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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie
(Arhiv Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie:
v.2, 2003, v.1, 2002-2003)

Vypusk 199. 01-13 noyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0811.0441 Vvedenie v gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie (Introduction to gravitational microlensing)
Authors: Shude Mao
Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures, list of problems with solutions

Horoshii kompaktnyi obzor po mikrolinzirovaniyu. Skoree dazhe lekciya, gde ponyatno razobrany osnovnye voprosy. Odnako obzorov mnogo. Etot interesen eshe i tem, chto v konce privoditsya spisok horoshih zadach po linzirovaniyu s resheniyami. Etim material mozhet byt' polezen i studentam, i prepodavatelyam.


Vypusk 192. 01-14 avgusta 2008

obzor arxiv:0808.0203 Uglovoi moment galaktik i ego korrelyacii (Review: galactic angular momenta and angular momentum correlations in the cosmological large-scale structure)
Authors: Bjoern Malte Schaefer
Comments: 22 pages, 7 figures, invited review for IJMPD

Galaktiki priobretayut uglovoi moment za schet prilivnyh vozdeistvii v processe formirovaniya krupnomasshtabnoi struktury. Razumeetsya, parametry vrasheniya okazyvayut skorrelirovany s drugimi parametrami galaktik i okruzhayushih ih struktur. Vse eto tak ili inache mozhet proyavlyat'sya v nablyudeniyah (v chastnosti, v dannyh po linzirovaniyu). Vsemu etomu i posvyashen dannyi obzor. Napisano otnyud' ne prosto.


Vypusk 187. 01-09 iyunya 2008

arxiv:0806.0025 Malomassivnaya planeta okolo sub-zvezdnogo ob'ekta po dannym o mikrolinzirovanii MOA-2007-BLG-192 (A Low-Mass Planet with a Possible Sub-Stellar-Mass Host in Microlensing Event MOA-2007-BLG-192)
Authors: D.P. Bennett et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Scheduled for the Sept. 1, 2008 issue

Avtory interpretiruyut sobytie mikrolinzirovanie MOA-2007-BLG-192 kak paru iz sub-zvezdnogo ob'ekta (0.06 massy Solnca) i malomassivnoi planety (5 mass Zemli). Odnako, po linzirovaniyu bez opticheskogo otozhdestvleniya nel'zya tochno opredelit' parametry, rech' idet lish' o naibolee veroyatnyh (dostatochno tochno opredelyaetsya lish' otnoshenie mass). S drugoi storony, est' nadezhda vse-taki uvidet' linzu i issledovat' ee (idut nablyudeniya na VLT). V lyubom sluchae, uzhe mozhno utverzhdat', chto my imeem delo s naibolee legkim ob'ektom, okolo kotorogo est' planeta. A vot yavlyaetsya li planeta naibolee legkoi iz izvestnyh, pokazhut budushie nablyudeniya.


Vypusk 186. 16-31 maya 2008

arxiv:0805.4492 Rentgenovskoe mikrolinzirovanie v RXJ1131-1231 i HE1104-1805 (X-ray Microlensing in RXJ1131-1231 and HE1104-1805)
Authors: G. Chartas, C. S. Kochanek, X. Dai, S. Poindexter, G. Garmire
Comments: 20 pages, includes 8 figures, submitted to ApJ

Ne ustayu udivlyat'sya, kakie vozmozhnosti daet gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie dlya izucheniya nerazlichimyh s pomosh'yu sovremennyh priborov ob'ektov. Ideya prosta, prodstav'te sebe linzirovanie dalekogo kvazara: est' kvazar, est' my, a mezhdu nami galaktika, vystupayushaya v roli linzy. No v etoi galaktike est' zvezdy. I oni mogut davat' effekt mikrolinzirovaniya. Istochnikom v dannom sluchae yavlyaetsya akkrecionnyi disk vokrug sverhmassivnoi chernoi dyry v kvazare. V rezul'tate, my mozhem poluchat' ocenki razmera izluchayushei chasti diska. Eto ispol'zovalos' dlya proverki modelei diska (model' Shakury-Syunyaeva horosho podhodit), dlya izucheniya korrelyacii razmera diska s massoi cherynoi dyry i t.d. V ocherednoi stat'ei avtory izuchayut linzirovanie v rentgenovskom diapazone, chto dovol'no netrivial'no. Mozhno ocenit' razmer izluchayushei oblasti. Rezul'tat (menee 6 gravradiusov) nalagaet sushestvennye ogranicheniya na modeli koron diskov v aktivnyh yadrah.


Vypusk 185. 01-15 maya 2008

obzor arxiv:0805.0139 Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie i ego kosmologicheskie primeneniya (Weak Gravitational Lensing and its Cosmological Applications)
Authors: Henk Hoekstra, Bhuvnesh Jain
Comments: 33 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 58

Slaboe linzirovanie yavlyaetsya "poleznym" yavleniem, t.k. pomogaet, naprimer, vyyavlyat' raspredelenie massy v skopleniyah galaktik. T.e., ono ispol'zuetsya kosmologami kak instrument. V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor po etoi teme. Opisyvaetsya bazovaya teoriya, rasskazyvaetsya, kak provodyatsya nablyudeniya i ih obrabotka. Nakonec, obsuzhdayutsya slozhnosti, puti ih preodoleniya i budushie proekty.


Vypusk 182. 18-31 marta 2008

obzor arxiv:0803.4324 Sovremennoe razvitie v gravitacionnom mikrolinzirovanii (Recent Developments in Gravitational Microlensing)
Authors: Andrew Gould
Comments: Review presented at "The Variable Universe: A Celebration of Bohdan Paczynski", 29 Sept 2007, 24 pages incl. 23 figures

Stat'ya soderzhit horoshii obzor po mikrolinzirovaniyu. Rabota budet opublikovana v tome, posvyashennom Bogdanu Pachinskomu. Imenno on v 1986 godu pokazal, chto sovremennye PZS-matricy uzhe pozvolyali provodit' poiski mikrolinzirovaniya. Sobstvenno, s etoi stat'i Pachinskogo i nachalsya bum v etoi oblasti.

Konechno, uzhe Einshtein sdelal vse prostye ocenki, svyazannye s mikrolinzirovaniem, i pokazal, chto veroyatnost' sobytiya mala (v obzore est' interesnye citaty iz Einshteina, sovetuyu posmotret'). Zatem v 1969 gody vyshla stat'ya A. Byalko v Astronomicheskom zhurnale. No do serediny 80-h poiski mikrolinzirovaniya byli by delom beznadezhnym.

