The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Prochee ...
Authors: Eris Lauga, Thomas R. Powers
Comments: 58 pages, review article
Ochen' horoshii obzor o povedenii mikroorganizmov v zhidkosti. Formuly vpolne ponyatny. Rassmotrennye zadachi ochen' interesny. Mikroorganizmy ispol'zuyut raznye podhody k dvizheniyu v zhidkosti, poetomu raznoobrazie zadach ves'ma veliko. Krome togo, est' i iskusstvennye ob'ekty mikroskopicheskogo razmera, kotorye, kak i mikroorganizmy, dolzhny peredvigat'sya v potokah raznyh zhidkostei. Tak chto zadachi imeyut i prikladnoe znachenie.
Authors: William G. Hoover
Comments: 20 pages
Avtoru stat'i seichas 72 goda, a potomu on vpolne mozhet obozrevat' promezhutki vremeni poryadka poluveka. V osnovnom raboty avtora kasalis' modelirovaniya molekulyarnoi dinamiki, o chem on i vspominaet. Voobshe, interesno pochitat' biografiyu uchenogo ....
Kstati, na stranice avtora v otskanirovannom vide est' neskol'ko poleznyh knig po chislennomu modelirovaniyu.
Authors: J. Harnard
Comments: 5 pages, Physics World
Seichas dominiruet sistema, v kotoroi est' recenziruemye zhurnaly, ch'i on-lainovye versii dostupny po rassylke, i Arhiv i podobnye depozitarii statei s polnost'yu otkrytym dostupom, no s minimal'nym urovnem zashity ot plohih materialov. Sushestvuet podhod, kotoryi pytayutsya razvivat', kogda zhurnaly perehodyat v rezhim otkrytogo dostupa, no pri etom publikaciya stanovitsya OChEN' platnoi. (Ya sam nedavno, publikuya stat'yu v besplatnom dlya avtorov zhurnale, poluchil predlozhenie perevesti stat'yu v otkrytyi dostup, zaplativ okolo 2000 evro, nado li utochnyat', chto ya otkazalsya, no vylozhil stat'yu v Arhiv.) Avtor stat'i kritikuet takoi podhod k otkrytomu dostupu.
Authors: Anne L. Kinney
Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures
Avtor pytaetsya proanalizirovat' nauchnyi uroven' 36 fakul'tetov, prisuzhdayushih stpen' PhD po astronomii. Zadacha slozhnaya, poskol'ku slozhnoi mozhet byt' universitetskaya struktura (skazhem, net otdel'nogo fakul'teta Astronomii - on ob'edinen s fizikoi, - no pri etom vnutri universiteta est' sil'nye laboratorii plyus mnogo vremennyh issledovatel'skih pozicii). Poetomu k lyubomu takomu reitingovaniyu, gde sravnivayut dostatochno raznye struktury, nado otnosit'sya s izvestnoi dolei skepticizma. Tem ne menee.
Avtor vo-pervyh smotrit kolichestvo publikacii po astrofizike uchenymi samogo fakul'teta. Vo-vtoryh, smotrit vse publikacii po astrofizike iz dannogo universiteta. Dlya kolichestvennyh ocenok ispol'zuyutsya indeks Hirsha i ego modifikacii. Po pervomu metodu pobeditelem okazyvaetsya Kalteh, zatem idet universitet Kalifornii v Santa Kruz, Prinstonskii universitet, Garvard, Universitet Kolorado, Stoni Bruk, Dzhon Hopkins, Penn Steit, i universitet Michigana. Vtoroi metod neznachitel'no menyaet rasstanovku. Tol'ko chto Kalteh ischezaet iz liderov. Na pervom meste Santa Kruz, zatem Prinston, Dzhon Hopkins, Penn Steit, Stoni Bruk, Michigan, N'yu-Meksiko, Universitet Massachusettsa, Universitet Virdzhinii.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Don Page
Comments: 16 pages
Lyubopytnoe esse, v kotorom avtor sravnivaet nauchnoe stremlenie k prostote (sozdanie edinoi teorii vsego, iz kotoroi potom mozhno vyvodit' vse ostal'noe kak sledstviya) s religioznym podhodom, gde tozhe mozhno uvidet' evolyuciyu ot "boga na kazhdyi sluchai" k koncepcii edinogo "prostogo" boga.
Authors: Edwin E. Salpeter
Comments: 6 pages
Uravnenie Bete-Solpitera opisyvaet svyazannye sostoyaniya dvuh chastic, naprimer, svyazannoe sostoyanie elektron-pozitronnoi pary. Ono bylo vvedeno v 1951 godu.
V stat'e Solpiter vspominaet, kak vse proishodilo, chto predshestvovalo vozniknoveniyu uravneniya, kakovy byli rannie prilozheniya i tp.
Authors: Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
Comments: 3 pages, Nature vol. 455, p. 1181 (2008)
Avtor setuet v osnovnom na to, chto v ekonomicheskoi nauke dogmy dovleyut nad faktami. T.e., metodologiya okazyvaetsya sovsem ne takoi, kak, skazhem, v fizike. Pri etom, avtor zamechaet, chto hotya v ekonomike poyavlyaetsya vse bol'she lyudei s fiziko-matematicheskim obrazovaniem, no, prihodya v ekonomiku, oni kak by zabyvayut o metodah i podhodah, kotorye oni ispol'zovali v fizike.
Authors: Duncan Forgan
Comments: 22 pages, 24 figures, accepted by the Int.. J. of astrobiology
Lyubopytnaya stat'ya. Po suti, avtor igraet s formuloi Dreika. Programma pozvolyaet rasschityvat' mnozhestvo vsyakih raspredelenii i voroyatnostei dlya raznyh znachenii parametrov formuly. Dovol'no polezno dlya teh, kto interesuetsya voprosom.
Authors: Tadd T. Truscott et al.
Comments: 2 pages
Avtory prodolzhayut vykladyvat' interesneishie video po gidrodinamike. Vse smotret' snova!
Drugie stat'i s video (ne polnyi spisok): arxiv:0810.1798, arxiv:0810.1800, arxiv:0810.1946, arxiv:0810.1957, arxiv:0810.1962, arxiv:0810.1966, arxiv:0810.1974, arxiv:0810.1975, arxiv:0810.1982, arxiv:0810.1990, arxiv:0810.1, arxiv:0810.1.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: Norbert Straumann
Comments: 18 pages
Interesnaya stat'ya o Pauli, napisannaya chelovekom, kotoryi znal ego lichno.
Rasskaz idet v osnovnom o nauchnyh rabotah Pauli, prichem illyustriruetsya vse
neopublikovannymi ranee vospominaniyami sovremennikov i pis'mami.
Authors: Abhay Ashtekar
Comments: 31 pages, 6 figures, To appear in the volume Minkowski Space-time: A Hundred Years LAter, edited by V. Petkov (Springer-Verlag, 2008)
Bol'shoe dovol'no dostupnoe esse o problemah, stoyashih pered temi, kto zanimaetsya naibolee fundamental'nymi voprosami v fizike: svoistvami prostranstva-vremeni. Ideya sostoit v tom, chto hochetsya imet' teoriyu, v kotoroi geometriya ne zadavalas' by rukami, a "voznikala" dinamichesi, a takzhe, chtoby vse eto bylo sovmestimo s kvantovoi fizikoi.
Authors: Matthew L. Wallace et al.
Comments: 20 pages, 5 figues
Na ochen' bol'shom materiale - citiruemost' za 1900-2006 gody: 25 millionov statei, 600 millionov ssylok - avtory analiziruyut evolyuciyu raspredelenii razlichnyh bibliometricheskih parametrov. V chastnosti, avtory vydelyayut izmenenie politiki citirovaniya, proizoshedshee v 60-e gg., a takzhe obsuzhdayut, chto schitat' "klassicheskoi stat'ei".
Authors: James C. Bird, Howard A. Stone
Comments: 3 pages
V razdele physics poyavlyaetsya seriya statei raznyh avtorov, v kotoryh opisyvayutsya udivitel'nye primery povedeniya zhidkostei i gazov, i prikladyvayutsya video. Ih stoit smotret'!!!!
Drugie stat'i s video (nepolnyi spisok): arxiv:0810.1725, arxiv:0810.1549, arxiv:0810.1551, arxiv:0810.1587, arxiv:0810.1702.
Prosto otkroite PDF i kliknite v ssylku s video.
Vse eto 1-2-stranichnye zametki, v kotoryh vy naidete ssylki na video.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Peter G.O. Freund, Charles J. Goebel, Yoichiro Nambu, Reinhard Oehme
Comments: 12 pages, This Gregor Wentzel Memoir is scheduled to appear as a National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
Vse znayut WKB-priblizhenie. W-Wentzel. Stat'ya napisana k 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya. V osnovnom, eto nauchnaya biografiya, no v nachale stat'i kratko i ischerpyvayushe privedeny osnovnye sobstvenno biograficheskie sobytiya. Teksta ne tak uzh mnogo - vse ochen' lakonichno i chetko, - sovetuyu prochest'.
Authors: L.B. Okun
Comments: 19 pages, Physics-Uspekhi 51 (2008) 622
Angliiskaya versiya stat'i Okunya v UFN.
V dostupnoi forme izlagayutsya nekotorye neprostye momenty v STO i OTO, o kotoryh chasto sporyat.
Authors: G. Cantatore et al.
Comments: 4 pages, Paper submitted to the proceedings of the "4th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs", DESY, Hamburg Site /Germany, 18-21 June 2008
V teorii elektromagnetizma predskazyvayutsya razlichnye interesnye nelineinye effekty. Krome togo, teoretiki predskazyvayut sushestvovanie vsyakih trudnoulovimyh chastic, naprimer aksionov. V mire idut i obsuzhdayutsya raznye eksperimenty v etoi oblasti. Neskol'ko let nazad burno obsuzhdalsya rezul'tat proekta PVLAS. Togda avtory eksperimenta zayavili o registracii signala, kotoryi mog svidetel'stvovat' o rozhdenii aksionov. V ustanovke issledovalos' prohozhdenie sveta cherez sil'noe magnitnoe pole. Signal okazalsya apparatnym, t.e. otkrytie ne sostoyalos'. Seichas avtory polagayut, chto pervaya faza eksperimenta sebya ischerpala, i nuzhno stroit' novuyu ustanovku. Pravda, ne bolee krupnuyu, kak mozhno bylo ozhidat', a skoree bolee prodvinutuyu. Ob etom i idet rech' v zametke.
Authors: Vincent Lariviere, Yves Gingras, Eric Archambault
Comments: 9 pages
Avtory polemiziruyut so stat'ei Evansa (Evans 2005), v kotoroi on utverzhdaet, chto on-lainovyi dostup privodit ne k rasshireniyu spektra citiruemyh statei, a k suzheniyu chisla citircemyh statei. Lariv'e i ego soavtory pokazyvayut na bol'shom materiale, chto vyvod Evansa ne veren. V chastnosti, snizhaetsya dolya necitiruemyh statei po mere poyavleniya on-lainovogo dostupa, i razmyvaetsya maksimum citirovaniya.
Authors: I. K. Baldry
Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures, using MNRAS style file; to appear in RAS journal Astronomy & Geophysics (A&G), scheduled for October 2008 issue
Lyubopytnaya korotkaya zametka.
Vse znayut kamerton Habbla. Dostatochno chasto mozhno prochest', chto Habbl podrazumeval eto kak evolyucionnuyu posledovatel'nost' ot galaktik rannih tipov (ellipticheskih) k pozdnim. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto eto ne tak.
Tochno takzhe kak rannie i pozdnie tipy zvezdnyh spektrov otrazhayut lish' ih menee (rannie) ili bolee (pozdnie) strukturu, tak zhe i klassifikaciya galaktik ne podrazumevaet posledovatel'nosti vo vremeni, a lish' govorit o vneshnem vide. Hotya Habbl i pishet, chto podrazumevanie vremennoi posledovatel'nosti na sovesti avtora.
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Authors: Yves Gingras, Matthew L. Wallace
Comments: 13 pages
Avtory provodyat bibliometricheskii analiz vseh laureatov nobelevskih premii po fizike i himii, a takzhe nominantov za period s 1901 po 1945 gg. (eti dannye otkryty). Odin iz vyvodov sostoit v tom, chto seichas iz-za eksponencial'nogo rosta nauki stalo ochen' trudno predskazat' laureatov. "Mnogo zvannyh, no malo izbrannyh".
Authors: Frederick A. Harris (for the BES Collaboration)
Comments: 7 pages, 8 figures, Invited talk at the 10th International workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, Cracow, Poland, 6-10 June 2008
BEPC - Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. BES - Beijing Spectrometer, eto detektor na ustanovke. BEPC i BES davno i uspeshno rabotali, a v 2003 godu bylo prinyato reshenie ob apgreide ustanovki i detektorov. BEPCII i BESIII - eto novye versii, imenno oni i opisyvayutsya v stat'e. Seichas idet naladka i testy. V konce goda nachnetsya real'naya rabota. Energiya stolknoveniya elektronov i pozitronov (v sisteme centra mass) budet ot 2 do 4.6 GeV.
Authors: Zosia A. C. Krusberg
Comments: 9 pages
Interesnyi (i, vidimo, poleznyi) spisok ssylok na knigi i razlichnye resursy, poleznye dlya prepodavatelei fiziki (po nashim merkam, navernoe, ne tol'ko dlya VUZovskih prepodavatelei, no i dlya shkol'nyh uchitelei starshih klassov v prodvinutyh shkolah).
Authors: Paolo Lipari
Comments: 31 pages, Talk given at the workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice" (april 2008)
Obzor posvyashen kosmicheskim lucham (a takzhe neitrino vysokih energii), tomu, kakuyu rol' ih issledovaniya zanimayut v astrofizike, i na kakie voprosy oni mogut pomoch' naiti otvety.
Sm. takzhe obzor avtora arxiv:0808.0344.
Authors: Ariel Caticha
Comments: 170 pages. Invited lectures at MaxEnt 2008, the 28th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (July 8-13, 2008, Boraceia Beach, Sao Paulo, Brazil)
170 stranic lekcii.... Mnogo teorem s dokazatel'stvami. No s drugoi storony mnogo i primerov primenenii raznyh statisticheskih metodov.
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Comments: to appear in "Physics in Canada", response to 0807.3670
Ya pisal o zametke arxiv:0808.3670. Ona byla naveyana vystupleniem Kraussa. Teper' Krauss pis'menno otvechaet na nee. Krauss pishet, chto vcelom on soglasen s avtorom arxiv:0807.3670, a razlichiya u nih v osnovnom terminologicheskie.
Authors: L.B. Okun
Comments: 20 pages, Published: Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk 178 (5) (2008) 541-555 (in Russian); Physics--Uspekhi 51 (5) (2008) 513-527 (in English)
Obsuzhdaetsya izvestnaya formula E=mc^2, rol' indeksa "0" u energii i koe-chto eshe.
Na russkom stat'yu mozhno skachat'
tut.
Pol'zuyas' sluchaem, eshe neskol'ko interesnyh ssylok na nedavnie raboty v UFN:
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: A.A. Tseytlin
Comments: 38 p., 21 fig
Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya, no uchtite, chto tekst sostoit prakticheski tol'ko iz odnih formul.
Authors: David S. Spiegel, Kristen Menou, Caleb A. Scharf
Comments: 34 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ
V formirovanii klimata vazhneishuyu rol' igraet naklon osi vrasheniya planety k ploskosti ee orbity vokrug zvezdy. U Zemli naklon osi v znachitel'noi stepeni stabilizirovan Lunoi. U ekzoplanet zemnogo tipa v poyasah obitaniya mogut byt' raznoobraznye naklony osi vrasheniya k ploskosti orbity, a v otsutstvie massivnyh sputnikov oni mogut izmenyat'sya. Vse eto ne sposobstvuet poyavleniyu i razvitiyu zhizni. Eto-to i issleduyut avtory.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: A.N. Schellekens
Comments: 87 pages
Srazu nado skazat', chto avtor - izvestnyi teoretik-strunshik. V bol'shom esse rech' idet o mnogih "proklyatyh" voprosah v sovremennoi fizike. Mnogie iz nih predlagaetsya reshat' v ramkah teorii strun s primeneniem antropnogo principa.
Authors: Richard MacKenzie
Comments: 9 pages, to be published in Physics of Canada
Polemicheskoe esse na temu vzaimootnoshenii nauki i very (v shirokom smysle). Avtor zanimaet poziciyu, svoistvennuyu mnogim lyudyam v Rossii, polagaya, chto vera yavlyaetsya vragom nauki. Esse yavlyaetsya otvetom na doklad Kraussa, v kotorom on sformuliroval tezis: vera - ne vrag nauki, nevezhestvo - vrag.
Authors: Donald Salisbury
Comments: 11 pages, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
Daetsya recenziya na fundamental'nyi chetyrehtomnik, posvyashennyi rozhdeniyu i rannemu razvitiyu OTO. Recenziya interesna i sama po sebe, poskol'ku rech' idet ne tol'ko o knige, no i ob istorii OTO.
Authors: Frank Verbunt
Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures
Frank Verbunt zamahnulsya na samoe svyatoe -
na nashu konstituciyu na zvezdnye
velichiny. On predlagaet dlya nespecialistov ne ispol'zovat' v processe
obucheniya eto ponyatie, operiruya tol'ko svetimostyami i potokami, esli nado - v
uzkom spektral'nom diapazone. V stat'e on pokazyvaet, chto konechno zhe vse
osnovnye rezul'taty, ponyatiya i tp. prekrasno mozhno ob'yasnit' bez zvezdnyh
velichin, operiruya tol'ko svetimostyami.
"A mozhet byt' on prav?" (c)
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: Debashish Chowdhury
Comments: 137 pages (including more than 2100 references)
Stalo modnym sostavlyat' bibliograficheskie spiski s korotkimi kommentariyami.
Vot ocherednoi, otnosyashiisya k ochen' modnoi oblasti. Mozhet byt', komu-to etot
spisok iz 2104 ssylok budet polezen.
