The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Gidrodinamika i MGD
(Arhiv Gidrodinamika i MGD: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
Authors: I. F. Mirabel
Comments: Review based on courses given at international schools for graduate students and post-docs; 13 pages, 7 color figures
Nebol'shoi obzor po gruppe tesnyh dvoinyh sistem, v kotoryh pri akkreciyu na chernye dyry (hotya, pohozhe, est' sistemy i s neitronnymi zvezdami) voznikayut relyativistskie vybrosy (strui), za chto sistemy i prozvali mikrokvazarami.
Authors: H.C. Spruit
Comments: 24 pages
Rassmatrivayutsya astrofizicheskie dzhety i rol' magnitnogo polya v ih formirovanii, a takzhe ego vliyaniya na nablyudaemye svoistva. V chastnosti, rol' magnitnogo polya velika v "zapuske" dzheta: energiya gravitacionnogo polya perekachivaetsya v energiyu vrasheniya v osnovanii dzheta, a ta, s pomosh'yu magnitnogo polya, uzhe perehodit v kineticheskuyu energiyu strui.
Sushestvenno, chto Spruitu opyat' udaetsya sochetat' strogoe izlozhenie s ponyatnym opisaniem s pomosh'yu prostyh formul.
Authors: S. S. Komissarov
Comments: 24 pages, To be published in the proceedings of the APCTP Winter School on Black Hole Astrophysics, 24-29 Jan 2008, Daejeon and Pohang, Korea
Vrashayushiesya chernye dyry imeyut bol'shoi zapas energii, kotoruyu nuzhno umet' zabrat'. Esli eto poluchaetsya, to mozhno zapuskat' moshnye istecheniya - dzhety, - kotorye nablyudayutsya i v dvoinyh sistemah, i v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik. Vozmozhno, chto i v gamma-vspleskah my imeem takuyu zhe situaciyu: vrashayushayasya chernaya dyra, disk i dzhety. Sushestvuet neskol'ko idei, kak mozhno zabirat' u chernoi dyry energiyu. Naibolee populyarnym yavlyaetsya mehanizm, predlozhennyi Blendfordom i Znaekom 30 let nazad. No est' i drugie. Naprimer, mehanizm, osnovannyi na idee Penrouza. V obzore detal'no razbirayutsya mehanizmy ispol'zovaniya energii chernyh dyr i ocenivaetsya ih vazhnost' v real'nyh astrofizicheskih situaciyah. Stat'ya ochen' neprostaya.
Authors: Hantao Ji, Philipp Kronberg, Stewart C. Prager, Dmitri A. Uzdensky
Comments: 21 pages. accepted for publication in Physics of Plasmas
Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi obzor-otchet o nebol'shoi konferencii, posvyashennoi perenosu uglovogo momenta v laboratornoi i astrofizicheskoi plazme. Po-moemu, eto ochen' udachnyi zhanr, kogda s odnoi storony, ne tratitsya vremya na ocherednye "materialy konferencii", a s drugoi daetsya vnyatnoe opisanie problematiki i rezul'tatov, chto gorazdo udachnee prosto sbornika abstraktov.
Authors: W. Schmidt
Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures; proceedings contribution to "Structure formation in the Universe: Chamonix 2007"
Nebol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi dostatochno populyarnomu izlozheniyu togo, kak modeliruyut turbulentnost' voobshe, a v osobennosti v sluchae mezhzvezdnoi sredy.
Authors: I. F. Mirabel
Comments: Review based on courses given at international schools for graduate students and post-docs; 13 pages, 7 color figures
Nebol'shoi obzor po gruppe tesnyh dvoinyh sistem, v kotoryh pri akkreciyu na chernye dyry (hotya, pohozhe, est' sistemy i s neitronnymi zvezdami) voznikayut relyativistskie vybrosy (strui), za chto sistemy i prozvali mikrokvazarami.
Authors: Masahiro N. Machida, Kohji Tomisaka, Tomoaki Matsumoto, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka
Comments: 45 pages,12 figures, Submitted to ApJ
Avtory provodyat trehmernoe chislennoe modelirovanie evolyucii zamagnichennogo molekulyarnogo oblaka s cel'yu vyyasneniya togo, kak obrazuyutsya dvoinye zvezdy. Avtory predskazyvayut, chto u zvezd v ochen' molodyh gruppah dolzhno nablyudat'sya dva pika v raspredelenii po bol'shim poluosyam orbit dvoinyh.
Sm. takzhe arxiv:0709.2886 i arxiv:0709.2887, posvyashennye analogichnym issledovaniyam - obrazovanie zvezd. Zdes' avtory detal'no issleduyut rol' magnitnyh polei pri kollapse oblaka. Vyvody otlichayutsya ot poluchennyh v opisannoi vyshe stat'e.
Authors: O. Steiner
Comments: 48 pages, 33 figures, Lecture notes
Lekcii posvyasheny processam v poverhnostnyh sloyah Solnca. Dannye nablyudenii pokazyvayut inteersnye melkomasshtabnye struktury. S pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya udaetsya ponyat', chto zhe my nablyudaem.
