The R.A.P. Project (Reviews of Astro-Ph)
Solnce
(Arhiv Solnce: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
Authors: C.J. Schrijver
Comments: 33 pages, Advances in Space Research
Obzor po mehanizmam solnechnyh vspyshek. Osoboe vnimanie udelyaetsya nachalu vspyshki: chto vystupaet triggerom, kakie processy privodyat k vspyshke, mozhno li vspyshki predskazyvat' za dostatochno bol'shoi srok.
Obzor ne soderzhit formul. Vse opisanie slovesnoe plyus ponyatnye illyustracii. No vse ravno, eto ne samoe legkoe chtenie. V osnovnom potomu, chto podrazumevaetsya, chto chitatel' dostatochno "v teme".
Authors: Ilya Usoskin
Comments: 84 pages, Living Review in Solar Physics, 5, 3 (2008)
Na dlinnoi vremennoi shkale solnechnuyu aktivnost' mozhno vosstanovit' po issledovaniyam nekotoryh izotopov (uglerod-14, berillii-10) v godichnyh kol'cah derev'ev, v ledyanyh otlozheniyah i tp. V obzore opisyvaetsya kak sama metodika, tak i rezul'taty, poluchennye s ee pomosh'yu. Chitaetsya legko, tema aktual'naya i interesnaya, poetomu vse zhelayushie priglashayutsya.
Authors: P.A. Sturrock
Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Lett. 688 (Nov 20 2008)
Potok solnechnyi neitrino peremenen na vremenah poryadka 11-14 let. Vopros - a pochemu? Avtor opisyvaet dannye nablyudenii, obsuzhdaet raznye vozmozhnosti, i predlagaet ogranichenie na magnitnyi moment neitrino po etim dannym.
Authors: H-R. Muller et al.
Comments: 12 pages, to appear in Space Science Reviews
Geliosfera postoyanno izmenyaetsya, poskol'ku Solnce proletaet skvoz' mezhzvezdnuyu sredu s raznymi parametrami. Izmenyayutsya svoistva sredy - plotnost', temperatura, skorost' otnositel'no Solnca - "dyshit" geliosfera. Avtory obsuzhdayut kakoi mogla byt' geliosfera v proshlom i kakoi mozhet stat' v budushem. Vse eti izmeneniya "galakticheskoi pogody" mogut imet' sovsem neakademicheskoe znachenie! Ispol'zuya dannye radionablyudenii, avtory delayut vyvod, chto bolee 9 procentov vremeni Solnce provodit v teploi neitral'noi (ili chastichno ionizovannoi) srede.
Authors: L. Gizon
Comments: 16 pages, Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 21, No. 22 (2006) 1701-1715
Nebol'shoi obzor po gelioseismologii. Rasskazano, kak po nablyudeniyam oscillyacii Solnca pytayutsya vosstanovit' ego trehmernoe vnutrennee stroenie.
Sm. takzhe svezhuyu stat'yu Sensitivity of helioseismic gravity modes to the dynamics of the solar core.
Authors: Klaus-Peter Schroder, Robert C. Smith
Comments: 10 pages, MNRAS 2008, in print (accepted Jan. 23rd, 2008)
Na osnove novyh modelei zvezdnoi evolyucii avtory rassmatrivayut dalekoe budeshee Solnca i okruzhayushih ego planet, v chastnosti i Zemli. Krome togo, rezul'taty prilagayutsya k ozhidaemym svoistvam planet vokrug belyh karlikov.
V budushem Solnce budet sbrasyvat' veshestvo. Eto budet privodit' k rasshireniyu planetnyh orbit. S drugoi storony, esli planeta vse-taki okazhetsya slishkom blizko k rasshirevsheisya zvezde, to planeta budet tormizit'sya za schet vozdeistviya vneshnih sloev zvezdy (krome togo, vazhny i prilivnye sily). V itoge planeta po spirali budet padat' na zvezdu. Sootvetstvenno, est' nekotoroe kriticheskoe rasstoyanie: planety, nahodyashiesya (kogda zvezda nahoditsya na stadii glavnoi posledovatel'nosti, t.e. "seichas" v sluchae Solnechnoi sistemy) blizhe nekotorogo rasstoyaniya, upadut na zvezdu, kogda ona stanet gigantom. Po ocenkam avtorov dlya Solnca eto rasstoyanie ravno 1.15 astronomicheskoi edinicy. T.e., oni predrekayut Zemle dovol'no pechal'noe budushee. "Eto ochen' ogorchaet". Pravda, sluchitsya eto tol'ko cherez 7 s hvostikom milliardov let.
