Frail et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ(Letters)

Obnaruzheno poslesvechenie v radiodiapazone ot gamma-vspleska GRB 050904, vspyhnuvshego na krasnom smeshenii z=6.3.


obzor astro-ph/0605208 Gamma-vspleski (Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: P. Meszaros
Comments: To appear in Reports on Progress in Physics, 74 pages, 11 figures, uses iopart.cls macros; updated references

Bol'shoi obzor po gamma-vspleskam. Nablyudenii vse bol'she, v kosmologicheskoi prirode nikto ne somnevaetsya, a vot yasnosti s "central'noi mashinoi" vse net.


astro-ph/0605427 Polnyi spektral'nyi katalog yarkih gamma-vspleskov BATSE (The Complete BATSE Spectral Catalog of Bright Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: Yuki Kaneko et al.
Comments: 90 pages including 38 figures and 15 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement. Two machine-readable tables are included in the source files. The actual spectral catalog will soon be available through HEASARC Browse

BATSE potop, no delo ego zhivet!

Prodolzhaetsya rabota s dannymi BATSE po gamma-vspleskam. Priyatno, chto rebyata prodolzhayut rabotat', prichem vykladyvayut dannye v otkrytyi dostup v udobnom dlya pol'zovatelei vide.


Vypusk 134. 12-21 aprelya 2006

astro-ph/0604389 Relyativistskii vybros v XRF 060218 i polnaya perepis' kosmicheskih vzryv (Relativistic ejecta from XRF 060218 and the complete census of cosmic explosions)
Authors: A. M. Soderberg et al.
Comments: Submitted to Nature (13 pages, 3 figures)

Kak izvestno, krome korotkih i dlinnyh gamma-vspleskov est' eshe i t.n. rentgenovskie vspyshka (X-ray flashes - XRF). Aktivno obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnaya svyaz' vseh etih vzryvov so sverhnovymi i drug s drugom. Zamechu, chto i sverhnovye byvayut raznye (osobenno, esli rech' idet prosto o sobytiyah, klassificirovannyh kak sverhnovye).

V eto stat'e avtory predstavlyayut analiz dannyh nablyudenii odnoi iz blizhaishih vspyshek - XRF 060218 (ona takzhe sovpadaet so sverhnovoi 2006aj). Nalichie, krome rentgenovskih, radionablyudenii pozvolyaet opredelit' polnuyu energiyu vspyshki.

Analiz pozvolyaet avtoram utverzhdat', chto buduchi v 100 raz menee energichinymi, v sravnenii s tipichnymi dlinnymi gamma-vspleskami, takie vspyshki proishodyat v 10 raz chashe. Ot sverhnovyh tipa Ibc takie vspyshki otlichayutsya nalichiem ne ochen' moshnogo (opyat' zhe, v sravnenii s gamma-vspleskami) relyativistskogo vybrosa.

V itoge avory polagayut, chto
1. Gamma-vspleski i rentgenovskie vspyshki otlichayutsya ot sverhnovyh nalichiem relyativistskogo vybrosa.
2. Rentgenovskie vspyshki otlichayutsya ot gamma-vspleskov "central'noi mashinoi", zapuskayushei vybros.


Vypusk 133. 01-11 aprelya 2006

miniobzor astro-ph/0604110 Svyaz' mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i sverhnovymi: nablyudeniyai voprosy (Supernova and GRB connection: Observations and Questions)
Authors: Massimo Della Valle
Comments: Invited review talk to appear in proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", eds. S. Holt, N. Gehrels and J. Nousek; 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Kak izvestno, seichas dostatochno populyarna ideya svyazi gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi. Zdes', odnako, est' mnogo nereshennyh voprosov. Gamma-vspleski associiruyutsya s ochen' raznymi opticheskimi tranzientami. S drugoi storony, detal'nye issledovaniya v radiodiapazone 74 sverhnovyh tipa Ib/c (s kotorymi v osnovnom i svyazyvayut gamma-vspleski) ne pokazali nalichiya izlucheniya, kotoroe dolzhno bylo by voznikat', esli eti sverhnovye soprovozhdayutsya fenomenom gamma-vspleska (sam vsplesk mog byt' nevidim dlya nas, esli relyativistskaya struya ne napravlena v nashu storonu). Tak chto voprosov mnogo, no mnogo i nablyudatel'nyh dannyh.

Vsya eta yarkaya i ne ochen' ponyatnaya kartina summirovana v obzore. Na moi vzglyad, stat'ya sozdaet chut' bolee optimistichnuyu kartinu svyazi dvuh yavlenii, chem sledovalo by. Vse-taki poka voprosy dominiruyut...

Eshe odin vazhnyi obzor na etu zhe temu astro-ph/0604131.


astro-ph/0604113 Zashishaya zhizn' v Mlechnom puti: metally uderzhivayut gamma-vspleski na rasstoyanii (Protecting Life in the Milky Way: Metals Keep the GRBs Away)
Authors: K. Z. Stanek et al.
Comments: ApJ, submitted, 14 pages, 3 figures

Ya pomnyu, chto v seredine 80-h u nas v shkole taki probili razreshenie krutit' vo vremya peremen po shkol'nomu radio gruppu "Ariya". Probit' udalos' pod prikrytie bor'by za mir. Tak vot, metall prodolzhaet zashishat' zhizn' na Zemle! "Volya i razum!" :)

V principe, uzhe prakticheski vse, rabotayushie v oblasti astrofiziki gamma-vspleskov, ponimayut, chto eti vzryvy proishodyat preimushestvenno tam, gde nizko soderzhanie "metallov" (napomnyu, chto v astronomii tak nazyvayut vse elementy tyazhelee geliya, t.k. ih nel'zya bylo v zametnom kolichestve proizvesti na pervyh stadiyah evolyucii vselennoi, t.e. vo vremya previchnogo nukleosinteza). Odnako ponimanie - eto odno, a detal'naya prorabotka voprosa - sovsem drugoe.

Avtory predstavlyayut ser'eznye kolichestvennye argumenty v pol'zu togo, chto gamma-vspleski (rech' idet v pervuyu ochered' o teh, chto proizoshli na dostatochno nebol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah) chetko otslezhivayut oblasti aktivnogo zvezdoobrazovaniya, v kotoryh soderzhanie "metallov" neveliko, t.e. sushestvenno men'she solnechnogo.

Nazvanie stat'i svyazano s tem, chto poskol'ku v Mlechnom puti (t.e. v nashei Galaktike) s metallichnost'yu vse v poryadke, to u nas ono rvanut' i ne dolzhno. Bolee togo, zhizn' (kak my ee ponimaem) bolee veroyatna tam, gde metallov uzhe dovol'no mnogo (t.e. kak u nas). A znachit, gamma-vspleski zhizni ne strashny.

Dobavlyu, chto u nas blizhaishaya krupnaya oblast' zvezdoobrazovaniya s maloi metallichnost'yu - eto Maloe magellanovo oblako. Tak chto, esli rvanet, to tam. Zhivite spokoino. Tochnee, u nas i bez ugrozy iz kosmosa na Zemle problem hvataet.


astro-ph/0604153 Kollimirovanny li korotkie gamma-vspleski? GRB050709 - vspyshka, no bez zavala (Are short gamma-ray bursts collimated? GRB050709, a flare but no break)
Authors: D. Watson et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to A&A Letters

Kak izvestno, gamma-vspleski delyatsya na dlinnye i korotkie. Po vsei vidimosti, oni svyazany s raznymi ob'ektami, i fizika tam neskol'ko raznaya. Dlinnye - so smert'yu massivnyh zvezd, a korotkie - so sliyaniyami dvoinyh kompaktnyh ob'ektov. Vot novyi argument.

Izuchenie oreolov (poslesvechenii) korotkih gamma-vspleskov uzhe navodilo uchenyh na mysli o tom, chto izluchenie tam ploho kollimirovanno. T.e. net uzkoi strui (dzheta), kak u dlinnyh vspleskov. Byl, odnako, odin primer - GRB050709 - kotoryi mozhno bylo tolkovat' kak korotkii vsplesk s kollimaciei. Avtory dannoi stat'i pokazyvayut, chto dazhe eto primer mozhno ob'yasnit' bez kollimacii.


Vypusk 132. 22-31 marta 2006

astro-ph/0603689 Nablyudeniya na KTH i Spitcere galaktiki gamma-vspleska 050904: bogataya metallami galaktika s moshnym zvezdoobrazovaniem na z=6.295 (HST and Spitzer Observations of the Host Galaxy of GRB 050904: A Metal-Enriched, Dusty Starburst at z=6.295)
Authors: E. Berger et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ; 11 pages, 5 figures

Provedeny detal'nye nablyudeniya t.n. hozyaiskoi (host) galaktiki vspleska GRB 050904. Pokazano, chto eto v samom dele galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 6.3. Galaktika uzhe sushestvenno obogashena metallami. Temp zvezdoobrazovaniya dostatochno vysok i sostavlyaet primerno 15 mass solnca v god.


astro-ph/0603845 Sozdanie ul'trasil'nyh magnitnyh polei pri sliyanii neitronnyh zvezd (Producing ultra-strong magnetic fields in neutron star mergers)
Authors: Daniel Price, Stephan Rosswog
Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Science.

Pokazano, chto v rezul'tate sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd iz-za razvitiya neustoichivosti Kel'vina-Gel'mgol'ca mogut voznikat' ochen' sil'nye magnitnye polya. Oni mogut prevoshodit' polya magnitarov, s kotorymi svyazyvayut povtoryayushiesya myagkie gamma-vspleski. Avtory polagayut, chto obnaruzhennaya osobennost' mozhet pozvolit' ob'yasnit' korotkie gamma-vspleski.

(Napomnyu, chto v proshlom godu byli polucheny sushestvenneishie nablyudatel'nye argumenty v pol'zu togo, chto korotkie gamma-vspleski svyazany so sliyaniyami kompaktnyh ob'ektov.)


Vypusk 127. 01-12 fevralya 2006

miniobzor astro-ph/0602004 Oreoly i galaktiki korotkih gamma-vspleskov (The Afterglows and Host Galaxies of Short GRBs: An Overview)
Authors: E. Berger
Comments: Invited talk to appear in proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", eds. S. Holt, N. Gehrels and J. Nousek; 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table

Kak ya uzhe ne raz govoril, na moi vzglyad, odno iz samyh glavnyh otkrytii proshlogo goda - otkrytie oreolov (poslesvechenii) korotkih gamma-vspleskov. Eto pozvolilo opredelit' v kakih galaktikah oni proishodyat. Sootvetstvenno, seichas my uzhe pochti uvereny, chto korotkie gamma-vspleski - eto rezul'tat sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd (sm. prekrasnuyu svezhaishuyu stat'yu Maksima Borisova na Granyah.Ru).

V dannoi stat'e summirovano nashe sovremennoe znanie i ponimanie ob oreolah korotkih gamma-vspleskov i o tom, kak i gde oni voznikayut.


Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

astro-ph/0601436 Chuvstvitel'nost' detektorov k vspleskam: proshloe, nastoyashee i budushee (Burst Detector Sensitivity: Past, Present & Future)
Authors: David L. Band
Comments: To appear in the proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", Washington DC., November 29-December 2, 2005, 4 pages, 3 figures

Obsuzhdaetsya chuvstvitel'nost' razlichnyh detektorov gamma-vspleskov. K sozhaleniyu, dlya korotkih zhestkih vspleskov (dlya menya lichno eto interesno v svyazi s perspektivoi obnaruzheniya vnegalakticheskih gigantskih vspleskov MPG) nichego horoshego net: BATSE byl samym chuvstvitel'nym. A vot dlya dlinnyh myagkih vspleskov Swift namnogo luchshe.


Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

astro-ph/0601436 Chuvstvitel'nost' detektorov k vspleskam: proshloe, nastoyashee i budushee (Burst Detector Sensitivity: Past, Present & Future)
Authors: David L. Band
Comments: To appear in the proceedings of the 16th Annual October Astrophysics Conference in Maryland, "Gamma Ray Bursts in the Swift Era", Washington DC., November 29-December 2, 2005, 4 pages, 3 figures

Obsuzhdaetsya chuvstvitel'nost' razlichnyh detektorov gamma-vspleskov. K sozhaleniyu, dlya korotkih zhestkih vspleskov (dlya menya lichno eto interesno v svyazi s perspektivoi obnaruzheniya vnegalakticheskih gigantskih vspleskov MPG) nichego horoshego net: BATSE byl samym chuvstvitel'nym. A vot dlya dlinnyh myagkih vspleskov Swift namnogo luchshe.


Vypusk 123. 24-31 dekabrya 2005

astro-ph/0512615 Gigantskaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka GRB 050502B: ukazaniya na pozdnyuyu aktivnost' central'noi mashiny (The Giant X-ray Flare of GRB 050502B: Evidence for Late-Time Internal Engine Activity)
Authors: A. D. Falcone et al.
Comments: accepted for publication in ApJ

Spustya 12 minut posle osnovnogo gamma-vspleska byla zaregistrirovana sil'neishaya rentgenovskaya vspyshka. Eto ne poslesvechenie, eto imenno rentgenovskii vsplesk, prichem samyi moshnyi iz vseh nablyudavshihsya (izredka takie sobytiya uzhe nablyudalis'). Priroda yavleniya do konca neyasna, no avtory vyskazyvayut koe-kakie gipotezy.


Vypusk 122. 11-23 dekabrya 2005

obzor astro-ph/0512342 Elektromagnitnaya model' gamma-vspleskov (The electromagnetic model of Gamma Ray Bursts)
Authors: Maxim Lyutikov
Comments: solicited contribution to Focus Issue of New Journal of Physics, 27 pages, 4 figures

Opisyvaetsya odna iz vozmozhnyh modelei "central'noi mashiny" gamma-vspleska. Ideya sostoit v tom, chto energiya vrasheniya central'noi sistemy (naprimer, chernaya dyra + tor vokrug nee) preobrazuetsya v energiyu magnitnogo polya za schet dinamo-mehanizma, a zatem uzhe generiruetsya gamma-vsplesk. Model' pozvolyaet opisat' mnogie nablyudaemye svoistva, odnako, ponyatnoe delo, okonchatel'noi yasnosti v etom voprose poka net.


