31 maya 2003 goda proizoidet solnechnoe zatmenie
22.05.2003 10:59 | S. Yu. Shanov
Luna zakryvaet Solnce! Obitateli Zemli byli i budut ochevidcami etogo udivitel'nogo nebesnogo yavleniya. Blizhaishie solnechnye zatmeniya, vidimye v Rossii, proizoidut 31 maya 2003, 14 oktyabrya 2004 i 3 oktyabrya 2005 g.g.. Nesmotrya na to, chto pervoe i tret'e zatmeniya v nekotoryh mestah Zemli budut vidny kak kol'ceobraznye, vo vseh etih sluchayah na territorii nashei strany budut proishodit' tol'ko chastnye zatmeniya Solnca. Vdobavok, vidny oni budut vezde po raznomu: 31 maya 2003 goda - na vsei territorii Rossii, krome Primorskogo kraya; 14 oktyabrya 2004 goda - v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke, a 3 oktyabrya 2005 goda - v Evropeiskoi chasti nashei strany. Vremya nachala, konca i maksimal'naya velichina zatmenii, v razlichnyh naselennyh punktah, takzhe budut razlichnymi.
Chastnoe solnechnoe zatmenie 31 maya 2003 goda nad Rossiei
Naselennyi punkt | L o ' |
F o ' |
Nachalo zatmeniya |
Po | Maksimum zatmeniya |
Fm % |
Konec zatmeniya |
Po |
Abakan | 91 26 | 53 43 | 6:40:16 | 289 | 7:40:56 | 31.5 | 8:45:50 | 24 |
Aginskoe | 114 32 | 51 06 | 7:39:03 | 318 | 8:12:58 | 6.1 | 8:47:17 | 0 |
Anadyr' | 177 31 | 64 44 | 8:22:31 | 294 | 9:22:18 | 41.8 | 10:18:49 | 45 |
Arhangel'sk | 40 34 | 64 32 | 6:38:50 | 261 | 7:42:12 | 79.9 | 8:49:21 | 60 |
Astrahan' | 48 03 | 46 21 | 6:06:54 | 270 | 7:05:22 | 62.4 | 8:08:57 | 46 |
Barnaul | 83 45 | 53 21 | 6:30:17 | 284 | 7:32:30 | 38.2 | 8:39:44 | 29 |
Belgorod | 36 35 | 50 36 | 6:16:50 | 264 | 7:15:32 | 74.3 | 8:18:41 | 55 |
Berezniki | 56 48 | 59 24 | 6:28:07 | 267 | 7:32:37 | 67.4 | 8:41:58 | 51 |
Biisk | 85 12 | 52 32 | 6:30:44 | 286 | 7:31:55 | 35.6 | 8:38:02 | 27 |
Bratsk | 101 36 | 56 09 | 6:58:43 | 294 | 7:58:48 | 27.2 | 9:01:39 | 23 |
Brest | 23 43 | 52 06 | 6:25:23 | 260 | 7:22:38 | 82.4 | 8:23:32 | 61 |
Bryansk | 34 23 | 53 15 | 6:21:41 | 262 | 7:20:56 | 77.6 | 8:24:26 | 58 |
Velikii Novgorod | 31 16 | 58 32 | 6:31:07 | 260 | 7:31:28 | 82.2 | 8:35:41 | 61 |
Vitebsk | 30 11 | 55 11 | 6:26:24 | 261 | 7:25:36 | 81.1 | 8:28:44 | 60 |
Vladikavkaz | 44 41 | 43 02 | 6:03:20 | 271 | 6:59:55 | 61.4 | 8:01:22 | 46 |
Vladimir | 40 25 | 56 09 | 6:24:09 | 263 | 7:25:16 | 75.9 | 8:30:50 | 56 |
Volgograd | 44 31 | 48 44 | 6:11:17 | 267 | 7:10:23 | 67.4 | 8:14:24 | 50 |
Vologda | 39 54 | 59 13 | 6:29:28 | 262 | 7:31:24 | 78.0 | 8:37:34 | 58 |