Krome togo, avtory issleduyut i drugie aspekty budushei evolyucii Solnca. V chastnosti, oni polagayut, chto nasha zvezda ne dast krasivoi planetarnoi tumannosti (hotya sbros veshestva, razumeetsya, budet znachitel'nym).
V zaklyuchenie podcherknu, chto konechno zhe modeli zvezdnoi evolyucii (dazhe dlya Solnca) poka ne dostigli toi tochnosti, chtoby pisat' chto-to v duhe "astronomy dokazali, chto..." (kstati, o perspektivah utochneniya modelei Solnca s pomosh'yu gelioseismologii mozhno prochest' zdes' arxiv:0801.4213). Predstavlen rezul'tat, poluchennyi v ramkah nekotoroi modeli. Kachestvenno, tam vse verno. No vot poruchit'sya za chisla vrode "1.15 a.e." poka mozhno lish' s opredelennoi stepen'yu uverennosti.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: M. Guedel
Comments: accepted by The Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 121 pages, 44 figures;
Avtor daet detal'nyi obzor togo, chto my znaem ob aktivnosti molodogo Solnca i o ego vozmozhnom vliyanii na formirovanie Solnechnoi sistemy i rannyuyu evolyuciyu planet v nei.
Authors: Sarbani Basu , H.M. Antia
Comments: 116 pages, To appear in Physics Reports. Large file (1.6M PDF, 3.4M PS), 27 figures
Ogromnyi obzor po gelioseismologii. V poslednee vremya modeli zvezdnyh (i solnechnyh) kolebanii imeyut nekotorye protivorechiya s dannymi po obiliyu elementov. Avtory obsuzhdayut etu neprostuyu situaciyu.
Authors: Markus J. Aschwanden
Comments: 12 pages, Proc. IAU Symp. 247, Waves and Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere: Heating and Magneto-Seismology, (ed. R. Erdelyi)
Dostatochno polnyi obzor sovremennyh dannyh po solnechnoi korone. Poskol'ku seichas letaet srazu neskol'ko horoshih sputnikov, celenapravlenno izuchayushih solnce, to novyh rezul'tatov mnogo.
Authors: Tsuneta, et al
Comments: 41 pages
Hinode - eto pereimenovannyi Solar-B. Opticheskii teleskop na ego bortu - krupneishii solnechnyi instrument takogo tipa. Sputnik letaet (s sentyabrya 2006 goda) i uspeshno rabotaet. Opisanie teleskopa - v stat'e.
O nekotoryh rezul'tatah, poluchennyh na etom instrumente, mozhno prochest' tut: Properties of high-degree oscillation modes of the Sun observed with Hinode/SOT.
Authors: O. Steiner
Comments: 48 pages, 33 figures, Lecture notes
Lekcii posvyasheny processam v poverhnostnyh sloyah Solnca. Dannye nablyudenii pokazyvayut inteersnye melkomasshtabnye struktury. S pomosh'yu chislennogo modelirovaniya udaetsya ponyat', chto zhe my nablyudaem.
Authors: R. Hammer, P. Ulmschneider
Comments: 35 pages, Lecture notes and review, held at Kodaikanal Winter School on Solar Physics, Dec 2006. This version contains corrected page numbers for some of the references
V obzore rassmatrivaetsya fizika obrazovaniya linii v burlyashih verhnih sloyah Solnca.
Authors: H. Moradi, A. -C. Donea, C. Lindsey, D. Besliu-Ionescu, P. S. Cally
Comments: 12 pages, 7 figures, published in MNRAS 374, 1155-1163 (2007)
Opisany otkrytie i nablyudenie odnogo iz samyh moshnyh solncetryasenii. Akusticheskie kolebaniya byli, po vsei vidimosti, zapusheny za schet energii chastic, uskorivshihsya vo vspyshke.
Authors: Hugh S. Hudson
Comments: 22 pages
Podrobnyi obzor vsego, chto svyazano s hromosfernymi vspyshkami na Solnce.
Authors: Robert J. Rutten
Comments: 22 pages, "Physics of Chromospheric Plasmas" (Coimbra), ASP 368, 27 (2007)
V obzore razbirayutsya dve temu: formirovanie hromosfernyh linii i poluchenie izobrazhenii hromosfery.
Authors: A. Pastorello et al.
Comments: 15 pages, 4 figures (supplementary information included). Accepted for publication in Nature
"Po-o-o-o-o-oberegis'!"
Primerno tak nekotorye massivnye zvezdy "soobshayut" o gryadushem v skorom
vremeni vzryve sverhnovoi.