Vypusk 121. 01-10 dekabrya 2005

astro-ph/0512013 Biologicheskie effekty gamma-vspleskov: kriticheskie rasstoyaniya dlya naneseniya vreda biosfere (Biological Effects of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Critical distances for severe damage on the biota)
Authors: Douglas Galante, Jorge Ernesto Horvath
Comments: 27 pages, 3 figure, submitted to Astrobiology

Rassmotreny biologicheskie (otricatel'nye, razumeetsya) effekty kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov. Pokazano, chto dazhe s rasstoyaniya poryadka 100 kpk takie sobytiya opasny dlya zhizni na Zemle. A vot gigantskie vspleski istochnikov myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskom mogut nanesti usherb tol'ko, esli rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i istochnikom sostavit 100 pk ili menee. Tak chto mozhno zhit' spokoino.


Vypusk 120. 12-30 noyabrya 2005

astro-ph/0511579 Proishozhdenie korotkih gamma-vspleskov, nesvyazannyh s tekushim zvezdoobrazovaniem (An origin for short g-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation)
Authors: S. D. Barthelmy et al.
Comments: 11 pages of taxt plus figures (all in 1 file). Nature Letters (accepted; publish Dec 19, 2005)

V principe, eto lish' ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya tomu, chto noveishie dannye po korotkim gamma-vspleskam pozvolyayut svyazat' ih so sliyaniyami neitronnyh zvezd (ili neitronnoi zvezdy i chernoi dyry). Otmechu lish', chto fakt poyavleniya stat'i v Nature chetko ukazyvaet na to, chto kolichestvo (i kachestvo) argumentov perevalilo za nekotoroe kriticheskoe znachenie. Tak chto teper' eto standartnaya gipoteza o proishozhdenii korotkim vspleskov.


Vypusk 117. 01-17 oktyabrya 2005

astro-ph/0510018 Gamma vspleski i perehod k kvarkovoi materii v kvarkovyh zvezdah (Gamma Ray Bursts and the transition to Quark Matter in Compact Stars)
Authors: A. Drago et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings QM2005, August 2005 Budapest

Odnoi iz modelei gamma-vspleska yavlyaetsya perehod veshestva neitronnoi zvezdy v kvarkovoe sostoyanie. T.k., soglasno gipoteze Bodmera-Vittena imenno kvarkovoe veshestvo yavlyaetsya energeticheski bolee vygodnym, to pri takom perehode budet za korotkoe vremya vydelena gigantskaya energiya. Avtory obsuzhdayut osnovnye svoistva takoi modeli i sravnivayut ee s nablyudeniyami.


astro-ph/0510022 Materinskie galaktiki i okruzhenie korotkih gamma-vspleskov (The Galaxy Hosts and Large-Scale Environments of Short-Hard $\gamma$-ray Bursts)
Authors: J. X. Prochaska et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to ApJL

Rassmotreny materinskie galaktiki chetyreh korotkih gamma-vspleskov. Tri iz nih - eto starye massivnye galaktiki s ochen' nizkim sovremennym tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya (vse galaktiki nahodyatsya na nebol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah). Chetvertaya - eto karlikovaya galaktika s zametnym zvezdoobrazovaniem.

Avtory zaklyuchayut, chto podobno sverhnovym tipa Ia korotkie gamma-vspleski mogut poyavlyat'sya v galaktikah raznyh tipov.


astro-ph/0510058 Gamma-vspleski, svyazannye so sverhnovymi: sistematicheskii analiz kandidatov BATSE (Gamma--Ray Bursts associated with Supernovae: A systematic analysis of BATSE GRB candidates)
Authors: Z. Bosnjak et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table - accepted for publication in A&A

Vo vremena raboty sputnika CGRO s priborami eksperimenta BATSE vozmozhnaya associaciya gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi obsuzhdalas' ne stol' aktivno kak seichas. K tomu zhe plohoe uglovoe razreshenie BATSE ne davalo vozmozhnosti delat' skol'-nibud' horoshie otozhdestvleniya vspleskov. Tem ne menee ital'yanskie avtory reshili provesti korrelyaciyu dannyh BATSE s katalogami sverhnovyh.

Ukazhem na dva interesnyh vyvoda raboty. Pervyi sostoit v tom, chto gamma-vspleski, kotorye vozmozhno svyazany so sverhnovymi, imeyut (v 80 procentov sluchaev) prostuyu odnopikovuyu strukturu. Vtoroi -- v tom, chto eti vspleski okazyvayutsya bolee myagkimi.

Avtory ukazyvayut, chto dolya sverhnovyh tipa Ibc v poluchennoi vyborke okazalas' v 4 raza vyshe, chem v ishodnom nabore sverhnovyh. Eto ukazyvaet, po ih mneniyu, na to, chto eti sverhnovye i vpryam' mogut byt' svyazany s gamma-vspleskami.


astro-ph/0510190 Otkrytie korotkogo gamma-vspleska GRB 050709 (Discovery of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709)
Authors: J. S. Villasenor et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Nature

Opisyvaetsya otkrytie korotkogo gamma-vspleska, dlya kotorogo vpervye udalos' poluchit' dannye i v optike. Fakticheski, imenno s etoi raboty nachinaetsya novaya stranica v issledovanii korotkih gamma-vspleskov.


astro-ph/0510309 Izuchenie ochen' korotkih gamma-vspleskov: novye rezul'taty s BATSE i KONUS (Study of Very Short GRB: New Results from BATSE and KONUS)
Authors: D.B. Cline, B. Czerny, C. Matthey, A. Janiuk, S. Otwinowski
Comments: accepted for ApJ Letters

Avtory prodolzhayut svoi issledovaniya ochen' korotkih gamma-vspleskov. Rech' idet o vspleskah dlitel'nost'yu menee 0.1 sekundy. ispol'zovany dannye BATSE i KONUS.

Avtory nastaivayut na tom, chto eto osobyi (tretii) klass vspleskov. Krome dlitel'nosti on vydelyaetsya zhestkost'yu spektra (vidyat fotony do neskol'kih MeV) i raspredeleniem. Poslednee neizotropno s yavnym izbytkom vspleskov v napravlenii na anticentr Galaktiki. Kakie galakticheskie ob'ekty mogut davat' takie vspyshki - neizvestno. Avtory spekuliruyut ob isparenii chernyh dyr. Neyasno, pravda, pochemu dyry skoncentrirovany v napravlenii na anticentr.


astro-ph/0510381 Registraciya ochen' yarkoi opticheskoi vspyshki ot gamma-vspleska na krasnom smeshenii 6.29 (Detection of a very bright optical flare from a gamma-ray burst at redshift 6.29)
Authors: Michel Boer et al.
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Nature, posted for scientific use only

25-santimetrovyi avtomaticheskii teleskop TAROT smog zafiksirovat' opticheskuyu vspyshku ot samogo dalekogo iz vseh otkrytyh na segodnyashnii den' gamma-vspleskov! Tranzient dostig v maksimume 9-i zvezdnoi velichiny.


Vypusk 116. 11 sentyabrya - 30 sentyabrya 2005

astro-ph/0509615 Ostatok gamma-vspleska v nashei Galaktike: HESS J1303-631 (A gamma-ray burst remnant in our Galaxy: HESS J1303-631)
Authors: A. Atoyan, J. Buckley, H. Krawczynski
Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures; submitted to Nature 12 August 2005

Napomnyu, chto H.E.S.S. - eto nazemnaya sistema, prednaznachennaya dlya registracii gamma-fotonov (tochnee, registriruyutsya ne sami fotony, a vspyshki, porozhdaemye imi v atmosfere Zemli). V stat'e rassmatrivaetsya istochnik HESS J1303-631. On nahoditsya v ploskosti Galaktiki, i prakticheski ne izluchaet v drugih (krome gamma) diapazonah.

Avtory polagayut, chto HESS J1303-631 yavlyaetsya ostatkom vspyshki gipernovoi, kotoraya soprovozhdalas' gamma-vspleskom. Osnovaniem v pervuyu ochered' yavlyaetsya ocenka energii vzryva, porodivshego nablyudaemyi ostatok. Krome togo, avtory nahodyat ukazanie na vytyanutost' istochnika, chto mozhet svidetel'stvovat' o sushestvovanii dzhetov. Pravy oni ili net dolzhny pokazat' bolee detal'nye issledovaniya.


astro-ph/0509697 GRB 050904: gamma-vsplesk na ochen' bol'shom krasnom smeshenii (GRB 050904: A very high redshift gamma ray burst)
Authors: P.A. Price et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ Letters
astro-ph/0509737 Registraciya moshnogo vzryva v rannei vselennoi (Detection of a huge explosion in the early Universe)
Authors: G. Cusumano et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 1 table, 3 figures. Note: this paper has been submitted for publication in Nature, It is embargoed for discussion in the popular press
astro-ph/0509766 (GRB 050904 na krasnom smeshenii 6.3: nablyudeniya samogo starogo vzryva posle Bol'shogo (GRB 050904 at redshift 6.3: observations of the oldest cosmic explosion after the Big Bang)
Authors: G. Tagliaferri et al.
Comments: 2 figures, 5 pages, Submitted to A&A. Full author list in the paper

Srazu tri stat'i posvyasheny nablyudeniyam odnogo sobytiya, i ne zrya! Eto samyi dalekii gamma-vsplesk, iz obnaruzhennyh na segodnyashnii den'. Ego krasnoe smeshenie 6.3 !!!! Pri standartnyh kosmologicheskih parametrah eto smeshenie sootvetstvuet 13 milliardam let (t.e. Vselennoi bylo 700-750 millionov let ot rodu).


Vypusk 115. 30 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2005

astro-ph/0509108 Kommentarii ob izluchenii vysokoi energii ot vnegalakticheskih oblastei zvezdoobrazovaniya (Some comments on the high energy emission from regions of star formation beyond the galaxy)
Authors: Diego F. Torres, Eva Domingo-Santamaria
Comments: 17 pages, 6 figures. Solicited Brief Review prepared for Modern Physics Letters A

Sovremennye nazemnye gamma-teleskopy (H.E.S.S., MAGIC i dr), a takzhe budushie sputniki (GLAST) mogut zaregistrirovat' izluchenie, ishodyashee ot moshnyh oblastei zvezdoobrazovaniya. V svyazi s etim avtory dayut obzor mehanizmov vozniknoveniya izlucheniya i perechislyayut ob'ekty, registraciya gamma-luchei ot kotoryh vozmozhna. Sredi poslednih osobo stoit vydelit' blizkuyu galaktiku s vspyshkoi zvezdoobrazovaniya v central'noi oblasti - NGC 253 - i bolee dalekuyu, no i bolee moshnuyu vspyshku zvezdoobrazovaniya - galaktiku Arp 220.


Vypusk 114. 08-29 avgusta 2005

astro-ph/0508496 Kosmicheskie luchi vysokih energii ot blizkih gamma-vspleskov (High Energy Cosmic Rays from Local GRBs)
Authors: A. Atoyan, C. D. Dermer
Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of the Aspen2005 Workshop `Physics at the End of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum'' (Aspen, April 2005)

Avtory stroyat model', v kotoroi chast' kosmicheskih luchei (energii poryadka 1014-1018 eV) svyazana s nedavnim gamma-vspleskom v nashei Galaktike. Chtoby ob'yasnit' dannye nablyudenii trebuetsya vsplesk, proizoshedshii na rasstoyanii poryadka 1 kpk ot Solnca primerno million let nazad.


Vypusk 113. 01-08 avgusta 2005

astro-ph/0508023 Korrelyaciya mezhdu flyuensom i prodolzhitel'nost'yu gamma-vspleskov (A Gamma-Ray Bursts' Fluence-Duration Correlation)
Authors: Istvan Horvath et al.
Comments: 4 pages, In Gamma-Ray Burst in the Afterglow Era. Springer. ed by E. Costa, F. Frontera, and J. Hjorth

Napomnyu vnachale, chto flyuens - eto velichina, imeyushaya razmernost' energiya/ploshad'. T.e. ona pokazyvaet skol'ko energii prishlo ot vspleska za vse vremya vspyshki v raschete na edinicu ploshadi detektora. T.o. slabyi, no dlinnyi vsplesk mozhet dat' takoi zhe flyuens, kak moshnyi, no korotkii. Takzhe napomnyu, chto vspleski delyatsya na dlinnye (bolee 10 sekund) i korotkie (menee neskol'kih sekund).

Avtory obnaruzhili korrelyaciyu mezhdu flyuensom i prodolzhitel'nost'yu vspleska. Prichem korrelyaciya razlichna dlya dlinnyh i korotkih vspleskov. Po mneniyu avtorov eto dolzhno eshe raz ukazat' na razlichie mehanizmov generacii korotkih i dlinnyh vspleskov.


astro-ph/0508061 Izuchenie morfologii hozyaiskih galaktik gamma-vspleskov (A Morphological Study of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies)
Authors: C. Wainwright, E. Berger, B.E. Penprase
Comments: Submitted to ApJ; 7 figures; 2 tables

Privodyatsya dannye po issledovaniyam 42 galaktik, v kotoryh nablyudalis' gamma-vspleski. Dlya issledovaniya ispol'zovany dannye, poluchennye na Kosmicheskom teleskope im. Habbla v opticheskom diapazone. Okolo treti galaktik demonstriruyut sledy vzaimodeistviya so svoimi sosedyami. Eshe tret' imeet asimmetrichnyi vid, chto mozhet svidetel'stvovat' o nedavnih vzaimodeistviyah i poglosheniyah. Odnako ne vse galaktiki imeli kakie-to burnye incidenty v svoem nedavnem proshlom. Tri horosho izuchennye galaktiki yavlyayutsya kompaktnymi odinochnymi ob'ektami. T.e. nalico raznoobrazie svoistv hozyaiskih galaktik gamma-vspleskov, hotya dolya vzaimodeistvuyushih bezuslovno velika.


