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The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)

Prochee ...

Vypusk 202. 17-31 dekabrya 2008

arxiv:0812.2887 Gidrodinamika plavayushih mikroorganizmov (The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms)
Authors: Eris Lauga, Thomas R. Powers
Comments: 58 pages, review article

Ochen' horoshii obzor o povedenii mikroorganizmov v zhidkosti. Formuly vpolne ponyatny. Rassmotrennye zadachi ochen' interesny. Mikroorganizmy ispol'zuyut raznye podhody k dvizheniyu v zhidkosti, poetomu raznoobrazie zadach ves'ma veliko. Krome togo, est' i iskusstvennye ob'ekty mikroskopicheskogo razmera, kotorye, kak i mikroorganizmy, dolzhny peredvigat'sya v potokah raznyh zhidkostei. Tak chto zadachi imeyut i prikladnoe znachenie.


Vypusk 201. 01-16 dekabrya 2008

arxiv:0812.2086 50 let komp'yuternyh vychislenii - lichnyi vzglyad (50 years of computer simulations - a personal view)
Authors: William G. Hoover
Comments: 20 pages

Avtoru stat'i seichas 72 goda, a potomu on vpolne mozhet obozrevat' promezhutki vremeni poryadka poluveka. V osnovnom raboty avtora kasalis' modelirovaniya molekulyarnoi dinamiki, o chem on i vspominaet. Voobshe, interesno pochitat' biografiyu uchenogo ....

Kstati, na stranice avtora v otskanirovannom vide est' neskol'ko poleznyh knig po chislennomu modelirovaniyu.


!!!Vypusk 200!!!. 14-30 noyabrya 2008

arxiv:0811.0087 Podhody k otkrytomu dostupu v nauchnyh publikciyah (Approaches to Open Access in scientific publications)
Authors: J. Harnard
Comments: 5 pages, Physics World

Seichas dominiruet sistema, v kotoroi est' recenziruemye zhurnaly, ch'i on-lainovye versii dostupny po rassylke, i Arhiv i podobnye depozitarii statei s polnost'yu otkrytym dostupom, no s minimal'nym urovnem zashity ot plohih materialov. Sushestvuet podhod, kotoryi pytayutsya razvivat', kogda zhurnaly perehodyat v rezhim otkrytogo dostupa, no pri etom publikaciya stanovitsya OChEN' platnoi. (Ya sam nedavno, publikuya stat'yu v besplatnom dlya avtorov zhurnale, poluchil predlozhenie perevesti stat'yu v otkrytyi dostup, zaplativ okolo 2000 evro, nado li utochnyat', chto ya otkazalsya, no vylozhil stat'yu v Arhiv.) Avtor stat'i kritikuet takoi podhod k otkrytomu dostupu.


Vypusk 199. 01-13 noyabrya 2008

arxiv:0811.0311 Nauchnyi vklad v astronomiyu amerikanskih fakul'tetov, prisuzhdayushih stepen' PhD (The science impact of astronomy PhD granting departments in the United States)
Authors: Anne L. Kinney
Comments: 18 pages, 6 figures

Avtor pytaetsya proanalizirovat' nauchnyi uroven' 36 fakul'tetov, prisuzhdayushih stpen' PhD po astronomii. Zadacha slozhnaya, poskol'ku slozhnoi mozhet byt' universitetskaya struktura (skazhem, net otdel'nogo fakul'teta Astronomii - on ob'edinen s fizikoi, - no pri etom vnutri universiteta est' sil'nye laboratorii plyus mnogo vremennyh issledovatel'skih pozicii). Poetomu k lyubomu takomu reitingovaniyu, gde sravnivayut dostatochno raznye struktury, nado otnosit'sya s izvestnoi dolei skepticizma. Tem ne menee.

Avtor vo-pervyh smotrit kolichestvo publikacii po astrofizike uchenymi samogo fakul'teta. Vo-vtoryh, smotrit vse publikacii po astrofizike iz dannogo universiteta. Dlya kolichestvennyh ocenok ispol'zuyutsya indeks Hirsha i ego modifikacii. Po pervomu metodu pobeditelem okazyvaetsya Kalteh, zatem idet universitet Kalifornii v Santa Kruz, Prinstonskii universitet, Garvard, Universitet Kolorado, Stoni Bruk, Dzhon Hopkins, Penn Steit, i universitet Michigana. Vtoroi metod neznachitel'no menyaet rasstanovku. Tol'ko chto Kalteh ischezaet iz liderov. Na pervom meste Santa Kruz, zatem Prinston, Dzhon Hopkins, Penn Steit, Stoni Bruk, Michigan, N'yu-Meksiko, Universitet Massachusettsa, Universitet Virdzhinii.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


arxiv:0811.0630 Religioznaya i nauchnaya vera v prostotu (Religious and scientific faith in simplicity)
Authors: Don Page
Comments: 16 pages

Lyubopytnoe esse, v kotorom avtor sravnivaet nauchnoe stremlenie k prostote (sozdanie edinoi teorii vsego, iz kotoroi potom mozhno vyvodit' vse ostal'noe kak sledstviya) s religioznym podhodom, gde tozhe mozhno uvidet' evolyuciyu ot "boga na kazhdyi sluchai" k koncepcii edinogo "prostogo" boga.


arxiv:0811.1050 Uravnenie Bete-Solpitera: vozniknovenie (Bethe-Salpeter equation: the origins)
Authors: Edwin E. Salpeter
Comments: 6 pages

Uravnenie Bete-Solpitera opisyvaet svyazannye sostoyaniya dvuh chastic, naprimer, svyazannoe sostoyanie elektron-pozitronnoi pary. Ono bylo vvedeno v 1951 godu.

V stat'e Solpiter vspominaet, kak vse proishodilo, chto predshestvovalo vozniknoveniyu uravneniya, kakovy byli rannie prilozheniya i tp.


Vypusk 198. 20-31 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.5306 Ekonomike nuzhna nauchnaya revolyuciya (Economics need a scientific revolution)
Authors: Jean-Philippe Bouchaud
Comments: 3 pages, Nature vol. 455, p. 1181 (2008)

Avtor setuet v osnovnom na to, chto v ekonomicheskoi nauke dogmy dovleyut nad faktami. T.e., metodologiya okazyvaetsya sovsem ne takoi, kak, skazhem, v fizike. Pri etom, avtor zamechaet, chto hotya v ekonomike poyavlyaetsya vse bol'she lyudei s fiziko-matematicheskim obrazovaniem, no, prihodya v ekonomiku, oni kak by zabyvayut o metodah i podhodah, kotorye oni ispol'zovali v fizike.


Vypusk 197. 13-19 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.2222 Komp'yuternyi ispytatel'nyi stend dlya gipotez o vnezemnoi zhizni i razume (A numerical testbed for hypothesis of extraterrestrial life and intelligence)
Authors: Duncan Forgan
Comments: 22 pages, 24 figures, accepted by the Int.. J. of astrobiology

Lyubopytnaya stat'ya. Po suti, avtor igraet s formuloi Dreika. Programma pozvolyaet rasschityvat' mnozhestvo vsyakih raspredelenii i voroyatnostei dlya raznyh znachenii parametrov formuly. Dovol'no polezno dlya teh, kto interesuetsya voprosom.


arxiv:0810.1888 Dinamika vhoda v vodu (Dynamics of water entry)
Authors: Tadd T. Truscott et al.
Comments: 2 pages

Avtory prodolzhayut vykladyvat' interesneishie video po gidrodinamike. Vse smotret' snova!

Drugie stat'i s video (ne polnyi spisok): arxiv:0810.1798, arxiv:0810.1800, arxiv:0810.1946, arxiv:0810.1957, arxiv:0810.1962, arxiv:0810.1966, arxiv:0810.1974, arxiv:0810.1975, arxiv:0810.1982, arxiv:0810.1990, arxiv:0810.1, arxiv:0810.1.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.

arxiv:0810.2213 Vol'fgang Pauli i sovremennaya fizika (Wolfgang Pauli and modern physics)
Authors: Norbert Straumann
Comments: 18 pages

Interesnaya stat'ya o Pauli, napisannaya chelovekom, kotoryi znal ego lichno. Rasskaz idet v osnovnom o nauchnyh rabotah Pauli, prichem illyustriruetsya vse neopublikovannymi ranee vospominaniyami sovremennikov i pis'mami.

Vypusk 196. 01-12 oktyabrya 2008

arxiv:0810.0514 Kvantovoe prostranstvo-vremya: za kontinuumom Minkovskogo i Einshteina (Quantum Space-times: Beyond the Continuum of Minkowski and Einstein)
Authors: Abhay Ashtekar
Comments: 31 pages, 6 figures, To appear in the volume Minkowski Space-time: A Hundred Years LAter, edited by V. Petkov (Springer-Verlag, 2008)

Bol'shoe dovol'no dostupnoe esse o problemah, stoyashih pered temi, kto zanimaetsya naibolee fundamental'nymi voprosami v fizike: svoistvami prostranstva-vremeni. Ideya sostoit v tom, chto hochetsya imet' teoriyu, v kotoroi geometriya ne zadavalas' by rukami, a "voznikala" dinamichesi, a takzhe, chtoby vse eto bylo sovmestimo s kvantovoi fizikoi.


arxiv:0810.1426 Modelirovanie raspredeleniya citiruemosti za stoletie (Modeling a century of citation distributions)
Authors: Matthew L. Wallace et al.
Comments: 20 pages, 5 figues

Na ochen' bol'shom materiale - citiruemost' za 1900-2006 gody: 25 millionov statei, 600 millionov ssylok - avtory analiziruyut evolyuciyu raspredelenii razlichnyh bibliometricheskih parametrov. V chastnosti, avtory vydelyayut izmenenie politiki citirovaniya, proizoshedshee v 60-e gg., a takzhe obsuzhdayut, chto schitat' "klassicheskoi stat'ei".


arxiv:0810.1601 Akrobatika zhidkosti - video (Luquid acrobatics)
Authors: James C. Bird, Howard A. Stone
Comments: 3 pages

V razdele physics poyavlyaetsya seriya statei raznyh avtorov, v kotoryh opisyvayutsya udivitel'nye primery povedeniya zhidkostei i gazov, i prikladyvayutsya video. Ih stoit smotret'!!!!

Drugie stat'i s video (nepolnyi spisok): arxiv:0810.1725, arxiv:0810.1549, arxiv:0810.1551, arxiv:0810.1587, arxiv:0810.1702.

Prosto otkroite PDF i kliknite v ssylku s video.

Vse eto 1-2-stranichnye zametki, v kotoryh vy naidete ssylki na video.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 195. 12-30 sentyabrya 2008

arxiv:0809.2102 Gregor Ventcel' (Gregor Wentzel)
Authors: Peter G.O. Freund, Charles J. Goebel, Yoichiro Nambu, Reinhard Oehme
Comments: 12 pages, This Gregor Wentzel Memoir is scheduled to appear as a National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

Vse znayut WKB-priblizhenie. W-Wentzel. Stat'ya napisana k 110-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya. V osnovnom, eto nauchnaya biografiya, no v nachale stat'i kratko i ischerpyvayushe privedeny osnovnye sobstvenno biograficheskie sobytiya. Teksta ne tak uzh mnogo - vse ochen' lakonichno i chetko, - sovetuyu prochest'.


arxiv:0809.2379 Teoriya otnositel'nosti i teorema Pifagora (The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem)
Authors: L.B. Okun
Comments: 19 pages, Physics-Uspekhi 51 (2008) 622

Angliiskaya versiya stat'i Okunya v UFN.

V dostupnoi forme izlagayutsya nekotorye neprostye momenty v STO i OTO, o kotoryh chasto sporyat.


arxiv:0809.4208 Polyarizacionnye izmereniya i ih perspektivy: PVLAS Phase II (Polarization measurements and their perspectives: PVLAS Phase II)
Authors: G. Cantatore et al.
Comments: 4 pages, Paper submitted to the proceedings of the "4th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs", DESY, Hamburg Site /Germany, 18-21 June 2008

V teorii elektromagnetizma predskazyvayutsya razlichnye interesnye nelineinye effekty. Krome togo, teoretiki predskazyvayut sushestvovanie vsyakih trudnoulovimyh chastic, naprimer aksionov. V mire idut i obsuzhdayutsya raznye eksperimenty v etoi oblasti. Neskol'ko let nazad burno obsuzhdalsya rezul'tat proekta PVLAS. Togda avtory eksperimenta zayavili o registracii signala, kotoryi mog svidetel'stvovat' o rozhdenii aksionov. V ustanovke issledovalos' prohozhdenie sveta cherez sil'noe magnitnoe pole. Signal okazalsya apparatnym, t.e. otkrytie ne sostoyalos'. Seichas avtory polagayut, chto pervaya faza eksperimenta sebya ischerpala, i nuzhno stroit' novuyu ustanovku. Pravda, ne bolee krupnuyu, kak mozhno bylo ozhidat', a skoree bolee prodvinutuyu. Ob etom i idet rech' v zametke.


arxiv:0809.5250 Zaval v koncentracii citirovanii, 1900-2007 (The decline in the concentration of citations, 1900-2007)
Authors: Vincent Lariviere, Yves Gingras, Eric Archambault
Comments: 9 pages

Avtory polemiziruyut so stat'ei Evansa (Evans 2005), v kotoroi on utverzhdaet, chto on-lainovyi dostup privodit ne k rasshireniyu spektra citiruemyh statei, a k suzheniyu chisla citircemyh statei. Lariv'e i ego soavtory pokazyvayut na bol'shom materiale, chto vyvod Evansa ne veren. V chastnosti, snizhaetsya dolya necitiruemyh statei po mere poyavleniya on-lainovogo dostupa, i razmyvaetsya maksimum citirovaniya.


Vypusk 194. 01-11 sentyabrya 2008

arxiv:0809.0125 Chto zhe Habbl deistvitel'no imel vvidu pod rannimi i pozdnimi tipami: prosto bolee ili menee slozhnuyu vidimuyu strukturu (What Hubble really meant by late and early type: simply more or less complex in appearance)
Authors: I. K. Baldry
Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures, using MNRAS style file; to appear in RAS journal Astronomy & Geophysics (A&G), scheduled for October 2008 issue

Lyubopytnaya korotkaya zametka.

Vse znayut kamerton Habbla. Dostatochno chasto mozhno prochest', chto Habbl podrazumeval eto kak evolyucionnuyu posledovatel'nost' ot galaktik rannih tipov (ellipticheskih) k pozdnim. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto eto ne tak.

Tochno takzhe kak rannie i pozdnie tipy zvezdnyh spektrov otrazhayut lish' ih menee (rannie) ili bolee (pozdnie) strukturu, tak zhe i klassifikaciya galaktik ne podrazumevaet posledovatel'nosti vo vremeni, a lish' govorit o vneshnem vide. Hotya Habbl i pishet, chto podrazumevanie vremennoi posledovatel'nosti na sovesti avtora.

Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph
Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


Vypusk 193. 15-31 avgusta 2008

arxiv:0808.2517 Pochemu stalo slozhnee predskazyvat' nobelevskih laureatov: bibliometricheskii analiz nominantov i laureatov po fizike i himii (1901-2007) (Why it has become more difficult to predict Nobel Prize winners: a bibliometric analysis of Nominees and Winners of the Chemistry and Physics Prizes (1901-2007))
Authors: Yves Gingras, Matthew L. Wallace
Comments: 13 pages

Avtory provodyat bibliometricheskii analiz vseh laureatov nobelevskih premii po fizike i himii, a takzhe nominantov za period s 1901 po 1945 gg. (eti dannye otkryty). Odin iz vyvodov sostoit v tom, chto seichas iz-za eksponencial'nogo rosta nauki stalo ochen' trudno predskazat' laureatov. "Mnogo zvannyh, no malo izbrannyh".


arxiv:0808.3163 BEPCIII i BESIII (BEPCII and BESIII)
Authors: Frederick A. Harris (for the BES Collaboration)
Comments: 7 pages, 8 figures, Invited talk at the 10th International workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction, Cracow, Poland, 6-10 June 2008

BEPC - Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. BES - Beijing Spectrometer, eto detektor na ustanovke. BEPC i BES davno i uspeshno rabotali, a v 2003 godu bylo prinyato reshenie ob apgreide ustanovki i detektorov. BEPCII i BESIII - eto novye versii, imenno oni i opisyvayutsya v stat'e. Seichas idet naladka i testy. V konce goda nachnetsya real'naya rabota. Energiya stolknoveniya elektronov i pozitronov (v sisteme centra mass) budet ot 2 do 4.6 GeV.


arxiv:0808.3636 Fizicheskoe obrazovanie: istochniki dlya prepodavatelei (Physics education research: Resources for graduate student instructors)
Authors: Zosia A. C. Krusberg
Comments: 9 pages

Interesnyi (i, vidimo, poleznyi) spisok ssylok na knigi i razlichnye resursy, poleznye dlya prepodavatelei fiziki (po nashim merkam, navernoe, ne tol'ko dlya VUZovskih prepodavatelei, no i dlya shkol'nyh uchitelei starshih klassov v prodvinutyh shkolah).


Vypusk 192. 01-14 avgusta 2008

obzor arxiv:0808.0417 Voprosy v astrofizike vysokih energii (Problems in High Energy Astrophysics)
Authors: Paolo Lipari
Comments: 31 pages, Talk given at the workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice" (april 2008)

Obzor posvyashen kosmicheskim lucham (a takzhe neitrino vysokih energii), tomu, kakuyu rol' ih issledovaniya zanimayut v astrofizike, i na kakie voprosy oni mogut pomoch' naiti otvety.

Sm. takzhe obzor avtora arxiv:0808.0344.


arxiv:0808.0012 Lekcii po teorii veroyatnostei, entropii i statisticheskoi fizike (Lectures on Probability, Entropy, and Statistical Physics)
Authors: Ariel Caticha
Comments: 170 pages. Invited lectures at MaxEnt 2008, the 28th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (July 8-13, 2008, Boraceia Beach, Sao Paulo, Brazil)

170 stranic lekcii.... Mnogo teorem s dokazatel'stvami. No s drugoi storony mnogo i primerov primenenii raznyh statisticheskih metodov.


arxiv:0808.0128 Kommentarii na stat'yu "yavlyaetsya li vera vragom nauki?" (Comment on "Is Faith the Enemy of Science?")
Authors: Lawrence M. Krauss
Comments: to appear in "Physics in Canada", response to 0807.3670

Ya pisal o zametke arxiv:0808.3670. Ona byla naveyana vystupleniem Kraussa. Teper' Krauss pis'menno otvechaet na nee. Krauss pishet, chto vcelom on soglasen s avtorom arxiv:0807.3670, a razlichiya u nih v osnovnom terminologicheskie.


arxiv:0808.0437 Formula Einshteina: E_0 = mc^2. Ne smeetsya li Gospod' Bog? (The Einstein formula: E_0=mc^2 "Isn't the Lord laughing?")
Authors: L.B. Okun
Comments: 20 pages, Published: Uspekhi Fiz. Nauk 178 (5) (2008) 541-555 (in Russian); Physics--Uspekhi 51 (5) (2008) 513-527 (in English)

Obsuzhdaetsya izvestnaya formula E=mc^2, rol' indeksa "0" u energii i koe-chto eshe.

Na russkom stat'yu mozhno skachat' tut.
Pol'zuyas' sluchaem, eshe neskol'ko interesnyh ssylok na nedavnie raboty v UFN:

  • Priroda akkrecionnyh diskov tesnyh dvoinyh zvezd: neustoichivost' sverhotrazheniya i razvitaya turbulentnost' A.M. Fridman, D.V. Bisikalo
  • Teoriya otnositel'nosti i teorema Pifagora
  • Lev Landau i problema singulyarnostei v kosmologii
  • Dinamicheskaya model' krotovoi nory i model' Mul'tivselennoi

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    arxiv:0808.0663 Vvodnye lekcii po teorii strun (Introductory Lectures on String Theory)
    Authors: A.A. Tseytlin
    Comments: 38 p., 21 fig

    Nazvanie govorit samo za sebya, no uchtite, chto tekst sostoit prakticheski tol'ko iz odnih formul.


    Vypusk 191. 22-31 iyulya 2008

    arxiv:0807.4180 Klimat, prigodnyi dlya zhizni: rol' naklona osi vrasheniya (Habitable Climates: The Influence of Obliquity)
    Authors: David S. Spiegel, Kristen Menou, Caleb A. Scharf
    Comments: 34 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ

    V formirovanii klimata vazhneishuyu rol' igraet naklon osi vrasheniya planety k ploskosti ee orbity vokrug zvezdy. U Zemli naklon osi v znachitel'noi stepeni stabilizirovan Lunoi. U ekzoplanet zemnogo tipa v poyasah obitaniya mogut byt' raznoobraznye naklony osi vrasheniya k ploskosti orbity, a v otsutstvie massivnyh sputnikov oni mogut izmenyat'sya. Vse eto ne sposobstvuet poyavleniyu i razvitiyu zhizni. Eto-to i issleduyut avtory.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
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    arxiv:0807.0087 Poslednie pokrovy imperatora? (The Emperor's Last Clothes?)
    Authors: A.N. Schellekens
    Comments: 87 pages

    Srazu nado skazat', chto avtor - izvestnyi teoretik-strunshik. V bol'shom esse rech' idet o mnogih "proklyatyh" voprosah v sovremennoi fizike. Mnogie iz nih predlagaetsya reshat' v ramkah teorii strun s primeneniem antropnogo principa.


    arxiv:0807.3670 Yavlyaetsya li vera vragom nauki? (Is Faith The Enemy Of Science?)
    Authors: Richard MacKenzie
    Comments: 9 pages, to be published in Physics of Canada

    Polemicheskoe esse na temu vzaimootnoshenii nauki i very (v shirokom smysle). Avtor zanimaet poziciyu, svoistvennuyu mnogim lyudyam v Rossii, polagaya, chto vera yavlyaetsya vragom nauki. Esse yavlyaetsya otvetom na doklad Kraussa, v kotorom on sformuliroval tezis: vera - ne vrag nauki, nevezhestvo - vrag.


    arxiv:0807.3706 Recenziya na knigu: Vozniknovenie Obshei teorii otnositel'nosti (Book review: The Genesis of General Relativity)
    Authors: Donald Salisbury
    Comments: 11 pages, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation

    Daetsya recenziya na fundamental'nyi chetyrehtomnik, posvyashennyi rozhdeniyu i rannemu razvitiyu OTO. Recenziya interesna i sama po sebe, poskol'ku rech' idet ne tol'ko o knige, no i ob istorii OTO.


    Vypusk 190. 09-21 iyulya 2008

    arxiv:0807.1393 V processe obucheniya: von so zvezdnymi velichinami, dobro pozhalovat' s monohromaticheskimi svetimostyami! (When teaching: Out with magnitudes, in with monochromatic luminosities!
    Authors: Frank Verbunt
    Comments: 8 pages, 6 figures

    Frank Verbunt zamahnulsya na samoe svyatoe - na nashu konstituciyu na zvezdnye velichiny. On predlagaet dlya nespecialistov ne ispol'zovat' v processe obucheniya eto ponyatie, operiruya tol'ko svetimostyami i potokami, esli nado - v uzkom spektral'nom diapazone. V stat'e on pokazyvaet, chto konechno zhe vse osnovnye rezul'taty, ponyatiya i tp. prekrasno mozhno ob'yasnit' bez zvezdnyh velichin, operiruya tol'ko svetimostyami.
    "A mozhet byt' on prav?" (c)

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    arxiv:0807.2731 Sbornik ssylok. Biomolekulyarnye nanomashiny: tam, gde vstrechayutsya fizika, himiya, biologiya i tehnologiya (Resource Letter: Bio-molecular Nano-machines: where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology meet)
    Authors: Debashish Chowdhury
    Comments: 137 pages (including more than 2100 references)

    Stalo modnym sostavlyat' bibliograficheskie spiski s korotkimi kommentariyami. Vot ocherednoi, otnosyashiisya k ochen' modnoi oblasti. Mozhet byt', komu-to etot spisok iz 2104 ssylok budet polezen.

    Vypusk 189. 24 iyunya - 08 iyulya 2008

    arxiv:0806.4202 Kosmologiya Bozhestvennoi komedii (The cosmology of the Divine Comedy)
    Authors: Alejandro Gangui
    Comments: Ciencia Hoy, Vol 15, Nro 89, pp. 18-23, 2005


    arxiv:0806.4201 Detektor MiniBooNE (The MiniBooNE Detector)
    Authors: MiniBooNE Collaboration
    Comments: 46 pages, 21 figures

    Privoditsya dostatochno podrobnoe opisanie neitrinnogo detektora MiniBooNE. Eto pervaya faza eksperimenta BooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment). Ego zadacha - detal'noe izuchenie neitrinnyh oscillyacii, kotorye nablyudalis' v proekte LSND.

    Eksperiment byl razrabotan v Fermilabe dlya registracii prevrashenii (oscillyacii) myuonnyh neitrino v elektronnye. Central'noi chast'yu detektora yavlyaetsya shar s diametrom 12.2 metrov, zapolnennyi mineral'nym maslom. Eksperiment nachal rabotu neskol'ko let nazad i nablyudeniya prodolzhayutsya.


    arxiv:0807.0034 IceCube: detektor izlucheniya v odin kubicheskii kilometr (IceCube: A Cubic Kilometer Radiation Detector)
    Authors: Spencer R. Klein, for the IceCube Collaboration
    Comments: 7 pages, presented at SORMA West 2008 (Symposium on Radiation Measurement and Applications)

    Neitrinnyi detektor IceCube sooruzhaetsya seichas v Antarktide. Poka detektoram etogo tipa ne vezlo: ne bylo blizkih sverhnovyh, a dlya registracii signalov ot dalekih vzryvov u nih ne hvatalo chuvstvitel'nosti. IceCube mozhet byt' bolee udachlivym, tem bolee chto ego razmery pozvolyayut nadeyat'sya, chto v nedalekom budushem my budem registrirovat' neitrinnye vspyshki ot sverhnovyh, vzorvavshihsya v sosednih galaktikah.


    arxiv:0807.0565 Muzyka, slozhnost', informaciya (Music, Complexity, Information)
    Authors: Damian H. Zanette
    Comments: 6 pages

    Predstavlennye materialy yavlyayutsya nekotorym dopolneniem k stat'e avtora, opublikovannoi nedavno v Nature (vol. 453, pp. 988-989). Esli ugodno, to eto ocherednaya popytka "poverit' algebroi garmoniyu".


    arxiv:0807.0617 Anomal'noe uskorenie apparatov "Pioner" (The Anomalous Acceleration of the Pioneer Spacecrafts)
    Authors: Jose A. de Diego
    Comments: 8 pages, Invited talk in Astronomia Dinamica en Latinoamerica. To be published in Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, Conference Series

    Nichego novogo, no dana neplohaya svodka osnovnyh dannyh po anomalii Pionerov. Sm. takzhe arxiv:0807.1088.

    Vypusk 188. 10-23 iyunya 2008

    obzor arxiv:0806.2070 Nedavnie popytki kompilyacii dannyh po yadernoi astrofizike (Recent Efforts in Data Compilation for Nuclear Astrophysics)
    Authors: I. Dilmann, the JINA-CARINA Collaboration
    Comments: Proceedings 10th Int. Symp. on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies OMEG07, Sapporo/Japan, December 4-7 2007

    Dlya raschetov processov v zvezdah, v rannei vselennoi, pri vzryvah sverhnovyh i tak dalee neobhodimy dannye o yadernyh reakciyah. Hotya yadernaya fizik imeet uzhe bol'shuyu istoriyu i mnozhestvo dostizhenii, tam ostaetsya mnogo voprosov. V pervuyu ochered' potomu, chto mnogie reakcii mozhno tol'ko rasschityvat' (t.e. net pryamyh izmerenii), a teoriya nepolna. I v astrofizike pri primenenii taih raschetov est' nekotoryi raznoboi: raznye gruppy ispol'zuyut raznye modeli i raschety.

    Avtory opisyvayut popytku kompilyacii raznyh dannyh v edinuyu biblioteku.


    arxiv:0806.2286 Vnezemnye nukleinovye osnovaniya v meteorite Murchison (Extraterrestrial nucleobases in the Murchison meteorite)
    Authors: Zita Martins et al.
    Comments: 31 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables Journal-ref: Earth and Planetary Science Letters 270, 130-136. 15 June 2008

    Nashumevshaya stat'ya ob obnaruzhenii v meteorite slozhnyh organicheskih soedinenii yakoby vnezemnogo proishozhdeniya.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0806.2400 Detektor Boreksino v nacional'noi laboratorii Gran Sasso (The Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso)
    Authors: Borexino Collaboration: G. Alimonti, et al
    Comments: 37 pages, 43 figures, to be submitted to NIM

    Podrobno opisyvaetsya neitrinnyi detektor Boreksino.


    arxiv:0806.2737 Kvantovaya turbulentnost' (Quantum Turbulence)
    Authors: Makoto Tsubota
    Comments: 13 pages, 5 figures, Review article to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn

    Sushestvuet takoe lyubopytneishee yavlenie, otkrytoe eshe v 50-e gg. v zhidkom gelii-4. Seichas ono avtivno izuchaetsya i eksperimentatorami, i teoretikami.


    Vypusk 187. 01-09 iyunya 2008

    arxiv:0806.0165 Attonauka (Attoscience)
    Authors: M Kozlowski, J Marciak-Kozlowska, M Pelc
    Comments: 61 pages

    Bol'shoi obzor po attosekundnym lazeram. V osnovnom avtory pishut o vzaimodeistvii impul'sov s veshestvom. Obzor tyazhelyi (mnogo formul - malo kartinok).


    arxiv:0806.0273 "Puzyri v obshestve": primer amerikanskoi programmy Apollon ("Bubbles in Society": The Example of the United States Apollo Program)
    Authors: Monika Gisler, Didier Sornette
    Comments: 25 pages

    Avtory analiziruyut lunnuyu programmu s tochki zreniya social'nogo fenomena, kogda naciya v mirnoe vremya vvyazyvaetsya v ochen' krupnyi, dorogoi i slozhnyi proekt, kotoryi ne daet pryamoi vygody.


    arxiv:0806.0974 Universal'nost' raspredeleniya po citiruemosti: k ob'ektivnomu izmereniyu nauchnogo vklada (Universality of citation distributions: towards an objective measure of scientific impact)
    Authors: Filippo Radicchi, Santo Fortunato, Claudio Castellano
    Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto raspredelenie po citiruemosti v raznyh oblastyah i v raznoe vremya imeet odin i tot zhe vid, t.e. ego mozhno prosto perenormirovat' dlya sravneniya uchenyh iz raznyh oblastei, ili rabotavshih v raznoe vremya.


    Vypusk 186. 16-31 maya 2008

    arxiv:0805.2624 Tak ty hochesh' byt' professional'nym astronomom! (So you want ti be a professional astronomer!)
    Authors: Duncan A. Forbes
    Comments: 6 pages, accepted for publication in Mercury

    Dovol'no zabavnaya pamyatka-putevoditel' dlya teh, kto hochet stat' astronomom. V osnovnom eto dlya studentov, prichem v osnovnom ne dlya nashih, no i nashi naidut tam koe-chto poleznoe (i ne tol'ko studenty).


    arxiv:0805.1726 f(R) Teorii gravitacii (f(R) Theories Of Gravity)
    Authors: Thomas P. Sotiriou, Valerio Faraoni
    Comments: 47 pages, review commissioned by Rev. Mod. Phys;

    Bol'shoi obzor po stavshim populyarnymi f(R) teoriyam gravitacii. Lyudi davno pytayutsya rasshirit' OTO, sobstvenno, s momenta ee poyavleniya byli popytki kak-to ee uluchshit', da i pri svoem rozhdenii OTO byla okruzhena konkurentami. f(R) teorii osnovyvayutsya na modifikacii deistviya Gil'berta-Einshteina putem zameny skalyara Richi na bolee obshuyu funkciyu (sm. formulu 3 na str. 3 v obzore), prichem f(R) chatso predstavlyayut v vide ryada, sohranyaya chleny do opredelennogo poryadka. Dal'neishie detali - v obzore.


    arxiv:0805.2935 Kvantovaya gravitaciya vchera i segodnya (Quantum gravity yesterday and today)
    Authors: Bryce DeWitt
    Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, 31 references. Accepted by GRG

    Publikuetsya ranee neizvestnyi tekst Bryusa DeVitta, umershego chetyre goda nazad. Tekst byl obnaruzhen v zapisyah uchenogo bez ukazaniya togo, dlya chego on byl napisan. Zapiska posvyashena istorii kvantovoi gravitacii i nekotorym osnovnym koncepciyam.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0805.3726 Supersimmetriya i superstrunnaya fenomenologiya (Supersymmetry and Superstring Phenomenology)
    Authors: Mary K. Gaillard, Bruno Zumino
    Comments: 18 pages. To be published in `Supersymmetry on the Eve of the LHC'', a special volume of the European Physical Journal C (EPJC) dedicated to the memory of Julius Wess

    Nebol'shoi obzor po supersimmetrii, superstrunam i istorii razvitiya etih napravlenii. Ne skazat', chto stat'ya legkodostupna, no mnogie veshi neizbezhno napisany dostatochno prosto, po krainei mere dlya fizikov i primknuvshih k nim.


    arxiv:0805.4650 w-indeks: sushestvennoe uluchshenie h-indeksa (The w-index: A significant improvement of the h-index)
    Authors: Qiang Wu
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 tables

    Etot kitaec ot skromnosti ne umret! :)
    Na samom dele, vryad li zagolovok otrazhaet real'nost', a uzh srazu vstavlyat' pervuyu bukvu svoei familii v nazvanie indeksa ....

    Sut' indeksa kraine prosta: w=1, esli u cheloveka est' 10 statei s citiruemost'yu bol'she 10. Indeks raven 2, esli est' 20 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 20. U Vittena, skazhem, etot indeks 41, t.e. u Vittena 410 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 410. T.o., indeks ceplyaet samyi top statei.

    Stat'ya zhe interesna tablicei, gde sravnivaetsya mnogo raznyh indeksov, a potom smotryatsya korrelyacii mezhdu nimi.


    Vypusk 185. 01-15 maya 2008

    arxiv:0805.0307 Razdelenie effektov naglyadnosti i samoreklamy v fenomene zavisimosti citiruemosti ot polozheniya v vypuske arXiv:astro-ph (Disentangling Visibility and Self-Promotion Bias in the arXiv:astro-ph Positional Citation Effect)
    Authors: J. P. Dietrich
    Comments: 3 pages, Accepted for publication in PASP

    V proshloi stat'e avtor pokazal, chto citiruemost' stat'i sil'no zavisit ot togo, na kakom meste ona stoit v ezhednevnom vypuske Arhiva, chem blizhe k nachalu - tem vyshe citiruemost'. Bylo pokazano, chto net chisto geograficheskogo effekta (esli by vse, skazhem, otpravlyali stat'i posle obeda, to amerikanskie byli by blizhe k nachalu). Ostavalos' dve vozmozhnosti. Ili avtory sami stavyat stat'i blizhe k nachalu, znaya, chto eto polezno (t.e. i popadanie v verhnyuyu chast' spiska, i voobshe horoshaya citiruemost' - rezul'tat celenapravlennyh deistvii). Ili eto prosto delo sluchaya, i v citiruemost' vnosit vklad tol'ko effekt popadaniya v verhnyuyu chast' spiska, kotoraya luchshe prosmatrivaetsya chitatelyami. V novoi stat'e avtor pokazyvaet, chto oba effekta vazhny, t.e. zavedomo est' gruppa v srednem bolee vysokocitiruemyh statei, kotorye avtory celenapravlenno stavyat v takoe vremya, chto oni popadut v verhnyuyu chast' spiska.

    Zamechu, chto dannaya stat'ya vtoraya vo vtornichnom spiske.


    arxiv:0805.0229 Fermi v Los Alamose i rannie britanskie raboty po yadernoi energii (Fermi at Los Alamos and the early Britain's way to nuclear energy)
    Authors: S. Esposito
    Comments: Latex, amsart, 7 pages, 2 (low resolution) eps figures

    Korotkaya istoricheskaya zametka. Avtor obsuzhdaet nedavno obnaruzhennyi v arhive Chedvika konspekt lekcii Fermi, kotorye tot chital v Los Alamose posle voiny. Avtor polagaet, chto dannyi konspekt ukazyvaet na to, chto lekcii Fermi okazali vliyanie na razvitie britanskogo atomnogo proekta, tak kak v techenie nekotorogo vremeni im prihodilos' dvigat'sya vpered bez sushestvennoi pomoshi s amerikanskoi storony. Krome togo, obnaruzhennyi konspekt interesen i sam po sebe, tak kak soderzhit nekotorye materialy, ne vhodivshie v izvestnye versii konspektov.


    arxiv:0805.0289 Stepeni svobody, svyazannye s cvetom, v fizike elementarnyh chastic (The color charge degree of freedom in particle physics)
    Authors: O.W. Greenberg
    Comments: 5 pages, to appear in the Compendium of Quantum Physics, ed. F. Weinert

    Sovsem koroten'kaya zametka istoricheskogo haraktera ot odnogo iz uchastnikov sobytii serediny 60-h gg., kogda zakladyvalis' osnovy kvantovoi hromodinamiki. Kstati, ne vo vseh tekstah voobshe upominaetsya ego imya (sm., naprimer., tut), hotya vklad imel mesto byt'.


    arxiv:0805.0087 "Chto vy budete delat', esli teoriya strun okazhetsya nevernoi?" ("So what will you do if string theory is wrong?")
    Authors: Moataz H. Emam
    Comments: 5 pages, Americal Journal of Physics, July 2008

    Korotkaya zametka "prostogo fizika teoretika" o tom, chem cenna teoriya strun, chto ot nee ostanetsya, dazhe, esli okazhetsya, chto nado idti drugoi dorogoi. Osnovnoi punkt, obsuzhdaemyi avtorom - AdS/CFT sootvetstvie. Tak zhe rassmatrivaetsya strannyi variant vydeleniya teorii strun v otdel'nuyu disciplinu, otlichnuyu i ot fiziki, i ot matematiki.


    Vypusk 184. 21-30 aprelya 2008

    arxiv:0804.3086 Prepodavanie sverhtekuchesti na nachal'nom urovne (Teaching superfluidity at the introductory level)
    Authors: Alexander J.M. Schmets, Wouter Montfrooij
    Comments: 7 pages

    Na dostupnom urovne rassmatrivaetsya sverhtekuchest' v gelii-4.


    arxiv:0804.3116 Raznica v impakt-faktorah v raznyh oblastyah i v raznye vremena (Differences in Impact Factor Across Fields and Over Time)
    Authors: Benjamin M. Althouse et al.
    Comments: 9 pages

    Kak sleduet iz nazvaniya, avtory obsuzhdayut raznicu v impakt-faktorah zhurnalov v raznyh oblastyah i v raznye periody vremeni. Chto kasaetsya poslednego, to oni obrashayut vnimanie na to, chto kraine sushestvenno, chto lyudi prosto stali bol'she ssylat'sya, t.e. spiski literatury prosto stali gorazdo dlinnee. Chto kasaetsya raznicy mezhdu oblastyami, to tut avtory ukazyvayut, chto kraine sushestvenno, chto v odnih oblastyah mnogo ssylok na literaturu, vklyuchennuyu v Thom- son Journal Citation Reports (JCR), a v drugih - malo. I eto bolee sushestvenno, chem drugie faktory.


    Vypusk 183. 01-20 aprelya 2008

    shutka arxiv:0804.0016 Peresmotr otnositel'nosti (Relativity Revisited)
    Authors: Flora Lopis, Max Tegmark
    Comments: 3 pages

    Fiziki prodolzhayut shutit', i eto pervoe aprelya ne stalo isklyucheniem. Chitaem zamechatel'noe proizvedenie teoretikov iz MIT i slushaem i smotrim ih na YouTube

    Takzhe mozhno otmetit' pervoaprel'skuyu stat'yu Down-sizing Forever.


    arxiv:0804.0747 Fraktal'nye i mul'tifraktal'nye vremennye ryady (Fractal and Multifractal Time Series)
    Authors: Jan W. Kantelhardt
    Comments: 59 pages, 11 figures, for Springer's Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science

    Stat'ya posvyashena podrobnomu razboru slozhnyh vremennyh ryadov. Oni svoistvenny slozhnym dinamicheskim sistemam, t.e. takim, kotorye sostoyat iz neskol'kih nelineino vzaimodeistvuyushih komponent, prichem sistemu nel'zya razdelit' na podsistemy bez poteri informacii o ee dinamike vcelom. Vremennye ryady, vydavaemye takimi sistemami mogut imet' fraktal'nye svoistva (izvestnym primerom yavlyaetsya rabota serdca). Razrabotany metody analiza takih ryadov. Imenno oni i yavlyayutsya osnovnym predmetov obzora.


    arxiv:0804.1938 Kosmicheskie luchi i klimat (Cosmic Rays and Climate)
    Authors: Jasper Kirkby
    Comments: 42 pages, 19 figures Journal-ref: Surveys in Geophysics 28, 333-375 (Nov 2007)

    Avtor obzora yavlyaetsya proponentom gipotezy o tom, chto klimat sushestvennym obrazom zavisit ot galakticheskogo potoka kosmicheskih luchei, kotorye moduliruyut plotnost' oblachnogo pokrova.

    Obzor sostoit iz dvuh osnovnyh chastei. V odnoi obsuzhdaetsya paleoklimat i potok kosmicheskih luchei v proshlom (vklyuchaya i otnositel'no nedavnee proshloe, naprimer maunderovskii minimum). Vo vtoroi rassmatrivayutsya vozmozhnye fizicheskie mehanizmy, otvetstvenny za svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom.

    Otmechu, chto v obzore nikak ne obsuzhdaetsya kritika Volfendeila (wolfendale) i ego soavtorov.


    arxiv:0804.2162 Tainyi mir krevetok: polyarizacionnoe zrenie v luchshem vide (The secret world of shrimps: polarisation vision at its best)
    Authors: Sonja Kleinlogel, Andrew G. White
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

    V prirode chasto mozhno vstretit' polyarizovannoe izluchenie. Okazyvaetsya, mnogie zhivotnye vosprinimayut lineinuyu polyarizaciyu sveta. Krugovuyu, schitaetsya, ne vosprinimaet nikto. Ona i vstrechaetsya rezhe. S drugoi storony, pochemu by zhivotnym ne umet' opredelyat' vse parametry Stoksa? Avtory pokazyvayut, chto odin iz vidov krevetok umeet eto delat', t.e. vosprinimaet i lineinuyu, i krugovuyu polyarizaciyu.


    Vypusk 182. 18-31 marta 2008

    arxiv:0803.2298 Proverka predlozhennoi svyazi mezhdu kosmicheskimi luchami i oblachnym pokrovom (Testing the proposed link between cosmic rays and cloud cover)
    Authors: T. Sloan, A.W. Wolfendale
    Comments: 14 pages

    V etoi zametke kriticheski razbiraetsya gipoteza o svyazi oblachnogo pokrova s potokom kosmicheskih luchei. Napomnyu, chto dve gruppy zayavlyali ob obnaruzhenii korrelyacii potoka galakticheskih kosmicheskih luchei s oblachnym pokrovom (men'she luchei - men'she nizkih oblakov). Sama dostovernost' etoi korrelyacii neskol'ko raz obsuzhdalas', i k kakomu-to okonchatel'nomu vyvodu priiti ne udalos'.

    V obsuzhdaemoi stat'e avtory analiziruyut ne samu korrelyaciyu, a predlozhennyi mehanizm, otvestvennyi za ee nalichie. V kachestve takogo mehanizma byla predlozhena variaciya stepeni ionizacii v atmosfere, poskol'ku za ionizaciyu otvetstvenny kak raz galakticheskie kosmicheskie luchi. Avtoram ne udalos' naiti podtverzhdenii dannoi gipotezy. T.e., pishut oni, ne udalos' pokazat', chto izmeneniya stepeni ionizacii vyzyvayut zametnuyu chast' variacii oblachnogo pokrova.

    Konechno, dannyi rezul'tat nichego ne govorit o dostovernosti korrelyacii mezhdu potokom kosmicheskih luchei i oblachnost'yu. Tem ne menee, eto eshe odin kamen' v ogorod avtorov gipotezy o tom, chto variacii potoka kosmicheskih luchei otvetstvenny za klimaticheskie izmeneniya. Naprimer, mozhet byt' tak, chto korrelyaciya-to real'na, no vot mehanizm drugoi. T.e., i kosmicheskie luchi i oblachnost' (klimat) korreliruyut s tret'ei velichinoi, a nikakoi pryamoi svyazi mezhdu kosmicheskimi luchami i izmeneniyami temperatury na Zemle net.

    S drugoi storony poyavilis' dve raboty (arxiv:0803.2765 i arxiv:0803.2766), v kotoryh avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnost' togo, chto kosmicheskie luchi, posredstvom svoego vozdeistviya na formirovanie oblachnogo pokrova, mogut byt' vazhnym uchastnikom global'noi klimaticheskoi evolyucii.


    arxiv:0803.2589 Asimptoticheskaya svoboda: istoriya i interpretaciya (Asymptotic freedom: history and interpretation)
    Authors: Andrey Grozin
    Comments: 22 pages

    Napomnyu, chto za raboty po asimtoticheskoi svobode v 2004 godu Gross, Vil'chek i Policer poluchili nobelevskie premii po fizike. V stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet istoriyu issledovanii v etoi oblasti (poskol'ku do rabot laureatov byli stat'i Hriplovicha i t'Hufta) i dostatochno detal'no rassmatrivaet fiziku. Iz-za poslednego obstoyatel'stva stat'ya stanovitsya slozhnoi, i vryad li budet dostupna nespecialistam.


    arxiv:0803.2684 Lev Landau i problema singulyarnostei v kosmologii (Lev Landau and the problem of singularities in cosmology)
    Authors: I.M. Khalatnikov, A.Yu. Kamenshchik
    Comments: 16 pages, to be published in Physics - Uspekhi

    Avtory nachinayut s togo, chto vspominayut o bol'shom interese Landau k probleme kosmologicheskoi singulyarnosti. Konechno, so vremen Landau v kosmologii proizoshla nastoyashaya revolyuciya, sootvetstvenno izmenilas' i postanovka problemy o kosmologicheskih singulyarnostyah. V konce stat'i avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye novye voprosy.


    arxiv:0803.3090 Demonstraciya levitacii i podveshivaniya sverhprovodnika nad/pod magnitom (A Classroom Demonstration of Levitation and Suspension of a Superconductor over a Magnetic Track)
    Authors: Charles P. Strehlow, M. C. Sullivan
    Comments: 5 pages

    Opisana nekotoraya modifikaciya horosho izvestnogo opyta po "pareniyu" sverhprovodnika vblizi (nad ili pod) magnita.


    Vypusk 181. 01-17 marta 2008 goda

    arxiv:0803.0409 SETI i myuonnyi kollaider (SETI and muon collider)
    Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
    Comments: 3 pages, ReVTeX4

    Ochen' neobychnaya ideya. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto puchok neitrino ot realistichnogo (200 TeV) myuonnogo kollaidera mozhet byt' zaregistrirovan detektorom tipa IceCube s rasstoyaniya v neskol'ko parsek. T.e., mozhno ispol'zovat' takuyu ekzotiku dlya SETI.

    Na moi vzglyad, ideya ne slishkom perspektivnaya, t.k. s takih rasstoyanii bylo by gorazdo proshe zasech' tehnicheskuyu civilizaciyu tipa nashei v radio. Tem ne menee, ochen' interesno.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0803.0614 Trenirovannost', udachi i mify: ob'ektivnyi vzglyad na futbol'nye rezul'taty (Fitness, chance, and myths: an objective view on soccer results)
    Authors: Andreas Heuer, Oliver Rubner
    Comments: Latex file, 28 pages 17 eps-figures

    S pomosh'yu statisticheskih metodov avtory rassmatrivayut rezul'taty 12546 matchei Bundesligi s 1965 po 2007 gody. Odnim iz interesnyh rezul'tatov avtor yavlyaetsya to, chto po ih mneniyu raznica zabityh i propushennyh myachei luchshe harakterizuet uroven' komandy, chem nabrannye ochki.


    arxiv:0803.0992 Otkrytie cvetovyh stepenei svobody v fizike elementarnyh chastic, lichnyi vzglyad (Discovery of the Color Degree of Freedom in Particle Physics: a Personal Perspective)
    Authors: O.W. Greenberg
    Comments: 12 pages, to appear in proceedings of the 13th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics, Moscow State University, August 2007

    V 1964 godu Grinberg vvel ponyatie, kotoroe seichas my nazyvaem "cvetom" kvarkov. T.e., im bylo predlozheno, chto kvarki nesut nekii novyi vid zaryada. Eto vazhno, poskol'ku kvarki podchinyayutsya statistike Fermi.

    V stat'e avtor vspominaet, kak vse eto proishodilo. Razumeetsya, v nachale ideyu vosprinyali skepticheski ...


    arxiv:0803.1001 Masshtabiruyushie zakonomernosti v sisteme nauki: vliyanie osobennostei citirovaniya v dannoi oblasti na pokazateli otdel'nogo uchenogo (Scaling rules in the science system: influence of field-specific citation characteristics on the impact of individual researchers)
    Authors: Rodrigo Costas, Maria Bordons, Thed N. van Leeuwen, Anthony F.J. van Raan
    Comments: 20 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables

    Avtory provodyat naukometricheskii analiz s uchetom mnozhestva parametrov i osobennostei konkretnyh oblastei nauki. Privoditsya mnogo grafikov, kak te ili inye parametry korreliruyut drug s drugom v raznyh oblastyah. Na moi vzglyad, mnogie vyvody avtorov dostatochno trivial'ny i predskazuemy. Naprimer, dostatochno ochevidno, chto, esli v kakoi-to oblasti nauki kolichestvo citirovanii neveliko, to uvelichenie chisla publikacii budet davat' bol'shoi effekt (t.e., citiruemost' budet sil'no vozrastat'), a v sil'no konkurentnyh oblastyah, gde citiruemost' velika, vazhno brat' ne kolichestvom, a kachestvom. Tem ne menee, komu-to, vozmozhno, budet interesno pochitat'.


    arxiv:0803.1145 Enriko Fermi i fizika i tehnika yadernogo reaktora: poisk novyh dokumentov (Enrico Fermi and the Physics and Engineering of a nuclear pile: the retrieval of novel documents)
    Authors: S. Esposito, O. Pisanti
    Comments: Latex, amsart, 78 pages, 7 (low resolution) figures

    Avtory opisyvat i analiziruyut ranee nepublikovavshiesya zapiski Fermi i ego kolleg, posvyashennye razrabotke yadernyh reaktorov. Ves'ma interesno smotret' na eskizy iz patentnyh zayavok Fermi i soavtrov. Privodyasya vyderzhki iz patentnyh opisanii, a takzhe interesnoe pis'mo Fermi Rezerfordu, napisannoe v 1934 godu.