Seichas v mire rabotaet neskol'ko grupp, nablyudayushih sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya. Osnovnaya chast' obzora posvyashena novym rezul'tatam. Perechislim lish' temy: nablyudeniya ekzoplanet, opredelenie parametrov linz (napomnyu, chto izmereniya mass odinochnyh zvezd vpervye byli osushestvleny imenno etim metodom), issledovaniya zvezdnyh atmosfer, mikrolinzirovanie na dvoinyh sistemah.


Vypusk 180. 14-29 fevralya 2008 goda

arxiv:0802.1920 Otkrytie analogov Yupitera i Saturna s pomosh'yu gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya (Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn Analog with Gravitational Microlensing)
Authors: B.S.Gaudi et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the 15 February 2008 issue of Science

S pomosh'yu mikrolinzirovaniya vokrug zvezdy s massoi 0.5 solnechnyh, nahodyasheisya na rasstoyanii okolo 1.5 kpk ot nas, otkryty dve planety. Massy sostavlyayut 0.71 i 0.27 massy Yupitera. Rasstoyaniya ot zvezdy 2.3 i 4.6 a.e. T.o., eto ves'ma pohozhe na Yupiter i Saturn v Solnechnoi sisteme.

Dlya analiza otkrytiya planet ponadobilis' dannye mnozhestva observatorii, nablyudavshie dannoi sobytie mikrolinzirovaniya (ono poluchilo kod OGLE-2006-BLG-109).

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


arxiv:0802.2506 Otkrytie kandidata v ochen' yarkie sil'no linzirovannye galaktiki na z~7.6 (Discovery of a Very Bright Strongly-Lensed Galaxy Candidate at z ~ 7.6)
Authors: L. D. Bradley et al.
Comments: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 8 pages, 8 figures

Po dannym nablyudenii na Kosmicheskom teleskope i na Spitcere obnaruzhen interesnyi ob'ekt. Avtory polagayut, chto eto yarkaya sil'no liznirovannaya galaktika na krasnom smeshenii 7-8. Poka eto lish' kandidat - t.e., tochno opredelit' svoistva galaktiki i krasnoe smeshenie ne udaetsya. No, esli ocenka budet podtverzhdena, to eto budet samaya yarkaya (iz izvestnyh na segodnyashnii den') galaktika na stol' bol'shom rasstoyanii ot nas.


Vypusk 177. 10-21 yanvarya 2008 goda

arxiv:0801.1555 Sloanovskii obzor linz. VI: Otkrytie i analiz dvoinogo kol'ca Einshteina (The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VI: Discovery and analysis of a double Einstein ring)
Authors: Raphael Gavazzi et al.
Comments: 15 pages

Otkryt krasiveishii sluchai linzirovaniya: dvoinoe einshteinovskoe kol'co. Dlya etogo nado, chtoby tri galaktiki okazalis' pochti na odnoi pryamoi.


Izobrazhenie dvoinogo kol'ca. Hotya linza pervonachal'no byla otkryta po dannym Sloanovskogo obzora, no kachestvennoe izobrazhenie polucheno uzhe Kosmicheskim teleskopom. Sprava pokazano uvelichennoe izobrazhenie, s kotorogo ubrali galaktiku-linzu.

Galaktika, igrayushaya rol' linzy, nahoditsya na krasnom smeshenii z=0.222. Vnutrennee kol'co - na z=0.609. Gde nahoditsya vtoroe kol'co tochno neizvestno, no skoree vsego eto z=2-5.

V principe, linzy s dvumya galaktikami-istochnikami dolzhny vstrechat'sya ne tak uzh redko: raz na 40-80 sluchaev sil'nogo linzirovaniya. A sil'noe linzirovanie vstrechaetsya primerno raz na 200 massivnyh galaktik rannih tipov. Tem ne menee, krasivoe dvoinoe kol'co einshteina naideno vpervye. Ved' dlya polucheniya dvuh einshteinovskih kolec nado, chtoby vyravnivanie galaktik na odnoi pryamoi bylo ochen' horoshim. Neudivitel'no, chto sdelano eto v ramkah Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba. Prichem, avtoram povezlo: stol' redkii zver' popalsya posle obnaruzheniya primerno 90 linz.

Razumeetsya, bolee dalekaya galaktika linziruetsya ne tol'ko sobstvenno linzoi na z=0.222), no i vtorym (bolee blizkim, z=0.609) istochnikom, poetomu vtoroe kol'co shire. Tak chto situaciya neprostaya. i avtory detal'no ee modeliruyut.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


arxiv:0801.2162 ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) - predlagaemaya ekspertnaya sistema, osnovannaya na sovmestnom poiske s massoi poryadka zemnoi i menee (ARTEMiS (Automated Robotic Terrestrial Exoplanet Microlensing Search) - A possible expert-system based cooperative effort to hunt for planets of Earth mass and below)
Authors: M. Dominik et al.
Comments: 4 pages with 2 eps figures embedded. Accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten as part of the Proceedings of the Joint VOEvent & HTN Workshop "Hot-wiring the Transient Universe" held in Tucson, Arizona (US), June 4-7 2007

Napomnyu, chto poka samaya legkaya planeta (s massoi poryadka 5 zemnyh) byla obnaruzhena metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. Zdes', pravda, nuzhno sdelat' odin kommentarii o metode. My govorim o mikrolinzirovanii, kogda odna zvezda linziruetsya drugoi (ili analogichnym ob'ektom: belym karlikom, neitronnoi zvezdoi, chernoi dyroi, burym karlikom i tp.). Sootvetstvenno, uchenye sledyat odnovremenno za millionami zvezd-istochnikov. Esli pryamo pered odnoi iz nih proletit zvezda-linza, to my uvidim vozrastanie bleska zvezdy-istochnika. Esli u linzy est' sputnik (planeta), to na krivoi bleska budet harakternyi pichok. Analiziruya krivuyu bleska mozhno poluchit' raspredelenie veroyatnostei dlya parametrov linzy (i ee sputnika, esli on est'). No kraine redko udaetsya obnaruzhit' samu linzu! Tak chto nesmotrya na svoyu silu metod mikrolinzirovaniya, v smysle poiska ekzoplanet, imeet i sushestvennye nedostatki: i zvezda-linza i ee sputnik chashe vsego ne nablyudayutsya posle sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya, a parametry ne opredelyayutsya dostatochno dostoverno. Tem ne menee.....