Vypusk 112. 22-31 iyulya 2005

katalog astro-ph/0507708 Katalog poslesvechenii gamma-vspleskov po dannym BeppoSAX (The BeppoSAX catalog of GRB X-ray afterglow observations)
Authors: M. De Pasquale et al.
Comments: 24 pages, 12 figures. Article submitted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Predstavlen katalog nablyudenii poslesvechenii 33 gamma-vspleskov, poluchennyh na sputnike BeppoSAX za vse vremya ego raboty.


Vypusk 111. 01-21 iyulya 2005

astro-ph/0507147 Pozdnie radionablyudeniya 74 sverhnovyh tipa Ibc: sil'nye ogranicheniya na vneosevye gamma-vspleski (Late-time Radio Observations of 74 Type Ibc Supernovae: Strong Constraints on Off-Axis Gamma-ray Bursts)
Authors: A. M. Soderberg, E. Nakar, S. R. Kulkarni
Comments: Submitted to ApJ (13 pages, 3 figures)

Predstavleny rezul'taty radionablyudenii 74 sverhnovyh tipa Ibc, kotorye, kak schitaetsya, mogut svyazany s gamma-vspleskami. Populyarnaya gipoteza glasit, chto dlinnye (dlinnee neskol'kih sekund) gamma-vspleski svyazany so sverhnovymi. Vzryvayushiesya zvezdy uzhe ne imeyut vodorodnyh obolochek. V rezul'tate kollapsa obrazuetsya chernaya dyra. Vokrug chernoi dyry formiruetsya toroobraznaya struktura. Bystrovrashayushiisya tor privodit k vozniknoveniyu gamma-vspleska. Vsplesk sil'no kollimirovan (t.e. izluchenie idet v uzkom konuse). Esli vse eto tak, to dazhe v sluchae, kogda dzhet napravlen ne na nas, mozhno ozhidat' registracii radioizlucheniya. Ni v odnom iz 74 issledovanyh sluchae takoe izluchenie ne bylo obnaruzheno. Eto pozvolyaet sdelat' ochen' sil'nye ogranicheniya na model'. V chastnosti, menee 1.4 procenta sverhnovyh dannogo tipa mogut byt' svyazany s gamma-vspleskami.

Esli zhe vydelit' t.n. "gipernovye" (ih vydelyayut po shirokim opticheskim absorbcionnym liniyam; sredi 74 issledovannyh sverhnovyh takih 6), to verhnii predel na dolyu gamma-vspleskov sredi nih sostavit 17 procentov. Znachit, esli gamma-vspleski v samom dele svyazany so sverhnovymi etogo tipa (a mnogie issledovateli osparivayut takuyu tochku zreniya), to nado kak-to ob'yasnyat', chto vydelyaet te, chto dayut gamma-vsplesk. Naprimer, eto mozhet byt' vrashenie (v modeli kollapsara nuzhen vysokii udel'nyi uglovoi moment, chtoby sozdat' bystrovrashayushiisya tor vokrug chernoi dyry). Togda nuzhno issledovat' kanaly evolyucii dvoinyh (sm., naprimer, astro-ph/0505406), kotorye privodyat k raskrutke praroditelei sverhnovyh.


astro-ph/0507343 Zvezdnaya evolyuciya s vrasheniem XIII: temp gamma-vspleskov na raznyh z (Stellar evolution with rotation XIII: Predicted GRB rates at various Z)
Authors: R. Hirschi, G. Meynet, A. Maeder
Comments: 16 pages, 14 figures, accepted by A&A

Kak uzhe ne raz rasskazyvalos' v Obzorah dlya rozhdeniya gamma-vspleska v standartnoi modeli neobhodimo, chtoby do obrazovaniya chernoi dyry yadro zvezdy dostatochno bystro vrashalos'. Raschety evolyucii zvezd s uchetom vrasheniya - trudnaya zadacha. V dannoi stat'e (13-i v serii) predstavleny raschety, pokazyvayushie, chto odinochnye zvezdy mogut imet' dostatochno bystrovrashayushiesya yadra (odnako, avtory prenebregayut po-krainei mere odnim vazhnym, no trudno uchityvaemym effektom). Sootvetstvenno, avtory pytayutsya rasschitat' temp gamma-vspleskov na raznyh krasnyh smesheniyah.


Vypusk 109. 01-14 iyunya 2005

miniobzor astro-ph/0506020 Obshie svoistva rentgenovskogo poslesvecheniya gamma-vspleskov (Global properties of X-ray afterglows of GRB)
Authors: Luigi Piro
Comments: 8 pages, 1 color figure. Accepted for publication in "il nuovo cimento". Proceeding of the 4th Rome GRB conference, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendre

Nebol'shoi obzor, summiruyushii nashi znaniya o rentgenovskom poslesvechenii (afterglow) gamma-vspleskov. Napomnyu, chto imenno obnaruzhenie takih poslesvechenii pozvolilo sushestvenno prodvinut'sya v ponimanii prirody etogo yavleniya posle pochti 30 let zharkih sporov.


Vypusk 108. 20-31 maya 2005

astro-ph/0505472 Gamma-vspleski i Zemlya: issledovanie atmosfernyh, biologicheskih, klimaticheskih i biohimicheskih effektov (Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Earth: Exploration of Atmospheric, Biological, Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects)
Authors: Brian C. Thomas et al.
Comments: 68 pages, 20 figures, 12 tables; Submitted to ApJ

Avtory detal'no rassmatrivayut razlichnye (v osnovnom negativnye) vliyaniya gamma-vspleskov na Zemlyu. Rech' idet, konechno, o blizkih vspleskah. Takie sobytiya chrezvychaino redki, oni sluchayutsya raz v sotni millionov let. Tem ne menee, vozmozhno, chto oni ostavili svoi sled v zemnoi istorii.


Vypusk 106. 01-10 maya 2005

astro-ph/0505007 O vozmozhnosti togo, chto pary neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr otvetstvenny za gamma-vspleski (On the viability of neutron star black hole binaries as central engines of gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: S. Rosswog
Comments: 8 pages, 2 Figures

Kak vy pomnite, gamma-vspleski delyatsya na korotkie (menee odnoi sekundy) i dlinnye (bolee 10 sekund) (sm. risunok po ssylke). Pervye ob'yasnyayutsya kak rezul'tat sliyaniya dvuh neitronnyh zvezd (i my nedavno rasskazyvali ob etom, eto byl kak raz obzor Stefana Rossvoga). Vtorye - akkreciei na chernuyu dyru posle vspyshki sverh(giper)novoi. Rezonno sprosit': a chto budet, esli slivaetsya neitronnaya zvezda i chernaya dyra? Ochevidno, chto neitronnaya zvezda budet razrushena, i vokrug chernoi dyry obrazuetsya disk. Situaciya kachestvenno pohozha na tu, chto schitaetsya prichinoi gamma-vspleska.

Stefan detal'no (naskol'ko eto seichas vozmozhno) issleduet sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr. Ego rezul'taty govoryat o tom, chto svoistva obrazuyushihsya diskov ne pozvolyayut govorit' o generacii gamma-vspleskov.

Drugaya stat'ya na tu zhe temu (no uzhe bez detal'nyh chislennyh raschetov) predstavlena Coleman Miller'om. On takzhe podtverzhdaet, chto sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr ne privodyat k poyavleniyu gamma-vspleska.


miniobzor astro-ph/0505156 Struinaya model' dlya rentgenovskih vspyshek (Jet Models of X-Ray Flashes)
Authors: D. Q. Lamb, T. Q. Donaghy, C. Graziani
Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Invited review talk at the 4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome,18-22 October 2004. Editors: L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, and B. Gendre. Il Nuovo Cimento, in press

My uzhe pisali o rabotah etih avtorov. Oni vhodyat v komandu HETE-2, a etot sputnik, krome obychnyh gamma-vspleskov, nablyudaet mnozhestvo t.n. rentgenovskih vspyshek (X-Ray Flashes). Eti vspyshki mogut byt' ne prosto "rodstvennikami" gamma-vspleskov, a pryamo-taki tem zhe samym yavleniem, no nablyudaemym nemnogo s drugoi tochki zreniya.

Avtory dayut kratkii obzor nablyudatel'nyh dannyh po vspyshkam, ochen' korotko obsuzhdayut sushestvuyushie teorii. Osnovnaya chast' stat'i posvyashena sravneniyu dvuh modelei dzhetov. Pokazano, chto nablyudeniya v principe mogut vydelit' nailuchshuyu model'.


Vypusk 105. 21-30 aprelya 2005

obzor astro-ph/0504517 Sverhnovye prolivayut svet na gamma-vspleski (Supernovae Shedding Light on Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: M. Della Valle
Comments: 20 pages, 13 figures, invited review at the 4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome,18-22 October 2004. Editors: L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, and B. Gendre. Il Nuovo Cimento

Obnaruzheno, chto nekotorye gamma-vspleski soprovozhdayutsya vspyshkami, pohozhimi na sverhnovye. Eti sverhnovye otlichayutsya ot bol'shinstva drugih, no pri etom sami ne sostavlyayut kakogo-to odnorodnogo klassa.

V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor nablyudatel'nogo materiala po svyazi kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi.


Vypusk 104. 11-20 aprelya 2005

katalog astro-ph/0504357 Pervyi katalog gamma-vspleskov INTEGRAL SPI-ACS (The 1st INTEGRAL SPI-ACS Gamma-Ray Burst Catalogue)
Authors: A. Rau et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 9 figures, A&A accepted

Predstavlen pervyi katalog gamma-vspleskov, nablyudavshihsya priborom SPI (tochnee ego zashitnoi sistemoi ACS) na sputnike INTEGRAL, za dva s lishnim goda (vplot' do yanvarya 2005). V katalog vklyucheno 388 vspleskov (tochnee, kandidatov vo vspleski, t.k. ne dlya vseh iz 388 sobytii est' podtverzhdeniya s drugih apparatov, a dannyh SPI-ACS ne vsegda dostatochno dlya chetkogo opredeleniya prirody yavleniya).


miniobzor astro-ph/0504368 Ot dvoinyh neitronnyh zvezd k gamma-vspleskam (From Neutron Star Binaries to Gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: S. Rosswog
Comments: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome,18-22 October 2004

Kak izvestno, kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski chetko raspadayutsya na t.n. dlinnye (dlitel'nost' bolee 10 sekund) i korotkie (menee sekundy). Polagayut, chto korotkie mogut byt' svyazany so sliyaniyami neitronnyh zvezd. Etomu i posvyashen obzor. Tem, kto pro eto nichego ne chital, nastoyatel'no rekomenduyu.


Vypusk 103. 01-10 aprelya 2005

astro-ph/0504175 Kakie zvezdy porozhdayut gamma-vspleski? (Which Massive stars are Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors?)
Authors: Jelena Petrovic et al.
Comments: 40 pages

V nastoyashee vremya naibolee populyarnaya teoriya t.n. "dlinnyh" gamma-vspleskov (napomnim, chto gamma-vspleski chetko delyatsya na dlinnye - bolee 10 sekund - i korotkie - poryadka sekundy i men'she) osnovyvaetsya na kollapse massivnoi zvezdy. Zvezda, po vsei vidimosti, prevrashaetsya v chernuyu dyru, vokrug kotoroi formiruetsya tor (aka bublik). Obrazuyutsya dzhety. V itoge, esli nam povezlo i dzhet napravlen na nas, my vidim gamma-vsplesk. Vstaet vopros: kakie zvezdy v konce svoego zhiznennogo puti porozhdayut vse eti interesneishie posledstviya?

Dlya generacii gamma-vspleska neobhodimo, chtoby pered vzryvom yadro zvezdy dostatochno bystro vrashalos'. Rezul'taty raboty pokazyvayut, chto v bez ucheta vliyaniya magnitnogo polya neobhodimyi temp vrasheniya mozhet byt' dostignut. A vot prisutstvie polya vse portit.

Avtory issleduyut evolyuciyu odinochnyh zvezd i zvezd, vhodyashih v dvoinye sistemy. Tam est' mnogo nereshennyh problem, poetomu avtory ne prihodyat k kakomu-libo odnoznachnomu vyvodu. Tak chto "mnogoe sdelano, no mnogoe eshe predstoit ..."


Vypusk 102. 21-31 marta 2005

astro-ph/0503508 Infrakrasnaya vspyshka ot dlinnogo gamma-vspleska (A contemporaneous infrared flash from a long gamma-ray burst: an echo from the central engine)
Authors: C. H. Blake et al.
Comments: Accepted to Nature on March 1, 2005. 9 pages, 4 figures

S pomosh'yu nazemnogo teleskopa-robota vpervye udalos' zaregistrirovat' rannee izluchenie gamma-vspleska v IK diapazone. Vsplesk GRB 041219a udalos' zaregistrirovat' na etih dlinnyh volnah vsego spustya 7.2 minuty posle nachala vspyshki. Bezuslovno, eti dannye pomogut luchshe ponyat' mehanizm gamma-vspleskov.

Nizhe privodyatsya takzhe dannye ob opticheskoi vspyshke, soprovozhdavshei etot vsplesk.


astro-ph/0503521 Svyaz' mezhdu pryamym opticheskim i gamma izlucheniem gamma-vspleskov (A Link between Prompt Optical and Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: W.T. Vestrand et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures NOTE: This paper has been accepted for publication in Nature

Rech' idet o registracii opticheskogo izucheniya gamma-vspleska 041219a. Vsego lish' vo vtoroi raz udalos' poimat' vsplesk v optike pryamo v moment osnovnoi vspyshki v gamma-diapazone. Udalos' eto teper' s pomosh'yu ustanovki RAPTOR.

Opticheskaya ekspoziciya nachalas' vsego lish' na 8 sekund pozdnee gamma impul'sa (signal o nachale vspleska postupil so sputnika Integral). T.k. vsplesk okazalsya dlinnym, to est' kusok, dlya kotorogo est' i gamma, i opticheskie dannye.