Vorkuta | 64 03 | 67 30 | 6:45:08 | 267 | 7:52:17 | 68.9 | 9:03:10 | 53 |
Voronezh | 39 12 | 51 40 | 6:17:25 | 264 | 7:16:52 | 73.5 | 8:20:54 | 54 |
Vyatka | 49 39 | 58 36 | 6:26:42 | 265 | 7:29:58 | 71.6 | 8:37:56 | 53 |
Gomel' | 30 59 | 52 26 | 6:22:00 | 262 | 7:20:28 | 78.9 | 8:23:00 | 59 |
Gorno-Altaisk | 85 57 | 51 57 | 6:30:51 | 287 | 7:31:17 | 33.9 | 8:36:35 | 25 |
Grodno | 23 50 | 53 40 | 6:27:26 | 260 | 7:25:10 | 83.3 | 8:26:33 | 62 |
Groznyi | 45 42 | 43 18 | 6:03:21 | 271 | 7:00:09 | 60.9 | 8:01:53 | 45 |
Dudinka | 86 11 | 69 24 | 6:57:54 | 274 | 8:07:03 | 59.0 | 9:18:54 | 48 |
Ekaterinburg | 60 37 | 56 51 | 6:23:47 | 270 | 7:27:56 | 62.5 | 8:37:17 | 47 |
Ivanovo | 40 58 | 57 00 | 6:25:25 | 263 | 7:26:53 | 76.1 | 8:32:46 | 57 |
Izhevsk | 53 12 | 56 50 | 6:23:18 | 267 | 7:26:32 | 67.9 | 8:34:45 | 51 |
Irkutsk | 104 15 | 52 17 | 7:04:26 | 302 | 7:55:37 | 17.0 | 8:48:59 | 12 |
'oshkar-Ola | 47 54 | 56 38 | 6:23:23 | 265 | 7:25:48 | 71.5 | 8:33:00 | 53 |
Kazan' | 49 07 | 55 48 | 6:21:46 | 266 | 7:24:06 | 70.0 | 8:31:19 | 52 |
Kaliningrad | 20 30 | 54 42 | 6:30:43 | 259 | 7:28:16 | 85.4 | 8:29:15 | 64 |
Kaluga | 36 17 | 54 32 | 6:22:54 | 262 | 7:22:51 | 77.3 | 8:27:08 | 57 |
Kemerovo | 86 02 | 55 22 | 6:35:36 | 284 | 7:39:04 | 39.1 | 8:47:15 | 30 |
Kostroma | 40 56 | 57 46 | 6:26:44 | 263 | 7:28:24 | 76.6 | 8:34:28 | 57 |
Krasnodar | 38 59 | 45 02 | 6:08:07 | 267 | 7:05:00 | 67.7 | 8:06:30 | 50 |
Krasnoyarsk | 92 55 | 56 00 | 6:44:51 | 288 | 7:47:30 | 34.1 | 8:54:08 | 27 |
Kudymkar | 54 40 | 59 00 | 6:27:16 | 267 | 7:31:22 | 68.6 | 8:40:18 | 51 |
Kurgan | 65 20 | 55 27 | 6:22:15 | 272 | 7:26:18 | 57.4 | 8:35:45 | 43 |
Kursk | 36 12 | 51 43 | 6:18:38 | 263 | 7:17:40 | 75.4 | 8:21:05 | 56 |
Kyzyl | 94 26 | 51 43 | 6:43:18 | 294 | 7:40:06 | 25.1 | 8:40:41 | 19 |
Lipeck | 39 35 | 52 36 | 6:18:43 | 264 | 7:18:33 | 74.0 | 8:22:57 | 55 |
Magadan | 150 49 | 59 33 | 8:21:45 | 308 | 9:14:18 | 21.4 | 10:04:17 | 27 |
Magnitogorsk | 59 02 | 53 25 | 6:17:26 | 270 | 7:20:06 | 60.6 | 8:28:12 | 45 |
Maikop | 40 06 | 44 36 | 6:07:04 | 268 | 7:03:55 | 66.5 | 8:05:24 | 49 |
Mahachkala | 47 29 | 42 58 | 6:02:25 | 272 | 6:59:11 | 59.2 | 8:00:58 | 44 |
Minsk | 27 34 | 53 54 | 6:25:47 | 261 | 7:24:10 | 81.7 | 8:26:24 | 61 |
Mogilev | 30 20 | 53 54 | 6:24:26 | 261 | 7:23:15 | 80.2 | 8:26:05 | 60 |
Moskva | 37 37 | 55 45 | 6:24:21 | 262 | 7:24:54 | 77.3 | 8:29:47 | 57 |
Murmansk | 33 06 | 68 59 | 6:48:30 | 260 | 7:51:43 | 84.3 | 8:58:00 | 64 |