Tem ne menee, v obozrimom budushem tol'ko etot metod mozhet pozvolit' nabrat' bol'shuyu statistiku po legkim planetam. A dlya etogo nado mnogo nablyudat'. A dlya etogo nuzhno mnogo teleskopov-robotov, sovmestnye usiliya i horoshaya obrabotka dannyh. Vot eto-to i yavlyaetsya predmetom stat'i. Vozmozhno, chto i sami zvezdy-linzy udast'sya "vyhvatyvat'".


Vypusk 174. 01-13 dekabrya 2007

arxiv:0712.1052 Nazemnye obzory po poisku peremennyh istochnikov v Centavre A: stoit ili net? (Ground-based variability surveys towards Centaurus A: worthwhile or not?)
Authors: Jelte T. A. de Jong, Konrad H. Kuijken, Philippe Heraudeau
Comments: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Do chego doshel progress! S pomosh'yu skromnyh (2.2 metra) instrumentov lyudi izuchayut peremennye zvezdy v galaktike Centavr A, da eshe nadeyutsya na poiski mikrolinzirovaniya v etoi neblizkoi galaktike! Obnaruzhena 271 peremennaya zvezda. Pokazana effektivnost' metoda nablyudenii.


Vypusk 199. 01-13 noyabrya 2008

obzor arxiv:0811.0441 Vvedenie v gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie (Introduction to gravitational microlensing)
Authors: Shude Mao
Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures, list of problems with solutions

Horoshii kompaktnyi obzor po mikrolinzirovaniyu. Skoree dazhe lekciya, gde ponyatno razobrany osnovnye voprosy. Odnako obzorov mnogo. Etot interesen eshe i tem, chto v konce privoditsya spisok horoshih zadach po linzirovaniyu s resheniyami. Etim material mozhet byt' polezen i studentam, i prepodavatelyam.


Vypusk 172. 01-19 noyabrya 2007

miniobzor arxiv:0711.1614 Poiski planet s pomosh'yu mikrolinzirovaniya: rezul'taty i plany na budushee (Microlensing Searches for Planets: Results and Future Prospects)
Authors: B. Scott Gaudi
Comments: 12 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Extreme Solar Systems," ASP Conference Series, ed. Debra Fischer, Fred Rasio, Steve Thorsett and Alex Wolszczan

Sobstvenno, nazvanie otrazhaet soderzhanie. Nebol'shoi obzor posvyashen odnomu iz metodov poiska ekzoplanet. Sushestvenno, chto etot metod uzhe seichas pozvolyaet obnaruzhivat' nebol'shie planety tipa Zemli. Konechno, ogromnym nedostatkom metoda yavlyaetsya to, chto posle obnaruzheniya sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya zvezda s planetoi mozhet byt' ``uteryana``. Etomu posvyashen epigraf stat'i, s kotorym ya sovetuyu oznakomit'sya :).


arxiv:0711.1617 Zatmennye dvoinye sistemy v Bol'shom i Malom Magellanovyh oblakah po dannym proekta MACHO: vyborka (Eclipsing binary stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from the MACHO project: The Sample)
Authors: Lorenzo Faccioli et al.
Comments: 67 pages, 40 figures, AJ, 2007, 134, 1963

Kak izvestno, soglasno teorii zagovora obzory po mikrolinzirovaniyu byli sdelany, chtoby poluchit' dannye po peremennym zvezdam, poskol'ku inache na nih ne dali by deneg. Eto, konechno, shutka, no v kazhdoi shutke est' dolya yumora. V samom dele, imenno blagodarya proektam po mikrolinzirovaniyu my imeem kolossal'nyi nabor dannyh po peremennym zvezdam raznyh tipov. V dannoi stat'e predstavleny dannye po neskol'kim tysyacham zatmennyh dvoinyh v Magellanovyh oblakah. Analiz chasti dannyh mozhno naiti zdes'.


Vypusk 169. 19-30 sentyabrya 2007

obzor arxiv:0709.4005 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie (Gravitational lensing)
Authors: Olaf Wucknitz
Comments: 6 pages, many colour figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 8th EVN symposium held in Torun, Poland, September 2006

Obzor posvyashen nablyudeniyam linzirovaniya v radiodiapazone pri ispol'zovanii interferometrov so sverhdlinnoi bazoi.


Vypusk 165. 01-13 avgusta 2007

arxiv:0708.1060 Nablyudenie pervogo sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya v bednom zvezdnom pole: Tago (Observation of the first gravitational microlensing event in a sparse stellar field : the Tago event)
Authors: A. Fukui, et al.
Comments: 13 pages

31 Oktyabrya 2006 goda yaponskii lyubitel' astronomii A. Tago obnaruzhil sil'noe (4.5 zvezdnyh velichiny) uvelichenie bleska odnoi iz zvezd v sozvezdii Kassiopei. Okazalos', chto vozrastanie bleska bylo vyzvano mikrolinzirovaniem. V dannoi stat'e avtory detal'no razbirayut dannoe sobytie.

Obychno sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya ishut v bogatyh zvezdnyh polyah. Zdes' zhe vse proishodit ne v napravlenii na blizkuyu galaktiku ili baldzh nashei Galaktiki, a v obychnom (bednom) zvezdnom pole. Eto pervoe takoe sobytie. Krome togo, okazalos', chto istochnikom posluzhila blizkaya i yarkaya zvezda (rasstoyanie okolo 1 kpk, blesk okolo 11.4 velichiny), chto ne udivitel'no, koli uzh my razbiraem takoi neobychnyi sluchai. Tak chto edinym mahom postavleno dva rekorda dlya zvezd-istochnikov v sobytiyah linzirovaniya.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 161. 09-19 iyunya 2007

arxiv:0706.2326 Kosmicheskaya podkova: otkrytie kol'ca Einshteina vokrug gigantskoi krasnoi galaktiki (The Cosmic Horseshoe: Discovery of an Einstein Ring around a Giant Luminous Red Galaxy)
Authors: : V. Belokurov et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ (Letters)

Po dannym Sloanovskogo cifrovogo obzora neba obnaruzheno ocherednoe kol'co Einshteina. Tochnee, ne sovsem celoe kol'co, a "podkova". Nablyudeniya na 6-metrovom teleskope v SAO pokazali, chto linzoi yavlyaetsya gigantskaya krasnaya galaktika.