V otlichie ot pervogo sluchaya sovmestnoi zapisi opticheskogo i gamma izlucheniya na etot raz potoki okazalis' dostatochno korrelirovannymi. Tak chto, nesmotrya na poluchenie novyh vazhnyh dannyh, kartina stanovitsya, vozmozhno, bolee zaputannoi.


astro-ph/0503625 Klimaticheskie i biohimicheskie effekty galakticheskih gamma-vspleskov (Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects of a Galactic Gamma-Ray Burst)
Authors: Adrian L. Melott et al.
Comments: 13 pages

Po sovremennym ocenkam gamma-vspleski proishodyat v Galaktike raz v desyatki tysyach let. Iz-za napravlennosti izlucheniya na Zemle galakticheskie vspleski byli by vidny primerno raz v neskol'ko millionov let. Nebol'shaya dolya iz nih mogla by byt' dostochno blizkimi, chtoby ser'ezno vozdeistvovat' na zemnuyu biosferu. Tem takih sobytii ocenivaetsya primerno raz v milliard let.

Avtory rassmatrivayut posledstviya blizkogo gamma-vspleska, i privodyat argumenty v pol'zu togo, chto odna iz katastrof v zemnoi istorii mogla byt' svyazana s podobnym sobytiem.


Vypusk 100. 01-10 marta 2005

astro-ph/0503030 Gamma nablyudeniya gigantskoi vspyshki magnitara SGR 1806-20 (Gamma-Ray Observations of a Giant Flare from The Magnetar SGR 1806-20)
Authors: D. M. Palmer et al.
Comments: Submitted to Nature 2005-02-02, revised 2005-03-01. 21 pp, incl. 6 figures

Predstavleny rezul'taty nablyudenii na sputnike Swift. Nichego principial'no novogo v sravnenii s drugimi rabotami zdes' ne dobavleno. Vazhno, chto dannye raznyh eksperimentov sovpadayut.


Vspyshka po dannym Swift

V pyatnicu 11 chisla v GAISh budet nebol'shoi doklad, posvyashennoi vspyshke SGR 1806-20. Prezentaciya v formate PowerPoint budet dostupna zdes'


Vypusk 99. 15-28 fevralya 2005

astro-ph/0502329 Gigantskaya vspyshka ot SGR1806-20 s prilozheniem k korotkim gamma-vspleskam (A tremendous flare from SGR1806-20 with implications for short-duration gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: Hurley et al.
Comments: 27 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Nature

27 dekabrya byla zaregistrirovana samaya moshnaya vspyshka ot istochnika povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov. Za doli sekundy vydelilos' okolo 1046 ergov (Solnce izluchaet stol'ko za 10 000 let). Potok energii na Zemle sostavil okolo 1 erga na kvadratnyi santimetr.

Napomnim, chto istochniki myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov (MPG) byli otkryty v 1979 godu, v pervuyu ochered' blagodarya otechestvennyh sputnikam Venera i Prognoz na priborah razrabotannoi gruppoi Mazeca.

Sovremennye teorii risuyut MPG kak sil'no zamagnichennye neitronnye zvezdy - magnitary. Perestroiki magnitnogo polya i privodyat k vspyshkam. Chetkoi odnoznachnoi modeli vspleskov poka net. O novyh teoriyah sm. svezhuyu zametku astro-ph/0502349.

Vspyshki byvayut treh osnovnyh vidov: slabye, promezhutochnye, gigantskie. Poslednyuyu vspyshku uzhe vydelili v otdel'nyh klass gipervspyshek.

V stat'e predstavleny osnovnye rezul'taty nablyudenii. Takzhe privedeny interesnye rassuzhdeniya, kasayushiesya vozmozhnoi svyazi takih vspyshek s podklassom zhestkih korotkih gamma-vspleskov. Delo v tom, cho sputnik tipa CGRO (pribor BATSE) mog by videt' takoi vsplesk s rasstoyaniya do 50 Mpk. Znachit, esli uzh v nashei Galaktike za 30 let nablyudenii my uvideli odnu takuyu vspyshku (kstati, rasstoyanie do MPG - 15 kpk), to iz ob'emy, ogranichennogo 50 Mpk BATSE mog by zaregistrirovat' 1-2 sotni takih yavlenii.

Zametim, chto razumno predpolozhit' sleduyushee, t.k. magnitary eto ochen' molodye i korotkozhivushie ob'ekty, to osnovnoi vklad v proizvodstvo takih gipervspyshek budut vnosit' galaktiki s vysokim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya i vysokim tempom vspyshek sverhnovyh. Etomu posvyashena korotkaya zametka odnogo iz avtorov obzorov.

Privedem takzhe ssylki na ryad drugih svezhih rabot, poyavivshihsya v Arhive v svyazi s gigantskoi vspyshkoi magnitara.

Vsplesk byl zaregistrirovan neskol'kimi kosmicheskimi apparatami, v tom chisle i rossiiskim Koronas-F (detektor Gelikon), a takzhe rossiiskim priborom Konus na amerikanskom sputnike Wind. Apparatura Koronas-F smogla dazhe zafiksirovat' izluchenie vspyshki, otrazhennoe ot Luny. Eto pervyi podobnyi sluchai. Ob etom - v stat'e Mazeca i dr.

Rezul'taty moshnoi vspyshki byli obnaruzheny i v radiodiapazone. Ob etom mozhno prochest' v stat'yah astro-ph/0502393 i astro-ph/0502428.

Stat'ya astro-ph/0502428 interesna eshe i tem, chto avtory osparivayut tradicionnuyu ocenku rasstoyaniya do istochnika vspleska. Vmesto obychnyh 15 kpk oni predlagayut velichinu 6-10 kpk. Eto, razumeetsya, privodit k izmeneniyu ocenki energetiki vspleska, odnako, dazhe ee korrekciya v 3-5 raz v storonu umen'sheniya ostavlyaet vspyshku samoi moshnoi iz nablyudavshihsya ot MPG.

Rezul'taty rentgenovskih nablyudenii v period, predshestvovavshii vspyshke, summirovany v stat'e A XMM-Newton View of the Soft Gamma-ray Repeater SGR 1806--20: Long Term Variability in the pre-Super Giant Flare Epoch.

Poslednyaya iz poyavivshihsya v fevrale statei na temu vspyshki SGR 1806-20 posvyashena nablyudeniyam na pribore SPI na bortu sputnika Integral. Avtory v osnovnom rasskazyvayut o nablyudeniyah hvosta vspleska (napomnim, chto zhestkie gigantskie vspyshki soprovozhdayutsya "hvostom" bolee myagkogo pul'siruyushego izlucheniya, period pul'sacii raven periodu vrasheniya neitronnoi zvezdy). Svyazano eto s bol'shoi moshnost'yu vspleska: t.k. Integral obladaet priborami s ochen' bol'shoi sobirayushei ploshad'yu, to potok fotonov byl nastol'ko velik, chto na vremya osnovnogo pika sputnik prosto "oslep".

T.o. my priveli ssylki na vse osnovnye raboty po SGR 1806-20, opublikovannye v Arhive za poslednie dve nedeli.


gr-qc/0501068 Poisk gravitacionnyh voln, svyazannyh s gamma-vspleskom GRB030329, ispol'zuya detektory LIGO (A Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with the Gamma Ray Burst GRB030329 Using the LIGO Detectors)
Authors: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Comments: 18 pages, 9 figures and 3 tables

Gamma-vsplesk, nablyudavshiisya 29 marta 2003 goda (GRB030329), byl ochen' yarkim. Poetomu v principe mozhno bylo nadeyat'sya na registraciyu gravitacionno-volnovogo signala. Komanda LIGO provela analiz otklika detektora v moment prihoda gamma-vspleska. Razumeetsya, rezul'tat nulevoi (inache ob etom pisali by vse novostnye lenty mira). Odnako vazhno, chto kachestvo takih verhnih predelov rastet. Znachit, mozhet byt' dozhivem i do real'noi registracii signala.


Vypusk 96. 01-16 yanvarya 2005

astro-ph/0501199 SGARFACE: novyi detektor dlya mikrosekundnyh gamma-vspleskov (SGARFACE: A Novel Detector For Microsecond Gamma Ray Bursts)
Authors: S. LeBohec et al.
Comments: 29 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics

Rech' idet o nazemnyh nablyudeniyah na observatorii Whipple na 10-metrovom gamma-teleskope. Novaya apparatura pozvolit detektirovat' zhestkie gamma-kvanty (>100 MeV) vo vspyshkah s dlitel'nost'yu do 35 mikrosekund!


Vypusk 95. 22-31 dekabrya 2004

miniobzor astro-ph/0412554 Gamma-vspleski: potencial'nye istochniki kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii (Gamma-ray bursts: Potential sources of ultra high energy cosmic-rays)
Authors: E. Waxman
Comments: 8 pages; Invited talk, XIII International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (Pylos, Greece 2004)

Avtor yavlyaetsya storonnikom tochki zreniya o tom, chto kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski porozhdayut kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energii. Sootvetstvenno, v stat'e privedeny argumenty v pol'zu takoi tochki zreniya.


Vypusk 93. 01-12 dekabrya 2004

astro-ph/0412024 Gipernovye i gamma-vspleski kak rezul'tat sliyaniya dvoinyh (Binary Merger Progenitors for Gamma-Ray Bursts and Hypernovae)
Authors: Chris L. Fryer and Alexander Heger
Comments: 29 pages including 12 figures, submitted to ApJ

Eshe odna interesnaya rabota, svyazannaya s tesnymi dvoinymi sistemami. Na etot raz ona ne kasaetsya populyacionnogo sinteza, no net nikakogo somneniya v tom, chto ishodya iz gipotezy, razrabotannoi v dannoi stat'e, v budushem budut provedeny i populyacionnye raschety.

Kratko: avtory rassmatrivayut ideyu o tom, chto gamma-vspleski i gipernovye yavlyayutsya rezul'tatom sliyaniya dvuh gelievyh zvezd.

Napomnim, chto komanda uchenyh, v kotoruyu vhodyat i avtory stat'i, uzhe vyskazyvalas' o tom, chto sozdanie gipernovoi i gamma-vspleska trebuet, chtoby u vzryvayusheisya zvezdy byl sushestvennyi uglovoi moment, kotoryi v obychnyh usloviya trudno dostizhim, a znachit, sleduet obratit'sya k operedelennym tipam dvoinyh sistem. V dannoi stat'e Fraier i Heger konkretiziruyut, sistemy kakogo tipa naibolee perspektivny, i rassmatrivayut mehanizm vzryva v nekotoryh detalyah.

Podcherknem, chto neobhodimy populyacionnye issledovaniya, chtoby ocenit' chastotu takih sliyaniii ee zavisimost' ot parametrov evolyucionnogo scenariya (naprimer, ot effektivnosti obshei obolochki).


Vypusk 88. 11-17 oktyabrya 2004

astro-ph/0410345 Gamma-vspleski i plavlenie veshestva pod deistviem rentgenovskogo izlucheniya kak vozmozhnyi istochnik hondr i planet (Gamma-ray bursts and X-ray melting of material as a potential source of chondrules and planets)
Authors: P. Duggan et al.
Comments: 8 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of the 5th INTEGRAL Workshop, Munich 16-20 February 2004. High resolution figures available at http://bermuda.ucd.ie/%7Esmcbreen/papers/duggan_01.pdf

Avtory uvyazyvayut vmeste rezul'taty laboratornyh eksperimentov, gamma-vspleski i problemy proishozhdeniya planet i malyh tel v planetnyh sistemah.

Eksperimenty s puchkami zhestkogo izlucheniya (ustanovka ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) pokazali interesnye rezul'taty. Pri bystrom nagreve i posleduyushem ohlazhdenii obrazca voznikali struktury tipa hondr (chondrules). Avtory polagayut, chto podobnyi potok zhestkogo izlucheniya mozhet sozdavat'sya gamma-vspleskom na rasstoyanii do 300 svetovyh let. Oni polagayut, chto gamma-vspleski mogut byt' sushestvennym faktorom v formirovanii planetnyh sistem.


Vypusk 86. 20-30 sentyabrya 2004

astro-ph/0409715 Vse li gamma-vspleski pohozhi na GRB 980425, GRB 030329 i GRB 031203? (Are all Gamma Ray Bursts like GRB 980425, GRB 030329 and GRB 031203?)
Authors: Dafne Guetta et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in ApJL

Tri gamma-vspleska, ukazannye v nazvanii stat'i, - eto blizkie (z<0.17) vspleski, otozhdestvlennye so sverhnovymi (tochnee, povedenie opticheskih krivyh ih bleska pohozhe na povedenie nekotorogo tipa sverhnovyh, plyus est' nekotoroe shodstvo v spektrah). Voznikaet vopros, kotoryi uzhe rassmatrivalsya, "pohozhi li eti vspleski na osnovnuyu populyaciyu gamma-vspleskov?" Delo v tom, chto esli vzyat' polnuyu populyaciyu vspleskov i, ispol'zuya ih funkciyu svetimosti, posmotret' kakova veroyatnost' za imevshee mesto vremya nablyudenii uvidet' tri vspleska na z<0.17, to veroyatnost' etogo budet kraine mala. Na osnovanii etogo delalsya vyvod o tom, chto osnovnaya populyaciya vspleskov mozhet byt' ne svyazana so sverhnovymi, a troika nashih geroev predstavlyaet soboi lish' podklass gamma-vspleskov. Odnako kartina okazyvaetsya slozhnee. Delo v tom, chto koli v sovremennoi kartine gamma-vspleski svyazany s dzhetami, t.e. s napravlennym izlucheniem, to nablyudaemyi potok budet raznym pri nablyudenii vdol' dzheta (kogda my smotrim pryamo v zherlo) i poperek (kogda osnovnoi potok idet mimo nas).

Esli uchest' v analize vozmozhnyi vklad gamma-vspleskov s nizkoi nablyudaemoi svetimost'yu, to veroyatnost' uvidet' tri vspleska za neskol'ko let na nizkih krasnyh smesheniyah rezko vozrastaet. T.o. avtory polagayut, chto poka net neobhodimosti otkazyvat'sya ot standartnogo scenariya, v kotorom vse gamma-vspleski (rech' idet o t.n. dlinnyh vspleskah s prodolzhitel'nost'yu vspyshki bolee 2 sekund) sostavlyayut odin klass istochnikov, neobhodimo lish' pravil'no uchest' povedenie funkcii svetimosti dlya slabyh ob'ektov.