Naberezhnye chelny | 52 25 | 55 43 | 6:21:20 | 267 | 7:24:06 | 67.6 | 8:31:53 | 50 |
Nazran' | 44 47 | 43 13 | 6:03:32 | 270 | 7:00:13 | 61.6 | 8:01:47 | 46 |
Nal'chik | 43 36 | 43 29 | 6:04:16 | 270 | 7:00:59 | 62.8 | 8:02:31 | 47 |
Nar'yan-Mar | 53 04 | 67 39 | 6:44:01 | 264 | 7:49:48 | 74.9 | 8:59:15 | 57 |
Neryungri | 124 50 | 56 40 | 7:48:42 | 309 | 8:38:05 | 14.8 | 9:26:58 | 15 |
Nizhnevartovsk | 76 34 | 60 57 | 6:37:14 | 275 | 7:44:04 | 54.5 | 8:55:30 | 42 |
Nizhnii Novgorod | 43 57 | 56 18 | 6:23:31 | 264 | 7:25:14 | 73.8 | 8:31:34 | 55 |
Nizhnii Tagil | 60 00 | 57 55 | 6:25:40 | 269 | 7:30:06 | 63.9 | 8:39:39 | 48 |
Nikolaevsk-na-Amure | 140 43 | 53 09 | 8:44:09 | 331 | 9:08:04 | 3.3 | 9:31:29 | 2 |
Novokuzneck | 87 10 | 53 45 | 6:34:40 | 286 | 7:36:32 | 35.6 | 8:43:07 | 27 |
Novosibirsk | 82 55 | 55 01 | 6:31:56 | 282 | 7:35:33 | 41.4 | 8:44:10 | 32 |
Noril'sk | 88 11 | 69 21 | 6:59:03 | 275 | 8:08:17 | 58.0 | 9:20:05 | 47 |
Omsk | 73 23 | 54 58 | 6:24:45 | 277 | 7:28:52 | 50.0 | 8:38:24 | 38 |
Orel | 36 05 | 52 58 | 6:20:34 | 263 | 7:19:59 | 76.4 | 8:23:46 | 57 |
Orenburg | 55 07 | 51 47 | 6:14:29 | 270 | 7:16:04 | 62.2 | 8:23:02 | 46 |
Orsk | 58 34 | 51 12 | 6:13:38 | 271 | 7:15:17 | 58.8 | 8:22:27 | 43 |
Palana | 159 57 | 59 05 | 8:31:32 | 308 | 9:23:25 | 23.0 | 10:12:27 | 30 |
Pevek | 170 19 | 69 42 | 8:06:54 | 288 | 9:10:43 | 48.5 | 10:11:38 | 49 |
Penza | 45 01 | 53 11 | 6:18:05 | 265 | 7:18:56 | 70.9 | 8:24:37 | 52 |
Perm' | 56 15 | 58 00 | 6:25:28 | 267 | 7:29:29 | 66.7 | 8:38:28 | 50 |
Petrozavodsk | 34 21 | 61 47 | 6:35:25 | 260 | 7:37:09 | 82.0 | 8:42:40 | 61 |
Petropavlovsk- Kamchatskii |
158 39 | 53 01 | 8:59:33 | 326 | 9:32:16 | 8.1 | 10:03:40 | 14 |
Pskov | 28 20 | 57 49 | 6:31:12 | 260 | 7:30:53 | 83.4 | 8:34:19 | 62 |
Rostov-na-Donu | 39 43 | 47 15 | 6:10:48 | 266 | 7:08:41 | 69.4 | 8:11:14 | 51 |
Ryazyan' | 39 42 | 54 37 | 6:21:52 | 263 | 7:22:23 | 75.3 | 8:27:24 | 56 |
Salehard | 66 36 | 66 32 | 6:43:50 | 268 | 7:51:08 | 66.7 | 9:02:19 | 52 |
Samara | 50 13 | 53 13 | 6:17:13 | 267 | 7:18:48 | 67.2 | 8:25:28 | 50 |
Sankt-Peterburg | 30 20 | 59 55 | 6:33:41 | 260 | 7:34:17 | 83.3 | 8:38:36 | 62 |
Saransk | 45 11 | 54 11 | 6:19:42 | 265 | 7:20:54 | 71.5 | 8:26:55 | 53 |
Saratov | 45 59 | 51 31 | 6:15:11 | 266 | 7:15:33 | 68.8 | 8:20:53 | 51 |
Serov | 60 36 | 59 35 | 6:28:53 | 269 | 7:33:56 | 64.9 | 8:43:53 | 49 |