Vypusk 151. 01-09 marta 2007

astro-ph/0703125 Otkrytie ochen' yarkogo blizkogo sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya (Discovery of a Very Bright, Nearby Gravitational Microlensing Event)
Authors: B. Scott Gaudi et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ, 10 pages, 5 figures. Data available upon request

Avtory obnaruzhili, s pomosh'yu avtomaticheskogo obzora neba, interesnoe sobytie mikrolinzirovaniya. Dostatochno yarkaya (11 zvezdnaya velichina, spektral'nyi klass A0) i blizkaya (1 kpk) zvezda vdrug uvelichila svoi blesk primerno v 40 raz (4 zvezdnye velichiny), potom blesk umen'shilsya do prezhnego znacheniya. Prichem, i pod'em i spad proishodili odinakogo na raznyh dlinah voln. Imenno eta ahromatichnost' i simmetriya izmeneniya bleska govoryat o tom, chto eto linzirovanie.

Avtory polagayut, chto dannyi primer govorit o tom, chto s pomosh'yu nebol'shih avtomaticheskih obzorov neba mozhno zanimat'sya poiskom malomassivnyh zvezd, a takzhe planet, gorazdo bolee effektivno, chem polagali ranee.


Vypusk 148. 13-31 yanvarya 2007

astro-ph/0701488 Pervaya pryamaya registraciya gravitacionnoi mikrolinzy v napravlenii galakticheskogo baldzha (The first direct detection of a gravitational microlens toward the Galactic bulge)
Authors: S. Kozlowski et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures; submitted to ApJ

Obychno, kogda nablyudayut effekt mikrolinzirovaniya, to ob'ekt-linza ostaetsya neizvestnym. Chto-to temnoe i massivnoe proletelo mezhdu nami i istochnikom - i vse. Redko-redko udaetsya potom rassmotret' samu linzu. Vot vpervye razglyadeli zvezdochku, vyzvavshuyu sobytie MACHO-95-BLG-37. Ei okazalas' zvezda tipa Solnca (chut' men'she i holodnee, spektral'nyi klass K2) s massoi okolo 0.6 solnechnyh na rasstoyanii 3.5 kpk ot nas.


Vypusk 145. 11-30 noyabrya 2006

astro-ph/0611736 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie kak instrument dlya izucheniya populyacii kompaktnyh ob'ektov v Galaktike (Gravitational lensing as a probe of compact object population in the Galaxy)
Authors: S. Oslowski, R. Moderski, T. Bulik, K. Belczynski
Comments: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics

Sredi mnozhestva sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya est' neskol'ko, dlya kotoryh ocenka massy govorit o tom, chto linzoi mogla byt' neitronnaya zvezda ili chernaya dyra. S pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya avtory vosproizvodyat populyaciyu odinochnyh neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr v Galaktike i izuchayut vopros o tom, skol'ko sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya mozhno ozhidat' ot etih ob'ektov i kak oni budut raspredeleny na nebe. Rezul'taty takovy: sobytiya proishodyat v osnovnom v predelah 10 gradusov ot napravleniya na centr Galaktiki, temp sobytii - neskol'ko shtuk v god.


Vypusk 134. 12-21 aprelya 2006

obzor astro-ph/0604278 Gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie (Gravitational Microlensing)
Authors: Joachim Wambsganss
Comments: 93 pages, 51 figures; to appear (April 2006) in: Kochanek, C.S., Schneider, P., Wambsganss, J.: "Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak & Micro", Proceedings of the 33rd Saas-Fee Advanced Course; G. Meylan, P. Jetzer, P. North, eds. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg); pp. 457

Ne dumayu, chto chto-to sushestvennoe mozhno dobavit' k etomu obzoru po mikrolinzirovaniyu.


Vypusk 133. 01-11 aprelya 2006

miniobzor astro-ph/0604062 Planetnoe mikrolinzirovanie: ot predskazaniya k otkrytiyu (Planetary Microlensing: From Prediction to Discovery)
Authors: Nicholas James Rattenbury
Comments: Invited review for Modern Physics Letters A, accepted. 15 pages, 6 figures

Podrobnyi obzor, posvyashennyi poisku planet metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. Kak izvestno, neskol'ko planet (v tom chisle ochen' interesnye) uzhe obnaruzheny s pomosh'yu etoi metodiki. Tak chto stat'ya ne chisto teoreticheskaya.


Vypusk 132. 22-31 marta 2006

astro-ph/0603838 Habblovskie dannye isklyuchayut liznirovanie na kosmicheskoi strune (Hubble Imaging Excludes Cosmic String Lens)
Authors: Eric Agol, Craig J. Hogan, Richard M. Plotkin
Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures. Higher quality versions of figures attached as jpegs. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Kak izvestno, grob zabivayut ne odnim gvozdem.

Ne smotrya na to, chto sami avtory gipotezy o tom, chto para galaktik CSL-1 yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom linzirovaniya na kosmicheskoi strune, uzhe otkazalis' ot svoego pervonachal'nogo predpolozheniya, i sdelali eto imenno blagodarya nablyudeniyam na Kosmicheskom teleskope, poyavilas' eshe odna stat'ya, avtory kotoroi "zakryvayut" vozmozhnost' togo, chto my imeem v dannom sluchae delo s kosmicheskoi strunoi.

Yavstvenno pokazano, chto eto dve raznye galaktiki, a ne dva izobrazheniya odnogo i togo zhe ob'ekta.


Vypusk 127. 01-12 fevralya 2006

astro-ph/0602006 Chuvstvitel'nost' mikrolinzirovaniya k planetam zemnyh mass v zone obitaniya (Microlensing Sensitivity to Earth-mass Planets in the Habitable Zone)
Authors: Byeong-Gon Park et al.
Comments: ApJ, submitted

Sovsem nedavno po vsem lentam proshlo soobshenie ob otkrytii ekzoplanety s massoi okolo 3-7 mass Zemli. Otkrytie bylo sdelano metodom mikrolinzirovaniya. V dannoi stat'e obsuzhdaetsya, naskol'ko effektivno smogut budushie proekty po mikrolinzirovaniyu nahodit' planety tipa Zemli v t.n. zonah obitaniya (t.e. na takih rasstoyaniyah ot svoih zvezd, chto usloviya okazyvayutsya podhodyashimi dlya vozniknoveniya belkovoi zhizni).