Authors: F. Petrelis, N. Mordant, S. Fauve
Comments: 40 pages, 13 figures
V astrofizike generaciya polya razlichnymi dinamo-mehanizmami igraet ogromnuyu rol'. Okazyvaetsya, i v laboratorii mozhno pytat'sya vosproizvesti takoi process. V stat'e opisyvaetsya tri uspeshnyh eksperimenta i obsuzhdayutsya ih rezul'taty.
Authors: Daniel J. Price, Matthew R. Bate
Comments: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS.
Avtory chislenno modelirovali process zvezdoobrazovaniya s uchetom vliyaniya magnitnyh polei. Rezul'taty raschetov neskol'ko otlichayutsya ot osnovnoi massy analogichnyh rabot, prodelannyh ranee. Rol' magnitnyh polei, po raschetam avtorov, okazyvaetsya ochen' velika. Magnitnoe davlenie sushestvenno prepyatstvuet fragmentacii molekulyarnogo oblaka. V chastnosti, sil'nye polya mogut prepyatstvovat' formirovaniyu tesnyh dvoinyh zvezdnyh sistem, a takzhe planetnyh sistem. Zato mogut obrazovyvat'sya shirokie dvoinye zvezdy (te. sistemy s bol'shim or'ital'nym periodom).
Authors: A. Ciardi et al.
Comments: 34 Pages, 10 Figure, Submitted to Physics of Plasmas
Zamechatel'nyi sintez laboratornyh eksperimentov i chislennogo modelirovaniya, sozdannyi dlya luchshego ponimaniya feericheskih astrofizicheskih fenomenov - struinyh istechenii, nablyudaemyh, v osnovnom, ot akkreciruyushih chernyh dyr.
Authors: Matthew G. Baring
Comments: 13 pages, no figures. Invited review, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, as part of the HEDLA 2006 conference proceedings
Nesmotrya na tematiku obzor prakticheski ne soderzhit formul. Vse klyuchevye momenty razbirayutsya dostatochno populyarno. Obzor soderzhit bol'shoi spisok literatury s uporom na samye svezhie raboty, poetomu ego mozhno rekomendovat' kak horoshee vvedenie v temu.
Authors: A. A. Schekochihin et al.
Comments: IOP latex, 16 pages, 1 figure; invited topical review at International Congress on Plasma Physics, Kiev 22-26 May 2006; accepted for publication in Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
Dovol'no slozhnyi obzor po plazmennoi turbulentnosti v astrofizike (v kachestve prostogo populyarnogo vvedeniya sm. stat'i v "Fizike kosmosa" po turbulentnosti i plazmennoi turbulentnosti). Posvyashen on v pervuyu ochered' teorii, a ne nablyudeniyam.
Authors: A. Lazarian
Comments: 14 pages, 7 figures, invited lecture at Trieste, published in International Journal of Modern Physics 15 (2006) 1
Ocherednoi obzor Lazaryana po MGD turbulentnosti v astrofizike.
Authors: Anatoly Spitkovsky
Comments: Submitted to ApJ Letters
Nesmotrya na to, chto radiopul'sary izvestny uzhe pochti 40 let, mehanizm ih izlucheniya ostaetsya zagadkoi. V poslednie godu novoe pokolenie uchenyh predprinimaet novuyu ataku na dannuyu problemu, ispol'zuya, v osnovnom, chislennyi podhod. Odna iz takih popytok predstavlena v dannoi stat'e.
Drugoi variant izlozheniya toi zhe raboty mozhno naiti v stat'e astro-ph/0603212. Eto 6-tistranichnye trudy konferencii (gde ya, kstati, s Anatoliem i poznakomilsya). Vozmozhno, chto komu-to kratkii variant ponravitsya bol'she.
Authors: A. A. Schekochihin, S. C. Cowley
Comments: latex, 26 pages, 12 figures; an invited chapter in the book "Magnetohydrodynamics: Historical Evolution and Trends" edited by S. Molokov, R. Moreau and H. K. Moffatt, to be published by Springer
Obzor po astrofizicheskoi plazme. Nachinaetsya vse s istorii i osnov. Detal'no rassmotrena plazma solnechnogo vetra i mezhgalakticheskaya sreda v skopleniyah.
Authors: Hidekazu Hanayama et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 2 figures
V astrofizike dostatochno yasna situaciya s tem, kak mozhno putem usileniya nekotorogo zatravochnogo polya ob'yasnit' nablyudaemuyu kartinu magnitnyh polei v galaktikah. Odnako mehanizm, porozhdayushii zatravochnoe pole ostaetsya neizvestnym.
Putem chislennogo modelirovaniya avtory pokazyvayut, chto pole dostatochnoi velichiny mozhet byt' polucheno v ostatkah pervyh sverhnovyh. Generaciya polya proishodit v sloe na granice rasshiryayushegosya puzyrya i mezhzvezdnoi sredy.