    Vypusk 180. 14-29 fevralya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0802.3207 Kak isparyayutsya kapli? (How do drops evaporate?)
    Authors: Nebojsa Murisic, Lou Kondic
    Comments: 10 pages

    Okazyvaetsya, v voprosah ispareniya kapel' est' eshe mnogo neyasnogo! V chastnosti, avtory ispol'zuyut dve populyarnye modeli i pokazyvayut, chto v ryade sluchaev (dlya kapli deionizirovannoi vody na kremnievo podlozhke) modeli dayut raznye rezul'taty po skorosti ispareniya.


    arxiv:0802.3249 Ot dual'nyh modelei k teorii strun (From Dual Models to String Theory)
    Authors: Peter Goddard
    Comments: 34 pages, A contribution to the volume "The Birth of String Theory"

    Ocherednoi material, podgotovlennyi dlya sbornika po istorii teorii strun. V etoi stat'e nauchnyi material chasto dovleet nad istoricheskim. T.e., eto skoree obzor so mnozhestvom istoricheskih remarok i otstuplenii.


    Vypusk 179. 01-14 fevralya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0802.1620 Dinamika evakuacii: empiricheskie rezul'taty, modelirovanie i prilozheniya (Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications)
    Authors: Andreas Schadschneider, Wolfram Klingsch, Hubert Kluepfel, Tobias Kretz, Christian Rogsch, Armin Seyfried
    Comments: 57 pages, 19 figures; to appear in: `Encyclopedia of Complexity and System Science'', B. Meyers (Ed.) (Springer, Berlin, 2008);

    V principe, mnogie dogadyvayutsya, chto vopros ob evakuacii lyudei daleko ne prazdnyi. V novostyah poyavlyaetsya dostatochno mnogo sluchaev, kogda, skazhem, pri pozhare v usloviyah paniki lyudi gibnut prosto iz-za togo, chto puti evakuacii okazalis' ploho ustroeny. Pravil'noe obsutroistvo takih putei - delo neprostoe. I tut razrabatyvaetsya mnogo raznyh podhodov. Bol'shinstvo iz nih opisano v stat'e. Osnovnoe vnimanie avtory udelyayut modelirovaniyu metodom kletochnyh avtomatov.


    arxiv:0802.1820 Empiricheskoe issledovanie g-indeksa dlya 26 fizikov, i sravnenie s h-indeksom, F-indeksom i R-indeksom (An empirical investigation of the g-index for 26 physicists in comparison with the h-index, the A-index, and the R-index)
    Authors: Michael Schreiber
    Comments: 28 pages, including 4 figures with 6 plots, 4 tables accepted for publication in J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Techn

    Sushestvuet mnogo sposobov formal'noi ocenki kachestva i kolichestva narabotannogo uchenym. Krome banal'nogo polnogo citirovaniya i kolichestva statei pridumano mnogo raznyh indeksov. V dannoi stat'e na primere 26 uchenyh odnogo universiteta avtor sravnivaet raznye indeksy.


    Vypusk 178. 22-31 yanvarya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0801.3727 Preimushestva plazmennoi obrabotki tekstilya (Plasma treatment advantages for textiles)
    Authors: Amelia Sparavigna
    Comments: 16 pages

    Po-moemu ochen' interesnaya stat'ya. ne berus' sudit' ob original'nyh rezul'tatah, predstavlennyh avtorom. No obzor togo, kak plazmennaya obrabotka izmenyaet svoistva tkanei i poverhnostei ochen' interesen.


    arxiv:0801.4694 Ot Geizenberga do Einshteina? Vospominaniya i razmyshleniya o rozhdenii teorii strun (From Heisenberg to Einstein? Recollections and afterthoughts on the birth of string theory)
    Authors: Renato Musto
    Comments: 7 pages, Contribute to the collective volume "The birth of String Theory", edited by A. Cappelli, E. Castellani, F. Colomo and P. Di Vecchia

    Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi odin iz uchastnikov sobytii (Renato Musto - soavtor dvuh top-citiruemyh rabot po teorii strun, napisannyh v seredine 70-h) vspominaet i razmyshlyaet o samom rannem etape v zhizni teorii strun i o tom, chto etomu etapu neposredstvenno predshestvovalo.
    Horoshaya ssylka nomer 12.

    Vypusk 177. 10-21 yanvarya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0801.2700 Etiketki i fizika: razvitie novyh metodov markirovki kak novoe mnogoobeshayushee pole dlya prikladnoi fiziki (Labels discover physics: the development of new labelling methods as a promising research field for applied physics)
    Authors: Amelia Sparavigna
    Comments: 16 pages, 9 fihures

    Chto tol'ko ne ispol'zuyut dlya etiketok i markirovok! A vse dlya togo, chtoby zashitit' tovar ot poddelok ili zhe peredat' informaciyu. Krome uzhe banal'nyh shtrih-kodov i gologramm v etom dele primenyayut dostatochno prodvinutye tehnologii, osnovannye na interesnyh fizicheskih effektah. Koe-chto ob etom mozhno uznat' iz stat'i.


    Vypusk 176. 20 dekabrya 2007-09 yanvarya 2008 goda

    arxiv:0712.4350 Statistika publikacii i citirovaniya britanskih astronomov (Publication and citation statistics for UK astronomers)
    Authors: A. J. Blustin
    Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures

    V stat'e dana svodka statistiki po publikaciyam 835 britanskih professional'nyh astronomov.


    arxiv:0712.3609 Postpopravki i matematicheskaya model' zhizni v rasshirennoi Everettovskoi modeli (Postcorrection and mathematical model of life in Extended Everett's Concept)
    Authors: Michael B. Mensky
    Comments: 24 pages, 1 figure, LATEX

    Mihail Menskii prodolzhaet razvivat' svoi podhod po ob'yasneniyu fenomena soznaniya v ramkah everettovskoi interpretacii kvantovoi mehaniki.


    arxiv:0712.4029 Vvedenie v radiovolny (Elements of Radio Waves)
    Authors: Frank G. Borg, Ismo Hakala, Jukka Maattala
    Comments: 94 pages with 29 figures of which 6 are postscript figures and the rest are made using eepic. BibTex bibliography

    Obshirnyi material, soderzhashii osnovy, neobhodimye dlya ponimaniya togo, chto takoe radiovolny, kak oni generiruyutsya i registriruyutsya.


    arxiv:0712.4129 Detektory i instrumentarii dlya budushih neitrinnyh ustanovok (Detectors and flux instrumentation for future neutrino facilities)
    Authors: T. Abe et al.
    Comments: Detector report of the International Scoping Study of a future Neutrino Factory and Super-Beam facility, 86 pages, 49 figures

    Predstavlen otchet po razrabotke neitrinnyh detektorov dlya budushih neitrinnyh eksperimentov na uskoritelyah. Predstavleny razlichnye al'ternativy kak dlya udalennyh detektorov, tak i dlya instrumentov, rabotayushih na uskoritele.


    arxiv:0801.0028 CODATA rekomendovannye znacheniya fundamental'nyh konstant: 2006 (CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006)
    Authors: Peter J. Mohr, Barry N. Taylor, David B. Newell
    Comments: 105 pages, 7 figures, 46 tables; describes in detail the 2006 CODATA adjustment of the values of the constants

    CODATA - Committee on Data for Science and Technology. V stat'e predstavleny rekomendovannye etim komitetom znacheniya fundamentadbnyh konstant. Predydushee obnovlenie bylo chetyre goda nazad. Sait proekta physics.nist.gov/constants.


    Vypusk 175. 14-19 dekabrya 2007

    arxiv:0712.2820 Temp proizvodstva i zanyatost' astronomov s Ph.D. (The Production Rate and Employment of Ph.D. Astronomers)
    Authors: Travis S. Metcalfe
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, PASP

    Ochen' interesnaya, na moi vzglyad, zametka. Avtor proanaliziroval dinamiku kolichestva zashishayushih dissertacii po astronomii v SShA za 36 let, a takzhe trudoustroistvo zashishennyh. Interesnyi pokazatel': do polucheniya postoyannoi pozicii molodoi astronom dolzhen v srednem smenit' tri rabochih mesta.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0712.1950 Proekt ILC (ILC Reference Design Report Volume 1 - Executive Summary)
    Authors: James Brau, Yasuhiro Okada, Nicholas Walker, et al

    ILC - International Linear Collider. V razdele physics arhiva preprintov poyavilas' seriya materialov, posvyashennyh etomu proektu.

    Eto budet TeVnyi elektron-pozitronnyi kollaider. Poka s etim proektom mnogo neyasnogo (nedavno Velikobritaniya sokratila ego finansirovanie). Yasno, chto ran'she 2019 goda ego ne budet.

    Tem ne menee, predlagaemyi material interesen sam po sebe. Hotya by uzhe za schet ponyatnogo vvedenie v temu, kotoroe ya i sovetuyu vsem prochest'.

    Drugie stat'i po proektu, soderzhashie uzhe tehnicheskie detali i tp.: arxiv:0712.2336 arxiv:0712.2343 arxiv:0712.2356 arxiv:0712.2361


    Vypusk 174. 01-13 dekabrya 2007

    arxiv:0712.1037 Vazhno byt' pervym: zavisimost' citiruemosti ot polozheniya v ezhednevnom vypuske arXiv:astro-ph (The Importance of Being First: Position Dependent Citation Rates on arXiv:astro-ph)
    Authors: J. P. Dietrich
    Comments: 5 pages, accepted for publication in PASP

    Poleznye melochi: chem blizhe vasha stat'ya k nachalu ezhednevnogo vypuska arhiva preprintov, tem vyshe u nee shansy stat' horosho citiruemoi! Moei pervoi mysl'yu bylo, chto delo prosto v tom, chto vazhna geografiya: yasno, chto iz-za raznicy vo vremeni vyshe v spiske postoyanno okazyvayutsya stat'i iz odnih i teh zhe stran. No avtory isklyuchayut etu vozmozhnost'. Tak chto v samom dele, vazhno byt' blizhe k nachalu. Interesno, nachnut li lyudi massovo uchityvat' etot aspekt?


    arxiv:0712.1571 Registraciya mezhgalakticheskogo meteora na 6-metrovom teleskope (Detection of an intergalactic meteor particle with the 6-m telescope)
    Authors: V.L. Afanasiev, V.V. Kalenichenko, I.D. Karachentsev
    Comments: 9 pages, 6 EPS figures, Astrophysical Bulletin, 2007, v. 62, p. 301-310

    28 iyulya 2006 g. na shestimetrovom teleskope v SAO sluchaino byl poluchen spektr slabogo meteora. Neobychnym yavlyaetsya to, chto ocenka skorosti chasticy okazalas' gromadnoi: 300 km v sek. Imenno eto i daet osnovaniya avtoram nazyvaet ego "mezhgalakticheskim", ibo v raione solnechnoi orbity v Galaktike eta velichina prevoshodit "vtoruyu galakticheskuyu". Ocenka razmera chasticy daet vsego lish' neskol'ko desyatyh millimetra, no eto nemalo, esli sravnivat' s analogichnymi chasticami v Solnechnoi sisteme.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0712.1750 Fizika neitrino (Neutrino Physics)
    Authors: S.F.King
    Comments: 30 pages, 14 figures, review article suitable for a general audience

    Avtorskoe zamechanie "suitable for a general audience" sleduet dopolnit' ogovorkoi, chto rech' idet o "fizicheskoi" auditorii. Obzor v samom dele, na moi vzglyad, horosh, no znanii fiziki i matematiki taki trebuet. Sobrany vse osnovnye voprosy, obsuzhdayushiesya v sovremennoi neitrinnoi fizike. Vo mnogih chasto upominaemyh punktah obzor pomozhet fiziku, ne yavlyayushemusya specialistam v blizkih k fizike neitrino oblastyah, razobrat'sya chut' detal'nee, yasnee ponyat' nekotorye momenty.


    Vypusk 173. 20-30 noyabrya 2007

    istoricheskii obzor arxiv:0711.3139 Yadernaya astrofizika do 1957 (Nuclear Astrophysics Before 1957)
    Authors: Edwin E. Salpeter
    Comments: 16 pages

    Voshititel'naya yasnaya stat'ya, v kotoroi avtor vspominaet klyuchevye sobytiya rannei istorii yadernoi astrofiziki, v kotoryh on prinimal uchastie, a takzhe delaet interesneishie otstupleniya, posvyashennye otdel'nym lichnostyam ili aktual'nym sovremennym voprosam.

    Pochemu "do 1957"? Potomu chto v tom godu vyshla stat'ya, izvestnaya kak B2FH (Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, Hoyle). No v stat'e Salpitera rech' idet o sobytiya, kotorye predshestvovali poyavleniyu etoi raboty.

    Pereskazyvat' bespolezno-chitaite.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0711.3720 Skol' neobychnoi byla osen' 2006 goda v Evrope? (How unusual was autumn 2006 in Europe?)
    Authors: G. J. van Oldenborgh
    Comments: 10 pages, Clim. Past, 3, 659-668, 2007

    Rassmatrivaetsya rekordno zharkaya osen' proshlogo goda v Evrope. (Po ironii sud'by, ya kak raz nahodilsya v toi chasti (Komo, Italiya), gde bylo dazhee chut' holodnee obychnogo.) Stat'ya interesnaya. Mnogo poleznyh dannyh, v tom chisle i predstavlennyh graficheski. Rekomenduyu.

    Vypusk 172. 01-19 noyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0711.1985 Pyat' ili shest' shagov v evolyucionnom scenarii? (Five or six step scenario for evolution?)
    Authors:
    Comments:

    Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya evolyucii zhivyh sushestv na kosmicheskih vremennyh masshtabah. Razumeetsya, nikakih chetkih vyvodov stat'ya ne soderzhit, tem ne menee vniknut' v obsuzhdaemyi krug voprosom ochen' zanimatel'no.

    Itak, osnovoi obsuzhdeniya yavlyaetsya postulat o tom, chto v istorii evolyucii zhizni na Zemle bylo neskol'ko "trudnyh shagov" (ili "uzkih mest"). Prichem, predpolagaetsya, chto intervaly mezhdu nimi primerno odinakovy.

    Chto takoe "uzkoe mesto" - eto kakoi-to slozhnyi evolyucionnyi shag. Dva iz nih ochevidny: eto samo zarozhdenie zhizni i poyavlenie razumnyh sushestv. Est' li chto-to poseredine? Dlya otveta na etot vopros pribegayut k statisticheskim ocenkam. Krome togo, kraine vazhny dannye o tom "skol'ko nam ostalos'" (imeetsya vvidu nalichie blagopriyatnyh klimaticheskih uslovii dlya sushestvovaniya zhizni), i o tom, kogda proishodili kakie-to vazhnye proryvy v razvitii zhizni.

    Esli nam ostalos' "nemnogo" - chto-to okolo milliarda let ili men'she, to statistika govorit, chto shagov bylo 5-6. V dopolnenie k dvum nazvannym pribavlyayut poyavlenie bakterii, eukariot, geneticheskoi reprodukcii i mnogokletochnyh organizmov.

    Interesnyi otryvok diskussii svyazan s tem, chto, vozmozhno, chto pervyi shag byl sdelan na Marse, a ne na Zemle (t.e., zhiznb poyavilas' tam, poskol'ku tam usloviya byli luchshe, a potom byla zanesena na Zemlyu, chto togda bylo proshe iz-za bolee chastyh stolknovenii s massivnymi asteroidami).

    V obshem - chitaite.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0711.0150 Kosmicheskie issledovaniya v oblasti fundamental'noi fiziki i kvantovyh tehnologii (Space-based research in fundamental physics and quantum technologies)
    Authors: S.G. Turyshev, et al.
    Comments: a white paper, revtex, 27 pages

    Ochen' interesnyi i soderzhatel'nyi otchet, posvyashennyi sostoyaniyu del i perspektivam eksperimentov v oblasti fundamental'noi fiziki s ispol'zovaniem sputnikov, a takzhe metodov astronomii. V pervuyu ochered', konechno, rech' idet o teoriyah gravitacii i tp. Drgie zatragivaemye oblasti eto: izmeneniya fundamental'nyh konstant, tochnaya kosmologiya, kosmomikrofizika (aka astroparticle physics). Takzhe rassmatrivayutsya razrabotki novyh standartov chastoty s ispol'zovaniem kosmicheskih tehnologii. Avtory predlagayut sozdat' v NASA special'noe podrazdelenie, kotoroe zanimalos' by etimi i podobnymi im voprosami.


    Vypusk 171. 17-31 oktyabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0710.3543 Znachenie chislennyh sovpadenii v prirode (The significance of numerical coincidences in nature)
    Authors: Brandon Carter
    Comments: 73 latex pages, consisting of 5 page postscript appended to transcript (with original figures by photocopy) of 68 page manuscript printed by stencil in 1967 under subheading ``The role of fundamental microphysical parameters in cosmogony'', as a foundation for what was to become known as the anthropic principle

    Arhivazhnaya stat'ya! Eto vosproizvedenie klassicheskoi raboty, posvyashennoi antropnomu principu (do etogo ona byla malodostupna v elektronnom vide). Krome togo Karter sdelal nebol'shoe posleslovie. Sovetuyu vsem prochest'!


    arxiv:0710.4279 Eksperiment SuperNEMO po poisku dvoinogo beta-raspada (The SuperNEMO double beta decay experiment)
    Authors: Irina Nasteva, for the SuperNEMO Collaboration
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures; talk presented at the 10th ICATPP Conference, Como, Italy, 8-12 October 2007; to be published by World Scientific

    Obnaruzhenie bezneitrinnogo dvoinogo beta-raspada ochen' vazhno dlya fundamental'noi fiziki. V techenie poslednih desyatkov let postoyanno predprinimayutsya popytki uvidet' takoe sobytie. Poka - tol'ko verhnie predely. V stat'e opisan eshe odin proekt.


    Vypusk 170. 01-16 oktyabrya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0709.4635 Cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' v plotnom kvarkovom veshestve (Color superconductivity in dense quark matter)
    Authors: Mark G. Alford, Krishna Rajagopal, Thomas Schaefer, Andreas Schmitt
    Comments: 62 pages, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics

    Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi sverhprovodimosti v kvarkovom veshestve. Razumeetsya, v pervuyu ochered' takaya situaciya vozmozhna v nedrah kompatnyh zvezd (nazvat' ih "neitronnymi" v dannom sluchae uzhe nel'zya). Obzor ochen' detal'nyi, no inteersen, skoree vsego, tol'ko specialistam (za isklyucheniem vvedeniya i zaklyuchitel'noi, "astrofizicheskoi" chasti).


    arxiv:0710.2793 Roscherk magnitara SGR 1806-20 na magnitnom pole Zemli (The SGR 1806-20 magnetar signature on the Earth's magnetic field)
    Authors: Mioara Mandea, Georgios Balasis
    Comments: Geophys. J. Int., 167, 2006

    Vspyshka istochnika myagkih povtoryayushihsya gamma-vspleskom SGR 1806-20, proizoshedshaya 27 dekabrya 2004 goda, nadelala shuma. V chastnosti, ona okazala sushestvennoe vliyanie na sostoyanie zemnyh okrestnostei: izmenila ionizaciyu, vozmutila magnitnoe pole. Vot pro poslednee-to i rasskazyvaetsya v stat'e.

    Avtory analiziruyut dannye sputnika CHAMP. Soglasno ih rezul'tatam v povedenii zemnogo magnitnogo polya nablyudalas' periodichnost' s periodom 7.5 sekund - t.e. s periodom vrasheniya magnitara.

    O povedenii samogo "vinovnika" spustya dva goda posle vspyshki mozhno prochest' zdes'.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0710.0191 Inzhenernaya fizika v izuchenii anomalii Pionerov (Physics Engineering in the Study of the Pioneer Anomaly)
    Authors: Slava G. Turyshev, Viktor T. Toth
    Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at the "IV Physics Engineering International Meeting," Mexico City, Mexico, 15-19 October 2007

    Opisany novye popytki razobrat'sya v anomalii Pionerov. Otveta poka net, no chitat' - vsem! Ibo budut ispol'zovany novye dannye i novaya dokumentaciya dlya postroeniya modeli apparatov.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0710.0671 Kosmos v tvoem karmane: kak kosmologicheskaya nauka stala zemnoi tehnologiei (The Cosmos in Your Pocket: How Cosmological Science Became Earth Technology. I)
    Authors: William T. Bridgman
    Comments: 37 pages, 5 figures

    Dostatochno interesnyi tekst. Nazvanie, na moi vzglyad, neskol'ko obmanchivo (rech' tam v onovnom ne o kosmologii), tem ne menee. Avtor rassmatrivaet svyaz' otkrytii v oblasti fundamental'noi astronomii, astrofiziki i tp. s kakimi-to vpolne prizemlennymi utilitarnymi veshami, a takzhe s vazhnymi rezul'tatami v fizike. T.e., obsuzhdaet "kakaya ot astronomii pol'za".


    arxiv:0710.1134 Istoriya rabochei gruppy po parametram chastic na KEK v 70-e gody (The History of the Particle Data Group at KEK in the 1970s)
    Authors: Kouji Hirata, Fumiyo Uchiyama
    Comments: 27 pages

    Po-yaponski suhaya istoriya o rabote fizikov na KEKe v semidesyatye gody. Zdes' net nikakih epizodov, podobnyh "izobreteniyu" osoboi formy feinmanovskih diagramm, vse izlozheno prakticheski oficial'nym tonom.


    Vypusk 169. 19-30 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0709.3537 Stat'ya Ettore Maiorany "Rol' statisticheskih zakonov v fizike i naukah ob obshestve" (L'articolo di Ettore Majorana su "Il valore delle Leggi Statistiche nella Fisica e nelle Scienze Sociali" (Ettore Majorana's article on "The value of Statistical Laws in Physics and in Social Sciences"))
    Authors: Erasmo Recami
    Comments: Comments: paper of 21 pages [source-file in Word]. Small parts of it appeared in the Italian newspapers (beginning of 2006) and particularly in the Journal Fisica in Medicina (2006), issue no.3, pp.261-265

    Issledovatel' tvorchestva Maiorany prodolzhaet vykladyvat' v Arhiv razlichnye materialy. Na etot raz, eto stat'ya Ettore, kotoraya ne byla opublikovana im pri zhizni. V posledstvii stat'ya taki byla napechatana, i vot teper' ee mozhno uvidet' v svobodnom dostupe.


    arxiv:0709.3662 Ekonofizika: statisticheskii podhod (Econophysics, Statistical Mechanics Approach to)
    Authors: Victor M. Yakovenko
    Comments: 24 pages, 11 figures, 144 citations

    Chestno govorya, u menya vsya eta ekonofizika vyzyvaet, kak by skazat', smeshannye chuvstva. Tem ne menee, komu-to mozhet pokazat'sya poleznym prosmotret' nekotoryi obzor po etoi teme. Kak vidno, material soprovozhdaetsya bol'shim kolichestvom ssylok.


    arxiv:0709.3696 DAFNA: sostoyanie i plany po modernizacii (DAFNE Status and Upgrade Plans)
    Authors: M. Zobov, for the DAFNE Team
    Comments: Invited Talk at VII International Workshop to the Memory of Prof. V.P.Sarantsev "Problems of Charged Particle Beams: Electron-Positron Colliders", to be published in "PHYSICS of PARTICLES and NUCLEI, LETTERS"

    DAFNE - uspeshnyi eksperiment v oblasti elementarnyh chastic. V nastoyashee vremya planiruetsya apgreid priborov. Eto horoshii moment dlya podvedeniya nekotoryh itogov i zaglyadyvaniya v budushee.


    arxiv:0709.4024 Zatknis' i schitai! (Shut up and calculate)
    Authors: Max Tegmark
    Comments: 3 pages, this is the "director's cut" version of the September 15 2007 New Scientist cover story. For references, see the "full strength" version at arXiv:0704.0646

    Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya! Avtor "narochno" vybiraet ochen' krainyuyu poziciyu, kotoruyu mozhno opisat' tak: "Vselennaya ne prosto opisyvaetsya matematikoi, vselennaya i est' matematika".

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0709.4093 Kratkaya istoriya ekonomiki: vzglyad so storony (A Brief History of Economics: An Outsider's Account)
    Authors: Bikas K Chakrabarti
    Comments: 6 pages, Springer style, from 'Econophysics of Stock and Other Markets', Eds. A. Chatterjee, B. K. Chakrabarti, New Economic Windows Series, Springer, Milan, 2006, pp~219-224

    Vsego na shesti stranicah predstavlen vzglyad fizika na istoriyu ekonomiki. Po-moemu ochen' lyubopytno.


    Vypusk 168. 11-18 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0709.1216 Persidsko-toledskie astronomicheskie svyazi i evropeiskoe vozrozhdenie (The Persian-Toledan Astronomical Connection and the European Renaissance)
    Authors: M. Heydari-Malayeri
    Comments: 12 pages, paper presented at the Academia Europaea 19th Annual Conference "The Dialogue of Three Cultures and our European Heritage" (Toledo Crucible of the Culture and the Dawn of the Renaissance), 2 - 5 September 2007, Toledo, Spain. Chair, Organizing Committee: Prof. Manuel G. Velarde

    Istoricheskoe issledovanie, posvyashennoe svyazyam arabskoi (persidskoi) i evropeiskoi (ispanskoi, tochnee - andaluzskoi) astronomii.


    arxiv:0709.1183 Neopublikovannye nauchnye rukopisi Ettore Maiorany (The Scientific Manuscripts left Unpublished by Ettore Majorana (with outlines of his life and work))
    Authors: Erasmo Recami, Salvatore Esposito
    Comments: paper of 28 pages (in English). A finished, enlarged version of this artice will appear as the editors' Preface, at the beginning of the coming book "Ettore Majorana - Unpublished Research Notes on Theoretical Physics", edited by S.Esposito, E.Recami, A.van der Merwe and R.Battiston, to be printed by Springer verlag, Berlin

    Avtory dayut obzor neopublikovannyh zametok Maiorany (chast' iz nih byla neskol'ko let nazad izdana sovremennymi issledovatelyami istorii nauki, chast' gotovitsya k publikacii).


    arxiv:0709.1248 Nauchnye pribory, predstavlyayushie istoricheskii interes, iz treh staryh kolledzhei Bergamo (Gli Strumenti Scientifici di Interesse Storico di tre antiche Scuole Medie Superiori di Bergamo ("Lussana", "Vittorio Emanuele", e "Quarenghi"))
    Authors: Erasmo Recami et al.
    Comments: 80 pages: in Italian, but with 51 self-explanatory photographs in color, and 19 black-and-white sketches, of the 178 Scientific Instruments of Historical Interest for Physics here catalogued and described. ournal-ref: "Gli Strumenti Scientifici di Interesse Storico del 'Lussana', del 'Vittorio Emanuele', e del 'Quarenghi' di Bergamo" (Tipolito Castell; Bergamo, 2002)

    Bol'shoi tekst na ital'yanskom, posvyashennyi opisaniyu staryh nauchnyh priborov, nahodyashihsya v treh ital'yanskih kolledzhah v Bergamo (kolledzh-vozmozhno, ne luchshii variant perevoda, no on otrazhaet sut'). Instrumenty ne obyazatel'no "vremen Galileo", no est' i v samom dele starinnye. Privedeno mnogo illyustracii, tak chto stoit obratit' vnimanie.

    arxiv:0709.1387 Kurt Gedel' i ego vselennaya (Kurt Goedel and His Universe)
    Authors: Ivan Todorov
    Comments: 12 pages, PDF

    Nebol'shaya zametka, posvyashennaya biografii Gedelya i ego filosofskim interesam.


    arxiv:0709.1728 Trudnosti s fizikoi? (Trouble with Physics?)
    Authors: J. Harnad
    Comments: 5 pages, book review

    Kriticheskaya recenziya na knigu Smolina "Trudnosti s fizikoi". Po-moemu, kommentarii recenzenta spravedlivy.


    Vypusk 167. 25 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2007

    arxiv:0709.0502 Antropnost' i blizorukost': uslovnye veroyatnosti i kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya (Anthropics and Myopics: Conditional Probabilities and the Cosmological Constant)
    Authors: Irit Maor, Lawrence Krauss, Glenn Starkman
    Comments: 13 pages

    Avtory privodyat dostatochno ubeditel'noe rassuzhdenie v pol'zu togo, chto ne stoit vosprinimat' fakt nashego sushestvovaniya kak nechto bezuslovno ob'yasnyayushee velichinu kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi. Naprimer, pri podobnom ob'yasnenii molchalivo predpolagaetsya, chto my yavlyaemsya tipichnymi nablyudatelyami, chto ne ochevidno.


    arxiv:0709.0752 Sky in Google Earth (Sky in Google Earth: The Next Frontier in Astronomical Data Discovery and Visualization)
    Authors: Ryan Scranton et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be submitted to PASP

    Opisan proekt Sky in Google Earth. Bol'she skazat'-to i nechego!

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0708.3454 Vizualizaciya effektov special'noi i obshei teorii otnositel'nosti (First-person visualizations of the special and general theory of relativity)
    Authors: U. Kraus
    Comments: To be published in The European Journal of physics, 13 pages, 9 figures, for associated mpeg files see this http URL (section "First-person visualizations of the special and general theory of relativity")

    Avtor predlagaet animacii effektov STO i OTO. Stat'ya soderzhit nekotorye neobhodimye poyasneniya.


    arxiv:0708.3940 Istoki teorii strun (The beginning of string theory: a historical sketch)
    Authors: Paolo Di Vecchia, Adam Schwimmer
    Comments: Latex 18 pages, 3 figures, use svmult.cls. Contribution to the volume "String theory and fundamental interactions", dedicated to Gabriele Veneziano on his 65th birthday

    Pervye raboty po tomu napravleniyu, kotoroe pozzhe prevratilos' v teoriyu strun, prinadlezhat izvestneishemu fiziku-teoretiku Gabriele Veneciano. K ego yubileyu (tradicionno v mire otmechayut 65-letie uchenyh, prichina etogo budet maloponyatna bol'shinstvu nashih nachal'nikov, zanimayushih svoi posty pozhiznenno) Veneciano i napisan nebol'shoi obzor po rannim rabotam v teorii strun.


    arxiv:0708.4361 Fundamental'nye konstanty (Fundamental Constants)
    Authors: Frank Wilczek
    Comments: 20 pages, no figures

    Neprostoi, no ochen' soderzhatel'nyi tekst ot Franka Vil'cheka.


    arxiv:0709.0087 Kvantovo-mehanicheskoe zaputyvanie i proverka CPT-teoremy s pomosh'yu neitral'nyh mezonov na elektron-pozitronnyh kollaiderah (Research News -- Quantum Mechanical Entanglement and Tests of CPT Theorem with Neutral Mesons at e+ e- Colliders)
    Authors: B. Ananthanarayan, Kshitij Garg
    Comments: 6 pages, submitted to Current Science

    Avtory rassmatrivayut neskol'ko nedavnih eksperimentov (BELLE na KEK-B v Yaponii i KLOE na ustanovke DAFNE v Italii), v kotoryh bylo podtverzhdeno nablyudenie zaputyvaniya sostoyanii, a takzhe podtverzhdena t.n. CPT-teorema.


    arxiv:0709.0234 O magnitnyh polyah, generiruemyh v eksperimentah s dinamo (On the magnetic fields generated by experimental dynamo)
    Authors: F. Petrelis, N. Mordant, S. Fauve
    Comments: 40 pages, 13 figures

    V astrofizike generaciya polya razlichnymi dinamo-mehanizmami igraet ogromnuyu rol'. Okazyvaetsya, i v laboratorii mozhno pytat'sya vosproizvesti takoi process. V stat'e opisyvaetsya tri uspeshnyh eksperimenta i obsuzhdayutsya ih rezul'taty.


    arxiv:0709.0634 Detektory kosmicheskih luchei na Zemle i v kosmose (Detectors for Cosmic Rays on Ground and in Space)
    Authors: Hiroyasu Tajima
    Comments: 14 pages, 21 figures, Invited Talk at 11th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria, February 19-24, 2007, To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods A

    Avtor daet obzor sovremennyh eksperimentov v oblasti kosmicheskih luchei: observatoriya im. Ozhe, PAMELA, ICECUBE, ANITA, rassmatrivaet cherenkovskie teleskopy (CANGAROO, HESS, MAGIC, VERITAS), zatem rech' idet o sputnike GLAST.


    arxiv:0709.0685 Ne tol'ko iz-za teorii: Daison, Eddington i protivorechivye mify o ekspedicii na zatmenie 1919 g. (Not Only Because of Theory: Dyson, Eddington and the Competing Myths of the 1919 Eclipse Expedition)
    Authors: Daniel Kennefick
    Comments: 30 pages, to appear in proceedings of the 7th Conference on the History of General Relativity, Tenerife, 2005

    Avtor rassmatrivaet vazhnyi moment v istorii nauki: ekspediciyu 1919 goda, v hode kotoroi proveryalos' predskazanie OTO ob otklonenii luchei sveta v pole Solnca. Vyvod avtora v tom, chto nablyudateli ne byli predvzyaty, t.e., chto oni ne stremilis' podtverdit' OTO, a provodili normal'noe neangazhirovannoe issledovanie.


    arxiv:0709.0941 Inauguracionnaya lekciya Ettore Maiorany po teoreticheskoi fizike (Ettore Majorana's Inaugural Lecture on Theoretical Physics (Naples, Italy; Jan.13, 1938))
    Authors: Bruno Preziosi, Erasmo Recami
    Comments: bilingual submission of 34 pages: (i) article in English (16 pages), and (ii) article in Italian (18 pages). Edited, "finished" versions of these papers appeared as: Journal-ref: chapter 11 in "Ettore Majorana - Scientific Papers", ed. by G.F.Bassani and SIF (S.I.F. and Springer; Bologna and Berlin, 2006)

    Ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya rabote izvestnogo ital'yanskogo fizika i matematika Ettore Maiorany. V stat'e privodyatsya zametki, podgotovlennye im dlya lekcii v Neapole.


    Vypusk 166. 14-24 avgusta 2007

    arxiv:0708.2947 Registraciya vysokoenergichnyh gamma-luchei ot zimnih grozovyh oblakov (Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter thunderclouds)
    Authors: H. Tsuchiya et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

    6 yanvarya etogo goda po vremya sil'noi grozy vblizi Yaponii bylo zaregistrirovano vspyshechnoe gamma-izluchenie. Signal dlilsya 40 sekund. Spektr tyanulsya do 10 MeV. Avtory pishut, chto eto pervoe pryamoe ukazanie na to, chto elektrony mogut uskoryat'sya pri grozah do energii vyshe 10 MeV do grozovogo razryada. Gamma-izluchenie takih energii ot groz videli i ran'she. Klyuchevoi moment, chto vsplesk voznik do razryada (sm. risunok).


    Sravnite dve verhnie kartinki, na kotoryh pokazan schet gamma-kvantov, s chetvertoi, na kotoroi pokazano pole. Vidno, chto vsplesk proizoshel do razryada. Razryad proizoshel posle opticheskoi vspyshki (pervyi pik na risunke (c)).

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    katalog arxiv:0708.3092 Obzor galakticheskoi ploskosti v observatorii Molonglo (MGPS-2): katalog kompaktnyh istochnikov (The Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS-2): Compact Source Catalogue)
    Authors: T. Murphy et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 9 figures, to be published in MNRAS

    Predstavleny dannye vtoroi epohi obzora galakticheskoi ploskosti, provodimogo na chastote 843 MGc v observatorii Molonglo. Pokryta oblast' neba s galakticheskoi shirotoi do 10 gradusov, i dolgotoi ot 245 do 365 gradusov. V dannoi stat'e opisany rezul'taty, poluchennye po kompaktnym istochnikam. Voshlo 48 850 ob'ektov.


    arxiv:0708.2837 Fizika informacii (The Physics of Information)
    Authors: F. Alexander Bais, J. Doyne Farmer
    Comments: The paper has 64 pages and 9 figures. It is a contribution to "The handbook on the philosophy of information", edited by J. van Benthem and P. Adriaans, to be published by Elsevier

    Za strannovatym nazvaniem kroetsya dostupnoe vvedenie v te razdely statfiziki, kotorye tak ili inache imeyut otnoshenie k ponyatiyu "informaciya".


    arxiv:0708.2855 Nauchnaya (i chelovecheskaya) individual'nost' Ettore Maiorany (Ettore Majorana's Scientific (and Human) Personality)
    Authors: Erasmo Recami
    Comments: (i) English version: Article of 12 pages [appeared, in similar forms, in Proc.Sc.-Internat.Conf.Majorana's Legacy and Phys.of XXI Century (Sissa;Trieste,2006), and in EJTP 3(10) (2006) 1-10]. (ii) Italian version: Article of 21 pages [appeared, in similar form, in the journ. Ital.assoc.phys.teachers (AIF), La Fisica nella Scuola 39 (2006),issue no.1]

    Nebol'shoi ocherk, posvyashennyi kul'tovoi dlya ital'yanskoi fiziki figure - Ettore Maiorane.

    Predstavleny angliiskii i ital'yanskii varianty stat'i.

    Vypusk 165. 01-13 avgusta 2007

    arxiv:0708.0001 Effekty gravitacii Cherna-Simonsa na tela, vrashayushiesya vokrug Zemli (The effects of Chern-Simons gravity on bodies orbiting the Earth)
    Authors: Tristan L. Smith et al.
    Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRD

    Rassmotreny effekty, svyazannye s poyavleniem dopolnitel'nyh chlenov v uravneniyah OTO. Konkretno, rassmotrena t.n. gravitaciya Cherna-Simonsa. Takie modifikacii voznikayut v teorii strun.

    Rezul'taty raschetov sravnivayutsya s dannymi po povedeniyu sputnikov, chto pozvolyaet dat' ogranicheniya na parametry teorii.


    arxiv:0705.3636 Kosmologicheskie i astrofizicheskie ogranicheniya na fiziku nechastic (Constraining Unparticle Physics with Cosmology and Astrophysics)
    Authors: Hooman Davoudiasl
    Comments: 4 pages

    V astrofizicheskuyu chast' Arhiva otzerkalili maiskuyu stat'yu, posvyashennuyu lyubopytnoi teme. Rech' idet ob interesnoi koncepcii "nechastic". V dannoi zhe stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kakie ogranicheniya na etu model' mogut dat' astrofizicheskie dannye, i chto tut mozhno voobshe ozhidat'.


    arxiv:0708.0120 Izuchenie indeksa Hirsha dlya 26 nevydayushihsya fizikov (A case study of the Hirsch index for 26 non-prominent physicists)
    Authors: Michael Schreiber
    Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Annalen der Physik (Ann. Phys.)

    Avtor rassmatrivaet indeks Hirsha dlya 26 bakinskih komissarov fizikov, ne otnosyashihsya k kogorte superizvestnyh i vydayushihsya specialistov. Do etogo, v osnovnom, analiz provodilsya na osnove dannyh ob ochen' izvestnyh uchenyh (eto ponyatno, t.k. v etom sluchae vsemi zavedomo budet prinyat v kachestve "granichnogo usloviya" ih bol'shoi vklad, kotoromu dolzhen sootvetstvovat' bol'shoi indeks). Na moi vzglyad, dostatochno interesno dlya teh, kto voobshe interesuetsya voprosami ispol'zovaniya formal'nyh kriteriev dlya ocenki truda uchenyh.


    arxiv:0708.0427 Vremennye cikly v indiiskoi kosmologii (Time Cycles in Indian Cosmology)
    Authors: R. H. Narayan
    Comments: 8 pages

    Daetsya obzor razlichnyh vremennyh ciklov, rassmatrivavshihsya v drevnei indiiskoi astronomii.


    arxiv:0708.0646 Obladaet li indeks Hirsha predskazatel'noi siloi? (Does the h-index have predictive power?)
    Authors: J. E. Hirsch
    Comments: 6 pages

    Rassmatrivaetsya predskazatel'naya sila indeksa Hirsha. Pokazano, chto indeks lineino rastet, v to vremya kak drugie indikatory imeyut bolee hitrye zavisimosti. Pravda, illyustracii provedeny na edinichnyh i, vozmozhno, pekulyarnyh primerah. Posmotrim, navernyaka kto-to budet povtoryat' eto na bol'shih i raznoobraznyh vyborkah.


    arxiv:0708.0929 Otnositel'nost' bez slez (Relativity without tears)
    Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
    Comments: 52 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX

    Ya ne raz obrashal vnimanie chitatelei Obzorov na metodicheskie raboty Zuraba Silagadze. Mne kazhetsya, chto chasto emu udaetsya ponyatno napisat' o slodnyh veshah. V dannom sluchae ya ne mogu sudit', naskol'ko tam vse verno. No dumayu, chto s dostovernost'yu tam vse v poryadke.


    Vypusk 164. 20-31 iyulya 2007

    arxiv:0707.3203 Geoneitrino i nedra Zemli (Geo-neutrinos and Earth's interior)
    Authors: Gianni Fiorentini, Marcello Lissia, Fabio Mantovani
    Comments: 56 pages in RMP ReVTeX format, 36 figures, submitted to Physics Reports.

    Bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi geoneitrino i issledovaniyam zemnyh nedr s ih pomosh'yu.

    Geoneitrino obrazuyutsya v rezul'tate raspada radioaktivnyh elementov (napomnyu, chto dlya "tomografii" Zemli v principe mozhno ispol'zovat' i solnechnye neitrino, takzhe, neitrino ot uskoritelei mogut davat' v tom chisle i geofizicheskuyu informaciyu). Raspadayutsya uran, torii, kalii. Informaciya okazyvaetsya unikal'noi, t.k. voobshe kanalov polucheniya dannyh ob ochen' glubokih nedrah nemnogo.

    Obzor soderzhit mnogo interesnyh dannyh po stroeniyu Zemli. Krome togo, rassmatrivayutsya interesnye proekty eksperimentov, vozmozhnye proryvy v nashem ponimanii stroeniya planety i mnogoe drugoe.


    arxiv:0707.3261 Sootnosheniya v nauchnoi sisteme: vliyanie parametrov citirovaniya v zavisimosti ot oblasti issledovaniya na ocenku vklada nauchnyh grupp (Scaling rules in the science system: influence of field-specific citation characteristics on the impact of research groups)
    Authors: Anthony F. J. van Raan
    Comments: 17 pages, 1 table, 11 figures

    Ocherednaya stat'ya po naukometrii.


    arxiv:0707.3568 Sostoyanie detektora ALICE (ALICE Detector Status and Commissioning)
    Authors: Hans-Ake Gustafsson
    Comments: 6 pages, Proceedings of HCP 2006

    Korotkii ponyatnyi obzor, posvyashennyi detektoru ALICE (A LArge Ion Collider Experiment) na LHC. Ozhidaetsya, chto k koncu goda sozdanie detektora budet zaversheno.


    arxiv:0707.4577 Vliyanie samocitirovaniya na Eggovskii indeks g (The influence of self-citation corrections on Egghe's g index)
    Authors: Michael Schreiber
    Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Scientometrics

    Posle znamenitoi stat'i Hirsha, v kotoroi byl vveden h-indeks, poyavilos' mnozhestvo popytok modificirovat' etot pokazatel' ili vvesti svoi. Napomnyu, chto h-indeks pokazyvaet chislo statei s citiruemost'yu bol'she h (t.e. indeks, ravnyi 12, pokazyvaet, chto u uchenogo est' 12 statei s citiruemost'yu vyshe 12). Indeks Hirsha ochevidno niveliruet nalichie u uchenogo neskol'kih supercitiruemyh statei (k primeru, esli vy napisali superrabotu s citiruemost'yu 10000, a potom delali srednie dobrotnye raboty, kazhdaya iz kotoryh poluchala citiruemost' 10, to do indeksa Hirsha 12 vy nikgoda ne doberetes', hotya za superrabotu vam mozhet uzhe nobelevku vruchili). Sobstvenno, indeks Hirsha dlya etogo i ne prednaznachen. On pokazyvaet produktivnost'. Mozhno ispol'zovat' ego vmeste s tradicionnym polnym citirovaniem, i togda vse budet neploho (vazhno tol'ko kak-to uchityvat' dinamiku nabora indeksov). Tem ne menee, Egg (Egghe) predlozhil svoi indeks - g - kotoryi pytaetsya odnim chislom opisat' i h-index, i vklad nebol'shogo chisla superstatei. Etot indeks pokazyvaet chislo statei, kotorye pozvolyayut nabrat' citiruemost' g2. Esli est' uchenyi, u kotorogo est' odna stat'ya s citiruemost'yu 10000, i 99 statei s nulevoi, ego indeks g budet raven 100, t.e. budet ochen' vysokim. Ego takzhe mozhno nabrat', naprimer, imeya 100 statei, kazhdaya iz kotoryh imeet citiruemost' 100. Esli raspredelenie statei po citiruemosti dostatochno gladkoe, to dva indeksa (h i g) budut dostatochno blizki drug k drugu (skazhem, po dannym NASA ADS u menya h=11, g=15 pri polnoi citiruemosti chut' za 300 i samoi citiruemoi rabote s rezul'tatom 32, vse eto s uchetom samocitiruemosti).

    V dannoi stat'e avtor rassmatrivaet, kak uchet samocitirovaniya vliyaet na indeks g. Vliyanie sil'nee, chem na hirshevskii indeks (eto yasno, t.k. v sluchae h-indeksa samocitirovanie vliyaet tol'ko vblizi kriticheskogo znacheniya, a dlya g-indeksa vliyanie vazhno "vsyu dorogu", t.k. indeks integral'nyi). Avtor polagaet, chto eto pokazyvaet preimushestvo g-indeksa. Eto tak, no tol'ko posle vychisheniya samocitirovaniya. Mne kazhetsya, chto verno i utverzhdenie o tom, chto nevychishennyi h-indeks luchshe nevychishennogo g-indeksa.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh sergepolar.

    Vypusk 163. 01-19 iyulya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0707.0921 Astrofizika v Yuzhnoi Afrike (Astrophysics in Southern Africa)
    Authors: Patricia A. Whitelock
    Comments: Paper given at the 2007 meeting of the National Society of Black Physicists; 10 pages, 2 photographs. To appear in American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings

    Napomnyu, chto v Yuzhnoi Afrike stoit 10 metrovyi teleskop (postroennyi po sheme Hobbi-Eberli), a takzhe tam mozhet byt' razmeshena SKA. V obzore opisyvaetsya vse , svyazannoe s etimi proektami, a takzhe koe-chto drugoe i nekotorye plany astronomicheskogo soobshestva etoi strany. Po-moemu, interesno.


    arxiv:0706.4400 Al'bert Einshtein - blagochestivyi ateist (Albert Einstein - a Pious Atheist)
    Authors: V. Djokovic, P. Grujic
    Comments: 21 pages

    V stat'e rassmotreny religioznye vzglyady Einshteina. Ne berus' sudit' o kachestve stat'i s tochki zreniya professional'nyh filosofov i psihologov, no mnogo interesnogo.


    arxiv:0707.0011 Vychislenie veroyatnosti obnaruzheniya radiosignalov ot vnezemnyh civilizacii (Calculating the probability of detecting radio signals from alien civilizations)
    Authors: Marko Horvat
    Comments: 10 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables International Journal of Astrobiology, 5, 143-149 (2006)

    "Tak oni ee i ne poimali".
    Ocherednaya popytka ocenit' veroyatnost' registracii signalov ot zelenyh chelovechkov. Poluchenie konkretnyh znachenii okruzheno takim kolichestvom "esli", chto, na moi vzglyad, vsyakii smysl ocenok teryaetsya.


    arxiv:0707.1167 Gollivudskie blokbastery: neogranichennoe udovol'stvie, no ogranichennaya nauchnaya dostovernost' (Hollywood Blockbusters: Unlimited Fun but Limited Science Literacy)
    Authors: C.J. Efthimiou, R.A. Llewellyn
    Comments: includes 28 pictures; invited article for the German journal Praxis der Naturwissensch Physik

    Dostatochno spornoe zanyatie: razbirat', chto ne tak s zakonami fiziki v tryukah v fil'mah. No est' ves'ma zanimatel'nye primery.


    arxiv:0707.1377 O potenciale bol'shih kol'cevyh lazerov (On the Potential of Large Ring Lasers)
    Authors: G. E. Stedman, R. B. Hurst, K. U. Schreiber
    Comments: 11 pages, accepted optics communications

    Krome vsem privychnyh lazerov est' eshe i t.n. kol'cevye. O nih mozhno pochitat' zdes' ili v Vikipedii (sm. takzhe stat'yu pro effekt San'yaka). Avtory obsuzhdayut vozmozhnye primeneniya etih ustroistv dlya registracii geofizicheskih signalov i dazhe gravitacionnyh voln!


    Vypusk 162. 20-30 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.3720 Kak my mozhem predotvratit' opasnye izmeneniya klimata? (How Can We Avert Dangerous Climate Change?)
    Authors: J. Hansen
    Comments: 18 pages, 7 figures; revised and expanded from written testimony presented to the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, U.S. House of Representatives, 26 April 2007

    Doklad, prochitannyi v Palate predstavitelei, na temu snizheniya soderzhaniya SO2 v atmosfere i predotvrasheniya izmenenii, svyazannyh s global'nym potepleniem.


    Vypusk 161. 09-19 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.1988 Lekcii po astronomii, astrofizike i kosmologii (Lectures on Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology)
    Authors: Luis A. Anchordoqui
    Comments: 40 pages

    Detal'no ne vchityvalsya, no, pohozhe, avtor vylozhil vpolne horoshii konspekt kursa po astronomii. Mnogo poleznyh formul vypisano. Mnogo krasivyh kartinok. V konce privodyatsya zadachi s resheniyami.


    Vypusk 160. 01-08 iyunya 2007

    arxiv:0706.0530 LISA: Mars i predely dlya zhizni (LISA: Mars and the limits of life)
    Authors: G. Galletta, et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures. Mem. SAIt, in press

    LISA - Laboratorio Italiano di Simulazione Ambiente (Ital'yanskaya laboratoriya dlya modelirovaniya okruzhayushei sredy, sm. opisanie proekta na ital'yanskom yazyke). Proekt realizovan v Padue. Eksperiment pozvolyaet modelirovat' usloviya ot normal'nyh dlya cheloveka do marsianskih. Imenno marsianskoi chasti proekta i posvyashena korotkaya zametka.

    Bylo provedeno neskol'ko "progonov", v kotoryh spory i bakterii podvergalis' "vnezemnym" mucheniyam v usloviyah, pohozhih na marsianskie. Cel'yu bylo proverit' vyzhivut ili net. Koe-kakie obrazcy vyzhivali.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0706.0008 Bol'cman i iskusstvo poleta (Boltzmann and the art of flying)
    Authors: Silvio R. Dahmen
    Comments: 15 pages, no figures

    Pochemu lyudi ne letayut kak pticy

    Posle nebol'shogo razbega avtor rasskazyvaet ob entuziazme Bol'cmana v oblasti vozduhoplavaniya. Opisyvayutsya lekcii Bol'cmana, posyashennye dannoi probleme, ego lichnye kontakty i, v chastnosti, perepiska s entuziastami poletov na apparatah tyazhelee vozduha.