Rezul'tat, s odnoi storony, ne ochen' uteshitel'nyi. Lish' okolo (na samom dele, menee) odnogo procenta planet s zemnoi massoi iz chisla potencial'no registriruemyh v takih obzorah budut popadat' v zonu obitaniya. Delo v tom, chto zona obitaniya slishkom blizka k zvezde, osobenno pri maloi masse zvezdy. Poslednee obstoyatel'stvo kak raz ochen' vazhno. Ved' malomassivnyh zvezd bol'she. Esli zhe my rassmotrim tol'ko zvezdy s massoi blizkoi k solnechnoi, to tam vse gorazdo luchshe.


Vypusk 122. 11-23 dekabrya 2005

astro-ph/0512359 Mikrosekundnoe linzirovanie na Yupitere (Micro-arcsecond light bending by Jupiter)
Authors: : MT Crosta, F Mignard
Comments: 22 pages, 16 figures. submitted to Class. Quantum Grav

Sputnik GAIA pozvolit nablyudat' otklonenie sveta zvezd v gravitacionnom pole Yupitera. Avtory rassmatrivayut, kakie vozmozhnosti poyavyatsya v svyazi s etim dlya novyh testov Obshei teorii otnositel'nosti. Poskol'ku pro Yupiter mnogo chto izvestno, nablyudeniya pozvolyat promerit' koe-chto interesnoe.


Vypusk 116. 11 sentyabrya - 30 sentyabrya 2005

obzor astro-ph/0509252 Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie (Weak Gravitational Lensing)
Authors: Peter Schneider
Comments: 180 pages, 57 figures, to appear in: Kochanek, C.S., Schneider, P., Wambsganss, J.: Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak & Micro. Lecture Notes of the 33rd Saas-Fee Advanced Course, G. Meylan, P. Jetzer & P. North (eds.), Springer-Verlag: Berlin, p.273

Ogromnyi obzor po slabomu linzirovaniyu.

So slabym linzirovaniem my stalkivaemsya v osnovnom v kosmologii. Linzami v osnovnom vystupayut skopleniya galaktik. Blagodarya effektu slabogo linzirovaniya udaetsya rekonstruirovat' raspredelenie mass v skopleniyah, chto na ruku kosmologam, i v nastoyashee vremya eta metodika aktivno primenyaetsya v astronomii.


Vypusk 110. 15-30 iyunya 2005

astro-ph/0506400 Dal'neishie spektroskopicheskie nablyudeniya istochnika CSL-1 (Further spectroscopic observations of the CSL-1 object)
Authors: M. Sazhin et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ Letters. 5 pages, 3 figures

Avtory prodolzhayut issledovanie ob'ekta, kotoryi schitayut pervym primerom linzy na kosmicheskoi strune. V dannoi stat'e pokazano, chto dva izobrazheniya spektral'no identichny na urovne dostovernosti 99.9%.


Vypusk 109. 01-14 iyunya 2005

astro-ph/0506013 Opredelenie formy zvezdy v sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya MOA 2002-BLG-33 (Determination of stellar shape in microlensing event MOA 2002-BLG-33)
Authors: N. J. Rattenbury et al.
Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures, Accepted by A&A

V rezul'tate nablyudenii mikrolinzirovaniya udalos' opredelit' formu zvezdy-istochnika. Tochnee govorya, udalos' ustanovit' ogranichenie na stepen' ee szhatiya. Otnoshenie bol'shoi poluosi k maloi (schitaya zvezdu ellipsoidom) ogranicheno znacheniyami 1-1.06 so srednim 1.02. T.e. na nizkom urovne znachimosti vse-taki zaregistrirovano szhatie.


Vypusk 105. 21-30 aprelya 2005

astro-ph/0504585 Otkrytie kol'ca Einshteina na bol'shom krasnom smeshenii (Discovery of a high-redshift Einstein ring)
Authors: R. A. Cabanac et al.
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&A Let

Otkryta novaya gravitacionnaya linza. Interesno tut to, chto vo-pervyh, my vidim (pust' i ne ideal'noe) kol'co Einshteina, a vo-vtoryh to, chto i linza i istochnik nahodyatsya na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah. Linza imeet z=0.986, a istochnik z=3.773.


Vypusk 101. 11-20 marta 2005

miniobzor astro-ph/0503315 Astrofizicheskie nablyudeniya: linzirovanie i zatmeniya v teoriyah Einshteina (Astrophysical Observations: Lensing and Eclipsing Einstein's Theories)
Authors: Charles L. Bennett
Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures (resol. Reduced to 85 dpi) Science, vol. 307, pages 879 - 884 (11 February 2005)

Populyarnyi obzor predskazanii teorii otnositel'nosti v astrofizike: gravitacionnoe linzirovanie i gravitacionnoe krasnoe smeshenie, effekt Lenze-Tirringa, gravitacionnye volny i, razumeetsya, kosmologicheskie effekty.


Vypusk 91. 01-14 noyabrya 2004

miniobzor astro-ph/0411222 Pokoisya s mirom: era macho (1974-2004) (RIP: The Macho Era (1974-2004))
Authors: N.W. Evans, V. Belokurov
Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, invited review for "The Fifth International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter", eds N. Spooner, V. Kudryavtsev (World Scientific, Singapore)

Osnovnaya ideya, lezhashaya v osnovanii proekta MACHO - nalichie znachitel'noi massy barionnoi temnoi materii v galo nashei Galaktiki v vide kompaktnyh ob'ektov tipa malomassivnyh zvezd, planet i t.p. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto era MACHO zakonchilas': iskomye ob'ekty ne obnaruzheny. Vse sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya, obnaruzhennye v proektah MACHO i EROS, ob'yasnyayutsya izvestnymi zvezdnymi populyaciyami.


Vypusk 90. 25-31 oktyabrya 2004

astro-ph/0410554 CLASS B2108+213: novaya shirokaya gravitacionnaya linza (CLASS B2108+213: A new wide separation gravitational lens system)
Authors: J.P.McKean et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for MNRAS

U bol'shinstva gravitacionnyh linz rasstoyanie mezhdu izobrazheniyami neveliko. "Shirokih" gravitacionnyh linz, rasstoyanie mezhdu izobrazheniyami v kotoryh sostavlyaet neskol'ko uglovyh sekund(!), izvestno vsego neskol'ko. CLASS B2108+213 - samyi novyi i "samyi shirokii" iz etih ob'ektov. On byl otkryt i issledovan v ramkah radioobzora CLASS (Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey), kotoryi provodilsya na VLA na chastote 8.46 GGc i na MERLIN na 5 GGc. Kak radioizobrazheniya, tak i posleduyushie opticheskie fotografii s Habblovskogo teleskopa, pokazali prisutstvie dvuh linziruyushih galaktik i dvuh izobrazhenii (odno - sil'nee vsego linzirovannoe - s dugoi).