Razumeetsya, avtory obsuzhdayut, kak mozhno podtverdit' ili oprovergnut' etu gipotezu. Vydelim dva momenta: nabor statistiki novymi eksperimentami tipa HETE, Swift i radionablyudeniya. Tak instrumenty tipa HETE ne dolzhny (esli rassuzhdeniya avtorov verny) uvidet' ni odnogo blizkogo yarkogo (t.e. nablyudaemogo vdol' osi dzheta) vspleska v techenie 20 let.

obzor astro-ph/0409755 Gamma-vspleski i gipernovye (Gamma-ray Bursts and Hypernovae)
Authors: K.A. Postnov
Comments: 11 pages, no figures

V poslednee vremya poyavlyaetsya vse bol'she argumentov v pol'zu togo, chto po krainei mere chast' gamma-vspleskov mozhet byt' svyazana so vspyshkami sverhnovyh osobogo tipa - tak nazyvaemyh gipernovyh. Vozmozhno imenno etim ob'yasnyaetsya to, chto vo vseh gamma-vspleskah vydelyaetsya primerno ravnoe kolichestvo energii ~1051 erg. (Vprochem, poslednee utverzhdenie tozhe gipoteza, nuzhdayushayasya v podtverzhdenii.)


Vypusk 83. 01-31 avgusta 2004

astro-ph/0408095 Normal'nyi gamma-vsplesk s neobychno nizkoi svetimost'yu (An apparently normal gamma-ray burst with an unusually low luminosity)
Authors: S. Sazonov, A. Lutovinov, R. Sunyaev
Comments: 11 pages, 3 figures; Nature 430 (2004), 646

Otkryt normal'nyi gamma-vsplesk (t.e. ego spektral'nye i vremennye harakteristiki bolee-menee obychny) s nizkim potokom. Dlitel'nost' vspleska GRB 031203 sostavila 40 sekund (t.o. eto t.n. dlinnyi vsplesk). Maksimum energii prishelsya na >190 keV. A vot svetimost' (v pereschete na sluchai izotropnogo izlucheniya) sostavila vsego 1050 erg/s.

Sm. takzhe rabotu Soderber et al., gde obsuzhdaetsya tot zhe vsplesk.


astro-ph/0407112 Dolya GRB sredi sverhnovyh tipa Ib/c (Branching ratio of Type Ib/c supernovae into GRB-supernovae)
Authors: Maurice H.P.M. van Putten
Comments: 12 pages

My reshili upomyanut' stat'yu iz proshlogo mesyaca, o kotoroi ne pisali ran'she. Soglasno odnomu iz variantov teorii gamma-vspleski proishodyat pri vzryvah sverhnovyh tipa Ib/c, no daleko ne vsegda, a lish' odin raz na neskol'ko soten sverhnovyh. Kak mozhno ob'yasnit' stol' maluyu dolyu?

Avtor stat'i predlagaet sleduyushii variant. Dlya vozniknoveniya gamma-vspleska po vsei vidimosti neobhodimo obrazovanie akkrecionnogo tora vokrug novoobrazovavsheisya chernoi dyry. Okazyvaetsya, chto mozhno pridumat' pochemu prakticheski vo vseh sluchayah tor ne obrazuetsya. Esli kollaps proishodit nesimmetrichno (rech' idet o narushenii sfericheskoi simmetrii), naprimer iz-za nesferichnosti samoi zvezdy do kollapsa, to obrazovavshayasya chernaya dyra poluchit dostatochnyi tolchok (kik), chtoby vyiti iz oblasti vysokoi plotnosti, a znachit tor ne iz chego budet obrazovat'. Malaya dolya chernyh dyr, ostavshihsya v oblasti vysokoi plotnosti (central'naya chast' kollapsiruyushei zvezdy), ob'yasnyaetsya maloi veroyatnost'yu nizkih skorostei posle kika. Nesferichnost' zvezdy pered kollapsom ob'yasnyaetsya prilivnym vozdeistvie kompan'ona (sverhnovye tipa Ib/c dolzhny proishodit' v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah).


Vypusk 78. 13-31 maya 2004

astro-ph/0405233 Sputnik Swift dlya izucheniya gamma-vspleskov (The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission)
Authors: N. Gehrels et al.
Comments: 38 pages, including 10 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ v611

Sputnik Swift budet zapushen vo vtoroi polovine etogo goda. Osnovnoi ego zadachei budet izuchenie kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov. Na bortu budet tri instrumenta: gamma-detektor s bol'shim polem zreniya, i rentgenovskii i opticheskii teleskopy s uzkim polem zreniya dlya izucheniya poslesvechenii.

Ozhidaetsya, chto sputnik budet registrirovat' primerno 2 vspleska v nedelyu, dlya kotoryh budet poluchena ochen' podrobnaya informaciya. Razumeetsya, ozhidaetsya, chto eto pozvolit sushestvenno prodvinut'sya v ponimanii mehanizma vspleskov. Hochetsya nadeyat'sya, chto eto budet proryv, sravnimyi s tem, chto proizoshel posle otkrytii na sputnike BeppoSAX. Ob etom apparate i ego uspehah v izuchenii gamma-vspleskov mozhno prochest' v stat'e The BeppoSAX revolution in Gamma-Ray Burst science. Teorii gamma-vspleskov posvyashen obzor Pirana The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts.

Krome svoei osnovnoi zadachi sputnik takzhe pozvolit poluchit' obzor neba v zhestkom diapazone. Eto dovol'no vazhno, osobenno v preddverii zapuska sputnika GLAST.


Vypusk 76. 19-30 aprelya 2004

katalog astro-ph/0404453 Katalog nizkoenergichnyh gamma-istochnikov po dannym BATSE (The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Earth Occultation Catalog of Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources)
Authors: B. A. Harmon et al.
Comments: 64 pages, 17 figures, abstract abridged, Accepted by ApJS

"BATSE umer, no arhivy ego zhivut". Primerno tak hochetsya skazat'....
V principe, kak horosho izvestno, pribor BATSE v pervuyu ochered' prednaznachalsya dlya issledovaniya gamma-vspleskov, a potomu rabotal v nizkoenergetichnoi chasti gamma-spektra (drugie pribory Observatorii im. Komptona rabotali v bolee zhestkih diapazonah). Uglovoe razreshenie BATSE bylo nebol'shim, poetomu kazalos' by neposredstvenno izuchat' otdel'nye istochniki (ne gamma-vspleski) zatrudnitel'no. Odnako, t.k. BATSE dal prakticheski 10-letnii odnorodnyi obzor neba, hochetsya hot' kak-to poluchit' informaciyu ob otdel'nyh istochnikah. Sdelat' eto mozhno dvumya sposobami.
1. Esli istochnik periodicheskii (rentgenovskii pul'sar), to mozhno vydelit' imenno etot signal.
2. Esli istochnik zatmevaetsya Zemlei, to mozhno takzhe vydelit' otdel'nyi signal.

Imenno vtoroi sposob i ispol'zuetsya v dannoi rabote. Avtory predprinimali takuyu popytku i ran'she, no teper' oni ispol'zovali bolee prodvinutoe programmnoe obespechenie (chastichno razrabotannoe dlya obrabotki dannyh INTEGRALa) i bolee moshnye komp'yutery.

V nachale avtory sostavili katalog 58 istochnikov. Zatem oni dobavili eshe 121 izvestnyi istochnik i popytalis' vytyanut' po nim iz dannyh BATSE kak mozhno bol'she informacii. Vytyanut' udalos' dlya 86 istochnikov (plyus eshe dlya 36 s men'shei uverennost'yu). Katalog vseh etih istochnikov i predstavlen v stat'e.


astro-ph/0404515 Vzryvy sverhnovyh, 511 keV-nye fotony, gamma-vspleski i zerkal'naya materiya (Supernova explosions, 511 keV photons, gamma ray bursts and mirror matter)
Authors: R. Foot and Z. K. Silagadze
Comments: about 9 pages

Nekotorye sovremennye teorii elementarnyh chastic utverzhdayut, chto krome nashego mira, v kotorom vse tela sostoyat iz izvestnyh nam fotonov, protonov, elektronov i t.d. v etoi zhe samoi Vselennoi mozhet sushestvovat' eshe odin, takoi zhe po raznoobraziyu svoistv mir, postroennyi iz drugih chastic, kotorye nazyvayut "zerkal'nymi" (otsyuda "zerkal'noe veshestva" i "zerkal'naya vselennaya"). Nabor zerkal'nyh chastic i ih vzaimodeistviya mezhdu soboi mogut byt' takimi zhe (strogo ili priblizhenno) kak v nashem mire ili zhe mogut sovershenno ot nih otlichat'sya. Osnovnoi osobennost'yu zerkal'nyh chastic yavlyaetsya to, chto s normal'nym veshestvom oni vzaimodeistvuyut libo tol'ko gravitacionno, no eto ochen' zhestkoe ogranichenie, posle vvedeniya kotorogo ostaetsya sovsem malo interesnoi fiziki. Poetomu v poslednee vremya pri rassmotrenii zerkal'nyh teorii dopolnitel'no predpolagayut nalichie (slabogo) smeshivaniya obychnyh i zerkal'nyh chastic. Eto oznachaet, chto pri nekotoryh usloviyah zerkal'nye neitrino ili (kak v etoi stat'e) fotony mogut prevrashat'sya v sootvetstvuyushie obychnye chasticy i naoborot. Nikakoe drugoe vzaimodeistvie mezhdu obychnym i zerkal'nym veshestvom nevozmozhno (t.e. my ego ne mozhem dazhe napryamuyu uvidet').

Esli zerkal'noe veshestvo vo svoim (vnutrennim) svoistvam pohozhe na nashe, to iz nego budut obrazovyvat'sya galaktiki (zerkal'nye), v nih zvezdy, a massivnye zerkal'nye zvezdy budut zakanchivat' svoyu evolyuciyu vzryvami sverhnovyh (v zerkal'nom mire). Prichem obychnye i zerkal'nye galaktiki budut skoree vsego sovpadat' (oba sorta veshestva budut raspolozheny v obshei gravitacionnoi potencial'noi yame), a otdel'nye zvezdy - raspolagayutsya nezavisimym obrazom.

Pri vzryve zerkal'noi sverhnovoi vydelyaetsya potok energii, v osnovnom v neitrino i fotonah. Chast' etih zerkal'nyh fotonov mozhet prevratit'sya v obychnye. A voznikayushaya "na pustom meste" sverhmoshnaya vspyshka izlucheniya mozhet ob'yasnit' nekotorye nablyudaemye v kosmose interesnye fenomeny.

Avtory stat'i privodyat tri takih yavleniya:

  • "Velikii Annigillyator" - istochnik pozitronov v centre Galaktiki, nablyudaemyi po annigilyacionnoi linii 511 keV;
  • gamma-vspleski i
  • sverhnovye.

A voobshe stat'ya ochen' prostaya i prozrachnaya.


Vypusk 73. 16-31 marta 2004

astro-ph/0403451 Sverhnovaya, svyazannaya s rentgenovskoi vspyshkoi 031203 (A supernova associated with X-ray flash 031203)
Authors: B. Thomsen et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to A&A

Avtory polagayut, chto nashli primer associacii rentgenovskoi vspyshki (X-ray flash) i sverhnovoi.

Rentgenovskie vspyshki po vsei vidimosti yavlyayutsya "mladshimi brat'yami" gamma-vspleskov. V etoi rabote rech' idet o vspyshke GRB 031203, proizoshedshei v galaktike s krasnym smesheniem z=0.1055 (eto dovol'no blizko po merkam gamma-vspleskov). Avtory obnaruzhili pik izlucheniya cherez 10-33 dnya posle vspyshki. Oni interpretiruyu eto kak sverhnovuyu (vozmozhno, gipernovuyu), otmechaya shodstvo so sverhnovoi SN1998bw (kotoruyu, v svoyu ochered', svyazyvayut s gamma-vspleskom).


Vypusk 65. 12-19 yanvarya 2004

astro-ph/0401150 Poslednii gamma-vsplesk v nashei Galaktike? (The last Gamma Ray Burst in our Galaxy? On the observed cosmic ray excess at particle energy 1 EeV)
Authors: Peter L. Biermann et al.
Comments: 12 pages, Accepted for publication in Ap. J. Letters

V spektre kosmicheskih luchei nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi izbytok na energiyah poryadka 1018 eV v napravlenii centra Galaktiki. Avtory razrabatyvayut interesnuyu ideyu, chto etot izbytok svyazan s poslednim (t.e. samym nedavnim) gamma-vspleskom, proizoshedshim v Mlechnom Puti.


Vypusk 64. 01-11 yanvarya 2004

obzor astro-ph/0401022 Gamma-vspleski i ih central'nye mashiny (Gamma-ray Bursts and their Central Engines)
Authors: Stephan Rosswog
Comments: Invited review "Superdense QCD matter and compact stars", Yerevan, Armenia, Sept. 2003

Horoshii bogato proillyustrirovannyi obzor po mehanizmam gamma-vspleskov. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno vozmozhnosti ob'yasneniya korotkih gamma-vspleskov kak sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd.