    Vypusk 159. 22-31 maya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0705.3704 Izmeneniya fundamental'nyh konstant: teoriya i nablyudeniya (Variation of fundamental constants: theory and observations)
    Authors: V.V. Flambaum
    Comments: Update on variation of fundamental constants. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A and McKellar/Joshi Festschrift proceedings (World Scientific)

    Privedena svodka poslednih dannyh po verhnim predelam na variacii fundamental'nyh postoyannyh. Razumeetsya, v predelah pogreshnosti nablyudenii vse postoyanno.


    arxiv:0705.4065 Podgotovka zayavki dlya ESO (Preparing an ESO proposal)
    Authors: Pierre Kervella, Paulo J. V. Garcia
    Comments: 13 pages, to be published in the Proceedings of the 2006 Euro Summer School "Observation and Data Reduction with the VLTI", 4-16 June 2006, Goutelas (France)

    Ochen' poleznyi tekst. Uchit tomu, kak sostavlyat' zayavki na nablyudeniya, napravlyaemye v Evropeiskuyu Yuzhnuyu observatoriyu.


    Vypusk 158. 12-21 maya 2007

    obzor arxiv:0705.1730 Astrofizika v 2006 g. (Astrophysics in 2006)
    Authors: Virginia Trimble, Markus J. Aschwanden, Carl J. Hansen
    Comments: 244 pages, no figures

    Kak izvestno, kniga bez kartinok, ili hotya by bez razgovorov - kniga neinteresnaya. Kartinok net, zato razgovorov!!!! V obshem, vstrechaite! Ocherednoi ezhegodnyi obzor Virdzhinii Trimbl!

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    miniobzor arxiv:0705.2251 Haos i slozhnost' v astrofizike (Chaos and complexity in astrophysics)
    Authors: Oded Regev
    Comments: 2 pages,

    Sobstvenno, stat'yu chitatelyam pridetsya skachivat' s saita avtora.


    arxiv:0705.1951 Brounovskoe dvizhenie: mnogoobraznoe i "volnistoe" (Brownian Motion, "Diverse and Undulating")
    Authors: Bertrand Duplantier
    Comments: 107 pages, 21 figures, expanded and updated version of the article originally published in Einstein, 1905-2005, Poincar\'e Seminar 2005 (Birkh\"auser Verlag, 2006). Journal-ref: Brownian Motion, "Diverse and Undulating'', in "Einstein, 1905-2005". Poincar\'e Seminar 2005, Th. Damour, O. Darrigol, B. Duplantier and V. Rivasseau, Editors, pp. 201-293 (Birkh\"auser Verlag, Basel, 2006)

    Ogromnaya stat'ya (kniga prakticheski), posvyashennaya brounovskomu dvizheniyu. Slovo "volnistoe" v zagolovke otrazhaet kolebaniya populyarnosti etogo fenomena. Posle desyatiletii otnositel'nogo zabveniya v nashi dni brounovskie chasticy "snova v boyu".


    obzor arxiv:0705.2222 Petlevaya kvantovaya gravitaciya: chetyre nedavnih dostizheniya i dyuzhina chasto zadavaemyh voprosov (Loop Quantum Gravity: Four Recent Advances and a Dozen Frequently Asked Questions)
    Authors: Abhay Ashtekar
    Comments: 21 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the 11th Marcel Grossmann Conference

    Otlichnyi obzor po teme. Napisano vpolne dostupno. Ne to chtoby sovsem bez slozhnyh formul, no prakticheski bez nih.


    arxiv:0705.2426 Sceplenie vihrevyh reshetok vo vrashayushemsya dvuhkomponentnom Boze-Einshteinovskom kondensate (Vortex Lattice Locking in Rotating Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates)
    Authors: Ryan Barnett, Gil Refael, Mason A. Porter, Hans Peter Buchler
    Comments: 5 pages

    Rassmotrena interesnaya situaciya, kogda sosushestvuyut dva kondensata s raznymi massami chastic (naprimer, raznye atomy). Obrazuyutsya dve sistemy vihrei. Eti dve reshetki "sceplyayutsya" - vihri obrazuyut pary. V itoge voznikaet interesnaya situaciya, kogda kondensaty vrashayutsya s raznoi chastotoi (pri ravnoi plotnosti vihrei, chto obespechivaetsya scepleniem, i raznyh massah, my imeem razlichnye chastoty). Dlya menya eto bylo novym fokusom sverhtekuchih zhidkostei.


    arxiv:0705.2525 O fizicheskom znachenii effekta Unru (On the physical meaning of the Unruh effect)
    Authors: Emil T.Akhmedov, Douglas Singleton
    Comments: 7 pages

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto detektory, dvigayushiesya v techenie konechnogo vremeni s postoyayannym uskoreniem, budut "videt'" izluchenie Unru. Dlya sluchaya dvizheniya po okruzhnosti, po mneniyu avtorov, izluchenie Unru sovpadaet s izvestnym (i eksperimental'no proverennym) effektom Sokolova-Ternova.


    Vypusk 157. 01-11 maya 2007

    arxiv:0705.0142 Skromnoe predlozhenie astronomicheskomu soobshestvu (A Modest Proposal for the Astronomical Community)
    Authors: Krzysztof Zbigniew Stanek
    Comments: 7 pages

    Zabavnoe predlozhenie. Avtor predlagaet sozdat' arhiv otvergnutyh zayavok na nablyudeniya. Ideya otchasti sostoit v tom, chtoby kazhdyi mog skazat': "Nu ved' ya zhe predlagal!" Krome togo, mozhno budet, navernoe, cherpat' idei iz takogo arhiva.

    Avtor, v kachestve pervogo vznosa, opisyvaet svoyu zayavku, podannuyu na KTH, i otvergnutuyu. Ya by, pravda, postesnyalsya nazyvat' svoyu zayavku "velikolopnoi" publichno :)


    arxiv:0705.0872 Relyativistskii tennis s fotonami (Relativistic Tennis with Photons: Demonstration of Frequency Upshifting by a Relativistic Flying Mirror through Two Colliding Laser Pulses)
    Authors: M. Kando et al.
    Comments: 17 pages, 5 figures

    Po-moemu, ves'ma interesnaya rabota. Ideya sostoit vot v chem (sm. shemu ustanovki na ris. 1). Prohozhdenie moshnogo lazernogo puchka (driver laser) cherez sverhzvukovuyu struyu geliya sozdaet specificheskoe raspredelenie elektronnoi plotnosti: obrazuyutsya parabolicheskie poverhnosti (sm. ris. 2). Eti poverhnosti dvizhutsya s okolosvetovoi skorost'yu. Vstrechnyi (v dannoi sheme ugol raven 45 gradusam) lazernyi puchok vzaimodeistvuet s etimi "zerkalami". Avtory sravnivayut process so stolknoveniem tennisnogo myacha s raketkoi, dvizhusheisya s relyativistskoi skorost'yu (otsyuda i nazvanie stat'i). Proishodit izmenenie chastoty vtorogo lazernogo puchka (source laser) i szhatie impul'sa.

    Avtory polagayut, chto razvitie ih metoda pozvolit dostigat' Shvingerovskih polei, "rvushih vakuum".


    Shema ustanovki.


    Pokazany "zerkala". Cvet otrazhaet plotnost' elektronov posle prohozhdeniya pervogo lazernogo puchka (driver laser). Imenno eti "zerkala" i budut vzaimodeistvovat' so vtorym puchkom (source laser).

    V proekte prinimali uchastie i rossiiskie uchenye.


    arxiv:0705.1363 Mnenie Fermi ob identichnosti chastic (Enrico Fermi's view of identical particles)
    Authors: Edoardo Milotti
    Comments: 9 pages

    Kak izvestno, ital'yancy prosto bogotvoryat Fermi. Poetomu v Arhive regulyarno poyavlyayutsya raboty istoricheskogo haraktera, osnovannye na kakoi-nibud' maloizvestnoi lekcii etogo velikogo fizika. V dannom sluchae Edoardo Milotti privodit perevod nebol'shoi zametki Fermi, opublikovannoi v 1934 godu, i osnovannoi na lekcii 1933 goda.

    Lekciya posvyashena poslednim, na tot moment, sobytiyam v izuchenii mikromira (tol'ko chto byli otkryty neitron i pozitron). Osoboe mesto zanimaet vopros ob identichnosti elementarnyh chastic. Na moi vzglyad, identichnost' chastic - edva li ne samyi udivitel'nyi fenomen v prirode (v nezhivoi prirode, vozmozhno, samyi udivitel'nyi). Ves'ma interesno posmotret', kak na zare nauki ob elementarnyh chasticah formirovalas' standartnaya, na segodnyashnii den', kartina. Bol'shim dostoinstvom tut yavlyaetsya yasnost' izlozheniya, svoistvennaya Fermi.


    Vypusk 156. 24-30 aprelya 2007

    arxiv:0704.3966 Dik Dalitc: primery ego vklada v fiziku elementarnyh chastic (Dick Dalitz: Examples of His Contributions to Particle Physics)
    Authors: Gary R. Goldstein
    Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures, for Proceedings ISSP Erice 2006

    Eto biograficheskaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya izvestnomu fiziku-teoretiku Richardu Dalitcu (inogda pishut Dalic). Dalitc rodilsya i vyros v Avstralii, a svoyu nauchnuyu rabotu nachal v Kembridzhe v seredine 20 veka.

    Naibolee izvestna ego "diagramma Dalitca" (Dalitz plot). Eta diagramma? vvedennaya Dalitcem pri rassmotrenii raspadov K-mezonov, kraine udobna dlya issledovaniya troinyh raspadov chastic.

    Vypusk 155. 13-23 aprelya 2007

    arxiv:0704.1912 Kostnyi rak u dinozavrov (Bone Cancer in Dinosaurs)
    Authors: L.C. Natarajan, A.L. Melott, B.M. Rothschild, L.D. Martin (
    Comments: 4 pages

    Koroten'kaya zametka, posvyashennaya issledovaniyam chastoty zabolevaniya odnim iz vidov raka u dinozavrov. Motivaciya prosta. Esli dinozavry vymerli iz-za zhestkogo izlucheniya (razrushenie ozonovogo sloya, blizkaya vspyshka sverhnovoi ili gamma-vsplesk i tp.), to chastota zabolevaniya rakom dolzhna byt' vyshe. Tak vot, ona ne vyshe. Razumeetsya, eto ne kakoi-to superokonchatel'nyi vyvod. Tem ne menee, metod kraine interesen.

    Koe-chto interesnoe mozhno pocherpnut' na etoi stranice v Kanzasskom universitete.


    Vypusk 154. 01-12 aprelya 2007

    esse arxiv:0704.1132 Bylo li u vremeni nachalo? Budet li u vremeni konec? (Did time begin? Will time end?)
    Authors: Paul H. Frampton
    Comments: 63 pages latex

    Srazu skazhu, Pol Frempton - dostatochno izvestnyi i kompetentnyi uchenyi. Poetomu dannoe esse (po suti, predstavlyaemyi tekst yavlyaetsya nebol'shoi nauchno-populyarnoi knigoi) vpolne zasluzhivaet prochteniya. Avtor zadaetsya "vechnym" voprosom o prirode vremeni.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0704.0058 Razumnaya zhizn' i kosmologiya (Intelligent Life in Cosmology)
    Authors: Frank J. Tipler
    Comments: 10 pages

    Avtor razvivaet i argumentiruet svoyu tochku zreniya, kotoraya svoditsya k tomu, chto:
    a) razumnaya zhizn' neobhodimo yavlyaetsya redkim fenomenom,
    b) razumnaya zhizn' yavlyaetsya neobhodimym fenomenom i dolzhna sushestvovat' "do konca vremen".


    arxiv:0704.0889 Bibliometricheskie statisticheskie svoistva 100 krupneishih evropeiskih universitetov (Bibliometric statistical properties of the 100 largest European universities: prevalent scaling rules in the science system)
    Authors: Anthony F. J. van Raan
    Comments: 26 pages, 33 figures, 3 tables. submitted to the Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology

    Interesnoe issledovanie. Rassmotreno 100 krupneishih (v terminah chisla publikacii) universitetov Evropy. Sushestvenno, chto pod "evropeiskimi universitetami" imeyutsya vvidu universitety zapadnoi Evropy i Izrailya. MGU vy tam ne naidete. Lidiruyut, kak i sledovalo ozhidat' britanskie (vprochem, mozhno skazat' "angliiskie", ibo vse oni nahodyatsya v etoi chasti Soedinennogo Korolevstva, dva universiteta Shotlandii voshli v top-30, no sil'no ustupaya angliiskim zavedeniyam).

    Zhelayushim s'ekonomit' vremya sovetuyu srazu chitat' stranicu 25, gde perechisleny osnovnye rezul'taty (sdelano eto bolee podrobno, chem v abstrakte). V stat'e delaetsya neskol'ko interesnyh vyvodov. V chastnosti, otnositel'noe chislo necitiruemyh statei snizhaetsya s rostom obshego kolichestva publikacii. Voobshe, v srednem, krupnye (povtoryus', v etrminah chisla publikacii) universitety, imeyut bolee vysokie pokazateli.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    arxiv:0704.1319 Ispol'zovanie metafor i grammatiki dlya issledovaniya vliyaniya yazyka na izuchenie fiziki studentami (Using conceptual metaphor and functional grammar to explore how language used in physics affects student learning)
    Authors: David T. Brookes, Eugenia Etkina
    Comments: 18 pages, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. ST:PER

    Avtory pytayutsya ponyat' naskol'ko yazyk (metafory i tp.) meshaet ili pomogaet studentam v izuchenii fiziki. V chastnosti, nekotorye trudnosti v izuchenii kvantovoi mehaniki avtory svyazyvayut s yazykovymi trudnostyami.



    Vypusk 153. 20-31 marta 2007

    hep-th/0703156 Relyativistskaya modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya dinamika iz teorii strun? (Relativistic Modified Newtonian Dynamics from String Theory?)
    Authors: Nick Mavromatos, Mairi Sakellariadou
    Comments: 5 pages

    S odnoi storony, nablyudeniya stalkivayushihsya skoplenii galaktik dali stol' sil'nye argumenty v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii, chto sporit' s etim vse slozhnee i slozhnee. S drugoi storony, "za borodu" chasticy temnoi materii ne poimany, znachit, po merkam teorii elementarnyh chastic i analogichnyh ei, kotorye privykli bazirovat'sya na dannyh laboratornyh (uskoritel'nyh i tp.) eksperimentov, eshe nichego okonchatel'no ne dokazano. Pri etom, blagodarya rabote Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya (MOND) perezhila vtoroe rozhdenie posle poyavleniya teorii TeVeS. Teoreticheskaya privlekatel'nost' poslednei ochen' velika, nesmotrya na to, chto, vo-pervyh, est' dannye nablyudenii, kotorye MOND bez uhishrenii opisat' ne mozhet, a vo-vtoryh, dlya TeVeS net, kak govoryat, mikrofizicheskoi motivacii. Vot razresheniyu poslednei problemy i posvyashena stat'ya.

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto teorii tipa TeVeS mogut voznikat' v nekotoryh variantah teorii strun. Takzhe avtory obsuzhdayut, kak neitrino mogut igrat' rol' v poyavlenii temnoi energii.

    Takzhe otmechu, chto na pervoi stranicy privedeno ochen' udachnoe, kak mne pokazalos', opisanie TeVeS.


    pervoe aprelya astro-ph/0703774 Stryngbotichnaya model' vselennoi: reshenie problemy kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (The Stryngbohtyk Model of the Universe: a Solution to the Problem of the Cosmological Constant)
    Authors: Jordi Miralda-Escude
    Comments: 11 pages

    Kak uzhe ne raz byvalo, pod svetlyi prazdnik pervogo aprelya v Arhiv vykladyvayutsya zamechatel'nye feikovye stat'i.

    Miral'da-Eskude parodiruet kosmologicheskie stat'i i predstavlyaet svoyu stryngbotichnuyu (Stryngbohtyk) model'. Etimologiya slova vozvoditsya k katalonskomu estambotic, chto oznachaet "ekstravagantnoe i smeshnoe".

    Sredi drugih statei stoit otmetit' astro-ph/0703783, gde avtory predlagayut dopolnitel'nye "temnye" komponenty, a takzhe astro-ph/0703806, posvyashennuyu "analizu" anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.

    Vypusk 152. 10-19 marta 2007

    physics/0703124 Passivnoe obluchenie sotovymi telefonami: uvelichenie intensivnosti za schet otrazhenii (Passive Exposure to Mobile Phones: Enhancement of Intensity by Reflection)
    Authors: Tsuyoshi Hondou et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 75 No. 8, August, 2006, 084801

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto v mestah massovogo skopleniya lyudei v tom sluchae, esli mikrovolny mogut ispytyvat' otrazheniya (naprimer, v liftah ili poezdah), obluchenie za schet sotovyh telefonov mozhet byt' sushestvenno uvelicheno do znachenii, kotorye uzhe mozhno schitat' riskovannymi.

    Konechno, kak i vo vsyakom sluchae, svyazannom s "goryachei" tematikoi i nizkimi dozami, nuzhny ochen' detal'nye issledovaniya dlya nezavisimogo podtverzhdeniya (ili oproverzheniya) etogo vyvoda.


    Vypusk 151. 01-09 marta 2007

    obzor gr-qc/0703035 3+1 formalizm i osnovy chislennogo modelirovaniya v OTO (3+1 Formalism and Bases of Numerical Relativity)
    Authors: Eric Gourgoulhon
    Comments: Lectures given at the General Relativity Trimester held in the Institut Henri Poincare (Paris, Sept.-Dec. 2006) and at the VII Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics (Playa del Carmen, Mexico, 26. Nov. - 2 Dec. 2006), 220 pages, 25 figures.

    Fakticheski, eto kniga, posvyashennaya ochen' populyarnoi seichas tematike - chislennomu modelirovaniyu effektov OTO. Nikakogo "obshego" interesa rabota ne predstavlyaet, no, po vsei vidimosti, yavlyaetsya polezneishim rukovodstvom dlya teh, kto v samom dele etim zanimaetsya.


    physics/0703021 Rol' nesgibaemogo men'shinstva v perelome v dinamike demokraticheskogo golosovaniya (The role of inflexible minorities in the breaking of democratic opinion dynamics)
    Authors: Serge Galam, Frans Jacobs
    Comments: 18 pages, 12 figures

    Avtory modeliruyut process demokraticheskogo prinyatiya resheniya pri nalichii "nesgibaemyh", t.e. uchastnikov processa, neizmenyayushih svoego mneniya. Konechno, model' ochen' uproshennaya. Zhizn' gorazdo slozhnee. Tem ne menee. Interesno, chto v ramkah rassmotrennoi modeli 17 procentov "nesgibaemyh" garantiruyut pobedu svoei tochke zreniya (konechno, pri otsutstvii takih zhe upertyh konkurentov).


    physics/0703062 Kak sozdat' chernuyu dyru na Zemle? (How to Create Black Holes on Earth?)
    Authors: Marcus Bleicher
    Comments: 10 pages, Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics

    Obsuzhdayutsya vozmozhnosti sozdaniya chernyh dyr v laboratornyh eksperimentah. Razumeetsya, v pervuyu ochered' rech' idet ob opytah na uskoritelyah. Stat'ya, na moi vzglyad, napisana na raznyh urovnyah slozhnosti. T.e., komu interesno - te mogut posmotret' i formuly, a komu net - te prosto ih propustyat, no vse ravno i im dostanetsya svoi kusochek informacii.


    physics/0703091 Nauchnyi opros po sovremennomu iskusstvu (Scientific inquiry in modern art)
    Authors: M.V. Simkin
    Comments: 4 pages

    Kak izvestno, kakoe-to sobytie v zhizni privodit k tomu, chto vnimanie prityagivaetsya ko vsemu, chto s etim svyazano. Naprimer, vy nachinaete oformlyat' vizu, i tut zhe zamechaete, chto v spame mnogo soobshenii tipa "shengenskie vizy srochno". Ili, u vas slomalsya noutbuk, i tut zhe vy obrashaete vnimanie na spamovye soobshenie po etoi teme. Konechno, soobshenii ne stalo bol'she, prosto vy stali obrashat' na nih vnimanie. Tak vot, vchera my kupili dva polovichka, risunok kotoryh osnovan na kartinah Kandinskogo ....

    V stat'e avtor opisyvaet rezul'taty dostatochno rasprostranennogo oprosa. Ideya ego prosta. Vy demonstriruete desyatok kartin, iz kotoryh polovina yavlyaetsya rabotami izvestnyh hudozhnikov (vazhno, konechno, chtoby kartiny ne byli superizvestnymi), a vtoraya polovina - eto nechto sovershenno ne schitayusheesya "vysokim iskusstvom", no vyglyadyashee pohozhe. Zadacha - skazat' kakie kartiny prinadlezhat Velikim, a kakie - tem, kto sovsem ne doberman. Osobenno prosto eto prodelyvat' s abstraktnym iskusstvom, chto i delaet avtor.

    Rezul'taty dovol'no predskazuemy (ya kak-to i sam uchastvoval v takom oprose s ves'ma srednim rezul'tatom). Okolo treti otvechayushih ne mozhet otlichit' shedevr abstraktnogo iskusstva ot podelki. Osobenno interesno, chto avtor vydelil otvety, dannye s saitov izvestnyh hudozhestvennyh shkol. Rezul'tat tam ne sil'no vyshe srednego, vsego lish' procentov na 10 luchshe. Individual'nye oprosy lyudei, "blizkih k iskusstvu", tak zhe ne priveli k horoshim rezul'tatam.

    Interesno, chto mnogie iz teh, kto dali 100-procentnyi otvet, poyasnili avtoru oprosa, chto pomoglo im to, chto oni mogut legko otlichat' fail, osnovannyi na reprodukcii real'noi kartiny, ot faila, iznachal'no sozdannogo v komp'yutere (ne znayu, v kakoi programme avtor sozdaval feikovye kartiny, nazovem ee "oboshennym fotoshopom"). Tak chto, esli vy avtor ne polenilsya poskanirovat' reprodukcii samodeyatel'nyh abstrakcionistov, vmesto sozdaniya fotozhab, to stoprocentnyh rezul'tatov bylo by eshe men'she.

    Odnako, vse-taki tvoreniya masterov ugadyvayutsya chashe. T.e., v srednem "shedevrami" chashe nazyvayut v samom dele shedevry, a ne poddelki.

    Na moi vzglyad, takie oprosy ne osobenno informativny. Abstrakcionizm tut ni pri chem, ravno kak i zhivopis'. Eto mozhno povtoryat' ne tol'ko s zhivopisnym materialom, i ne tol'ko s trudnym dlya vospriyatiya (prosto tut eto proshe i krasochnee). Hotya, vozmozhno ya oshibayus', i kto -to naidet tut racional'noe zerno.


    physics/0703095 Ot protivostoyaniya Bush-Gor v 2000 g. k ital'yanskim vyboram 2006 goda: golosovanie 50 na 50 i effekt "neformalov" (From 2000 Bush-Gore to 2006 Italian elections: Voting at fifty-fifty and the Contrarian Effect)
    Authors: Serge Galam
    Comments: 17 pages, 8 figures

    V razdele physics regulyarno poyavlyayutsya stat'i, posvyashennye statisticheskomu analizu rezul'tatov vyborov, a takzhe razlichnym modelyam formirovaniya obshestvennogo mneniya. Vot ocherednaya.

    Avtor analiziruet situacii, neodnokratno voznikavshie v poslednee vremya v razvityh stranah (nam by ih problemy!), kogda soperniki na vyborah, predlagayu sushestvenno raznye programmy, prihodili k finishu "nozdrya v nozdryu". V stat'e predlagaetsya model', opisyvayushee formirovanie takih situacii.


    Vypusk 150. 15-28 fevralya 2007

    physics/0702221 Tri stat'i Nordstrema
    Authors: Gunnar Nordstroem
    Comments: tri stat'i 1914-15 gg.

    Vylozhen perevod na angliiskii treh statei Nordstrema. Eto raboty "On the possibility of unifying the electromagnetic and the gravitational fields", "On a theory of electricity and gravitation", i "On a possible foundation of a theory of matter". Stat'i posvyasheny postroeniyu Nordstremom pyatimernoi teorii, prizvannoi ob'edinit' gravitacionnoe i elektromagnitnoe vzaimodeistviya (edakaya "teoriya vsego" obrazca 1915 goda).

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    cs.DL/0702140 Ocenka urovnya kooperacii v Vikipedii (Assessing the Value of Coooperation in Wikipedia)
    Authors: Dennis M. Wilkinson, Bernardo A. Huberman
    Comments: 14 pages

    Avtory obsuzhdayut nekotorye itogi, svyazannye s shestiletnei rabotoi Vikipedii. Provoditsya dovol'no interesnyi statisticheskii analiz.

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    Vypusk 149. 01-14 fevralya 2007

    populyarnyi obzor gr-qc/0702009 Pochemu my do sih por verim v zakon N'yutona? (Why do we Still Believe in Newton's Law ? Facts, Myths and Methods in Gravitational Physics)
    Authors: Alexander Unzicker
    Comments: 29 pages LaTeX, 2 figures

    Dan horoshii perechen' dannyh po proverke teorii gravitacii na raznyh masshtabah.

    Zamechu, chto po proverke zakonov tyagoteniya na malyh rasstoyaniyah nedavno byli polucheny novye rezul'taty (stat'ya s novymi rezul'tatami dostupna tut tut, takzhe sm. etot blog).

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    physics/0702069 Rodilsya by Bor, esli by Bom rodilsya ran'she Bora? (Would Bohr be born if Bohm were born before Born?)
    Authors: H. Nikolic
    Comments: 7 pages

    Dovol'no ostroumnaya stat'ya. Avtor rassmatrivaet "al'ternativnuyu istoriyu kvantovoi mehaniki". Tochnee, on zadaetsya voprosom, stala by kopengagenskaya interpretaciya dominiruyushei, esli by bomovskaya interpretaciya poyavilas' ran'she.


    cond-mat/0701242 Vvedenie v teoriyu stohasticheskih processov i voprosy brounovskogo dvizheniya (Introduction to the theory of stochastic processes and Brownian motion problems)
    Authors: J. L. Garcia-Palacios
    Comments: 104 pages, 15 figs. Undergraduate (2002) and graduate course notes (2005). Examples drawn from both translational and rotational Brownian motion

    Lekcionnyi kurs po statisticheskoi fizike. Nichego osobennogo, no komu-to mozhet prigodit'sya.


    Vypusk 148. 13-31 yanvarya 2007

    materialy konferencii astro-ph/0701577 1aya studencheskaya rabochaya vstrecha po astronomii i astrofizike (1st Workshop of Astronomy and Astrophysics for Students)
    Authors: N.R. Napolitano, M. Paolillo
    Comments: Conference proceedings of the "1st Workshop of Astronomy and Astrophysics for Students" held in Naples (ITALY) on April 19-20, 2006. Published by INFN-Naples, eds. N.R. Napolitano & M. Paolillo.

    Konechno, zagolovok nuzhdaetsya v ogovorkah, ibo studencheskih konferencii provodilos' i provoditsya ochen' mnogo. Itak, predstavleny materialy studencheskoi konferencii, proshedshei v aprele 2006 g. v Italii. Sami materialy udobnee skachat' otsyuda.


    obzor astro-ph/0701848 Modificirovannaya n'yutonovskaya dinamika - MOND- i ee primeneniya dlya novoi fiziki (The modified Newtonian dynamics-MOND-and its implications for new physics)
    Authors: Jacob D. Bekenstein
    Comments: Pedagogical introduction to MOND and review of modern developments. To appear shortly in Contemporary Physics; LaTeX with 6 figures, 15 pages

    Pozhalui, imenno blagodarya rabotam (i avtoritetu) Bekenshteina, modificirovannaya gravitaciya stala v poslednie gody ves'ma populyarnoi, tochnee rech' idet o podhode, predlozhennom samim Bekenshteinom i nazyvaemom TeVeS.

    V stat'e daetsya pdrobnyi i v meru dostupnyi obzor vo vsyu etu tematiku. Vsem interesuyushimsya nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya.

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    physics/0701231 Popravka k indeksu Hirsha za schet ucheta samocitirovaniya (Self-citation corrections for the Hirsch index)
    Authors: Michael Schreiber
    Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to EPL

    Obsuzhdaetsya, kak samocitirovanie vliyaet na indeks Hirsha. Na konkretnyh (no anonimnyh) primerah pokazano, chto vliyanie dostatochno veliko. Konechno, dlya uchenyh s bol'shim indeksom (t.e. kogda ssylok ochen' mnogo) vliyainie samocitirovaniya nahoditsya na urovne neskol'kih procentov, no pri malom indekse samocitirovanie mozhet byt' opredelyayushim. (Voobshe govorya, na moi vzglyad, ves' analiz citiruemosti, na kakom by parametre eto vse ni osnovyvalos', dolzhen provodit'sya s uchetom samocitiruemosti, t.e., poprostu govorya, samossylki nado vykidyvat'. Prichem imeyutsya vvidu ne tol'ko ssylki avtora na samogo sebya, no i ssylki soavtorov po dannoi stat'e na dannuyu zhe stat'yu.)

    Krome togo, v stat'e privoditsya dostatochno polnoe obsuzhdenie indeksa Hirsha, i daetsya horoshaya bibliografiya po rabotam, svyazannym s dannym pokazatelem aktivnosti uchenogo.


    Vypusk 147. 22 dekabrya 2006-12 yanvarya 2007

    physics/0612253 Gedel' i fizika (Goedel and Physics)
    Authors: John D. Barrow
    Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures. Paper delivered at 'Horizons of Truth', Kurt Goedel Centenary Meeting, Vienna, 27-29th April 2006

    Obsuzhdaetsya, kak gedelevskaya teorema o nepolnote mozhet byt' svyazana s fizicheskimi issledovaniyami.


    physics/0701012 Rascvet analiza citirovaniya (The Rise and Rise of Citation Analysis)
    Authors: L. I. Meho
    Comments: 15 pages, accepted for publication in Physics World (Janury 2007)

    Interesnaya stat'ya, dayushaya obzor osnovnyh podhodov k ocenke vklada uchenyh, osnovannoi na citirovanii.


    math.ST/0701086 Vvedenie v teoriyu citirovaniya (An introduction to the theory of citing)
    Authors: M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury
    Comments: 3 pages, Significance, vol 3, no 4, pp 179-181 (2006)

    Pomnitsya, v "Zveroboe" Fenimora Kupera, chitannom avtorom obzorov let edak 25 tomu nazad, odin iz personazhei, umiraya, govoril: "Snachala ubei, potom - skal'pirui". Avtory obsuzhdaemoi stat'i aktivno propagandiruyut eshe bolee ochevidnyi princip - "Snachala prochti - potom citirui!" Takoi podhod svyazan s tem, chto, kak pokazyvayut avtory, ochen' znachitel'naya dolya ssylok prosto kopiruetsya iz drugih statei, a sami zhe istochniki, na kotorye ukazyvayut ssylki, ne chitayutsya.


    Vypusk 146. 01-21 dekabrya 2006

    astro-ph/0612266 Paradoks bliznecov na svetovoi sfere (The twin paradox on the photon sphere)
    Authors: Marek A. Abramowicz, Stanislaw Bajtlik, Wlodek Kluzniak
    Comments: Two pages, submitted to Physical Review A

    V obychnom paradokse bliznecov, tochnee v ego ob'yasnenii, klyuchevuyu rol' igraet uskorenie (grubo govorya, molozhe tot, kotoryi ispytyval peregruzki). Avtory rassmatrivayut druguyu model', gde uskorenie bliznecov odinakovo, no skorosti, konechno, razlichny).

    Bliznecy dvigayutsya vokrug chernoi dyry na rasstoyanii 3/2 gravitacionnogo radiusa. Eto radius t.n. svetovoi sfery. Interesnaya osobennost' sostoit v tom, chto uskorenie v dannom sluchae ne zavisit ot skorosti dvizheniya po orbite. Razumeetsya, tot, kotoryi dvizhetsya bystree, budet molozhe. No vot kak pokazat', chto on dvizhetsya bystree, esli uskoreniya ravny? Zdes' pomogayut svoistva shvarcshil'dovskoi metriki, kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v zadache. Po suti, v takoi sisteme mozhno opredelit' absolyutnuyu skorost', chto i razreshaet paradoks.

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    obzor astro-ph/0612316 K voprosu o "Galakticheskoi zone obitaemosti" (On the "Galactic Habitable Zone")
    Authors: Nikos Prantzos
    Comments: 12 pages, 6 figures, Invited talk in "Strategies for Life Detection" (ISSI Bern, 24-28 April 2006), Eds, J. Bada et al., to appear in Space Science Reviews

    Kak yasno iz nazvaniya, obsuzhdaetsya vopros o tom, gde v Galaktike usloviya dlya poyavleniya i razvitiya zhizni naibolee blagopriyatny. Razumeetsya, stat'ya soderzhit mnogo poleznyh dannyh o strukture i evolyucii nashego "zvezdnogo ostrova". Sam vopros o zone obitaemosti ostaetsya otkrytym, slishkom mnogo eshe neponyatno, no stat'ya interesnaya!


    astro-ph/0612599 Modelirovanie anomalii Pionerov kak izmeneniya inercii (Modelling the Pioneer anomaly as modified inertia)
    Authors: M.E. McCulloch
    Comments: 15 pages, 2 bw figures, accepted by MNRAS 19th December 2006

    Avtor predlagaet svoyu model', ob'yasnyayushuyu anomal'noe uskorenie Pionerov. Model' svyazana s izlucheniem Unru, i trebuet nekotoryh dostatochno ekzoticheskih predpolozhenii, no, tem ne menee, na dannyi moment nichemu ne protivorechit. Sut' sostoit v tom, chto u uskorenno dvizhushegosya tela nemnogo menyaetsya massa (ta, chto svyazana s inerciei). Naprimer, u tela massoi 1 kg, padayushego na Zemle (uskorenie 9.8 metrov v sekundu za sekundu), massa umen'shitsya na 7 10-11 kg.


    physics/0612117 Kto potrebitel' v vysshem obrazovanii? (Who is the customer in higher education?)
    Authors: Michael Courtney, Amy Courtney
    Comments: 4 pages

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto kommercializaciya vysshego obrazovaniya, osnovannaya na podhode, v osnovanii kotorogo lezhit utverzhdenie o tom, chto potrebitelem vystupayut studenty, oshibochna, poskol'ko oshibochno bazovoe utverzhdenie. Potrebitelem, na ih vzglyad, vystupayut budushie rabotodateli, a takzhe nalogoplatel'shiki.


    physics/0612122 Ranzhirovanie nauchnyh publikacii s ispol'zovaniem prostoi modeli setevogo traffika (Ranking Scientific Publications Using a Simple Model of Network Traffic)
    Authors: Dylan Walker, Huafeng Xie, Koon-Kiu Yan, Sergei Maslov
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

    Modifikaciya guglevskogo algoritma ispol'zuetsya dlya ranzhirovaniya nauchnyh publikacii. Rezul'taty takogo podhoda sravnivayutsya s drugimi sistemami.


    physics/0612159 Einshtein i rannyaya teoriya sverhprovodimosti. 1919-1922 (Einstein and the Early Theory of Superconductivity, 1919-1922)
    Authors: Tilman Sauer
    Comments: 71 pp., 10 figs

    Obshirnyi material, v kotorom provedeno istoricheskoe issledovanie rabot Einshteina po sverhprovodimosti.


    Vypusk 145. 11-30 noyabrya 2006

    katalog astro-ph/0611840 Mnogocvetnyi katalog tochechnyh istochnikov Chandra (Chandra Multiwavelength Project X-ray Point Source Catalog)
    Authors: Minsun Kim et al.
    Comments: 60 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS,

    Avtory predstavlyayut mnogocvetnyi katalog tochechnyh istochnikov po dannym nablyudenii na Chandre. Mnogocvetnost' oznachaet, chto privodyatsya dannye po potokam i ih otnosheniyu dlya neskol'kih (v dannom sluchae vos'mi) intervalov energii v rentgenovskom diapazone.

    Katalog sostavlen na osnove nablyudenii 149 ploshadok. Oni pokryvayut na nebe pochti 10 kvadratnyh gradusov. Ekspozicii v raznyh sluchayah raznye: ot dovol'no skromnyh 900 sekund do 124 000 sekund. Vsego v katalog vklyucheno bolee 6000 istochnikov.

    Sm. takzhe soputstvuyushuyu stat'yu astro-ph/0611841.


    miniobzor nucl-ex/0611040 Nedavnie rezul'taty s RHIC i nekotorye uroki dlya fizikov-kosmikov (Recent Results from RHIC & Some Lessons for Cosmic-Ray Physicists)
    Authors: Spencer R. Klein
    Comments: 8 pgs; invited talk presented at the XIVth International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2006)

    RHIC - Relyativistskii kollaider tyazhelyh ionov. Na nem stalkivayut, naprimer, yadra zolota, v rezul'tate chego obrazuetsya kvark-glyuonnaya plazma. Rezul'taty eksperimentov, opisannyh v stat'e, interesny ne tol'ko sami po sebe, no i v prilozhenii k processam, svyazannym s kosmicheskimi luchami.

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    physics/0611106 Zametki o vzaimootnosheniyah fiziki i very (Remarks on the relation between physics and faith)
    Authors: Horst R. Beyer
    Comments: 23 pages

    Spornaya, no dovol'no interesnaya stat'ya. Avtor skoree zashishaet religiyu ot popytok zamenit' ee naukoi. Osnovnoe utverzhdenie avtora svoditsya k tomu, chto zakonchennye fizicheskie kartinu mira postoyanno smenyayut drug druga, i utverzhdenie ob absolyutnosti, naprimer, sovremennoi kartiny yavlyaetsya skoree utverzhdeniem very, chem nauki.


    physics/0611119 Otkrytie sverhtekuchesti (The discovery of superfluidity)
    Authors: Sebastien Balibar
    Comments: 30 pages

    Opisyvaetsya istoriya otkrytiya i issledovaniya sverhtekuchesti.


    physics/0611123 Dinamika cunami (Dynamics of tsunami waves)
    Authors: Frederic Dias, Denys Dutykh
    Comments: 29 pages, 5 figures, In Book: ''Extreme Man-Made and Natural Hazards in Dynamics of Structures'', NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Opatija, Croatia, May 28 - June 1, pp. 35-60, 2006

    Rassmotreno obrazovanie, rasprostranenie i, nakonec, vyhod na bereg. Chast' rassmotreniya avtoram udalos' prodelat' analiticheskii, dlya chasti - trebuetsya chislennoe modelirovanie.


    hep-th/0611132 Dekonstrukciya teorii strun (String theory deconstructed (a detailed critique of the content of ST from an advanced QFT viewpoint) dedicated to Philip Anderson on the occasion of his 83rd birthday)
    Authors: Bert Schroer
    Comments: 24 pages

    Podrobnaya kritika teorii strun.


    physics/0611283 Paradoks SETI (The SETI Paradox)
    Authors: Alexander Zaitsev
    Comments: 7 pages

    Sobstvenno, stat'ya posvyashena poslaniyam vnezemnym civilizaciyam. Avtor razvivaet svoi izvestnyi tezis o tom, chto glupo nadeyat'sya chto-to ulovit', esli sami ne peredaem.


    physics/0611284 Ispol'zovanie zavisyashih ot vremeni tempov citirovaniya dlya sravneniya vklada uchenyh (Using time dependent citation rates (sales curves) for comparing scientific impacts)
    Authors: Werner Marx, Hermann Schier, Ole Krogh Andersen
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

    Navernoe stoit zavesti special'nuyu rubriku dlya statei po citirovaniyu, ibo tema menya interesuet, i raboty takoi napravlennosti prakticheski vsegda vklyuchayutsya v obzory. V dannom sluchae avtory rassmatrivayut izmenenie tempa citirovaniya so vremenem. Takaya velichina, razumeetsya, mozhet byt' ispol'zovana tol'ko dlya ocenki vklada ochen' horosho citiruyushihsya uchenyh, poskol'ku dlya gladkosti krivyh nuzhna dovol'no bol'shaya statistika. Takzhe dovol'no interesno provedennoe avtorami sravnenie neskol'kih issledovatel'skih institutov.


    Vypusk 144. 01-10 noyabrya 2006

    hep-ex/0611008 Nablyudeniya effekta Askaryana vo l'du (Observations of the Askaryan Effect in Ice)
    Authors: The ANITA collaboration: S. W. Barwick et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 figures

    Eshe v 1962 godu Askaryan opublikoval v ZhETF stat'yu, v kotoroi byl opisan effekt, kotoryi, pohozhe, privedet k poyavleniyu naibolee effektivnogo metoda registracii neitrino ochen'-ochen' vysokih energii (poryadka milliona TeV). Effekt byl eksperimental'no proveren v neskol'kih sredah, no bylo ochen' vazhno provesti proverku dlya l'da, ibo imenno v etoi srede stoyat prototipy budushih krupnyh detektorov. I vot, v rezul'tate oblucheniya semitonnoi glyby l'da, effekt proveren i dlya l'da.

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    physics/0611088 Laboratornye predely na izmenenie fundamental'nyh konstant so vremenem: novye dannye (Laboratory Limits on Temporal Variations of Fundamental Constants: An Update)
    Authors: E. Peik, B. Lipphardt, H. Schnatz, Chr. Tamm, S. Weyers, R. Wynands
    Comments: 10 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Berlin, 2006

    Astrofizicheskie testy postoyanstva fundamental'nyh konstant imeyut ochvidnoe preimushestvo: tam my operiruem v remenami poryadka milliardov let. Zato, laboratornye eksperimenty gorazdo tochnee i menee model'no-zavisimy! Issledovaniya atomnyh standartov na masshtabe neskol'kih let pozvolyaet sdelat' vazhnye ogranicheniya na variacii konstant. Tochnost' sravnima s astrofizicheskimi dannymi. Poka nichego ne obnaruzheno. Vse stabil'no.


    Vypusk 143. 18-31 oktyabrya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0610665 Astrofizicheskie testy fundamental'noi fiziki (Astrophysical Probes of Fundamental Physics)
    Authors: C.J.A.P. Martins
    Comments: 6 pages, Invited Review talk at the ESO Precision Spectroscopy in Astrophysics conference, to appear in the proceedings

    Korotkii ponyatnyi obzor problemy. V pervuyu ochered' rech' idet o poiske skalyarnyh polei. Odno iz nih mozhet otvechat' za kosmologicheskii chlen. Nalichie evolyucioniruyushego skalyarnogo polya mozhet privodit' k izmeneniyu fundamental'nyh konstant. Sootvetstvenno, avtor obsuzhdaet, kak imeyushiesya astronomicheskie dannye po variacii konstant uvyazyvayutsya s ozhidaniyami teoretikov.

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    obzor hep-th/0610221 Brany i inflyaciya: vzglyad na teoriyu strun iz kosmosa (Brane Inflation : String Theory viewed from the Cosmos)
    Authors: S.-H. Henry Tye
    Comments: 29 pages, 8 figures. An introduction and review

    Ne slishkom navorochennyi obzor po inflyacii v strunnoi teorii. Teoriya mozhet i ne verna, no obzor polistat' mozhno.


    physics/0610271 Sistema golosovaniya po Penrouzu i optimal'naya kvota (Penrose voting system and optimal quota)
    Authors: Wojciech Slomczynski, Karol Zyczkowski
    Comments: 12 pages, 2 figures, Acta Physica Polonica B37, 3133-3143 (2006)

    Pervoe, eto ne tot Penrouz, kotoryi izvesten rabotami po fizike chernyh dyr i t.p. Rech' idet o Laionele Penrouze (Lionel S. Penrose) - angliiskom psihiatore i matematike, kotoryi obsuzhdal, kak mogla by golosovat' organizaciya tipa OON. Vtoroe, stat'ya, na moi vzglyad, interesnaya i zatragivaet vazhnuyu problemu. Sovetuyu pochitat'.

    Avtory detal'no razbirayut vse na primere Evrosoyuza, kotoryi im, razumeetsya, blizhe. Situaciya, grubo, takova: est' po predstavitelyu ot strany. Oni golosuyut. No strany-to raznye! Znachit, kazhdyi predstavitel' dolzhen poluchit' ne ravnyi golos. Nado rasschitat' etu velichinu. Modno, konechno, prosto brat' vklad kazhdogo golosuyushego proporcional'no chislennosti strany, kotoruyu on predstavlyaet. No mozhno rassmatrivat' i bolee slozhnyi mehanizm, chto avtory i delayut. Sam Penrouz predlagal brat' etu dolyu proporcional'noi kornyu kvadratnomu iz naseleniya strany.

    Konechnyi vyvod avtorov v prilozhenii k evrosoyuzu takov. Golosa predstavitelei stran dolzhny imet' vesa, proporcional'nye kornyu kvadratnomu iz naseleniya. A kvota dlya prinyatiya resheniya (t.e. summa vesov, normirovannyh na edinicu) dolzhna ravnyat'sya primerno 62 procentam.

    Optimal'naya kvota umen'shaetsya s rostom chisla uchastnikov (v predele stremitsya k 50 procentam).


    Vypusk 142. 01-18 oktyabrya 2006

    cs.DL/0610007 Polnotekstovyi poisk v ADS (Full text searching in Astrophysical Data System)
    Authors: Gunther Eichhorn et al.
    Comments: 4 pages

    Poyavilas' celaya pachka interesnyh statei, posvyashennyh ADS. cs.DL/0610008 - Connectivity in the Astronomical Digital Library; cs.DL/0610011 - Creation and use of citations in the ADS; cs.DL/0610029 - Data in the ADS - understanding how to use in better; cs.DL/0610030 - Paper to Screen: Processing Historical Scans in the ADS; cs.DL/0610031 - Pathways: Augmenting interoperability across scholary repositories.

    Eto prosto zdorovo! Odna iz samyh poleznyh elektronnyh bibliotek (da chto "odna" - samaya!) dlya sovremennogo astronoma poluchila nakonec dostatochno polnoe i dostupnoe opisanie.


    astro-ph/0610330 V chem problema s antropnym podhodom? (What's the troble with anthropic reasoning?)
    Authors: Roberto Trotta, Glenn Starkman
    Comments: 8 pages

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto ob'yasnit' nablyudaemoe znachenie kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi v antropnom podhode ne udaetsya.

    Drugaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya antropnomu principu, poyavilas' v hep-th. V nei entuziast antropnogo podhoda polemiziruet so skeptikami.

    Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve ru_astroph.
    Obsudit' na Astroforume v Nauchnoi panorame.


    physics/0610031 Otpravka soobshenii vnezemnomu razumu (Messaging to Extra-terrestrial Intelligence)
    Authors: Alexander Zaitsev
    Comments: 14 pages, 3 tables

    Obsuzhdaetsya koncepciya METI.

    Sovremennye programmy po poisku vnezemnogo razuma (SETI) vo mnogom orientirovany na situaciyu, kogda est' "otpravitel'". Pri etom, zamechaet avtor, sami-to my otpravlyat' poslaniya ne speshim. Kak on polagaet, situaciyu nuzhno kardinal'no menyat'. Chtoby nashi soobsheniya ne imeli vid spama, nado produmat' razumnuyu strategiyu peredachi (chto, kuda i t.d.).

    Sam ya ne yavlyayus' storonnikom stol' avtivnyh mer. Esli inoplanetyane est', to "sami naidutsya", tochnee, my natknemsya na nih v hode standartnyh astronomicheskih issledovanii. Tem ne menee, stat'yu stoit prochest'. Vdrug, iz skeptika vy prevratites' v entuziasta METI.


    physics/0610054 Dzhulian Shvinger: yadernaya fizika, radarnaya laboratoriya, renormalizvaciya v KED i dalee (Julian Schwinger: nuclear physics, the radiation laboratory, renormalized QED, Source theory, and beyond)
    Authors: K.A. Milton
    Comments: 54 pages

    Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya Shvingeru. V osnovnom avtor rasskazyvaet o maloizvestnyh etapah raboty velikogo uchenogo.


    physics/0610109 Modelirovanie klimata za 1880-2003 gg. s pomosh'yu GISS (Climate simulations for 1880-2003 with GISS modelE)
    Authors: J. Hansen et al.
    Comments: 37 pages, 19 figures. To be submitted to Annals of Geophysics

    Ne buduchi specialistom v klimatologii i t.p., ya ne mogu skazat' horoshaya eto model' ili plohaya. Prosto, vozmozhno komu-to budet interesno posmotret' kak seichas modeliruyut klimat.

    Vtoraya stat'ya toi zhe gruppy: physics/0610109


    Vypusk 141. 15-30 sentyabrya 2006

    miniobzor gr-qc/0607006 Priklyucheniya prostranstva-vremeni (The adventures of Spacetime)
    Authors: Orfeu Bertolami
    Comments: Chapter in the book Relativity and the Dimensionality of the World to be published in the Springer series Fundamental Theories of Physics. Volume Editor: Vesselin Petkov. 18 pages plus macros; updated references

    Interesnoe chtenie dlya teh, kto ser'ezno interesuetsya sovremennym sostoyaniem izucheniya svoistv prostranstva-vremeni. Stat'ya nachinaetsya s istoricheskogo vvedeniya, no dazhe ono uzhe soderzhit formuly. Tak chto eto ne legkoe chtivo. Osnovnoe vnimanie udeleno sovremennym rabotam, sootvetstvenno, daetsya dostatochno mnogo ssylok.


    obzor hep-ph/0609145 Bariogenezis (Baryogenesis)
    Authors: James M. Cline
    Comments: 64 pages, many figures; lectures at Les Houches Summer School, Session 86: Particle Physics and Cosmology: the Fabric of Spacetime, 7-11 Aug. 2006.

    Bol'shoi obzor (tochnee, tekst lekcii), posvyashennyi probleme barionnoi asimmetrii Vselennoi. Pervye stranic shest' teksta soderzhat horoshee legko chitaemoe vvedenie. Potom nachinaetsya bolee ser'eznyi material.


    astro-ph/0609794 Budushee tehnicheskih bibliotek (The Future of Technical Libraries)
    Authors: Michael J. Kurtz et al.
    Comments: 2 pages, To appear in Library and Information Systems in Astronomy V

    V vidu svoei chrezmernoi kratkosti (2 stranicy) stat'ya ne slishkom informativna. Odnako v nei po krainei mere upomyanuty vazhneishie tendencii i blizhaishie celi v razvitii nauchnyh bibliotek.


    physics/0609128 Uskoritel'nye puchki neitrino (Accelerator Neutrino Beams)
    Authors: Sacha E. Kopp
    Comments: 86 pages, lecture notes

    Vashemu vnimaniyu predlagayutsya lekcii po generacii neitrinnyh puchkov na uskoritelyah. Razumeetsya, sami neitrino poluchayut posle oblucheniya puchkom chastic (obychno protonov) nekotoroi misheni.