Authors: Anvar Shukurov
Comments: 58 pages, 8 figures; to be published in "Mathematical Aspects of Natural Dynamos", EDP Press
Kak izvestno, vo Vselennoi magnitnye polya sushestvuyu na samyh raznyh masshtabah. Est', v tom chisle, i galakticheskoe magnitnoe pole. Ono kak-to bylo sozdano, i ego postoyanno neobhodimo podderzhivat'. Na segodnyashnii den' teoriya galakticheskogo dinamo s odnoi storony dostatochno horosho razrabotana, s drugoi - est' ryad nereshennyh voprosov. Obo vsem etom - v obzore Anvara Shukurova.
Authors: B.M.Gaensler et al.
Comments: 11 pages, 7 embedded.
Magnetizm (elektromagnetizm) - odno iz chetyreh fundamental'nyh fizicheskih vzaimodeistvii. Odnako proishozhdenie magnitnyh polei v zvezdah, galaktikah i ih skopleniyah vo mnogom ostaetsya otkrytoi problemoi. Chto porodilo nachal'nye magnitnye polya? Sovremennye polya voznikli iz nachal'nyh cherez dinamo-effekty ili deistvovali drugie mehanizmy? Na eti i drugie voprosy pytaetsya otvetit' avtor dannogo obzora.
Authors: Wolfgang Kundt, Gopal Krishna
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, submitted to JAA
Dzhety v astrofizicheskih ob'ektah mogut porozhdat'sya dvumya razlichnymi sposobami:
- Gidrodinamicheskim, kogda s samogo nachala osnovnaya energiya soderzhitsya v kineticheskoi energii veshestva dzhetov. Povedenie takih strui opisyvaetsya chistoi gidrodinamikoi, elektromagnitnye polya v nih igrayut pobochnuyu rol'.
- Elektromagnitnye, kogda osnovnaya energiya snachala perenositsya vektorom Pointinga (E x B, kak pishut avtory stat'i). Energiya postepenno peredaetsya uskoryaemoi plazme, postupayushei v dzhet ili porozhdaemoi ego sverhkriticheskim eklekticheskim polem (v etom sluchae plazma budet e+/e-).
Avtoram stati udalos' naiti reshenie, kotoroe opisyvaet vse etapy "zhizni" dzheta: ego vozniknovenie, rasprostranenie i okonchanie. Nekotorye elementy poluchennogo resheniya pokazany na risunkah.
Authors: Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino
Comments: pdf file, 20 pages, 12 figures
Obzor posvyashennyi astrofizicheskim dzhetam (v osnovnom gidrodinamicheskim, v otlichie ot predydushei stat'i astro-ph/0406319). V obzore rassmotreny sleduyushie temy: nablyudaemyi svoistva dzhetov YSO (molodyh zvezdnyh ob'ektov), AGN, mikrokvazarov, teoriya, chislennoe modelirovanie, priroda "uzlov" v dzhetah, rasprostranenie dzhetov, ih precessiya, tormozhenie, vzaimodeistvie so sredoi, "nakonechniki" dzhetov (struktury na ih dal'nih koncah), vliyanie magnitnyh polei, relyativistskie dzhety, mehanizmy kollimacii i, nakonec, nereshennye voprosy.
Authors: S. Lebedev et al.
Comments: Submitted to ApJ. For a version with figures go to http://web.pas.rochester.edu/~afrank/labastro/CW/Jet-Wind-Frank.pdf
Privodyatsya rezul'taty laboratornyh eksperimentov so struyami plazmy. Issledovana rasfokusirovka strui poperechnym potokom veshestva. Vse eto imeet ochevidnye astrofizicheskie prilozheniya k dzhetam v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik i v molodyh zvezdah.
Krome togo provedeno chislennoe modelirovanie kak eksperimenta, tak i astrofizicheskih dzhetov. Nablyudayutsya shodnye struktury, chto govorit o tom, chto my uzhe dostatochno horosho ponimaem mnogie aspekty fiziki astrofizicheskih strui.
Authors: M.M.Romanova et al.
Comments: 26 pages, 22 figures, ApJ, 595 (2003), 1009-1031
Eto ne pervaya rabota dannyh avtorov po chislennoi MGD, do etogo byla akkreciya na soosnyi dipol', na bystro dvizhushuyusya, no nevrashayushuyusya zvezdu i t.d.
Stat'yu mozhno chitat' dvumya sposobami: vnimatel'no vchityvat'sya v ispol'zovannye granichnye usloviya i parametry sredy - eto dlya specialistov gidrodinamikov, fizikov plazmy i astrofizikov, ili prosto smotret' na kartinki - ih mnogo i nizhe privedena odna iz samyh prostyh i ne krasochnyh.
Na saite avtorov mozhno posmotret' fil'm, sledannyi po etim raschetam: http://www.astro.cornell.edu/us-rus/inclined.htm.
(Arhiv Gidrodinamika i MGD: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astrofizika - obzory - astro-ph
Publikacii so slovami: astrofizika - obzory - astro-ph | |
Sm. takzhe:
Vse publikacii na tu zhe temu >> |