Vypusk 63. 16-31 dekabrya 2003

astro-ph/0312399 Dlinnye i korotkie gamma-vspleski i otdacha pul'sarov (Long and short gamma-ray bursts, and the pulsar kicks)
Authors: Alexander Kusenko and Dmitry V. Semikoz
Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure

Ideya raboty ochen' ponyatna: korotkie gamma vspleski ochen' pohozhi na pervye neskol'ko sekund dlinnyh gamma-vspleskov, kotorye po kakoi-to prichine vnezapno zakonchilis'. Avtory predpolagayut, chto eto imenno tak. Gamma-vspleski porozhdayutsya v hode sverhmoshnoi akkrecii veshestva iz akkrecionnogo diska (obrazovavshegosya iz obolochek kollapsiruyushei zvezdy) na neitronnuyu zvezdu ili chernuyu dyru. Poka idet akkreciya my nablyudaem gamma-izluchenie. No esli za neskol'ko sekund neitronnaya zvezda priobretaet vysokuyu skorost', to ona mozhet vyletet' iz diska i vsplesk prekratitsya.


astro-ph/0312594 Detal'naya opticheskaya krivaya gamma-vspleska GRB030329 (The detailed optical light curve of GRB030329)
Authors: Y. M. Lipkin et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ

Vot kak vyglyadel v radio-, optike (fil'tr R) i rentgene samyi yarkii gamma-vsplesk 2003 goda GRB 030329.


astro-ph/0312602 Gamma-vspleski, nablyudavshiesya na XMM-Newton (Gamma-Ray Bursts observed by XMM-Newton)
Authors: P.T. O'Brien et al.
Comments: To appear in proceedings of the "XMM-Newton EPIC Consortium meeting, Palermo, 2003 October 14-16", published in Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana

XMM-Newton - eto odna iz dvuh sovremennyh bol'shih rentgenovskih observatorii. Osnovnoe dostoinstvo sputnika - ogromnaya sobirayushaya ploshad', pozvolyayushaya poluchat' horoshie spektry v rentgenovskom diapazone.

Gamma-vspleski - ne osnovnaya tematika dlya XMM-Newton. Tem ne menee UZhE polucheny vazhnye rezul'taty. Delo v tom, chto sputnik uspevayut dostatochno bystro navesti na vspyhnuvshii vsplesk s tem, chto by detal'no issledovat' t.n. rentgenovskoe poslesvechenie (afterglow).

V stat'e kratko opisyvayutsya osnovnye poluchennye rezul'taty, a takzhe plany, svyazannye s zapuskom sputnika Swift.


Vypusk 62. 01-15 dekabrya 2003

astro-ph/0312089 Evolyuciya polyarizacii opticheskogo oreola gamma-vspleska GRB030329 (The polarization evolution of the optical afterglow of GRB 030329)
Authors: J. Greiner et al.
Comments: 2 pages, 1 ps-figure

U opticheskogo oreola samogo yarkogo gamma-vspleska 2003 goda byli provedeny izmereniya polyarizacii izlucheniya. Vot kak eto bylo: verhnyaya krivaya - uroven' ploskoi polyarizacii, srednyaya - orientaciya ploskosti polyarizacii, nizhnyaya - zvezdnaya velichina poslesvecheniya v fil'tre R.


astro-ph/0312279 Kak izmerit' vremennuyu zaderzhku mezhdu vspyshkoi sverhnovoi i gamma-vspleskom? (How Can The SN-GRB Time Delay Be Measured?)
Authors: J. P. Norris and J. T. Bonnell
Comments: 4 pages

Vse bol'she argumentov obnaruzhivaetsya v pol'zu svyazi gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi (naprimer, SN1998bw/GRB980425 ili SN2003dh/GRB030329). Odnako eto processy yarkost' kotoryh razlichaetsya v 50000 raz i opredelit' proishodyat li oni odnovremenno ili odno operezhaet drugoe na 1-2 dnya ochen' neprosto. Podrobnee - v stat'e.


Vypusk 61. 16-30 noyabrya 2003

ideya! astro-ph/0311484 Paradigma slivayushihsya belyh karlikov dlya Sverhnovyh i gamma-vspleskov (A White Dwarf Merger Paradigm for Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: John Middleditch
Comments: 11 pages, 0 figures

Ochen' krasivaya ideya!

Sverhnovye tipa I i II razlichayut po nalichiyu (v tipe II) i otsutstviyu (v tipe I) v ih spektrah linii vodoroda. Teoriya evolyucii zvezd govorit nam, chto sverhnovye tipa II eto massivnye zvezdy s bogatoi vodorodom obolochkoi, ih vzryvy svyazany s kollapsom yadra zvezdy. So sverhnovymi tipa I situaciya bolee slozhna - ih podrazdelyayut na tri podklassa: sverhnovye tipa Ib i Ic - tozhe massivnye zvezdy, no lishivshiesya vodorodnoi obolochki. A vot u sverhnovyh Ia fizika sovsem drugaya - eto dva slivayushihsya belyh karlika (samaya populyarnaya model'). Poetomu otsutstvie linii vodoroda v spektrah sverhnovyh tipa Ia poluchaet estestvennoe ob'yasnenie.

Sverhnovaya 1987a, vspyhnuvshaya v Magellanovyh Oblakah, otnositsya k tipu II, a zagadochnye gamma-vspleski v poslednee vremya svyazyvayut so vzryvami sverhnovyh tipa Ic.

Vsegda li verna ukazannaya kartina? Dzhon Middledich utverzhdaet, chto net.

Sliyanie dvuh belyh karlikov mozhet vyglyadet', kak vzryv sverhnovoi II tipa, esli belye karliki - dvoinoe yadro zvezdy, okruzhennoe obolochkoi, kotoraya i porozhdaet linii vodoroda. (Podobnuyu model' sverhnovoi s dvoinym yadrom razrabatyvala gruppa V.S.Imshennika iz ITEF, no v toi modeli dvoinoe yadro bylo neitronnym.) Podobnoi "zamaskirovannoi" sverhnovoi mogla byt' SN 1987a. Togda mozhet byt' i gamma-vspleski - porozhdenie slivayushihsya belyh karlikov?


Vypusk 60. 01-15 noyabrya 2003

astro-ph/0311050 Opredelenie krasnogo smesheniya dlya XRF 020903: pervoe spektroskopicheskoe nablyudenie rentgenovskogo vspleska (A Redshift Determination for XRF 020903: First Spectroscopic Observations of an X-Ray Flash)
Authors: A. M. Soderberg et al.
Comments: 16 pages, Submitted to ApJ

My uzhe rasskazyvali o rentgenovskih vspleskah (X-Ray Flash). Vozmozhno, oni yavlyayutsya kak minimum rodstvennikami gamma-vspleskov. Vpervye udalos' pronablyudat' opticheskoe poslesvechenie (oreol) rentgenovskogo vspleska i opredelit' krasnoe smeshenie. Ono okazalos' ravnym 0.251. Esli sravnivat' s gamma-vspleskami, to eto poluchaetsya dostatochno blizkii ob'ekt.

Vsplesk byl obnaruzhen na sputnike HETE-2. Zatem on nablyudalsya na 5-metrovom Palomarskom teleskope i drugih opticheskih instrumentah. Materinskaya galaktika nablyudalas' s pomosh'yu Kosmicheskogo teleskopa. Poslesvechenie bylo takzhe obnaruzheno v radiodiapazone.

Ocenka energetiki vspleska govorit o tom, chto rentgenovskie i gamma vspleski mogut porozhdat'sya edinym mehanizmom. Dannye po materinskoi galaktike vspleska govoryat o sil'nom zvezdoobrazovanii v nei, chto takzhe rodnit dva fenomena.


obzor! astro-ph/0311321 Gamma-vspleski: progress, problemy, plany (Gamma-Ray Bursts: Progress, Problems & Prospects)
Authors: Bing Zhang, Peter Meszaros
Comments: 86 pages, 17 figures, 566 references, an invited review for International Journal of Modern Physics A, in press

V obshem vse skazano vyshe: obzor po gamma-vspleskam, avtory - vedushie specialisty v etoi oblasti, 86 stranic, 566 ssylok (!). Pozhalui, nichego polnee na dannyi moment net.

V dopolnenie mozhno posovetovat' svezhuyu rabotu "The Diversity of Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Surroundings of Massive Stars", gde idet rech' o vozmozhnoi svyazi dlinnyh gamma-vspleskov s kollapsom massivnyh zvezd. A takzhe obzor, posvyashennyi dzhetam: "Gamma-Ray Bursts: Jets and Energetics".


Vypusk 59. 19-31 oktyabrya 2003

astro-ph/0310501 Rannii opticheskii oreol vspleska GRB 030418 i poterya massy zvezdoi-praroditelem (The Early Optical Afterglow of GRB 030418 and Progenitor Mass Loss)
Authors: E. S. Rykoff et al.
Comments: Five pages, four figures, uses emulateapj class file. Accepted to Astrophysical Journal Letters

Poka udalos' zaregistrirovat' lish' neskol'ko rannih opticheskih oreolov (poslesvechenii) kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov. Odnako dazhe eta malen'kaya vyborka uzhe pokazyvaet raznoobrazie svoistv. Avtory raboty opisyvayut nablyudeniya takih yavlenii, a takzhe obsuzhdayut vozmozhnuyu interpretaciyu razlichii. V predlagaemoi imi modeli, gde gamma-vsplesk svyazan s kollapsom massivnoi zvezdy, klyuchevuyu rol' igraet zvezdnyi veter. Opticheskoe poslesvechenie opredelyaetsya strukturoi, obrazovannoi zvezdnym vetrom v techenie zhizni zvezdy.


Vypusk 58. 01-17 oktyabrya 2003

astro-ph/0310040 Elektromagnitnaya model' gamma-vspleska [protiv modeli faerbola] (Electromagnetic [versus fireball] model of GRBs)
Authors: Maxim Lyutikov (McGill University)
Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures

Korotkie i yasnye stat'i Maksima Lyutikova vsegda ochen' interesno chitat'. V etot raz ideei stat'i yavlyaetsya utverzhdenie, svyazannoe s nedavno otkrytym vysokim (neskol'ko desyatkov procentov) urovnem polyarizacii izlucheniya odnogo iz gamma-vspleskov (samogo vspleska, a ne ego oreola - poslesvecheniya). Avtor pokazyvaet, chto pri urovne polyarizacii >10% model' faerbola s vnutrennei udarnoi volnoi mozhno isklyuchit', a elektromagnitnaya model' gamma-vspleska pozvolyaet ob'yasnit' nablyudaemuyu polyarizaciyu izlucheniya.

Shema elektromagnitnoi modeli gamma-vspleska

Otmetim, odnako, chto v svoei nedavnei stat'e Ratledzh i Foks osparivayut vysokuyu polyarizaciyu dlya vspleska GRB 021206.


astro-ph/0310320 Priroda GRB980425 i poisk neosevyh effektov v blizkih sverhnovyh tipa Ib/c (The nature of GRB980425 and the search for off-axis GRB signatures in nearby type Ib/c supernovae emission)
Authors: E. Waxman
Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure

Po suti seichas net sovsem uzh standartnoi modeli gamma-vspleska. Est' neskol'ko bolee-menee obsheprinyatyh momentov, kotorye pytayutsya proverit' i po vozmozhnosti uvyazat' drug s drugom. Naprimer, dovol'no aktivno obsuzhdaetsya vozmozhnaya svyaz' gamma-vspleskov so sverhnovymi tipa Ib/c.

V dannoi gruppe modelei gamma-vsplesk svyazan s dzhetom, voznikayushem pri kollapse massivnoi zvezdy v chernuyu dyru. Vazhnym parametrom, kotoryi v principe mozhno opredelyat' iz nablyudenii, yavlyaetsya ugol, pod kotorym my vidim dzhet. Modeli dayut raznoobraznye predskazaniya, naprimer, kasatel'no registracii radioizlucheniya.

Dlya GRB980425 predskazyvalis' parametry radioizlucheniya, kotorye zatem ne byli obnaruzheny. Eto yavlyaetsya dlya mnogih argumentom protiv dannoi gruppy modelei. Avtor pokazyvaet, kak mozhno modificirovat' model' (tochnee, sledat' ee bolee obshei), chtoby udovletvorit' imeyushimsya nablyudeniyam. Klyuchevym okazyvayutsya parametry zvzdnogo vetra vzorvavsheisya zvezdy. Sootvetstvenno delayutsya novye predskazaniya otnositel'no dolgovremennogo (gody) povedeniya radioizlucheniya.


miniobzor astro-ph/0310361 Fizicheskie ogranicheniya na modeli gamma-vspleskov (Physical restrictions on the models of gamma-ray bursts)
Authors: G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan
Comments: 21 pages, 19 figures

Kakie mehanizmy mogut porozhdat' gamma-vspleski? Chem vyzvany ih poslesvecheniya? Vse li gamma-vspleski imeyut kosmologicheskuyu prirodu ili chast' iz nih proishodit v nashei Galaktike? Pered vami korotkii, no ochen' kriticheskii obzor sovremennyh problem teorii gamma-vspleskov.


astro-ph/0310414 Osnovnye dostizheniya HETE-2 (Highlights of the HETE-2 Mission)
Authors: D. Q. Lamb et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 6 figures, to appear in proc. 2nd VERITAS Symposium on TeV Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois

Kak izvestno, posle neudachnogo zapuska missii HETE byla sdelana ee uluchshennaya kopiya - HETE-2, kotoraya uspeshno rabotaet na orbite. V state izlagayutsya osnovnye dostizheniya etogo apparata, prednaznachennogo dlya izucheniya kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov. Zaregistrirovano uzhe bolee 250 sobytii, prichem dlya nekotoryh udaetsya poluchit' bystruyu i tochnuyu lokalizaciyu (koordinaty), chto vazhno dlya nablyudenii v optike. Krome kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov sputnik videl vspleski istochnikov povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskov i drugie yavleniya, v pervuyu ochered' t.n. rengenovskie vspyshki, o kotoryh by neodnokratno pisali. Avtory polagayut, chto rentgenovskie vspyshki - eto vneosevye gamma-vspleski (sm. vyshe komentarii k stat'e Vaksmana). Odnako, zdes' eshe predstoit mnogo proverok - daleko ne vse kollegi razdelyayut optimizm avtorov stat'i v etom voprose.