Smolensk | 32 03 | 54 47 | 6:24:59 | 261 | 7:24:21 | 79.9 | 8:27:47 | 59 |
Stavropol' | 41 59 | 45 03 | 6:06:55 | 268 | 7:04:10 | 65.6 | 8:06:11 | 49 |
Surgut | 73 25 | 61 15 | 6:36:07 | 273 | 7:42:53 | 57.2 | 8:54:17 | 44 |
Syktyvkar | 50 49 | 61 40 | 6:32:19 | 265 | 7:36:35 | 72.9 | 8:45:17 | 55 |
Tambov | 41 26 | 52 43 | 6:18:18 | 264 | 7:18:27 | 72.9 | 8:23:17 | 54 |
Tver' | 35 54 | 56 51 | 6:26:43 | 262 | 7:27:19 | 79.0 | 8:32:07 | 59 |
Tiksi | 128 51 | 71 38 | 7:33:54 | 284 | 8:42:18 | 48.9 | 9:49:48 | 45 |
Tol'yatti | 49 24 | 53 32 | 6:17:52 | 267 | 7:19:26 | 68.1 | 8:26:04 | 50 |
Tomsk | 85 00 | 56 30 | 6:36:12 | 282 | 7:40:38 | 41.8 | 8:49:47 | 33 |
Tula | 37 35 | 54 12 | 6:21:54 | 263 | 7:21:58 | 76.4 | 8:26:25 | 57 |
Tura | 100 14 | 64 17 | 7:02:41 | 283 | 8:10:26 | 43.6 | 9:20:29 | 37 |
Tyumen' | 65 33 | 57 09 | 6:25:25 | 272 | 7:30:09 | 58.9 | 8:40:08 | 44 |
Ulan-Ude | 107 38 | 51 49 | 7:13:58 | 307 | 8:00:36 | 13.1 | 8:48:45 | 8 |
Ul'yanovsk | 48 20 | 54 18 | 6:19:18 | 266 | 7:21:01 | 69.4 | 8:27:40 | 51 |
Ust'-Ilimsk | 102 45 | 57 58 | 7:01:28 | 292 | 8:03:34 | 30.0 | 9:08:11 | 26 |
Ust'-Ordynskii | 104 45 | 52 48 | 7:05:23 | 302 | 7:57:25 | 17.7 | 8:51:37 | 13 |
Ufa | 56 00 | 54 45 | 6:19:35 | 269 | 7:22:27 | 64.2 | 8:30:33 | 48 |
Uhta | 53 44 | 63 33 | 6:35:55 | 265 | 7:41:03 | 72.2 | 8:50:27 | 55 |
Uelen | -169 48 | 66 09 | 8:21:27 | 289 | 9:21:45 | 49.8 | 10:18:56 | 51 |
Hanty-Mansiisk | 69 01 | 61 00 | 6:33:47 | 271 | 7:40:08 | 60.1 | 8:51:14 | 46 |
Cheboksary | 47 16 | 56 08 | 6:22:37 | 265 | 7:24:46 | 71.5 | 8:31:43 | 53 |
Chelyabinsk | 61 25 | 55 10 | 6:20:51 | 271 | 7:24:27 | 60.3 | 8:33:25 | 45 |
Cherkessk | 42 03 | 44 14 | 6:05:49 | 269 | 7:02:43 | 64.7 | 8:04:22 | 48 |
Chita | 113 22 | 52 03 | 7:31:13 | 313 | 8:11:55 | 9.2 | 8:53:19 | 5 |
Elista | 44 16 | 46 19 | 6:07:52 | 268 | 7:05:56 | 65.3 | 8:08:54 | 48 |
Yakutsk | 129 44 | 62 02 | 7:45:27 | 299 | 8:45:51 | 27.0 | 9:45:00 | 29 |
Yaroslavl' | 39 53 | 57 37 | 6:26:45 | 262 | 7:28:13 | 77.1 | 8:34:02 | 57 |
Prinyatye
oboznacheniya:
L i F - geograficheskaya dolgota i shirota
naselennogo punkta
Fm - naibol'shaya velichina zatmeniya (v
procentah)
Po - pozicionnye ugly kontaktov solnechnogo i lunnogo
diskov v nachale i v konce chastnogo zatmeniya; otschityvayutsya ot severnoi
tochki solnechnogo diska protiv vrasheniya chasovoi strelki
Momenty
nachala, maksimuma i konca zatmeniya sootvetstvuyut moskovskomu letnemu
vremeni.