Authors: Alejandro Gangui
Comments: Ciencia Hoy, Vol 15, Nro 89, pp. 18-23, 2005
Authors: MiniBooNE Collaboration
Comments: 46 pages, 21 figures
Privoditsya dostatochno podrobnoe opisanie neitrinnogo detektora MiniBooNE. Eto pervaya faza eksperimenta BooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment). Ego zadacha - detal'noe izuchenie neitrinnyh oscillyacii, kotorye nablyudalis' v proekte LSND.
Eksperiment byl razrabotan v Fermilabe dlya registracii prevrashenii (oscillyacii) myuonnyh neitrino v elektronnye. Central'noi chast'yu detektora yavlyaetsya shar s diametrom 12.2 metrov, zapolnennyi mineral'nym maslom. Eksperiment nachal rabotu neskol'ko let nazad i nablyudeniya prodolzhayutsya.
Authors: Spencer R. Klein, for the IceCube Collaboration
Comments: 7 pages, presented at SORMA West 2008 (Symposium on Radiation Measurement and Applications)
Neitrinnyi detektor IceCube sooruzhaetsya seichas v Antarktide. Poka detektoram etogo tipa ne vezlo: ne bylo blizkih sverhnovyh, a dlya registracii signalov ot dalekih vzryvov u nih ne hvatalo chuvstvitel'nosti. IceCube mozhet byt' bolee udachlivym, tem bolee chto ego razmery pozvolyayut nadeyat'sya, chto v nedalekom budushem my budem registrirovat' neitrinnye vspyshki ot sverhnovyh, vzorvavshihsya v sosednih galaktikah.
Authors: Damian H. Zanette
Comments: 6 pages
Predstavlennye materialy yavlyayutsya nekotorym dopolneniem k stat'e avtora, opublikovannoi nedavno v Nature (vol. 453, pp. 988-989). Esli ugodno, to eto ocherednaya popytka "poverit' algebroi garmoniyu".
Authors: Jose A. de Diego
Comments: 8 pages, Invited talk in Astronomia Dinamica en Latinoamerica. To be published in Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, Conference Series
Nichego novogo, no dana neplohaya svodka osnovnyh dannyh po anomalii Pionerov. Sm. takzhe arxiv:0807.1088.
Authors: I. Dilmann, the JINA-CARINA Collaboration
Comments: Proceedings 10th Int. Symp. on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies OMEG07, Sapporo/Japan, December 4-7 2007
Dlya raschetov processov v zvezdah, v rannei vselennoi, pri vzryvah sverhnovyh i tak dalee neobhodimy dannye o yadernyh reakciyah. Hotya yadernaya fizik imeet uzhe bol'shuyu istoriyu i mnozhestvo dostizhenii, tam ostaetsya mnogo voprosov. V pervuyu ochered' potomu, chto mnogie reakcii mozhno tol'ko rasschityvat' (t.e. net pryamyh izmerenii), a teoriya nepolna. I v astrofizike pri primenenii taih raschetov est' nekotoryi raznoboi: raznye gruppy ispol'zuyut raznye modeli i raschety.
Avtory opisyvayut popytku kompilyacii raznyh dannyh v edinuyu biblioteku.
Authors: Zita Martins et al.
Comments: 31 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables Journal-ref: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 270, 130-136. 15 June 2008
Nashumevshaya stat'ya ob obnaruzhenii v meteorite slozhnyh organicheskih soedinenii yakoby vnezemnogo proishozhdeniya.
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Authors: Borexino Collaboration: G. Alimonti, et al
Comments: 37 pages, 43 figures, to be submitted to NIM
Podrobno opisyvaetsya neitrinnyi detektor Boreksino.
Authors: Makoto Tsubota
Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures, Review article to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Sushestvuet takoe lyubopytneishee yavlenie, otkrytoe eshe v 50-e gg. v zhidkom gelii-4. Seichas ono avtivno izuchaetsya i eksperimentatorami, i teoretikami.
Authors: M Kozlowski, J Marciak-Kozlowska, M Pelc
Comments: 61 pages
Bol'shoi obzor po attosekundnym lazeram. V osnovnom avtory pishut o vzaimodeistvii impul'sov s veshestvom. Obzor tyazhelyi (mnogo formul - malo kartinok).
Authors: Monika Gisler, Didier Sornette
Comments: 25 pages
Avtory analiziruyut lunnuyu programmu s tochki zreniya social'nogo fenomena, kogda naciya v mirnoe vremya vvyazyvaetsya v ochen' krupnyi, dorogoi i slozhnyi proekt, kotoryi ne daet pryamoi vygody.
Authors: Filippo Radicchi, Santo Fortunato, Claudio Castellano
Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto raspredelenie po citiruemosti v raznyh oblastyah i v raznoe vremya imeet odin i tot zhe vid, t.e. ego mozhno prosto perenormirovat' dlya sravneniya uchenyh iz raznyh oblastei, ili rabotavshih v raznoe vremya.
Authors: Duncan A. Forbes
Comments: 6 pages, accepted for publication in Mercury
Dovol'no zabavnaya pamyatka-putevoditel' dlya teh, kto hochet stat' astronomom. V osnovnom eto dlya studentov, prichem v osnovnom ne dlya nashih, no i nashi naidut tam koe-chto poleznoe (i ne tol'ko studenty).
Authors: Thomas P. Sotiriou, Valerio Faraoni
Comments: 47 pages, review commissioned by Rev. Mod. Phys;
Bol'shoi obzor po stavshim populyarnymi f(R) teoriyam gravitacii. Lyudi davno pytayutsya rasshirit' OTO, sobstvenno, s momenta ee poyavleniya byli popytki kak-to ee uluchshit', da i pri svoem rozhdenii OTO byla okruzhena konkurentami. f(R) teorii osnovyvayutsya na modifikacii deistviya Gil'berta-Einshteina putem zameny skalyara Richi na bolee obshuyu funkciyu (sm. formulu 3 na str. 3 v obzore), prichem f(R) chatso predstavlyayut v vide ryada, sohranyaya chleny do opredelennogo poryadka. Dal'neishie detali - v obzore.
Authors: Bryce DeWitt
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, 31 references. Accepted by GRG
Publikuetsya ranee neizvestnyi tekst Bryusa DeVitta, umershego chetyre goda nazad. Tekst byl obnaruzhen v zapisyah uchenogo bez ukazaniya togo, dlya chego on byl napisan. Zapiska posvyashena istorii kvantovoi gravitacii i nekotorym osnovnym koncepciyam.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Mary K. Gaillard, Bruno Zumino
Comments: 18 pages. To be published in `Supersymmetry on the Eve of the LHC'', a special volume of the European Physical Journal C (EPJC) dedicated to the memory of Julius Wess
Nebol'shoi obzor po supersimmetrii, superstrunam i istorii razvitiya etih napravlenii. Ne skazat', chto stat'ya legkodostupna, no mnogie veshi neizbezhno napisany dostatochno prosto, po krainei mere dlya fizikov i primknuvshih k nim.
Authors: Qiang Wu
Comments: 7 pages, 3 tables
Etot kitaec ot skromnosti ne umret! :)
Na samom dele, vryad li zagolovok otrazhaet real'nost', a uzh srazu vstavlyat'
pervuyu bukvu svoei familii v nazvanie indeksa ....
Sut' indeksa kraine prosta: w=1, esli u cheloveka est' 10 statei s citiruemost'yu bol'she 10. Indeks raven 2, esli est' 20 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 20. U Vittena, skazhem, etot indeks 41, t.e. u Vittena 410 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 410. T.o., indeks ceplyaet samyi top statei.
Stat'ya zhe interesna tablicei, gde sravnivaetsya mnogo raznyh indeksov, a potom smotryatsya korrelyacii mezhdu nimi.
Authors: J. P. Dietrich
Comments: 3 pages, Accepted for publication in PASP
V proshloi stat'e avtor pokazal, chto citiruemost' stat'i sil'no zavisit ot togo, na kakom meste ona stoit v ezhednevnom vypuske Arhiva, chem blizhe k nachalu - tem vyshe citiruemost'. Bylo pokazano, chto net chisto geograficheskogo effekta (esli by vse, skazhem, otpravlyali stat'i posle obeda, to amerikanskie byli by blizhe k nachalu). Ostavalos' dve vozmozhnosti. Ili avtory sami stavyat stat'i blizhe k nachalu, znaya, chto eto polezno (t.e. i popadanie v verhnyuyu chast' spiska, i voobshe horoshaya citiruemost' - rezul'tat celenapravlennyh deistvii). Ili eto prosto delo sluchaya, i v citiruemost' vnosit vklad tol'ko effekt popadaniya v verhnyuyu chast' spiska, kotoraya luchshe prosmatrivaetsya chitatelyami. V novoi stat'e avtor pokazyvaet, chto oba effekta vazhny, t.e. zavedomo est' gruppa v srednem bolee vysokocitiruemyh statei, kotorye avtory celenapravlenno stavyat v takoe vremya, chto oni popadut v verhnyuyu chast' spiska.
Zamechu, chto dannaya stat'ya vtoraya vo vtornichnom spiske.
Authors: S. Esposito
Comments: Latex, amsart, 7 pages, 2 (low resolution) eps figures
Korotkaya istoricheskaya zametka. Avtor obsuzhdaet nedavno obnaruzhennyi v arhive Chedvika konspekt lekcii Fermi, kotorye tot chital v Los Alamose posle voiny. Avtor polagaet, chto dannyi konspekt ukazyvaet na to, chto lekcii Fermi okazali vliyanie na razvitie britanskogo atomnogo proekta, tak kak v techenie nekotorogo vremeni im prihodilos' dvigat'sya vpered bez sushestvennoi pomoshi s amerikanskoi storony. Krome togo, obnaruzhennyi konspekt interesen i sam po sebe, tak kak soderzhit nekotorye materialy, ne vhodivshie v izvestnye versii konspektov.
Authors: O.W. Greenberg
Comments: 5 pages, to appear in the Compendium of Quantum Physics, ed. F. Weinert
Sovsem koroten'kaya zametka istoricheskogo haraktera ot odnogo iz uchastnikov sobytii serediny 60-h gg., kogda zakladyvalis' osnovy kvantovoi hromodinamiki. Kstati, ne vo vseh tekstah voobshe upominaetsya ego imya (sm., naprimer., tut), hotya vklad imel mesto byt'.
Authors: Moataz H. Emam
Comments: 5 pages, Americal Journal of Physics, July 2008
Korotkaya zametka "prostogo fizika teoretika" o tom, chem cenna teoriya strun, chto ot nee ostanetsya, dazhe, esli okazhetsya, chto nado idti drugoi dorogoi. Osnovnoi punkt, obsuzhdaemyi avtorom - AdS/CFT sootvetstvie. Tak zhe rassmatrivaetsya strannyi variant vydeleniya teorii strun v otdel'nuyu disciplinu, otlichnuyu i ot fiziki, i ot matematiki.
Authors: Alexander J.M. Schmets, Wouter Montfrooij
Comments: 7 pages
Na dostupnom urovne rassmatrivaetsya sverhtekuchest' v gelii-4.
Authors: Benjamin M. Althouse et al.
Comments: 9 pages
Kak sleduet iz nazvaniya, avtory obsuzhdayut raznicu v impakt-faktorah zhurnalov v raznyh oblastyah i v raznye periody vremeni. Chto kasaetsya poslednego, to oni obrashayut vnimanie na to, chto kraine sushestvenno, chto lyudi prosto stali bol'she ssylat'sya, t.e. spiski literatury prosto stali gorazdo dlinnee. Chto kasaetsya raznicy mezhdu oblastyami, to tut avtory ukazyvayut, chto kraine sushestvenno, chto v odnih oblastyah mnogo ssylok na literaturu, vklyuchennuyu v Thom- son Journal Citation Reports (JCR), a v drugih - malo. I eto bolee sushestvenno, chem drugie faktory.
Authors: Flora Lopis, Max Tegmark
Comments: 3 pages
Fiziki prodolzhayut shutit', i eto pervoe aprelya ne stalo isklyucheniem. Chitaem zamechatel'noe proizvedenie teoretikov iz MIT i slushaem i smotrim ih na YouTube
Takzhe mozhno otmetit' pervoaprel'skuyu stat'yu Down-sizing Forever.
Authors: Jan W. Kantelhardt
Comments: 59 pages, 11 figures, for Springer's Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science
Stat'ya posvyashena podrobnomu razboru slozhnyh vremennyh ryadov. Oni svoistvenny slozhnym dinamicheskim sistemam, t.e. takim, kotorye sostoyat iz neskol'kih nelineino vzaimodeistvuyushih komponent, prichem sistemu nel'zya razdelit' na podsistemy bez poteri informacii o ee dinamike vcelom. Vremennye ryady, vydavaemye takimi sistemami mogut imet' fraktal'nye svoistva (izvestnym primerom yavlyaetsya rabota serdca). Razrabotany metody analiza takih ryadov. Imenno oni i yavlyayutsya osnovnym predmetov obzora.
Authors: Jasper Kirkby
Comments: 42 pages, 19 figures Journal-ref: Surveys in Geophysics 28, 333-375 (Nov 2007)
Avtor obzora yavlyaetsya proponentom gipotezy o tom, chto klimat sushestvennym obrazom zavisit ot galakticheskogo potoka kosmicheskih luchei, kotorye moduliruyut plotnost' oblachnogo pokrova.
Obzor sostoit iz dvuh osnovnyh chastei. V odnoi obsuzhdaetsya paleoklimat i potok kosmicheskih luchei v proshlom (vklyuchaya i otnositel'no nedavnee proshloe, naprimer maunderovskii minimum). Vo vtoroi rassmatrivayutsya vozmozhnye fizicheskie mehanizmy, otvetstvenny za svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom.
Otmechu, chto v obzore nikak ne obsuzhdaetsya kritika Volfendeila (wolfendale) i ego soavtorov.
Authors: Sonja Kleinlogel, Andrew G. White
Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
V prirode chasto mozhno vstretit' polyarizovannoe izluchenie. Okazyvaetsya, mnogie zhivotnye vosprinimayut lineinuyu polyarizaciyu sveta. Krugovuyu, schitaetsya, ne vosprinimaet nikto. Ona i vstrechaetsya rezhe. S drugoi storony, pochemu by zhivotnym ne umet' opredelyat' vse parametry Stoksa? Avtory pokazyvayut, chto odin iz vidov krevetok umeet eto delat', t.e. vosprinimaet i lineinuyu, i krugovuyu polyarizaciyu.
Authors: T. Sloan, A.W. Wolfendale
Comments: 14 pages
V etoi zametke kriticheski razbiraetsya gipoteza o svyazi oblachnogo pokrova s potokom kosmicheskih luchei. Napomnyu, chto dve gruppy zayavlyali ob obnaruzhenii korrelyacii potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom (men'she luchei - men'she nizkih oblakov). Sama dostovernost' etoi korrelyacii neskol'ko raz obsuzhdalas', i k kakomu-to okonchatel'nomu vyvodu priiti ne udalos'.
V obsuzhdaemoi stat'e avtory analiziruyut ne samu korrelyaciyu, a predlozhennyi mehanizm, otvestvennyi za ee nalichie. V kachestve takogo mehanizma byla predlozhena variaciya stepeni ionizacii v atmosfere, poskol'ku za ionizaciyu otvetstvenny kak raz galakticheskie kosmicheskie luchi. Avtoram ne udalos' naiti podtverzhdenii dannoi gipotezy. T.e., pishut oni, ne udalos' pokazat', chto izmeneniya stepeni ionizacii vyzyvayut zametnuyu chast' variacii oblachnogo pokrova.
Konechno, dannyi rezul'tat nichego ne govorit o dostovernosti korrelyacii mezhdu potokom kosmicheskih luchei i oblachnost'yu. Tem ne menee, eto eshe odin kamen' v ogorod avtorov gipotezy o tom, chto variacii potoka kosmicheskih luchei otvetstvenny za klimaticheskie izmeneniya. Naprimer, mozhet byt' tak, chto korrelyaciya-to real'na, no vot mehanizm drugoi. T.e., i kosmicheskie luchi i oblachnost' (klimat) korreliruyut s tret'ei velichinoi, a nikakoi pryamoi svyazi mezhdu kosmicheskimi luchami i izmeneniyami temperatury na Zemle net.
S drugoi storony poyavilis' dve raboty (arxiv:0803.2765 i arxiv:0803.2766), v kotoryh avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' togo, chto kosmicheskie luchi, posredstvom svoego vozdeistviya na formirovanie oblachnogo pokrova, mogut byt' vazhnym uchastnikom global'noi klimaticheskoi evolyucii.
Authors: Andrey Grozin
Comments: 22 pages
Napomnyu, chto za raboty po asimtoticheskoi svobode v 2004 godu Gross, Vil'chek i Policer poluchili nobelevskie premii po fizike. V stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet istoriyu issledovanii v etoi oblasti (poskol'ku do rabot laureatov byli stat'i Hriplovicha i t'Hufta) i dostatochno detal'no rassmatrivaet fiziku. Iz-za poslednego obstoyatel'stva stat'ya stanovitsya slozhnoi, i vryad li budet dostupna nespecialistam.
Authors: I.M. Khalatnikov, A.Yu. Kamenshchik
Comments: 16 pages, to be published in Physics - Uspekhi
Avtory nachinayut s togo, chto vspominayut o bol'shom interese Landau k probleme kosmologicheskoi singulyarnosti. Konechno, so vremen Landau v kosmologii proizoshla nastoyashaya revolyuciya, sootvetstvenno izmenilas' i postanovka problemy o kosmologicheskih singulyarnostyah. V konce stat'i avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye novye voprosy.
Authors: Charles P. Strehlow, M. C. Sullivan
Comments: 5 pages
Opisana nekotoraya modifikaciya horosho izvestnogo opyta po "pareniyu" sverhprovodnika vblizi (nad ili pod) magnita.
Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
Comments: 3 pages, ReVTeX4
Ochen' neobychnaya ideya. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto puchok neitrino ot realistichnogo (200 TeV) myuonnogo kollaidera mozhet byt' zaregistrirovan detektorom tipa IceCube s rasstoyaniya v neskol'ko parsek. T.e., mozhno ispol'zovat' takuyu ekzotiku dlya SETI.