    Seichas vse eto osobenno interesno, poskol'ku idut neitrinnye eksperimenty s dlinnoi bazoi. V nih puchok neitrino s kakogo-nibud' uskoritelya (naprimer, v CERNe) napravlyatsya skvoz' Zemlyu za sotni kilometrov na apparaturu kakogo-nibud' neitrinnogo eksperimenta (naprimer, Borexino v Gran Sasso). Eto pozvolit poluchit' principial'no novye dannye po neitrinnym oscillyaciyam. Tak chto tema bolee chem aktual'na.


    Vypusk 140. 01-15 sentyabrya 2006

    physics/0609047 Lyudvig Bol'cman (Ludwig Edward Boltzmann)
    Authors: S.Rajasekar, N.Athavan
    Comments: 14 pages, 1 figure

    Biografiya Lyudviga Bol'cmana i kratkoe opisanie ego osnovnyh rabot.


    physics/0609116 K voprosu o dinamike h-indeksa v slozhnyh setyah s sosushestvuyushimi soobshestvami (On the Dynamics of the $h-$index in Complex Networks with Coexisting Communities)
    Authors: Luciano da Fontoura Costa
    Comments: 9 pages, 1 table, 2 figures.

    Prodolzhayutsya popytki modificirovat' indeks Hirsha (h-indeks).

    Avtor modeliruet situaciyu s dvumya soobshestvami uchenyh. Po rezul'tatam modelirovaniya on pytaetsya predlozhit' modifikaciyu indeksa.

    Moe lichnoe mnenie sostoit v tom, chto:
    1. Takie popytki v principe nado delat'
    2. Luchshe ne prosto modificirovat', a pytat'sya predlozhit' kakuyu-to al'ternativu
    3. Poskol'ku vse ponimayut, chto vse eti indeksy dostatochno uslovny, to preimushestvo budet za prostymi model'no nezavisimymi indeksami. Vazhno tol'ko, chtoby oni obladali vzaimodopolnitel'nymi nedostatkami. Togda ispol'zovanie nebol'shogo chisla neskol'kih prostyh indeksov pozvolit prinyat' adekvatnoe reshenie, opirayas' na neskol'ko yasnyh formal'nyh kriteriev.


    Vypusk 139. 01-31 avgusta 2006

    astro-ph/0608087 Peredacha energii pri planetnyh proletah (The Energy Transfer Process in Planetary Flybys)
    Authors: John D. Anderson, James K. Campbell, Michael Martin Nieto
    Comments: 23 pages, 43 images combined into 13 figures

    Ya propustil etu stat'yu, chitaya astro-ph, no, k schast'yu, ona poyavilas' v novostyah. Rabota v samom dele vazhnaya i interesnaya.

    V nachale ob avtorah, chtoby ne bylo somnenii. Tochnee o pervom avtore. Po suti, eto chelovek, otkryvshii anomaliyu Pionerov. On rukovodil nebesno-mehanicheskimi raschetami v ryade proektov NASA, naprimer, Galileo. Tak chto vopros o kompetencii ne voznikaet.

    Dalee. Avtory opisyvayut interesnyi nablyudatel'nyi effekt. Svyazan on s tem, chto pri gravitacionnyh manevrah, prizvannyh uvelichit' (v sluchae poletov k vneshnim planetami t.p.) ili umen'shit' (v sluchae poleta k vnutrennim planetam i drugim telam, dlya dostizheniya kotoryh nado "pritormozit'") kineticheskuyu energiyu apparata. Sam effekt horosho izvesten, on ispol'zovalsya dlya razgona Pionerov 10 i 11 i Voyadzherov, Galileo i drugih apparatov. Odnako, ne vse tak prosto. Konechno, my znachem, chto sputniki letyat kuda na do i t.p. Tem ne menee, est' ochen' malen'kii, no interesnyi effekt. Pri prolete planety apparaty poluchayut nebol'shuyu dopolnitel'nuyu energii v sravnenii s raschetnoi. Poslednee zamechanie chrezvychaino vazhno. Ne nado srazu kidat'sya delat' vyvody o tom, chto n'yutonovskaya gravitaciya dazhe blizko ne verna, i chto obnaruzhennyi effekt potryasaet vse osnovy. Vse-taki, vyvod sostoit lish' v tom, chto model', v ramkah kotoroi provodyatsya raschety, chto-to ne uchityvaet.

    Sushestvenno, chto effekt est' dazhe dlya manervov apparatov okolo Zemli, prichem dazhe v sisteme koordinat, svyazannoi s Zemlei!

    Avtory vidyat vozmozhnuyu svyaz' effekta s anomaliei v dvizhenii Pionerov (napomnyu, chto rech' idet o nalichii dopolnitel'nogo uskoreniya, napravlennogo primerno k Solncu). Delo v tom, chto anomaliya v dvizhenii Pionera-11 poyavilas' posle gravitacionnogo manevra okolo Saturna.

    Povtoryus', chto effekt dostatochno mal, i veroyatno svyazan s nedouchetom chego-to v modeli. T.e. govorit' o "potryasanii svyashennyh korov" rano. Tem ne menee vidno, chto dazhe v horosho izvestnyh oblastyah (a nebesnaya mehanika k nim bezuslovno otnositsya) mozhno obnaruzhivat' ochen' interesnye effekty!


    astro-ph/0608675 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie v modificirovannoi gravitacii i linzirovanie na slivayushihsya skopleniyah bez temnogo veshestva (Gravitational Lensing in Modified Gravity and the Lensing of Merging Clusters without Dark Matter)
    Authors: J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 8 pages, one figure

    Razumeetsya, posle rassmotrennogo vyshe rezul'tata po raspredeleniyu massy v slivayushemsya skoplenii galaktik storonniki modificirovannoi gravitacii brosilis' na zashitu svoih pozicii.

    Avtor pokazyvaet, chto vsyakie MOND-teorii v samom dele okazyvayutsya zakrytymi, no vot predlozhennaya samim Moffatom MOG-teoriya mozhet ob'yasnit' nablyudaemye dannye. Chudny dela tvoi, Gospodi!.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0608681


    physics/0608183 Prevoshodstvo h-indeksa nad impakt-faktorom v fizike (Superiority of the $h$-index over the Impact Factor for Physics)
    Authors: Casey W. Miller
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures; Submitted to Am. J. Phys.

    Avtor predlagaet rasshirit' sferu primeneniya indeksa, vvedennogo Hirshem (t.n. h-indeks), i primenyat' ego k zhurnalam. Napomnyu, chto indeks byl vveden dlya harakteristiki vklada individual'nogo uchenogo po ego citiruemosti. Esli postroit' grafik, gde po odnoi osi otkladyvat' nomer stat'i v poryadke ubyvaniya chisla ssylok na nee, a po drugoi osi chislo ssylok, to h-indeks opredelitsya peresechenie bissektrisy s poluchivsheisya krivoi. T.e., h=12 govorit o tom, chto u uchenogo est' 12 statei s citiruemost'yu 12 ili vyshe. Razumeetsya, indeks mozhno primenyat' i k gruppam uchenyh (laboratoriyam, institutam, universitetam) i k zhurnalam. Avtor pokazyvaet, chto v fizike h-indeks zhurnala yavlyaetsya bolee adekvatnym pokazatelem, chem impakt-faktor zhurnala.

    Na tu zhe mel'nicu l'et vodu i avtor physics/0608187, pokazyvayushii, chto v fizike elementarnyh chastic ni Nature, ni Science ne yavlyayutsya ochen' populyarnymi zhurnalami.


    quant-ph/0608140 Lekcii 1951 goda po kvantovoi mehanike (1951 Lectures on Advanced Quantum Mechanics Second Edition)
    Authors: Freeman J. Dyson
    Comments: 149 page

    Vylozhen istoricheskii kurs lekcii Frimena Daisona.


    physics/0608309 Real'nost' v kvantovoi mehanike, rasshirennaya koncepciya Everetta i soznanie (Reality in quantum mechanics, Extended Everett Concept, and consciousness)
    Authors: Michael B. Mensky
    Comments: 17 pages, 2 figures

    Mnogie navernyaka slyshali o rabotah Menskogo (stoit prochest' stat'i v UFN, Voprosah filosofii, a takzhe knizhku, vyshedshuyu nedavno v izdatel'stve Vek-2). Esli ne slyshali, to pochitaite etu stat'yu. Pereskazyvat' detali koncepcii ne budu, no, nemnogo vul'gariziruya, mozhno skazat', chto:
    1. sushestvuet edinyi kvantovyi mir
    2. nablyudatel' (ne obyazatel'no chelovek, a lyuboe zhivoe, po opredeleniyu, sushestvo) vidit lish' odnu klassicheskuyu realizaciyu (po krainei mere v normal'nom sostoyanii).
    3. vybor realizacii svyazan s soznaniem

    Otmechu, chto vorosy, svyazannye s everettikoi mozhno obsudit' i v ZhZh.


    hep-th/0608210 Petlevaya kvantovaya gravitaciya: vzglyad iznutri (Loop Quantum Gravity: An Inside View)
    Authors: Thomas Thiemann
    Comments: 58 pages

    Obzor po petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii dlya "nespecialistov". Vzyal v kavychki, potomu kak uroven' etih "nespecialistov" dolzhen sushestvenno prevoshodit' bazovyi universitetskii kurs fiziki.


    Vypusk 138. 01-31 iyulya 2006

    physics/0607137 O dostupnyh lunnyh i solnechnyh zatmeniyah i vavilonskoi hronologii (On the Available Lunar and Solar Eclipses and Babylonian Chronology)
    Authors: V.G.Gurzadyan, D.A.Warburton
    Comments: Akkadica, v.126 (2005) p.195

    Kak horosho izvestno, mnogie vremennye shkaly v istorii "graduiruyutsya" po astronomicheskim "veham". V dannom sluchae rech' idet o vavilonskoi istorii i nablyudeniyah Venery i zatmenii.

    Druguyu svezhuyu stat'yu po astronomicheskim metodam v hronologii drevnih epoh mozhno naiti zdes'.


    cs.DL/0607070 Citirovanie kak process predstavleniya (Citation as a Representation Process)
    Authors: V. V. Kryssanov, F. J. Rinaldo, H. Ogawa, E. Kuleshov
    Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures.

    Slegka zaumnyi podhod k voprosu o citirovanii. Avtory predlagayut novyi podhod k ponimaniyu samogo processa citirovaniya.


    physics/0607224 Masshtabirovanie h-indeksa dlya razlichnyh razdelov ISI (Scaling the h-index for different scientific ISI fields)
    Authors: Juan E. Iglesias, Carlos Pecharroman
    Comments: 7 pages

    Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak mozhno primenyat' h-indeks dlya uchenyh razlichnyh special'nostei.


    Vypusk 137. 16 iyunya - 30 iyunya 2006

    astro-ph/0606601 Besprestannaya tyaga gravitacii: interaktivnyi obrazovatel'nyi veb-sait o chernyh dyrah (Gravity's Relentless Pull: An interactive, multimedia website about black holes for Education and Public Outreach)
    Authors: Roeland P. van der Marel et al.
    Comments: STScI Newsletter, 2006, vol. 23, number 2, in press; 5 pages and 2 figures.

    Sobstvenno, v stat'e opisan veb-proekt, posvyashennyi chernym dyram. Mozhno pochitat' stat'yu, a mozhno srazu poiti na sait.


    supermega obzor! astro-ph/0606663 Astrofizika v 2005 godu (Astrophysics in 2005)
    Authors: V. Trimble, M.J. Aschwanden, C.J. Hansen
    Comments: 364 p.

    Wow! Virdzhiniya Trimbl prodolzhaet zazhigat'!

    Vse-vse-vse lyubili i lyubyat ee obzory. V kakoi-to moment delat' obzory v odinochku stalo tyazhelo, i Virdzhiniya privlekla k etoi vazhnoi rabote kolleg. Vot ocherednoi obzor za 2005 god. Ne hochu kommentirovat', lish' molcha preklonyayus' pered prodelannoi rabotoi.

    Proshlye obzory mozhno pytat'sya skachat' zdes'. Odnako, veroyatnee vsego, dostup budet zakryt.


    physics/0606151 Magiya fiziki (Physics Magic)
    Authors: Nathaniel Lasry, Pierre-Osias Christin
    Comments: 6 pages (PDF only) , Submitted to: The Physics Teacher

    Korotkaya zametka, posvyashennaya tomu, kak sdelat' prostye fizicheskie demonstracii dlya shkol'nikov bolee zrelishnymi.


    physics/0606153 Dzhulian Shvinger (1918-1994) (Julian Schwinger (1918-1994))
    Authors: K. A. Milton
    Comments: 21 pages, no figures, to appear in a volume in honor of E. Majorana edited by A. Zichichi

    Biograficheskaya stat'ya ob izvestnom fizike nobelevskom laureate Dzhuliane Shvingere. Pomnite, v "Fiziki shutyat" byl shablon dlya napisaniya statei po kvantovoi elektrodinamike, nachinavshiisya "kak pokazal Shvinger...", tak vot eto on.


    hep-ex/0606035 Eksperimental'naya proverka asimptoticheskoi svobody (Experimental Tests of Asymptotic Freedom)
    Authors: Siegfried Bethke
    Comments: 38 pages, 18 figures

    Kak izvestno, nobelevskie premii ne dayut za neproverennye teorii. Za asimptoticheskuyu svobodu dali, znachit proverili. Vsyu istoriyu etoi proverki, a takzhe sovremennoe sostoyanie del v etom voprose mozhno uznat' iz stat'i.


    Vypusk 136. 01 iyunya - 15 iyunya 2006

    astro-ph/0606102 Makroinzheneriya v galakticheskom kontekste (Macroengineering in the Galactic Context: A New Agenda for Astrobiology)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: Contribution to "Macro-Engineering: A Challenge for the Future" ed. by Viorel Badescu, Richard B. Cathcart, and Roelof D. Schuiling, in press

    Obsuzhdaetsya problema obnaruzheniya inzhenernoi deyatel'nosti prodvinutyh vnezemnyh civilizacii. Avtor polagaet, chto sovremennye proekty SETI ploho prisposobleny dlya poiska sledov takoi deyatel'nosti, a iskat' nado imenno ih, a ne "signaly".


    astro-ph/0606197 Temnaya materiya protiv modifikacii zakona tyagoteniya. Rezul'taty po dvizheniyam planet v Solnechnoi sisteme (Dark matter vs. modifications of the gravitational inverse-square law. Results from planetary motion in the solar system)
    Authors: M. Sereno, Ph. Jetzer
    Comments: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

    Razumeetsya, stat'ya soderzhit novye akkuratnye verhnie predely na otkloneniya dvizheniya tel Solnechnoi sistemy ot zakona obratnyh kvadratov. Ogranicheniya stanovyatsya vse zhestche i zhestche, i teoriyam s modificirovannoi gravitaciei stanovitsya vse slozhnee "vpisat'sya".


    Vypusk 135. 22 aprelya - 31 maya 2006

    miniobzor gr-qc/0604102 Uravneniya Einshteina: tochnye resheniya (Einstein equations: exact solutions)
    Authors: Jiri Bicak
    Comments: 8 pages, published in Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, eds. J.-P. Francoise, G. L. Naber and Tsou S. T., Oxford: Elsevier, 2006 (ISBN 978-0-1251-2666-3), volume 2, page 165-173. (The number of references had to be limited, some additional references are indicated inside the text only.)

    Obratite vnimanie, eto stat'ya dlya enciklopedii matematicheskoi fiziki.


    physics/0604216 Rasshirenie indeksa Hirsha: indeksirovanie nauchnyh razdelov (An extension of the Hirsch Index: Indexing scientific topics and compounds)
    Authors: M. G. Banks
    Comments: To appear in Scientometrics, 4 pages

    Yasno, chto citirovanie zavisit ot oblasti issledovanii. Avtor rassmatrivaet, kak dannye po citirovaniyu mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya opredeleniya (kolichestvennogo) togo, kakie oblasti seichas yavlyayutsya "goryachimi".


    physics/0605057 Proverochnye zadachi po mehanike i STO (Test problems in mechanics and special relativity)
    Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
    Comments: 103 pages, LaTeX, mostly in Russian

    Sbornik zadach po mehanike i STO. Privodyatsya takzhe i resheniya zadach, prichem na russkom.


    physics/0605105 Superstrunnye teorii (Superstring theories)
    Authors: Constantin Bachas, Jan Troost
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics

    Kratkii obzor teorii superstrun, napisannyi dlya enciklopedii matematicheskoi fiziki.


    physics/0605135 Beloe begstvo ili begstvo ot bednosti? (White flight or flight from poverty?)
    Authors: Charles Jego, Bertrand M. Roehner
    Comments: 13 pages, 6 figures To appear in the Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination

    Dlya razdela physics sociotematika davno uzhe stala standartnoi. V dannoi stat'e rassmatrivaetsya dinamika razlichnyh etnicheskih grupp v krupnyh amerikanskih gorodah, v chastnosti problema massovoi migracii belogo naseleniya iz ryada krupnyh gorodov.


    physics/0605252 Mirovoi reiting universitetov: analiz osnovnyh sostavlyayushih (World University Rankings - A Principal Component Analysis)
    Authors: Joao E. Steiner
    Comments: 15 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables

    Avtor rassmotrel s pomosh'yu kakih kriteriev mozhno vystroit' razumnyi reiting universitetov. Predlagaetsya ispol'zovat' tri: nauchnye rezul'taty (skladyvaetsya iz chisla publikacii v Nature i Science i iz chisla uchenyh s vysokim indeksom citirovaniya), stepen' otkrytosti ili "internacionalizm" (skladyvaetsya iz chisla inostrannyh studentov i prepodavatelei), i otnoshenie chisla sotrudnikov k chislu studentov.

    Rezul'tat ne bleshet osoboi noviznoi ili original'nost'yu. Sushestvenno to, chto pri sostavlenii reitinga ne stoit ispol'zovat' sil'no korrelirovannye drug s drugom parametry, a naoborot, sleduet brat' te, kotorye drug s drugom korreliruyut slabo ili antikorreliruyut.


    Vypusk 134. 12-21 aprelya 2006

    spisok astro-ph/0604271 Publikacii TNG za 1989- 2005 gg. (TNG publications 1989-2005)
    Authors: W. Boschin
    Comments: 74 pages

    Na 72 stranicah privoditsya spisok statei, svyazannyh s teleskopom TNG. Privodyatsya kak stat'i s rezul'tatami nablyudenii na etom instrumente, tak i tehnicheskie raboty, posvyashennye teleskopu.

    V principe, eto poleznaya vesh', kogda delayutsya takie spiski statei, napisannyh na osnove raboty na kakom-to instrumenta. Navernoe, bylo by poleznee imet' takoi spisok v vide saita, gde mozhno bylo by klikat' na stat'yu, chtoby uvidet' ne tol'ko ee nazvanie.


    obzor gr-qc/0604062 Energiya vakuuma: mify i real'nost' (Vacuum Energy: Myths and Reality)
    Authors: G.E. Volovik
    Comments: 20 pages, 2 figures, prepared for the special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. devoted to dark energy and dark matter, IJMP style

    Vazhnyi obzor. Ved' vazhno ne prosto pisat' o tom, chto horosho znaesh', no eshe i kritikovat' nevernye ustoyavshiesya uprosheniya, mify i t.p. Odnako, polagayu, chto tut eshe mnogo neyasnogo, i mnogie analogii svoistv vakuuma s povedeniem kvantovyh zhidkostei mogut byt' osporeny.


    physics/0604101 Sostoyanie eksperimenta OPERA (Status of the OPERA Experiment)
    Authors: R. Zimmermann
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures, conference proceedings, to be published in Acta Physica polonica B

    Polagayu, chto OPERA - eto ochen' vazhnyi eksperiment. Vazhnyi i krasivyi. Ideya sostoit v poiske neitrinnyh oscillyacii, ispol'zuya izvestnyi istochnik. V dannom sluchae rech' idet o tom, chtoby ispol'zovat' puchok, idushii ot uskoritelya v CERNe. Detektor stoit v laboratorii Gran Sasso v Italii. 732 kilometra razdelyayut eti dva issledovatel'skih centra. Puteshestvuya ot CERNa k Gran Sasso, neitrino mogut prevrashat'sya (odin tip perehodit v drugoi). Imenno eti prevrasheniya i hochetsya zafiksirovat'.

    Seichas zakanchivaetsya montazh oborudovaniya v Gran Sasso. Tak chto do nachala raboty ostaetsya uzhe ne tak mnogo vremeni!


    physics/0604108 Fotonnyi kollaider na ILC: sostoyanie, parametry i tehnicheskie problemy ()
    Authors: V.I. Telnov
    Comments: alk at Photon: Its First Hundred Years And The Future, includes PHOTON2005 and PLC2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland, 30 Aug - 8 Sep 2005, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B, 20 pp, Latex, 19 .eps figures

    Vtoraya chast' doklada po fotonnomu kollaideru. Esli v pervoi opisyvalas' istoriya i osnovnye idei, to vtoraya posvyashena konkretnomu planiruyushemusya priboru.


    obzor physics/0604144 Astronomiya, astrofizika i fizika kosmosa v Grecii (Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Space Physics in Greece)
    Authors: V. Charmandaris
    Comments: Paper to be published in `Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy -- Vol. 7, Ed. A. Heck, 2006, Springer, Dordrecht".

    V stat'e daetsya podrobnyi obzor organizacii astronomicheskih issledovanii v Grecii. Daetsya svodka dannyh po astronomam-professionalam (v Grecii na postoyannyh poziciyah rabotaet 107 astronomov). Kratko privoditsya informaciya po kazhdomu uchrezhdeniyu, gde zanimayutsya astronomicheskimi issledovaniyami. Otdel'no opisyvayutsya osnovnye astronomicheskie insturmenty na territorii Grecii. V konce privoditsya informaciya po professional'nomu astronomicheskomu obrazovaniyu, i obsuzhdayutsya krupnye budushie proekty, v kotoryh uchastvuyut grecheskie uchenye.

    Vypusk 132. 22-31 marta 2006

    obzor gr-qc/0603060 Sverhsvetovye peremesheniya v (polu)klassicheskoi OTO (Superluminal motion in (semi)classical relativity)
    Authors: S. Krasnikov
    Comments: 14 pages, Pedagogical review. In Russian

    Sergei Vladilenovich Krasnikov - izvestnyi specialist po krotovym noram, mashinam vremeni i prochei ekzotike, voznikayushei v OTO. V dannoi stat'e (napisannoi na russkom yazyke, chto v Arhive yavlyaetsya redkost'yu) dan obzor nekotoryh interesnyh vozmozhnostei, svyazannyh s tem, chto v OTO mogut byt' resheniya, soglasno kotorym ob'ekt, za vremya t po zemnym chasam uspevaet sletat' na rasstoyanie d, bol'shee, chem ct/2, i vernut'sya. Pri etom, eto ne tahionnoe reshenie. Za detalyami otsylayu k tekstu stat'i.

    Vypusk 131. 13-21 marta 2006

    physics/0603095 Fiziki v voennoe vremya (Physicists in times of war)
    Authors: Bert Schroer
    Comments: 16 pages

    Nazvanie neskol'ko sbivaet s tolku. Rech' idet nemnogo o drugom. Rech' idet o vybore zhiznennoi pozicii, o politicheskom vybore, v ochen' neprostoe vremya.

    Osnovnaya chast' stat'i posvyashena izvestnomu nemeckomu fiziku 'ordanu (Jordan) i ego vzaimootnosheniyam s kollegami.

    physics/0603112 Teoriya strun i krizis v teorii elementarnyh chastic (String theory and the crisis in particle physics)
    Authors: Bert Schroer
    Comments: 30 pages

    Kriticheskoe esse o teorii strun. Kstati, odnoi iz motivacii dlya ego napisaniya stala novaya populyarnaya knigu Sasskinda (Susskind), o kotoroi ya ranee upominal.

    Krome kriticheskoi chasti esse interesno istoricheskim vvedeniem.

    quant-ph/0603146 Ser Artur Eddington i osnovy sovremennoi fiziki (Sir Arthur Eddington and the Foundations of Modern Physics)
    Authors: I. T. Durham
    Comments: Doctoral dissertation, School of Mathematics, University of St. Andrews, April 2005 (external examiner: S.R.D. French, University of Leeds); 289 pages; includes photographs; **12.5 MB file**

    Dissertaciya posvyashena posmertno izdannoi knige Eddingtona "Fundamental'naya teoriya" (1946).

    Dissertaciyu ya, razumeetsya, ne chital, zato nashel na saite Universiteta Sv. Andreya (St. Andrew's), gde avtor i pisal dissertaciyu, interesnye stranicy, posvyashennye Eddingtonu.

    physics/0603140 Maiorana i integraly po traektoriyam v kvantovoi mehanike (Majorana and the path-integral approach to Quantum Mechanics)
    Authors: S. Esposito
    Comments: revtex, 9 pages, 2 figures; a contribution in the centenary of the birth of Ettore Majorana

    Ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya Ettore Maiorana. Tochnee, eto perevod ego zametok, kotorye, vidimo, yavlyayutsya konspektom seminara po teoreticheskoi fizike, kotoryi on daval v 1938 g. v universitete Neapolya. Nekotorye chasti etoi raboty pozvolyayut govorit' o tom, chto Maiorana predvoshitil idei, kotorye pozzhe byli nezavisimo vydvinuty Feinmanom i razvity im v blestyashuyu teoriyu.

    physics/0603142 >Brounovskoe dvizhenie posle Einshteina: nekotorye novye prilozheniya i novye eksperimenty (Brownian Motion after Einstein: Some new applications and new experiments)
    Authors: David Selmeczi et al.
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 131

    Brounovskoe dvizhenie upominaetsya uzhe v uchebnike fiziki za 8 klass. A chto v etoi oblasti proishodit novogo? Otvety vy naidete v stat'e.

    Vypusk 130. 01-13 marta 2006

    obzor gr-qc/0602098 O vliyanii kosmologicheskogo rasshireniya na dinamiku solnechnoi sistemy (On the influence of the global cosmological expansion on the local dynamics in the Solar System)
    Authors: Matteo Carrera, Domenico Giulini
    Comments: 37 pages, 2 figures

    Rassmatrivaetsya vopros o tom, kak mozhet kosmologicheskoe rasshirenie vliyat' na dinamiku ob'ektov solnechnoi sisteme. Razumeetsya, effekt, dazhe esli on sushestvuet, ochen' mal. I, razumeetsya, nikakih nablyudenii v etom smysle net. Tem ne menee, stat'ya interesnaya. Mne, kak nekosmologu, zatrudnitel'no dat' kakie-to bolee detal'nye kommentarii. Hotelos' by uslyshat' ih ot sootvetstvuyushih specialistov.


    astro-ph/0603200 Prigodnost' dlya zhizni izvestnyh ekzoplanet po dannym o svoistvah zvezd (Habitability of known exoplanetary systems based on measured stellar properties)
    Authors: Barrie W Jones, P Nick Sleep, David R Underwood
    Comments: 21 pages

    Avtory berut dannye po izvestnym zvezdam s planetami, chtoby ocenit' svoistva t.n. zon obitaniya, t.e. zon, v kotoryh byla by vozmozhna zhizn' tipa zemnoi. Provoditsya uchet togo, chto izvestnye planety-giganty mogli by vozmushat' orbitu zemnopodobnyh planet. Krome togo, uchityvaetsya evolyuciya zvezd.

    Stat'ya budet interesna tem, kto interesuetsya voprosami vozmozhnosti sushestvovaniya zhizni vo Vselennoi.


    math.ST/0603024 K luchshemu spisku superzvezd citirovaniya: kompilyaciya mezhdisciplinarnogo spiska issledovatelei s vysokim citirovaniem (Towards a better list of citation superstars: compiling a multidisciplinary list of highly cited researchers)
    Authors: Igor Podlubny, Katarina Kassayova
    Comments: 14 pages, 4 tables

    Vot i matematiki podtyanulis'.

    "Navstrechu spisku peredovikov nauchnogo proizvodstva" - tak hochetsya perevesti zaglavie stat'i. Avtory pytayutsya predlozhit' eshe odin podhod, kotoryi, po ih mneniyu, pozvolit sravnivat' uchenyh, rabotayushih v raznyh oblastyah.

    Stat'ya interesna sobstvenno prilagayushimisya spiskami.

    physics/0603039 Bruno Pontekorvo: mister Neitrino (Bruno Pontecorvo: mister neutrino)
    Authors: S.M. Bilenky
    Comments: 13 pages, A report at the III International Workshop "Neutrino Oscillations in Venice", Venice, February 7-10, 2006

    Stat'ya posvyashena Bruno Pontekorvo i ego vkladu v neitrinnuyu fiziku i astrofiziku.

    Vypusk 129. 20-28 fevralya 2006

    physics/0602043 Vozmozhnye korrelyacii mezhdu variaciyami kosmicheskih luchei i atmosfernymi parametrami (Possible correlation between cosmic ray variation and atmosphere parameters (present status and future activities at BEO Moussala and Alomar observatory))
    Authors: Alexander Mishev
    Comments: 18 pages, 13 figures; work supported under NATO grant EAP.RIG. 981843 and FP6 project BEOBAL

    Avtory planiruyut provodit' eksperimental'nye issledovaniya, dlya togo chtoby proyasnit' vozmozhnuyu svyaz' kosmicheskih luchei s zemnym klimatom.

    Po suti v stat'e ne predstavleny kakie-to chetkie rezul'taty. Skoree, lish' namereniya i opisaniya ustanovok i metodov. Tem ne menee, vse eto dovol'no interesno.

    Stat'ya takzhe soderzhit neplohoi kratkii obzor po kosmicheskim lucham.

    physics/0602172 Fotonnye kollaidery: pervye 25 let (Photon colliders: the first 25 years)
    Authors: V.I. Telnov
    Comments: Presented at Photon: Its First Hundred Years And The Future, includes PHOTON2005 and PLC2005, Warsaw and Kazimierz, Poland, 30 Aug - 8 Sep 2005, to be published in Acta Physica Polonica B, 21 pp, Latex, 8 .eps figures

    V "zheleze" fotonnyh kollaiderov poka net. No ideya ochen' interesnaya. Sobstvenno, v stat'e i opisana ideya i neprostaya istoriya ee razvitiya.

    Voobshe, konechno, fizika dvuhfotonnogo vzaimodeistviya izuchaetsya dostatochno davno. Kak yasno iz nazvaniya ideya kollaidera byla vyskazana 25 let nazad. Sut' vot v chem. Nuzhno poluchit' dostatochno bol'shoi potok fotonov vysokoi energii dlya obespecheniya vysokogo tempa dvuhfotonnyh reakcii. Dlya etogo mozhno ispol'zovat' komptonovskii effekt. Foton, ispushennyi lazerom, poluchaet dopolnitel'nuyu energiyu za schet vzaimodeistviya s elektronom vysokoi energii. Elektrony berutsya iz obychnogo uskoritel'nogo puchka.


    Na verhnem risunke privedena interesuyushaya nas shema (risunok s saita TESLA). Dva puchka elektronov svodyatsya v meste, gde takzhe est' fotony, ispuskaemye moshnym lazerom. Posle rasseyaniya fotony poluchayut energiyu poryadka energii elektronov i dvizhutsya v tochku IP, gde vzaimodeistvuyut drug s drugom.

    Stat'ya napisana ochen' interesno, i ya vsem sovetuyu ee prochest'.

    Vypusk 128. 13-20 fevralya 2006

    miniobzor astro-ph/0602244 Sotrudnichestvo professionalov i lyubitelei i AAVSO (Pro-Am Collaboration and the AAVSO)
    Authors: Arne A. Henden
    Comments:15 pages, 10 figures, 2006, ASPC 349, 165

    Opisany primery sotrudnichestva professionalov i lyubitelei po opytu AAVSO. Istoriya nachinaetsya azh s 19 veka, kogda Louvell priglasil na rabotu Slaifera (lyubitel' priglasil professionala, kstati). Odnako osnovnoe vnimanie udelyaetsya, konechno, bolee blizkomu k nam vremeni.

    Obsuzhdaetsya, kak mozhno sdelat' sotrudnichestvo bolee plodotvornym.


    physics/0602099 CERN - rabotayushii primer global'noi nauchnoi kollaboracii (CERN, a working example of global scientific collaboration)
    Authors: J. Schukraft
    Comments: Invited talk at the international meeting 'South-South and North-South Collaboration in Science and Technology', Islamabad, Pakistan, 12-13 March 2004; 3 pages, no figures

    Kak izvestno, CERN - odin iz krupneishih primerov internacional'nyh nauchnyh kollaboracii, davshii mnogo chego poleznogo (naprimer, Internet). V ochen' korotkom doklade na konferencii, posvyashennoi nauchnomu sotrudnichestvu, dano opisanie Cerna s tochki zreniya sovmestnoi raboty sodruzhestva uchenyh.

    Vypusk 127. 01-12 fevralya 2006

    astro-ph/0602008 Ot protoplanet k protozhizni: vozniknovenie i sohranenie zhizni (From Protoplanets to Protolife: The Emergence and Maintenance of Life)
    Authors: Eric Gaidos, Franck Selsis
    Comments: Protostars and Planets V Conference, Hawaii

    Avtory rassmatrivayut processy vozniknoveniya i podderzhaniya zhizni na planetah. Stat'ya budet interesna vsem! Delo v tom, chto, po vsei vidimosti, obyvatel'skii vzglyad na proishozhdenie zhizni na Zemle neskol'ko otstal ot poslednih veyanii v etoi oblasti. Chitaite!


    astro-ph/0602203 Biografiya Gansa Al'brehta Bete (Biography of Hans Albrecht Bethe)
    Authors: E. Baron
    Comments: 3 pages. To appear in Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Thomas Hockney editor, (New York: Springer Verlag)

    Korotkaya oficial'naya biografiya velikogo uchenogo.


    physics/0602043 Vklad Indii v fiziku vysokih energii v 20 veke (Indian Contributions to High Energy Physics in the 20th Century)
    Authors: G. Rajasekaran
    Comments: 15 pages. Invited talk presented at the XIV DAE Symposium on High Energy Physics, Univ. of Hyderabad, Dec. 2000

    Po krainei mere seredina 20 veka proshla pod znakom fiziki vysokih energii. V stat'e, kak yasno iz nazvaniya, daetsya obzor vklada indiiskih uchenyh v etu oblast' fiziki.

    physics/0602049 Neitrinnaya tomografiya: issledovaniya nedr Zemli po rasprostraneniyu neitrino (Neutrino tomography - Learning about the Earth's interior using the propagation of neutrinos)
    Authors: Walter Winter
    Comments: 21 pages, 9 figures. Proceedings of `Neutrino sciences 2005: Neutrino geophysics'', December 14-16, 2005, Honolulu, USA. Submitted to Earth, Moon, and Planets

    S odnoi storony, Zemlya prozrachna dlya neitrino. S drugoi - ne vpolne. Poetomu, potok neitrino, nablyudaemyi skvoz' Zemlyu, mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya izucheniya nedr. Krome togo, kak izvestno neitrino ispytyvayut prevrasheniya (oscillyacii) pri rasprostranenii v srede. Eto takzhe daet dopolnitel'nuyu informaciyu o vnutrennem stroenii nashei planety.

    physics/0602063 Termodinamicheskii podhod k obnaruzheniyu soobshestv v slozhnyh setyah: izuchenie ZhZh (Thermodynamic approach for community discovering within the complex networks: LiveJournal study)
    Authors: Pavel Zakharov
    Comments: 6 pages

    "Teper' on i tebya poschital" (S)

    Statisticheskoe issledovanie Zhivogo Zhurnala.

    Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

    gr-qc/0601056 Lokal'nye effekty kosmologicheskih izmeneniya fizichekih "konstant" i skalyarnye polya. II Kvazisfericheskoe prostranstvo-vremya (The Local Effects of Cosmological Variations in Physical 'Constants' and Scalar Fields II. Quasi-Spherical Spacetimes)
    Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
    Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure

    Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".


    physics/0601138 Elektromagnitnyi kalorimetr BaBar: sostoyanie i modernizaciya (The BaBar Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Status and Performance Improvements)
    Authors: Johannes M. Bauer, for the BaBar Collaboration EMC Group
    Comments: 6 pages, 15 figures, presented at the 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and submitted to the Conference Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

    Opisan kalorimetr, vot uzhe 7 let ispol'zuyushiisya v eksperimente BaBar v SLACe.

    Vypusk 125. 18-20 yanvarya 2006

    gr-qc/0601056 Lokal'nye effekty kosmologicheskih izmeneniya fizichekih "konstant" i skalyarnye polya. II Kvazisfericheskoe prostranstvo-vremya (The Local Effects of Cosmological Variations in Physical 'Constants' and Scalar Fields II. Quasi-Spherical Spacetimes)
    Authors: Douglas J. Shaw, John D. Barrow
    Comments: 13 pages, 1 figure

    Ochen' special'naya stat'ya. Tem ne menee, vyvod takov, chto pri nekotoryh razumnyh usloviyah teoreticheski mozhno v laboratornom eksperimente obnaruzhit' izmenenie global'nyh "konstant".


    physics/0601138 Elektromagnitnyi kalorimetr BaBar: sostoyanie i modernizaciya (The BaBar Electromagnetic Calorimeter: Status and Performance Improvements)
    Authors: Johannes M. Bauer, for the BaBar Collaboration EMC Group
    Comments: 6 pages, 15 figures, presented at the 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and submitted to the Conference Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

    Opisan kalorimetr, vot uzhe 7 let ispol'zuyushiisya v eksperimente BaBar v SLACe.

    Vypusk 123. 24-31 dekabrya 2005

    dissertaciya gr-qc/0512148 Klassicheskie resheniya v einshteinovskoi gravitacii i izuchenie nekotoryh modelei kollapsa (Classical Solutions in Einstein's Gravity and Study of some Collapsing Models)
    Authors: Ujjal Debnath
    Comments: Ph.D Thesis (2004), 185 Latex pages, 14 figures

    Dissertaciya, posvyashennaya teorii tyagoteniya. Kak obychno, rekomenduyu k prochteniyu vvodnye chasti, soderzhashie poleznuyu obzornuyu informaciyu.


    physics/0512238 Ocenki i nedoocenki nauchnogo kachestva (Measures and Mismeasures of Scientific Quality)
    Authors: Sune Lehmann et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure

    Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya po naukometrii. Pravda, avtory rabotayut s "legkoi" vyboroki: eto raboty "aktivno praktikuyushih" fizikov-teoretikov po dannym SPIRES. Kak ya ponyal, u avtorov poluchaetsya, chto ocenka "vklada v nauku" po stat'e s maksimal'nym citirovaniem i po mediannomu srednemu (t.e. eto ne usrednennoe citirovanie v raschete na odnu stat'yu, a kolichestvo ssylok na stat'yu, stoyashuyu v seredine ryada, uporyadochennogo po citirovannosti) rabotayut luchshe vsego (v tom chisle i luchshe indeksa, predlozhennogo Hirshem). Osobenno horosho dolzhna rabotat' ocenka po mediane.

    Vazhna eshe i takaya ocenka: dlya realistichnoi ocenki kachestva raboty neobhodimo, chtoby avtor imel poryadka 50 statei. Eto mnogo (esli brat' v raschet tol'ko original'nye publikacii v horoshih zhurnalah, prichem takie, chto vklad avtora dominiruet). Za god tyazhelo sdelat' dazhe 5 takih rabot. T.e. ocenka vozmozhna v srednem tol'ko dlya avtorov, chei vozrast podbiraetsya k 40 godam.

    physics/0512270 Istoki irakskoi yadernoi programmy (The origin of Iraq's nuclear weapons program: Technical reality and Western hypocrisy)
    Authors: Suren Erkman, Andre Gsponer, Jean-Pierre Hurni, Stephan Klement
    Comments: 127 pages, 15 figures

    Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya analizu nachal'nyh etapov yadernoi programmy Iraka, a takzhe ee razvitiyu. Avtory polagayut, chto zapadnye pravitel'stva ne predprinimali dolzhnyh popytok po predotvrasheniyu razvitiya rabot po sozdaniyu yadernogo oruzhiya v Irake.

    Vypusk 122. 11-23 dekabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0512287 Naibolee tochnoe ogranichenie na variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury po odnomu individual'nomu izmereniyu (Most precise single redshift bound to the variability of the fine-structure constant)
    Authors: S. A. Levshakov et al.
    Comments: 2 pages, to appear in the Proceed. of IAU Symp.232 "The Scientific Requirements for Extremely Large Telescopes", eds. P. Whitelock, B. Leibundgut, and M. Dennefeld

    Polucheno novoe ogranichenie na variaciyu postoyannoi tonkoi struktury. Predel Delta alpha/alpha < (-0.07+/-0.84)10^{-6} poluchen po nablyudeniyam spektral'nyh linii na z=1.15.


    obzor astro-ph/0512442 Astronomiya na Ukraine (Astronomy in Ukraine)
    Authors: Ya.V.Pavlenko et al.
    Comments: Paper to be published in `Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy'' -- Vol. 7, Ed. A. Heck, 2006, Springer, Dordrecht; 25 pages, 2 figs, 2 tables

    Neskol'ko paradnyi obzor sostoyaniya del v ukrainskoi astronomii.


    gr-qc/0507079 Prohodimost' chervotochiny Einshteina-Rozena za schet ispareniya (Evaporation induced traversability of the Einstein--Rosen wormhole)
    Authors: S. Krasnikov
    Comments: v.2 A bit of discussion has been added and a few references

    Krasnikov - odin iz samyh kompetentnyh specialistov po resheniyam v OTO, v kotoryh vozmozhno sushestvovanie mashiny vremeni. Eta stat'ya takzhe posvyashena peremesheniyu po chervotochinam.

    Pokazano, chto, esli s samogo nachala vo Vselennoi est' chervotochina, kotoraya isparyaetsya, to mozhno tak podobrat' parametry, chto vozniknet reshenie, v kotorom vozmozhna mashina vremeni.

    Razumeetsya, eto skoree matematicheskii rezul'tat, i govorit' o tom, chto okonchatel'no naiden put', kotoryi mozhet privodit' k puteshestviyam vo vremeni, ne prihoditsya. Tem ne menee ....


    hep-ph/0512187 Prosveshenie, znanie, nevezhestvo, iskushenie (Enlightenment, Knowledge, Ignorance, Temptation)
    Authors: Frank Wilczek
    Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures. Summary talk at ``Expectations of a Final Theory'', Trinity College, Cambridge, September 2005. v2: date of earlier conference corrected (2003->2001)

    Frank Vil'chek chasto vystupaet s interesnymi dokladami na "obshie temy". Vot ocherednoi. Pereskazyvat' ne budu - chitaite.


    physics/0512174 Lekciya Ettore Maiorana (Una lezione particolare di Ettore Majorana)
    Authors: S. Esposito
    Comments: 16 pages, in italian

    Predstavlena obnaruzhennaya rukopis' Ettore Maiorana, yavlyayushayasya lekciei, prochitannoi v universitete Neapolya. Tekst, razumeetsya, na ital'yanskom. Lekciya posvyashena kvantovoi mehanike.

    Vypusk 121. 01-10 dekabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0512204 Naskol'ko neveroyaten sudnyi den'? (How unlikely is a doomsday catastrophe?)
    Authors: Max Tegmark, Nick Bostrom
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 fig

    Skoree pessimisticheskaya zametka. Avtory pokazyvayut, chto vsyakie global'nye katastrofy bolee veroyatny, chem ocenivalos' ranee, t.k. avtory ne uchityvali tot prostoi effekt selekcii, chto my sami poka sushestvuem. Tem ne menee, avtory pokazyvayut, chto v blizhaishii milliard let mozhno osobenno ni o chem ne bespokoit'sya. Tochnee tak, bespokoit'sya mozhno hot' seichas, no veroyatnost' togo, chto chto-to proizoidet v 2006 g. sostavlyaet poryadka odnoi milliardnoi.


    physics/0512004 NIR detektorov chastic (Particle Detector R&D)
    Authors: M.V.Danilov
    Comments: Review Talk at the Lepton and Photon Symposium, Uppsala, 2005

    Opisany nauchno-issledovatel'skie razrabotki (NIR, angl. variant R&D - research and development) po sozdaniyu novyh detektorov elementarnyh chastic. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno kremnievomu fotoumnozhitelyu (Silicon Photomultiplier).

    Vypusk 120. 12-30 noyabrya 2005

    obzor astro-ph/0511803 Plotnaya plazma v astrofizike: ot planet-gigantov do neitronnyh zvezd (Dense plasmas in astrophysics: from giant planets to neutron stars)
    Authors: G. Chabrier et al.
    Comments: Invited Review, Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, Moscow June 2005; to appear in Journal of Physics A

    V odnom obzore udivitel'nym obrazom splelis' svoistva veshestva v nedrah planet-gigantov i v atmosferah neitronnyh zvezd.


    physics/0511130 Mezhdu svetom i glazom (Between light and eye: Goethe's science of color and the polar phenomenology of nature)
    Authors: Alex Kentsis
    Comments: 23 pages

    Kak izvestno, Gete razrabatyval original'nuyu teoriyu zreniya. Teoriya eta nahodilas' v zhestokom protivorechii s imevshimisya v to (da i vnastoyashee) vremya dannymi. T.e., poprostu govorya, bylo dostatochno ochevidno, chto ona neverna. Sprashivaetsya, pochemu zhe sam Gete tak za nee derzhalsya? Otvet vy naidete v stat'e, tochnee variant otveta.

    physics/0511135 Istinnoe nebesnoe poslanie (The Real Message in the Sky)
    Authors: Douglas Scott, J.P. Zibin
    Comments: Response to physics/0510102, 2 pages

    Pozvolyu sebe vol'no perevesti nazvanie raboty. Eto kratkii otvet na stat'yu physics/0510102, avtory kotoroi razvivayut mysl' o tom, chto Sozdatel' Vselennoi mog zashifrovat' soobshenie v parametrah mikrovolnovogo fona. V otvete raz'yasnyaetsya, chto detal'naya kartina fona zavisit ot polozheniya nablyudatelya i ot vremeni. T.e. shifrovat' kakoe-to soobshenie takim strannym sposobom ne stoilo. A istinno nebesnoe poslanie, zashifrovannoe v reliktovom fone - eto informaciya o rannei Vselennoi. V obshem, interesny primer argumentirovannoi kritiki specialistami sumasshedshei idei.

    Obratite vnimanie na blagodarnost' v stat'e!

    physics/0511106 Sravnenie indeksa Hirsha so standartnymi bibliometricheskimi indikatorami i s mneniyami recenzentov po 147 issledovatel'skim gruppam v himii (Comparison of the Hirsch-index with standard bibliometric indicators and with peer judgment for 147 chemistry research groups)
    Authors: Anthony F.J. van Raan
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

    Razlichnye avtory prodolzhayut testirovat' indeks Hirsha i sravnivat' ego s drugimi indikatorami nauchnoi produktivnosti. V dannoi stat'e rassmotreny gollandskie gruppy, rabotayushie v razlichnyh oblastyah himii. Sushestvenno, chto rech' idet imenno o nauchnyh gruppah, a ne ob otdel'nyh issledovatelyah.

    Avtor pokazyvaet, chto dlya bol'shih grupp s bol'shim potokom rabot vse indeksy vedut sebya shodnym obrazom. Dlya melkih grupp, kak polagaet avtor, standartnye indikatory podhodyat bol'she, chem indeks, predlozhennyi Hirshem.

    Vypusk 119. 29 oktyabrya - 11 noyabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0511057 Rasshirennyi glubokii obzor Chandra: opticheskie svoistva rentgenovskih istochnikov (The Extended Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: Optical Properties of X-ray Detected Sources)
    Authors: Shanil Virani et al.
    Comments: 2 pages, 4 figures; to be published in the proceedings of "The X-ray Universe 2005" conference, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain.

    Kratko (eto ne polnaya stat'ya, a korotkaya zametka dlya materialov konferencii) predstavleny rezul'taty po opticheskomu otozhdestvleniyu istochnikov, obnaruzhennyh v pole glubokogo obzora Chandry na yuzhnom nebe. Na ploshadke v 0.3 kvadratnyh gradusa obnaruzheny sotni istochnikov. Osobenno interesnym yavlyaetsya obnaruzhenie semi, dlya kotoryh ne udalos' obnaruzhit' opticheskih "dvoinikov" (t.e. v rentgene istochniki vidny, a v optike - net). Otmechu veroyatnost' togo, chto sredi etoi semerki mogut byt' odinochnye akkreciruyushie neitronnye zvezdy ili chernye dyry.


    physics/0511021 Dolgovremennye tendencii v chastote imen v Anglii i Uel'se (Long-Term Trends in Given Name Frequencies in England and Wales)
    Authors: Douglas A. Galbi
    Comments: Names: A Journal of Onomastic, v. 51, n. 4 (Dec. 2002) pp. 105-32

    Zabavnaya stat'ya, soderzhashaya statistiku imen v dvuh chastyah Velikobritanii za poslednyuyu tysyachu (!!!) let.

    physics/0511049 Sorevnovanie fizikov v modelirovanii yazykovoi konkurencii (Simulation of language competition by physicists)
    Authors: Christian Schulze, Dietrich Stauffer
    Comments: 15 page draft of review for Computing in Science and Engineering

    Ochen' hotelos' by, chtoby kto-to iz lingvistov napisal novost' po etoi rabote. Ideya vyglyadit ochen' interesnoi: neskol'ko nezavisimyh grupp fizikov modeliruyut rapredelenie yazykov po chislu nositelei, osnovyvayas' iznachal'no na prostyh ishodnyh dannyh, naprimer na dannyh o kommunikacii vysshih primatov.

    P.S. Kommentarii professionala mozhno naiti zdes': Elementy.Ru.

    physics/0511054 Ne takaya uzh i klassicheskaya mehanika - neozhdannye simmetrii v klassicheskom dvizhenii (Not so Classical Mechanics - Unexpected Symmetries of Classical Motion)
    Authors: James T. Wheeler
    Comments: Einstein Centennial Review Article, 48 pages, Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol 83 (February, 2005) pp 91 -138

    Daetsya obzor novyh rezul'tatov i razrabatyvaemyh problem v klassicheskoi mehanike.

    physics/0511067 Vselennaya - eto strannoe mesto (The Universe is a Strange Place)
    Authors: Frank Wilczek
    Comments: Public lecture delivered at Lepton-Photon 2005, Uppsala, Sweden, and in related forms on several other occasions. To be published in the Proceedings. 14 pages, 6 figures

    Populyarnaya lekciya nedavnego nobelevskogo laureata. Posvyashena ona stroeniyu veshestva, simmetriyam, otkryvshimsya fizikam pri issledovanii stroeniya veshestva, i novym voprosam, svyazyvayushim stroenie mikro- i makrokosma.

    Vypusk 117. 01-17 oktyabrya 2005

    physics/0510044 Neitronnaya fizika v nachale 30-h (Neutron physics in the early 1930s)
    Authors: Alberto De Gregorio
    Comments: 64 pages, 2 figures. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, 35,2 (2005), pp. 293-340

    Istoricheskaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya neitronnoi fizike na ee zare. V osnovnom rech' idet o rabotah Fermi v Rime.