Sverhu izobrazhenie linzy i dvuh galaktik v fil'tre F814 Habblovskogo teleskopa. Na etom snimke dva bol'shih izobrazheniya v centre - linziruyushie galaktiki, vnizu sleva i sprava sverhu - linzirovannye izobrazheniya udalennogo istochnika.
Na nizhnem snimke galaktiki v centr byli "vychteny", linzirovannye izobrazheniya stali vidny gorazdo chetche, osobenno duga vozle verhnego izobrazheniya.


Vypusk 88. 11-17 oktyabrya 2004

astro-ph/0410319 Opticheskaya tolsha po mikrolinzirovaniyu v napravlenii na baldzh Galaktiki po dannym MACHO (Microlensing Optical Depth towards the Galactic Bulge Using Clump Giants from the MACHO Survey)
Authors: P. Popowski et al. (The MACHO Collaboration)
Comments: 40 pages, 16 figures, 12 tables

7 let nablyudenii baldzha nashei Galaktiki prinesli 62 sobytiya gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya. Na osnove 42 sobytii, skoncentrirovannyh v oblasti ploshad'yu 4.5 kv.gradusa udalos' opredelit' tolshu dlya dannyh sobytii v napravlenii na centr etoi ploshadki:

τ = 2.17 (+0.47/-0.38) x 10-6 dlya (l,b) = (1.50o,-2.68o),
Eta cifra v neskol'ko raz men'she, chem poluchavshiesya ranee, no ochen' horosho sovpadaet so starymi teoreticheskim ocenkami.

Krome samoi opticheskoi tolshi nablyudatelyam udalos' opredelit' i ee gradient, kotoryi sostavlyaet

(1.06+/-0.71) x 10-6 grad-1 po galakticheskoi dolgote (b)
(0.29+/-0.43) x 10-6 grad-1 po galakticheskoi shirote (l)

Chitaite takzhe obzor individual'nyh sobytii mikrolinzirovaniya astro-ph/0410341.


katalog astro-ph/0410341 Mikrolinzirovanie v galakticheskom baldzhe po dannym MACHO (Galactic Bulge Microlensing Events from the MACHO Collaboration)
Authors: C.L. Thomas el a.
Comments: 34 pages, 9 figures

V rabote predstavleny dannye o 450 sobytiyah gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya s vysokim otnosheniem signal/shum, zafiksirovannyh v napravlenii na baldzh Galaktiki, v hode eksperimenta MACHO s 1993 po 1999 gg.

Ocenka opticheskoi tolshi otnositel'no mikrolinzirovaniya v ukazannom napravlenii poluchena v stat'e astro-ph/0410319.

Obnaruzheno neskol'ko sobytii, istochniki kotoryh prinadlezhat karlikovoi galaktike Sagittarius (sputniku Mlechnogo Puti).

V stat'e privedeny, v kachestve primerov, 3 krivyh bleska linziruemyh zvezd. Vse krivye bleska (ih 564) dostupny po adresu http://wwwmacho.mcmaster.ca.


Vypusk 87. 01-10 oktyabrya 2004

astro-ph/0410132 Linzirovannye galaktiki na ochen' bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (Very High-Redshift Lensed Galaxies)
Authors: R. Pello et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 225: The Impact of Gravitational Lensing on Cosmology, Y. Mellier and G. Meylan, Eds

V nastoyashee vremya sushestvuet proekt, cel'yu kotorogo yavlyaetsya obnaruzhenie i issledovanie galaktik na z>7 s pomosh'yu gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya. V etom sluchae skopleniya galaktik ispol'zuyutsya kak svoeobraznyi teleskop: massa veshestva skopleniya fokusiruet svet, idushii ot galaktiki, lezhashei daleko za skopleniem. V stat'e predstavleny pervye poluchennye rezul'taty.

Rezul'taty svodyatsya k spisku kandidatov. Vyyavlenie iskazhennyh izobrazhenii dalekih galaktik na fone skopleniya yavlyaetsya ochen' trudnoi zadachei, poetomu avtory podrobno (naskol'ko eto vozmozhno v materialah konferencii) opisyvayut metodiku otbora.

Samyi interesnyi kandidat - A1835-1916, kotoryi, vozmozhno, nahoditsya na z=10.


Vypusk 83. 01-31 avgusta 2004

astro-ph/0408243 Dvoinye linzy v eksperimente OGLE-III: sezon 2002-2003 (Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Seasons 2002-2003)
Authors: M. Jaroszynski et al.
Comments: 24 pages, Latex

V 2002 i 2003 godah v eksperimente OGLE-III bylo zaregistrirovano 851 sobytie gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya. 15 iz nih byli vyzvany dvoinymi linzami, a eshe 15 odinochnymi linzami na dvoinyh istochnikah. Pri prohozhdenii istochnika za dvoinoi linzoi on peresekaet kaustiki, privodyashie k ochen' vysokim i uzkim pikam na krivyh bleska. Polozhenie kaustik pozvolyaet opredelit' ryad parametrov dvoinoi, v chastnosti, otnoshenie mass ee komponentov. Iz 15 dvoinyh linz odna imela anomal'no maloe otnoshenie mass komponentov (q~0.005), dlya ostal'nyh etot parametr lezhal v intervale 0.1<q<1.0. Veroyatno v pervom sluchae linzoi byla zvezda s planetoi-gigantom, a vo vseh ostal'nyh dvoinye zvezdy.


Vypusk 82. 01-31 iyulya 2004

obzor astro-ph/0407232 Prochitannye v Saas Fee lekcii po sil'nomu gravitacionnomu linzirovani. (The Saas Fee Lectures on Strong Gravitational Lensing)
Authors: C.S. Kochanek
Comments: 183 pages, 143 equations and 75 figures!