Na moi vzglyad, ideya ne slishkom perspektivnaya, t.k. s takih rasstoyanii bylo by gorazdo proshe zasech' tehnicheskuyu civilizaciyu tipa nashei v radio. Tem ne menee, ochen' interesno.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Andreas Heuer, Oliver Rubner
Comments: Latex file, 28 pages 17 eps-figures
S pomosh'yu statisticheskih metodov avtory rassmatrivayut rezul'taty 12546 matchei Bundesligi s 1965 po 2007 gody. Odnim iz interesnyh rezul'tatov avtor yavlyaetsya to, chto po ih mneniyu raznica zabityh i propushennyh myachei luchshe harakterizuet uroven' komandy, chem nabrannye ochki.
Authors: O.W. Greenberg
Comments: 12 pages, to appear in proceedings of the 13th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics, Moscow State University, August 2007
V 1964 godu Grinberg vvel ponyatie, kotoroe seichas my nazyvaem "cvetom" kvarkov. T.e., im bylo predlozheno, chto kvarki nesut nekii novyi vid zaryada. Eto vazhno, poskol'ku kvarki podchinyayutsya statistike Fermi.
V stat'e avtor vspominaet, kak vse eto proishodilo. Razumeetsya, v nachale ideyu vosprinyali skepticheski ...
Authors: Rodrigo Costas, Maria Bordons, Thed N. van Leeuwen, Anthony F.J. van Raan
Comments: 20 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Avtory provodyat naukometricheskii analiz s uchetom mnozhestva parametrov i osobennostei konkretnyh oblastei nauki. Privoditsya mnogo grafikov, kak te ili inye parametry korreliruyut drug s drugom v raznyh oblastyah. Na moi vzglyad, mnogie vyvody avtorov dostatochno trivial'ny i predskazuemy. Naprimer, dostatochno ochevidno, chto, esli v kakoi-to oblasti nauki kolichestvo citirovanii neveliko, to uvelichenie chisla publikacii budet davat' bol'shoi effekt (t.e., citiruemost' budet sil'no vozrastat'), a v sil'no konkurentnyh oblastyah, gde citiruemost' velika, vazhno brat' ne kolichestvom, a kachestvom. Tem ne menee, komu-to, vozmozhno, budet interesno pochitat'.
Authors: S. Esposito, O. Pisanti
Comments: Latex, amsart, 78 pages, 7 (low resolution) figures
Avtory opisyvat i analiziruyut ranee nepublikovavshiesya zapiski Fermi i ego kolleg, posvyashennye razrabotke yadernyh reaktorov. Ves'ma interesno smotret' na eskizy iz patentnyh zayavok Fermi i soavtrov. Privodyasya vyderzhki iz patentnyh opisanii, a takzhe interesnoe pis'mo Fermi Rezerfordu, napisannoe v 1934 godu.
Authors: Nebojsa Murisic, Lou Kondic
Comments: 10 pages
Okazyvaetsya, v voprosah ispareniya kapel' est' eshe mnogo neyasnogo! V chastnosti, avtory ispol'zuyut dve populyarnye modeli i pokazyvayut, chto v ryade sluchaev (dlya kapli deionizirovannoi vody na kremnievo podlozhke) modeli dayut raznye rezul'taty po skorosti ispareniya.
Authors: Peter Goddard
Comments: 34 pages, A contribution to the volume "The Birth of String Theory"
Ocherednoi material, podgotovlennyi dlya sbornika po istorii teorii strun. V etoi stat'e nauchnyi material chasto dovleet nad istoricheskim. T.e., eto skoree obzor so mnozhestvom istoricheskih remarok i otstuplenii.
Authors: Andreas Schadschneider, Wolfram Klingsch, Hubert Kluepfel, Tobias Kretz, Christian Rogsch, Armin Seyfried
Comments: 57 pages, 19 figures; to appear in: `Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science'', B. Meyers (Ed.) (Springer, Berlin, 2008);
V principe, mnogie dogadyvayutsya, chto vopros ob evakuacii lyudei daleko ne prazdnyi. V novostyah poyavlyaetsya dostatochno mnogo sluchaev, kogda, skazhem, pri pozhare v usloviyah paniki lyudi gibnut prosto iz-za togo, chto puti evakuacii okazalis' ploho ustroeny. Pravil'noe obsutroistvo takih putei - delo neprostoe. I tut razrabatyvaetsya mnogo raznyh podhodov. Bol'shinstvo iz nih opisano v stat'e. Osnovnoe vnimanie avtory udelyayut modelirovaniyu metodom kletochnyh avtomatov.
Authors: Michael Schreiber
Comments: 28 pages, including 4 figures with 6 plots, 4 tables accepted for publication in J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Techn
Sushestvuet mnogo sposobov formal'noi ocenki kachestva i kolichestva narabotannogo uchenym. Krome banal'nogo polnogo citirovaniya i kolichestva statei pridumano mnogo raznyh indeksov. V dannoi stat'e na primere 26 uchenyh odnogo universiteta avtor sravnivaet raznye indeksy.
Authors: Amelia Sparavigna
Comments: 16 pages
Po-moemu ochen' interesnaya stat'ya. ne berus' sudit' ob original'nyh rezul'tatah, predstavlennyh avtorom. No obzor togo, kak plazmennaya obrabotka izmenyaet svoistva tkanei i poverhnostei ochen' interesen.
Authors: Renato Musto
Comments: 7 pages, Contribute to the collective volume "The birth of String Theory", edited by A. Cappelli, E. Castellani, F. Colomo and P. Di Vecchia
Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi odin iz uchastnikov sobytii (Renato Musto -
soavtor dvuh top-citiruemyh rabot po teorii strun, napisannyh v seredine
70-h) vspominaet i razmyshlyaet o samom rannem etape v zhizni teorii strun i o
tom, chto etomu etapu neposredstvenno predshestvovalo.
Horoshaya ssylka nomer 12.
Authors: Amelia Sparavigna
Comments: 16 pages, 9 fihures
Chto tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut dlya etiketok i markirovok! A vse dlya togo, chtoby zashitit' tovar ot poddelok ili zhe peredat' informaciyu. Krome uzhe banal'nyh shtrih-kodov i gologramm v etom dele primenyayut dostatochno prodvinutye tehnologii, osnovannye na interesnyh fizicheskih effektah. Koe-chto ob etom mozhno uznat' iz stat'i.
Authors: A. J. Blustin
Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures
V stat'e dana svodka statistiki po publikaciyam 835 britanskih professional'nyh astronomov.
Authors: Michael B. Mensky
Comments: 24 pages, 1 figure, LATEX
Mihail Menskii prodolzhaet razvivat' svoi podhod po ob'yasneniyu fenomena soznaniya v ramkah everettovskoi interpretacii kvantovoi mehaniki.
Authors: Frank G. Borg, Ismo Hakala, Jukka Maattala
Comments: 94 pages with 29 figures of which 6 are postscript figures and the rest are made using eepic. BibTex bibliography
Obshirnyi material, soderzhashii osnovy, neobhodimye dlya ponimaniya togo, chto takoe radiovolny, kak oni generiruyutsya i registriruyutsya.
Authors: T. Abe et al.
Comments: Detector report of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and Super-Beam facility, 86 pages, 49 figures
Predstavlen otchet po razrabotke neitrinnyh detektorov dlya budushih neitrinnyh eksperimentov na uskoritelyah. Predstavleny razlichnye al'ternativy kak dlya udalennyh detektorov, tak i dlya instrumentov, rabotayushih na uskoritele.
Authors: Peter J. Mohr, Barry N. Taylor, David B. Newell
Comments: 105 pages, 7 figures, 46 tables; describes in detail the 2006 CODATA adjustment of the values of the constants
CODATA - Committee on Data for Science and Technology. V stat'e predstavleny rekomendovannye etim komitetom znacheniya fundamentadbnyh konstant. Predydushee obnovlenie bylo chetyre goda nazad. Sait proekta physics.nist.gov/constants.
Authors: Travis S. Metcalfe
Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, PASP
Ochen' interesnaya, na moi vzglyad, zametka. Avtor proanaliziroval dinamiku kolichestva zashishayushih dissertacii po astronomii v SShA za 36 let, a takzhe trudoustroistvo zashishennyh. Interesnyi pokazatel': do polucheniya postoyannoi pozicii molodoi astronom dolzhen v srednem smenit' tri rabochih mesta.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: James Brau, Yasuhiro Okada, Nicholas Walker, et al
ILC - International Linear Collider. V razdele physics arhiva preprintov poyavilas' seriya materialov, posvyashennyh etomu proektu.
Eto budet TeVnyi elektron-pozitronnyi kollaider. Poka s etim proektom mnogo neyasnogo (nedavno Velikobritaniya sokratila ego finansirovanie). Yasno, chto ran'she 2019 goda ego ne budet.
Tem ne menee, predlagaemyi material interesen sam po sebe. Hotya by uzhe za schet ponyatnogo vvedenie v temu, kotoroe ya i sovetuyu vsem prochest'.
Drugie stat'i po proektu, soderzhashie uzhe tehnicheskie detali i tp.: arxiv:0712.2336 arxiv:0712.2343 arxiv:0712.2356 arxiv:0712.2361
Authors: J. P. Dietrich
Comments: 5 pages, accepted for publication in PASP
Poleznye melochi: chem blizhe vasha stat'ya k nachalu ezhednevnogo vypuska arhiva preprintov, tem vyshe u nee shansy stat' horosho citiruemoi! Moei pervoi mysl'yu bylo, chto delo prosto v tom, chto vazhna geografiya: yasno, chto iz-za raznicy vo vremeni vyshe v spiske postoyanno okazyvayutsya stat'i iz odnih i teh zhe stran. No avtory isklyuchayut etu vozmozhnost'. Tak chto v samom dele, vazhno byt' blizhe k nachalu. Interesno, nachnut li lyudi massovo uchityvat' etot aspekt?
Authors: V.L. Afanasiev, V.V. Kalenichenko, I.D. Karachentsev
Comments: 9 pages, 6 EPS figures, Astrophysical Bulletin, 2007, v. 62, p. 301-310
28 iyulya 2006 g. na shestimetrovom teleskope v SAO sluchaino byl poluchen spektr slabogo meteora. Neobychnym yavlyaetsya to, chto ocenka skorosti chasticy okazalas' gromadnoi: 300 km v sek. Imenno eto i daet osnovaniya avtoram nazyvaet ego "mezhgalakticheskim", ibo v raione solnechnoi orbity v Galaktike eta velichina prevoshodit "vtoruyu galakticheskuyu". Ocenka razmera chasticy daet vsego lish' neskol'ko desyatyh millimetra, no eto nemalo, esli sravnivat' s analogichnymi chasticami v Solnechnoi sisteme.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: S.F.King
Comments: 30 pages, 14 figures, review article suitable for a general audience
Avtorskoe zamechanie "suitable for a general audience" sleduet dopolnit' ogovorkoi, chto rech' idet o "fizicheskoi" auditorii. Obzor v samom dele, na moi vzglyad, horosh, no znanii fiziki i matematiki taki trebuet. Sobrany vse osnovnye voprosy, obsuzhdayushiesya v sovremennoi neitrinnoi fizike. Vo mnogih chasto upominaemyh punktah obzor pomozhet fiziku, ne yavlyayushemusya specialistam v blizkih k fizike neitrino oblastyah, razobrat'sya chut' detal'nee, yasnee ponyat' nekotorye momenty.
Authors: Edwin E. Salpeter
Comments: 16 pages
Voshititel'naya yasnaya stat'ya, v kotoroi avtor vspominaet klyuchevye sobytiya rannei istorii yadernoi astrofiziki, v kotoryh on prinimal uchastie, a takzhe delaet interesneishie otstupleniya, posvyashennye otdel'nym lichnostyam ili aktual'nym sovremennym voprosam.
Pochemu "do 1957"? Potomu chto v tom godu vyshla stat'ya, izvestnaya kak B2FH (Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, Hoyle). No v stat'e Salpitera rech' idet o sobytiya, kotorye predshestvovali poyavleniyu etoi raboty.
Pereskazyvat' bespolezno-chitaite.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: G. J. van Oldenborgh
Comments: 10 pages, Clim. Past, 3, 659-668, 2007
Rassmatrivaetsya rekordno zharkaya osen' proshlogo goda v Evrope.
(Po ironii sud'by, ya kak raz nahodilsya v toi chasti (Komo, Italiya), gde bylo dazhee chut' holodnee obychnogo.) Stat'ya interesnaya. Mnogo poleznyh dannyh, v tom chisle i predstavlennyh graficheski. Rekomenduyu.
Authors:
Comments:
Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya evolyucii zhivyh sushestv na kosmicheskih vremennyh masshtabah. Razumeetsya, nikakih chetkih vyvodov stat'ya ne soderzhit, tem ne menee vniknut' v obsuzhdaemyi krug voprosom ochen' zanimatel'no.
Itak, osnovoi obsuzhdeniya yavlyaetsya postulat o tom, chto v istorii evolyucii zhizni na Zemle bylo neskol'ko "trudnyh shagov" (ili "uzkih mest"). Prichem, predpolagaetsya, chto intervaly mezhdu nimi primerno odinakovy.
Chto takoe "uzkoe mesto" - eto kakoi-to slozhnyi evolyucionnyi shag. Dva iz nih ochevidny: eto samo zarozhdenie zhizni i poyavlenie razumnyh sushestv. Est' li chto-to poseredine? Dlya otveta na etot vopros pribegayut k statisticheskim ocenkam. Krome togo, kraine vazhny dannye o tom "skol'ko nam ostalos'" (imeetsya vvidu nalichie blagopriyatnyh klimaticheskih uslovii dlya sushestvovaniya zhizni), i o tom, kogda proishodili kakie-to vazhnye proryvy v razvitii zhizni.
Esli nam ostalos' "nemnogo" - chto-to okolo milliarda let ili men'she, to statistika govorit, chto shagov bylo 5-6. V dopolnenie k dvum nazvannym pribavlyayut poyavlenie bakterii, eukariot, geneticheskoi reprodukcii i mnogokletochnyh organizmov.
Interesnyi otryvok diskussii svyazan s tem, chto, vozmozhno, chto pervyi shag byl sdelan na Marse, a ne na Zemle (t.e., zhiznb poyavilas' tam, poskol'ku tam usloviya byli luchshe, a potom byla zanesena na Zemlyu, chto togda bylo proshe iz-za bolee chastyh stolknovenii s massivnymi asteroidami).
V obshem - chitaite.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: S.G. Turyshev, et al.
Comments: a white paper, revtex, 27 pages
Ochen' interesnyi i soderzhatel'nyi otchet, posvyashennyi sostoyaniyu del i perspektivam eksperimentov v oblasti fundamental'noi fiziki s ispol'zovaniem sputnikov, a takzhe metodov astronomii. V pervuyu ochered', konechno, rech' idet o teoriyah gravitacii i tp. Drgie zatragivaemye oblasti eto: izmeneniya fundamental'nyh konstant, tochnaya kosmologiya, kosmomikrofizika (aka astroparticle physics). Takzhe rassmatrivayutsya razrabotki novyh standartov chastoty s ispol'zovaniem kosmicheskih tehnologii. Avtory predlagayut sozdat' v NASA special'noe podrazdelenie, kotoroe zanimalos' by etimi i podobnymi im voprosami.
Authors: Brandon Carter
Comments: 73 latex pages, consisting of 5 page postscript appended to transcript (with original figures by photocopy) of 68 page manuscript printed by stencil in 1967 under subheading ``The role of fundamental microphysical parameters in cosmogony'', as a foundation for what was to become known as the anthropic principle
Arhivazhnaya stat'ya! Eto vosproizvedenie klassicheskoi raboty, posvyashennoi antropnomu principu (do etogo ona byla malodostupna v elektronnom vide). Krome togo Karter sdelal nebol'shoe posleslovie. Sovetuyu vsem prochest'!
Authors: Irina Nasteva, for the SuperNEMO Collaboration
Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures; talk presented at the 10th ICATPP Conference, Como, Italy, 8-12 October 2007; to be published by World Scientific
Obnaruzhenie bezneitrinnogo dvoinogo beta-raspada ochen' vazhno dlya fundamental'noi fiziki. V techenie poslednih desyatkov let postoyanno predprinimayutsya popytki uvidet' takoe sobytie. Poka - tol'ko verhnie predely. V stat'e opisan eshe odin proekt.
Authors: Mark G. Alford, Krishna Rajagopal, Thomas Schaefer, Andreas Schmitt
Comments: 62 pages, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi sverhprovodimosti v kvarkovom veshestve. Razumeetsya, v pervuyu ochered' takaya situaciya vozmozhna v nedrah kompatnyh zvezd (nazvat' ih "neitronnymi" v dannom sluchae uzhe nel'zya). Obzor ochen' detal'nyi, no inteersen, skoree vsego, tol'ko specialistam (za isklyucheniem vvedeniya i zaklyuchitel'noi, "astrofizicheskoi" chasti).
Authors: Mioara Mandea, Georgios Balasis
Comments: Geophys. J. Int., 167, 2006
Vspyshka istochnika myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskom SGR 1806-20, proizoshedshaya 27 dekabrya 2004 goda, nadelala shuma. V chastnosti, ona okazala sushestvennoe vliyanie na sostoyanie zemnyh okrestnostei: izmenila ionizaciyu, vozmutila magnitnoe pole. Vot pro poslednee-to i rasskazyvaetsya v stat'e.
Avtory analiziruyut dannye sputnika CHAMP. Soglasno ih rezul'tatam v povedenii zemnogo magnitnogo polya nablyudalas' periodichnost' s periodom 7.5 sekund - t.e. s periodom vrasheniya magnitara.