V pechati uzhe poyavlyalis' soobsheniya o nablyudeniyah t.n. prekursorov,
t.e. predvestnikov vzryva sverhnovoi. Vse oni imeli mesto dlya sverhnovyh
tipa II. V etoi stat'e avtory soobshayut o nablyudenii prekursora sverhnovoi
tipa Ib.
Za dva goda do vzryva proizoshla moshnaya vspyshka, nablyudavshayasya v optike. Poka neponyatno, chto stalo prichinoi vspyshki.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Axel Brandenburg
Comments: 45 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Handbook of Solar-Terrestrial Environment, eds. Y. Kamide & A. C.-L. Chian, Springer
Detal'nyi obzor po strukture Solnca i ego magnitnomu polyu.
Authors: J. M. Vaquero
Comments: 19 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Adv. Space Res
Krupnye solnechnye pyatna vidny nevoobruzhennym glazom. Poetomu v nekotorom smysle nablyudeniya etih obrazovanii imeyut ochen' dolguyu istoriyu. Istoricheskie hroniki pomogayut vosstanovit' (konechno, ne ochen' horosho, s probelami i neopredelennostyami) dannye o poyavlenii solnechnyh pyaten v proshlom. Etomu i posvyashen obzor.
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: B. N. Dwivedi
Comments: 24 pages, 15 figures
Solnechniki ne chasto baluyut chitatelei Arhiva, a tut srazu bol'shoi obzor.
Stat'ya posvyashena poslednim dannym so sputnikov (Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, i RHESSI) s uporom na rezul'taty SOHO.
Krasivye kartinki!
Obsudit' v ZhZh-soobshestve
ru_astroph.
Obsudit' na Astroforume v
Nauchnoi panorame.
Authors: Michael L. Rogers, Mercedes T. Richards, Donald St.P. Richards
Comments: 15 pages, including 8 figures
Kak izvestno, prodolzhitel'nost' solnechnogo cikla lish' v srednem blizka k 11 godam. Otkloneniya mogut byt' znachitel'nymi, prodolozhitel'nost' mozhet kolebat'sya ot 7 do 17 let. Svyazany li eti kolebaniya s chislom pyaten? Avtory issledovali izmeneniya chisla pyaten (yasno, chto podobnye issledovaniya provodilis' mnogokratno, raznica - v metodike analiza) i nashli period 188+/-38 let, kotoryi otrazhaet izmeneniya dliny solnechnogo cikla. Dlina cikla korreliruet s chislom pyaten: kogda pyaten men'she, cikl dlinnee.
Authors: H.M. Antia, Sarbani Basu
Comments: 20 pages, To appear in ApJ
Vazhnaya rabota. Delo v tom, chto v poslednie gody poyavilis' spektroskopicheskie dannye, analiz kotoryi privel uchenyh k vyvodu o tom, chto ocenku soderzhaniya nekotoryh tyazhelyh elementov na Solnce nuzhno umen'shit' po sravneniyu s prinyatym znacheniem. Naibolee ser'eznaya popravka byla sdelana dlya kisloroda. Ocenku ego soderzhaniya predlagalos' umen'shit' v poltora raza (ne mogu ne vspomnit' slova Dzhona Bakala v ego knige "Neitrinnaya astrofizika" o tom, chto udivlyat'sya nado ne tomu, kak ploho astronomy znayut model' Solnca, a tomu, kak mnogo oni znayut, nesmotrya na to, chto imeyut delo s neprozrachnym ob'ektom, s kotorym nel'zya provodit' eksperimenty). Obshaya ocenka soderzhaniya tyazhelyh elementov v itoge dolzhna umen'shit'sya v 1.4 raza. NO!
No, eto spektroskopicheskie dannye. Est' i drugie. V pervuyu ochered', eto dannye po gelioseismologii. Tak vot, dva raznyh podhoda dayut raznye ocenki. Gelioseismologiya privodit k rezul'tatam, kotorye vyshe spektroskopicheskih. V etoi rabote avtory provodyat novyi analiz dannyh gelioseismologicheskih issledovanii. Novaya ocenka v predelah oshibok sovpadaet so standartnym znacheniem. T.e., vrode by, pereocenka soderzhaniya tyazhelyh elementov v Solnce ne nuzhna.
Authors: Jorge Melendez et al.
Comments: ApJ letters, in press
Ishut, no tak i ne mogut naiti.... blizneca Solnca.
Dostatochno vazhno iskat' i izuchat' zvezdy, kak mozhno bolee pohozhie na nashe Solnce. Seichas blizhaishim dvoinikom schitaetsya zvezda 18 skorpiona (ee opoznali kak prakticheski polnuyu kopiyu Solnca okolo 10 let nazad). Tem ne menee, poiski dvoinikov prodolzhayutsya.