    Vypusk 116. 11 sentyabrya - 30 sentyabrya 2005

    astro-ph/0509268 Kosmicheskie puteshestviya v dalekom budushem (The Long-Term Future of Space Travel)
    Authors: Jeremy S. Heyl
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

    Avtor (izvestnyi astrofizik, rabotayushii seichas v Kanade; mnogim, veroyatno, izvestny ego raboty po magnitaram) rassmatrivaet gipoteticheskie perspektivy poletov na bol'shie rasstoyaniya s uchetom uskoreniya rasshireniya Vselennoi. Konechno, interes tut chisto akademicheskii, no mozhet komu-to iz fantastov, kto eshe ne naigralsya s rassuzhdeniyami o pereletah na kosmologicheskie rasstoyaniya, eto budet interesno. Krome togo, eto bezuslovno interesno kak zadacha po kosmologii.


    Vypusk 115. 30 avgusta - 10 sentyabrya 2005

    physics/0509048 Modificirovannyi indeks dlya ocenki individual'nogo vklada uchenogo (Modified index to quantify individual's scientific research output)
    Authors: Pablo Diniz Batista, Monica Guimaraes Campiteli, Osame Kinouchi, Alexandre Souto Martinez
    Comments: 3 pages, 4 figures and 1 table

    Avtory podmetili, chto predlozhennyi Hirshem indeks korreliruet s chislom soavtorov stat'i. Sootvetstvenno, predlagaetsya modifikaciya indeksa. Krome togo, provoditsya analiz brazil'skoi nauki otdel'no po chetyrem oblastyam znanii.

    Vypusk 114. 08-29 avgusta 2005

    physics/0508146 Kak privesti nauku v shkoly s pomosh'yu astronomii. Proekt ASTRO. (Bringing Science into Schools through Astronomy. Project ASTRO, Tucson)
    Authors: Caroline Barban, Herve Dole
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 images, proceedings of the JENAM 2005 (Liege) parallel session on education.

    Avtory rasskazyvayut o svoem opyte raboty v shkolah Ameriki i Francii. 10-letnie shkol'niki v sotrudnichestve s astronomami-professionalami realizovyvali proekty po Solnechnoi sisteme, gelioseismologii i galaktikam. Avtory schitayut, chto opyt byl bolee chem polozhitel'nyi, i deti uzhe v dostatochno rannem vozraste soprikosnulis' s nastoyashei naukoi.

    physics/0508179 Koncepciya renormalizacii v fizike (Concepts of Renormalization in Physics)
    Authors: Jean Alexandre
    Comments: 13 pages, qualitative introduction, Science Progress 88(1): 1 (2005)

    physics/0508183 Menee protorennaya doroga: netradicionnye puti "nesti astronomiyu v massy" (The Road Less Traveled: Non-traditional Ways of Communicating Astronomy with the Public)
    Authors: Michael J. West
    Comments: Invited talk to appear in Communicating Astronomy with the Public 2005, eds. E.I. Robson and L.L. Christensen, 2005, ESA/Hubble Publishing, in press; 10 pages, 5 figures, pdf only

    physics/0508199 Izbrannye istorii ob effekte ozhidaniya (A selected history of expectation bias in physics)
    Authors: Monwhea Jeng
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures

    Ya perevel expectation bias kak effekt ozhidaniya. Vozmozhno, chto eto ne luchshii variant perevoda, no, na moi vzglyad, on peredaet sut'. A sut' v tom, chto, provodya eksperiment, nacelennyi na poluchenie nekotorogo ozhidaemogo rezul'tata (sleduyushego iz strogoi teorii, ili prosto iz predrassudkov), eksperimentatory zachastuyu imenno etot rezul'tat i poluchayut v rezul'tate kakoi-to oshibki. Oshibka ne obnaruzhivaetsya bystro, t.k. eksperimentatory okazyvayutsya udovletvorennymi rezul'tatami opyta, nahodishimisya v sootvetstvii s ozhidaniyami.

    Avtor privodit v svoei stat'e neskol'ko interesnyh primerov takogo effekta ozhidaniya.

    Vypusk 113. 01-08 avgusta 2005

    physics/0508025 Indeks, kolichestvenno opisyvayushii individual'nye nauchnye rezul'taty ( An index to quantify an individual's scientific output)
    Authors: J.E. Hirsch
    Comments: 4 pages

    Predlagaetsya indeks, opisyvayushii, po mneniyu avtora, nauchnyi vklad individual'nogo issledovatelya. Ocenka osnovana na indekse citirovaniya. Chislo poluchaetsya vot kak. Ischislyaetsya velichina h, kotoraya pokazyvaet chislo statei u dannogo avtora s indeksom citirovaniya bol'she chem h. Naprimer, u Vittena h=109. t.e. Vitten imeet 109 statei s indeksom citirovaniya bolee 109. Dlya primera, u vashego pokornogo slugi etot indeks menee 10.


    Risunok daet naglyadnoe predstavlenie ob indekse h

    Ochevidno, chto indeks ne budet vysokim u cheloveka, napisavshego odnu superstat'yu, ili u cheloveka, napisavshego mnogo statei s nebol'shim indeksom (hotya obychnyi indeks citirovaniya budet vysokim).

    Bezuslovno, novyi indeks ne lishen nedostatkov. Odnako, kak dopolnenie, skazhem, k obychnomu indeksu, on budet neploh. Skazhem, esli vam nado vybrat' iz N uchenyh top-m. Togda logichno otobrat' 2m s naibol'shim obychnym indeksom, a sredi nih uzhe m s bolee vysokim h.

    Pozvolim sebe v zaklyuchenie vypuska sdelat' nebol'shuyu vstavku. Delo v tom, chto vysheukazannyi sposob ocenki raboty uchenogo, kak i mnogie drugie, ne vklyuchaet dinamiki aktivnosti, t.e. ocenivaetsya nekotoryi integral'nyi vklad, a vremya vypolneniya vazhnyh rabot nikak ne uchityvaetsya. Mozhno, konechno, brat' indeks citiruemosti za kakoi-to period, ili smotret' indeks statei, opublikovannyh ne bolee zadannogo vremeni nazad. Odnako, esli zadavat' eti harakternye vremena rukami (i brat' ih ravnymi dlya vseh), to ocenka poluchitsya ne ochen' horoshei. Bylo by vazhno pridumat', kak mozhno ocenit' harakternoe vremya, individual'noe dlya kazhdogo uchenogo.

    Mozhno bylo by, naprimer, ocenivat' minimal'nuyu velichinu promezhutka vremeni (min Δ t), za kotoroe poyavilis' stat'i, otvetstvennye za 1/2 polnogo indeksa citirovaniya (IC) dannogo uchenogo. Eta velichina pokazyvala by na kakom promezhutke avtor vnes svoi osnovnoi vklad. Eto mogla by byt' "boldinskaya osen'" (sr, takzhe s 1905 g. u Einshtena), t.e. za korotkii period avtor delaet edva li ne vse svoi vazhneishie publikacii. V etom sluchae min Δ t budet ochen' nebol'shim. Naoborot, bol'shoe min Δ t budet u cheloveka, kotoryi na protyazhenii znachitel'noi chasti svoei kar'ery publikoval vazhnye raboty. Esli vmeste s etim parametrom rassmotret' promezhutok vremeni, otdelyayushii nas ot okonchaniya perioda aktivnosti (tgap, to my poluchim neplohoe opisanie togo, kak davno okonchilsya (esli uzhe okonchilsya) period naibolee produktivnoi raboty (malen'kaya velichina min Δ t pri bol'shom tgap svidetel'stvuet o tom, chto osnovnye raboty dannogo uchenogo uzhe v otnositel'no dalekom proshlom).

    Odnako zdes' hotelos' by predlozhit' druguyu ocenku, kotoraya, naskol'ko mne izvestno, ne predlagalas' ranee. Vvedem vremya th. Eta velichina pokazyvaet za kakoe vremya (schitaya ot nastoyashego momenta v proshloe) byli opublikovany raboty, otvetstvennye za 1/2 polnogo IC. Naprimer, u uchenogo, publikuyushego s postoyannym tempom raboty, kotorye v nastoyashee vremya imeyut odinakovyi indeks citirovaniya, th budet ravno polovine ego nauchnoi kar'ery. Esli zhe uchenyi uzhe davno opublikoval svoi samye citiruemye rezul'taty, to th budet bol'shim (prakticheski ravnym prodolzhitel'nosti kar'ery). Naoborot, esli issledovatel' sovsem nedavno sdelal rezul'tat, poluchivshii vseobshee priznanie (chto vyrazilos' v bol'shom IC stat'i), to vremya th budet nebol'shim. Otmechu, chto dazhe esli uchenyi na zare svoei kar'ery opublikoval superrezul'tat, posleduyushaya aktivnaya rabota smozhet sdelat' th dostatochno korotkim. T.o. udaetsya dlya kazhdogo uchenogo sdelat' ocenku ego individual'nogo harakternogo vremeni nauchnoi aktivnosti.

    Teper', ispol'zuya eto vremya th , my mozhem uchest' i polnyi IC. Horoshei ocenkoi budet Nt=IC/2th. Eto kolichestvo ssylok, usrednennoe po individual'nomu harakternomu vremeni. Korotkoe th svidetel'stvuet o tom, chto issledovatel' v nedavnem proshlom publikoval vazhnye rezul'taty. Odnako, esli u dvuh uchenyh vremena th ravny, to velichina Nt budet bol'she u togo, u kogo bol'she polnoe kolichestvo ssylok. I naoborot, pri ravnom chisle ssylok preimushestvo budet u togo, kto vnes osnovnoi vklad nedavno.

    Seichas v svyazi s obsuzhdeniem reformy nauki uchenye i chinovniki nachinayut aktivnee obrashat' vnimanie na naukometricheskie pokazateli. Nadeyus', chto dlya kriticheskoi ocenki vklada uchenyh budet ispol'zovat'sya odin parametr, a ih nabor. Vozmozhno i velichiny Nt i th naidut sebe primenenie.

    Vypusk 111. 01-21 iyulya 2005

    physics/0507092 Nauka, tehnologii i obshestvo (Science,technology and society)
    Authors: G. Giacomelli, R. Giacomelli
    Comments: 8 pages, Lecture at the 7th School on Non-Accelerator Astroparticle Physics, Trieste,Italy,2004

    Dostatochno trivial'noe esse na temu vzaimootnoshenii nauki i obshestva. Odnako, nesmotrya na trivial'nost', mnogim ono mozhet pokazat'sya nebezinteresnym.

    physics/0507132 Oruzhie na antiveshestve (1946-1986) (Antimatter weapons (1946-1986): From Fermi and Teller's speculations to the first open scientific publications)
    Authors: Andre Gsponer, Jean-Pierre Hurni
    Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures. The World Scientist (New Delhi, India, 1987) 74--77, and in Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 19 (Oslo,1988) 444--450

    Rasskaz o rabotah po antiveshestvu (v osnovnom po antiprotonam) v prilozhenii k sozdaniyu sverhmoshnogo oruzhiya.

    Vypusk 110. 15-30 iyunya 2005

    gr-qc/0506075 Obshaya teoriya otnositel'nosti dlya studentov (General Relativity in the Undergraduate Physics Curriculum)
    Authors: James B. Hartle
    Comments: 9 pages, 2 figures, revtex4

    Obychno na mladshih kursah obshaya teoriya otnositel'nosti prakticheski ne zatragivaetsya (dazhe na fizicheskih special'nostyah). V dannoi zametke avtor obsuzhdaet pochemu eto vse-taki nado delat', i kak luchshe podoiti k izlozheniyu materiala.

    Vypusk 109. 01-14 iyunya 2005

    physics/0506051 Kolichestvennyi i sociologicheskii analiz setei blogov (Quantitive and sociological analysis of blog networks)
    Authors: Wiktor Bachnik et al.
    Comments: 14 pages, 17 figures

    Analiz bloggerskih setei proveden na primerah treh pol'skih saitov.

    physics/0506056 Statistika citirovaniya v Physical Review za 110 let (Citation Statistics from 110 Years of Physical Review)
    Authors: S. Redner
    Comments: Physics Today 58, 49 (2005)

    Statistika citirovaniya, nalichie zakonomernostei v nei, dannye kak dlya otdel'nyh lyudei, tak i dlya zhurnalov, privlekayut vse bol'shee (inogda nezasluzhennoe) vnimanie. Sovremennye bazy dannyh pozvolyayut poluchat' odnorodnuyu inofrmaciyu po otdel'nyh zhurnalam. V stat'e privedeny dannye po Physical Review za ogromnyi (s tochki zreniya tempov razvitiya nauki) promezhutok vremeni.

    physics/0506108 Determinizm i indeterminizm (Determinism and Indeterminism)
    Authors: Robert C. Bishop
    Comments: Entry to appear in the Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Second Edition to be published in December 2005

    Obzor proyavlenii determinizma i indeterminizma v fizicheskih teoriyah, napisannyi dlya filosofskoi enciklopedii.

    Vypusk 108. 20-31 maya 2005

    physics/0505172 Aristotel' i Gautama o logike i fizike (Aristotle and Gautama on Logic and Physics)
    Authors: Subhash Kak
    Comments: 16 pages

    Neskol'ko raz my rasskazyvali o rabotah etogo avtora. V nekotorom smysle my vse znaem, chto Indiya - rodina slonov. Tem ne menee interesno pochitat' pro primery poyavleniya ochen' rannih obsuzhdenii kakih-to voprosov v drevnih indiiskih istochnikah. Na etot raz rech' idet o rabotah 6-go veka do nashei ery, posvyashennyh formal'noi logike.

    physics/0505195 Kak klarnetisty ispol'zuyut rechevoi trakt dlya raznoobraznyh effektov (How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects)
    Authors: Claudia Fritz, Joe Wolfe
    Comments: Subj-class: Classical Physics

    Interesnaya tema dlya stat'i - ispol'zovanie rezonansov v rechevom trakte dlya dostizheniya interesnyh zvukovyh effektov pri igre na klarnete!

    Vypusk 107. 11-19 maya 2005

    physics/0505117 Mul'tifraktal'nye "otpechatki pal'cev" v zhivopisi (Multifractal Fingerprints in the Visual Arts)
    Authors: J. R. Mureika, G. C. Cupchik, C. C. Dyer
    Comments: 13 pages, 8 ps figures; Leonardo 37 (1), 53-56 (February 2004)

    Avtory obsuzhdayut kak s pomosh'yu mul'tifraktal'nogo analiza mozhno vyyavlyat' podlinnost' poloten hudozhnikov, rabotavshih v manere "zhestikulyacionnogo ekspressionizma" (gestural expressionism).

    Vypusk 106. 01-10 maya 2005

    astro-ph/0505005 Antropnyi princip i prodolzhitel'nost' kosmologicheskogo proshlogo (The Anthropic Principle and the Duration of the Cosmological Past)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: 45 pages, 1 figure

    Stat'ei pod schastlivym nomerom 0505005 okazalsya ocherednoi opus Milana Cirkovicha. Dannaya tematika vsegda vyzyvaet interes, poetomu s chistym serdcem rekomenduem stat'yu k prochteniyu.

    Sm. takzhe druguyu svezhuyu rabotu etogo avtora Too Early? On the Apparent Conflict of Astrobiology and Cosmology.


    astro-ph/0505017 Novye ogranicheniya na modeli MOND po skopleniyam galaktik (New constraints on MOND from galaxy clusters)
    Authors: Etienne Pointecouteau, Joseph Silk
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, MNRAS submitted

    Napomnim, chto MOND - Modified Newtonian Dynamics - schitaetsya al'ternativoi modeli temnoi materii. MOND v pervuyu ochered' prilagaetsya k krivym vrasheniya galaktik. Odnako est' i drugie nablyudatel'nye dannye, kotorye nado ob'yasnyat' (zametim, chto model' temnoi materii prekrasno s nimi spravlyaetsya).

    Avtory issleduyut ogranicheniya na model' MOND po dannym o skopleniyah galaktik. Pokazano, gde MOND vstrechaetsya s ser'eznymi trudnostyami. Eto skopleniya galaktik s ochen' goryachim gazom vnutri.

    Otmetim takzhe druguyu stat'yu s uchastiem Etienne Pointecouteau "Modeling the formation of galaxy clusters in MOND". V nei rech' idet o modelirovanii obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik v scenariyah s modelyami MOND. Rezul'taty sravnenii s nablyudeniyami takzhe govoryat o problemah sootvetstvuyushei teorii.


    obzor gr-qc/0504116 Nablyudatel'nye osnovy relyativistskoi gravitacii (Empirical Foundations of Relativistic Gravity)
    Authors: Wei-Tou Ni
    Comments: 18 pages; International Journal of Modern Physics D, in press (World Scientific, 2005); 100 Years of Gravity and Accelerated Frames--The Deepest Insights of Einstein and Yang-Mills (Ed. J. P. Hsu and D. Fine, in press, World Scientific, 2005)

    Obzor posvyashen nablyudatel'nym osnovam OTO. Na nash vzglyad osobyi interes predstavlyaet chast', gde rech' idet o novyh dannyh, poluchennyh za poslednie neskol'ko let so sputnikov. Obsuzhdayutsya takzhe sputnikovye proekty, kotorye nachnut rabotu v samom blizhaishem budushem.


    astro-ph/0505090 Nablyudeniya na VLT/UVES pokazyvayut otsutstvie variacii postoyannoi tonkogo vzaimodeistviya (VLT/UVES shows no cosmological variability of alpha)
    Authors: P. Molaro, M. Centurion, S. D'Odorico, S. Levshakov
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 postscript figure

    Dano kratkoe izlozhenie vazhnogo otricatel'nogo rezul'tata: dannye noveishih nablyudenii pokazyvayut, chto poka ne udalos' obnaruzhit' variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury po nablyudeniyam spektrov vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov.


    physics/0505027 Princip otnositel'nosti Uaitheda - neopublikovannaya lekciya J. L. Synge (Whitehead's Principle of Relativity - Unpublished Lectures by J. L. Synge, FRS)
    Authors: John Coleman
    Comments: 46 pages including controversial remarks by Editor, John Coleman in Preface; Prof. Synge's Lectures; Appendix A, Limb Effect; Appendix B, Six Figures

    Stat'ya soderzhit (krome TeHovskih opechatok i t.p.; stranic na samom dele 54) neopublikovannuyu lekciyu John L. Synge, prochitannuyu v 1951 godu. Posvyashena ona staroi al'ternative einshteinovskoi teorii, predlozhennoi Uaithedom. Navernoe, mnogim eto budet nebezinteresno.

    physics/0505042 Zenon i sovremennaya nauka (Zeno meets modern science)
    Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
    Comments: 40 pages, LaTeX, 10 figures

    Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya paradoksam Zenona na novyi lad. V chastnosti, obsuzhdayutsya kvantovye versii paradoksa.

    physics/0505065 LevelScheme: shema ihobrazhenii urovnei i podgotovka nauchnyh illyustracii v Mathematica (LevelScheme: A level scheme drawing and scientific figure preparation system for Mathematica)
    Authors: M. A. Caprio
    Comments: LaTeX (RevTeX), 10 pages, to be published in Comput. Phys. Commun., associated files available from this http URL

    Opisany nekotorye procedury, pomogayushie sozdaniyu nauchnyh illyustracii v pakete Matematika.

    Vypusk 105. 21-30 aprelya 2005

    astro-ph/0504486 E = mc^2 Bez otnositel'nosti (E = mc^2 Without Relativity)
    Authors: Andrew Gould
    Comments: 4 pages + 1 figure. To be submitted to ApJ

    Eto ne populyarnaya stat'ya!

    Avtor (izvestnyi astrofizik) pokazyvaet, chto znamenitoe E=mc2 mozhno bylo by poluchit' za neskol'ko desyatiletii do Einshteina, t.k. avtoru udalos' naiti vyvod etoi formuly bez ispol'zovaniya relyativizma.

    Bylo by interesno uvidet' obsuzhdenie etoi raboty na forumah.


    physics/0504179 Einshtein i Gilbert: Sozdanie Obshei teorii otnositel'nosti (Einstein and Hilbert: The Creation of General Relativity)
    Authors: Ivan T. Todorov
    Comments: Colloquium talk; 15 pages

    V etom godu budet mnogo statei, posvyashennyh tvorchestvu Al'berta Einshteina. V etoi obsuzhdaetsya istoriya sozdaniya OTO, i v chastnosti rol' Gil'berta v razrabotke OTO.

    physics/0504186 Nauchnaya kul'tura i ee rol' v mezhdunarodnyh otnosheniyah (Scientific Culture and Its Role in International Negotiations)
    Authors: Klaus L. Gottstein
    Comments: 16 pages; In: Gunnar Sjostedt (Ed.), Professional Cultures in International Negotiation. Bridge or Rift? Lexington Books, Lanham Boulder NewYork Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-7391-0638-4

    Uchenye v politike. Dovol'no interesnaya tema!

    physics/0504201 O doktorskoi dissertacii Einshteina (On Einstein's Doctoral Thesis)
    Authors: Norbert Straumann
    Comments: 12 pages, Colloquium of ETH and University of Zurich

    Sobstvenno, osnovu dissertacii sostavila odna iz pyati rabot, blagodarya kotorym etot god nazvan Godom Fiziki. Eto issledovanie bylo posvyasheno fizike molekul, v pervuyu ochered' diffuzii.

    Vypusk 104. 11-20 aprelya 2005

    kniga physics/0504062 Relyativistskaya kvantovaya dinamika (Relativistic Quantum Dynamics: A non-traditional perspective on space, time, particles, fields, and action-at-a-distance)
    Authors: Eugene V. Stefanovich
    Comments: book, 469 pages, 38 figures, 15 tables

    Vozmozhno, komu-to budet interesno poznakomitsya s netradicionnym, no horosho prorabotannym vzglyadom na problemy kvantovoi mehaniki.

    S biografiei i drugimi rabotami Stefanovicha mozhno poznakomit'sya na etom saite.


    physics/0504092 Kosmofizicheskie effekty v strukture gistogramm al'fa-raspada Plutoniya 239 (Cosmo-physical effects in structure of the daily and yearly periods of change in the shape of the histograms constructed by results of measurements of alpha-activity Pu-239)
    Authors: S.E.Shnoll, K.I.Zenchenko, N.V.Udaltsova
    Comments: 15 pages, 10 figures

    Navernyaka mnogie slyshali o rabotah gruppy Shnolya (byla i stat'ya v UFN, i vystuplenie u Gordona, i mnogochislennye seminary...). Napomnyu, chto sut' svoditsya k obnaruzheniyu podobiya diagramm razlichnyh processov (naprimer, radioaktivnogo raspada) pri nablyudenii v udalennyh tochkah (raznye goroda), a takzhe k shodstvu v izmeneniyah posledovatel'nostei diagramm.

    Reakciya na eti raboty dostatochno neodnoznachnaya. Na moi vzglyad, osnovnaya problema v tom, chto otbor "pohozhih" diagramm proizvoditsya na glaz.

    Po dannoi stat'e mozhno poznakomitsya s sovremennym sostoyaniem issledovanii gruppy Shnolya.


    physics/0504094 Matematicheskaya teoriya citirovaniya (A mathematical theory of citing)
    Authors: M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury
    Comments:

    Eti avtory uzhe neodnokratno obrashalis' k teme citirovaniya nauchnyh rabot. Ideya ih sostoit v tom, chto znachitel'naya dolya citirovanii svyazana ne s izucheniem original'nyh rabot, a so "sluchainym" vypisyvaniem ssylok iz drugih rabot.

    V novoi stat'e avtory modificiruyut svoyu model' "sluchainogo citirovaniya". Oni po-prezhnemu nastaivayut na svoem rezul'tate, chto mnogie iz horosho citiruemyh rabot popali "na vershinu" v nekotorom smysle sluchaino. T.e. raboty-to zasluzhennye, tol'ko vmesto nih mogli "vzletet'" kakie-to drugie blizkie po soderzhaniyu stat'i. Zato i u horoshih, no malocitiruemyh rabot (avtory nazyvayut ih "spyashimi krasavicami") est' shans popast' "na vershinu", esli oni sami popadut v "volnu".

    Vypusk 103. 01-10 aprelya 2005

    physics/0504034 O Gugl'-slave uchenyh i drugih populyacii (On the Google-Fame of Scientists and Other Populations)
    Authors: James P. Bagrow, Daniel ben-Avraham
    Comments: 6 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the 8th Granada seminar on Computational Physics

    My narochito doslovno pereveli zaglavie stat'i. Tak ono zvuchit zabavnee, chto otrazhaet nashe otnoshenie k samoi idee stat'i.

    Eto vtoraya stat'ya etih avtorov (pervaya - cond-mat/0310049). Ideya ih zaklyuchalas' v tom, chto ustanovit' stepen' izvestnosti uchenogo mozhno, zadav v kakoi-nibud' poiskovoi sisteme ego imya plyus oblast' issledovanii. Ideya zabavnaya, tol'ko vot rabotaet ona, pozhalui, ili dlya redkih familii, ili dlya deistvitel'no izvestnyh uchenyh, odnofamil'cy kotoryh zavedomo menee izvestny (a togda - chto iskat'? otvet i tak izvesten). Yasno, chto takoi poisk dlya kitaiskih uchenyh, k primeru, prosto bespolezen. Da i u nas ... Odnih Sergeev Popovyh i Mihailov Prohorovyh (i v Dume, i v Forbse ... i v nauke)... "Da malo li v Brazilii Pedrov? I ne soschitat'!"

    Vtoraya stat'ya kak raz i poluchilas' u avtorov bolee skepticheskoi chem pervaya. V obshem i tak bylo yasno, chto nikakih chetkih zaklyuchenii sdelat' nel'zya.

    Vypusk 102. 21-31 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503519 Vliyanie astro-ph na citirovanie v osnovnyh zhurnalah (The Rise and Citation Impact of astro-ph in Major Journals)
    Authors: Travis S. Metcalfe
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, accepted for publication in BAAS

    Pokazano, chto razmeshenie stat'i v Arhive preprintov primerno vdvoe povyshaet ee citiruemost'. T.o., dazhe esli stat'ya publikuetsya v izvestnom zhurnale, chitayut ee v osnovnom vse ravno v Arhive!

    Risknem predpolozhit', chto v nedalekom budushem za zhurnalami ostanetsya v osnovnom recenzionnaya funkciya, a chitat' stat'i budut v svobodnyh arhivah (ili zhe zhurnaly budut gorazdo shire otkryvat' dostup k elektronnym versiyam svoih statei pri nalichii kakih-to centralizovannyh mest dlya anonsov poyavivshihsya statei).


    astro-ph/0503520 Mozhet li zhizn' poyavitsya vblizi krasnyh gigiantov? (Can Life develop in the expanded habitable zones around Red Giant Stars?)
    Authors: Bruno Lopez, Jean Schneider, William C. Danchi
    Comments: 30 pages

    Stadiya giganta dostatochno skorotechna - ona sostavlyaet menee 10 procentov zhizni zvezdy. Tem ne menee, dlya zvezd s massoi poryadka massy Solnca sushestvovanie "poyasa zhizni" (opredelyaemogo v pervuyu ochered' vozmozhnost' sushestvovaniya zhidkoi vody) na stadii krasnogo giganta sostavlyaet sotni millionov let. T.k. est' ukazaniya, chto zhizn' na Zemle poyavilas' menee chem za milliard let, to razumno obsudit' perspektivy obnaruzheniya zhizni (konechno, v primitivnyh formah) vokrug krasnyh gigantov, chto avtory i delayut.


    gr-qc/0503097 Chervotochiny i puteshestviya vo vremeni? Vryad li (Wormholes and Time Travel? Not Likely)
    Authors: Leonard Susskind
    Comments: 6 pages

    Rassmatrivayutsya nekotorye aspekty vozmozhnostei peremesheniya cherez t.n. Chervotochiny (Wormholes). Avtor pokazyvaet, chto soobshenie cherez takoi tonnel' budet narushat' dva fundamental'nyh fizicheskih principa: lokal'noe sohranenie energii i princip neopredelennosti (v primenenii k pare vremya-energiya). T.o., zaklyuchaet Sasskind, v ramkah izvestnoi fiziki sozdanie mashiny vremeni vryad li vozmozhno.


    astro-ph/0503625 Klimaticheskie i biohimicheskie effekty galakticheskih gamma-vspleskov (Climatic and Biogeochemical Effects of a Galactic Gamma-Ray Burst)
    Authors: Adrian L. Melott et al.
    Comments: 13 pages

    Po sovremennym ocenkam gamma-vspleski proishodyat v Galaktike raz v desyatki tysyach let. Iz-za napravlennosti izlucheniya na Zemle galakticheskie vspleski byli by vidny primerno raz v neskol'ko millionov let. Nebol'shaya dolya iz nih mogla by byt' dostochno blizkimi, chtoby ser'ezno vozdeistvovat' na zemnuyu biosferu. Tem takih sobytii ocenivaetsya primerno raz v milliard let.

    Avtory rassmatrivayut posledstviya blizkogo gamma-vspleska, i privodyat argumenty v pol'zu togo, chto odna iz katastrof v zemnoi istorii mogla byt' svyazana s podobnym sobytiem.


    physics/0503181 Nauchnaya eshatologiya (Scientific Eschatology)
    Authors: H.Pierre Noyes, James Lindesay
    Comments: 22 pages

    Prakticheski "filosofskoe" esse o budushem vselennoi i cheloveka s tochki zreniya sovremennoi nauki.


    obzor physics/0503235 Verner Geizenberg (1901-1976) (Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976))
    Authors: Ivan Todorov
    Comments: Lecture at a Conference, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the re-establishment of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Sofia, Bulgaria, October 2003.

    Nebol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya Geizenbergu. Avtor rasskazyvaet ne tol'ko o ego nauchnyh rabotah, no i o slozhnyh perepetiyah ego zhizni.


    Vypusk 101. 11-20 marta 2005

    astro-ph/0503306 Lednikovye periody i put' Solnca v Galaktike (Ice Age Epochs and the Sun's Path Through the Galaxy)
    Authors: D. R. Gies, J. W. Helsel
    Comments: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

    Avtory rasschitali traektoriyu dvizheniya Solnca v Galaktike na protyazhenii poslednih 500 millionov let. Konechno, takie raschety provodilis' i ran'she. Prosto zdes' avtory ispol'zovali bolee tochnye dannye, poluchennye blagodarya rabote proekta Hipparcos. V chastnosti, avtory opredelili momenty prohozhdeniya Solncem spiral'nyh rukavov. Pokazano, chto eto sovpadaet s holodnymi epohami v istorii zemnogo klimata. Avtory vidyat podtverzhdenie rabot, svyazannyh s vliyaniem potoka kosmicheskih luchei na formirovanie oblachnogo pokrova Zemli.


    physics/0503084 Kurs fiziki Ettore Maiorany: nedavnee otkrytie (Ettore Majorana's course on Theoretical Physics: a recent discovery)
    Authors: A. Drago, S. Esposito
    Comments: 16 pages, 2 figures

    Proveden analiz kursa fiziki, prochitannogo Ettore Maioranoi v 1938 g. v universitete Neapolya nezadolgo do ego tainstvennogo ischeznoveniya. V chastnosti, proanalizirovan i "Moreno Paper" - spisok polnogo kursa, vklyuchayushii v sebya 6 lekcii, otsutstvuyushih v hranilishe dokumentov v Pize.

    Vypusk 100. 01-10 marta 2005

    lekcii gr-qc/0502110 Fenomenologicheskaya kvantovaya gravitaciya (Phenomenological Quantum Gravity)
    Authors: Dagny Kimberly, Joao Magueijo
    Comments: Lectures given at XI BSCG

    Lekcii, posvyashennye oblasti, lezhashei mezhdu sovsem uzh teoreticheskoi (prakticheski, matematicheskoi) fizikoi i nablyudeniyami (v pervuyu ochered' kosmologicheskimi). Poskol'ku eto ne special'nyi obzor, a lekcii, prochitannye na shkole, to izlozhenie bolee dostupno, chem mozhet byt' nekotorye ozhidayut. Hotya, konechno, eto i ne chtenie dlya metro.

    Krome bolee-menee standartnyh idei i podhodov avtory obsuzhdayut i nekotorye radikal'nye idei. V lekciyah takzhe zatronuty takie oblasti, svyazannye s diskussiyami v svyazi s perspektivoi sozdaniya kvantovoi gravitacii, kak kosmicheskie luchi sverhvysokih energiya i variacii konstant.

    physics/0503046 Perevod popytki Einshteina postroit' Edinuyu Teoriyu Polya (Translation of Einstein's Attempt of a Unified Field Theory with Teleparallelism)
    Authors: Alexander Unzicker, Timothy Case
    Comments: 4 translated articles, 23 pages

    Predstavlen perevod na angliiskii chetyreh statei Einshteina, v kotoryh sdelana popytka postroeniya Edinoi Teorii Polya.


    physics/0503069 Izobrazheniya v novogodnih sharikah (Images in Christmas Balls)
    Authors: Eef van Beveren, Frieder Kleefeld, George Rupp
    Comments: 13 pages, 7 figures plain LaTeX

    Stat'ya napominaet publikovavshiesya v zhurnale Kvant. Navernoe, ona budet polezna prepodavatelyam fiziki, kotorye hotyat podrobnee razobrat' temu sfericheskih zerkal.

    Vypusk 99. 15-28 fevralya 2005

    physics/0502117 Chasy na holodnyh atomah i ih prilozheniya (Cold atom Clocks and Applications)
    Authors: S. Bize et al.
    Comments: 30 pages, 11 figures

    Otlichnaya populyarnaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya sovremennyh chasam vysokoi tochnosti i priurochennaya k stoletnemu yubileyu STO. Krome opisaniya metodik takzhe opisany kosmicheskie eksperimenty so standartami chastoty.


    obzor physics/0502123 Anomaliya Pionerov: spisok problem (Study of the Pioneer Anomaly: A Problem Set)
    Authors: Slava G. Turyshev, Michael Martin Nieto, John D. Anderson
    Comments: 14 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables

    Podrobneishee, no pri etom ponyatnoe i dostupnoe, izlozhenie suti "anomalii Pionerov". Privoditsya mnogo informacii po sputnikam i ih poletu. Osnovnoe: daetsya spisok vozmozhnyh reshenii anomalii i obsuzhdayutsya problemy kazhdogo iz predlozhennyh variantov resheniya zagadki. Takzhe, razumeetsya, privedeny ssylki na vse osnovnye raboty po etoi teme. Rekomenduem!

    Vypusk 98. 01-14 fevralya 2005

    cond-mat/0502053 100 let brounovskomu dvizheniyu (100 Years of Brownian motion)
    Authors: Peter Hnggi, Fabio Marchesoni
    Comments: Submitted to CHAOS as the introduction to the special issue `100 Years of Brownian Motion''

    Napomnim, chto 2005 g. ob'yavlen "Godom Fiziki" blagodarya 100-letnemu yubileyu serii rabot Einshteina. Konechno, v pervuyu ochered' vse vspominayut raboty, sostavivshie special'nuyu teoriyu otnositel'nosti (uzhe tut otmetim tonkost' v nazvanii - bolee pravil'nyi perevod - chastnaya teoriya otnositel'nosti). Navernoe, vo vtoruyu ochered' vspominayut rabotu po fotoeffektu (v konce koncov imenno za nee byla prisuzhdena Nobelevskaya premiya). Odnako togda zhe vyshla i rabota, posvyashennaya brounovskomu dvizheniyu. (Zdes' stoit vspomnit' vtoruyu tonkost', pravil'nee bylo by braunovskoe.)

    Dannaya stat'ya yavlyaetsya vvedeniem k yubileinomu tomu, posvyashennomu 100-letnemu yubileyu teorii brounovskogo dvizheniya. Sootvetstvenno, stat'ya ochen' dostupna i soderzhit dostatochno obshie rassuzhdeniya o vazhnosti raboty Einshteina, o dal'neishem razvitii teorii i t.p.


    obzor physics/0502065 Kalorimetry v astrofizike i fizike elementarnyh chastic (Calorimeters in Astro and Particle physics)
    Authors: Klaus Pretzl
    Comments: 23 pages

    Daetsya obzor razrabotki i ispol'zovaniya kalorimetrov v astrofizike i fizike elementarnyh chastic. Obzor dostatochno ponyatnyi i podrobnyi, nachinayushiisya s horoshego istoricheskogo vvedeniya. Ego mozhno vsyacheski rekomendovat'.

    Vypusk 97. 17-31 yanvarya 2005

    astro-ph/0501272 Ispol'zovanie dalekih sharovyh skoplenii dlya proverok teorii gravitacii (Using distant globular clusters as a test for gravitational theories)
    Authors: H. Baumgardt, E. K. Grebel, P. Kroupa
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
    astro-ph/0501273 Prilivnye potoka v potenciale MOND (Tidal streams in a MOND potential: constraints from Sagittarius)
    Authors: J. I. Read, Ben Moore
    Comments: 5 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to MNRAS

    Srazu dve stat'i po MOND ot dvuh raznyh grupp avtorov.

    Nachnem so vtoroi. V nei avtory pokazyvayut, chto ispol'zovanie dannyh po prilivnym potokam (voznikayushim pri razrushenii nebol'shoi galaktiki) v Mlechnom Puti ne yavlyaetsya perspektivnym s tochki zreniya proverki teorii MOND. Otlichiya ot N'yutonovskogo potenciala okazyvayutsya neveliki.

    Zato avtory pervoi stat'i predlagayut novyi tip ob'ektov, kotoryi mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya testov teorii gravitacii. Eto - sharovye skopleniya. Izmereniya dispersii skorostei v skopleniyah mogut sushestvenno ogranichit' fantazii teoretikov.


    hep-th/0501168 Puankare, otnositel'nost', billiardy i simmetriya (Poincare, Relativity, Billiards and Symmetry)
    Authors: Thibault Damour
    Comments: 35 pages, 3 figures, invited talk given at the Solvay Symposium on Henri Poincare (ULB, Brussels, 8-9 October 2004)

    Tibo Damur - izvestneishii specialist v oblasti teorii otnositel'nosti, matematicheskoi fiziki i t.d. Dannaya stat'ya - eto bol'shoi obzor, posvyashennyi Puankare. Tochnee, posvyashennyi ego rabotam. T.e. krome istoricheskoi chasti est' eshe i matematicheskaya.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0501581 Fenomenologicheskaya kvantovaya gravitaciya (Phenomenological Qunatum Gravity: the birth of a new frontier?)
    Authors: R. Aloisio et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, no figures, talk presented at the Vulcano Workshop 2004

    My mnogo pisali o tom, chto pri svoem rasprostranenii na mezhgalakticheskie rasstoyaniya chasticy vysokih energii mogut podvergat'sya deistviyu effektov, svyazannyh s kvantovoi gravitaciei. Razlichnye avtory s pomosh'yu razlichnyh metodik pytalis' i pytayutsya poluchat' ogranicheniya na parametry sozdavaemyh teorii kvantovoi gravitacii, ispol'zuya dannye po kosmicheskim lucham i po dannym nablyudenii vnegalakticheskih ob'ektov. V etoi stat'e daetsya nekotoryi obzor dannoi oblasti, kotoruyu avtory nazyvayut "fenomenologicheskoi kvantovoi gravitaciei".


    physics/0501128 Variacii zagryazneniya vozduha v 19 veke v Parizhe (Nineteenth century air pollution variations in Paris inferred from Eiffel Tower potential gradient measurements)
    Authors: R.G. Harrison, K.L. Aplin
    Comments: In: Chauzy S. and Laroche P. (ed.), Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, Paris 9th-13th June 2003 (ISBN 2-7257-0009-4), 2, 789-792

    V 19 veke vo mnogih evropeiskih gorodah provdilis' vysokotochnye nablyudeniya gradienta elektricheskogo potenciala v atmosfere. Provodilis' oni i v Parizhe na tol'ko chto postroennoi Eifelevoi bashne. Rezul'taty izmerenii sil'no zavisyat ot zagryaznennosti vozduha. T.o. teper' my imeem prekrasnye dannye o tom, chem dyshali evropeicy bolee veka nazad.

    Vypusk 96. 01-16 yanvarya 2005

    astro-ph/0501119 Ekspansivnye razvitye civilizacii vo vselennoi (Expanding advanced civilizations in the universe)
    Authors: Claudius Gros
    Comments: JBIS, in press

    Korotkaya zametka, posvyashennaya ondmu iz vozmozhnyh reshenii paradoksa Fermi. Napomnim, chto sut' paradoksa sostoit v vyskazyvanii: "esli by vnezemnye civilizacii sushestvovaoli, to ih korabli uzhe byli by v Solnechnoi sisteme" (sm., naprimer, diskussiyu i ssylki na saite "Russkii Pereplet").

    Avtor predstavlyaet optimisticheskuyu chast' issledovatelei, schitayushih, chto vse-taki mozhno neprotivorechivo uvyazat' otsutstvie skol'-nibud' dostovernyh dannyh o "zvezdoletah na Zemle" s sushestvovaniem mnozhestva civilizacii v nashei Galaktike. Pravda, na nash vzglyad, rassuzhdeniya avtora ne bleshut noviznoi. Po suti, on rassmatrivaet situaciyu, v kotoroi ne proishodit bystroi ekspansii razvitoi tehnicheskoi civilizacii. Tochnee, periody burnogo rosta peremezhayutsya dlinnymi epohami zastoya.


    astro-ph/0501216 Analiz istoricheskih dannyh po meteoram i meternym dozhdyam (Analysis of historical meteor and meteor shower records: Korea, China, and Japan)
    Authors: Hong-Jin Yang et al.
    Comments: 29 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Icarus

    Avtory ispol'zovali tri sbornika koreiskih letopisei, pokryvayushih periody 57 g. do n.e.- 935 g. n.e., 918 - 1392 i 1392-1910. Obnaruzheny dannye o 3861 meteore i 31 dozhdyah. Dannye sravnivayutsya s zapisyami v kitaiskih i yaponskih letopisyah. Odnim iz interesnyh rezul'tatov yavlyaetsya obnaruzhenie umen'sheniya aktivnosti Perseid na ochen' bol'shom promezhutke vremeni.


    gr-qc/0501001 Kommentarii na stat'yu S. Samuelya (Comments on the paper by S. Samuel "On the speed of gravity and the Jupiter/Quasar measurement")
    Authors: Sergei Kopeikin
    Comments: 14 pages, one figure, text improved, references added

    Sergei Kopeikin otvechaet na zamechaniya Styuarta Samuelya, o kotoryh my pisali ran'she.

    physics/0501066 Fokker-Plank i kvazilineinye programmy (Fokker-Planck and Quasilinear Codes)
    Authors: Charles F. F. Karney
    Comments: 52 pages, 13 figures. Presented at 3rd European Workshop on Problems in the Numerical Modeling of Plasmas, Varenna, Italy, September 10-13 (1985). Reprinted in "Problems in the Numerical Modeling of Plasmas", edited by K. Appert (1986)

    Staraya, no aktual'naya stat'ya, posvyashennaya vzaimodeistviyu radiovoln s plazmoi.

    Vypusk 95. 22-31 dekabrya 2004

    gr-qc/0412086 Koplanarnost' orbit planet daet ogranicheniya na dinamicheskii efir (The coplanarity of planetary orbits places bounds on dynamical aether)
    Authors: Daniel Sudarsky, Konstantin G. Zloshchastiev
    Comments: 4 pages, REVTeX

    Obsuzhdeniya na Nauchnyh forumah, bor'ba s raznogo roda "efiristami" mogut privodit' k nauchnym publikaciyam, temoi kotoryh stanovyatsya vozmozhnye ogranicheniya na "ekzotiku". Tak, naprimer, obsuzhdenie na forume Scientific.RU privelo Vlada Kobycheva i odnogo iz avtorov etih obzorov k nebol'shoi rabote ob ogranichenii na zaryad fotona. Vot eshe odin uchastnik davnih disputov otmetilsya stat'ei, v kotoroi privodyatsya ogranicheniya na ekhoticheskie modeli.

    V svoe vremya Konstantin Zloschast'ev aktivno sporil s "efiristami" na forume Russkogo Perepleta. Teper' poyavilas' nebol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya ogranicheniyam na efirnye teorii.


    astro-ph/0412647 Mozhet li gravitaciya zasech' cunami? (May Gravity detect Tsunami ?)
    Authors: D.Fargion
    Comments: 6 pages

    Nazvanie stat'i otchasti provokacionno. Avtor rassmatrivaet vopros o tom, mogut li gravitacionno-volnovye detektory byt' ispol'zovany dlya srochnogo opovesheniya o krupnyh zemletryaseniyah i cunami. Krome togo rassmotreno izmenenie parametrov vrasheniya Zemli posle krupnyh katastrof.


    astro-ph/0412652 Al'ternativa temnoi materii: relyativistkaya MOND gravitaciya (An alternative to the dark matter paradigm: relativistic MOND gravitation)
    Authors: Jacob D. Bekenstein
    Comments: 18 pages, invited talk at the 28th Johns Hopkins Workshop on Current Problems in Particle Physics, June 2004, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; to appear in JHEP Conference Proceedings

    Vsem izvestno, chto takoe MOND, i kto takoi Bekenshtein. Odnako napomnim, chto MOND - eto modificirovannaya (fenomenologicheskaya) teoriya gravitacii, prizvannaya v pervuyu ochered' ob'yasnit' krivye vrasheniya galaktik bez ucheta temnoi materii za schet izmeneniya (modifikacii) zakona N'yutona. Yakov Bekenshtein - krupneishii specialist po gravitacii i chernym dyram. Chto mezhdu nimi obshego?

    Bekenshtein stroit teoriyu TeVeS (tensor-vector-scalar), kotoraya sochetaet v sebe predskazaniya MOND (t.e. krivye vrasheniya galaktik ob'yasnyayutsya bez temnogo veshestva) i rezul'taty testov obshei teorii otnositel'nosti v Solnechnoi sisteme. Konechno, rano govorit' o tom, chto vse problemy resheny. Tem ne menee mozhno ozhidat' diskussii sredi specialistov.


    hep-ph/0412297 Zametki po istorii kvantovoi hromodinamiki (Remarks on the History of Quantum Chromodynamics)
    Authors: Stephen L. Adler
    Comments: 12 pages. Letter to the Editor submitted to Physics Today.

    Prisuzhdenie Nobelevskoi premii Vil'cheku, Grossu i Politceru vyzvalo estestvennye diskussii, posvyashennye istorii rabot v oblasti kvantovoi hromodinamiki. Stefen Adler - izvestnyi fizik iz Prinstona - reshil vnesti svoi vklad v obsuzhdenie istorii voprosa. On kratko kommentiruet nekotorye sushestvennye detali, neopisannye ili nedostatochno horosho, po ego mneniyu, opisannye v stat'e v zhurnale Physics Today.

    physics/0412132 Brounovskoe dvizhenie dlya shkol'nikov (Brownian Motion for the School-Going Child)
    Authors: R.S. Bhalerao
    Comments: 10 pages, 2 figs. Elementary article meant for high-school children. Prepared on the occasion of "2005 International Year of Physics".

    Avtor pytaetsya izlozhit' osnovy broinovskogo dvizheniya na urovne, dostupnom shkol'nikam. Na nash vzglyad, eto emu udalos'.

    physics/0412134 Izuchenie Solnechnoi sistemy izmereniem uglov i momentov vremeni (Surveying the solar system by measuring angles and times: from the solar density to the gravitational constant)
    Authors: K. Capelle
    Comments: 12 pages, Eur. J. Phys. 25, p.605 (2004)

    Eto, konechno zhe, stat'ya pedagogicheskogo, nauchno-populyarnogo plana. Avtor pokazyvaet, kak mnogo interesnogo mozhno uznat' o Solnechnoi sisteme, provodya prosteishie izmereniya.

    physics/0412142 Slozhnosti v redaktirovanii nauchnyh rukopisei Einshteina (The Challenge of Editing Einstein's Scientific Manuscripts)
    Authors: Tilman Sauer
    Comments: 19 pages

    Kak yasno iz nazvaniya, stat'ya posvyashena istorii nauki, a imenno redaktirovaniyu nauchnyh rukopisei Einshteina.

    Issledovanie naslediya velikogo fizika - slozhnaya zadacha. Stremlenie sdelat' obshedostupnymi rabochie zapisi Einshteina natalkivaetsya na ser'eznye trudnosti.

    physics/0412148 Ot nablyudenii k gipotezam (From Observations to Hypotheses: Probabilistic Reasoning Versus Falsificationism and its Statistical Variations)
    Authors: G. D'Agostini
    Comments: 17 pages, 4 figures. Invited talk at the 2004 Vulcano Workshop on Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Vulcano (Italy) May 24-29, 2004.

    Nauka stoit na vozmozhnosti verifikacii vydvigaemyh gipotez. V stat'e s ves'ma obshih pozicii rassmatrivayutsya razlichnye podhody k proverke gipotez metodami statistiki.

    physics/0412171 Dinamika prodazh knig (The Dynamics of Book Sales: Endogenous versus Exogenous Shocks in Complex Networks)
    Authors: F. Deschatres, D. Sornette
    Comments: 44 pages with 15 figures

    Avtory proveli analiz dinamiki knizhnyh prodazh, pol'zuyas' dannymi ot Amazon.com (krupneishii portal po prodazham knig v Internete). Esli zadumat'sya, to dinamika dolzhna byt' pohozha na epidemiyu: kto-to kupil, ponravilos', posovetoval drugomu, tot kupil .... Odnako real'nost' neskol'ko slozhnee.

    Dlya teh, kto somnevaetsya v ser'eznosti issledovaniya, upomyanem, chto chast' rezul'tatov opublikovana zdes': Phys. Rev. Letts. 93 (22), 228701 (2004).

    Vypusk 94. 13-21 dekabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0412401 O skorosti gravitacii i nablyudeniyah Yupitera (On the Speed of Gravity and the Jupiter/Quasar Measurement)
    Authors: Stuart Samuel
    Comments: International Journal of Modern Physics D13 (2004) 1753-1770

    Eksperiment Kopeikina-Famolona eshe dolgo budet budorazhit' specialistov. Vot ocherednaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya emu. Dannaya rabota skepticheskogo plana: avtor pokazyvaet v chem, po ego mneniyu, Kopeikin byl neprav.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0412429 GAIA i astrofizika v 2015-2020 (Concluding Remarks: Gaia and Astrophysics in 2015-2020)
    Authors: Tim de Zeeuw
    Comments: 4 pages, to appear in the Proceedings of the Symposium "The Three-dimensional Universe with Gaia", 4-7 October 2004, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, France, eds: C. Turon, K.S. O'Flaherty, M.A.C. Perryman (ESA SP-576)

    Summirovany ozhidaemye nauchnye rezul'taty ot raboty sputnika GAIA i provedeno korotkoe obsuzhdenie vliyaniya etih rezul'tatov na astronomiyu vcelom.