O povedenii samogo "vinovnika" spustya dva goda posle vspyshki mozhno prochest' zdes'.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Slava G. Turyshev, Viktor T. Toth
Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at the "IV Physics Engineering International Meeting," Mexico City, Mexico, 15-19 October 2007
Opisany novye popytki razobrat'sya v anomalii Pionerov. Otveta poka net, no chitat' - vsem! Ibo budut ispol'zovany novye dannye i novaya dokumentaciya dlya postroeniya modeli apparatov.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: William T. Bridgman
Comments: 37 pages, 5 figures
Dostatochno interesnyi tekst. Nazvanie, na moi vzglyad, neskol'ko obmanchivo (rech' tam v onovnom ne o kosmologii), tem ne menee. Avtor rassmatrivaet svyaz' otkrytii v oblasti fundamental'noi astronomii, astrofiziki i tp. s kakimi-to vpolne prizemlennymi utilitarnymi veshami, a takzhe s vazhnymi rezul'tatami v fizike. T.e., obsuzhdaet "kakaya ot astronomii pol'za".
Authors: Kouji Hirata, Fumiyo Uchiyama
Comments: 27 pages
Po-yaponski suhaya istoriya o rabote fizikov na KEKe v semidesyatye gody. Zdes' net nikakih epizodov, podobnyh "izobreteniyu" osoboi formy feinmanovskih diagramm, vse izlozheno prakticheski oficial'nym tonom.
Authors: Erasmo Recami
Comments: Comments: paper of 21 pages [source-file in Word]. Small parts of it appeared in the Italian newspapers (beginning of 2006) and particularly in the Journal Fisica in Medicina (2006), issue no.3, pp.261-265
Issledovatel' tvorchestva Maiorany prodolzhaet vykladyvat' v Arhiv razlichnye materialy. Na etot raz, eto stat'ya Ettore, kotoraya ne byla opublikovana im pri zhizni. V posledstvii stat'ya taki byla napechatana, i vot teper' ee mozhno uvidet' v svobodnom dostupe.
Authors: Victor M. Yakovenko
Comments: 24 pages, 11 figures, 144 citations
Chestno govorya, u menya vsya eta ekonofizika vyzyvaet, kak by skazat', smeshannye chuvstva. Tem ne menee, komu-to mozhet pokazat'sya poleznym prosmotret' nekotoryi obzor po etoi teme. Kak vidno, material soprovozhdaetsya bol'shim kolichestvom ssylok.
Authors: M. Zobov, for the DAFNE Team
Comments: Invited Talk at VII International Workshop to the Memory of Prof. V.P.Sarantsev "Problems of Charged Particle Beams: Electron-Positron Colliders", to be published in "PHYSICS of PARTICLES and NUCLEI, LETTERS"
DAFNE - uspeshnyi eksperiment v oblasti elementarnyh chastic. V nastoyashee vremya planiruetsya apgreid priborov. Eto horoshii moment dlya podvedeniya nekotoryh itogov i zaglyadyvaniya v budushee.
Authors: Max Tegmark
Comments: 3 pages, this is the "director's cut" version of the September 15 2007 New Scientist cover story. For references, see the "full strength" version at arXiv:0704.0646
Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya! Avtor "narochno" vybiraet ochen' krainyuyu poziciyu, kotoruyu mozhno opisat' tak: "Vselennaya ne prosto opisyvaetsya matematikoi, vselennaya i est' matematika".
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Bikas K Chakrabarti
Comments: 6 pages, Springer style, from 'Econophysics of Stock and Other Markets', Eds. A. Chatterjee, B. K. Chakrabarti, New Economic Windows Series, Springer, Milan, 2006, pp~219-224
Vsego na shesti stranicah predstavlen vzglyad fizika na istoriyu ekonomiki. Po-moemu ochen' lyubopytno.
Authors: M. Heydari-Malayeri
Comments: 12 pages, paper presented at the Academia Europaea 19th Annual Conference "The Dialogue of Three Cultures and our European Heritage" (Toledo Crucible of the Culture and the Dawn of the Renaissance), 2 - 5 September 2007, Toledo, Spain. Chair, Organizing Committee: Prof. Manuel G. Velarde
Istoricheskoe issledovanie, posvyashennoe svyazyam arabskoi (persidskoi) i evropeiskoi (ispanskoi, tochnee - andaluzskoi) astronomii.
Authors: Erasmo Recami, Salvatore Esposito
Comments: paper of 28 pages (in English). A finished, enlarged version of this artice will appear as the editors' Preface, at the beginning of the coming book "Ettore Majorana - Unpublished Research Notes on Theoretical Physics", edited by S.Esposito, E.Recami, A.van der Merwe and R.Battiston, to be printed by Springer verlag, Berlin
Avtory dayut obzor neopublikovannyh zametok Maiorany (chast' iz nih byla neskol'ko let nazad izdana sovremennymi issledovatelyami istorii nauki, chast' gotovitsya k publikacii).
Authors: Erasmo Recami et al.
Comments: 80 pages: in Italian, but with 51 self-explanatory photographs in color, and 19 black-and-white sketches, of the 178 Scientific Instruments of Historical Interest for Physics here catalogued and described. ournal-ref: "Gli Strumenti Scientifici di Interesse Storico del 'Lussana', del 'Vittorio Emanuele', e del 'Quarenghi' di Bergamo" (Tipolito Castell; Bergamo, 2002)
Bol'shoi tekst na ital'yanskom, posvyashennyi opisaniyu staryh nauchnyh priborov,
nahodyashihsya v treh ital'yanskih kolledzhah v Bergamo (kolledzh-vozmozhno, ne
luchshii variant perevoda, no on otrazhaet sut'). Instrumenty ne obyazatel'no
"vremen Galileo", no est' i v samom dele starinnye. Privedeno mnogo
illyustracii, tak chto stoit obratit' vnimanie.
Authors: Ivan Todorov
Comments: 12 pages, PDF
Nebol'shaya zametka, posvyashennaya biografii Gedelya i ego filosofskim interesam.
Authors: J. Harnad
Comments: 5 pages, book review
Kriticheskaya recenziya na knigu Smolina "Trudnosti s fizikoi". Po-moemu, kommentarii recenzenta spravedlivy.
Authors: Irit Maor, Lawrence Krauss, Glenn Starkman
Comments: 13 pages
Avtory privodyat dostatochno ubeditel'noe rassuzhdenie v pol'zu togo, chto ne stoit vosprinimat' fakt nashego sushestvovaniya kak nechto bezuslovno ob'yasnyayushee velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Naprimer, pri podobnom ob'yasnenii molchalivo predpolagaetsya, chto my yavlyaemsya tipichnymi nablyudatelyami, chto ne ochevidno.
Authors: Ryan Scranton et al.
Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to PASP
Opisan proekt Sky in Google Earth. Bol'she skazat'-to i nechego!
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: U. Kraus
Comments: To be published in The European Journal of physics, 13 pages, 9 figures, for associated mpeg files see this http URL (section "First-person visualizations of the special and general theory of relativity")
Avtor predlagaet animacii effektov STO i OTO. Stat'ya soderzhit nekotorye neobhodimye poyasneniya.
Authors: Paolo Di Vecchia, Adam Schwimmer
Comments: Latex 18 pages, 3 figures, use svmult.cls. Contribution to the volume "String theory and fundamental interactions", dedicated to Gabriele Veneziano on his 65th birthday
Pervye raboty po tomu napravleniyu, kotoroe pozzhe prevratilos' v teoriyu strun, prinadlezhat izvestneishemu fiziku-teoretiku Gabriele Veneciano. K ego yubileyu (tradicionno v mire otmechayut 65-letie uchenyh, prichina etogo budet maloponyatna bol'shinstvu nashih nachal'nikov, zanimayushih svoi posty pozhiznenno) Veneciano i napisan nebol'shoi obzor po rannim rabotam v teorii strun.
Authors: Frank Wilczek
Comments: 20 pages, no figures
Neprostoi, no ochen' soderzhatel'nyi tekst ot Franka Vil'cheka.
Authors: B. Ananthanarayan, Kshitij Garg
Comments: 6 pages, submitted to Current Science
Avtory rassmatrivayut neskol'ko nedavnih eksperimentov (BELLE na KEK-B v Yaponii i KLOE na ustanovke DAFNE v Italii), v kotoryh bylo podtverzhdeno nablyudenie zaputyvaniya sostoyanii, a takzhe podtverzhdena t.n. CPT-teorema.
Authors: F. Petrelis, N. Mordant, S. Fauve
Comments: 40 pages, 13 figures
V astrofizike generaciya polya razlichnymi dinamo-mehanizmami igraet ogromnuyu rol'. Okazyvaetsya, i v laboratorii mozhno pytat'sya vosproizvesti takoi process. V stat'e opisyvaetsya tri uspeshnyh eksperimenta i obsuzhdayutsya ih rezul'taty.
Authors: Hiroyasu Tajima
Comments: 14 pages, 21 figures, Invited Talk at 11th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria, February 19-24, 2007, To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods A
Avtor daet obzor sovremennyh eksperimentov v oblasti kosmicheskih luchei: observatoriya im. Ozhe, PAMELA, ICECUBE, ANITA, rassmatrivaet cherenkovskie teleskopy (CANGAROO, HESS, MAGIC, VERITAS), zatem rech' idet o sputnike GLAST.
Authors: Daniel Kennefick
Comments: 30 pages, to appear in proceedings of the 7th Conference on the History of General Relativity, Tenerife, 2005
Avtor rassmatrivaet vazhnyi moment v istorii nauki: ekspediciyu 1919 goda, v hode kotoroi proveryalos' predskazanie OTO ob otklonenii luchei sveta v pole Solnca. Vyvod avtora v tom, chto nablyudateli ne byli predvzyaty, t.e., chto oni ne stremilis' podtverdit' OTO, a provodili normal'noe neangazhirovannoe issledovanie.
Authors: Bruno Preziosi, Erasmo Recami
Comments: bilingual submission of 34 pages: (i) article in English (16 pages), and (ii) article in Italian (18 pages). Edited, "finished" versions of these papers appeared as: Journal-ref: chapter 11 in "Ettore Majorana - Scientific Papers", ed. by G.F.Bassani and SIF (S.I.F. and Springer; Bologna and Berlin, 2006)
Ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya rabote izvestnogo ital'yanskogo fizika i matematika Ettore Maiorany. V stat'e privodyatsya zametki, podgotovlennye im dlya lekcii v Neapole.
Authors: H. Tsuchiya et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
6 yanvarya etogo goda po vremya sil'noi grozy vblizi Yaponii bylo zaregistrirovano vspyshechnoe gamma-izluchenie. Signal dlilsya 40 sekund. Spektr tyanulsya do 10 MeV. Avtory pishut, chto eto pervoe pryamoe ukazanie na to, chto elektrony mogut uskoryat'sya pri grozah do energii vyshe 10 MeV do grozovogo razryada. Gamma-izluchenie takih energii ot groz videli i ran'she. Klyuchevoi moment, chto vsplesk voznik do razryada (sm. risunok).
Sravnite dve verhnie kartinki, na kotoryh pokazan schet gamma-kvantov, s chetvertoi, na kotoroi pokazano pole. Vidno, chto vsplesk proizoshel do razryada. Razryad proizoshel posle opticheskoi vspyshki (pervyi pik na risunke (c)).
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: T. Murphy et al.
Comments: 12 pages, 9 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Predstavleny dannye vtoroi epohi obzora galakticheskoi ploskosti, provodimogo na chastote 843 MGc v observatorii Molonglo. Pokryta oblast' neba s galakticheskoi shirotoi do 10 gradusov, i dolgotoi ot 245 do 365 gradusov. V dannoi stat'e opisany rezul'taty, poluchennye po kompaktnym istochnikam. Voshlo 48 850 ob'ektov.
Authors: F. Alexander Bais, J. Doyne Farmer
Comments: The paper has 64 pages and 9 figures. It is a contribution to "The handbook on the philosophy of information", edited by J. van Benthem and P. Adriaans, to be published by Elsevier
Za strannovatym nazvaniem kroetsya dostupnoe vvedenie v te razdely statfiziki, kotorye tak ili inache imeyut otnoshenie k ponyatiyu "informaciya".
Authors: Erasmo Recami
Comments: (i) English version: Article of 12 pages [appeared, in similar forms, in Proc.Sc.-Internat.Conf.Majorana's Legacy and Phys.of XXI Century (Sissa;Trieste,2006), and in EJTP 3(10) (2006) 1-10]. (ii) Italian version: Article of 21 pages [appeared, in similar form, in the journ. Ital.assoc.phys.teachers (AIF), La Fisica nella Scuola 39 (2006),issue no.1]
Nebol'shoi ocherk, posvyashennyi kul'tovoi dlya ital'yanskoi fiziki figure - Ettore Maiorane.
Predstavleny angliiskii i ital'yanskii varianty stat'i.
Authors: Tristan L. Smith et al.
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRD
Rassmotreny effekty, svyazannye s poyavleniem dopolnitel'nyh chlenov v uravneniyah OTO. Konkretno, rassmotrena t.n. gravitaciya Cherna-Simonsa. Takie modifikacii voznikayut v teorii strun.
Rezul'taty raschetov sravnivayutsya s dannymi po povedeniyu sputnikov, chto pozvolyaet dat' ogranicheniya na parametry teorii.
Authors: Hooman Davoudiasl
Comments: 4 pages
V astrofizicheskuyu chast' Arhiva otzerkalili maiskuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu lyubopytnoi teme. Rech' idet ob interesnoi koncepcii "nechastic". V dannoi zhe stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kakie ogranicheniya na etu model' mogut dat' astrofizicheskie dannye, i chto tut mozhno voobshe ozhidat'.
Authors: Michael Schreiber
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Annalen der Physik (Ann. Phys.)
Avtor rassmatrivaet indeks Hirsha dlya 26 bakinskih komissarov fizikov, ne otnosyashihsya k kogorte superizvestnyh i vydayushihsya specialistov. Do etogo, v osnovnom, analiz provodilsya na osnove dannyh ob ochen' izvestnyh uchenyh (eto ponyatno, t.k. v etom sluchae vsemi zavedomo budet prinyat v kachestve "granichnogo usloviya" ih bol'shoi vklad, kotoromu dolzhen sootvetstvovat' bol'shoi indeks). Na moi vzglyad, dostatochno interesno dlya teh, kto voobshe interesuetsya voprosami ispol'zovaniya formal'nyh kriteriev dlya ocenki truda uchenyh.
Authors: R. H. Narayan
Comments: 8 pages
Daetsya obzor razlichnyh vremennyh ciklov, rassmatrivavshihsya v drevnei indiiskoi astronomii.
Authors: J. E. Hirsch
Comments: 6 pages
Rassmatrivaetsya predskazatel'naya sila indeksa Hirsha. Pokazano, chto indeks lineino rastet, v to vremya kak drugie indikatory imeyut bolee hitrye zavisimosti. Pravda, illyustracii provedeny na edinichnyh i, vozmozhno, pekulyarnyh primerah. Posmotrim, navernyaka kto-to budet povtoryat' eto na bol'shih i raznoobraznyh vyborkah.
Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
Comments: 52 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX
Ya ne raz obrashal vnimanie chitatelei Obzorov na metodicheskie raboty Zuraba Silagadze. Mne kazhetsya, chto chasto emu udaetsya ponyatno napisat' o slodnyh veshah. V dannom sluchae ya ne mogu sudit', naskol'ko tam vse verno. No dumayu, chto s dostovernost'yu tam vse v poryadke.
Authors: Gianni Fiorentini, Marcello Lissia, Fabio Mantovani
Comments: 56 pages in RMP ReVTeX format, 36 figures, submitted to Physics Reports.
Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi geoneitrino i issledovaniyam zemnyh nedr s ih pomosh'yu.
Geoneitrino obrazuyutsya v rezul'tate raspada radioaktivnyh elementov (napomnyu, chto dlya "tomografii" Zemli v principe mozhno ispol'zovat' i solnechnye neitrino, takzhe, neitrino ot uskoritelei mogut davat' v tom chisle i geofizicheskuyu informaciyu). Raspadayutsya uran, torii, kalii. Informaciya okazyvaetsya unikal'noi, t.k. voobshe kanalov polucheniya dannyh ob ochen' glubokih nedrah nemnogo.
Obzor soderzhit mnogo interesnyh dannyh po stroeniyu Zemli. Krome togo, rassmatrivayutsya interesnye proekty eksperimentov, vozmozhnye proryvy v nashem ponimanii stroeniya planety i mnogoe drugoe.
Authors: Anthony F. J. van Raan
Comments: 17 pages, 1 table, 11 figures
Ocherednaya stat'ya po naukometrii.
Authors: Hans-Ake Gustafsson
Comments: 6 pages, Proceedings of HCP 2006
Korotkii ponyatnyi obzor, posvyashennyi detektoru ALICE (A LArge Ion Collider Experiment) na LHC. Ozhidaetsya, chto k koncu goda sozdanie detektora budet zaversheno.
Authors: Michael Schreiber
Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Scientometrics
Posle znamenitoi stat'i Hirsha, v kotoroi byl vveden h-indeks, poyavilos' mnozhestvo popytok modificirovat' etot pokazatel' ili vvesti svoi. Napomnyu, chto h-indeks pokazyvaet chislo statei s citiruemost'yu bol'she h (t.e. indeks, ravnyi 12, pokazyvaet, chto u uchenogo est' 12 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 12). Indeks Hirsha ochevidno niveliruet nalichie u uchenogo neskol'kih supercitiruemyh statei (k primeru, esli vy napisali superrabotu s citiruemost'yu 10000, a potom delali srednie dobrotnye raboty, kazhdaya iz kotoryh poluchala citiruemost' 10, to do indeksa Hirsha 12 vy nikgoda ne doberetes', hotya za superrabotu vam mozhet uzhe nobelevku vruchili). Sobstvenno, indeks Hirsha dlya etogo i ne prednaznachen. On pokazyvaet produktivnost'. Mozhno ispol'zovat' ego vmeste s tradicionnym polnym citirovaniem, i togda vse budet neploho (vazhno tol'ko kak-to uchityvat' dinamiku nabora indeksov). Tem ne menee, Egg (Egghe) predlozhil svoi indeks - g - kotoryi pytaetsya odnim chislom opisat' i h-index, i vklad nebol'shogo chisla superstatei. Etot indeks pokazyvaet chislo statei, kotorye pozvolyayut nabrat' citiruemost' g2. Esli est' uchenyi, u kotorogo est' odna stat'ya s citiruemost'yu 10000, i 99 statei s nulevoi, ego indeks g budet raven 100, t.e. budet ochen' vysokim. Ego takzhe mozhno nabrat', naprimer, imeya 100 statei, kazhdaya iz kotoryh imeet citiruemost' 100. Esli raspredelenie statei po citiruemosti dostatochno gladkoe, to dva indeksa (h i g) budut dostatochno blizki drug k drugu (skazhem, po dannym NASA ADS u menya h=11, g=15 pri polnoi citiruemosti chut' za 300 i samoi citiruemoi rabote s rezul'tatom 32, vse eto s uchetom samocitiruemosti).