Seriya statei po radiopul'saram

Vypusk 57. 22-30 sentyabrya

astro-ph/0309824 Gipernovaya (gamma-vsplesk) v centre Galaktiki kak vozmozhnyi istochnik galakticheskih pozitronov (Hypernovae/GRB in the Galactic Center as possible sources of Galactic Positrons)
Authors: M. Casse et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 0 figures, submitted ApJ Lett

Pribory, ustanovlennye na observatorii INTEGRAL, zaregistrirovali sil'noe i protyazhennoe izluchenie vyzvannoe annigilyaciei pozitronov i elektronov v oblasti baldzha Mlechnogo Puti. Nalichie stol' sushestvennogo izbytka pozitronov trebuet svoego ob'yasneniya. Odno iz vozmozhnyh: nekotoroe vremya nazad v central'noi oblasti nashei Galaktiki (ne obyazatel'no v samom centre) proizoshla vspyshka gipernovoi, soprovozhdavshayasya gamma-vspleskom.


Vypusk 56. 13-20 sentyabrya 2003

astro-ph/0309415 Mog li gamma-vsplesk vyzvat' poslednee massovoe vymiranie vidov v Ordovikskom periode? (Did a gamma-ray burst initiate the late Ordovician mass extinction?)
Authors: A. Melott et al.
Comments: 10 pages, no figures.

Po krainei mere pyat' raz v istorii Zemli proishodilo massovoe vymiranie vidov - ischezal sushestvennyi procent sushestvovavshih k tomu momentu vidov, snizhalas' obshaya chislennost' zhivyh sushestv. Bylo predlozheno mnogo ob'yasnenii etih fenomenov, odno iz nih - gamma-vspleski. Izluchenie gamma-vspleska vidno iz lyubogo ugolka Vselennoi. Podobnaya vspyshka v nashei Galaktike mozhet okazat' sushestvennoe vozdeistvie na biosferu Zemli.

Kak gamma-vsplesk vozdeistvuet na biosferu Zemli? Pryamoe vozdeistvie izlucheniya gamma-vspleska na zhivye sushestva, po-vidimomu, neveliko. Sushestvenno bolee vazhnym okazyvaetsya dissociaciya molekul azota N2 i kisloroda O2. Himicheskie radikaly azota, voznikayushie v etom processe, vynosyatsya v verhnie sloi atmosfery i razrushayut ozonovyi sloi. Na ego vosstanovlenie uhodit ot neskol'kih mesyacev do neskol'kih let, vse eto vremya poverhnost' Zemli podvergaetsya moshnomu oblucheniyu solnechnym ul'trafioletom. Krome togo v atmosfere obrazuetsya okis' azota NO2, kotoraya pogloshaet vidimyi svet i mozhet vyzvat' global'noe snizhenie temperatury na poverhnosti Zemli.

Poslednee vymiranie vidov, sluchivsheesya v Ordovike, harakterno tem, chto vymiranie morskih sushestv zaviselo ot glubiny ih obitaniya (sil'nee vsego postradali vidy zhivushie u poverhnosti). Eto yavnoe ukazanie na to, chto prichinoi etogo vymiraniya bylo rezkoe usilenie ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya, vozmozhno vyzvannoe blizkim gamma-vspleskom. Odnovremenno vsplesk vyzyvaet kratkovremennoe global'noe poholodanie takzhe usilivshee processy vymiraniya.


astro-ph/0309456 Edinaya model' dzheta dlya rentgenovskih vspyshek i gamma-vspleskov (A Unified Jet Model of X-Ray Flashes and Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: D. Q. Lamb, T. Q. Donaghy, C. Graziani
Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in proc. 2nd VERITAS Symposium on TeV Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois

Na samom dele stoit prochest' celyh chetyre novye raboty: etu, astro-ph/0309455, astro-ph/0309463 i astro-ph/0309504. My pisali o dzhetah, vzryvah sverhnovyh i ih svyazi s gamma-vspleskami. Pisali my i o rentgenovskih vspyshkah... Don Lemb i ego soavtory obsuzhdayut mozhno li v ramkah odnoi modeli ob'yasnit' i gamma-vspleski i rentgenovskie vspyshki. Delo v tom, chto po dannym HETE-2 eti yavleniya ochen' pohozhi. Razbiraya dve konkuriruyushie modeli. V odnoi struktura vseh dzhetov odinakova, a raznye nablyudatel'nye proyavleniya svyazany s tem, chto my smotrim na vspleski pod raznymi uglami k osi dzheta. V drugoi dzhety besstrukturny, zato raznye vspleski imeyut raznyi ugol rastvora dzheta. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto vtoruyu model' mozhno soglasovat' so vsem kompleksom nablyudenii, v to vremya kak pervaya natalkivaetsya na nepreodolimye trudnosti. Otmetim, odnako, chto okonchatel'nye vyvody delat' rano.


astro-ph/0309462 Nauchnye dostizheniya HETE-2 (Scientific Highlights of the HETE-2 Mission)
Authors: D.Q.Lamb et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 9 figures.

Posle zapuska v oktyabre 2000 g. rentgenovskii sputnik HETE-2 ochen' produktivno porabotal. Nesmotrya na ostal'nuyu nauchnuyu programmu, osnovnymi ego uspehami okazalis' gamma-vspleski, kotoryh on uzhe zaregistriroval 250 (iz nih 43 - s lokalizaciei na nebe). Sputnik podtverdil svyaz' mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i sverhnovymi tipa Ic. [Prim.: Eta svyaz' na segodnyashnii den' eshe ne dokazana.] i etot rezul'tat avtory obzora schitayut luchshim v dannom eksperimente. Takzhe ustanovleno, chto izotropnoe energovydelenie gamma-vspleskov (ocenka energii vspleska, sdelannaya v predpolozhenii izotropii ego izlucheniya) strogo korelliruet s ih krasnymi smesheniyami, t.e. ob'ekty porozhdayushie gamma-vspleski ispytyvayut kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu. Krome togo HETE-2 provel ryad nablyudenii rentgenovskih oreolov gamma-vspleskov i reshil problemu "opticheski temnyh" vspleskov.

Sputnik HETE-2.


Vypusk 53. 10-22 avgusta 2003
obzor astro-ph/0308248 Vpered, k polnoi teorii gamma-vspleskov (Towards a complete theory of Gamma Ray Bursts)
Authors: Arnon Dar, A. De Rujula
Comments: Submitted to MNRAS. 77 pages, 37 figures

Avtory dannogo obzora priderzhivayutsya "al'ternativnoi" teorii mehanizmov gamma-vspleskov (po-vidimomu, oni edinstvennye ee storonniki). Odnako v obzore chast', posvyashennaya etoi teorii, zanimaet nemnogo mesta, zato udachno sobran mnogochislennyi fakticheskii material. Poetomu ya rekomenduyu ego tem, kogo interesuet etot neobychnyi fenomen.


Vypusk 51. 21-31 iyulya 2003

astro-ph/0307489 Obnaruzhimost' poslesvechenii ot gamma-vspleskov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Detectability of Long GRB Afterglows from Very High Redshifts)
Authors: L. J. Gou et al.
Comments: ApJ, subm. 23 pages, 7 figures

Soglasno dvum naibolee pravdopodobnym modelyam gamma-vspleskov ih proishozhdenie svyazano s massivnymi zvezdami (odinochnymi ili dvoinymi), a takie sistemy evolyucioniruyut ochen' bystro i prekrasno otslezhivayut temp rozhdeniya zvezd. Dlya togo, chtoby ocenit' parametry vspleska i okruzhayushei ego sredy, neobhodimo postroit' krivuyu bleska ego oreola (poslesvecheniya) na samom rannem etape ego sushestvovaniya: spustya chasy posle vspleska. Chasto eto sdelat' ne uspevayut. Esli zhe vsplesk proizoidet na bol'shom krasnom smeshenii (~10-20), to iz-za kosmologicheskogo zamedleniya vremeni krivaya bleska budet v neskol'ko raz rastyanuta i interesuyushie nas sobytiya proizoidut pozzhe, cherez 1-2 sutok. Iz-za krasnogo smesheniya oreol budet svetit' ne v optike, a v blizhnem infrakrasnom diapazone, eto ne sostavlyaet problem dlya nazemnyh teleskopov. Trudnee budet zaregistrirovat' takoe sobytie (kak sam vsplesk, tak i ego oreol) iz-za bol'shoi udalennosti i poglosheniya na luche zreniya.

Ocenki, sdelannye avtorami dannoi raboty pokazyvayut, chto rabotayushaya segodnya rentgenovskaya observatoriya Chandra i planiruemyi k zapusku Swift smogut registrirovat' gamma-vspleski do krasnyh smeshenii z~13 i 30, sootvetstvenno. A naibolee krupnye nazemnye teleskopy budut sposobny zafiksirovat' svechenie oreola cherez sutki posle vspleska v infrakrasnyh polosah K i M vplot' do z~33! Takim obrazom predlozhennaya ideya vyglyadit vpolne real'noi.


astro-ph/0307435 Fotometriya i spektroskopiya gamma-vspleska GRN 030329 i ego svyaz' so sverhnovoi 2003dh: pervye dva mesyaca (Photometry and Spectroscopy of GRB 030329 and its Associated Supernova 2003dh: The First Two Months)
Authors: T. Matheson et al.
Comments: 42 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ

V rabote priveden ogromnyi massiv nablyudenii oreola gamma-vspleska 29 marta 2003 g. v opticheskom i infrakrasnom diapazonah (kak fotometriya, tak i spektry). Nablyudeniya velis' s 30 marta po 29 maya na razlichnyh teleskopah v raznyh chastyah sveta. Avtory yavlyayutsya storonnikami gipotezy o svyazi dannogo vspleska so sverhnovoi i utverzhdayut, chto na 7 den' posle vspyshki v spektre oreola nachinaet nablyudat'sya harakternyi spektr sverhnovoi, a primerno s 11-go dlya eto izluchenie dominiruet. Po svoim svoistvam dannaya sverhnovaya pohozha na pekulyarnuyu sverhnovuyu SN1998bw tipa Ic, associiruemuyu s gamma-vspleskom GRB 980425.


Spektr oreola GRB 030329 na 26 den' i vpisannyi v nego spektr, sostoyashii na 61% iz izlucheniya sverhnovoi 1998bw i na 39% iz nepreryvnogo izlucheniya tipichnogo oreola gamma-vspleska.

Bolee podrobnyi obzor rezul'tatov po dannomu gamma-vsplesku priveden v stat'e S.I.Blinnikova.

Vypusk 50. 8-18 iyulya 2003

astro-ph/0307279 Vozmozhnyi klass blizkih gamma-vspleskov i istochnikov gravvoln (Possible Class of Nearby Gamma-Ray Burst / Gravitational Wave Sources)
Authors: Jay P. Norris
Comments: Invited talk at "The Astrophysics of Gravitational Wave Sources" Workshop; April 24-26, 2003, U. Maryland; 10 pages, 5 figures

Bolee-menee vse uvereny, chto gamma-vspleski - eto moshnye vzryvy na kosmologicheskih rasstoyaniyah. Takzhe vse gotovy soglasit'sya, chto izvestnye gamma-vspleski mogut ne predstavlyat' odnorodnoi vyborki. Po-krainei mere chetko vydelyayutsya dva klassa vspleskov: kototkie i myagkie (po spektru) i dlinnyei zhestkie. Dovol'no chasto raznye avtory pytayutsya vydelit' drugie klassy i/ili podklassy.

V etoi stat'e avtor vydelyaet klass istochnikov, kotorye harakterizuyutsya nebol'shim kolichestvom shirokih impul'sov (napomnim, chto vsplesk mozhet sostoyat' iz odnogo pika, iz neskol'kih pikov ili zhe byt' ochen' sil'no izrezannym).


Krivye bleska samyh raznyh vspleskov mozhno posmotret' zdes':
http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/batse/grb/lightcurve/

Izuchenie krivoi Log[N]-Log[Fp] dlya etih istochnikov pokazyvaet, chto oni dolzhny byt' dostatochno blizkoi populyaciei. Avtor predlagaet ih svyaz' so sverhnovymi tipa Ib/c. Bezuslovno, eto poka lish' gipoteza.


astro-ph/0307290 Ob'yasneniya polyarizacii gamma-vspleska GRB 021206 (Implications of the gamma-ray Polarization of GRB 021206)
Authors: Ehud Nakar, Tsvi Piran and Eli Waxman
Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures

V stat'e delaetsya popytka ob'yasnit' poslednee nedavnee otkrytie v oblasti gamma-vspleskov - obnaruzhenie vysokogo urovnya polyarizacii (do 70%) sobstvennogo izlucheniya gamma-vspleska v sobytii GRB 021206.

Avtory rassmotreli dva scenariya, v kotoryh izluchenie gamma-vspleska porozhdaetsya sinhrotronnym obrazom v dzhete, no v pervom sluchae magnitnoe pole dzheta predpolagaetsya odnorodnym, vo vtorom - sluchainym. Oba scenariya predskazyvayu vysokuyu polyarizaciyu izlucheniya (do 40-45% v pervom sluchae i do 30-35% - vo vtorom). Dlya ob'yasneniya nablyudaemogo urovnya polyarizacii velichina polya na poverhnosti kompaktnogo ob'ekta dolzhna byt' poryadka 1012 Gs. Polucheny nekotorye ogranicheniya na ugol rastvora dzheta.

Navernyaka vozmozhny i drugie ob'yasneniya nablyudavshegosya yavleniya.



Vypusk 48. 23-30 iyunya 2003


hep-ph/0306140 Gamma-vspleski i sociologiya nauki (Gamma-ray bursts and the sociology of science)
Authors: A. De Rujula
Comments: 16 pages, 8 figures. To be published in the Proceedings of the Neutrino Telescopes Workshop, Venice 2003

Avtor rassmatrivaet izuchenie gamma-vspleskov (tochnee ih oreolov, kotoroe intensivno idet poslednie neskol'ko let) v ramkah dvuh modelei: obshepriznannoi modeli "ognennogo shara" (fireball) i prakticheski ne priznavaemoi modeli "pushechnogo yadra" (cannonball). Sam avtor yavlyaetsya chlenom nemnogochislennoi nauchnoi gruppy, kotoraya podderzhivaet poslednyuyu model'. [Eta chast' dostatochno populyarna i interesna sama po sebe.]