    Vypusk 93. 01-12 dekabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0412195 Gravitacionnaya teoriya, krivye vrasheniya galaktik i kosmologiya bez temnoi materii (Gravitational Theory, Galaxy Rotation Curves and Cosmology without Dark Matter)
    Authors: J. W. Moffat
    Comments: 31 pages, 20 figures, 1 table. Latex file

    Pogovoriv o kandidatah v temnuyu materiyu, ne greh porassuzhdat' i ob al'ternativnoi teorii, v kotoroi temnoe veshestvo prosto ne nuzhno, t.k. vidoizmenyaetsya zakon N'yutona (v smysle, zakon vsemirnogo tyagoteniya).

    Avtor davno i posledovatel'no razvivaet teoriyu modificirovannoi n'yutonovskoi gravitacii, v kotoroi ploskie krivye vrasheniya galakti ob'yasnyayutsya ne temnoi materiei, a uvelicheniem n'yutonovskoi postoyannoi na bol'shih rasstoyaniyah. V dannoi rabote takzhe rassmatrivayutsya kosmologicheskie resheniya v ramkah etoi al'ternativnoi teorii.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0412215 Strannoe kvarkovoe veshestvo v zvezdah (Strange Quark Matter in Stars: A General Overview)
    Authors: Jurgen Schaffner-Bielich
    Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure, plenary talk given at the 8th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM2004), Cape Town, South Africa, 15-20 September 2004

    Korotkii obzor po kvarkovym zvezdam. Vklyucheno mnogo ssylok na novye raboty (kak teoreticheskie, tak i nablyudatel'nye). Stil' stat'i podrazumevaet, chto chitatel' znakom s tematikoi (neitronnye i kvarkovye zvezdy) hotya by na horoshem populyarnom urovne.


    physics/0412055 Arago (1810): pervyi eksperimental'nyi rezul'tat protiv efira (Arago (1810): the first experimental result against the ether)
    Authors: Rafael Ferraro, Daniel M. Sforza
    Comments: 16 pages. To appear in European Journal of Physics

    Ocherednaya stat'ya po istorii fiziki. Na etot raz rech' idet ob eksperimente po prelomleniyu sveta zvezdy v prizme, provedennom Arago v 1810 g. Sut' zaklyuchalas' v poiske absolyutnogo dvizheniya Zemli. Rezul'tat byl nulevoi, i mozhet tolkovat'sya kak pervoe eksperimental'noe svidetel'stvo protiv sushestvovaniya efira, poluchennoe pochti za 100 let do sozdaniya STO.

    Vypusk 92. 15-30 noyabrya 2004

    physics/0411123 Opisanie i razvitie eksperimentov Neitrinnaya fabrika i Beta Puchok (The Neutrino Factory and Beta Beam Experiments and Development)
    Authors: The Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Collaboration
    Comments: 115 pages; 71 figures. The Neutrino Factory and Beta Beam Experiments and Development Working Group report to the Joint DNP/DPF/DAP/DPB Study on the Future of Neutrino Physics

    Eta bol'shoi otchet po eksperimentu, gotovyashemusya kollaboraciei Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider.

    Predlozheno dve novyh eksperimental'nye ustanovki: neitrinnaya fabrika i Beta-puchok (Beta Beam). V osnovnom oni prednaznacheny dlya detal'nogo issledovaniya neitrino (v chastnosti, dlya izmereniya mass neitrino treh sortov).

    Poka ustanovki nahodyatsya v stadii razrabotki: takie eksperimenty planiruyutsya godami.

    physics/0411130 Mnogougol'nye steny i astronomicheskaya orientaciya Akropolya Alatri (Italiya) (Polygonal walls and the astronomical alignments of the Acropolis of Alatri, Italy: a preliminary investigation)
    Authors: Giulio Magli
    Comments: 12 pages, 10 figures

    Alatri - nebol'shoi ital'yanskii gorodok v oblasti Lacium (Lazio), t.e. nedaleko ot Rima.

    Avtor issleduet orientaciyu akropolya, a takzhe drevnie steny goroda. Osnovnoi vopros v tom kto i kogda vse eto postroil.

    physics/0411219 Special'naya teoriya otnositel'nosti dlya shkol'nikov (Special Relativity for the School Going Child)
    Authors: T. P. Singh
    Comments: 15 pages, two figures. Elementary Article meant for 12-15 year old schoolchildren. Published by TIFR, Mumbai in `A revolution in physics: Einstein's 1905 discoveries made simple'

    Izlozhenie nekotoryh osnov STO v vide rasskaza dlya detei 12-15 let.

    physics/0411246 Gubitel'noe vliyanie nacistskogo rezhima na nauku - bibliometricheskii analiz (The disaster of the Nazi-power in science as reflected by some leading journals and scientists in physics - A bibliometric study)
    Authors: Manuel Cardona, Werner Marx
    Comments: 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table

    Osnovyvayas' na dannyh ob indekse citirovaniya (po dannym Instituta Nauchnoi Informacii - ISI), avtory rassmatrivayut nauchnuyu produktivnost' uchenyh, vynuzhdennyh pokinut' fashistskuyu Germaniyu v 30-e gg.

    Sovetuem takzhe obratit' vnimanie na grafik 1 v etoi rabote.

    Vypusk 91. 01-14 noyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0411275 Tendencii v demografii i citirovanii statei ApJ (Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal papers and Reports)
    Authors: Greg J. Schwarz and Robert C. Kennicutt Jr
    Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures

    Avtory issledovali publikacii v ApJ i ih citiruemost' v 1999 i 2002 godah po dannym ADS i astro-ph. Vot nekotorye cifry:

    • v 2002 g. 72% statei iz ApJ takzhe byli opublikovany v astro-ph;
    • 61% iz etih preprintov byl opublikovan posle prinyatiya stat'i v ApJ;
    • stat'i, publikovavshiesya v astro-ph, citirovalis' v 2 raza chashe;
    • citiruemost' trudov konferencii v srednem v 20 raz nizhe, chem u statei v ApJ.
    Interesno? Delaite vyvody.


    astro-ph/0411284 Razrushenie atmosfernogo ozona gamma-vspleskom iz Mlechnogo Puti (Terrestrial Ozone Depletion Due to a Milky Way Gamma-Ray Burst)
    Authors: Brian C. Thomas et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures

    Sovremennye modeli gamma-vspleskov pozvolyayut utverzhdat', chto za poslednii milliard let Zemlya byla obluchena gamma-vspleskom, proizoshedshim v nashei Galaktike, s rasstoyaniya ne bolee 2 kpk. Effekt podobnogo oblucheniya byl issledovan v dvumernoi modeli atmosfery. Pri vspleske s ekspoziciei 100 kDzh/m2 dlitel'nost'yu 10 sekund soderzhanie ozona v srednem umen'shalos' na 35% (v nekotoryh oblastyah na 55%). Nachal'nyi uroven' ozona vosstanovilsya primerno cherez 5 let. Eto moglo imet' dramaticheskie posledstviya, t.k. 50% snizhenie urovnya ozona vyzyvaet trehkratnoe povyshenie urovnya ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya.


    hep-ex/0411033 Pervye rezul'taty Cernovskogo Aksionnogo Solnechnogo Teleskopa (First results from the CERN Axion Solar Telescope)
    Authors: CAST Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, submitted to PRL

    CAST (CERN Axion Solar Telescope) prednaznachen dlya poiska ispuskaemyh Solncem aksionov. Aksiony - gipoteticheskie chasticy, igrayushie vazhnuyu rol' v nekotoryh sovremennyh modelyah fiziki vysokih energii. V magnitnom pole, sozdannom v laboratorii, aksiony (nebol'shaya ih dolya) mogut preobrazovat'sya v fotony, kotorye i budut zaregistrirovany.

    Pervye rezul'taty: poka aksionov ne obnaruzheno.


    obzor nucl-th/0410091 Dve lekcii po cvetnoi sverhprovodimosti (Two lectures on color superconductivity)
    Authors: Igor A. Shovkovy
    Comments: 56 pages, 9 figures. Minor corrections and references added. Lectures delivered at the IARD 2004 conference, Saas Fee, Switzerland, June 12 - 19, 2004, and at the Helmholtz International Summer School and Workshop on Hot points in Astrophysics and Cosmology, JINR, Dubna, Russia, August 2 - 13, 2004

    Eto ne sovsem astrofizicheskie lekcii. Odnako takoe ekzoticheskoe yavlenie kak cvetnaya sverhprovodimost' (osnovannaya na sparivanii kvarkov, a ne elektronov ili protonov) mozhet sushestvovat' v nedrah kompaktnyh ob'ektov - kvarkovyh zvezd. Poetomu my sochli umestnym pomestit' etot otryvok v nashem obzore. Tem bolee, chto sami lekcii my slyshali, i schitaem, chto ih avtor sovershenno zasluzhenno byl priznan luchshim lektorom shkoly v Dubne!

    A vot fotografiya iz Dubny, na kotoroi est' avtor lekcii i oba avtora obzorov (plyus neskol'ko drugih izvestnyh fizikov i astrofizikov).

    physics/0411002 Chuvstvitel'nost' zemnogo klimata k solnechnomu izlucheniyu: novye dannye (Climate sensitivity of Earth to solar irradiance: update)
    Authors: David H. Douglass, B. David Clader, Robert S. Knox
    Comments: one pdf document including 2 figures

    Reakciya srednei temperatury na Zemle na kolebaniya kolichestva solnechnogo izlucheniya yavlyaetsya klyuchevym voprosom v teoriyah, opisyvayushih klimat i ego evolyuciyu. Avtory rasmatrivayut etot vopros, ispol'zuya novye dannye nablyudenii. Dannye pokazyvayut, chto reakciya v dva raza vyshe, chem eto sleduet iz prostogo (i chasto ispol'zuyushegosya) sootnosheniya. Za 11-letnii solnechnyi cikl (kogda solnechnaya postoyannaya, ravnaya 1365 Vt/m2, izmenyaetsya na 1 Vt/m2) izmenenie sostavlyaet ne 0.05K (kak dolzhno byt' po teorii), a 0.1K.

    Otdel'no avtory obsuzhdayut rol' vulkanov.

    physics/0411007 Vliyanie epistemologii na obuchenie: primer iz nachal'nogo kursa fiziki (The impact of epistemology on learning: A case study from introductory physics)
    Authors: Laura Lising, Andrew Elby
    Comments: 11 pages

    Rech' idet o studentah kolledzhei i universitetov, i zadacha sostoit v tom, chtoby pomoch' prepodavatelyam podat' material v bolee dostupnoi forme.

    Yasno, chto takie studenty - eto uzhe dostatochno sformirovavshiesya lichnosti. V chastnosti u nih est' bolee ili menee sformirovavshiisya vzglyad na to, chto takoe nauka i poznanie. Takie vozzreniya studentov mogut kak pomogat', tak i meshat' im.

    physics/0411026 Pochemu Obshestvo dolzhno finansirovat' nauku? (What is fair to ask Society to fund ?)
    Authors: Orfeu Bertolami
    Comments: Talk presented at the International Symposium on "Science, Knowledge and the Market", Instituto Superior T\'ecnico, Lisbon, Portugal, 21-23 October 2004. 5pp

    Avtor rassuzhdaet na temu "zachem davat' den'gi na fundamental'nuyu nauku". Nikakih otkrovenii v stat'e net. Odnako interesno pochitat', chto v Portugalii (kotoruyu my sobiraemsya dogonyat') takzhe ozabocheny analogichnymi problemami.

    physics/0411080 Mendeleev i periodicheskaya tablica elementov (Mendeleev and the Periodic Table of Elements)
    Authors: Subhash Kak
    Comments: 9 pages

    Interesnaya zametka po istorii nauki. My uzhe neodnokratno pisali o rabotah Subhash Kak. Vse oni tak ili inache byli svyazany s indiiskoi istoriei i kul'turoi. Dannaya stat'ya ne yavlyaetsya isklyucheniem.

    Pri sostavlenii periodicheskoi tablicy Mendeleev, kak horosho izvestno, predskazal sushestvovanie mnogih togda neizvestnyh elementov. Menee izvestno, chto dannye im imena byli sostavleny iz imeni izvestnogo elementa i sanskritskogo prefiksa (naprimer eka-aluminium. Avtor stat'i opisyvaet istoriyu sostavleniya tablicy i rassuzhdaet pochemu Mendeleev vybral imenno sanskritskie prefiksy.


    Vypusk 90. 25-31 oktyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0410525 Otlozheniya na dne okeanov v kachestve teleskopov: ispol'zovanie dannyh po izotopam dlya analiza nukleosinteza v sverhnovyh (Deep-Ocean Crusts as Telescopes: Using Live Radioisotopes to Probe Supernova Nucleosynthesis)
    Authors: Brian D. Fields, Kathrin A. Hochmuth, John Ellis
    Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures, AASTeX. Comments welcome

    Izotop zheleza 60Fe zhivet vsego 2.2 milliona let. Ispol'zuya dannye o soderzhanii etogo izotopa v okeanicheskih otlozheniyah, avtory popytalis' poluchit' ocenku na rasstoyanie do sverhnovoi, porodivshei obnaruzhennyi 60Fe. V zavisimosti ot massy zvezdy-praroditelya rasstoyanie poluchaetsya ravnym 15-120 pk. Kak vidno neopredelennost' velika (da eshe nuzhno ne zabyt' o neopredelennostyah v modelyah, kotorye ispol'zovali avtory.


    astro-ph/0410564 Polyarimetricheskaya kalibrovka bol'shih teleskopov I: metod puchkov (Polarimetric Calibration of Large-Aperture Telescopes I: The Beam-Expansion Method)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro
    astro-ph/0410563 Polyarimetricheskaya kalibrovka bol'shih teleskopov II: metod sub-apertur (Polarimetric Calibration of Large-Aperture Telescopes II: The sub-aperture method)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro
    astro-ph/0410565 Tehnika vydeleniya osobennostei dlya analiza spektral'nyh polyarizacionnyh profilei (Feature Extraction Techniques for the Analysis of Spectral Polarization Profiles)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro
    astro-ph/0410566 Fizicheskie svoistva spikul po odnovremennym spektropolyarimetricheskim nablyudeniyam linii He I i Ca II (Physical Properties of Spicules from Simultaneous Spectro-Polarimetric Observations of He I and Ca II Lines)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro, D. Ellmore
    astro-ph/0410567 Strategiya obrasheniya spektral'nyh profilei s ispol'zovanie neironnyh setei (Strategies for Spectral Profile Inversion using Artificial Neural Networks)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro
    astro-ph/0410568 Udarnye volny v spokoinoi solnechnoi fotosfere: neobychnye predpolozheniya (Shocks in the Quiet Solar Photosphere: A Rather Common Occurrence)
    Authors: H. Socas-Navarro, R. Manso
    Comments: ApJ Letters, submitted

    Seriya teoreticheskih i prakticheskih statei posvyashennyh polyarizacii. V nih zatronuty sleduyushie voprosy:

    • kalibrovka instrumentov, nablyudayushih polyarizaciyu;
    • obrabotka spektral'nyh polyarimetricheskih nablyudenii;
    • polyarimetricheskie nablyudeniya Solnca;
    • mehanizmy vozniknoveniya polyarizovannogo izlucheniya v solnechnoi fotosfere.


    proceedings 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics

    V razdele Physics avtory prodolzhayut vykladyvat' materialy 12-go Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa po fizike plazmy.

    math.ST/0410574 Zametka o sravnenii indeksov citirovaniya v raznyh oblastyah znaniya (A note on comparison of scientific impact expressed by number of citations in different fields of science)
    Authors: Igor Podlubny
    Comments: 5 pages, 1 table Subj-class: Statistics

    Avtor sravnivaet indeksy citirovaniya v raznyh oblastyah znaniya za 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999 i 2001 gg, Pokazano, chto otnoshenie polnogo chisla citirovanii sohranyaetsya. T.e., esli v 1992 godu otnoshenie chisla citirovanii v fizike i himii sostavlyalo "n", to primerno takoe zhe otnoshenie sohranyaetsya i v drugie gody.

    Vypusk 89. 18-25 oktyabrya 2004

    cs.CV/0401004 Kiborg-sistema kak platforma obrabotki izobrazhenii v astrobiologii (Cyborg Systems as Platforms for Computer-Vision Algorithm-Development for Astrobiology)
    Authors: Patrick C. McGuire et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 6 figures

    cs.CV/0409031 Pervye rezul'taty astrobiologicheskoi kiborg-sistemy (Field Geology with a Wearable Computer: First Results of the Cyborg Astrobiologist System)
    Authors: Patrick C. McGuire et al.
    Comments: 7 pages, 6 figures

    Gruppa issledovatelei, vdohnovlennaya ideei fil'ma "Matrica" (pervogo), razrabotala prototip kiborg-sistemy obrabotki geologicheskih i astrobiologicheskih izobrazhenii. Slovo Kiborg zdes' oboznachaet, chto chast' obrabotki (nachal'naya) vypolnyaetsya komp'yuterom, a bolee intellektual'naya - chelovekom. Na fotografii pokazany pervye rezul'taty raboty "zheleznoi" chasti kiborg-sistemy: vydelenie raznotipnyh chastei izobrazheniya.


    proceedings 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics

    V razdele Physics avtory prodolzhayut vykladyvat' materialy 12-go Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa po fizike plazmy.

    physics/0410144 Antropnye rassuzhdeniya v kosmologii: istoricheskii obzor (Anthropic Reasoning in Cosmology: A Historical Perspective)
    Authors: Stefano Bettini
    Comments: 27 pages To appear soon in: Stoeltzner M. Weingartner P. eds.: Formale Teleologie und Kausalitat, Mentis Verlag, Paderborn

    Navernoe, luchshe prochitat' izvestnuyu knigu (The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford Paperbacks), John D. Barrow, Frank J. Tipler), posvyashennuyu antropnomu principu, a takzhe, vozmozhno bolee svezhuyu kriticheskuyu stat'yu Smolina. Odnako za neimeniem knigi stoit posmotret' dannyi obzor. On posluzhit horoshim dopolneniem k stat'yam Vilenkina, Linde, Smoilna i dr., dostupnym v Arhive.


    Vypusk 88. 11-17 oktyabrya 2004

    proceedings 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics

    V razdele Physics budut vylozheny materialy 12-go Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa po fizike plazmy.

    physics/0410074 Atomnye chasy i ogranicheniya na izmenenie fundamental'nyh konstant (Atomic Clocks and Constraints on Variations of Fundamental Constants)
    Authors: Savely G. Karshenboim, Victor Flambaum, Ekkehard Peik
    Comments: 8 pages

    V stat'e podrobno opisany laboratornye eksperimenty po obnaruzheniyu izmenenii fundamental'nyh konstant. Rasskazyvaetsya o sovremennyh atomnyh chasah, o tom, kak ih mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya testirovaniya konstant, i o tom, kakie predely polucheny.

    Vypusk 87. 01-10 oktyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0410117 Obzor M31 na XMM-Newton (XMM-Newton survey of M 31)
    Authors: W. Pietsch, M. Freyberg, F. Haberl
    Comments: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A&A

    Analiz arhivnyh dannyh XMM-Newton pozvolil izuchit' 856 istochnikov so svetimostyami >4.4 1034 erg/s.

    Korrelirovanie novyh dannyh s bolee rannimi katalogami v razlichnyh diapazonah pozvolilo otozhdestvit' mnogie iz etih pochti devyati soten istochnikov. V chastnosti vyyavleno 21 ostatok sverhnovoi (i 23 kandidata), 18 sverhmyagkih istochnikov (eto akkreciruyushie belye karliki v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah), 7 rentgenovskih dvoinyh (i 9 kandidatov), 27 istochnikov v sharovyh skopleniyah (i 10 kandidatov). Vyyavleno mnogo tranzientnyh isotchnikov, kotorye ne nablyudalis' ranee.

    Yasno takzhe, chto sredi zaregistrirovannyh istochnikov dolzhny byt' fonovye: kak lezhashie za Tumannost'yu Andromedy (v osnovnom aktivnye yadra galaktik), tak i lezhashie blizhe (v osnovnom zvezdy nashei galaktiki).


    physics/0410018 15.2 teraflopnoe modelirovanie geodinamo na "Simulyatore Zemli" (A 15.2 TFlops Simulation of Geodynamo on the Earth Simulator)
    Authors: Akira Kageyama et al.
    Comments: Contribution to Technical Program of SC2004 conference

    Napomnim, chto "Earth Simulator" - po suti samyi moshnyi komp'yuter na Zemle. Prednaznachen on, kak yasno iz nazvaniya, dlya modelirovaniya razlichnyh geofizicheskih processov.

    V dannoi rabote postroena model' geodinamo. Modelirovalas' teplovaya konvekciya v zhidkoi provodyashei obolochke.

    V stat'e est' horoshee korotkoe vvedenie, i voobshe, napisano vse ochen' dostupno. Rekomenduem.

    physics/0410032 Izuchenie MGD yavlenii na Tokamakah (Study on MHD activity in Tokamaks)
    Authors: Fatemeh Hajakbari, Alireza Hojabri
    Comments: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)

    Ochen' korotkaya zametka iranskih (!) fizikov, posvyashennaya probleme MGD neustoichivostei v Tokamakah.

    Vypusk 86. 20-30 sentyabrya 2004

    hep-ph/0409213 Zhidkaya kvark-glyuonnaya plazma (The Quark-Gluon-Plasma Liquid)
    Authors: M.H. Thoma
    Comments: 7 pages, 2 figures

    Nashim chitatelyam Markus Toma mozhet byt' pamyaten po stat'e "Strannaya kvarkovaya materiya v neitronnyh zvezdah - novye rezul'taty s Chandry i XMM", posvyashennoi kvarkovym zvezdam. Dannaya stat'ya uzhe ne svyazana napryamuyu s astronomiei.

    Avtor vyskazyvaet gipotezu, chto kvark-glyuonnaya plazma nahoditsya v zhidkoi faze. Eto pomogaet uvyazat' rezul'taty chislennyh raschetov na reshetkah s dannymi uskoritel'nyh eksperimentov.

    "Zhidkaya faza" v dannom sluchae oznachaet, chto povedenie plazmy napominaet povedenie neszhimaemoi zhidkosti. Energiya vzaimodeistviya mezhdu chasticami bol'she teplovoi energii samih chastic, odnako svyaz' ne nastol'ko sil'na, chtoby nachali obrazovyvat'sya struktury.

    Avtor daet kachestvennoe obsuzhdenie svoei gipotezy, t.k. na dannom etape postroenie kakoi-libo detalizirovannoi teorii po vsei vidimosti nevozmozhno.

    physics/0409123 Otklik klimata na izmeneniya potoka kosmicheskih luchei i izlucheniya (On climate response to changes in the cosmic ray flux and radiative budget)
    Authors: Nir J. Shaviv
    Comments: 12 pages, 7 figures, submitted to JGR-Atmospheres

    Tema klimaticheskih izmenenii, vyzvannyh kosmicheskimi faktorami, yavlyaetsya na nash vzglyad odnoi iz samyh interesnyh. My uzhe neodnokratno obrashalis' k nei v nashih obzorah i ANKAh, v chastnosti pisali i o rabotah Shaviva. Vot eshe odna.

    Avtor pytaetsya dat' tochnye chislennye ocenki otklika klimata na celyi ryad izmenyayushihsya faktorov v shirokom diapazone harakternyh vremen. Rech', naprimer, idet i ob izmenenii potoka kosmicheskih luchei za schet global'nyh processov (vrashenie Solnca vokrug centra Galaktiki), i o 11-letnem cikle solnechnoi aktivnosti. Odnim iz vazhnyh kolichestvennyi vyvodov stat'ya yavlyaetsya raschet vklada kosmicheskih luchei (i izmeneniya potoka solnechnogo izlucheniya) v tekushee global'noe poteplenie. Nir ocenivaet ego v 0.37+/-0.13K za proshedshee stoletie (za 20 vek). Ostal'noe, po ego mneniyu, v osnovnom dolzhny sostavlyat' antropogennye faktory. Bez ucheta vklada potoka kosmicheskih luchei temperatura dolzhna byla by uvelichit'sya za schet uvelicheniya potoka solnechnogo izlucheniya (v modeli Shaviva) na 0.16+/-0.04K.

    Konechno, v takoi slozhnoi mnogoparametricheskoi modeli mnogo neopredelennostei, i v zaklyuchenie stat'i avtor ih obsuzhdaet. Otmetim takzhe, chto mogut byt' vazhnye effekty, neuchtennye avtorom (naprimer, izmeneniya magnitnogo polya Zemli, o chem my takzhe pisali).

    physics/0409154 Kuda upadet ruchka? (Where will a pen fall to?)
    Authors: Veniamin A. Abalmassov, Dmitri A. Maljutin
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures

    Horoshaya zadacha na urovne 1-2 kursa instituta. Budet interesna tem, kto lyubit zadachi v zhurnale Kvant.

    Vypusk 85. 13-19 sentyabrya 2004

    astro-ph/0409373 Proverka anomalii Pionerov s pomosh'yu missii k Plutonu (Testing for the Pioneer anomaly on a Pluto exploration mission)
    Authors: Andreas Rathke
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures. Talk at the 3rd International Conference on Frontier Science - Physics and Astrophysics in Space, Frascati, Italy, 14-19 June 2004

    Korotkaya zametka. Sut', v principe, yasna iz nazvaniya. V kachestve vtorichnogo zadaniya dlya proektiruemoi missii k Plutonu rassmatrivaetsya proverka anomalii v znachenii uskoreniya sputnikov Pioner-10 i -11.

    Evropeiskoe kosmicheskoe agenstvo rassmatrivaet proekty missii k Plutonu. Eto dolzhen byt' nebol'shoi sputnik, kotoryi budet krutit'sya vokrug Plutona na nizkoi krugovoi orbite. Polet budet soprovozhdat'sya gravitacionnymi manevrami, a potomu do celi sputnik doberetsya lish' v 2034 godu.

    Dlya proverki anomalii neobhodimo derzhat' pod tshatel'nym kontrolem sam apparat (teplopoteri, moshnost' izluchatelei i t.p.). Vse eto trebuet produmyvaniya konstrukcii sputnika. Krome togo trebuetsya (i eto vozmozhno) obespechit' bolee tochnoe (po-sravneniyu s Pionerami) otslezhivanie skorosti i polozheniya apparata. Dlya drugih nauchnyh zadach takaya tochnost' nesushestvenna, no bylo by neploho ee zalozhit' v konstrukciyu, chtoby nakonec razobrat'sya s etoi anomaliei. Hotya ... dazhe esli proekt budet odobren, zhdat' pridetsya dolgo.


    miniobzor hep-ph/0409152 Geo-neitrino: korotkii obzor (Geo-Neutrinos: a short review)
    Authors: Gianni Fiorentini et al.
    Comments: 7 pages, 2 figures, presented at Neutrino 2004 in Paris

    Kak poluchat' neposredstvennye dannye iz zemnyh glubin? Naprimer, s pomosh'yu neitrino, voznikayushih pri raspade radioaktivnyh elementov (urana, toriya, kaliya). V obzore (ne takom uzh i korotkom vse-taki) rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye idei i podhody k etoi probleme. Obsuzhdayutsya kak raznye teorii vnutrennego stroeniya ZEmli, kotorye mozhno bylo by podtverdit' ili otvergnut', a takzhe planiruemye special'nye neitrinnye detektory.


    physics/0409058 Ekzoticheskie atomy (Exotic atoms)
    Authors: Paul Indelicato
    Comments: Physica Scripta T112 (2004) 20-26

    V osnovnom opisany sovremennye eksperimenty s ekzoticheskimi atomami. Chto skryvaetsya za etim nazvaniem? Eto "atomy", gde po-krainei mere odna iz privychnyh chastic (protony, elektrony) zamenena na nechto bolee redkoe: myuon, pion, antiproton i t.p.

    Sama stat'ya korotkaya i ponyatnaya (dazhe ochen' ponyatnaya, soobshayutsya fakticheski vse skol'-nibud' neobhodimye dannye). Krome togo, prilagaetsya bol'shoi spisok literatury, nu i, konechno zhe, risunki.

    Bylo by neploho, esli by kto-nibud' na osnove etoi stat'i sdelal populyarnyi material na russkom.

    Vypusk 84. 01-12 sentyabrya 2004

    physics/0409030 Mezhdu zakonami i modelyami: filosofskie vyvody iz lagranzhevoi mehaniki (Between Laws and Models: Some Philosophical Morals of Lagrangian Mechanics)
    Authors: Jeremy Butterfield
    Comments: 106 pages, no figures

    106 stranic (bez kartinok) filosofskih vyvodov iz lagranzhevoi mehaniki! Na samom dele stat'ya (pervaya v serii) mozhet okazat'sya ves'ma interesnoi (my ne uspeli ee prochest' celikom). Avtor polagaet, chto lagranzheva mehanika ne poluchila adekvatnogo filosofskogo osmysleniya. On pomeshaet lagranzhev podhod mezhdu podhodom "zakonov prirody" i "model'nym" podhodom.

    Bylo by interesno uznat' mnenie filosofov nauki ob etoi stat'e.

    Vypusk 83. 01-31 avgusta 2004

    astro-ph/0408281 Sluchainye chisla iz astronomicheskih izobrazhenii (Random Numbers from Astronomical Imaging)
    Authors: Kevin A. Pimbblet and Michael Bulmer
    Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted in PASA

    Dostatochno original'noe predlozhenie: na astronomicheskie priemniki izobrazhenii vremya ot vremeni popadayut chasticy kosmicheskih luchei. Dlya astronomov eto pomehi, no ih poyavlenie yavlyaetsya sluchainym, kak po vremeni, tak i po polozheniyu na astronomicheskom izobrazhenii. Vydeliv takie sobytiya mozhno prevratit' ih v posledovatel'nost' sluchainyh chisel. Avtory predlagayut neskol'ko otvetov na vopros gde i dlya chego mozhno ispol'zovat' takie sluchainye chisla.


    astro-ph/0408364 Metod kristallov: astroseismologiya BPM 37093 (The Crystal Method: Asteroseismology of BPM 37093)
    Authors: T.S. Metcalfe, M.H. Montgomery, A. Kanaan
    Comments: 6 pages, 4 figures

    Bolee 40 let proshlo s momenta vyhoda stat'i Eda Salpitera i soavtorov v kotoroi oni predskazali, chto v uglerodnyh i kislorodnyh yadrah naibolee holodnyh belyh karlikov mozhet obrazovyvat'sya kristallicheskaya reshetka. Odin iz vozmozhnyh variantov obnaruzheniya takih "kristallov": po pul'saciyam karlikov. Vpervye pul'sacii dostatochno holodnogo, potencial'no kristallizovannogo, belogo karlika BPM 37093, byli zaregistrirovany v 1992 godu. V 1999 godu sushestvovanie u etoi zvezdy kristallicheskogo yadra bylo dokazano. Ostal'noe v zametke.


    astro-ph/0408521 "Neizmennost'" - adaptacionnoe reshenie paradoksa Fermi? ("Permanence" - An Adaptationist Solution to Fermi's Paradox?)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: 23 pages, 2 figures

    Odnazhdy "ne k mestu" Enriko Fermi brosil frazu "Tak gde zhe oni vse?" i vot uzhe pochti 50 let specialisty po vnezemnym civilizaciyam reshayut etot paradoks. A zaklyuchaetsya on (paradoks Fermi) v sleduyushem: nasha civilizaciya razvivaetsya ochen' bystro, vse ee vneshnie proyavleniya (v optike, v radio i t.d.) udvaivayutsya za desyatki let. S drugoi storony moment poyavleniya razuma na Zemle (ili perehoda ego na tehnologicheskuyu stadiyu razvitiya) nichem ne vydelen (s takoi tochnost'yu), t.e. nasha (ili drugaya) civilizaciya mogla nachat' svoe razvitie na milliony (ili milliardy) let ran'she. Takim obrazom, vse tehnologicheskie civilizacii, razvitie kotoryh nachalos' sovsem nenamnogo ran'she, chem na Zemle, dolzhny byli dostich' neobychainyh vysot, ih proyavleniya byli by vidny iz lyubogo mesta Vselennoi. Togda "gde zhe oni vse?"

    V dannoi stat'e predlagaetsya eshe odin variant resheniya dannogo paradoksa.


    physics/0408033 Informaciyu, pozhaluista ...? (Information, please... ?)
    Authors: Paul Ginsparg
    Comments: HTML only

    Koroten'kaya stat'ya v New York Times, posvyashennaya v osnovnom nedavnei rabote Hokinga.


    physics/0408077 Anri Puankare i teoriya otnositel'nosti (Henri Poincare and Relativity Theory)
    Authors: A. A. Logunov
    Comments: 253 pages

    Kak yavstvuet iz nazvaniya, kniga posvyashena istorii teorii otnositel'nosti i roli Puankare v ee sozdanii.

    Vypusk 82. 01-31 iyulya 2004

    astro-ph/0407462 Gamma-vspleski kak testery kvantovoi gravitacii (Gamma Ray Bursts as Probes of Quantum Gravity)
    Authors: Tsvi Piran
    Comments: Lectures given at the 40th winter school of theretical physics: Quantum Gravity and Phenomenology, Feb. 2004 Poland

    Poka kvant elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya rasprostranyaetsya v prostranstve (t.e. dvizhetsya ot istochnika k nam) on vzaimodeistvuet s kvantovoi (prostranstvenno-vremennoi) penoi. Eto mozhet privodit' k tomu, chto skorost' rasprostraneniya kvantov raznoi energii budet razlichnoi. T.e., esli byl ostryi vsplesk izlucheniya, to on budet rasplyvat'sya: kvanty raznyh energii budut prihodit' v raznoe vremya. Effekt naibolee sushestvenen dlya bol'shih energii, poetomu razumno ispol'zovat' gamma-nablyudeniya. Naprimer, nablyudeniya gamma-vspleskov.

    Poka chto podobnye issledovaniya davali tol'ko verhnie predely na parametry teorii kvantovoi gravitacii. Eti idei, podhody i predely summirovany v obzore Pirana.

    Otmetim takzhe, dlya ustanovleniya takih predelov mozhno ispol'zovat' nazemnye gamma-teleskopy, osobenno takie krupnye kak MAGIC.


    astro-ph/0407586 Antropnye predskazaniya: sluchai kosmologicheskoi postoyannoi (Anthropic predictions: the case of the cosmological constant)
    Authors: Alexander Vilenkin
    Comments: 14 pages, 1 fugure. Contribution to "Universe or Multiverse", ed. by B.J. Carr, to be published by Cambridge University Press

    Antropnyi princip yavlyaetsya ochen' populyarnym sposobom ob'yasneniya nekotoryh kosmologicheskih paradoksov. Napomnim sut'. Esli nekotorye fizicheskie parametry mogut prinimat' razlichnye znacheniya, odnako lish' dlya nekotoryh iz nih vozmozhno sushestvovanie nablyudatelei (t.e. nas s vami), to nablyudat' my s vami budem imenno takuyu vselennuyu, gde nashe sushestvovanie vozmozhno.

    Za poslednie gody antropnyi princip poluchil nekotoroe razvitie, i v stat'e vy naidete bolee prodvinutoe antropnoe rassuzhdenie na temu "pochemu kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya imenno takova". v sleduyushei stat'e privoditsya konstruktivnaya kritika antropnogo principa....


    hep-th/0407213 Nauchnye al'ternativy antropnomu principu (Scientific alternatives to the anthropic principle)
    Authors: Lee Smolin
    Comments: 43 pages, Contribution to "Universe or Multiverse", ed. by Bernard Carr et. al., to be published by Cambridge University Press. Some references and clarifications added

    Kritika antropnogo principa, privodimaya v dannoi stat'e, osnovyvaetsya na utverzhdenii o tom, chto princip ne mozhet dat' nikakih fal'sificiruemyh predskazaniya, a potomu ne mozhet yavlyat'sya chast'yu nauki (ochevidno v popperovskom ponimanii etogo slova). Stat'ya ves'ma i ves'ma interesna. Odnako zametim, chto vse-taki antropnyi princip UZhE daval vernye fal'sificiruemye predskazaniya. Poetomu problema v tom kak i v kakoi oblasti princip primenyaetsya.


    obzor physics/0407078 Princip Maha (Mach's Principle)
    Authors: Herbert Lichtenegger and Bahram Mashhoon
    Comments: 20 pages Subj-class: History of Physics; General Physics

    V nachale 20 veka Mah predpolozhil, chto inerciya lyubogo tela vyzvana ego vzaimodeistviem s udalennymi telami Vselennoi, a v pustom mire dvizhenie tel byli by bezynercionnymi. Etot princip ploho sochetaetsya s Obshei Teoriei Otnositel'nosti Einshteina, no po-prezhnemu vyzyvaet interes kak u fizikov, tak i u filosofov.

    V dannom obzore princip Maha rassmotren s tochki zreniya sovremennoi fiziki.


    Vypusk 81. 20-30 iyunya 2004

    astro-ph/0406629 RefSponse: Sistema ocenki literatury dlya soobshestva astronomov-professionalov (RefSponse: A Literature Evaluation System for the Professional Astrophysics Community)
    Authors: Robert E. Rutledge
    Comments: 10 pages

    Zapustili ochen' interesnuyu sistemu. Ideya primerno takaya zhe kak u AstroTopa, tol'ko prednaznachena sistema dlya ocenki statei po astronomii samimi astronomami-professionalami.

    Nahoditsya sistema zdes'. Ideya ee primerno takova:
    Professional'nye astronomy registriruyutsya v sisteme i nachinayut ocenivat' stat'i po 20-ball'noi shkale. Odnako daleko ne srazu ih ocenki nachinayut vliyat' na reiting stat'i. Dlya togo, chtoby eto proizoshlo neobhodimo vypolnenie neskol'kih uslovii:
    1. Tri stat'i, gde ocenivayushii uchenyi yavlyaetsya soavtorom, dolzhny poluchit' kak minimum tri ocenki ot treh razlichnyh pol'zovatelei.
    2. U ocenivayushego uchenogo dolzhno byt' bolee 10 vystavlennyh im ocenok za poslednii god.

    Esli my pravil'no razobralis', to est' odno interesnoe uslovie. Zadan kak by obshii vid raspredeleniya ocenok, poetomu ocenivayushii ne mozhet nachat' vystavlyat' ochen' vysokie bally. Esli hotite postavit' komu-to vysokii ball (a 3 schitaetsya uzhe vysokim), to nado budet umen'shat' bally vashih ocenok drugim stat'yam! Srednii ball dolzhen byt' 2.25 (ne vyshe). T.o. ocenivayushie budut stimulirovany peresmatrivat' svoi starye ocenki.

    Krome togo, "ves" ocenki zavisit ot "massy" ocenivayushego: uchenye, ch'i stat'i poluchili v sisteme vysokii reiting, budut imet' bOl'shii statisticheskii ves, t.e. smogut sil'nee vliyat' na reitingi drugih statei.

    Sistema tol'ko nachala rabotat', poetomu poka ocenok i uchastnikov nemnogo. Posmotrim, chto iz etogo vyidet.

    Poka yavno tam ne hvataet deleniya po razdelam (kak po oblasti issledovanii, tak i po tipu stat'i: obzor ili net).

    physics/0406116 Vsemirnaya kosmicheskaya ul'trafioletovaya observatoriya (World Space Observatory/Ultraviolet (WSO/UV): Progress Report)
    Authors: W. Wamsteker, H.J. Haubold
    Comments: 4 pages

    Ideya vsemirnyh kosmicheskih observatorii razvivaetsya pod egidoi OON. Sut' sostoit v tom, chtoby vse strany mogli uchastvovat' v proekte, pri etom, razumeetsya, nebogatye strany dolzhny kak-to izbezhat' bol'shih finansovyh zatrat. Osnovnym partnerom OON yavlyaetsya Evropeiskoe Kosmicheskoe Agenstvo (ESA).

    Ul'rafioletovaya missiya planiruetsya s 1.7-metrovym teleskopom. Osnovnye celi tipichny dlya normal'noi ul'trafioletovoi programmy.

    Trudno skazat' horosha ideya ili ploha. Esli rassmatrivat' tol'ko nauchnuyu sostavlyayushuyu, to dumaetsya, chto proekt ne iz luchshih. Yasno, chto budut dopolnitel'nye problemy organizacionnogo plana, kotoryh ne byvaet, esli v proekte uchastvuyut tol'ko "kosmicheskie" strany. Krome togo, yasno, chto vremya i dannye budut raspredelyat'sya ne proporcional'no nauchnym vozmozhnostyam kollektivov i otdel'nyh uchenyh. S drugoi storony, proekt ne stavit pered soboi lish' nauchnye zadachi. Smysl proekta ne tol'ko v poluchenii rezul'tatov v astronomii, no i razvitie nauki v stranah, gde seichas s etim ne vse blagopoluchno.

    physics/0406117 Razvitie fundamental'nyh nauk o kosmose v mire (Developing Basic Space Science World Wide: Progress Report)
    Authors: W. Wamsteker, H.J. Haubold
    Comments: 3pages

    Korotkaya zametka, v kotoroi privoditsya koe-kakaya lyubopytnaya statistika. Pereskazyvat' ne budem - chitaite.

    Vypusk 80. (01) - 12-20 iyunya 2004

    physics/0406079 Feierabend i fizika (Feyerabend and physics)
    Authors: Karl Svozil
    Comments: 14 pages, presented at the International Symposium Paul Feyerabend 1924-1994. A philosopher from Vienna, University of Vienna, June 18-19, 2004

    Korotkoe esse, posvyashennoe izvestnomu filosofu Polu Feierabendu.

    Vypusk 79. 01-11 iyunya 2004

    lekciya gr-qc/0405078 Kvantovaya pena i fenomenologiya kvantovoi gravitacii (Quantum Foam and Quantum Gravity Phenomenology)
    Authors: Y. Jack Ng
    Comments: 29 pages, 4 figures, lectures given at the 40th Karpacz Winter School on Theoretical Physics (Poland, Feb. 2004), submitted to Lect. Notes Phys

    Tol'ko seichas poyavilsya cross-listing na stat'yu Y. Jack Ng po kvantovoi pene.

    Osnovnoi vyvod avtora (kak i ran'she - my pisali o ego rabotah) pessimistichen: s pomosh'yu sovremennyh podhodov obnaruzhit' proyavleniya kvantovoi gravitacii v vide kvantovoi peny prakticheski nevozmozhno.

    Tem ne menee obzor prochest' stoit. On dostupen kazhdomu fiziku ili astronomu.


    Vypusk 78. 13-31 maya 2004

    astro-ph/0405451 K voprosu o korrelyacii mezhdu nedavnim tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya v okrestnostyah Solnca i periodami oledeneniya na Zemle (On the correlation between the recent star formation rate in the Solar Neighbourhood and the glaciation period record on Earth)
    Authors: R. de la Fuente Marcos, C. de la Fuente Marcos
    Comments: 20 pages, To be published in New Astronomy. Final, accepted version includes some changes

    My uzhe neodnokratno obrashalis' k voprosu o svyazi kosmicheskih luchei s izmeneniem klimata i k svyazi mezhdu potokom kosmicheskih luchei i tempa zvezdoobrazovaniya (sm., naprimer, odnu iz ANOK).

    V etoi stat'e avtory, vdohnovlennye rabotami Shaviva, rassmotreli korrelyacii mezhdu periodami oledeneniya na Zemle i tempom zvezdoobrazovaniya v 1.5 kpk vokrug Solnca. Poslednie dannye oni poluchali iz analiza parametrov rasseyannyh skoplenii i zvezdnyh associacii. Korrelyaciya okazalas' dostatochno horoshei, t.e. podtverzhdaetsya gipoteza o tom, chto periody oledenenii mogut byt' svyazany s processami v nashei kosmicheskoi okrestnosti.


    physics/0405066 Obzornaya stat'ya Al'berta Einshteina po teorii otnositel'nosti, napisannaya v 1916 godu (Albert Einstein's 1916 Review Article on General Relativity)
    Authors: Tilman Sauer
    Comments: 27 pages, 1 jpg image

    Stat'ya posvyashena istorii fiziki, a konkretno rannim rabotam Einshteina po teorii otnositel'nosti (v osnovnom rech' idet ob obshei).

    Sm. takzhe rabotu rossiiskih avtorov (gruppa Logunova): How Were the Hilbert--Einstein Equations Discovered?.

    Krome togo otmetim druguyu svezhuyu rabotu Tilmana Sauera (v soavtorstve) Hilbert's 'World Equations' and His Vision of a Unified Science.

    physics/0405073 Kometa Galleya 87 do n.e. na monetah armyanskogo carya Tigrana? (Halley of 87 BC on the Coins of Armenian King Tigranes?)
    Authors: V.G.Gurzadyan, R.Vardanyan
    Comments: 3 pages, figures of 3 coins with the comet's image; to appear in Astronomy & Geophysics, the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society (London)

    Korotkaya zametka, posvyashennaya izobrazheniyam na drevnih armyanskih monetah. Kak yasno iz nazvaniya, avtory rassmatrivayut gipotezu, chto izobrazhena kometa Galleya.

    Vypusk 76. 19-30 aprelya 2004

    ideya astro-ph/0404510 Universal'nye ogranicheniya na vychisleniya (Universal Limits on Computation)
    Authors: L.M.Krauss, G.D.Starkman
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett

    V poslednie 10-15 let, odnovremenno s ochen' bystrym razvitiem komp'yuterov, regulyarno poyavlyayutsya raboty v kotoryh ukazyvayut na te ili inye principial'nye (bolee ili menee) ogranicheniya na komp'yuternye vychisleniya. V dannoi stat'e predlozheno eshe odno, prichem universal'noe i kosmologicheskoe.

    Kak stalo izvestno neskol'ko let nazad poslednie 2-3 milliarda let nasha Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem. Po mere prodolzheniya takogo rasshireniya Vselennaya vse bol'she budet priblizhat'sya k miru de Sittera, v kotorom razmer gorizonta i postoyannaya Habbla ne menyayutsya so vremenem. Krome togo takaya Vselennaya budet zapolnena teplovym Hokingovskim izlucheniem, ishodyashim ot gorizonta, ego temperatura proporcional'na postoyannoi Habbla H (segodnya Vselennaya gorazdo goryachee):

    V rezul'tate poluchaetsya ochen' prostoe po smyslu ogranichenie: temperatura lyubogo komp'yutera ne mozhet byt' nizhe TH, togda dlya vypolneniya lyubogo elementarnogo deistviya (izmeneniya sostoyaniya 1-bitovoi yacheiki) potrebuetsya zatratit' energii (ili bol'she).

    Istochnikom energii mozhet sluzhit' tol'ko veshestvo, kotorogo na segodnyashnii moment vo Vselennoi okolo 30%. Esli vse eto veshestvo s maksimal'noi effektivnost'yu prevratit' v energiyu, a ee zatratit' na provedenie vychislenii, to udastsya obrabotat' sleduyushee kolichestvo informacii:


    !!! gr-qc/0404102 Ponimanie kvantovoi teorii v geometricheskih terminah (Understanding Quantum Theory in Terms of Geometry)
    Authors: Fatimah Shojai, Ali Shojai
    Comments: 88 Pages, 6 figures

    Avtory zayavlyayut, chto im uspeshno udalos' realizovat' geometricheskii podhod k Kvantovoi Mehanike. Ran'she, posledovatel'no i do konca, etot podhod byl realizovan tol'ko v Obshei Teorii Otnositel'nosti. Vozmozhno teper' poyavyatsya novye vozmozhnosti dlya sozdaniya davno ozhidaemoi teorii - kvantovoi gravitacii.


    physics/0404085 Ya kot, kotoryi gulyaet sam po sebe (I am the cat who walks by himself)
    Authors: Asher Peres
    Comments: 14 pages, To be published in a special volume of "Foundations of Physics" honoring the 70th birthday of the author

    Avtobiograficheskaya zametka, napisannaya izvestnym fizikom v ochen' interesnoi neformal'noi forme po sluchayu ego zhe semidesyatiletiya.

    physics/0404089 Dinamika hod'by (Dynamics of Human Walking)
    Authors: Valery B. Kokshenev
    Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures

    Fenomen chelovecheskogo pryamohozhdeniya rassmatrivaetsya s fizicheskoi tochki zreniya.

    Vypusk 75. 12-19 aprelya 2004

    obzor astro-ph/0404277 Istoriya astrofiziki v Antarktide (The History of Astrophysics in Antarctica)
    Authors: Balthasar T. Indermuehle et al.
    Comments: 29 pages, 10 figures, 1 table Submitted to PASA in April 2004

    Bol'shoi soderzhatel'nyi obzor po astrofizicheskim issledovaniya, provodivshimsya v Antarktike v 20 veke.

    Antarktida - s tochki zreniya astroklimata ochen' horoshee mesto. Gory, holodno, suho, net zasvetki. Krome togo, shestoi kontinent ochen' podhodit dlya zapuska razlichnoi apparatury na ballonah. Vse eto privodit k tomu, chto nesmotrya na surovyi klimat, otsutstvie infrastruktury i t.p. v Antarktike provodilos' i provoditsya mnogo vazhnyh eksperimentov. Samye izvestnye, pozhalui, otnosyatsya k issledovaniyam neitrino i k izucheniyu reliktovogo mikrovolnovogo fona. Podrobnosti - v obzore.


    physics/0404064 Fizika v fil'mah (Physics in Films: A New Approach to Teaching Science)
    Authors: Costas J. Efthimiou, Ralph Llewellyn
    Comments:Based on a talk by R.L. in EISTA 2003; contains 8 figures in eps format; to appear in the Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics

    Pomnitsya v sovetskoe vremya bylo dovol'no mnogo uchebnyh fil'mov po fizike, himii, biologii. Fil'my - eto deistvitel'no zdorovo. Nastoyashie eksperimenty, razumeetsya, eshe luchshe. No fil'm tochno luchshe komp'yuternoi simulyacii.

    Odnako zdes' avtory ispol'zuyut drugoi podhod. Oni berut ne special'nye uchebnye, a prosto populyarnye fil'my, i analiziruyut otdel'nye sceny s tochki zreniya fiziki. Trudno skazat' naskol'ko eto effektivno...

    Vypusk 74. 01-11 aprelya 2004

    physics/0404029 Slovo chernoi zhenshiny-astrofizika (A Word from a Black Female Relativistic Astrophysicist: Setting the Record Straight on Black Holes)
    Authors: Reva Kay Williams
    Comments: Letter paper, 13 pages, plain TeX

    Nikogda avtory etih obzorov ne smogut stol' zvuchno nachat' zaglavie gnevnoi fillipiki v adres nedobrazhelatelei (zhelayushie ubedit'sya, mogut vzglyanut' kak vyglyadyat "eti dva podozritel'nyh tipa": odin i drugoi)

    Delo dazhe ne v tom, chto ne nado pisat' "pesni gordye pro testo" v sluchae, esli na vas ploho ssylayutsya (edak lyuboi mozhet napisat'). Delo imenno v "sovremennom amerikanskom" podhode k probleme, prodemonstrirovannom Reva Kay Williams: "A Word from a Black Female". Skazhem, est' zhe i drugie nedovol'nye. Naprimer, De Rujula (odin iz avtorov nedavno s interesom poslushal ego doklad, vo mnogom posvyashennyi tomu, kakaya horoshaya model' u nih, i kakie plohie te, kto etomu soprotivlyaetsya). No ved' De Ruhula ne appeliruet k rasovym ili kakim-to eshe podobnym razlichiyam. V "voine" petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii i teorii strun tozhe vrode by ne perehodyat (v stat'yah po krainei mere) na stol' sil'nuyu argumentaciyu.