V dannoi stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kak uchet samocitirovaniya vliyaet na indeks g. Vliyanie sil'nee, chem na hirshevskii indeks (eto yasno, t.k. v sluchae h-indeksa samocitirovanie vliyaet tol'ko vblizi kriticheskogo znacheniya, a dlya g-indeksa vliyanie vazhno "vsyu dorogu", t.k. indeks integral'nyi). Avtor polagaet, chto eto pokazyvaet preimushestvo g-indeksa. Eto tak, no tol'ko posle vychisheniya samocitirovaniya. Mne kazhetsya, chto verno i utverzhdenie o tom, chto nevychishennyi h-indeks luchshe nevychishennogo g-indeksa.
Obsudit' v ZhZh
sergepolar.
Authors: Patricia A. Whitelock
Comments: Paper given at the 2007 meeting of the National Society of Black Physicists; 10 pages, 2 photographs. To appear in American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings
Napomnyu, chto v Yuzhnoi Afrike stoit 10 metrovyi teleskop (postroennyi po sheme Hobbi-Eberli), a takzhe tam mozhet byt' razmeshena SKA. V obzore opisyvaetsya vse , svyazannoe s etimi proektami, a takzhe koe-chto drugoe i nekotorye plany astronomicheskogo soobshestva etoi strany. Po-moemu, interesno.
Authors: V. Djokovic, P. Grujic
Comments: 21 pages
V stat'e rassmotreny religioznye vzglyady Einshteina. Ne berus' sudit' o kachestve stat'i s tochki zreniya professional'nyh filosofov i psihologov, no mnogo interesnogo.
Authors: Marko Horvat
Comments: 10 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables International Journal of Astrobiology, 5, 143-149 (2006)
"Tak oni ee i ne poimali".
Ocherednaya popytka ocenit' veroyatnost' registracii signalov ot zelenyh
chelovechkov. Poluchenie konkretnyh znachenii okruzheno takim kolichestvom "esli",
chto, na moi vzglyad, vsyakii smysl ocenok teryaetsya.
Authors: C.J. Efthimiou, R.A. Llewellyn
Comments: includes 28 pictures; invited article for the German journal Praxis der Naturwissensch Physik
Dostatochno spornoe zanyatie: razbirat', chto ne tak s zakonami fiziki v tryukah v fil'mah. No est' ves'ma zanimatel'nye primery.
Authors: G. E. Stedman, R. B. Hurst, K. U. Schreiber
Comments: 11 pages, accepted optics communications
Krome vsem privychnyh lazerov est' eshe i t.n. kol'cevye. O nih mozhno pochitat' zdes' ili v Vikipedii (sm. takzhe stat'yu pro effekt San'yaka). Avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnye primeneniya etih ustroistv dlya registracii geofizicheskih signalov i dazhe gravitacionnyh voln!
Authors: J. Hansen
Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures; revised and expanded from written testimony presented to the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, U.S. House of Representatives, 26 April 2007
Doklad, prochitannyi v Palate predstavitelei, na temu snizheniya soderzhaniya SO2 v atmosfere i predotvrasheniya izmenenii, svyazannyh s global'nym potepleniem.
Authors: Luis A. Anchordoqui
Comments: 40 pages
Detal'no ne vchityvalsya, no, pohozhe, avtor vylozhil vpolne horoshii konspekt kursa po astronomii. Mnogo poleznyh formul vypisano. Mnogo krasivyh kartinok. V konce privodyatsya zadachi s resheniyami.
Authors: G. Galletta, et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures. Mem. SAIt, in press
LISA - Laboratorio Italiano di Simulazione Ambiente (Ital'yanskaya laboratoriya dlya modelirovaniya okruzhayushei sredy, sm. opisanie proekta na ital'yanskom yazyke). Proekt realizovan v Padue. Eksperiment pozvolyaet modelirovat' usloviya ot normal'nyh dlya cheloveka do marsianskih. Imenno marsianskoi chasti proekta i posvyashena korotkaya zametka.
Bylo provedeno neskol'ko "progonov", v kotoryh spory i bakterii podvergalis' "vnezemnym" mucheniyam v usloviyah, pohozhih na marsianskie. Cel'yu bylo proverit' vyzhivut ili net. Koe-kakie obrazcy vyzhivali.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Silvio R. Dahmen
Comments: 15 pages, no figures
Posle nebol'shogo razbega avtor rasskazyvaet ob entuziazme Bol'cmana v oblasti vozduhoplavaniya. Opisyvayutsya lekcii Bol'cmana, posyashennye dannoi probleme, ego lichnye kontakty i, v chastnosti, perepiska s entuziastami poletov na apparatah tyazhelee vozduha.
Authors: V.V. Flambaum
Comments: Update on variation of fundamental constants. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A and McKellar/Joshi Festschrift proceedings (World Scientific)
Privedena svodka poslednih dannyh po verhnim predelam na variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Razumeetsya, v predelah pogreshnosti nablyudenii vse postoyanno.
Authors: Pierre Kervella, Paulo J. V. Garcia
Comments: 13 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of the 2006 Euro Summer School "Observation and Data Reduction with the VLTI", 4-16 June 2006, Goutelas (France)
Ochen' poleznyi tekst. Uchit tomu, kak sostavlyat' zayavki na nablyudeniya, napravlyaemye v Evropeiskuyu Yuzhnuyu observatoriyu.
Authors: Virginia Trimble, Markus J. Aschwanden, Carl J. Hansen
Comments: 244 pages, no figures
Kak izvestno, kniga bez kartinok, ili hotya by bez razgovorov - kniga neinteresnaya. Kartinok net, zato razgovorov!!!! V obshem, vstrechaite! Ocherednoi ezhegodnyi obzor Virdzhinii Trimbl!
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Oded Regev
Comments: 2 pages,
Sobstvenno, stat'yu chitatelyam pridetsya skachivat' s saita avtora.
Authors: Bertrand Duplantier
Comments: 107 pages, 21 figures, expanded and updated version of the article originally published in Einstein, 1905-2005, Poincar\'e Seminar 2005 (Birkh\"auser Verlag, 2006). Journal-ref: Brownian Motion, "Diverse and Undulating'', in "Einstein, 1905-2005". Poincar\'e Seminar 2005, Th. Damour, O. Darrigol, B. Duplantier and V. Rivasseau, Editors, pp. 201-293 (Birkh\"auser Verlag, Basel, 2006)
Ogromnaya stat'ya (kniga prakticheski), posvyashennaya brounovskomu dvizheniyu. Slovo "volnistoe" v zagolovke otrazhaet kolebaniya populyarnosti etogo fenomena. Posle desyatiletii otnositel'nogo zabveniya v nashi dni brounovskie chasticy "snova v boyu".
Authors: Abhay Ashtekar
Comments: 21 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the 11th Marcel Grossmann Conference
Otlichnyi obzor po teme. Napisano vpolne dostupno. Ne to chtoby sovsem bez slozhnyh formul, no prakticheski bez nih.
Authors: Ryan Barnett, Gil Refael, Mason A. Porter, Hans Peter Buchler
Comments: 5 pages
Rassmotrena interesnaya situaciya, kogda sosushestvuyut dva kondensata s raznymi massami chastic (naprimer, raznye atomy). Obrazuyutsya dve sistemy vihrei. Eti dve reshetki "sceplyayutsya" - vihri obrazuyut pary. V itoge voznikaet interesnaya situaciya, kogda kondensaty vrashayutsya s raznoi chastotoi (pri ravnoi plotnosti vihrei, chto obespechivaetsya scepleniem, i raznyh massah, my imeem razlichnye chastoty). Dlya menya eto bylo novym fokusom sverhtekuchih zhidkostei.
Authors: Emil T.Akhmedov, Douglas Singleton
Comments: 7 pages
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto detektory, dvigayushiesya v techenie konechnogo vremeni s postoyayannym uskoreniem, budut "videt'" izluchenie Unru. Dlya sluchaya dvizheniya po okruzhnosti, po mneniyu avtorov, izluchenie Unru sovpadaet s izvestnym (i eksperimental'no proverennym) effektom Sokolova-Ternova.
Authors: Krzysztof Zbigniew Stanek
Comments: 7 pages
Zabavnoe predlozhenie. Avtor predlagaet sozdat' arhiv otvergnutyh zayavok na nablyudeniya. Ideya otchasti sostoit v tom, chtoby kazhdyi mog skazat': "Nu ved' ya zhe predlagal!" Krome togo, mozhno budet, navernoe, cherpat' idei iz takogo arhiva.
Avtor, v kachestve pervogo vznosa, opisyvaet svoyu zayavku, podannuyu na KTH, i otvergnutuyu. Ya by, pravda, postesnyalsya nazyvat' svoyu zayavku "velikolopnoi" publichno :)
Authors: M. Kando et al.
Comments: 17 pages, 5 figures
Po-moemu, ves'ma interesnaya rabota. Ideya sostoit vot v chem (sm. shemu ustanovki na ris. 1). Prohozhdenie moshnogo lazernogo puchka (driver laser) cherez sverhzvukovuyu struyu geliya sozdaet specificheskoe raspredelenie elektronnoi plotnosti: obrazuyutsya parabolicheskie poverhnosti (sm. ris. 2). Eti poverhnosti dvizhutsya s okolosvetovoi skorost'yu. Vstrechnyi (v dannoi sheme ugol raven 45 gradusam) lazernyi puchok vzaimodeistvuet s etimi "zerkalami". Avtory sravnivayut process so stolknoveniem tennisnogo myacha s raketkoi, dvizhusheisya s relyativistskoi skorost'yu (otsyuda i nazvanie stat'i). Proishodit izmenenie chastoty vtorogo lazernogo puchka (source laser) i szhatie impul'sa.
Avtory polagayut, chto razvitie ih metoda pozvolit dostigat' Shvingerovskih polei, "rvushih vakuum".
Shema ustanovki.
Pokazany "zerkala". Cvet otrazhaet plotnost' elektronov posle prohozhdeniya
pervogo lazernogo puchka (driver laser). Imenno eti "zerkala" i budut
vzaimodeistvovat' so vtorym puchkom (source laser).
V proekte prinimali uchastie i rossiiskie uchenye.
Authors: Edoardo Milotti
Comments: 9 pages
Kak izvestno, ital'yancy prosto bogotvoryat Fermi. Poetomu v Arhive regulyarno poyavlyayutsya raboty istoricheskogo haraktera, osnovannye na kakoi-nibud' maloizvestnoi lekcii etogo velikogo fizika. V dannom sluchae Edoardo Milotti privodit perevod nebol'shoi zametki Fermi, opublikovannoi v 1934 godu, i osnovannoi na lekcii 1933 goda.
Lekciya posvyashena poslednim, na tot moment, sobytiyam v izuchenii mikromira (tol'ko chto byli otkryty neitron i pozitron). Osoboe mesto zanimaet vopros ob identichnosti elementarnyh chastic. Na moi vzglyad, identichnost' chastic - edva li ne samyi udivitel'nyi fenomen v prirode (v nezhivoi prirode, vozmozhno, samyi udivitel'nyi). Ves'ma interesno posmotret', kak na zare nauki ob elementarnyh chasticah formirovalas' standartnaya, na segodnyashnii den', kartina. Bol'shim dostoinstvom tut yavlyaetsya yasnost' izlozheniya, svoistvennaya Fermi.
Authors: Gary R. Goldstein
Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures, for Proceedings ISSP Erice 2006
Eto biograficheskaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya izvestnomu fiziku-teoretiku Richardu Dalitcu (inogda pishut Dalic). Dalitc rodilsya i vyros v Avstralii, a svoyu nauchnuyu rabotu nachal v Kembridzhe v seredine 20 veka.
Naibolee izvestna ego "diagramma Dalitca" (Dalitz plot). Eta diagramma? vvedennaya Dalitcem pri rassmotrenii raspadov K-mezonov, kraine udobna dlya issledovaniya troinyh raspadov chastic.
Authors: L.C. Natarajan, A.L. Melott, B.M. Rothschild, L.D. Martin (
Comments: 4 pages
Koroten'kaya zametka, posvyashennaya issledovaniyam chastoty zabolevaniya odnim iz vidov raka u dinozavrov. Motivaciya prosta. Esli dinozavry vymerli iz-za zhestkogo izlucheniya (razrushenie ozonovogo sloya, blizkaya vspyshka sverhnovoi ili gamma-vsplesk i tp.), to chastota zabolevaniya rakom dolzhna byt' vyshe. Tak vot, ona ne vyshe. Razumeetsya, eto ne kakoi-to superokonchatel'nyi vyvod. Tem ne menee, metod kraine interesen.
Koe-chto interesnoe mozhno pocherpnut' na etoi stranice v Kanzasskom universitete.
Authors: Paul H. Frampton
Comments: 63 pages latex
Srazu skazhu, Pol Frempton - dostatochno izvestnyi i kompetentnyi uchenyi. Poetomu dannoe esse (po suti, predstavlyaemyi tekst yavlyaetsya nebol'shoi nauchno-populyarnoi knigoi) vpolne zasluzhivaet prochteniya. Avtor zadaetsya "vechnym" voprosom o prirode vremeni.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Frank J. Tipler
Comments: 10 pages
Avtor razvivaet i argumentiruet svoyu tochku zreniya, kotoraya svoditsya k tomu,
chto:
a) razumnaya zhizn' neobhodimo yavlyaetsya redkim fenomenom,
b) razumnaya zhizn' yavlyaetsya neobhodimym fenomenom i dolzhna sushestvovat'
"do konca vremen".
Authors: Anthony F. J. van Raan
Comments: 26 pages, 33 figures, 3 tables. submitted to the Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology
Interesnoe issledovanie. Rassmotreno 100 krupneishih (v terminah chisla publikacii) universitetov Evropy. Sushestvenno, chto pod "evropeiskimi universitetami" imeyutsya vvidu universitety zapadnoi Evropy i Izrailya. MGU vy tam ne naidete. Lidiruyut, kak i sledovalo ozhidat' britanskie (vprochem, mozhno skazat' "angliiskie", ibo vse oni nahodyatsya v etoi chasti Soedinennogo Korolevstva, dva universiteta Shotlandii voshli v top-30, no sil'no ustupaya angliiskim zavedeniyam).
Zhelayushim s'ekonomit' vremya sovetuyu srazu chitat' stranicu 25, gde perechisleny osnovnye rezul'taty (sdelano eto bolee podrobno, chem v abstrakte). V stat'e delaetsya neskol'ko interesnyh vyvodov. V chastnosti, otnositel'noe chislo necitiruemyh statei snizhaetsya s rostom obshego kolichestva publikacii. Voobshe, v srednem, krupnye (povtoryus', v etrminah chisla publikacii) universitety, imeyut bolee vysokie pokazateli.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: David T. Brookes, Eugenia Etkina
Comments: 18 pages, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. ST:PER
Avtory pytayutsya ponyat' naskol'ko yazyk (metafory i tp.) meshaet ili pomogaet studentam v izuchenii fiziki. V chastnosti, nekotorye trudnosti v izuchenii kvantovoi mehaniki avtory svyazyvayut s yazykovymi trudnostyami.
Authors: Nick Mavromatos, Mairi Sakellariadou
Comments: 5 pages
S odnoi storony, nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik dali stol' sil'nye argumenty v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii, chto sporit' s etim vse slozhnee i slozhnee. S drugoi storony, "za borodu" chasticy temnoi materii ne poimany, znachit, po merkam teorii elementarnyh chastic i analogichnyh ei, kotorye privykli bazirovat'sya na dannyh laboratornyh (uskoritel'nyh i tp.) eksperimentov, eshe nichego okonchatel'no ne dokazano. Pri etom, blagodarya rabote Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya (MOND) perezhila vtoroe rozhdenie posle poyavleniya teorii TeVeS. Teoreticheskaya privlekatel'nost' poslednei ochen' velika, nesmotrya na to, chto, vo-pervyh, est' dannye nablyudenii, kotorye MOND bez uhishrenii opisat' ne mozhet, a vo-vtoryh, dlya TeVeS net, kak govoryat, mikrofizicheskoi motivacii. Vot razresheniyu poslednei problemy i posvyashena stat'ya.
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto teorii tipa TeVeS mogut voznikat' v nekotoryh variantah teorii strun. Takzhe avtory obsuzhdayut, kak neitrino mogut igrat' rol' v poyavlenii temnoi energii.
Takzhe otmechu, chto na pervoi stranicy privedeno ochen' udachnoe, kak mne pokazalos', opisanie TeVeS.
Authors: Jordi Miralda-Escude
Comments: 11 pages
Kak uzhe ne raz byvalo, pod svetlyi prazdnik pervogo aprelya v Arhiv vykladyvayutsya zamechatel'nye feikovye stat'i.
Miral'da-Eskude parodiruet kosmologicheskie stat'i i predstavlyaet svoyu stryngbotichnuyu (Stryngbohtyk) model'. Etimologiya slova vozvoditsya k katalonskomu estambotic, chto oznachaet "ekstravagantnoe i smeshnoe".
Sredi drugih statei stoit otmetit' astro-ph/0703783, gde avtory predlagayut dopolnitel'nye "temnye" komponenty, a takzhe astro-ph/0703806, posvyashennuyu "analizu" anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hondou et al.
Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 75 No. 8, August, 2006, 084801
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto v mestah massovogo skopleniya lyudei v tom sluchae, esli mikrovolny mogut ispytyvat' otrazheniya (naprimer, v liftah ili poezdah), obluchenie za schet sotovyh telefonov mozhet byt' sushestvenno uvelicheno do znachenii, kotorye uzhe mozhno schitat' riskovannymi.
Konechno, kak i vo vsyakom sluchae, svyazannom s "goryachei" tematikoi i nizkimi dozami, nuzhny ochen' detal'nye issledovaniya dlya nezavisimogo podtverzhdeniya (ili oproverzheniya) etogo vyvoda.
Authors: Eric Gourgoulhon
Comments: Lectures given at the General Relativity Trimester held in the Institut Henri Poincare (Paris, Sept.-Dec. 2006) and at the VII Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics (Playa del Carmen, Mexico, 26. Nov. - 2 Dec. 2006), 220 pages, 25 figures.
Fakticheski, eto kniga, posvyashennaya ochen' populyarnoi seichas tematike - chislennomu modelirovaniyu effektov OTO. Nikakogo "obshego" interesa rabota ne predstavlyaet, no, po vsei vidimosti, yavlyaetsya polezneishim rukovodstvom dlya teh, kto v samom dele etim zanimaetsya.
Authors: Serge Galam, Frans Jacobs
Comments: 18 pages, 12 figures
Avtory modeliruyut process demokraticheskogo prinyatiya resheniya pri nalichii "nesgibaemyh", t.e. uchastnikov processa, neizmenyayushih svoego mneniya. Konechno, model' ochen' uproshennaya. Zhizn' gorazdo slozhnee. Tem ne menee. Interesno, chto v ramkah rassmotrennoi modeli 17 procentov "nesgibaemyh" garantiruyut pobedu svoei tochke zreniya (konechno, pri otsutstvii takih zhe upertyh konkurentov).
Authors: Marcus Bleicher
Comments: 10 pages, Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics
Obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnosti sozdaniya chernyh dyr v laboratornyh eksperimentah. Razumeetsya, v pervuyu ochered' rech' idet ob opytah na uskoritelyah. Stat'ya, na moi vzglyad, napisana na raznyh urovnyah slozhnosti. T.e., komu interesno - te mogut posmotret' i formuly, a komu net - te prosto ih propustyat, no vse ravno i im dostanetsya svoi kusochek informacii.
Authors: M.V. Simkin
Comments: 4 pages
Kak izvestno, kakoe-to sobytie v zhizni privodit k tomu, chto vnimanie prityagivaetsya ko vsemu, chto s etim svyazano. Naprimer, vy nachinaete oformlyat' vizu, i tut zhe zamechaete, chto v spame mnogo soobshenii tipa "shengenskie vizy srochno". Ili, u vas slomalsya noutbuk, i tut zhe vy obrashaete vnimanie na spamovye soobshenie po etoi teme. Konechno, soobshenii ne stalo bol'she, prosto vy stali obrashat' na nih vnimanie. Tak vot, vchera my kupili dva polovichka, risunok kotoryh osnovan na kartinah Kandinskogo ....
V stat'e avtor opisyvaet rezul'taty dostatochno rasprostranennogo oprosa. Ideya ego prosta. Vy demonstriruete desyatok kartin, iz kotoryh polovina yavlyaetsya rabotami izvestnyh hudozhnikov (vazhno, konechno, chtoby kartiny ne byli superizvestnymi), a vtoraya polovina - eto nechto sovershenno ne schitayusheesya "vysokim iskusstvom", no vyglyadyashee pohozhe. Zadacha - skazat' kakie kartiny prinadlezhat Velikim, a kakie - tem, kto sovsem ne doberman. Osobenno prosto eto prodelyvat' s abstraktnym iskusstvom, chto i delaet avtor.
Rezul'taty dovol'no predskazuemy (ya kak-to i sam uchastvoval v takom oprose s ves'ma srednim rezul'tatom). Okolo treti otvechayushih ne mozhet otlichit' shedevr abstraktnogo iskusstva ot podelki. Osobenno interesno, chto avtor vydelil otvety, dannye s saitov izvestnyh hudozhestvennyh shkol. Rezul'tat tam ne sil'no vyshe srednego, vsego lish' procentov na 10 luchshe. Individual'nye oprosy lyudei, "blizkih k iskusstvu", tak zhe ne priveli k horoshim rezul'tatam.
Interesno, chto mnogie iz teh, kto dali 100-procentnyi otvet, poyasnili avtoru oprosa, chto pomoglo im to, chto oni mogut legko otlichat' fail, osnovannyi na reprodukcii real'noi kartiny, ot faila, iznachal'no sozdannogo v komp'yutere (ne znayu, v kakoi programme avtor sozdaval feikovye kartiny, nazovem ee "oboshennym fotoshopom"). Tak chto, esli vy avtor ne polenilsya poskanirovat' reprodukcii samodeyatel'nyh abstrakcionistov, vmesto sozdaniya fotozhab, to stoprocentnyh rezul'tatov bylo by eshe men'she.
Odnako, vse-taki tvoreniya masterov ugadyvayutsya chashe. T.e., v srednem "shedevrami" chashe nazyvayut v samom dele shedevry, a ne poddelki.
Na moi vzglyad, takie oprosy ne osobenno informativny. Abstrakcionizm tut ni pri chem, ravno kak i zhivopis'. Eto mozhno povtoryat' ne tol'ko s zhivopisnym materialom, i ne tol'ko s trudnym dlya vospriyatiya (prosto tut eto proshe i krasochnee). Hotya, vozmozhno ya oshibayus', i kto -to naidet tut racional'noe zerno.
Authors: Serge Galam
Comments: 17 pages, 8 figures
V razdele physics regulyarno poyavlyayutsya stat'i, posvyashennye statisticheskomu analizu rezul'tatov vyborov, a takzhe razlichnym modelyam formirovaniya obshestvennogo mneniya. Vot ocherednaya.
Avtor analiziruet situacii, neodnokratno voznikavshie v poslednee vremya v razvityh stranah (nam by ih problemy!), kogda soperniki na vyborah, predlagayu sushestvenno raznye programmy, prihodili k finishu "nozdrya v nozdryu". V stat'e predlagaetsya model', opisyvayushee formirovanie takih situacii.
Authors: Gunnar Nordstroem
Comments: tri stat'i 1914-15 gg.
Vylozhen perevod na angliiskii treh statei Nordstrema. Eto raboty "On the possibility of unifying the electromagnetic and the gravitational fields", "On a theory of electricity and gravitation", i "On a possible foundation of a theory of matter". Stat'i posvyasheny postroeniyu Nordstremom pyatimernoi teorii, prizvannoi ob'edinit' gravitacionnoe i elektromagnitnoe vzaimodeistviya (edakaya "teoriya vsego" obrazca 1915 goda).
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: Dennis M. Wilkinson, Bernardo A. Huberman
Comments: 14 pages
Avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye itogi, svyazannye s shestiletnei rabotoi Vikipedii. Provoditsya dovol'no interesnyi statisticheskii analiz.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Alexander Unzicker
Comments: 29 pages LaTeX, 2 figures
Dan horoshii perechen' dannyh po proverke teorii gravitacii na raznyh masshtabah.
Zamechu, chto po proverke zakonov tyagoteniya na malyh rasstoyaniyah nedavno byli polucheny novye rezul'taty (stat'ya s novymi rezul'tatami dostupna tut tut, takzhe sm. etot blog).
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: H. Nikolic
Comments: 7 pages
Dovol'no ostroumnaya stat'ya. Avtor rassmatrivaet "al'ternativnuyu istoriyu kvantovoi mehaniki". Tochnee, on zadaetsya voprosom, stala by kopengagenskaya interpretaciya dominiruyushei, esli by bomovskaya interpretaciya poyavilas' ran'she.
Authors: J. L. Garcia-Palacios
Comments: 104 pages, 15 figs. Undergraduate (2002) and graduate course notes (2005). Examples drawn from both translational and rotational Brownian motion
Lekcionnyi kurs po statisticheskoi fizike. Nichego osobennogo, no komu-to mozhet prigodit'sya.
Authors: N.R. Napolitano, M. Paolillo
Comments: Conference proceedings of the "1st Workshop of Astronomy and Astrophysics for Students" held in Naples (ITALY) on April 19-20, 2006. Published by INFN-Naples, eds. N.R. Napolitano & M. Paolillo.
Konechno, zagolovok nuzhdaetsya v ogovorkah, ibo studencheskih konferencii provodilos' i provoditsya ochen' mnogo. Itak, predstavleny materialy studencheskoi konferencii, proshedshei v aprele 2006 g. v Italii. Sami materialy udobnee skachat' otsyuda.
Authors: Jacob D. Bekenstein
Comments: Pedagogical introduction to MOND and review of modern developments. To appear shortly in Contemporary Physics; LaTeX with 6 figures, 15 pages
Pozhalui, imenno blagodarya rabotam (i avtoritetu) Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya gravitaciya stala v poslednie gody ves'ma populyarnoi, tochnee rech' idet o podhode, predlozhennom samim Bekenshteinom i nazyvaemom TeVeS.
V stat'e daetsya pdrobnyi i v meru dostupnyi obzor vo vsyu etu tematiku. Vsem interesuyushimsya nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Michael Schreiber
Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to EPL
Obsuzhdaetsya, kak samocitirovanie vliyaet na indeks Hirsha. Na konkretnyh (no anonimnyh) primerah pokazano, chto vliyanie dostatochno veliko. Konechno, dlya uchenyh s bol'shim indeksom (t.e. kogda ssylok ochen' mnogo) vliyainie samocitirovaniya nahoditsya na urovne neskol'kih procentov, no pri malom indekse samocitirovanie mozhet byt' opredelyayushim. (Voobshe govorya, na moi vzglyad, ves' analiz citiruemosti, na kakom by parametre eto vse ni osnovyvalos', dolzhen provodit'sya s uchetom samocitiruemosti, t.e., poprostu govorya, samossylki nado vykidyvat'. Prichem imeyutsya vvidu ne tol'ko ssylki avtora na samogo sebya, no i ssylki soavtorov po dannoi stat'e na dannuyu zhe stat'yu.)
Krome togo, v stat'e privoditsya dostatochno polnoe obsuzhdenie indeksa Hirsha, i daetsya horoshaya bibliografiya po rabotam, svyazannym s dannym pokazatelem aktivnosti uchenogo.
Authors: John D. Barrow
Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures. Paper delivered at 'Horizons of Truth', Kurt Goedel Centenary Meeting, Vienna, 27-29th April 2006
Obsuzhdaetsya, kak gedelevskaya teorema o nepolnote mozhet byt' svyazana s fizicheskimi issledovaniyami.
Authors: L. I. Meho
Comments: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Physics World (Janury 2007)
Interesnaya stat'ya, dayushaya obzor osnovnyh podhodov k ocenke vklada uchenyh, osnovannoi na citirovanii.
Authors: M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury
Comments: 3 pages, Significance, vol 3, no 4, pp 179-181 (2006)
Pomnitsya, v "Zveroboe" Fenimora Kupera, chitannom avtorom obzorov let edak 25 tomu nazad, odin iz personazhei, umiraya, govoril: "Snachala ubei, potom - skal'pirui". Avtory obsuzhdaemoi stat'i aktivno propagandiruyut eshe bolee ochevidnyi princip - "Snachala prochti - potom citirui!" Takoi podhod svyazan s tem, chto, kak pokazyvayut avtory, ochen' znachitel'naya dolya ssylok prosto kopiruetsya iz drugih statei, a sami zhe istochniki, na kotorye ukazyvayut ssylki, ne chitayutsya.
Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Stanislaw Bajtlik, Wlodek Kluzniak
Comments: Two pages, submitted to Physical Review A
V obychnom paradokse bliznecov, tochnee v ego ob'yasnenii, klyuchevuyu rol' igraet uskorenie (grubo govorya, molozhe tot, kotoryi ispytyval peregruzki). Avtory rassmatrivayut druguyu model', gde uskorenie bliznecov odinakovo, no skorosti, konechno, razlichny).
Bliznecy dvigayutsya vokrug chernoi dyry na rasstoyanii 3/2 gravitacionnogo radiusa. Eto radius t.n. svetovoi sfery. Interesnaya osobennost' sostoit v tom, chto uskorenie v dannom sluchae ne zavisit ot skorosti dvizheniya po orbite. Razumeetsya, tot, kotoryi dvizhetsya bystree, budet molozhe. No vot kak pokazat', chto on dvizhetsya bystree, esli uskoreniya ravny? Zdes' pomogayut svoistva shvarcshil'dovskoi metriki, kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v zadache. Po suti, v takoi sisteme mozhno opredelit' absolyutnuyu skorost', chto i razreshaet paradoks.
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Authors: Nikos Prantzos
Comments: 12 pages, 6 figures, Invited talk in "Strategies for Life Detection" (ISSI Bern, 24-28 April 2006), Eds, J. Bada et al., to appear in Space Science Reviews
Kak yasno iz nazvaniya, obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, gde v Galaktike usloviya dlya poyavleniya i razvitiya zhizni naibolee blagopriyatny. Razumeetsya, stat'ya soderzhit mnogo poleznyh dannyh o strukture i evolyucii nashego "zvezdnogo ostrova". Sam vopros o zone obitaemosti ostaetsya otkrytym, slishkom mnogo eshe neponyatno, no stat'ya interesnaya!
Authors: M.E. McCulloch
Comments: 15 pages, 2 bw figures, accepted by MNRAS 19th December 2006
Avtor predlagaet svoyu model', ob'yasnyayushuyu anomal'noe uskorenie Pionerov. Model' svyazana s izlucheniem Unru, i trebuet nekotoryh dostatochno ekzoticheskih predpolozhenii, no, tem ne menee, na dannyi moment nichemu ne protivorechit. Sut' sostoit v tom, chto u uskorenno dvizhushegosya tela nemnogo menyaetsya massa (ta, chto svyazana s inerciei). Naprimer, u tela massoi 1 kg, padayushego na Zemle (uskorenie 9.8 metrov v sekundu za sekundu), massa umen'shitsya na 7 10-11 kg.
Authors: Michael Courtney, Amy Courtney
Comments: 4 pages
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto kommercializaciya vysshego obrazovaniya, osnovannaya na podhode, v osnovanii kotorogo lezhit utverzhdenie o tom, chto potrebitelem vystupayut studenty, oshibochna, poskol'ko oshibochno bazovoe utverzhdenie. Potrebitelem, na ih vzglyad, vystupayut budushie rabotodateli, a takzhe nalogoplatel'shiki.
Authors: Dylan Walker, Huafeng Xie, Koon-Kiu Yan, Sergei Maslov
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures
Modifikaciya guglevskogo algoritma ispol'zuetsya dlya ranzhirovaniya nauchnyh publikacii. Rezul'taty takogo podhoda sravnivayutsya s drugimi sistemami.
Authors: Tilman Sauer
Comments: 71 pp., 10 figs
Obshirnyi material, v kotorom provedeno istoricheskoe issledovanie rabot Einshteina po sverhprovodimosti.
Authors: Minsun Kim et al.
Comments: 60 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS,
Avtory predstavlyayut mnogocvetnyi katalog tochechnyh istochnikov po dannym nablyudenii na Chandre. Mnogocvetnost' oznachaet, chto privodyatsya dannye po potokam i ih otnosheniyu dlya neskol'kih (v dannom sluchae vos'mi) intervalov energii v rentgenovskom diapazone.
Katalog sostavlen na osnove nablyudenii 149 ploshadok. Oni pokryvayut na nebe pochti 10 kvadratnyh gradusov. Ekspozicii v raznyh sluchayah raznye: ot dovol'no skromnyh 900 sekund do 124 000 sekund. Vsego v katalog vklyucheno bolee 6000 istochnikov.
Sm. takzhe soputstvuyushuyu stat'yu astro-ph/0611841.
Authors: Spencer R. Klein
Comments: 8 pgs; invited talk presented at the XIVth International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2006)
RHIC - Relyativistskii kollaider tyazhelyh ionov. Na nem stalkivayut, naprimer, yadra zolota, v rezul'tate chego obrazuetsya kvark-glyuonnaya plazma. Rezul'taty eksperimentov, opisannyh v stat'e, interesny ne tol'ko sami po sebe, no i v prilozhenii k processam, svyazannym s kosmicheskimi luchami.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: Horst R. Beyer
Comments: 23 pages
Spornaya, no dovol'no interesnaya stat'ya. Avtor skoree zashishaet religiyu ot popytok zamenit' ee naukoi. Osnovnoe utverzhdenie avtora svoditsya k tomu, chto zakonchennye fizicheskie kartinu mira postoyanno smenyayut drug druga, i utverzhdenie ob absolyutnosti, naprimer, sovremennoi kartiny yavlyaetsya skoree utverzhdeniem very, chem nauki.
Authors: Sebastien Balibar
Comments: 30 pages
Opisyvaetsya istoriya otkrytiya i issledovaniya sverhtekuchesti.
Authors: Frederic Dias, Denys Dutykh
Comments: 29 pages, 5 figures, In Book: ''Extreme Man-Made and Natural Hazards in Dynamics of Structures'', NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Opatija, Croatia, May 28 - June 1, pp. 35-60, 2006
Rassmotreno obrazovanie, rasprostranenie i, nakonec, vyhod na bereg. Chast' rassmotreniya avtoram udalos' prodelat' analiticheskii, dlya chasti - trebuetsya chislennoe modelirovanie.
Authors: Bert Schroer
Comments: 24 pages
Podrobnaya kritika teorii strun.
Authors: Alexander Zaitsev
Comments: 7 pages
Sobstvenno, stat'ya posvyashena poslaniyam vnezemnym civilizaciyam. Avtor razvivaet svoi izvestnyi tezis o tom, chto glupo nadeyat'sya chto-to ulovit', esli sami ne peredaem.