Avtor obrashaet vnimanie na to, chto nepriznannaya model' "pushechnogo yadra" ne protivorechit nikakim nablyudatel'nym dannym i obradaet ne men'shimi predskazatel'nymi vozmozhnostyami, chem model' "ognennogo shara". Edinstvennoi ee problemoi yavlyaetsya "ne priroda ... a lyudi". Podobnyi podhod k izucheniyu razlichnyh problem tipichen v "post-akademicheskoi" nauke i vstrechayutsya v fizike vysokih energii, astrofizike i dazhe pri izuchenii drevnih yazykov.

[Trudno skazat' yavlyaetsya li eta stat'ya "zlobnym vypadom" avtora besprichinno otvergnutoi gipotezy ili spokoinym filosofskim rassuzhdeniem o neprostyh putyah razvitiya nauki.] V lyubom sluchae stat'ya ochen' zhivaya i interesnaya.

Vypusk 47. 16-21 iyunya 2003

astro-ph/0306347 Ochen' energichnaya sverhnovaya, associiruyushayasya s gamma-vspleskom 29 marta 2003 goda (A very energetic supernova associated with the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003)
Authors: J.Hjorth et al.
Comments: 19 pages, 3 figures

Pervoi sverhnovoi, vspyshku kotoroi svyazali s gamma-vspleskom, byla blizkaya sverhnovaya SN 1998bw (a gamma-vsplesk - GRB980425). Krasnoe smeshenie u 1998bw bylo ravno z=0.0085, chto sootvetstvuet rasstoyaniyu ~37 Mpk. Posle etogo sobytiya proyavleniya sverhnovyh stali "obnaruzhivat'" u mnogih drugih gamma-vspleskov. (Slovo obnaruzhivat' vzyato v kavychki potomu, chto vo vseh sluchayah obnaruzhivalis' ne bolee chem "ukazaniya na prisutstvie sverhnovyh", smotri, naprimer, ANKu ot 21 iyunya 2003 g.) So sverhnovoi 1998bw byli i drugie problemy: 1) nebol'shoe, no znachimoe, nesovpadenie polozheniya rentgenovskogo oreola gamma-vspleska so sverhnovoi; 2) esli dannaya associaciya verna, to polnaya energiya vspleska (pri izotropii ego izlucheniya) sostavlyala by vsego ~8.1047 erg, chto na neskol'ko poryadkov men'she, chem u samogo slabogo vspleska s izmerennym rasstoyaniem.

Vsplesk GRB030329 okazalsya vtorym (a mozhet byt' pervym) po blizosti k nam. Ego krasnoe smeshenie, izmerennoe avtorami dannoi stat'i na eshele-spektrografe teleskopa VLT (diametrom 8 m), okazalos' ravnym z=0.1685, chto sootvetstvuet rasstoyaniyu ~810 Mpk pri WL=0.7 i H0=70 km/s/Mpk. Energiya etogo vspleska byla vpolne tipichnoi ~9.1051 erg (v diapazone energii 30-400 keV pri izotropnom izluchenii).

S pomosh'yu teleskopa VLT byla proslezhena spektral'naya evolyuciya opticheskogo oreola GRB030429 v intervale 5-30 dnei posle vspleska. Pervye spektry (3 i 8 aprelya) imeyut pochti stepennoi vid, no po mere zatuhaniya oreola spektr stanovilsya vse bolee pohozh na spektr sverhnovoi 1998bw (na pozdnei stadii). Etot fakt ne dokazyvaet svyazi GRB030429 so vspyshkoi sverhnovoi, no yavlyaetsya sil'nym argumentom v pol'zu dannoi idei. Eshe odin argument - sovpadenie predpolagaemogo momenta vspyshki sverhnovoi s gamma-vspleskom.


Spektry opticheskogo oreola gamma-vspleska GRB 030429

Stat'ya budet opublikovana v zhurnale Nature 423, 847-850 (2003).


Vypusk 46. 1-15 iyunya 2003

astro-ph/0306137 Pervye chasy opticheskogo poslesvecheniya ot GRB 030329 (First hours of the GRB 030329 optical afterglow)
Authors: R.A.Burenin et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters

Odin iz samyh yarkih gamma-vspleskov vspyhnul 29 marta 2003 g. Ego opticheskoe poslesvechenie nablyudalos' na 1.5 metrovom Rossiisko-Tureckom teleskope RTT150 (observatoriya Tubitak, Turciya). Nablyudeniya nachalis' spustya 6 chasov posle vspleska. V techenie pervyh 5 chasov nablyudenii blesk poslesvecheniya padal po strogomu stepennomu zakonu s pokazatelem -1.19+-0.01 vo vseh fil'trah (B, V, R i I). Zatem on izmenilsya na bolee krutoi (s pokazatelem primerno -1.9), tochka izloma nahoditsya na moment primerno 0.57 dnya posle vspleska.

Strelkami na izobrazhenii pokazany poslesvechenie (sleva) i zvezda sravneniya (sprava vverhu) Krivaya bleska opticheskogo poslesvecheniya gamma-vspleska GRB 030329

Russkuyu versiyu stat'i mozhno prochest' zdes'.


Vypusk 43. 12-16 maya 2003

astro-ph/0305258 Nablyudeniya myagkih povtornyh gamma-vspleskov s BeppoSAX (Observation of Soft Gamma Repeaters with BeppoSAX)
Authors: Marco Feroci (IASF/CNR, Rome)
Comments: BeppoSAX Review at the Marsala Workshop on Pulsars, SGRs and AXPs (23-25 September 2002)

Samoe izvestnoe otkrytie, kotoroe sdelal rentgenovskii sputnik BeppoSAX, eto, konechno, lokalizaciya obychnyh gamma-vspleskov (po rentgenovskim i opticheskim poslesvecheniyam). No on issledoval i mnogo drugih istochnikov, naprimer, myagkie povtornye gamma-vspleski (SGR, Soft Gamma Repeaters), kotorym posvyashen dannyi mikro-obzor. BeppoSAX 15 raz nablyudal tri iz chetyreh izvestnyh SGR, zatrativ na eto primerno 10 sutok. Chto on otkryl? Chto uvidel?

  • Pervoe i samoe vazhnoe - gigantskaya vspyshka 27 avgusta 1998 g. ot istochnika SGR 1900+14, podobnaya vspyshke 5 marta 1979 g., v kotoroi byl otkryt pervyi SGR (tot zhe 1900+14), no eshe bolee moshnaya.
  • Otkrytie teplovogo komponenta izlucheniya ot SGR 1900+14.
  • Otozhdestvlenie gamma-istochnika SGR 1627-41 (poslednego iz otkrytyh SGR) v rentgenovskom diapazone. Etot process uslozhnyalsya tem, chto ryadom s istochnikom raspolozhen ostatok sverhnovoi.
  • + utochnenie periodov + detal'noe issledovanie vspyshek + ...

Vypusk 42. 1-9 maya 2003


miniobzor astro-ph/0305066 Fotony vysokih energii, neitrino i gravitacionnye volny ot kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov (High Energy Photons, Neutrinos and Gravitational Waves from Gamma-Ray Bursts)
Authors: P. Meszaros et al.
Comments: Invited talk to appear in Procs. of the first Niels Bohr Summer Institute, "Beaming and Jets in Gamma Ray Bursts", Eds. R. Ouyed, J. Hjorth and A. Nordlund (2003), 14 pages, 6 figures

V etom nebol'shom obzore avtory pytayutsya dat' svoi predskazaniya po povodu togo, chto uvidyat ot gamma-vspleskov novye eksperimenty v gamma-astronomii, neitrinnoi astronomii, gravitacionno-volnovoi astronomii.

Sovremennye scenarii vozniknoveniya gamma-vspleska vklyuchayut v sebya kak minimum moshnyi vzryv (gipernovaya ili sliyanie kompaktnyh ob'ektov) i dzhet (t.e. izluchenie kollimirovanno). Vse eto estestvennym obrazom privodit k generacii zhestkogo izlucheniya, uskorennyh chastic, vysokoenergetichnyi neitrino i gravitacionnyh voln. Poetomu potencial'no gamma-vspleski yavlyayutsya istochnikami vsego etogo, znachit mozhno nadeyat'sya vse eto uvidet'.

Novyh eksperimentov mnogo: LIGO i VIRGO - dlya poiska gravvoln, ICECUBE - dlya registracii neitrino, Auger - dlya registracii kosmicheskih luchei (v tom chisle i ochen' vysokih energii). Sootvetstvenno dlya nih i delayutsya predskazaniya.

Konechno, v scenarii vozniknoveniya gamma-vspleska eshe mnogo neyasnogo. Poetomu est' mnogo neopredelennostei, kotorye ne dayut dat' tochnyi prognoz (naprimer, skol'ko neitrino i kakih energii my mozhem ozhidat' ot ....). Razumeetsya, hochetsya verit' v horoshee - v to, chto horoshie predskazaniya sbudut'sya, i novye eksperimenty poluchat' novye pozitivnye rezul'taty (a ne verhnie predely) po gamma-vspleskam.


astro-ph/0305115 Gamma-vspleski kak rentgenovskie repery Vselennoi (Gamma-ray bursts as X-ray depth-gauges of the Universe)
Authors: P. Meszaros, M.J. Rees
Comments: 10 pages, subm. to ApJ(Lett.), 5/7/03

Avtory detal'no rassmatrivayut rentgenovskie poslesvecheniya kosmicheskih gamma-vspleskov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Vazhnym vyvodom yavlyaetsya predskazanie sil'nyh rentgenovskih spektral'nyh linii, voznikayushih cherez neskol'ko minut posle nachala vspleska. Takie linii (eto linii zheleza) mogut pomoch' v neposredstvennom opredelenii krasnogo smesheniya istochnika.

T.o. obrazom mozhet vozniknut' interesnaya situaciya. Dolgoe vremya priroda gamma-vspleskov byla neyasna, t.k. ne mogli tochno opredelit' rasstoyanie do nih. Teper' zhe, esli takie rentgenovskie linii budut obnaruzheny, gamma-vspleski stanut odnim iz osnovnyh reperov na bol'shih (bol'she 3-6 do 30) krasnyh smesheniyah!


Vypusk 41. 25-30 aprelya 2003


astro-ph/0304521 Nablyudeniya oblasti gamma-vspleska 980425 s XMM-N'yuton (XMM-Newton Observations of the Field of Gamma-Ray Burst 980425)
Authors: E.Pian et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures

Gamma-vsplesk 980425 vspyhnul 25 aprelya 1998 goda, chto yasno iz ego oboznacheniya.A cherez neskol'ko dnei ryadom s nim (samoe bol'shee v neskol'kih uglovyh minutah) byla obnaruzhena sverhnovaya 1998bw. Gipoteza o tom, chto gamma vspleski mogut byt' svyazany so vspyshkami sverhnovyh vyskazyvalas' ochen' davno (vprochem v kachestve prichin gamma-vspleskov za 30 let ih izucheniya bylo predlozheno vse chto tol'ko vozmozhno - ot komet, vspyshek na obychnyh i neitronnyh zvezdah do vzryvov gipernovyh i sliyaniya dvoinyh kompaktnyh zvezd), no eto bylo pervoe eksperimental'noe obnaruzhenie takoi svyazi. Do sih por tak i ne ustanovleno byli li eti sobytiya dvumya proyavleniyami odnoi prichiny ili zhe eto sluchainoe sovpadenie (hotya i ochen' maloveroyatnoe - neskol'ko uglovyh minut po uglu i menee odnogo dnya po vremeni).

rentgenovskaya observatoriya XMM-N'yuton otnablyudala oblast' vokrug GRB980425/SN1998bw v marte 2002 goda. Vot ee izobrazhenie.

Nablyudeniya s borta XMM podtverzhdayut sovpadenie gamma-vspleska so sverhnovoi. Krome togo potok ot SN 1998bw okazalsya nizhe, chem ozhidalos', t.e. ee blesk nachal spadat' bystree.



Vypusk 38. 01-11 aprelya 2003
GRB 030329

29 marta vspyhnul gamma-vsplesk s ochen' yarkim opticheskim poslesvecheniem. O nem pisali prakticheski vse novostnye saity (sm. novosti na Astronete, Membrane, Pereplete).
Kratko ukazhem, chto novogo uznali.

Za proshedshee vremya v arhivah uspelo poyavit'sya tri stat'i:
"Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329"
Optical Limits on Precursor Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with Known Redshift
The Supernova associated with GRB 030329.

Pervaya stat'ya posvyashena sverhnovoi (tochnee skazhem tak "ob'ektu, pohozhemu na sverhnovuyu"), associiruemoi s gamma-vspleskom.

Vo vtoroi rabote rech' idet o predelah na opticheskii prekursor. Prekursor - eto predvestnik osnovnogo vspleska. Tak vot u GRB 030329 do vspleska v optike nichego ne vidno, i eto samyi zhestkii predel na segodnyashnii den'. Takie dannye stavyat zhestkie ogranicheniya na modeli.

Tret'ya rabota napisana teoretikami razvivayushimi svoyu model' vzryva - model' pushechnogo yadra (Cannonball). Razumeetsya, poyavlenie stat'i govorit o tom, chto v ramkah ih modeli vse horosho opisyvaetsya, no ne budem toropit'sya ...


nucl-th/0304026 Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v kompaktnyh zvezdah i gamma-vspleski (Color Superconductivity in Compact Stars and Gamma Ray Bursts)
Authors: A. Drago et al.
Commets: 15 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Seichas strannymi zvezdami uzhe nikogo ne udivish'. Da i gamma-vspleskami tozhe. No vot ih vzaimosvyaz'yu ....

V principe ideya ne nova: pri t.n. dekonfainmente (perehode v kvarkovoe sostoyanie) mozhet vydelyat'sya mnogo energii, ochen' mnogo. Nastol'ko mnogo, chto etogo hvatit na gamma-vsplesk. V dannoi stat'e avtory podrobno rassmatrivayut effekty t.n. cvetnoi sverhprovodimosti (color superconductivity). Krome togo, oni pytayutsya byt' blizhe k real'nosti, sravnivaya svoi raschety s real'nymi nablyudatel'nymi dannymi. Vrode by u nih vse poluchaetsya ...



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