    V obshem my upomyanuli etu rabotu imenno potomu, chto otchasti udivleny, otchasti vozmusheny, otchasti opechaleny ....

    Vypusk 73. 16-31 marta 2004

    katalog astro-ph/0403325 Vtoroi reliz Sloanovskogo Cifrovogo Obzora Neba (The Second Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
    Authors: K. Abazajian et al. (the SDSS Collaboration)
    Comments: 24 pages, submitted to AJ.

    V publichnyi dostup vystavlen vtoroi reliz Sloanovskogo Cifrovogo Obzora Neba (SDSS=Sloan Digital Sky Survey). Teper' on pokryvaet 3324 kv.gradusa neba, soderzhit izobrazheniya i 5-cvetnuyu fotometriyu bolee chem 88 millionov ob'ektov, krome togo v nem soderzhatsya spektry 367360 galaktik i kvazarov. Glubina obzora v fil'tre r (r maloe) dostigaet 22 zvezdnoi velichiny. Astrometricheskaya tochnost' kataloga ~0.1". Pro etot katalog mozhno rasskazat' eshe mnogo interesnogo, no luchshe prochest' stat'yu ili posmotret' sait proekta skyserver.sdss.org.


    astro-ph/0403373 Opticheskaya astronomiya v YuAR posle aparteida: 1994 - 2004 (Optical Astronomy in Post-Apartheid South Africa: 1994 to 2004)
    Authors: Patricia Whitelock (South African Astronomical Observatory)
    Comments: 19 pages, 5 figures

    Eto ne stat'ya, a, skoree, ocherk po "noveishei istorii astronomii". Period - S 1994 po 2004 gody - sootvetstvuet nashei "pozdnei perestroike". Yuzhno-Afrikancam mozhno tol'ko pozavidovat' ...


    physics/0403089 V chem vopros? (What is a Question?)
    Authors: Kevin H. Knuth
    Comments: 16 pages, 6 figures, In: C. Williams (ed.) Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, Moscow ID 2002, AIP Conference Proceedings vol. 659, American Institute of Physics, Melville NY, pp. 227-242

    My nemnogo vol'no pereveli nazvanie stat'i. Avtor pytaetsya v ramkah nekotoroi formalizovannoi modeli otvetit' na vopros "chto takoe vopros?", "naskol'ko vopros soderzhit v sebe otvet?" ...

    q-bio.PE/0403023 Al'truizm mozhet yavlyat'sya rezul'tatom otbora (Altruism may arise from individual selection)
    Authors: Angel Sanchez, Jose A. Cuesta

    Lish' al'truisty v zlate brodyat, moi muravei
    ( Gunickii)

    Pochemu u lyudei (ne vseh, k sozhaleniyu) est' al'truisticheskie naklonnosti? Avtory dayut svoi otvet v ramkah igrovoi modeli.


    physics/0403112 Duel': struny protiv petel' (The Duel: Strings versus Loops)
    Authors: Ruediger Vaas
    Comments: 10 pages, Extended version from: Ruediger Vaas: Das Duell: Strings gegen Schleifen. Published in: bild der wissenschaft (2004), no. 4, pp. 44-49. - Translated by Martin Bojowald and Amitabha Sen. - 10 pages, including 1 table and references

    Kak ne ochen' shiroko izvestno, teoriya strun ne yavlyaetsya edinstvennym igrokom na pole. Est' eshe petlevaya kvantovaya gravitaciya. V proshlom godu v Potsdame proshla "konferenciya-disput" mezhdu predstavitelyami etih dvuh napravlenii. Dannaya stat'ya yavlyaetsya obzorom ee itogov.

    physics/0403115 Ot "ne neverno" k (mozhet byt') verno (From "Not Wrong" to (Maybe) Right)
    Authors: Frank Wilczek
    Comments: 3 pages, This is, in essence, a solicited "Turning Points" feature written for Nature. It appeared, in a slightly abbreviated form, in the March 18 issue, Nature vol. 428 p. 261

    Vzglyad izvestnogo uchenogo na to, kak delaetsya "nastoyashaya nauka" (na chastnyh primerah).

    Vypusk 72. 01-15 marta 2004

    gipoteza astro-ph/0403049 Mozhet li bystroe poyavlenie zhizni na Zemle imet' Marsianskuyu prirodu? (Does life's rapid appearance imply a Martian origin?)
    Authors: P.C.W. Davies
    Comments: 10 pages, no figures, research paper

    Zhizn' poyavilas' ne Zemle spustya sovsem nebol'shoe vremya posle ee obrazovaniya. Takoi rezul'tat dayut geologicheskie issledovaniya. Eto mozhet oznachat', chto zhizn' voznikaet vezde, gde tol'ko mozhno, t.e. shiroko rasprostranena vo Vselennoi. Drugoe vozmozhnoe ob'yasnenie, chto zhizn' zarodilas' ne na Zemle, daet teoriya panspermii. Analiz, provedeny avtorom pokazal, zhizni gorazdo legche bylo zarodit'sya na Marse, a na Zemlyu ee mogli zanesti meteority. (Zamechanie: lyuboi analiz podobnogo roda soderzhit ogromnoe chislo apriornyh i spornyh predpolozhenii, k ego vyvodam nado otnosit'sya s bol'shoi ostorozhnost'yu.)


    astro-ph/0403184 Opyt A&A otnositel'no impakt-faktorov (The A&A Experience With Impact Factors)
    Authors: Aa. Sandqvist
    Comments: 4 pages, to be published in A. Heck (ed.) "Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy, Vol. 5" (Kluwer, 2004)

    A&A - eto izvestnyi evropeiskii zhurnal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Impakt-faktor - eto indeks citiruemosti zhurnala (sm. naprimer zdes' i zdes'). Razumeetsya, chem vyshe indeks, tem prestizhnee zhurnal.

    Avtor stat'i utverzhdaet, chto impakt-faktor Astronomy & Astrophysics byl sushestvenno zanizhen, chto naneslo bolee chem ser'eznyi usherb imidzhu zhurnala.


    physics/0403056 Kratkaya istoriya obrazovaniya kapli (A brief history of drop formation)
    Authors: Jens Eggers
    Comments: 9 pages

    Avtor daet obzor (istoricheskii i ne tol'ko) issledovanii potokov zhidkostei.


    Fotografiya 1990 g. (Peregrin). Pokazana posledovatel'nost' sobytii, svyazannaya s bifurkaciei kapli vody. Pipetka imeet diametr 5.2 millimetra.


    Fotografiya 1891 g (Relei).

    Vypusk 71. 23-29 fevralya 2004

    physics/0402115 Tehnicheskoe opisanie i rabota detektora NEMO3 (Technical design and performance of the NEMO3 detector)
    Authors: the NEMO Collaboration: R. Arnold, et al
    Comments: 62 pages, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods A

    Eksperiment prednaznachen dlya poiska bezneitrinnogo dvoinogo beta raspada. Esli takoi kanal raspada budet obnaruzhen, to znachit neitrino maioranovskie, t.e. "sami sebe antichasticy".

    Stat'ya soderzhit podrobnoe opisanie etogo proishodyashego gluboko pod zemlei eksperimenta. Detali, konechno, interesny tol'ko specialistam. No avtoram udalos', na nash vzglyad, dat' ochen' kratkoe vvedenie v sut' problemy.

    physics/0402132 Novye predely na izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury so vremenem v nashe vremya (New limit on the present temporal variation of the fine structure constant)
    Authors: E. Peik et al
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

    Dany novye laboratornye predely na izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury so vremenem. Issledovalis' dannye po izmeneniyu chastoty perehoda v 171Yb+ na protyazhenii 2.8 let. Postavlennye predely (d (lnα)/dt=-0.3 +/-2 10-15/god) yavlyayutsya samymi sil'nymi na segodnyashnii den'.

    Vypusk 70. 16-22 fevralya 2004

    gr-qc/0401015 Kvantovaya pena (Quantum Foam)
    Authors: Y. Jack Ng
    Comments: 20 pages, 3 figures, talk given at the 10th Marcel Grossman Meeting (Rio de Janeiro, July 20 - 26, 2003)

    Avtor rassuzhdaet o svoistvah kvantovoi peny i vozmozhnosti zaregistrirovat' ee nalichie.


    physics/0402105 Mnogomernost' izmerenii (The Many Dimensions of Dimension)
    Authors: S. Deser
    Comments: 7 pages. Invited lecture, Nordstrom Memorial Symposium, Helsinki, August 2003, to appear in Proceedings

    Navernoe mnogie pomnyat knigu "Supersila" - ochen' horoshuyu, na nash vzglyad. Kazhetsya, tam est' glava s nazvaniem "Ne zhivem li my v 11-mernom prostranstve?" Seichas podobnye rassuzhdeniya kazhutsya dovol'no privychnymi i estestvennymi. A kogda-to .... Vspomnite hotya by Kanta.

    V etoi korotkoi stat'e avtor brosaet vzglyad na razvitie ponyatiya "razmernost' prostranstva" za poslednie primerno 100 let.

    Vypusk 69. 08-15 fevralya 2004

    astro-ph/0402212 Shirokougol'nyi korrektor dlya pervichnogo fokusa teleskora Richi-Kret'ena (A Wide-Field Corrector at the Prime Focus of a Ritchey-Chretien Telescope)
    Authors: V.Yu.Terebizh
    Comments: 16 pages in PDF, including 6 figures and 5 tables

    Redkaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya astronomicheskim intsrumentam.

    Populyarnaya v poslednie gody shema Richi-Kret'ena, sostoyashaya iz dvuh giperbolicheskih zerkal, pozvolyaet teleskopu imet' dostatochno bol'shoe pole zreniya (do 3o). No eto pole ne ploskoe (v pervichnom fokuse)! Mozhno li eto ispravit' i kak rasschitat' sootvetstvuyushuyu korrekcionnuyu plastinu, opisano v dannoi stat'e.


    hep-ph/0402098 Predely na vremennye variacii postoyannoi tonkoi struktury, mass kvarkov i i sil'nogo vzaimodeistviya po dannym o spektrah kvazarov i po eksperimentam s atomnymi chasami (Limits on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant, quark masses and strong interaction from quasar absorption spectra and atomic clock experiments)
    Authors: V. V. Flambaum et al.
    Comments: 8 pages, 1 figure, uses revtex4

    Obsuzhdayutsya sovremennye nablyudatel'nye i eksperimental'nye predely na variacii razlichnyh fundamental'nyh konstant so vremenem.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu Limits on the time variation of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant in the low energy limit from absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars, v kotoroi dayutsya novye astronomicheskie predely na izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury.

    Vypusk 68. 01-07 fevralya 2004

    astro-ph/0402111 Rasfokusirovka dzheta poperechnym vetrom: laboratornaya astrofizika (Jet Deflection via Cross winds: Laboratory Astrophysical Studies)
    Authors: S. Lebedev et al.
    Comments: Submitted to ApJ. For a version with figures go to http://web.pas.rochester.edu/~afrank/labastro/CW/Jet-Wind-Frank.pdf

    Privodyatsya rezul'taty laboratornyh eksperimentov so struyami plazmy. Issledovana rasfokusirovka strui poperechnym potokom veshestva. Vse eto imeet ochevidnye astrofizicheskie prilozheniya k dzhetam v aktivnyh yadrah galaktik i v molodyh zvezdah.

    Krome togo provedeno chislennoe modelirovanie kak eksperimenta, tak i astrofizicheskih dzhetov. Nablyudayutsya shodnye struktury, chto govorit o tom, chto my uzhe dostatochno horosho ponimaem mnogie aspekty fiziki astrofizicheskih strui.


    cond-mat/0402035 O razvitoi turbulentnosti v sverhzhidkostyah (On developed superfluid turbulence)
    Authors: G.E. Volovik
    Comments: JLTP style, 17 pages, 1 figure, prepared for Proceedings of conference Quantum Phenomena At Low Temperatures, Lammi, Finland, January 2004

    Eto po suti obzornaya rabota. Avtor dostatochno podrobno (i ponyatno) rasskazyvaet o turbulentnosti v sverhtekuchei zhidkosti. Pozhalui, v etom obzore kak raz horosho sbalansirovano kolichestvo teksta i formul, poetomu stat'ya dostupna lyubomu cheloveku s tehnicheskim ili fizicheskim obrazovaniem, kotoryi eshe ne vse uspel zabyt'.

    Vypusk 67. 26-31 yanvarya 2004

    vazhnaya ssylka astro-ph/0401526 Astrofizicheskaya seriya observatorii Karnegi (The Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series)
    Authors: Luis C. Ho
    Comments: The Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series is available online at http://www.ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/

    V svyazi so stoletnim yubileem observatoriya Karnegi nachinaet izdanie serii knig. Nachinaetsya izdanie s materialov chetyreh konferencii:
    (1) Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies [Ed. L. C. Ho]
    (2) Measuring and Modeling the Universe [Ed. W. L. Freedman]
    (3) Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and Galaxy Evolution [Ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, and A. Oemler]
    (4) Origin and Evolution of the Elements [Ed. A. McWilliam and M. Rauch]
    Prichem elektronnye versii uzhe dostupny!
    Vsyacheski rekomenduem.


    physics/0401124 Narushenie simmetrii razbeganiya murav'ev, vyzvannogo panikoi (Panic induced symmetry breaking in escaping ants)
    Authors: E. Altshuler, O. Ramos, Y. Nunez, J. Fernandez
    Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure

    Pochemu-to kazhetsya, chto eta stat'ya - sil'nyi pretendent na Ig-Nobelya.


    physics/0401128 Vne prostranstva i vremeni (Beyond Space And Ti)
    Authors: Ruediger Vaas
    Comments: 7 pages, English translation by Amitabha Sen of the German article "Jenseits von Raum und Zeit" by Ruediger Vaas, published in bild der wissenschaft (2003), no. 12, pp. 50-56

    Sudya po rezul'tatam poiska na SPIRES Ruediger Vaas pishet mnogo populyarnyh statei (v osnovnom na nemeckom) o sovremennoi fundamental'noi fizike. Eta stat'ya posvyashena v osnovnom petlevoi kvantovoi gravitacii (loop quantum gravity). Otmetim, chto toi zhe teme posvyashena zaglavnaya stat'ya nedavnego nomera Scientific American, tak chto vozmozhno, chto v skorom vremeni vyidet ee perevod v "V mire Nauki".


    cond-mat/0401529 Stohasticheskoe modelirovanie oshibok v citirovanii (Stochastic modeling of citation slips)
    Authors: M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury
    Comments: 12 pages, PDF only

    Ocherednaya rabota avtorov, kotorye pokazyvayut, chto indeks citiruemosti zavisit ne tol'ko ot zaslug avtorov, no i ot ryada drugih processov.


    Vypusk 66. 19-26 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401359 Pochti neszhimaemye planety: nekotoraya analitika (The quasi-incompressible planet: some analytics)
    Authors: Zakir F. Seidov
    Comments: 14 pp LaTeX

    Teoriya samogravitiruyushih politropnyh sharov razrabatyvalas' vo vtoroi polovine XIX veka. V 1907 g. v knige Emdena eta teoriya byla opublikovana v zakonchennom vide. No do sih por, vremya ot vremeni, poyavlyayutsya dopolneniya k nei.

    V dannoi rabote polucheny nekotorye tochnye i nekotorye priblizhennye formuly dlya vnutrennei struktury nevrashayushihsya (t.e. sfericheskih) politropnyh sharov iz pochti neszhimaemoi zhidkosti s indeksom politropy .

    PS: Indeks politropy opredelyaet svyaz' davleniya i plotnosti veshestva


    physics/0401110 Mezhdunarodnyi Eksperimental'nyi Termoyadernyi Reaktor (METR) i rasprostranenie termoyadernogo oruzhiya (ITER: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and the nuclear weapons proliferation implications of thermonuclear-fusion energy)
    Authors: Andre Gsponer, Jean-Pierre Hurni
    Comments: 67 pages, 4 tables, 6 figures

    Avtory polagayut, chto postroika v vysokotehnologichnoi Yaponii etogo reatora mozhet privesti kak k povysheniyu statusa etoi strany kak yadernoi derzhavy (t.e. yaponskie specialisty poluchat vse neobhodimye tehnologii), tak i voobshe k obostreniyu problemy (ne)rasprostraneniya etogo vida vooruzhenii (osobaya problema - tritii).

    physics/0401112 O postoyanstve elementarnyh chastic (On the Persistence of Particles)
    Authors: Jeremy Butterfield
    Comments: 31 pages Latex, no figures. Dedicated to the memory of James T. Cushing. Forthcoming in Foundations of Physics

    Priznaemsya srazu: my ne chitali etu rabotu, tol'ko prosmotreli. Eto ne fizika, a filosofiya. Dovol'no interesnaya na pervyi vzglyad. Vozmozhno, kto-to zahochet razobrat'sya v etom? My by s interesom pochitali izlozhenie....

    Vypusk 65. 12-19 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401228 Vklad raznyh stran v astronomicheskie issledovaniya (Impact of astronomical research from different countries)
    Authors: S.F.Sanchez, C.R.Benn
    Comments: 6 pages, 3 fig. Accepted for publishing in AN

    Ispol'zuya 1000 "top-saitnyh" (t.e. samyh citiruemyh) statei, opublikovannyh za 1991-98 gg. (po 125 statei za god), avtory issleduyut vklad raznyh stran, osnovyvayas' na meste raboty pervogo avtora stat'i (v astronomii seichas kak pravilo poryadok avtorov ne alfavitnyi, osobenno, esli avtorov mnogo).

    Razumeetsya, SShA - na pervom meste. U Rossii malo (vsego 2 top-saitnye stat'i, kak u Brazilii, Bel'gii, Ukrainy).


    astro-ph/0401274 Yavlyaetsya li Luna vse eshe udachnym mestom dlya astronomicheskih observatorii? (Does the Lunar Surface Still Offer Value As a Site for Astronomical Observatories?)
    Authors: Daniel F. Lester et al.
    Comments: 14 pages, 1 figure; submitted to Space Policy

    Nuzhna li Luna astronomam?

    V svyazi s planami razlichnyh stran po osvoeniyu Luny vozobnovlyayutsya diskussii o lunnyh observatoriyah. Avtory rassmatrivayut razlichnye varianty i prihodyat k takim vyvodam:
    1. Esli sozdat' horoshuyu infrastrukturu, to stroitel'stvo observatorii mozhet byt' ekonomicheski opravdano.
    2. Odnako, razvitie tehnologii privelo k tomu, chto v dannyi moment (poka infrastruktury net i neizvestno) bolee perspektivnymi vyglyadyat nablyudeniya s okolozemnyh orbit.


    physics/0401042 Asymmetric Errors
    Authors: Roger Barlow
    Comments: Talk presented at PHYSTAT2003, SLAC, September 2003. 6 Pages


    physics/0401044 Still Shrouded in Mystery: The Photon in 1925
    Authors: Richard A. Campos
    Comments: 22 pages, 2 figures

    Kommentirovannyi perevod odnoi iz rabot Einshteina.

    physics/0401053 Learning-focuses in physics simulation learning situations
    Authors: Ake Ingerman, Cedric Linder, Delia Marshall
    Comments: 6 pages, presented at the 12th SAARMSTE conference, Cape Town


    physics/0401062 Following Weyl on Quantum Mechanics: the contribution of Ettore Majorana
    Authors: A. Drago, S. Esposito
    Comments: LaTeX, 15 pages, 1 ps figure

    V istorii sovremennoi fiziki ne tak uzh mnogo misticheskih figur. Ettore Maiorana - odin iz ochen' nemnogih.

    Vypusk 64. 01-11 yanvarya 2004

    astro-ph/0401024 Prigodnaya dlya zhizni zona Galaktiki i raspredelenie slozhnoi zhizni po vozrastam v Mlechnom Puti (The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way)
    Authors: C.H.Lineweaver, Y.Fenner, B.K.Gibson
    Comments: 9 pages, 4 figs. Science 303 (2004) 59-62

    Dlya vozniknoveniya zhizni trebuetsya, chtoby odnovremenno vypolnyalos' bol'shoe chislo uslovii (rech', konechno, idet o zhizni zemnogo tipa): zhizn' voznikaet na planetah zemnogo tipa s umerennymi klimaticheskimi usloviyami, dlya vozniknoveniya zhizni trebuetsya dostatochno dolge vremya i t.d. Pervoe uslovie oznachaet, chto zhizn' voznikaet v oblastyah s dostatochno vysokim obiliem tyazhelyh elementov, vtoroe nakladyvaet ogranichenie na poluos' orbity planety, tret'e - chto zhizn' voznikaet na planetah dolgozhivushih zvezd (t.e. maloi i umerennoi massy). Sintez tyazhelyh elementov (do zheleza) proishodit v nedrah zvezd, v mezhzvezduyu sredu oni vybrasyvayutsya pri vzryvah sverhnovyh ili, v men'shei stepeni, zvezdnym vetrom. Samye tyazhelye elementy sinteziruyutsya neposredstvenno vo vremya vzryvov sverhnovyh. No vzryvy sverhnovyh mogut razrushitel'no vozdeistvovat' na voznikayushuyu zhizn'. Eti rassuzhdeniya mozhno prodolzhat', imenno oni soderzhatsya v ukazannoi stat'e.


    Izmenenie prigodnoi dlya obitaniya zony Galaktiki v zavisimosti ot vremeni i rasstoyaniya ot ee centra.


    Vypusk 63. 16-31 dekabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0312639 Novaya biologiya krasnyh dozhdei: ekstremofily i kometnaya panspermiya (New biology of red rain extremophiles prove cometary panspermia)
    Authors: Godfrey Louis, A. Santhosh Kumar
    Comments: 17 pages, 6 figures, see related paper astro-ph/0310120

    Eshe odna stat'ya o krasnyh dozhdyah v shtate Kerala v Indii. Dozhdi sledovali za padeniem bolida, veroyatno, fragmentom komety. Krasnyi cvet vody byl vyzvan neobychnymi mikroorganizmami. Mogli li oni byt' prineseny k nam iz kosmosa?


    Vypusk 62. 01-15 dekabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0312059 Proekt Skysoft (The Skysoft Project)
    Authors: C. Baffa, E. Giani, A. Checcucci
    Comments: 4 pages

    Proekt Skysoft - internet kollekciya astronomicheskogo programmnogo obespecheniya razlichnogo urovnya ot prostogo professional'nogo i polu professional'nogo do lyubitel'skogo (no poslednego malo). Avtory nadeyutsya, chto ot drugih kollekcii astronomicheskogo softa, sushestvuyushih segodnya v seti, eta budet otlichat'sya professional'noi podderzhkoi i orientaciei ne tol'ko na pol'zovatelei, no i na razrabotchikov. V nastoyashee vremya po adresu http://www.skysoft.org dostupny 197 programm.


    physics/0312012 Teoriya strun, Vselenskii razum i paranormal'nye yavleniya (String Theory, Universal Mind, and the Paranormal)
    Authors: Brian D. Josephson
    Comments: 20KB HTML file. To appear in the Proceedings of the Second European Samueli Symposium, Freiburg, October 2003. In this version minor errors have been corrected, and a concluding comment added concerning classification. Keywords: ESP, string theory, anthropic principle, thought bubble, universal mind, mental state

    My prosto ne mogli proiti mimo dannogo fenomena.
    Braian Dzhozefson - eto tot samyi Dzhozefson! Nobelevskii laureat 1973 g. Professor v Kembridzhe, sotrudnik Kavendishskoi laboratorii ... Bolee 30 let zanimaetsya issledovaniem paranormal'nyh yavlenii.

    Vozmozhno, chto komu-to budet interesno pochitat' ...

    physics/0312059 Izmerenie znachimosti v fizike vysokih energii i v astrofizike (Measures of Significance in HEP and Astrophysics)
    Authors: J. T. Linnemann
    Comments: Talk from PhyStat2003, Stanford, Ca, USA, September 2003, 5 pages, LaTex, 2 eps figures. MOBT001

    Obychno eksperimentatory rabotayut s "tyazhelymi" dannymi - na predele chuvstvitel'nosti svoih priborov. Poetomu ochen' ostro stoit vopros o znachimosti rezul'tatov. Dannaya zametka posvyashena kak raz proyasneniyu etoi problemy.

    physics/0312061 Instrumentarii (Instrumentation)
    Authors: Jurgen Engelfried
    Comments: Lecture course given at the 2nd Latin American School of High Energy Physics, San Miguel Regla, Mexico, June 1-14, 2003. To be published in a CERN Yellow Report

    Lekcii, posvyashennye instrumentariyu fiziki elementarnyh chastic. Material dostatochno tehnicheskii, no (na nash neprofessional'nyi vzglyad) dostatochno polnyi i dostupnyi.

    Vypusk 61. 16-30 noyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0311334 Ogranicheniya na variacii G po dannym o nukleosinteze (A New Nucleosynthesis Constraint on the Variation of G)
    Authors: Craig J. Copi, Adam N. Davis, Lawrence M. Krauss
    Comments: 3 pages revtex including 1 figure

    Astrofizicheskie dannye pozvolyayut (model'no zavisimym obrazom) davat' ogranicheniya na izmeneniya fundamental'nyh konstant. V tom chisle i na ogranichenie gravitacionnoi postoyannoi.

    Osnovyvayas' na dannyh po pervichnomu deiteriyu, avtory pokazyvayut, chto otnoshenie gravitacionnoi postoyannoi vo vremya pervichnogo nukleosinteza k ee znacheniyu v nashi dni sostavlyaet ot 1.21 do 0.85 (so srednim znachenie 1.01) na urovne dostovernosti 68.3%.


    astro-ph/0311337 Geneticheskie anomalii na Tunguske i elektrofonnye meteory (Tunguska genetic anomaly and electrophonic meteors)
    Authors: Z.K. Silagadze
    Comments: 15 pages, LaTeX, A&A style

    Avtor ishodit iz dannyh o povyshenii chisla geneticheskih anomalii u rastenii, nasekomyh i t.d. v raione Tungusskogo sobytiya (kak v epicentre, tak i vdol' traektorii). Avtor vydvigaet gipotezu, chto faktorom, zapuskayushim molekulyarnye mehanizmy, privodyashie k mutaciyam, posluzhilo moshnoe nizkochastotnoe elektromagnitnoe izluchenie, ispuskavsheesya padayushim telom (otsyuda svyaz' s elektrofonnymi meteorami).

    Otmetim, chto stat'yu prosto interesno chitat' blagodarya shirokomu ohvatu soputstvuyushih fenomenov.


    astro-ph/0311380 Q-LET - programmnyi kod dlya modelirovaniya gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya (Q-LET - Quick Lensing Estimation Tool - An application to SN2003es)
    Authors: Christofer Gunnarsson
    Comments: 16 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to JCAP.

    Q-LET - kod na yazyke FORTRAN 77, prednaznachennyi dlya bystrogo (uproshennogo) modelirovaniya effektov gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya na tochechnyh i protyazhennyh ob'ektah. Pol'zovatel' zadaet polozhenie galaktiki-linzy (koordinaty i krasnoe smeshenie, galaktika schitaetsya izotermicheskoi sferoi) otnositel'no linziruemogo istochnika. Programmnoe obespechenie dostupno po adresu .


    gr-qc/0311055 Fenomenologiya kvantovoi gravitacii, lorenc-invariantnost' i diskretnost' (Quantum Gravity Phenomenology, Lorentz Invariance and Discreteness)
    Authors: Fay Dowker, Joe Henson, Rafael D. Sorkin
    Comments: 12 pages

    Avtory pokazyvayut, chto diskretnost' prostranstva-vremeni ne obyazatel'no vlechet za soboi narushenie lokal'noi lorenc-invariantnosti. Oni obsuzhdayut vozmozhnye nablyudatel'nye testy, i, v chastnosti, prihodyat k vyvodu, chto est' nadezhda razlichit' razlichnye teorii, t.k. v nekotoryh iz nih takoe narushenie vse-taki neizbezhno.


    astro-ph/0311464 O kritike Mahom N'yutona i Kopernika (On Mach's critique of Newton and Copernicus)
    Authors: Herbert I. Hartman, Charles Nissim-Sabat
    Comments: 19 pages, Am.J.Phys. 71, 1163 (2003)

    V nachale XX veka Mah vyskazal gipotezu o prirode inercii, kotoraya privlekaet vnimanie i vyzyvaet diskussii do sih por. Drugie ego idei menee izvestny, no gipotezy ne menee interesny.


    astro-ph/0311495 Uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi ili smeshivanie aksionov i fotonov (Cosmic acceleration vs axion-photon mixing)
    Authors: Bruce A. Bassett
    Comments: 4 pages, 5 colour figures

    Ochen' prostaya i krasivaya ideya: my nablyudaem dalekie sverhnovye tipa Ia i vidim, chto oni neskol'ko slabee, chem dolzhny byli by byt' vo Vselennoi rasshiryayusheisya soglasno modelyam Fridmana. I my delaem vyvod, chto Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya uskorenno. No snizhenie svetimosti mozhet byt' svyazano s tem, chto chast' fotonov po puti k nam prevratilis' v drugie chasticy - aksiony. (Primerno takoe zhe yavlenie privodilo k nedostatku neitrino ot Solnca na Zemle i zakonchilos' otkrytiem smeshivaniya razlichnyh sortov neitrino.) Strogim dokazatel'stvom smeshivaniya mozhet stat' obnaruzhenie sistematicheskoi raznicy mezhdu fotometricheskimi rasstoyaniyami (opredelyaemymi po svetimosti dalekih ob'ektov) i uglovymi rasstoyaniyami (opredelyaemymi po uglovomu diametru dalekogo ob'ekta).

    [Zamechanie: Veroyatno eta krasivaya ideya vse-taki ne verna, poskol'ku uskorenie rasshireniya Vselennoi nezavisimo podtverzhdaetsya i po chito kosmologicheskim dannym.]


    physics/0311105 Vvedenie v statisticheskie voprosy fiziki chastic (Introduction to Statistical Issues in Particle Physics)
    Authors: Roger Barlow
    Comments: Talk MOAT002 at PHYSTAT2003 Conference, Stanford, September 2003. 8 pages, 4 figures

    Na nash vzglyad ochen' interesnoe i ponyatnoe vvedenie v nekotorye kazalos' by tehnicheskie, no po suti ochen' vazhnye voprosy fiziki chastic. Navernoe, nazvanie odnogo iz punktov stat'i - "kogda zayavlyat' ob otkrytii?" - horosho illyustriruet, chemu posvyashena eta zametka.

    Vypusk 60. 01-15 noyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0311315 3-mernaya spektroskopiya plotnyh polei (Crowded Field 3D Spectroscopy)
    Authors: Thomas Becker, Sergei Fabrika, Martin M. Roth
    Comments: 4 pages, 8 figures

    Redkaya stat'ya, kotoraya hotya by chastichno posvyashena metodam sovremennyh nablyudenii, v dannom sluchae spektroskopii.

    Termin 3-mernaya (3D) spektroskopiya primenyaetsya dlya nablyudenii, kogda v kazhdoi tochke polya zreniya (eto 2 izmereniya) stroitsya spektr (+ eshe 1 izmerenie).

    Obsuzhdaemye algoritmy primenyayutsya k real'nomu ob'ektu - planetarnoi tumannosti v M31. Rezul'taty ochen' horoshie.

    Primenenie algoritma vosstanovleniya izobrazheniya na testovom ob'ekte


    Vypusk 59. 19-31 oktyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0310625 Uskoritel'nye eksperimenty - astrofizike (Accelerator Experiments for Astrophysics)
    Authors: Johnny S. T. Ng
    Comments: 12 pages, To be published in the proceedings of the Joint 28th ICFA Workshop on Quantum Aspects of Beam Physics, Hiroshima, Japan, Jan. 7-11, 2003

    Vselennuyu ne zrya nazyvayut "uskoritelem dlya bednyh". Priroda sama predostavlyaet nam chasticy s energiyami do 1020 eV (i dazhe vyshe), kotorye dazhe v mechtah nedostizhimy dlya laboratornoi fiziki. No vse ponimayut preimushestva obychnogo "nastol'nogo" eksperimenta pered astronomicheskimi nablyudeniyami. Eto tochnost', kontroliruemost' i t.p. Poetomu interesno obsudit' takoi povorot sobytii: chto sovremennaya uskoritel'naya fizika mozhet dat' astrofizike.

    Krome kalibrovki priborov i t.p. avtor obsuzhdaet neskol'ko vozmozhnyh eksperimentov. Odin iz nih - eto elektron-pozitronnye puchki v kachestve relyativistskoi plazmy. Ideya v tom, chtoby smeshat' elektronnyi i pozitronnyi puchki, kotorye dadut potok, analogichnyi relyativistskoi e+e-plazme.

    Otmetim rabotu "Supernova Science at Spallation Neutron Sources", v kotoroi obsuzhdaetsya rol' laboratornyh eksperimentov dlya ponimaniya fiziki sverhnovyh.


    gr-qc/0310088 Mogut li obychnye sily ob'yasnit' anomal'noe uskorenie Pionerov 10 i 11 ? (Can conventional forces really explain the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer 10/11 ?)
    Authors: J. P. Mbelek, M. Michalski
    Comments: 9 pages, no figure

    Anomal'noe uskorenie sputnikov Pioner do sih por ne daet pokoya mnogim issledovatelyam. Chto tol'ko ne predlagali dlya ob'yasneniya effekta. V dannoi rabote rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob ob'yasnenii effekta bez privlecheniya ekzotiki. Raznicu v povedenii Pionera - 10 i Pionera - 11 udaetsya ob'yasnit' bez novoi fiziki (effekt okazalsya svyazannym s vrasheniem apparatov). A vot sam effekt anomal'nogo uskoreniya vozmozhno taki trebuet ekzotiku.

    (Blagodarim S.I. Blinnikova za kommentarii po etoi rabote.)


    gr-qc/0310107 Ustoichivye gravizvezdy - al'ternativa chernym dyram? (Stable gravastars - an alternative to black holes?)
    Authors: Matt Visser, David L. Wiltshire
    Comments: 19 pages, 5 figures; uses iopart.cls, setstack.sty

    Nedavno v SMI (vklyuchaya Scientific American) proshla novost' (podannaya v neskol'ko preuvelichennom klyuche) o rabote Mazura i Mottoly po al'ternative chernym dyram. Avtory predlozhili model', v kotoroi blagodarya fazovomu perehodu v sostoyanie ves'ma specificheskogo kondensata obrazuetsya ob'ekt bez singulyarnosti, gorizonta sobytii i t.p. Takzhe avtory polagayut, chto oni reshili tem samym problemu bol'shoi entropii chernyh dyr. Sami Mazur i Mottola rassmotreli lish' teplovuyu ustoichivost' naidennogo imi resheniya. V dannoi rabote Visser i Viltshir rassmatrivayut dinamicheskuyu ustoichivost' resheniya, podobnogo poluchennomu Mazurom i Motolloi.


    Vypusk 58. 01-17 oktyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0310064 Teleskopy s vrashayushimsya ob'ektivom (Telescopic system with a rotating objective element)
    Authors: G. Chadzitaskos, J. Tolar
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures

    Chuvstvitel'nost' teleskopa opredelyaetsya ploshad'yu zerkala (ili antenny), a razreshenie - ego lineinymi razmerami. Situaciya, kogda ploshadi kruglogo zerkala dostatochno dlya nablyudeniya kakogo-libo ob'ekta, a razresheniya ne hvataet, vstrechaetsya dostatochno chasto. Eta problema reshaetsya s pomosh'yu postroeniya interferometrov ili (v radiodiapazone) metodom sinteza apertur.

    V dannoi zametke predlozhen drugoi metod: zerkalo opticheskogo teleskopa delaetsya vytyanutym v odnom napravlenii i vrashaetsya vokrug osei opticheskoi osi.

    Primer asimmetrichnogo zerkala

    Za odin oborot zerkala delaetsya posledovatel'nost' snimkov pri raznyh ego polozheniyah. Izobrazheniya zapisyvayutsya v komp'yuter, a zatem iz nih stroitsya edinoe izobrazhenie, sootvetstvuyushee kruglomu zerkalu s diametrom, ravnym naibol'shemu iz razmerov vrashayushegosya elementa. Algoritmy sozdaniya podobnogo izobrazheniya na segodnyashnii den' horosho izvestny. A glavnoe, takoi teleskop budet men'she vesit' i men'she stoit'.


    astro-ph/0310120 Kometnaya panspermiya mozhet ob'yasnit' krasnye dozhdi v Kerale (Cometary panspermia explains the red rain of Kerala)
    Authors: G.Louis and A.Santhosh Kumar
    Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nature

    Krasnye dozhdi shli v shtate Kerala v Indii s iyulya po sentyabr' 2001 goda. Dozhdevaya voda soderzhala bol'shoe kolichestvo mikroorganizmov, kotorye i ob'yasnyali ee okrasku. Etim dozhdyam predshestvovalo padenie krupnogo bolida. Avtory rassmatrivayut vozmozhnost' ob'yasneniya fenomena dozhdei padeniem i raspadom v zemnoi atmosfere nebol'shoi komety. V etom sluchae mikroorganizmy mogli by imet' vnezemnuyu prirodu.

    Mesta, gde nablyudalis' krasnye dozhdi
    Krasnaya dozhdevaya voda i mikroorganizmy pri uvelichenii v 400 i v 1000 raz. Razmery mikroorganizmov ot 4 do 12 mikron, cherta na foto imeet dlinu 10 mikron.

    Stat'ya budet napravlena v zhurnal Nature.


    astro-ph/0310368 Chto obshego u astrofiziki i drevneishei professii? (What do astrophysics and the world's oldest profession have in common?)
    Authors: Martin Lopez-Corredoira
    Comments: 23 pages (english version) + 23 pages (spanish version, submitted to Dikaiosyne).

    Eta stat'ya ne astrofizicheskaya, v nei opisyvayutsya ne novye astronomicheskie rezul'taty ili idei, a te processy, kotorye seichas proishodyat v astronomicheskom soobshestve. Perechislyu zagolovki ee razdelov: studenty; postdoki, postoyannye dolzhnosti; publikacii, recenzenty; konferencii; finansy i politika finansirovaniya; pechat', televidenie, propaganda; raspredelenie nablyudatel'nogo vremeni; razvitie/stagnaciya nauki; "neoficial'naya" nauka; otnoshenie filosofov k nauke.

    Avtora yavno ne raduyut mnogie tendencii sovremennoi astrofiziki (a takzhe i drugih nauk), no i nekotorye osnovaniya dlya optimizma u nego tozhe est'.

    Osobo otmetim, chto avtor yavlyaetsya dostatochno izvestnym deistvuyushim uchenym, i on ne imel svoei cel'yu diskreditaciyu sovremennoi astronomii. Odnako, nekotorye citaty, vyrvannye iz obshego konteksta, mogut byt' dlya etogo ispol'zovany. Sootvetstvenno, nuzhno s vnimaniem otnosit'sya k obshemu tonu stat'i, ne fiksiruyas' isklyuchitel'no na kriticheskih momentah.


    physics/0310001 Indiiskaya fizika (Indian Physics: Outline of Early History)
    Authors: Subhash Kak
    Comments: 36 pages

    Nikto ne udivitsya, esli skazat', chto "Indiya - rodina slonov", po-krainei mere oni tam zhivut (sm. pachku togo samogo chaya). Takzhe my horosho znaem, chto Indiya - strana odnoi iz mirovyh religii i drevnei kul'tury. Izvestny drevne indiiskie filosofiya, literatura, matematika. Drevneindiiskaya fizika izvestna v men'shei stepeni. Subhash Kak, o stat'yah kotorogo po istorii indiiskoi astronomii my zhe pisali, pytaetsya rasskazat' o rannei istorii fiziki v Indii. Ne buduchi kompetentnymi v etoi oblasti, my zatrudnyaemsya dat' kakoi-to razvernutyi kommentarii, no chitat' interesno.

    cond-mat/0310021 Klassicheskii i kvantovyi rezhimy sverhtekuchei turbulentnosti (Classical and quantum regimes of the superfluid turbulence)
    Authors: G.E. Volovik
    Comments: 11 pages, 1 figure, version submitted to JETP Letters

    Original'naya teoreticheskaya rabota, posvyashennaya turbulentnosti v sverhtekuchei zhidkosti.

    Vypusk 57. 22-30 sentyabrya

    miniobzor astro-ph/0309626 Termoyadernye rentgenovskie vspyshki: teoriya i nablyudeniya (Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts: Theory vs. Observations)
    Authors: Andrew Cumming (University of California, Santa Cruz)
    Comments: 11 pages, 6 figures

    Veshestvo, akkreciruyushee na neitronnuyu zvezdu, postepenno nakaplivaetsya na ee poverhnosti, uplotnyaetsya i v nem mogut nachat'sya termoyadernye reakcii. Gorenie etogo veshestva obychno idet vzryvnym obrazom - front plameni za neskol'ko sekund probegaet po vsei poverhnosti neitronnoi zvezdy. Pohozhie processy mogut proishodit' i na medlenno akkreciruyushih belyh karlikah, no tam sovsem drugie plotnosti i temperatury veshestva.


    astro-ph/0309826 Lozhnye sobstvennye dvizheniya kvazarov po izmereniyam geodezicheskoi seti VLBI (Quasar Apparent Proper Motion Observed by Geodetic VLBI Networks)
    Authors: D. S. MacMillan
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures

    My uzhe pisali (sm. obzor N56), chto s pomosh'yu sistemy VLBI provodyatsya regulyarnye geodezicheskie (geodinamicheskie) izmereniya. Oni vedutsya s 1979 goda, a s 1990 eta programma prinyala sleduyushii vid: 2-3 raza v nedelyu provodyatsya 24-chasovye geodezicheskie sessii nablyudenii v kotoryh zadeistvovany ot 4 do 7 antenn seti VLBA (nacional'noi amerikanskoi VLBI) i v techenii takoi sessii nablyudaetsya 40-50 istochnikov (kvazarov).

    Okazalos', chto po dannym geodezicheskih sessii za 1979-2003 gg. u bol'shogo chisla kvazarov est' znachimye nenulevye sobstvennye dvizheniya: u 580 istochnikov tochnosti opredeleniya sobstvennyh dvizhenii sostavlyayut 0.5 mas/god i luchshe (eti ob'ekty pokazany na risunke), a dlya 50-60 ob'ektov ih sobstvennye dvizheniya otlichayutsya ot nulya bolee, chem na 3.

    580 kvazarov, ch'i sobstvennye dvizheniya izmereny s tochnost'yu luchshe, chem 0.5 mas/god. (Bukva "u" na risunke zamenyaet ).

    Konechno, eti sobstvennye dvizheniya iskusstvennye. Ukazaniyami na eto sluzhat otsutstvie zavisimosti sobstvennyh dvizhenii ot krasnyh smeshenii kvazarov (t.e. ot rasstoyanii do nih) i nelineinoe izmenenie polozheniya istochnikov so vremenem (sm. dva sleduyushih risunka).

    Prichina dannogo yavleniya ne vpolne yasna. Skoree vsego ono svyazano s izmeneniem struktury izluchayushih ob'ektov ili geometrii seti antenn.


    Vypusk 56. 13-20 sentyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0309393 Vklad seti VLBA v geodinamiku (Contribution of the VLBA Network to Geodynamics)
    Authors: Leonid Petrov
    Comments: 5 pages, 4 figures.

    Metod mezhkontinental'noi radiointerferometrii (VLBI - Very Long Base Interferometry) byl predlozhen v 1965 godu Kardashevym, Matveenko i Sholomickim. Segodnya antenny dlya VLBI ustanovleny po vsemu zemnomu sharu, samaya krupnaya nacional'naya set' takih antenn nahoditsya v SShA i nazyvaetsya VLBA. V rezul'tate VLBI-nablyudenii poluchaetsya izobrazhenie kompaktnogo vnegalakticheskogo radioistochnika i informaciya o dvizhenii otnositel'no etogo istochnika antenn seti. Vse izmereniya vedutsya s vysokoi tochnost'yu, na vyhode, posle obrabotki dannyh, poluchaetsya informaciya o rasstoyaniyah mezhdu antennami v moment nablyudeniya i o skorostyah ih dvizhenii.

    Dlya astronomov eta informaciya nosit pobochnyi harakter - ee nado uchest', chtoby povysit' tochnost' opredeleniya koordinat nablyudaemogo istochnika. No eta informaciya cenna sama po sebe: segodnya primerno 1/5 vseh geodezicheskih nablyudenii provoditsya v rezhime VLBI (i izvlekaetsya iz ih dannyh). Tak set' VLBA za poslednie 10 let dala cenneishie rezul'taty po dinamike Severo-Amerikanskogo materika. Nekotorye iz etih rezul'tatov kratko opisany v stat'e.


    astro-ph/0309415 Mog li gamma-vsplesk vyzvat' poslednee massovoe vymiranie vidov v Ordovikskom periode? (Did a gamma-ray burst initiate the late Ordovician mass extinction?)
    Authors: A. Melott et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, no figures.

    Po krainei mere pyat' raz v istorii Zemli proishodilo massovoe vymiranie vidov - ischezal sushestvennyi procent sushestvovavshih k tomu momentu vidov, snizhalas' obshaya chislennost' zhivyh sushestv. Bylo predlozheno mnogo ob'yasnenii etih fenomenov, odno iz nih - gamma-vspleski. Izluchenie gamma-vspleska vidno iz lyubogo ugolka Vselennoi. Podobnaya vspyshka v nashei Galaktike mozhet okazat' sushestvennoe vozdeistvie na biosferu Zemli.

    Kak gamma-vsplesk vozdeistvuet na biosferu Zemli? Pryamoe vozdeistvie izlucheniya gamma-vspleska na zhivye sushestva, po-vidimomu, neveliko. Sushestvenno bolee vazhnym okazyvaetsya dissociaciya molekul azota N2 i kisloroda O2. Himicheskie radikaly azota, voznikayushie v etom processe, vynosyatsya v verhnie sloi atmosfery i razrushayut ozonovyi sloi. Na ego vosstanovlenie uhodit ot neskol'kih mesyacev do neskol'kih let, vse eto vremya poverhnost' Zemli podvergaetsya moshnomu oblucheniyu solnechnym ul'trafioletom. Krome togo v atmosfere obrazuetsya okis' azota NO2, kotoraya pogloshaet vidimyi svet i mozhet vyzvat' global'noe snizhenie temperatury na poverhnosti Zemli.

    Poslednee vymiranie vidov, sluchivsheesya v Ordovike, harakterno tem, chto vymiranie morskih sushestv zaviselo ot glubiny ih obitaniya (sil'nee vsego postradali vidy zhivushie u poverhnosti). Eto yavnoe ukazanie na to, chto prichinoi etogo vymiraniya bylo rezkoe usilenie ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniya, vozmozhno vyzvannoe blizkim gamma-vspleskom. Odnovremenno vsplesk vyzyvaet kratkovremennoe global'noe poholodanie takzhe usilivshee processy vymiraniya.


    astro-ph/0309462 Nauchnye dostizheniya HETE-2 (Scientific Highlights of the HETE-2 Mission)
    Authors: D.Q.Lamb et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 9 figures.

    Posle zapuska v oktyabre 2000 g. rentgenovskii sputnik HETE-2 ochen' produktivno porabotal. Nesmotrya na ostal'nuyu nauchnuyu programmu, osnovnymi ego uspehami okazalis' gamma-vspleski, kotoryh on uzhe zaregistriroval 250 (iz nih 43 - s lokalizaciei na nebe). Sputnik podtverdil svyaz' mezhdu gamma-vspleskami i sverhnovymi tipa Ic. [Prim.: Eta svyaz' na segodnyashnii den' eshe ne dokazana.] i etot rezul'tat avtory obzora schitayut luchshim v dannom eksperimente. Takzhe ustanovleno, chto izotropnoe energovydelenie gamma-vspleskov (ocenka energii vspleska, sdelannaya v predpolozhenii izotropii ego izlucheniya) strogo korelliruet s ih krasnymi smesheniyami, t.e. ob'ekty porozhdayushie gamma-vspleski ispytyvayut kosmologicheskuyu evolyuciyu. Krome togo HETE-2 provel ryad nablyudenii rentgenovskih oreolov gamma-vspleskov i reshil problemu "opticheski temnyh" vspleskov.

    Sputnik HETE-2.


    Vypusk 55. 01-12 sentyabrya 2003

    astro-ph/0309312 Prilivnye radiusy sharovyh skoplenii i massa Mlechnogo Puti (Tidal radii of globular clusters and the mass of the Milky Way)
    Authors: Michele Bellazzini (INAF - Oss. Astron. di Bologna)
    Comments: LaTex. 6 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS

    Do sih por edinstvennym pryamym sposobom opredeleniya massy nashei Galaktiki bylo izmerenie skorostei krugovyh dvizhenii tel v ee udalennyh chastyah. Avtorom dannoi stat'i primenen drugoi sposob - cherez opredelenie prilivnyh radiusov (radiusov za kotorymi zvezdy "vyryvayutsya" iz skoplenii prilivnymi silami, deistvuyushimi so storony Mlechnogo Puti) dalekih (R>35 kpk) sharovyh skoplenii. Etot metod daet nezavisimuyu ocenku massy Galaktiki vnutri sfer s radiusami ot 35 do 100 kpk. Novyi rezul'tat horosho sovpadaet so starym (t.e. sootvetstvuet nablyudaemym na bol'shih rasstoyaniyah lineinym skorostyam krugovogo dvizheniya ravnym Vc=220+/-40 km/s. Naibolee tochnyi rezul'tat poluchen po sharovomu skopleniyu NGC 2419:

    MGal(R<90 kpk) = 1.4(+2.9/-1.0)x1012 Mo.


    astro-ph/0309322 Sistemy zvezdnyh velichin v staryh katalogah zvezd (Magnitude systems in old star catalogues)
    Authors: Tomoko Fujiwara et al.
    Comments: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

    Zvezdnye velichiny vpervye byli vvedeny Gipparhom vo 2 g. do nashei ery. Sostavlennyi im katalog soderzhal 850 zvezd, 20-ti samym yarkim iz kotoryh byla prisvoena 1-ya zvezdnaya velichina. Etoi zhe koncepcii priderzhivalsya samyi izvestnyi antichnyi zvezdnyi katalog "Al'magest", sostavlennyi Ptolemeem v 137 g. nashei ery (kak schitaetsya). Zvezdnye velichiny svetil, poluchennyh nevooruzhennym glazom, privodyatsya eshe v semi starinnyh katalogah. Strogoe opredelenie shkaly zvezdnyh velichin bylo vvedeno Pogsonom tol'ko v 1856 g., ono ustanovilo logarifmicheskuyu zavisimost' mezhdu zvezdnoi velichinoi i intensivnost'yu izlucheniya zvezdy.