Authors: Werner Marx, Hermann Schier, Ole Krogh Andersen
Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Navernoe stoit zavesti special'nuyu rubriku dlya statei po citirovaniyu, ibo tema menya interesuet, i raboty takoi napravlennosti prakticheski vsegda vklyuchayutsya v obzory. V dannom sluchae avtory rassmatrivayut izmenenie tempa citirovaniya so vremenem. Takaya velichina, razumeetsya, mozhet byt' ispol'zovana tol'ko dlya ocenki vklada ochen' horosho citiruyushihsya uchenyh, poskol'ku dlya gladkosti krivyh nuzhna dovol'no bol'shaya statistika. Takzhe dovol'no interesno provedennoe avtorami sravnenie neskol'kih issledovatel'skih institutov.
Authors: The ANITA collaboration: S. W. Barwick et al.
Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures
Eshe v 1962 godu Askaryan opublikoval v ZhETF stat'yu, v kotoroi byl opisan effekt, kotoryi, pohozhe, privedet k poyavleniyu naibolee effektivnogo metoda registracii neitrino ochen'-ochen' vysokih energii (poryadka milliona TeV). Effekt byl eksperimental'no proveren v neskol'kih sredah, no bylo ochen' vazhno provesti proverku dlya l'da, ibo imenno v etoi srede stoyat prototipy budushih krupnyh detektorov. I vot, v rezul'tate oblucheniya semitonnoi glyby l'da, effekt proveren i dlya l'da.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: E. Peik, B. Lipphardt, H. Schnatz, Chr. Tamm, S. Weyers, R. Wynands
Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Berlin, 2006
Astrofizicheskie testy postoyanstva fundamental'nyh konstant imeyut ochvidnoe preimushestvo: tam my operiruem v remenami poryadka milliardov let. Zato, laboratornye eksperimenty gorazdo tochnee i menee model'no-zavisimy! Issledovaniya atomnyh standartov na masshtabe neskol'kih let pozvolyaet sdelat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na variacii konstant. Tochnost' sravnima s astrofizicheskimi dannymi. Poka nichego ne obnaruzheno. Vse stabil'no.
Authors: C.J.A.P. Martins
Comments: 6 pages, Invited Review talk at the ESO Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics conference, to appear in the proceedings
Korotkii ponyatnyi obzor problemy. V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o poiske skalyarnyh polei. Odno iz nih mozhet otvechat' za kosmologicheskii chlen. Nalichie evolyucioniruyushego skalyarnogo polya mozhet privodit' k izmeneniyu fundamental'nyh konstant. Sootvetstvenno, avtor obsuzhdaet, kak imeyushiesya astronomicheskie dannye po variacii konstant uvyazyvayutsya s ozhidaniyami teoretikov.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: S.-H. Henry Tye
Comments: 29 pages, 8 figures. An introduction and review
Ne slishkom navorochennyi obzor po inflyacii v strunnoi teorii. Teoriya mozhet i ne verna, no obzor polistat' mozhno.
Authors: Wojciech Slomczynski, Karol Zyczkowski
Comments: 12 pages, 2 figures, Acta Physica Polonica B37, 3133-3143 (2006)
Pervoe, eto ne tot Penrouz, kotoryi izvesten rabotami po fizike chernyh dyr i t.p. Rech' idet o Laionele Penrouze (Lionel S. Penrose) - angliiskom psihiatore i matematike, kotoryi obsuzhdal, kak mogla by golosovat' organizaciya tipa OON. Vtoroe, stat'ya, na moi vzglyad, interesnaya i zatragivaet vazhnuyu problemu. Sovetuyu pochitat'.
Avtory detal'no razbirayut vse na primere Evrosoyuza, kotoryi im, razumeetsya, blizhe. Situaciya, grubo, takova: est' po predstavitelyu ot strany. Oni golosuyut. No strany-to raznye! Znachit, kazhdyi predstavitel' dolzhen poluchit' ne ravnyi golos. Nado rasschitat' etu velichinu. Modno, konechno, prosto brat' vklad kazhdogo golosuyushego proporcional'no chislennosti strany, kotoruyu on predstavlyaet. No mozhno rassmatrivat' i bolee slozhnyi mehanizm, chto avtory i delayut. Sam Penrouz predlagal brat' etu dolyu proporcional'noi kornyu kvadratnomu iz naseleniya strany.
Konechnyi vyvod avtorov v prilozhenii k evrosoyuzu takov. Golosa predstavitelei stran dolzhny imet' vesa, proporcional'nye kornyu kvadratnomu iz naseleniya. A kvota dlya prinyatiya resheniya (t.e. summa vesov, normirovannyh na edinicu) dolzhna ravnyat'sya primerno 62 procentam.
Optimal'naya kvota umen'shaetsya s rostom chisla uchastnikov (v predele stremitsya k 50 procentam).
Authors: Gunther Eichhorn et al.
Comments: 4 pages
Poyavilas' celaya pachka interesnyh statei, posvyashennyh ADS. cs.DL/0610008 - Connectivity in the Astronomical Digital Library; cs.DL/0610011 - Creation and use of citations in the ADS; cs.DL/0610029 - Data in the ADS - understanding how to use in better; cs.DL/0610030 - Paper to Screen: Processing Historical Scans in the ADS; cs.DL/0610031 - Pathways: Augmenting interoperability across scholary repositories.
Eto prosto zdorovo! Odna iz samyh poleznyh elektronnyh bibliotek (da chto "odna" - samaya!) dlya sovremennogo astronoma poluchila nakonec dostatochno polnoe i dostupnoe opisanie.
Authors: Roberto Trotta, Glenn Starkman
Comments: 8 pages
Avtory pokazyvayut, chto ob'yasnit' nablyudaemoe znachenie kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v antropnom podhode ne udaetsya.
Drugaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya antropnomu principu, poyavilas' v hep-th. V nei entuziast antropnogo podhoda polemiziruet so skeptikami.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
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Obsudit' na Astroforume v
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Authors: Alexander Zaitsev
Comments: 14 pages, 3 tables
Obsuzhdaetsya koncepciya METI.
Sovremennye programmy po poisku vnezemnogo razuma (SETI) vo mnogom orientirovany na situaciyu, kogda est' "otpravitel'". Pri etom, zamechaet avtor, sami-to my otpravlyat' poslaniya ne speshim. Kak on polagaet, situaciyu nuzhno kardinal'no menyat'. Chtoby nashi soobsheniya ne imeli vid spama, nado produmat' razumnuyu strategiyu peredachi (chto, kuda i t.d.).
Sam ya ne yavlyayus' storonnikom stol' avtivnyh mer. Esli inoplanetyane est', to "sami naidutsya", tochnee, my natknemsya na nih v hode standartnyh astronomicheskih issledovanii. Tem ne menee, stat'yu stoit prochest'. Vdrug, iz skeptika vy prevratites' v entuziasta METI.
Authors: K.A. Milton
Comments: 54 pages
Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya Shvingeru. V osnovnom avtor rasskazyvaet o maloizvestnyh etapah raboty velikogo uchenogo.
Authors: J. Hansen et al.
Comments: 37 pages, 19 figures. To be submitted to Annals of Geophysics
Ne buduchi specialistom v klimatologii i t.p., ya ne mogu skazat' horoshaya eto model' ili plohaya. Prosto, vozmozhno komu-to budet interesno posmotret' kak seichas modeliruyut klimat.
Vtoraya stat'ya toi zhe gruppy: physics/0610109
Authors: Orfeu Bertolami
Comments: Chapter in the book Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World to be published in the Springer series Fundamental Theories of Physics. Volume Editor: Vesselin Petkov. 18 pages plus macros; updated references
Interesnoe chtenie dlya teh, kto ser'ezno interesuetsya sovremennym sostoyaniem izucheniya svoistv prostranstva-vremeni. Stat'ya nachinaetsya s istoricheskogo vvedeniya, no dazhe ono uzhe soderzhit formuly. Tak chto eto ne legkoe chtivo. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno sovremennym rabotam, sootvetstvenno, daetsya dostatochno mnogo ssylok.
Authors: James M. Cline
Comments: 64 pages, many figures; lectures at Les Houches Summer School, Session 86: Particle Physics and Cosmology: the Fabric of Spacetime, 7-11 Aug. 2006.
Bol'shoi obzor (tochnee, tekst lekcii), posvyashennyi probleme barionnoi asimmetrii Vselennoi. Pervye stranic shest' teksta soderzhat horoshee legko chitaemoe vvedenie. Potom nachinaetsya bolee ser'eznyi material.
Authors: Michael J. Kurtz et al.
Comments: 2 pages, To appear in Library and Information Systems in Astronomy V
V vidu svoei chrezmernoi kratkosti (2 stranicy) stat'ya ne slishkom informativna. Odnako v nei po krainei mere upomyanuty vazhneishie tendencii i blizhaishie celi v razvitii nauchnyh bibliotek.
Authors: Sacha E. Kopp
Comments: 86 pages, lecture notes
Vashemu vnimaniyu predlagayutsya lekcii po generacii neitrinnyh puchkov na uskoritelyah. Razumeetsya, sami neitrino poluchayut posle oblucheniya puchkom chastic (obychno protonov) nekotoroi misheni.
Seichas vse eto osobenno interesno, poskol'ku idut neitrinnye eksperimenty s dlinnoi bazoi. V nih puchok neitrino s kakogo-nibud' uskoritelya (naprimer, v CERNe) napravlyatsya skvoz' Zemlyu za sotni kilometrov na apparaturu kakogo-nibud' neitrinnogo eksperimenta (naprimer, Borexino v Gran Sasso). Eto pozvolit poluchit' principial'no novye dannye po neitrinnym oscillyaciyam. Tak chto tema bolee chem aktual'na.
Authors: S.Rajasekar, N.Athavan
Comments: 14 pages, 1 figure
Biografiya Lyudviga Bol'cmana i kratkoe opisanie ego osnovnyh rabot.
Authors: Luciano da Fontoura Costa
Comments: 9 pages, 1 table, 2 figures.
Prodolzhayutsya popytki modificirovat' indeks Hirsha (h-indeks).
Avtor modeliruet situaciyu s dvumya soobshestvami uchenyh. Po rezul'tatam modelirovaniya on pytaetsya predlozhit' modifikaciyu indeksa.
Moe lichnoe mnenie sostoit v tom, chto:
1. Takie popytki v principe nado delat'
2. Luchshe ne prosto modificirovat', a pytat'sya predlozhit' kakuyu-to
al'ternativu
3. Poskol'ku vse ponimayut, chto vse eti indeksy dostatochno uslovny, to
preimushestvo budet za prostymi model'no nezavisimymi indeksami. Vazhno
tol'ko, chtoby oni obladali vzaimodopolnitel'nymi nedostatkami. Togda
ispol'zovanie nebol'shogo chisla neskol'kih prostyh indeksov pozvolit prinyat'
adekvatnoe reshenie, opirayas' na neskol'ko yasnyh formal'nyh kriteriev.
Authors: John D. Anderson, James K. Campbell, Michael Martin Nieto
Comments: 23 pages, 43 images combined into 13 figures
Ya propustil etu stat'yu, chitaya astro-ph, no, k schast'yu, ona poyavilas' v novostyah. Rabota v samom dele vazhnaya i interesnaya.
V nachale ob avtorah, chtoby ne bylo somnenii. Tochnee o pervom avtore. Po suti, eto chelovek, otkryvshii anomaliyu Pionerov. On rukovodil nebesno-mehanicheskimi raschetami v ryade proektov NASA, naprimer, Galileo. Tak chto vopros o kompetencii ne voznikaet.
Dalee. Avtory opisyvayut interesnyi nablyudatel'nyi effekt. Svyazan on s tem, chto pri gravitacionnyh manevrah, prizvannyh uvelichit' (v sluchae poletov k vneshnim planetami t.p.) ili umen'shit' (v sluchae poleta k vnutrennim planetam i drugim telam, dlya dostizheniya kotoryh nado "pritormozit'") kineticheskuyu energiyu apparata. Sam effekt horosho izvesten, on ispol'zovalsya dlya razgona Pionerov 10 i 11 i Voyadzherov, Galileo i drugih apparatov. Odnako, ne vse tak prosto. Konechno, my znachem, chto sputniki letyat kuda na do i t.p. Tem ne menee, est' ochen' malen'kii, no interesnyi effekt. Pri prolete planety apparaty poluchayut nebol'shuyu dopolnitel'nuyu energii v sravnenii s raschetnoi. Poslednee zamechanie chrezvychaino vazhno. Ne nado srazu kidat'sya delat' vyvody o tom, chto n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya dazhe blizko ne verna, i chto obnaruzhennyi effekt potryasaet vse osnovy. Vse-taki, vyvod sostoit lish' v tom, chto model', v ramkah kotoroi provodyatsya raschety, chto-to ne uchityvaet.
Sushestvenno, chto effekt est' dazhe dlya manervov apparatov okolo Zemli, prichem dazhe v sisteme koordinat, svyazannoi s Zemlei!
Avtory vidyat vozmozhnuyu svyaz' effekta s anomaliei v dvizhenii Pionerov (napomnyu, chto rech' idet o nalichii dopolnitel'nogo uskoreniya, napravlennogo primerno k Solncu). Delo v tom, chto anomaliya v dvizhenii Pionera-11 poyavilas' posle gravitacionnogo manevra okolo Saturna.
Povtoryus', chto effekt dostatochno mal, i veroyatno svyazan s nedouchetom chego-to v modeli. T.e. govorit' o "potryasanii svyashennyh korov" rano. Tem ne menee vidno, chto dazhe v horosho izvestnyh oblastyah (a nebesnaya mehanika k nim bezuslovno otnositsya) mozhno obnaruzhivat' ochen' interesnye effekty!
Authors: J. W. Moffat
Comments: 8 pages, one figure
Razumeetsya, posle rassmotrennogo vyshe rezul'tata po raspredeleniyu massy v slivayushemsya skoplenii galaktik storonniki modificirovannoi gravitacii brosilis' na zashitu svoih pozicii.
Avtor pokazyvaet, chto vsyakie MOND-teorii v samom dele okazyvayutsya zakrytymi, no vot predlozhennaya samim Moffatom MOG-teoriya mozhet ob'yasnit' nablyudaemye dannye. Chudny dela tvoi, Gospodi!.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0608681
Authors: Casey W. Miller
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures; Submitted to Am. J. Phys.
Avtor predlagaet rasshirit' sferu primeneniya indeksa, vvedennogo Hirshem (t.n. h-indeks), i primenyat' ego k zhurnalam. Napomnyu, chto indeks byl vveden dlya harakteristiki vklada individual'nogo uchenogo po ego citiruemosti. Esli postroit' grafik, gde po odnoi osi otkladyvat' nomer stat'i v poryadke ubyvaniya chisla ssylok na nee, a po drugoi osi chislo ssylok, to h-indeks opredelitsya peresechenie bissektrisy s poluchivsheisya krivoi. T.e., h=12 govorit o tom, chto u uchenogo est' 12 statei s citiruemost'yu 12 ili vyshe. Razumeetsya, indeks mozhno primenyat' i k gruppam uchenyh (laboratoriyam, institutam, universitetam) i k zhurnalam. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto v fizike h-indeks zhurnala yavlyaetsya bolee adekvatnym pokazatelem, chem impakt-faktor zhurnala.
Na tu zhe mel'nicu l'et vodu i avtor physics/0608187, pokazyvayushii, chto v fizike elementarnyh chastic ni Nature, ni Science ne yavlyayutsya ochen' populyarnymi zhurnalami.
Authors: Freeman J. Dyson
Comments: 149 page
Vylozhen istoricheskii kurs lekcii Frimena Daisona.
Authors: Michael B. Mensky
Comments: 17 pages, 2 figures
Mnogie navernyaka slyshali o rabotah Menskogo (stoit prochest'
stat'i v UFN, Voprosah filosofii, a takzhe knizhku, vyshedshuyu nedavno v
izdatel'stve Vek-2).
Esli ne slyshali, to pochitaite etu stat'yu.
Pereskazyvat' detali koncepcii ne budu, no, nemnogo vul'gariziruya, mozhno
skazat', chto:
1. sushestvuet edinyi kvantovyi mir
2. nablyudatel' (ne obyazatel'no chelovek, a lyuboe zhivoe, po opredeleniyu,
sushestvo) vidit lish' odnu klassicheskuyu realizaciyu (po krainei mere v
normal'nom sostoyanii).
3. vybor realizacii svyazan s soznaniem
Otmechu, chto vorosy, svyazannye s everettikoi mozhno obsudit' i v ZhZh.
Authors: Thomas Thiemann
Comments: 58 pages
Obzor po petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii dlya "nespecialistov". Vzyal v kavychki, potomu kak uroven' etih "nespecialistov" dolzhen sushestvenno prevoshodit' bazovyi universitetskii kurs fiziki.
Authors: V.G.Gurzadyan, D.A.Warburton
Comments: Akkadica, v.126 (2005) p.195
Kak horosho izvestno, mnogie vremennye shkaly v istorii "graduiruyutsya" po astronomicheskim "veham". V dannom sluchae rech' idet o vavilonskoi istorii i nablyudeniyah Venery i zatmenii.
Druguyu svezhuyu stat'yu po astronomicheskim metodam v hronologii drevnih epoh mozhno naiti zdes'.
Authors: V. V. Kryssanov, F. J. Rinaldo, H. Ogawa, E. Kuleshov
Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures.
Slegka zaumnyi podhod k voprosu o citirovanii. Avtory predlagayut novyi podhod k ponimaniyu samogo processa citirovaniya.
Authors: Juan E. Iglesias, Carlos Pecharroman
Comments: 7 pages
Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak mozhno primenyat' h-indeks dlya uchenyh razlichnyh special'nostei.
Authors: Roeland P. van der Marel et al.
Comments: STScI Newsletter, 2006, vol. 23, number 2, in press; 5 pages and 2 figures.
Sobstvenno, v stat'e opisan veb-proekt, posvyashennyi chernym dyram. Mozhno pochitat' stat'yu, a mozhno srazu poiti na sait.
Authors: V. Trimble, M.J. Aschwanden, C.J. Hansen
Comments: 364 p.