Ochen' bol'shoi i ochen' podrobnyi obzor po sil'nomu gravitacionnomu linzirovaniyu: dostatochno posmotret' na ego ob'em i chislo illyustracii. Sleduet zametit', chto dannyi - glava iz knigi, posvyashennoi razlichnym "sortam" linzirovaniya, t.o. mozhno ozhidat' poyavleniya eshe neskol'kih obzorov.


Vypusk 77. 01-12 maya 2004

astro-ph/0405143 Usilenie gravitacionnoi linzoi bez dopolnitel'nyh izobrazhenii (Gravitational lensing magnification without multiple imaging)
Authors: Charles R. Keeton (Chicago), Michael Kuhlen (Santa Cruz), Zoltan Haiman (Columbia)
Comments: 15 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ

Mozhet li gravitacionnaya linza dat' usilennoe izobrazhenie udalennogo istochnika, prichem tol'ko odno? Teoreticheski - net, gravitacionnye linzy vsegda sozdayut neskol'ko izobrazhenii. No ostal'nye izobrazheniya mogut byt' ochen' slabymi i my ih ne uvidim. V kachestve tipichnyh mozhno rassmotret' situacii, kogda vtoroe po yarkosti izobrazhenie v 10 ili v 100 raz slabee samogo yarkogo.

Dlya togo, chtoby eto proizoshlo istochnik sveta dolzhen byt' raspolozhen vblizi kaustiki, togda odno iz izobrazhenii (ono i budet samym yarkim) okazhetsya vblizi kriticheskoi krivoi. Usilenie yarkosti ostal'nyh izobrazhenii pri etom neveliko i oni okazyvayutsya vo mnogo raz slabee, chem samoe yarkoe.

V sluchae strogoi sfericheskoi simmetrii linzy kaustika (liniya na kotoroi tochechnyi istochnik usilivaetsya beskonechno) vyrozhdaetsya v tochku v centre linzy, a izobrazhenie istochnika prevrashaetsya v kol'co Einshteina. No bol'shinstvo galaktik imeyut ellipticheskuyu formu (t.e. ne obladayut sfericheskoi simmetriei). Sootvetstvuyushaya situaciya pokazana na risunke.

Na risunke chernym cvetom (zhirnymi tochkami na vstavke v verhnem uglu) vydeleny oblasti v kotoryh glavnoe izobrazhenie okazyvaetsya v 100 i bolee raz yarche ostal'nyh. Bolee shirokie oblasti, pokazannye serym (i melkimi tochkami), sootvetstvuyut otnosheniyu yarkostei v 10 raz.


Vypusk 75. 12-19 aprelya 2004

astro-ph/0404285 "Razreshennaya priroda" sobytiya mikrolinzirovaniya v BMO LMC-5 (Resolving the Nature of the LMC Microlensing Event LMC-5)
Authors: A.J.Drake et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 1 figure, Accepted ApJL

C Habblovskogo teleskopa udalos' obnaruzhit' linzu, otvetstvennuyu za sobytie LMC-5 v Bol'shom Magellanovom Oblake. Eto obychnaya zvezda, karlik spektral'nogo klassa M, na rasstoyanii 578(+65/-53) pk ot nas (opredeleno po trigonometricheskomu parallaksu) i s sobstvennym dvizheniem μ=21.39+/-0.04 mas/god. Takim obrazom podtverzhdenii vliyanie parallaksa na formu privoi bleska etogo sobytiya.


Vypusk 74. 01-11 aprelya 2004

astro-ph/0404131 Nablyudenie istochnikov s z>7 na GTC (Observing z>7 sources with the GTC)
Authors: R.Pello ue al.
Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures

Okolo mesyaca tomu nazad v stat'e (astro-ph/0403025) bylo soobsheno ob otkrytii pervoi galaktiki s z=10 (sm., naprimer, stat'yu na www.astronet.ru). Etot rezul'tat byl poluchen na pervom probnom etape programmy poiska linzirovannyh ob'ektov s z>7. V etoi korotkoi stat'e dano gorazdo bolee podrobnoe opisanie dannoi programmy poiska, ee teoreticheskih osnov, instrumentov, na kotoryh ona provoditsya, i nekotoryh ee rezul'tatov.


Vypusk 73. 16-31 marta 2004

astro-ph/0403543 Temnoe barionnoe galo ne mozhet sostoyat' iz staryh belyh karlikov (Dark halo baryons not in ancient halo white dwarfs)
Authors: M. Creze et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 4 pages, submit to Astron. Astroph.

Rezul'taty eksperimentov MACHO (po mikrolinzirovaniyu) pozvolyayut utverzhdat', chto chislo gravitacionnyh linz ne mozhet ob'yasnit' vse kolichestvo nevidimyh barionov. No eto tol'ko vyvod, a v stat'e podrobno rassmotreno kak on byl poluchen.


Vypusk 71. 23-29 fevralya 2004

astro-ph/0402658 Massovoe linzirovanie na skoplenii Abell 2218: ogranicheniya na geometriyu Vselennoi (Multiple-Images in the Cluster Lens Abell 2218: Constraining the Geometry of the Universe?)
Authors: G. Soucail, J.P. Kneib, G. Golse
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A∧A

Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie eshe odin metod dlya opredeleniya kosmologicheskih parametrov. V bogatom skoplenii Abell 2218 nablyudaetsya stol' bol'shoe chislo sobytii gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (na otdel'nyh galaktikah), chto eti parametry mozhno opredelyat' tol'ko po nim. Parametry okazyvayutsya takimi:

0 < &OmegaM < 0.30 (dlya ploskoi Vselennoi)
ili
0 < &OmegaM < 0.33 i w < -0.85 (dlya ploskoi Vselennoi s kvintessenciei).

Konechno, eti dannye na protivorechat nezavisimym (i bolee tochnym) rezul'tatam WMAP.


Vypusk 70. 16-22 fevralya 2004

astro-ph/0402385 Povtornoe mikrolinzirovanie v sobytii OGLE-2003-BLG-095: mikrolinzirovanie dvoinogo istochnika (The repeating microlensing event OGLE-2003-BLG-095: A plausible case for microlensing of a binary source)
Authors: Matthew J. Collinge (Princeton)
Comments: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables

Kogda (s podachi Bogdana Pachin'skogo) byli nachaty pervye poiski gravitacionnogo mikrolinzirovaniya, eti sobytiya harakterizovalis' sleduyushim obrazom:

  1. monohromaticheskoe - krivaya bleska ne zavisit ot dliny volny sveta;
  2. simmetrichnaya kolokoloobraznaya krivaya bleska (dlya nee est' tochnaya formula);
  3. odnorazovost' - sobytie ne povtoryaetsya (v tom zhe meste na nebesnoi sfere).