    Ukazannye starinnye katalogi byli issledovany v dannoi stat'e. Vyvod avtorov takov: shkala zvezdnyh velichin deistvitel'no logarifmicheskaya (a ne stepennaya, kak schitayut nekotorye psihologi). Bolee togo, esli otbrosit' samye yarkie i samye malochislennye zvezdy 1-i velichiny i samye trudnye dlya nablyudeniya predel'no slabye (6-i zvezdnoi velichiny), to otnoshenie intensivnostei zvezd otlichayushihsya na odnu zvezdnuyu velichinu okazhetsya blizkim k 2.512 - tochnomu znacheniyu koefficienta, figuriruyushego v zakone Pogsona

    m = -2.512 log I.


    Vypusk 54 23-31 avgusta 2003
    astro-ph/0308442 Monitoring atmosfery dlya fluorescentnogo detektora "P'er Ozhe" (Atmospheric Monitoring for the Pierre Auger Fluorescence Detector)
    Authors: Miguel Mostafa, for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures.

    Izmenenie prozrachnosti atmosfery, snizhenie effektivnosti cherenkovskih processov, atmosfernye aerozoli i mnogoe drugoe mozhet povliyat' na rezul'taty detektirovaniya kosmicheskih luchei "P'erom Ozhe". Uchest' i, vozmozhno, ispravit' nekotorye iz etih vozdeistvii pomozhet programma slezheniya za atmosferoi, predlagaemaya v dannoi zametke.


    Vypusk 53. 10-22 avgusta 2003
    astro-ph/0308129 Opticheskaya aktivnost' dopolnitel'nyh izmerenii (Optical Activity From Extra Dimension)
    Authors: Avijit K.Ganguly and R.Parthasarathy
    Comments: 4 Pages, No figures

    Sovremennye fundamental'nye fizicheskie teorii predskazyvayut, chto nashe prostranstvo imeet bol'she chetyreh izmerenii. Dopolnitel'nye izmereniya zamknutye (ciklicheskie) i takie malen'kie, chto my kazhduyu sekundu prohodim mimo ne zamechaya ih sushestvovaniya. Ochen' interesno proverit' sushestvuyut li dopolnitel'nye izmereniya na samom dele? Dlya takoi proverki predlozheno mnogo sposobov, pered vami eshe odin: Pri opredelennyh usloviyah nalichie dopolnitel'nyh izmerenii mozhet proyavlyat'sya v effekte podobnom effektu Faradeya - v povorote ploskosti polyarizacii rasprostranyayushegosya izlucheniya.


    Vypusk 52. 01-09 avgusta 2003
    physics/0308021 Budushee dokazatel'stvo dlya fiziki: Sohranenie zapisei SLAC (Future Proof for Physics: Preserving the Record of SLAC)
    Authors: Jean Marie Deken
    Comments: Invited talk presented at Future proof: delivering scientific archives in the twenty-first century (Co-operation on the Archives of Science), 4/9/2003-4/11/2003, Edinburgh, Scotland. 13 pages, 2 figures

    Stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi priglashennyi doklad na konferencii, posvyashennoi nauchnym arhivam. V nei rasskazyvaetsya ob arhivah SLAC - Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.

    V SLAC ser'ezno ozabotilis' problemoi arhivov v 80-e gg. Seichas materialy v znachitel'noi chasti dostupny cherez Internet, chto yavlyaetsya sushestvennoi osobennost'yu horoshego sovremennogo nauchnogo arhiva.

    Otmetim, chto v svyazi s tem, chto bol'shoe chislo sovremennyh nauchnyh materialov sushestvuyut tol'ko v elektronnoi forme, problema ih sohraneniya dlya budushego yavlyaetsya osobenno ostroi.

    Vypusk 51. 21-31 iyulya 2003

    astro-ph/0307564 Drevnie korni sovremennogo kosmologicheskogo antropnogo principa (Ancient Origins of a Modern Anthropic Cosmological Argument)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: 11 pages, no figures; Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Accepted

    "Chto bylo, to i budet ...
    i net nichego novogo pod solncem."

    Antropnyi princip (argument) v sovremennuyu kosmologiyu byl vveden P.Devisom (Paul C.W. Davies) i F.Taiplerom (Frank J. Tipler). Odnako etot argument, prakticheski v takoi zhe formulirovke, vstrechalsya gorazdo ran'she, naprimer u Lukreciya!

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Defining Civilization utilizing Anthropic Reasoning".


    obzor astro-ph/0307536 Proverka OTO po taimingu pul'sarov (Testing General Relativity with Pulsar Timing)
    Authors: Ingrid H. Stairs (UBC)
    Comments: 60 pages, accepted for publication in Living Reviews in Relativity (see http://relativity.livingreviews.org). Version with high-resolution figures at http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/stairs/papers/sta03.ps.gz

    Pul'sary raznyh tipov - odinochnye, tesnye i shirokie dvoinye, v parah s belymi karlikami ili s neitronnymi zvezdami - mozhno ispol'zovat' dlya proverki predskazanii OTO (a takzhe al'ternativnyh teorii gravitacii). Bol'shuyu chast' dannoi raboty zanimaet rassmotrenie individual'nyh pul'sarov. Krome togo v nei obsuzhdaetsya sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy eksperimentov po proverke principa ekvivalentnosti i eksperimenty v sil'nyh gravitacionnyh polyah.


    astro-ph/0307468 Soglasuyutsya li nablyudeniya dvoinogo pul'sara PSR J1141-6545 s belym karlikom s obshei teoriei otnositel'nosti (Self-consistency of relativistic observables with general relativity in the white dwarf-neutron star binary pulsar PSR J1141-6545)
    Authors: M. Bailes et al.
    Comments: 10 pages, 2 figures, revised version to Ap J Letters

    Vysokotochnye i dlitel'nye nablyudeniya taiminga (momentov prihoda impul'sov) dvoinogo pul'sara PSR J1141-6545 pozvolili poluchit' ogranicheniya na massy komponentov dvoinoi sistemy. Ih znacheniya ravny, sootvetstvenno, 1.30+/-0.02Mo i 0.968+/-0.020Mo, t.e. sistema sostoit iz neitronnoi zvezdy (pul'sara) i dostatochno massivnogo belogo karlika. Massa neitronnoi zvezdy v etoi sisteme samaya nizkaya iz tochno izmerennyh (t.e. iz vhodyashih v sistemy dvoinyh radiopul'sarov). Veroyatno dannaya neitronnaya zvezda obrazovalas' iz zvezdy s nachal'noi massoi chut' vyshe poroga obrazovaniya neitronnyh zvezd (primerno 10Mo). Drugoi izmerennoi velichinoi yavlyaetsya proizvodnaya orbital'nogo perioda, kotoraya sostavlyaet dP/dt=(-4+/-1)x10-13 s/s. Eta velichina soglasuetsya s ozhidaemym ot etoi sistemy potokom gravitacionnyh voln. Teper' obshaya teoriya otnositel'nosti proverena i v sisteme belyi karlik + neitronnaya zvezdy - do sih por stol' tochnoi proverke podvergalis' tol'ko sistemy iz dvuh neitronnyh zvezd i Solnechnaya sistema.


    astro-ph/0307449 Astrometriya na Habblovskom kosmicheskom teleskope: parallaks Central'noi zvezdy planetarnoi tumannosti NGC 6853 (Astrometry with Hubble Space Telescope: A Parallax of the Central Star of the Planetary Nebula NGC 6853)
    Authors: G.F.Benedict et al.
    Comments: 25 pages, 4 figs. To appear in The Astronomical Journal, November 2003

    Habblovskii teleskop ne prednaznachen special'no dlya astrometricheskih nablyudenii, odnako inogda na nem udaetsya poluchit' ochen' horoshie rezul'taty i v etoi obrasti. V dannoi rabote opisany rezul'taty izmerenii trigonometricheskogo parallaksa zvezdy, raspolozhennoi v centre planetarnoi tumannosti NGC 6853 (tumannosti "Gantel'"). Parallaks raven p=(2.10+/-0.48) 10-3 ugl. sekundy (t.e. rasstoyanie do zvezdy okolo 480 pk). Mnogocvetnaya fotometriya pozvolyaet ustanovit' absolyutnuyu zvezdnuyu velichinu zvezdy MV=5.48+/-0.16 (c uchetom mezhzvezdnogo poglosheniya AV=0.30+/-0.06). Sravnenie absolyutnoi zvezdnoi velichiny s opredelennoi ranee effektivnoi temperaturoi etoi zvezdy daet ocenku ee razmera: R*=0.055+/-0.020Ro, t.e. pered nami molodoi i ochen' goryachii belyi karlik.

    obzor hep-ph/0307284 Proverki zakona obratnyh kvadratov v gravitacii (Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law)
    Authors: E.G. Adelberger, B.R. Heckel, A.E. Nelson
    Comments: 81 pages, 10 figures, submitted by permission of the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science. Final version of this material is scheduled to appear in the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Vol. 53, to be published in December 2003 by Annual Reviews, http://AnnualReviews.org

    Sovremennaya normal'naya nauka stremitsya k maksimal'no vozmozhnym nezavisimym eksperimental'nym proverkam dazhe samyh, kazalos' by, ochevidnyh faktov. Naprimer, k proverkam zakona obratnyh kvadratov v gravitacii (vsem izvestnyi zakon vsemirnogo tyagoteniya, sformulirovannyi N'yutonom bolee trehsot let nazad). Proveryat' nuzhno na raznyh masshtabah, potomu chto sovsem ne ochevidno, chto iz primenimosti zakona dlya sputnikov, vrashayushihsya vokrug Zemli, sleduet spravedlivost' zakona na masshtabah poryadka razmera vidimoi chasti Vselennoi ili poryadka razmera atoma. Seichas proverki dostupny na masshtabah ot millimetrov (laboratornye ustanovki) do millionov parsek (shirokie pary galaktik).

    Delo v tom, chto mnogie sovremennye teorii s dopolnitel'nymi razmernostyami predskazyvayut otkloneniya ot zakona obratnyh kvadratov (sovsem nedavno my pisali ob etom v nashih obzorah). Krome togo, est' izvestnaya t.n. "modificirovannaya gravitaciya" (MOND), kotoraya stanovitsya dovol'no populyarnoi nesmotrya na otsutstvie eksperimental'nyh podtverzhdenii (sm. astro-ph/0306228, astro-ph/0307354, astro-ph/0307358 i ssylki v nih).

    V svoem ob'emnom obzore avtory dayut dostatochno polnuyu kartinu eksperimental'nyh issledovanii v etoi oblasti. Krome togo, obsuzhdayutsya i predskazaniya teorii, a takzhe puti issledovaniya na vydelennyh masshtabah.


    Vypusk 50. 8-18 iyulya 2003

    miniobzor astro-ph/0307245 Vozmozhnost' nablyudeniya svetovogo eho vokrug peremennyh zvezd i kosmicheskih vzryvov (Observability of Scattered-Light Echoes Around Variable Stars and Cataclysmic Events)
    Authors: Ben E. K. Sugerman
    Comments: 43 pages, 18 figures; Accepted for publication in the AJ

    Svet ot zvezdy mozhet popast' pryamo k nablyudatelyu, a mozhet rasseyat'sya na pylevoi obolochke, okruzhayushei zvezdu. Rasseyannye fotony dostigayut nablyudatelya pozzhe. Napravlenie rasprostraneniya ih takzhe neskol'ko otlichaetsya ot napravleniya na istochnik: svet prihodit iz ego okrestnosti. Osobenno horosho etot effekt nablyudaetsya, esli istochnik izlucheniya yavlyaetsya peremennym (a luchshe vspyhivayushim). V etom sluchae (pri odinochnoi vspyshke i odnorodnom raspredelenii rasseivayushei sredy) vokrug istochnika budet nablyudat'sya rasshiryayusheesya svetovoe kol'co. Etot effekt nazyvaetsya "svetovoe eho".

    V real'nosti effekt bolee slozhen: izluchenie istochnika mozhet menyat'sya slozhnym obrazom, pylevaya obolochka mozhet imet' proizvol'nuyu formu, obolochka ne tol'ko rasseivaet, no i pogloshaet rasseyannoe izluchenie, eho nado otdelit' ot fonovogo izlucheniya i t.d.


    Dva rezhima vozniknoveniya svetovogo eho, opisannyh v stat'e:
    a) "tolstoe" eho i b) "tonkoe" eho.

    Obzor dostatochno ponyaten i interesen ne tol'ko specialistam.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307313 Superkomp'yutery v astrofizike i modelirovanie samogravitiruyushih sistem (Super computers in astrophysics and High Performance simulations of self-gravitating systems)
    Authors: R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta et al.
    Comments: Invited talk at the SAIt 2003 national meeting (Trieste, Italy, 14 - 17 aprile 2003) to be published in the Proceedings; 6 pages+3 ps figures

    Kratko opisyvayutsya chislennye eksperimenty po modelirovaniyu zvezdnyh skoplenii i galaktik na superkomp'yuterah. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno processu vzaimodeistviya sharovogo skopleniya s materinskoi galaktikoi.



    Vypusk 49. 01-07 iyulya 2003

    astro-ph/0307027 Lokalizaciya vspyshek kilometrovogo radioizlucheniya ot severnyh siyanii. I. (Locations of Auroral Kilometric Radiation Bursts Inferred From Multi-Spacecraft Wideband Cluster VLBI Observations I: Description of Technique and Initial Results)
    Authors: R.L. Mutel et al.
    Comments: 31 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication 19 June 2003 in JGR Space Physics. accepted for publication

    Inogda polyarnye siyanie soprovozhdayutsya vspyshkami sverhnizkochastotnogo radioizlucheniya (s dlinoi voln poryadka kilometrov). Otkuda idet eto izluchenie? Do sih por otveta na etot vopros ne bylo, poskol'ku nablyudat' radioizluchenie na stol' dlinnyh volnah, a tem bolee opredelyat' polozhenie ego istochnika ochen' tyazhelo.

    Dlya etoi celi byla ispol'zovana ustanovka Cluster Wideband Data, sostoyashaya iz shesti priemnikov, raznesennyh na bol'shoe rasstoyanie. V 2002 i nachale 2003 godov instrument pronablyudal 1700 individual'nyh vspyshek avroral'nogo radioizlucheniya. Pervye rezul'taty nablyudenii pokazyvayut, chto istochniki radioizlucheniya imeyut razmery ~1000-2000 km i peremeshayutsya vdol' linii magnitnogo polya.


    Illyustraciya k lokalizacii istochnika vspyshek

    V dannoi stat'e privedeny, takzhe, tehnicheskie harakteristiki ustanovki.


    Vypusk 48. 23-30 iyunya 2003


    cond-mat/0306561 Detektirovanie zerkal'noi materii na Zemle cherez ee teplovoe vzaimodeistvie s obychnym veshestvom (Detecting mirror matter on Earth via its thermal imprint on ordinary matter)
    Authors: R. Foot, S. Mitra
    Comments: 9 pages

    Nekotoroe vremya nazad my rasskazyvali ob odnoi iz idei etih avtorov kasatel'no obnaruzheniya zerkal'nogo veshestva na Zemle (sm. takzhe ih novuyu stat'yu "Have mirror micrometeorites been detected?"). V dannoi stat'e oni prodolzhayut svoi izyskaniya....

    Ideya primerno takova. V nekotorom razumnom diapazone parametrov zerkal'noe veshestvo vzaimodeistvuet s obychnym ne tol'ko gravitacionno. Eto oznachaet, chto zerkal'noe veshestvo mozhet byt' peremeshano s obychnym. Dalee, mozhno pokazat', chto pri etih parametrah zerkal'noe i obychnoe veshestvo nahodyatsya v teplovom ravnovesii. No (!), ohlazhdayas', zerkal'noe veshestvo izluchaet zerkal'nye fotony. Oni svobodno pokidayut veshestvo. Znachit, vkrapleniya zerkal'noi materii budut ohlazhdat' (konechno, ochen' slabo) obychnoe veshestvo. I eto mozhet byt' putem k registracii zerkal'noi materii.

    Konechno, eto dovol'no ekzotichnaya ekzotika. No ideya vyglyadit krasivo: obnaruzhit' zerkal'nyi mir s pomosh'yu gradusnika!

    hep-ph/0306245 Predel na massu fotona, razrushennyi vihryami (Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices)
    Authors: Eric Adelberger, Gia Dvali, Andrei Gruzinov
    Comments: 8 pages

    "Vihri vrazhdebnye veyut nad nami ..."
    V standartnoi teorii foton yavlyaetsya bezmassovoi chasticei. Odnako vazhno poluchat' vse bolee sil'nye eksperimental'nye podtverzhdeniya etoi standartnoi gipotezy. V podobnyh voprosah sushestvuet dva podhoda: bolee konservativnyi i menee konservativnyi. Pervyi svyazan s laboratornymi eksperimentami. Vtoroi - s astronomicheskimi izmereniyami. Kak pravilo, astrofizika daet bolee sil'nye predely (massa fotona, zaryad fotona, chislo neitrino i ih massy i t.d.).

    Est', odnako, problema. Vse ravno, interpretiruya eksperiment, my ispol'zuem kakie-to predpolozheniya (i eto vse horosho ponimayut). Izmenenie etih predpolozhenii (kak pravilo na bolee ekzoticheskie) privodit k drugim predelam na izmeryaemye velichiny. Zdes' avtory obsuzhdayut izmenenie i laboratornyh, i astronomicheskih predelov na massu fotona v sluchae, kogda massa svyazana s effektom Higgsa.

    astro-ph/0306569 Spektr kosmicheskogo rentgenovskogo fona po dannym pribora PCA na bortu RXTE (Spectrum of Cosmic X-ray Background observed by RXTE/PCA)
    Authors: M.Revnivtsev et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics

    My mnogo raz pisali o fone reliktovogo izlucheniya (ili, inache, o mikrovolnovom fonovom izluchenii). No fon est' i vo vseh drugih diapazonah. Vot tak on vyglyadit v rentgene (po dannym pribora PCA kosmicheskoi observatorii RXTE).

    Zametno nekotoroe usilenie fona v ploskosti Galaktiki i sushestvennoe ego povyshenie v centre Mlechnogo Puti - sledovatel'no, zametnaya ego chast' imeet galakticheskoe proishozhdenie.

    A spektr fona v diapazone 1-20 keV, postroennyi po dannym s raznyh sputnikov, vyglyadit tak.

    I eto prakticheski vse soderzhanie stat'i.

    miniobzor astro-ph/0306411 Osnovnye dostizheniya XMM-N'yutona (Highlights from XMM-Newton)
    Authors: X.Barcons, I. Negueruela
    Comments: 21 pages, inivited paper to appear in the "Boletin de la SEA", July 2003 issue

    Rentgenovskii teleskop XMM (kotoromu pozdnee bylo prisvoenii imya "N'yuton") byl zapushen v dekabre 1999 goda. Planiruetsya, chto on prorabotaet po krainei mere do 2006 goda. Vmeste s rabotayushei v myagkom rentgene observatoriei Chandra oni sostavlyayut segodnya osnovnuyu udarnuyu silu rentgenovskoi astronomii.


    Ustroistvo rentgenovskih zerkal teleskopa XNN-N'yuton

    Kakimi byli osnovnye oblasti issledovaniya i dostizheniya XMM za tri proshedshih goda aktivnoi raboty? Perechislim ih:

    1. normal'nye zvezdy (korony, massivnye zvezdy)
    2. akkreciruyushie dvoinye (malomassivnye dvoinye, myagkie rentgenovskie tranzienty, kataklizmicheskie peremennye, sverhmyagkie istochniki)
    3. ostatki sverhnovyh
    4. neitronnye zvezdy (teplovoe izluchenie, millisekundnye pul'sary, NZ v ostatkah sverhnovyh)
    5. sverhsvetyashiesya istochniki
    6. normal'nye galaktiki
    7. skopleniya galaktik (ih stroenie, sreda vokrug nih, potoki ohlazhdeniya (cooling flow))
    8. aktivnye yadra galaktik (profili linii Fe, shirokih rentgenovskih linii, ionizacionnoe sostoyanie veshestva)
    9. rentgenovskii fon
    10. rentgenovskie oreoly gamma-vspleskov
    11. obzory razlichnyh ob'ektov i istochnikov

    Ne malo dlya treh let!

    Vypusk 47. 16-21 iyunya 2003


    gr-qc/0306047 Proverka lorenc-invariantnosti s pomosh'yu mikrovolnovyh rezonatorov (Tests of Lorentz Invariance Using a Microwave Resonator: An Update)
    Authors: P.Wolf et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. of the 2003 joint IEEE FCS/EFTF meeting, to appear in Proc. of the 2003 Rencontres de Moriond

    Eksperiment svodilsya k sleduyushemu: v laboratorii byli ustanovleny kol'cevoi sapfirovyi kriogennyi rezonator s sobstvennoi chastotoi primerno 12 MGc i nahodyashiisya s nim v rezonanse vodorodnyi mazer, chastota kotorogo umnozhalas' na 10. Vsya eta sistema nahodilas' na Zemle, t.e. ee skorost' otnositel'no "nepodvizhnogo" reliktovogo fona periodicheski izmenyalas'. Pri narushenii lorenc-invariantnosti nablyudalis' by izmereniya glubiny rezonansa v dannoi sisteme. Etogo obnaruzheno ne bylo, zato udalos' poluchit' samye sil'nye ogranicheniya na vozmozhnuyu velichinu podobnogo narusheniya.

    Obratite vnimanie takzhe na stat'yu astro-ph/0306344, gde rassmatrivayutsya drugie effekty, ne predusmotrennye obychnoi teoriei otnositel'nosti.


    Vypusk 46. 1-15 iyunya 2003

    astro-ph/0306185 O pervom antropnom argumente v astrobiologii (On the First Anthropic Argument in Astrobiology)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: 16 pages, 2 figures, submitted to "Earth, Moon, and Planets"

    Nashe sushestvovanie, s uchetom vseh sovokupnosti nashih s vami fizicheskih i biologicheskih svoistv i uslovii dlya ih vozniknoveniya) nakladyvaet ochen' ser'eznye ogranicheniya na svoistva nashei Vselennoi. Etot princip mozhet rassmatrivat'sya kak effekt selekcii ("tam, gde my est', ne mozhet byt' togo-to i togo-to") i primenyat'sya ko vsei Vselennoi ili k otdel'nym ee chastyam (naprimer k Galaktike ili Solnechnoi sisteme).

    V 1686 godu filosof i estestvoispytatel' Fontenel' (Fontenelle) v odnom iz svoih trudov zadal vopros: "Pochemu komety dvizhutsya po vytyanutym orbitam sil'no naklonennym k ekliptike? Pochemu ploskosti ih orbite ne sovpadayut s orbitoi ni odnoi (iz togda izvestnyh) planet?" I sam zhe na nego otvetil: "Inache by nas zdes' ne bylo". Vryad li on predstavlyal teoriyu kometnyh katastrof v tom vide, kak ona skladyvaetsya segodnya, no ego argument svodilsya imenno k etomu.

    O diskussii mezhdu storonnikam teorii "vselenskogo poryadka" i "antropnogo principa", o vostrebovannosti etoi idei segodnya, kogda otkryto uzhe bolee sta ekzoplanet, vy smozhete prochest' v dannoi stat'e.


    Bernard le Boier de Fontenel'
    Beranrd Le Bouyier de Fontenelle
    (1656-1757)


    astro-ph/0306186 Vremennoi aspekt formuly Dreika i problema SETI (The Temporal Aspect of the Drake Equation and SETI)
    Authors: Milan M. Cirkovic
    Comments: 8 pages, plain Latex

    Formula, obsuzhdaemaya v dannoi stat'e, byla predlozhena Frenkom Dreikom na pervom simpoziume po SETI v 1961 godu. Ona pozvolyaet ocenit' kolichestvo civilizacii v Galaktike s kotorymi my mogli by vstupit' v kontakt:

    N=R* fg fp ne fl fi fc L,

    N - ocenka chisla civilizacii, R* - srednii temp zvezdoobrazovaniya v Galaktike, fg - dolya zvezd prigodnyh dlya zhizni, fp - dolya zvezd s planetami, ne - srednee chislo prigodnyh dlya zhizni planet v odnoi planetnoi sisteme, fl - dolya planet na kotoroi voznikli slozhnye zhivye organizmy, fi - dolya planet s zhizn', gde voznik razum, fl - dolya planet s razumnoi zhizn'yu, dostigshei stadii tehnologicheskoi civilizacii, L - srednyaya dlitel'nost' zhizni tehnologicheskoi civilizacii.

    Avtor stat'i pokazyvaet, chto formula Dreika ne uchityvaet evolyuciyu so vremenem vhodyashih v nee faktorov (naprimer, esli civilizacii vyhodyat na stadiyu tehnologicheskogo razvitiya prakticheski odnovremenno, to faktor fl skachkom menyaetsya ot 0, do nekotoroi velichiny blizkoi k 1),


    Vypusk 45. 26-31 maya 2003

    dissertaciya gr-qc/0305083 Astronomicheskie testy Einshteinovskogo principa ekvivalentnosti (Astronomical Tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle)
    Authors: Oliver Preuss
    Comments: 130 pages with 42 figures

    Princip ekvivalentnosti izvesten dostatochno davno, na segodnya sushestvuyut neskol'ko ego formulirovok.

    Slabyi princip ekvivalentnosti: v gravitacionnom pole vse tela, vne zavisimosti ot ih massy i vnutrennei struktury, padayut s odnim i tem zhe uskoreniem. (Otkryvatelem etogo principa mozhno schitat' Galileo Galileya.)

    Einshteinovskii princip ekvivalentnosti (EPE): vse fizicheskie zakony vypolnyayutsya i v prisutstvii gravitacionnogo polya, no tol'ko lokal'no (v "beskonechno maloi" laboratorii). Einshteinovskii princip ekvivalentnosti - ne tol'ko odin iz osnovnyh principov sovremennoi fiziki, no i ochen' vazhnaya ideya ee filosofii.

    Vvodnaya chast' etoi dissertacii, soderzhashaya v tom chisle i istoricheskoe vvedenie, budet interesna vsem. A v ostavsheisya chasti dissertacii rassmotreny sleduyushie voprosy: proverka EPE v Solnechnoi sisteme, na magnitnyh belyh karlikah, na kataklizmicheskih peremennyh i drugie eksperimenty.

    obzor astro-ph/0305457 Novye teorii s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta (New varying speed of light theories)
    Authors: Joao Magueijo
    Comments: 56 pages

    Podrobno opisany raznoobraznye teorii, v kotoryh skorost' sveta ne yavlyaetsya postoyannoi. Na samom dele eto ne ochen' tochnoe opredelenie, i avtor stat'i s samogo nachala podrobno ob'yasnyaet, chto imeetsya vvidu. Naprimer, skorost' sveta mozhet izmenyat'sya so vremenem (naprimer, eto mozhet privodit' k zavisimosti nablyudaemoi postoyannoi tonkoi struktury ot kosmologicheskogo krasnogo smesheniya ob'ekta), skorost' sveta mozhet byt' otlichna ot skorosti gravitacionnogo vzaimodeistviya (i eto vse ravno nazyvayut "teoriei s nepostoyannoi skorost'yu sveta"), skorost' elektro-magnitnyh voln mozhet zaviset' ot chastoty i t.d. i t.p.

    Mne (S.P.) ochen' zapalo v dushu takoe prostoe rassuzhdenie. Esli v kvantovyh teoriyah klyuchevym parametrom budet plankovskaya dlina, to v kakoi sisteme otscheta ee nado opredelyat'? Esli polozhit', chto ona vo vseh dolzhna byt' odinakovoi (kak fundamental'nyi parametr), to my prihodim k raznym skorostyam sveta v raznyh sistemah (vozmozhny, i drugie varianty). (o plankovskom masshtabe sm. takzhe esse "The New Planck Scale: Quantized Spin and Charge Coupled to Gravity"

    Poskol'ku est' mnogo dostatochno horosho (no ne tak horosho, kak standartnaya kartina) prorabotannyh scenariev, to obzor poluchilsya ochen' nasyshennym.

    Vypusk 44. 17-23 maya 2003

    sistematicheskoe vvedenie astro-ph/0305322 Samogravitiruyushii gaz v prisutstvii temnoi energii (The self-gravitating gas in the presence of dark energy)
    Authors: H. J. de Vega, J. A. Siebert
    Comments: LaTex, 29 pages, 15 ps figures

    Vpechatlyayushaya model' "Bol'shogo Razryva" Vselennoi vyzvala novuyu volnu interesa k tomu kak protekayut razlichnye elementarnye processy v prisutstvii temnoi energii. Neizbezhno dolzhny byli poyavit'sya sistematicheskie kursy - odin iz nih (pervyi) pered vami. V dannom obzore sistematicheski izlozheno povedenie samogravitiruyushego gaza v prisutstvii temnoi energii. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno izmeneniyam Dzhinsovskoi neustoichivosti i perehodu k termodinamicheskomu predelu. Poslednii vozmozhen, kogda chislo chastic N v rassmatrivaemoi sisteme i ee ob'em V ustremlyayutsya k beskonechnosti pri sohranenii plotnosti N/V(kak v obychnoi termodinamike) i kombinacii V2/3. Poslednee uslovie ne soglasuetsya s kartinoi bol'shogo razryva, no pri postoyannom znachenii -chlena s rostom ob'ema sistemy ottalkivanie vsegda preodolevaet samogravitaciyu.

    Prosmotrite etu stat'yu, ona daet predstavlenie o tom, kakie yavleniya mogut proishodit' v nashei uskorenno rasshiryayusheisya Vselennoi.


    astro-ph/0305331 Kompaktnyi rentgenovskii istochnik i vozmozhnyi rentgenovskii dzhet v planetarnoi tumannosti Menzel 3 (A Compact X-ray Source and Possible X-ray Jets within the Planetary Nebula Menzel 3)
    Authors: Joel H. Kastner et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Astrophysical Journal (Letters)

    Planetarnye tumannosti byvayut raznye. Po vseobshemu mneniyu eto odni iz samyh krasivyh ob'ektov (vspomnite zamechatel'nye habblovskie fotografii). Byvayut eshe ochen' krasivye "ne sovsem planetarnye tumannosti". Tonkost' tut v tom, chto klassicheskaya planetarnaya tumannost' - eto sbroshennaya obolochka zvezdy, posvechennaya poyavivshimsya belym karlikom. T.e. zvezda na stadii asimptoticheskoi vetvi gigantov aktivno teryaet veshestvo v vide moshnogo medlennogo (10-20 km/s) vetra, a potom vylupivshiisya iz nee belyi karlik svoim ul'trafioletovym izluchenie ionizuet veshestvo vybrosa.

    Tumannost' Menzel 3, schitavshayasya obrazcom bipolyarnyh planetarnyh tumannostei, imeet interesnuyu osobennost'. V nei "sidit" ne odinochnaya zvezda, a simbioticheskaya dvoinaya. Takie sistemy sostoyat iz proevolyucionirovavshei zvezdy (giganta i t.p.) i belogo karlika. Tak chto Menzel 3 - eto planetarnaya tumannost' v stanovlenii, odna zvezda sbrasyvaet veshestvo, a drugaya vse eto podsvechivaet.

    Na risunke na opticheskoe izobrazhenie nalozheny kontury rengenovskogo, poluchennogo Chandroi. Vidno, chto dva "puzyrya", obrazuyushie "kryl'ya babochki" zapolneny goryachim gazom. Ego temperatura neskol'ko millionov gradusov. Vrode by proslezhivaetsya dzhet i viden tochechnyi istochnik v centre. Eto govorit o tom, chto belyi karlik akkreciruet veshestvo vybrosa, obrazovavshee vokrug nego disk.


    astro-ph/0305345 Populyaciya ul'tramoshnyh rentgenovskih istochnikov ya normal'nyh galaktikah: predvaritel'nye dannye Chandry (Ultra-Luminous X-ray Source Populations in Normal Galaxies: a Preliminary Survey with Chandra)
    Authors: P. J. Humphrey et al.
    Comments: 16 pages including 7 figures, MNRAS accepted

    Ul'tramoshnye rentgenovskie istochniki ( ULX) - eto tesnye dvoinye sistemy s akkreciruyushimi kompaktnymi ob'ektami, ch'ya svetimost' (v predpolozhenii sfericheskoi simmetrii) prevyshaet 1039 erg/s. T.o. eto mogut byt' chernye dyry promezhutochnyh mass.

    V stat'e predstavlen fakticheski katalog takih ob'ektov po dannym Chandry. Vsego bylo zaregistrirovano bolee 60 moshnyh istochnikov v 13 normal'nyh (neaktivnyh) galaktikah. Iz nih tol'ko 22 yavlyayutsya interesuyushimi nas ULX. Avtory issledovali razlichnye korrelyaciii vyyasnili, chto poyavlenie ul'tramoshnyh istochnikov horosho otslezhivaet temp zvezdoobrazovaniya v galaktike.


    astro-ph/0305347 Pervichnyi obzor belyh karlikov v Sloanovskom cifrovom obzore neba (An Initial Survey of White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
    Authors: H. C. Harris et al.
    Comments: Accepted for AJ; 43 pages, including 12 figures and 5 tables

    Bol'shie proekty imeyut mnogo pobochnyh produktov (sm. vyshe pro proekt OGLE). Sloanovskii cifrovoi obzor neba (SDSS) ne isklyuchenie. V dannoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut pervye rezul'taty po poisku belyh karlikov v SDSS. Na 190 kvadratnyh gradusah naideno 269 belyh karlikov i 56 goryachih subkarlikov (prichem oni vydeleny po spektroskopii!). Do etogo tam bylo izvestno 44 karlika i 4 subkarlika. Ochevidno, chto posle zaversheniya obzora v ruki astronomov popadet kolossal'naya statistika po etim ob'ektam, chto konechno zhe vazhno dlya izucheniya fiziki zvezd, zvezdnoi evolyucii i evolyucii Galaktiki.


    astro-ph/0305388 Proverka zakona prityazheniya pri slabyh uskoreniya v sharovyh skopleniyah (Using globular clusters to test gravity in the weak acceleration regime)
    Authors: R.Scarpa, G.Marconi, R.Gilmozzi
    Comments: Accepted for publication on A&A Letters. Four pages + 2 figures

    Kogda bylo obnaruzheno, chto zvezdy na okrainah galaktik i sami galaktiki v skopleniyah dvizhutsya bystree, chem v sootvetstvii s kolichestvom vidimogo v etih sistemah veshestva, to dal'neishee razvitie idei poshlo dvumya putyami. Bol'shinstvo astronomov okazalis' priverzhencami idei "temnoi materii", t.e. schitali, chto veshestvo v galaktikah i skopleniyah est', prosto ono po kakim-to prichinam ne izluchaet svet. V nachale polagali, chto nevidimoe veshestvo mozhet byt' obychnym, takim zhe iz kotorogo sdelany zvezdy, planety i my, t.e. barionnym. V posledstvii okazalos', chto my deistvitel'no vidim tol'ko nebol'shuyu dolyu barionnogo veshestva, no osnovnaya chast' temnoi materii dolzhna imet' druguyu, neizvestnuyu eshe segodnya, fizicheskuyu prirodu.

    Men'shaya chast' astrofizikov zanyalas' modifikaciei zakonov tyagoteniya. Vse eti teorii obobshenno nazyvayutsya MOND (abbreviatury angliiskogo vyrazheniya Modificirovannaya N'yutonovskaya Dinamika). Odin iz variantov etoi teorii ( Milgrom 1983) predpolagaet, chto n'yutonovskii zakon tyagoteniya perestaet deistvovat' kogda telo ispytyvaet chrezvychaino maly uskoreniya. Proverit' etu modifikaciyu eksperimental'no na Zemle ili v Solnechnoi sisteme poka ne predstavlyaetsya vozmozhnym.

    Kak eta modifikaciya dolzhna byla proyavit'sya v sharovyh skopleniyah? Soglasno n'yutonovskoi gravitacii (i, konechno, v otsutstvie nevidimogo veshestva) dispersiya skorostei zvezd dolzhna byla plavno ubyvat' naruzhu. Soglasno MOND na nekotorom rasstoyanii eto ubyvanie prekrashaetsya i dispersiya stanovitsya primerno postoyannoi. Takie izmereniya byli provedeny dlya dvuh sharovyh skopleniya: Cen i M15. Zavisimost' poluchennaya dlya pervogo iz nih pokazana na grafike.

    Nablyudeniya ne pozvolyayut otvergnut' teoriyu MOND. Dlya Cen radial'naya zavisimost' dispersii menyaetsya pri uskorenii a=2.1.10-8 sm/s2, dlya M15 kartina analogichna, izlom proishodit pri a=1.7.10-8 sm/s2. Schitat' etot rezul'tat podtverzhdeniem MOND, odnako, nel'zya, poskol'ku analogichnoe na tom zhe urovne uskorenii mozhet okazat' temnaya materiya Mlechnogo Puti, esli ona ravnomerno raspredelena, ili temnaya energiya (lyambda-chlen).


    astro-ph/0305399 Nekotorye aspekty relyativistskoi astrometrii vnutri Solnechnoi Sistemy (Some aspects of Relativistic Astrometry from within the Solar System)
    Authors: Maria Teresa Crosta et al.
    Comments: 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Cel. Mec

    Uzhe neskol'ko let, kak Mezhdunarodnyi Astronomicheskii Soyuz utverdil kak osnovnuyu dlya ispol'zovaniya v astrometrii i nebesnoi mehanike vnutri Solnechnoi sistemy relyativistskuyu sistemu koordinat. Teper' vychisleniya vseh efemerid i drugih velichin dolzhny proizvodit'sya v nei. Ona sushestvenno slozhnee predydushih, no i zametno tochnee.

    Perehod k relyativistskim sistemam otscheta, odnako, vnosit sushestvennye izmeneniya v ideologi astrometrii i nebesnoi mehaniki, polnost'yu menyaet ispol'zuemye v nih modeli. Vot etim voprosam, kotorye stanovyatsya aktual'nymi v svyazi s zapuskom vysokotochnogo astrometricheskogo sputnika GAIA, i posvyashena dannaya stat'ya.


    Vypusk 43. 12-16 maya 2003

    cond-mat/0305150 Kopirovanie ssylok porozhdaet znamenitye stat'i? (Copied citations create renowned papers?)
    Authors: M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury

    Avtory stat'i podmetili, chto bol'shinstvo statei v spiskah literatury prosto kopiruyutsya iz drugih statei. Eto privodit k tomu, chto vysokii uroven' citirovaniya mozhet byt' dostignut prostoi statistikoi, chto i demonstriruetsya na primerah. V itoge vse napominaet rassuzhdeniya Fermi pro velikih polkovodcev.


    physics/0305048 Vychislitel'nye vselennye (Computational universes)
    Authors: Karl Svozil
    Comments: 27 pages

    "My name is Neo"

    Ochen' interesnaya stat'ya. Pereskazat' ee dostatochno tyazhelo. Rech' idet (na ser'eznom urovne) o, v nekotorom rode, suti Vselennoi. Ne yavlyaetsya li ona v kakom-to dovol'no obshem smysle vychislitel'nym ustroistvom? Otsyuda citaty iz Pifagora, Vol'frama, Matricy i t.d.

    "Pochemu matematika stol' effektivna?"-sprashival Vigner. Odin iz otvetov mozhet sostoyat' v tom, chto matematika - eto sut' nashego mira. T.e. ne prosto "kniga prirody napisana na yazyke matematiki", a "o theos arithmetizei".

    astro-ph/0305214 Kosmicheskaya Termobiologiya: teplovye ogranicheniya na proishozhdenie i evolyuciyu zhizni vo Vselennoi (Cosmic Thermobiology: Thermal Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Life in the Universe)
    Authors: Charles H. Lineweaver, David Schwartzman
    Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures

    Nebol'shaya i ochen' interesnaya rabota - avtory pytayutsya dat' ogranicheniya na temperaturu poverhnosti Zemli v poslednie chetyre milliarda let po biologicheskim dannym. Imi ispol'zovany dva sovershenno nezavisimyh podhoda. V pervom iz nih ispol'zuetsya filogeneticheskoe derevo prosteishih mikroorganizmov: "udalennost'" konkretnogo mikroorganizma ot kornya etogo dereva pozvolyaet ocenit' moment ego vozniknoveniya (vremya, neobhodimoe na takuyu evolyuciyu), a po termoustoichivosti - temperaturu na Zemle v sootvetstvuyushii moment. Vtoroi podhod osnovan na obilii izotopa 18O v slancah (chert). Rezul'taty oboih podhodov soglasuyutsya mezhdu soboi i s gipotezoi o primerno ravnomernom po vremeni ponizhenii temperatury poverhnosti Zemli ot ~90oC chetyre milliarda let nazad do segodnyashnih ~10oC.

    Nekotorye obshie vyvody avtorov ochen' interesny.

    astro-ph/0305181 Tochnoe vychislenie precessii perigeliya Merkuriya v OTO, kosmologicheskaya postoyannaya i obratnaya zadacha Yakobi (Exact calculation of the Perihelion Precession of Mercury in General Relativity, the Cosmological Constant and Jacobi's Inversion problem)
    Authors: G.V.Kraniotis, S.B.Whitehouse
    Comments: LaTeX file, 20 pages

    Orbita Merkuriya medlenno povorachivaetsya - precessiruet - na

    Osnovnoi vklad v etu velichinu dayut relyativistskie popravki k polyu tyagoteniya Solnca. Raschet etih popravok i samoi precessii mozhno naiti v lyubom ser'eznom uchebnike po Obshei Teorii Otnositel'nosti, no vsegda oni provodilis' v predpolozhenii, chto tyagoteyushie tela dvizhutsya v pustom prostranstve. Odnako uzhe neskol'ko let ustanovlennym faktom yavlyaetsya, uskorennoe rasshirenie nashei Vselennoi, vyzvannoe lyambda-chlenom. Lyambda-chlen mozhno rassmatrivat' kak opredelennyi sort materii, kotoraya (1) obladaet otricatel'nym davleniem (uravnenie sostoyaniya P=-E), (2) ravnomerno zapolnyaet Vselennuyu. Kak izmenitsya orbital'noe dvizhenie s uchetom etogo faktora? (Segodnya v nashei Vselennoi velichina lyambda-chlena dostatochno mala: =10-56 sm-2, no takoe polozhenie v principe mozhet izmenit'sya, sm., naprimer, scenarii "Bol'shogo razryva".)

    V dannoi rabote vy naidete tochnye vyvody uravnenii orbital'nogo dvizheniya (pri nalichie lyambda-chlena orbity tel okazyvayutsya uzhe ne ellipticheskimi, a bolee slozhnymi, opisyvaemymi tak nazyvaemymi "giperellipticheskimi" funkciyami), v tom chisle i skorostei precessii, v sluchayah kosmologicheskih modelei bez i s lyambda-chlenom. Vyvod ochen' podrobnyi, dannuyu stat'yu mozhno ispol'zovat' kak spravochnik.

    astro-ph/0305155 Dzhon Klifford Barton: nekrolog i bibliografiya (John Clifford Barton: Obituary and Bibliography)
    Authors: John McMillan
    Comments: 12 pages, Latex
    Journal-ref: The Independent, London, 29 Nov 2002

    Korotkaya trehstranichnaya zametka (ostal'noe - bibliografiya), posvyashennaya pamyati fizika-eksperimentatora Dzhona Klifforda Vabtona. On byl odnim iz pervyh issledovatelei, spustivshihsya pod zemlyu, chtoby issledovat' kosmicheskie luchi. V svyazi s etim est' mnogo veshei, kotorye on delal pervym ili odnim iz pervyh. Naprimer, avtor zametki pishet, chto Barton pervym primenil cifrovuyu zapis' v nauchnom eksperimente.

    Zametka takzhe interesna kak element mozaiki, pokazyvayushei razvitie nauki v 20 veke. Krome togo, stoit prochest' uzhe iz-za prekrasnogo angliiskogo.


    Vypusk 42. 1-9 maya 2003


    physics/0305010 First Description of Discrete Stars Composing the Milky Way in Thomas Watsons Hekatompathia (1582)
    Authors: Eric Lewin Altschuler, William Jansen

    Kto pervym skazal, chto Mlechnyi Put' sostoit iz otdel'nyh slabyh zvezd? Bezuslovno, Galilei uvidel eto v svoi teleskop, no znali li eto do nego? Navernoe s absolyutnoi dostovernost'yu my vse-taki nikogda eto ne uznaem. V etoi kraine korotkoi zametke avtory privodyat sonet Tomasa Vatsona (Thomas Watson). Vot vazhnyi otryvok:

    That can not tell how many starres appeare
    In part of heav'n, which Galaxia hight

    Po mneniyu avtorov eto dovol'no chetko svidetel'stvuet o tom, chto Vatson znal, chto Mlechnyi Put' sostoit iz otdel'nyh zvezd. Privodyatsya imi i drugie lyubopytnye fakty.

    Itak, na vopros:"Kto pervyi skazal o zvezdah v Mlechnom Puti?" My mozhem otvetit':"Vatson, eto zhe elementarno!"

    Vypusk 41. 25-30 aprelya 2003


    miniobzor astro-ph/0304507 Novoe v teorii strun (Update on String Theory)
    Authors: John H. Schwarz
    Comments: 14 pages. Presented at the Carnegie Institution Centennial Symposium in November 2002

    Nebol'shoi obzor po teorii strun, napisannyi odnim iz ee sozdatelei. Nachinaetsya stat'ya s istoricheskogo vvedeniya. Zatem avtor opisyvaet sovremennoe sostoyanie del, i zavershaet izlozhenie dvumya spiskami nereshennyh problem. Pervyi - "kak by ego napisal fizik-teoretik, zanimayushiisya chasticami", vtoroi - "kak by ego napisal kosmolog".

    Formul v obzore prakticheski net, zato est' mnogo specificheskoi terminologii. Stat'yu mozhno porekomendovat' vsem, kto koe-chto znaet o teorii strun, no hotel by uznat' chut' bol'she (osobenno v istoricheskom aspekte i o problematike etih issledovanii).


    Vypusk 40. 20-25 aprelya 2003

    astro-ph/0304347 Bystrye rentgenovskie tranzienty i ih svyaz' s gamma-vspleskami (Fast X-ray Transients and Their Connection to Gamma-Ray Bursts)
    Authors: Vadim A. Arefiev et al.
    Comments: 36 pages, 8 figures
    Journal-ref: The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 586, Issue 2, pp. 1238-1249, 2003

    My uzhe pisali o bystryh rentgenovskih tranzientah - korotkih (ot sekund do chasov) vspyshkah, kotorye vidilo (i vidit) mnozhestvo instrumentov. V etoi bol'shoi stat'e avtory opisyvayut rezul'taty obrabotki ochen' bol'shogo massiva dannyh po etomu fenomenu. Po ih mneniyu vklad v nablyudaemye tranzienty vnosyat istochniki raznoi prirody. Dve osnovnye sostavlyayushie - kosmicheskie gamma-vspleski i zvezdnye vspyshki.



    Vypusk 38. 01-11 aprelya 2003

    astro-ph/0304006 O skorosti gravitacii i v/c popravki k zaderzhke Shapiro (On the Speed of Gravity and the v/c Corrections to the Shapiro Time Delay)
    Authors: Stuart Samuel (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
    Commets: 8 pages, LaTeX (or Latex, etc), one figure

    Eshe odna stat'ya o skorosti rasprostraneniya gravitacii, porozhdennaya eksperimentom Kopeikina i Famalona, izmeryavshih prohozhdenie Yupitera vblizi kvazara J0842+1845. Pohozhe, chto avtor stat'i ran'she podderzhival vyvody, sdelannye organizatorami izmerenii, a teper' pereshel v lager' ih protivnikov.

    astro-ph/0304050 Fluktuiruyushee prostranstvo-vremya vedet v nestabil'nomu miru (A fluctuating space-time produces an unstable world)
    Authors: R. Aloisio et al.
    Commets: 12 pages, no figures

    Effekty kvantovoi gravitacii privodyat K sushestvovaniyu t.n. "prostranstvenno-vremennoi peny". Dovol'no davno raznye issledovateli pytalis' ponyat', k kakim nablyudatel'nym effektam eto mozhet privodit'. V dannoi rabote avtory delayut novyi shag.

    Vo-pervyh, takie effekty mogut privodit' k narusheniyu lorenc-invariantnosti (sm. astro-ph/0304100), chto mozhet proyavlyat'sya v rasprostranenii kosmicheskih luchei i fotonov (osobenno fotonov vysokih energii, sm. interesnuyu stat'yu Blanka i dr.). Vo-vtoryh, mogut stat' vozmozhnymi reakcii, kotorye zapresheny zakonami sohraneniya! Imenno eta vozmozhnost' i obsuzhdaetsya avtorami.

    Oni prihodyat k vyvodu, chto sravnenie naibolee populyarnyh teorii s nablyudeniyami okazyvaetsya ne v pol'zu pervyh. Nablyudatel'nye dannye govoryat, chto chasto ispol'zuemye predpolozheniya o svoistvah "peny" protivorechat rezul'tatam nablyudenii kosmicheskih luchei vysokih energii. Za schet kvantovyh fluktuacii chasticy priobretayut effektivnuyu massu, i togda mogut idti reakcii, privodyashie k rozhdeniyu novyh chastic i potere energii, chto ne nablyudaetsya. Kak pishut avtory, "nash mir bolee gladkii, chem eto prinyato schitat'".


    physics/0304036 Random Walk with Shrinking Steps
    Authors: L. Krapivsky, S. Redner
    Commets: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. For submission to American Journal of Physics

    Pedagogicheskoe obsuzhdenie processa sluchainyh bluzhdanii. Stat'ya mozhet byt' polezna prepodavatelyam, a takzhe studentam.


    physics/0304040 Students' Understanding of Direct Current Resistive Electrical Circuits
    Authors: Paula V. Engelhardt, Robert J. Beichner
    Commets: This article has been accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics - Physics Education Research Supplement.

    Bezuslovno uroki, lekcii i t.d. dolzhny byt' interesnymi dlya studentov. Vse dolzhno byt' krasivo, zahvatyvayushe. No taki glavnoe, chtoby studenty chto-to znali, chtoby u nih chto-to ostavalos' v golovah posle zanyatii, i chtoby eto "chto-to" bylo ne kashei, a pravil'noi kartinoi. Vot s etim chasto problemy.

    V stat'e avtory opisyvayut issledovanie, cel'yu kotorogo bylo vyyasnit', chto studenty znayut pro elektricheskii tok, posle togo kak eto im bylo rasskazano. Kak i sledovalo ozhidat', ne vse vse ponimayut pravil'no. Znachit, nado chto-to menyat' v metodike prepodavaniya.

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