Wow! Virdzhiniya Trimbl prodolzhaet zazhigat'!
Vse-vse-vse lyubili i lyubyat ee obzory. V kakoi-to moment delat' obzory v odinochku stalo tyazhelo, i Virdzhiniya privlekla k etoi vazhnoi rabote kolleg. Vot ocherednoi obzor za 2005 god. Ne hochu kommentirovat', lish' molcha preklonyayus' pered prodelannoi rabotoi.
Proshlye obzory mozhno pytat'sya skachat' zdes'. Odnako, veroyatnee vsego, dostup budet zakryt.
Authors: Nathaniel Lasry, Pierre-Osias Christin
Comments: 6 pages (PDF only) , Submitted to: The Physics Teacher
Korotkaya zametka, posvyashennaya tomu, kak sdelat' prostye fizicheskie demonstracii dlya shkol'nikov bolee zrelishnymi.
Authors: K. A. Milton
Comments: 21 pages, no figures, to appear in a volume in honor of E. Majorana edited by A. Zichichi
Biograficheskaya stat'ya ob izvestnom fizike nobelevskom laureate Dzhuliane Shvingere. Pomnite, v "Fiziki shutyat" byl shablon dlya napisaniya statei po kvantovoi elektrodinamike, nachinavshiisya "kak pokazal Shvinger...", tak vot eto on.
Authors: Siegfried Bethke
Comments: 38 pages, 18 figures
Kak izvestno, nobelevskie premii ne dayut za neproverennye teorii. Za asimptoticheskuyu svobodu dali, znachit proverili. Vsyu istoriyu etoi proverki, a takzhe sovremennoe sostoyanie del v etom voprose mozhno uznat' iz stat'i.
Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
Comments: Contribution to "Macro-Engineering: A Challenge for the Future" ed. by Viorel Badescu, Richard B. Cathcart, and Roelof D. Schuiling, in press
Obsuzhdaetsya problema obnaruzheniya inzhenernoi deyatel'nosti prodvinutyh vnezemnyh civilizacii. Avtor polagaet, chto sovremennye proekty SETI ploho prisposobleny dlya poiska sledov takoi deyatel'nosti, a iskat' nado imenno ih, a ne "signaly".
Authors: M. Sereno, Ph. Jetzer
Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Razumeetsya, stat'ya soderzhit novye akkuratnye verhnie predely na otkloneniya dvizheniya tel Solnechnoi sistemy ot zakona obratnyh kvadratov. Ogranicheniya stanovyatsya vse zhestche i zhestche, i teoriyam s modificirovannoi gravitaciei stanovitsya vse slozhnee "vpisat'sya".
Authors: Jiri Bicak
Comments: 8 pages, published in Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, eds. J.-P. Francoise, G. L. Naber and Tsou S. T., Oxford: Elsevier, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-1251-2666-3), volume 2, page 165-173. (The number of references had to be limited, some additional references are indicated inside the text only.)
Obratite vnimanie, eto stat'ya dlya enciklopedii matematicheskoi fiziki.
Authors: M. G. Banks
Comments: To appear in Scientometrics, 4 pages
Yasno, chto citirovanie zavisit ot oblasti issledovanii. Avtor rassmatrivaet, kak dannye po citirovaniyu mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya opredeleniya (kolichestvennogo) togo, kakie oblasti seichas yavlyayutsya "goryachimi".
Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
Comments: 103 pages, LaTeX, mostly in Russian
Sbornik zadach po mehanike i STO. Privodyatsya takzhe i resheniya zadach, prichem na russkom.
Authors: Constantin Bachas, Jan Troost
Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics
Kratkii obzor teorii superstrun, napisannyi dlya enciklopedii matematicheskoi fiziki.
Authors: Charles Jego, Bertrand M. Roehner
Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures To appear in the Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination
Dlya razdela physics sociotematika davno uzhe stala standartnoi. V dannoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya dinamika razlichnyh etnicheskih grupp v krupnyh amerikanskih gorodah, v chastnosti problema massovoi migracii belogo naseleniya iz ryada krupnyh gorodov.
Authors: Joao E. Steiner
Comments: 15 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables
Avtor rassmotrel s pomosh'yu kakih kriteriev mozhno vystroit' razumnyi reiting universitetov. Predlagaetsya ispol'zovat' tri: nauchnye rezul'taty (skladyvaetsya iz chisla publikacii v Nature i Science i iz chisla uchenyh s vysokim indeksom citirovaniya), stepen' otkrytosti ili "internacionalizm" (skladyvaetsya iz chisla inostrannyh studentov i prepodavatelei), i otnoshenie chisla sotrudnikov k chislu studentov.
Rezul'tat ne bleshet osoboi noviznoi ili original'nost'yu. Sushestvenno to, chto pri sostavlenii reitinga ne stoit ispol'zovat' sil'no korrelirovannye drug s drugom parametry, a naoborot, sleduet brat' te, kotorye drug s drugom korreliruyut slabo ili antikorreliruyut.
Authors: W. Boschin
Comments: 74 pages
Na 72 stranicah privoditsya spisok statei, svyazannyh s teleskopom TNG. Privodyatsya kak stat'i s rezul'tatami nablyudenii na etom instrumente, tak i tehnicheskie raboty, posvyashennye teleskopu.
V principe, eto poleznaya vesh', kogda delayutsya takie spiski statei, napisannyh na osnove raboty na kakom-to instrumenta. Navernoe, bylo by poleznee imet' takoi spisok v vide saita, gde mozhno bylo by klikat' na stat'yu, chtoby uvidet' ne tol'ko ee nazvanie.
Authors: G.E. Volovik
Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures, prepared for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style
Vazhnyi obzor. Ved' vazhno ne prosto pisat' o tom, chto horosho znaesh', no eshe i kritikovat' nevernye ustoyavshiesya uprosheniya, mify i t.p. Odnako, polagayu, chto tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo, i mnogie analogii svoistv vakuuma s povedeniem kvantovyh zhidkostei mogut byt' osporeny.
Authors: R. Zimmermann
Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, conference proceedings, to be published in Acta Physica polonica B
Polagayu, chto OPERA - eto ochen' vazhnyi eksperiment. Vazhnyi i krasivyi. Ideya sostoit v poiske neitrinnyh oscillyacii, ispol'zuya izvestnyi istochnik. V dannom sluchae rech' idet o tom, chtoby ispol'zovat' puchok, idushii ot uskoritelya v CERNe. Detektor stoit v laboratorii Gran Sasso v Italii. 732 kilometra razdelyayut eti dva issledovatel'skih centra. Puteshestvuya ot CERNa k Gran Sasso, neitrino mogut prevrashat'sya (odin tip perehodit v drugoi). Imenno eti prevrasheniya i hochetsya zafiksirovat'.
Seichas zakanchivaetsya montazh oborudovaniya v Gran Sasso. Tak chto do nachala raboty ostaetsya uzhe ne tak mnogo vremeni!
Authors: V.I. Telnov
Comments: alk at Photon: Its First Hundred Years And The Future, includes PHOTON2005 and PLC2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland, 30 Aug - 8 Sep 2005, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B, 20 pp, Latex, 19 .eps figures
Vtoraya chast' doklada po fotonnomu kollaideru. Esli v pervoi opisyvalas' istoriya i osnovnye idei, to vtoraya posvyashena konkretnomu planiruyushemusya priboru.
Authors: V. Charmandaris
Comments: Paper to be published in `Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy -- Vol. 7, Ed. A. Heck, 2006, Springer, Dordrecht".
V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor organizacii astronomicheskih issledovanii v Grecii. Daetsya svodka dannyh po astronomam-professionalam (v Grecii na postoyannyh poziciyah rabotaet 107 astronomov). Kratko privoditsya informaciya po kazhdomu uchrezhdeniyu, gde zanimayutsya astronomicheskimi issledovaniyami. Otdel'no opisyvayutsya osnovnye astronomicheskie insturmenty na territorii Grecii. V konce privoditsya informaciya po professional'nomu astronomicheskomu obrazovaniyu, i obsuzhdayutsya krupnye budushie proekty, v kotoryh uchastvuyut grecheskie uchenye.
Authors: S. Krasnikov
Comments: 14 pages, Pedagogical review. In Russian
Sergei Vladilenovich Krasnikov - izvestnyi specialist po krotovym noram, mashinam vremeni i prochei ekzotike, voznikayushei v OTO. V dannoi stat'e (napisannoi na russkom yazyke, chto v Arhive yavlyaetsya redkost'yu) dan obzor nekotoryh interesnyh vozmozhnostei, svyazannyh s tem, chto v OTO mogut byt' resheniya, soglasno kotorym ob'ekt, za vremya t po zemnym chasam uspevaet sletat' na rasstoyanie d, bol'shee, chem ct/2, i vernut'sya. Pri etom, eto ne tahionnoe reshenie. Za detalyami otsylayu k tekstu stat'i.
Authors: Bert Schroer
Comments: 16 pages
Nazvanie neskol'ko sbivaet s tolku. Rech' idet nemnogo o drugom. Rech' idet o vybore zhiznennoi pozicii, o politicheskom vybore, v ochen' neprostoe vremya.
Osnovnaya chast' stat'i posvyashena izvestnomu nemeckomu fiziku 'ordanu (Jordan) i ego vzaimootnosheniyam s kollegami.
Authors: Bert Schroer
Comments: 30 pages
Kriticheskoe esse o teorii strun. Kstati, odnoi iz motivacii dlya ego napisaniya stala novaya populyarnaya knigu Sasskinda (Susskind), o kotoroi ya ranee upominal.
Krome kriticheskoi chasti esse interesno istoricheskim vvedeniem.
Authors: I. T. Durham
Comments: Doctoral dissertation, School of Mathematics, University of St. Andrews, April 2005 (external examiner: S.R.D. French, University of Leeds); 289 pages; includes photographs; **12.5 MB file**
Dissertaciya posvyashena posmertno izdannoi knige Eddingtona "Fundamental'naya teoriya" (1946).
Dissertaciyu ya, razumeetsya, ne chital, zato nashel na saite Universiteta Sv. Andreya (St. Andrew's), gde avtor i pisal dissertaciyu, interesnye stranicy, posvyashennye Eddingtonu.
Authors: S. Esposito
Comments: revtex, 9 pages, 2 figures; a contribution in the centenary of the birth of Ettore Majorana
Ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya Ettore Maiorana. Tochnee, eto perevod ego zametok, kotorye, vidimo, yavlyayutsya konspektom seminara po teoreticheskoi fizike, kotoryi on daval v 1938 g. v universitete Neapolya. Nekotorye chasti etoi raboty pozvolyayut govorit' o tom, chto Maiorana predvoshitil idei, kotorye pozzhe byli nezavisimo vydvinuty Feinmanom i razvity im v blestyashuyu teoriyu.
Authors: David Selmeczi et al.
Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 131
Brounovskoe dvizhenie upominaetsya uzhe v uchebnike fiziki za 8 klass. A chto v etoi oblasti proishodit novogo? Otvety vy naidete v stat'e.
Authors: Matteo Carrera, Domenico Giulini
Comments: 37 pages, 2 figures
Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie vliyat' na dinamiku ob'ektov solnechnoi sisteme. Razumeetsya, effekt, dazhe esli on sushestvuet, ochen' mal. I, razumeetsya, nikakih nablyudenii v etom smysle net. Tem ne menee, stat'ya interesnaya. Mne, kak nekosmologu, zatrudnitel'no dat' kakie-to bolee detal'nye kommentarii. Hotelos' by uslyshat' ih ot sootvetstvuyushih specialistov.
Authors: Barrie W Jones, P Nick Sleep, David R Underwood
Comments: 21 pages
Avtory berut dannye po izvestnym zvezdam s planetami, chtoby ocenit' svoistva t.n. zon obitaniya, t.e. zon, v kotoryh byla by vozmozhna zhizn' tipa zemnoi. Provoditsya uchet togo, chto izvestnye planety-giganty mogli by vozmushat' orbitu zemnopodobnyh planet. Krome togo, uchityvaetsya evolyuciya zvezd.
Stat'ya budet interesna tem, kto interesuetsya voprosami vozmozhnosti sushestvovaniya zhizni vo Vselennoi.
Authors: Igor Podlubny, Katarina Kassayova
Comments: 14 pages, 4 tables
Vot i matematiki podtyanulis'.
"Navstrechu spisku peredovikov nauchnogo proizvodstva" - tak hochetsya perevesti zaglavie stat'i. Avtory pytayutsya predlozhit' eshe odin podhod, kotoryi, po ih mneniyu, pozvolit sravnivat' uchenyh, rabotayushih v raznyh oblastyah.
Stat'ya interesna sobstvenno prilagayushimisya spiskami.
Authors: S.M. Bilenky
Comments: 13 pages, A report at the III International Workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice", Venice, February 7-10, 2006
Stat'ya posvyashena Bruno Pontekorvo i ego vkladu v neitrinnuyu fiziku i astrofiziku.
Authors: Alexander Mishev
Comments: 18 pages, 13 figures; work supported under NATO grant EAP.RIG. 981843 and FP6 project BEOBAL
Avtory planiruyut provodit' eksperimental'nye issledovaniya, dlya togo chtoby proyasnit' vozmozhnuyu svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s zemnym klimatom.
Po suti v stat'e ne predstavleny kakie-to chetkie rezul'taty. Skoree, lish' namereniya i opisaniya ustanovok i metodov. Tem ne menee, vse eto dovol'no interesno.
Stat'ya takzhe soderzhit neplohoi kratkii obzor po kosmicheskim lucham.
Authors: V.I. Telnov
Comments: Presented at Photon: Its First Hundred Years And The Future, includes PHOTON2005 and PLC2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland, 30 Aug - 8 Sep 2005, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B, 21 pp, Latex, 8 .eps figures
V "zheleze" fotonnyh kollaiderov poka net. No ideya ochen' interesnaya. Sobstvenno, v stat'e i opisana ideya i neprostaya istoriya ee razvitiya.
Voobshe, konechno, fizika dvuhfotonnogo vzaimodeistviya izuchaetsya dostatochno davno. Kak yasno iz nazvaniya ideya kollaidera byla vyskazana 25 let nazad. Sut' vot v chem. Nuzhno poluchit' dostatochno bol'shoi potok fotonov vysokoi energii dlya obespecheniya vysokogo tempa dvuhfotonnyh reakcii. Dlya etogo mozhno ispol'zovat' komptonovskii effekt. Foton, ispushennyi lazerom, poluchaet dopolnitel'nuyu energiyu za schet vzaimodeistviya s elektronom vysokoi energii. Elektrony berutsya iz obychnogo uskoritel'nogo puchka.
Na verhnem risunke privedena interesuyushaya nas shema (risunok s saita TESLA). Dva puchka elektronov svodyatsya v meste, gde takzhe est' fotony, ispuskaemye moshnym lazerom. Posle rasseyaniya fotony poluchayut energiyu poryadka energii elektronov i dvizhutsya v tochku IP, gde vzaimodeistvuyut drug s drugom.
Stat'ya napisana ochen' interesno, i ya vsem sovetuyu ee prochest'.
Authors: Arne A. Henden
Comments:15 pages, 10 figures, 2006, ASPC 349, 165
Opisany primery sotrudnichestva professionalov i lyubitelei po opytu AAVSO. Istoriya nachinaetsya azh s 19 veka, kogda Louvell priglasil na rabotu Slaifera (lyubitel' priglasil professionala, kstati). Odnako osnovnoe vnimanie udelyaetsya, konechno, bolee blizkomu k nam vremeni.
Obsuzhdaetsya, kak mozhno sdelat' sotrudnichestvo bolee plodotvornym.
Authors: J. Schukraft
Comments: Invited talk at the international meeting 'South-South and North-South Collaboration in Science and Technology', Islamabad, Pakistan, 12-13 March 2004; 3 pages, no figures
Kak izvestno, CERN - odin iz krupneishih primerov internacional'nyh nauchnyh kollaboracii, davshii mnogo chego poleznogo (naprimer, Internet). V ochen' korotkom doklade na konferencii, posvyashennoi nauchnomu sotrudnichestvu, dano opisanie Cerna s tochki zreniya sovmestnoi raboty sodruzhestva uchenyh.
Authors: Eric Gaidos, Franck Selsis
Comments: Protostars and Planets V Conference, Hawaii
Avtory rassmatrivayut processy vozniknoveniya i podderzhaniya zhizni na planetah. Stat'ya budet interesna vsem! Delo v tom, chto, po vsei vidimosti, obyvatel'skii vzglyad na proishozhdenie zhizni na Zemle neskol'ko otstal ot poslednih veyanii v etoi oblasti. Chitaite!
Authors: E. Baron
Comments: 3 pages. To appear in Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Thomas Hockney editor, (New York: Springer Verlag)
Korotkaya oficial'naya biografiya velikogo uchenogo.
Authors: G. Rajasekaran
Comments: 15 pages. Invited talk presented at the XIV DAE Symposium on High Energy Physics, Univ. of Hyderabad, Dec. 2000
Po krainei mere seredina 20 veka proshla pod znakom fiziki vysokih energii. V stat'e, kak yasno iz nazvaniya, daetsya obzor vklada indiiskih uchenyh v etu oblast' fiziki.
Authors: Walter Winter
Comments: 21 pages, 9 figures. Proceedings of `Neutrino sciences 2005: Neutrino geophysics'', December 14-16, 2005, Honolulu, USA. Submitted to Earth, Moon, and Planets
S odnoi storony, Zemlya prozrachna dlya neitrino. S drugoi - ne vpolne. Poetomu, potok neitrino, nablyudaemyi skvoz' Zemlyu, mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya izucheniya nedr. Krome togo, kak izvestno neitrino ispytyvayut prevrasheniya (oscillyacii) pri rasprostranenii v srede. Eto takzhe daet dopolnitel'nuyu informaciyu o vnutrennem stroenii nashei planety.
Authors: Pavel Zakharov
Comments: 6 pages
"Teper' on i tebya poschital" (S)
Statisticheskoe issledovanie Zhivogo Zhurnala.