Kak rasschitat' moment solnechnogo zatmeniya dlya proizvol'nogo punkta?
Esli neobhodimo rasschitat' obstoyatel'stva vidimosti zatmeniya v kakom-libo proizvol'nom naselennom punkte s geograficheskimi koordinatami L i F, dlya nachala vyberite iz tablicy tri naselennyh punkta, raspolozhennye kak mozhno blizhe k proizvol'nomu punktu. Samyi blizhnii iz etih treh punktov oboznachim kak pervyi i opredelim dlya nego differencial'nye popravki A i V. Dlya nachala naidem raznosti geograficheskih dolgot, shirot (v gradusah i dolyah gradusa) i raznosti momentov zatmeniya (v sekundah vremeni) mezhdu vtorym i pervym, i tret'im i pervym punktami:
DL2 = L2 - L1 DF2 = F2 - F1 DT2 = T2 - T1
DL3 = L3 - L1 DF3 = F3 - F1 DT3 = T3 - T1
Moment zatmeniya v proizvol'nom punkte opredelyaetsya po formule, v kotoroi vtoroe i tret'e slagaemye predstavlyayut soboi popravku vyrazhennuyu v sekundah vremeni:
T = T1 + A(L-L1) + B(F-F1)
Kak nablyudat' Solnce?
Kazhdyi raz, kogda proishodit solnechnoe zatmenie ili prohozhdenie planety po disku Solnca milliony lyudei ustremlyayut svoi vzory na dnevnoe svetilo. I kazhdyi raz, nesmotrya na mnogochislennye preduprezhdeniya, chto smotrya na Solnce mozhno oslepnut', nahodyatsya neschastnye zaglyadyvayushie v okulyary zritel'nyh trub i prevrashayushie svoi glaza v varenyi belok! :-(
Esli Vy planiruete nablyudat' solnechnoe zatmenie v binokl', podzornuyu trubu ili teleskop, neobhodimo sproecirovat' izobrazhenie Solnca na belyi list bumagi ili, naprimer,na maiku togo zhe cveta, kak eto sdelal lyubitel' astronomii Ul'yanovska Dmitrii Borodin 11 avgusta 1999 goda.
Navodit' teleskop na Solnce sleduet po teni, kotoruyu teleskop otbrasyvaet na zemlyu. Povorachivaya teleskop, dobivaites' chtoby ten' stala krugloi. Kogda truba teleskopa ustanovitsya parallel'no solnechnym lucham, izobrazhenie Solnca poyavitsya v pole zreniya. Posle etogo, glyadya na sproecirovannoe izobrazhenie Solnca, otreguliruite rezkost' i zashitite izobrazhenie ot rasseyannogo solnechnogo sveta.
Esli Vy planiruete nablyudeniya nevooruzhennym glazom, zaranee pripasite steklo ot maski svarshika, gusto zakopchennoe steklo ili zasvechennuyu i zatem proyavlennuyu fotoplenku. Takzhe okazyvaetsya, chto v kachestve fil'tra mozhno primenit'... disketu, tochnee plenku magnitnogo diska, izvlechennogo iz korpusa-oblozhki.
Popytaites' poimat' momenty nachala i konca zatmeniya
Pri nablyudeniyah solnechnogo zatmeniya vsegda interesno otmetit' momenty nachala i konca zatmeniya. Vvidu razlichnyh geograficheskih koordinat, dazhe v predelah odnogo goroda, razlichiya mezhdu raschetnymi i nablyudaemymi momentami mogut sostavlyat' desyatki sekund! Odnako, pri strogih vychisleniyah, s ispol'zovaniem tochnyh geograficheskih koordinat tochki nablyudeniya, takoe razlichie bylo by strannym obstoyatel'stvom.