Avtory izuchili detal'nye spektry 16 solncepodobnyh zvezd. Rezul'tatom stalo vyyavlenie zvezdy HD 98618 v kachestve eshe odnogo "pochti dvoinika". Pochti, potomu chto, kak i v sluchae 18 skorpiona, nekotorye otlichiya vse-taki est'.
Razumeetsya, avtory govoryat kakie-to slova o zonah obitaniya i probleme SETI.
Authors: John N. Bahcall
Comments: Neutrino Physics, Proceedings of the Nobel Symposium 2004, Enkoping, Sweden, August 19-24, 2004. Eds. L. Bergstrom, O. Botner, P. Carlson, P.O. Hulth & T. Ohlsson
Daetsya obzor sovremennyh predstavlenii o modeli solnca i raschetah potokov neitrino ot nego.
Sm. takzhe stat'yu New solar opacities, abundances, helioseismology, and neutrino fluxes.
Authors: John N. Bahcall and Aldo M. Serenelli
Comments: 46 pages; software and data at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb
Kak izvestno, problema solnechnyh neitrino do konca ne razreshena. Otvlekayas' ot neopredelennostei, svyazannyh s samimi trudnoulovimymi chasticami, avtory obsuzhdayut drugie tipy neopredelennostei, i pokazyvayut, chto klyuchevym yavlyaetsya netochnoe znanie obiliya razlichnyh himicheskih elementov na Solnce.
Authors: Martin Asplund, Nicolas Grevesse, Jacques Sauval
Comments: Invited review presented at "Cosmic abundances as records of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis", F.N. Bash & T.G Barnes(editors). ASP conf. series, in press
Obzor posvyashen samym sovremennym dannym o himicheskom sostave Solnca, poluchennym po izmereniyam linii poglosheniya v spektre nashego dnevnogo svetila. Spektry, konechno, v obshem-to te zhe, chto i ran'she. No sam spektr neposredstvenno ne daet vam informacii o sostave. Neobhodimo stroit' model'. Eti modeli stanovyatsya vse bolee sovershennymi, a potomu poyavlyayutsya i novye bolee tochnye rezul'taty. Prichem izmeneniya dostatochno sushestvenny. Tak soderzhanie "metallov" teper' ocenivaetsya primerno v dva raza nizhe, chem schitalos' ranee.
Authors: Steven R. Cranmer
Comments: 9-page invited review paper, 4 figures, to be published in proceedings of the 13th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Hamburg, Germany, 5-9 July 2004, ESA
Opisyvaetsya missiya SOHO i ee dostizheniya v oblasti izucheniya solnechnogo vetra. Stat'ya napisana dostatochno ponyatno i prosto.
Authors: J-P. Rozelot et al.
Comments: 14 pages, 9 figures
Davno izuchayutsya i uzhe dostatochno horosho izvestny takie "klassicheskie" fundamental'nye parametry Solnca, kak diametr, massa, svetimost', temperatura poverhnosti i t.d. Ne menee vazhnym parametrom yavlyaetsya dipol'nyi i kvadrupol'nyi momenty nashego svetila. Pod etoi velichinoi avtor podrazumevaet momenty, otnosyashiesya k gravitacionnomu polyu Solnca. Ego nesferichnost' vyzyvaetsya raspredeleniem massy vnutri zvezdy i ne svyazana neposredstvenno s formoi ee poverhnosti (t.e. fotosfery).
A proyavlyat'sya eti momenty budut, naprimer, v precessii orbit blizhaishih planet: Merkuriya (v pervuyu ochered'), Venery i Zemli. Prichem eto vliyaniya vpolne izmerimo planiruemymi na blizhaishee vremya eksperimentami.
Authors: O. Richard, S. Th\'eado, S. Vauclair
Comments: to be published in Solar Physics
My redko pishem o Solnce po dvum prichinam:
1. My ne specialisty
2. v Arhive nechasto popadayutsya stat'i po etoi tematike
V dannoi rabote avtory predstavlyayut razvitie solnechnyh modelei,
kotorymi ih gruppa zanimaetsya uzhe dostatochno davno.
Problema v tom, chto pro Solnce my znaem uzhe ochen' mnogo:
i neitrino, i gelioseismologiya, i .... I vse eto nado opisat' i ob'yasnit'.
"I vse odna? Tyazhelo-o-o-o-oo ...", kak govorila Gyul'chatai Suhovu.
(Arhiv Solnce: v.2, 2003,
v.1, 2002-2003)
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