Pozzhe, kogda bol'shoe kolichestvo klassicheskih sobytii, udovletvoryayushih trem perechislennym kriteriyam, bylo uzhe obnaruzheno, nachali iskat' situacii, v kotoryh nekotorye iz etih uslovii mogli by narushat'sya.

Monohromatichnost' krivoi bleska mozhet narushat'sya iz-za vliyaniya effekta potemneniya diska zvezdy k krayu ili iz-za togo, chto chast' sveta daet linza.

Narushenie formy krivoi bleska mozhet byt' vyzvano dvoistvennost'yu linzy. Obychno v etom sluchae krivye bleska poluchayutsya ochen' slozhnymi iz-za peresecheniya kaustik. Drugaya prichina - vliyanie parallaksa - ona proyavlyaetsya tol'ko dlya samyh blizkih linz i v samyh dolgih (poryadka goda) sobytiyah mikrolinzirovaniya. Konechnyi parallaks linzy delaet krivuyu bleska slegka nesimmetrichnoi.

Nenarushennym ostavalos' tol'ko poslednee pravilo - sobytiya ne povtoryalis'. Ono narushilos' v sobytii OGLE-2003-BLG-095.


Krivaya bleska sobytiya OGLE-2003-BLG-095

V etom sobytie chetko vidny dva simmetrichnyh pika, razdelennyh intervalom primerno v 100 dnei. Vozmozhny dve interpretacii podobnogo sobytiya:

  1. eto linzirovanie dvoinoi zvezdy;
  2. zvezdy odinochnaya, no linza - shirokaya dvoinaya.

Obe modeli horosho opisyvayut nablyudeniya - zelenaya i krasnaya krivye na risunke. Razlichit' ih, po-vidimomu, ne udastsya iz-za nebol'shoi sobstvennoi peremennosti linzirovannoi zvezdy.

Eshe odnoi neobychnoi mikrolinze OGLE-2002-BLG-055 posvyashena stat'ya astro-ph/0402417. V etom klassicheskoi po svoistvam sobytii odna tochka ochen' sushestvenno, na 0.6 zvezdnoi velichiny, podskochila vverh.


Krivaya bleska sobytiya OGLE-2002-BLG-055

Zdes' tozhe vozmozhny dve interpretacii: dvoinaya linza u kotoroi vtoroi komponent - planeta ili dvoinaya zvezda-istochnik slabyi komponent kotoroi okazalsya gorazdo blizhe k luchu zreniya, chem yarkii.


Vypusk 68. 01-07 fevralya 2004

astro-ph/0402095 Postroenie trehmernoi karty raspredeleniya temnogo veshestva po dannym o slabom linzirovanii v obzore COMBO-17 (Mapping the 3-D dark matter with weak lensing in COMBO-17)
Authors: A.N. Taylor et al.
Comments:Submitted to MNRAS; 21 pages, 18 figures

Postroeno trehmernoe (!) raspredelenie massy dlya sverhskopleniya A901/2, nahodyashegosya na krasnom smeshenii z=0.16. Takoi potryasayushii rezul'tat dostignut blagodarya izoshrennomu analizu dannyh o slabom linzirovanii dalekih istochnikov na etom skoplenii. Razumeetsya, osnovnoi vklad v massu daet temnoe veshestvo, a potomu raspredelenie massy po suti otrazhaet raspredelenie imenno temnoi materii.


Vypusk 67. 26-31 yanvarya 2004

dissertaciya astro-ph/0401542 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie v standartnyh i al'ternativnyh kosmologiyah (Gravitational Lensing in Standard and Alternative Cosmologies)
Authors: Margarita Safonova
Comments: Ph.D. thesis (University of Delhi, 2002)

Kak i polozheno v dissertacii vypisano yavno mnogo poleznyh formul i sdelan neplohoi obzor. Nu i konechno zhe - original'nye rezul'taty.


gr-qc/0312028 Uvelichenie chisla detektiruemyh gravitacionno-volnovyh signalov za schet gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (Increase of the Number of Detectable Gravitational Waves Signals due to Gravitational Lensing)
Authors: M. Arnaud-Varvella, M.-C. Angonin, Ph. Tourrenc
Comments: 34 pages, Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation

Ochen' vazhno nakonec zaregistrirovat' gravitacionno-volnovye signaly! Odnako delo eto ochen' slozhnoe. Poetomu lyudi obsuzhdayut raznye (samye ekzotichnye) idei o tom, kak chislo nablyudaemyh signalov mozhno uvelichit'. Zabavnaya mysl' sostoit v vozmozhnosti uvelicheniya chisla detektiruemyh vspleskov za schet linzirovaniya. V etoi stat'e avtory tshatel'no issledovali etot vopros v primenenii k nazemnym i kosmicheskim interferometram. K sozhaleniyu, vyvody pessimisticheskie: nikakogo ser'eznogo uvelicheniya chisla vspleskov ne poluchaetsya. Esli vas interesuyut tehnicheskie detali i vsyakie podrobnosti - pozhaluista, izuchaite stat'yu.

Vypusk 65. 12-19 yanvarya 2004

astro-ph/0401162 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie na kaustikah temnoi materii (Gravitational Lensing by Dark Matter Caustics)
Authors: Vakif K. Onemli
Comments: 166 pages, PhD Dissertation

Eto dissertaciya. Ochen' bol'shoi ob'em i ochen' mnogo materialov. Sut' ee svoditsya k sleduyushemu: chasticy temnoi materii obladayut ochen' slaby vzaimodeistviem (mozhet byt' poetomu oni do sih por ne zaregistrirovany). Potoki temnoi materii besstolknovitel'ny, t.e. oni svobodno prohodyat kak skvoz' drug druga, tak i cherez obychnoe veshestvo. V mestah, gde odin iz potokov "povorachivaet nazad", voznikayut kaustiki, kotorye razdelyayut oblasti s raznym chislom vzaimopronikayushih potokov temnoi materii. Vblizi kaustik plotnosti nevidimogo veshestva ochen' sil'no rastet i eto ne mozhet ne skazat'sya na ih svoistvah kak gravlinz.


(Arhiv Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie:
v.2, 2003, v.1, 2002-2003)

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