Tochnost', s kotoroi Vy opredelite vremya kontakta, zavisit ne tol'ko ot bystroty reakcii nablyudatelya i otregulirovannogo mehanizma, no i ot celenapravlennogo nablyudeniya toi tochki solnechnogo diska, gde dolzhno proizoiti soprikosnovenie s Lunoi. Obratite vnimanie, chto pozicionnye ugly kontaktov solnechnogo i lunnogo diskov (P) otschityvayutsya ot severnogo polyusa mira. V ryade sluchaev vygodno znat' ugol kontakta, kotoryi otschityvaetsya ot verhnego kraya diska Solnca. Etot ugol mozhno opredelit' po formule:
gde F - shirota mesta
nablyudeniya, t i d - chasovoi ugol i sklonenie
Solnca.
Krome togo, sleduet pomnit', chto pri nablyudenii v teleskop izobrazhenie Solnca mozhet byt' perevernutym, a pri nablyudenii na solnechnom ekrane - zerkal'nym. Pozabudete ob etom, i zatmenie nachnetsya ne tam, gde Vy ozhidali.
Chto mozhno uvidet' na Solnce?
Vo vremya chastnogo solnechnogo zatmeniya dazhe nevooruzhennym glazom netrudno zametit', chto usherb na Solnce vyglyadit bolee rezkim i kontrastnym, nezheli kraya samogo Solnca. Prichina etogo yavleniya sostoit v tom, chto Luna prakticheski lishena atmosfery, a nad yarkoi vidimoi poverhnost'yu Solnca - fotosferoi, prostirayutsya vneshnie, menee yarkie i potomu nevidimye pri obychnyh usloviyah sloi - hromosfera i korona, v kakoi-to mere oni oslablyayut potok izlucheniya idushii ot fotosfery i osobenno ot kraev diska Solnca.
Esli Vy nablyudaete solnechnoe zatmenie v teleskop, obratite vnimanie na nerovnosti lunnogo kraya (vse eto lunnye gory i kratery). Sluchaetsya, chto Luna "napolzaet" na solnechnye pyatna i fakely. Pri etom, ona pokryvaet ih ne sovsem obychno. Kak tol'ko Luna priblizhaetsya vplotnuyu k kakomu-libo pyatnu, mezhdu pyatnom i Lunoi voznikaet podobie mostika.
Chto proishodit vokrug nas?
Okazyvaetsya, chto do izobreteniya teleskopa lyudi nablyudali Solnce i solnechnye zatmeniya, v chastnosti, kak budto by s teleskopom! Rech' idet ob hitroumnom prisposoblenii izvestnom kak kamera obskura. V klassicheskom variante kamera obskura predstavlyaet soboi temnoe pomeshenie v kotoroe skvoz' sravnitel'no uzkoe otverstie pronikaet pryamoi solnechnyi svet. Esli takoi solnechnyi luchik padaet, k primeru, na stenu, to my uvidim tam izobrazhenie Solnca! Prichem, ono budet tem krupnee, chem bol'she rasstoyanie mezhdu otverstiem i stenoi.
V estestvennyh usloviyah kameroi obskura mozhet okazat'sya listva derev'ev. Fotografiya s mnogochislennymi izobrazheniyami chastnogo zatmeniya Solnca, kotorye pytaetsya pokazat' Ivan Purtov, byla poluchena lyubitelyami astronomii Ul'yanovska 11 avgusta 1999 goda. Po opytu nablyudenii etogo zatmeniya mozhno dobavit', chto dazhe prodelav nebol'shoe otvetstie v kartone i propustiv skvoz' nego solnechnyi svet na list bumagi, mozhno poluchit' izobrazhenie Solnca. Ono poluchitsya nebol'shim, zato ne nuzhno nikakogo pomesheniya!
Kogda Luna zakryvaet Solnce na polovinu i bolee, stanovitsya zametnym oslablenie dnevnogo sveta. Osveshenie zatmivshegosya Solnca pohozhe na osveshenie fonarya - tochechnogo istochnika sveta, i teni, otbrasyvaemye predmetami, stanovyatsya bolee rezkimi i kontrastnymi. Sushestvennaya raznica vidna po dvum fotografiyam teni Dmitriya Borodina. Pervyi snimok byl sdelan v maksimume zatmeniya 11 avgusta 1999 goda (velichina zatmeniya 61 procent), vtoroi - srazu posle zatmeniya.
Chitaite takzhe: Polnye solnechnye zatmeniya nad Rossiei
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
Solnechnoe zatmenie - kamera-obskura - nablyudeniya Solnca
Publikacii so slovami: Solnechnoe zatmenie - |