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  • 21.06.2003. Sledy sverhnovoi v krivoi bleska i spektre opticheskogo oreola gamma-vspleska GRB 021211
  • 18.06.2003. Vrashenie Be zvezdy Ahernar po dannym VLTI-VINCI
  • 15.06.2003. Kannibalizm v skoplenii galaktik C0337-2522 na z=0.59

    Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


    Stat'i nedeli
    "Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • astro-ph/0306275
    Inflyaciya i kosmologicheskie vozmusheniya

  • astro-ph/0306277
    Vrashenie Be zvezdy Ahernar po dannym VLTI-VINCI

  • astro-ph/0306402
    Novoe o temnoi materii


    Goryachie temy nedeli

  • Kosmicheskie luchi

    Otdel'nye stat'i

  • Inflyaciya i kosmologicheskie vozmusheniya

  • Vrashenie Be zvezdy Ahernar po dannym VLTI-VINCI

  • Obzor lokal'noi mezhzvezdnoi sredy v predelah 200 pk po dannym FUSE

  • Zatuhanie tenzornyh mod v kosmologii

  • Struktura dzhetov ot kilo- do megaparsekov po dannym Chandra

  • Porozhdaemyi vyazkost'yu veter ot magnitnyh akkrecionnyh diskov

  • Raznica mezhdu skopleniyami i gruppami

  • Izuchenie gravitacii na TeVnom masshtabe po shirokim atmosfernym livnyam

  • Proverka lorenc-invariantnosti s pomosh'yu mikrovolnovyh rezonatorov

  • Ochen' energichnaya sverhnovaya, associiruyushayasya s gamma-vspleskom 29 marta 2003 goda

  • Poisk sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr po zvezdnoi dinamike

  • Rekonstrukciya linzirovaniya po polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya

  • Interferometricheskie nablyudeniya reliktovogo izlucheniya

  • Teoriya spin-orbital'nogo dvizheniya Merkuriya i analiz ego glavnyh libracii

  • Fotometricheskaya peremennosti molodyh malomassivnyh buryh karlikov

  • Tri stat'i po proektu GRAND

  • Novoe o temnoi materii

  • Effektivnyi metod poiska zvona chernyh dyr


    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.

    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya,
    neitrino,
    kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
    galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
    nasha Galaktika,
    mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
    zvezdy,
    sverhnovye,
    ostatki sverhnovyh,
    chernye dyry,
    neitronnye zvezdy,
    linzirovanie,
    Solnce,
    ekzoplanety,
    Solnechnaya sistema,
    akkreciya,
    tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
    gamma-vspleski,
    gravitacionnye volny,
    mehanizmy izlucheniya,
    chislennoe modelirovanie,
    dinamika, mehanika
    metody obrabotki dannyh,
    MGD,
    metody nablyudenii,
    budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
    prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.
  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N47
    astro-ph za 16 - 21 iyunya 2003 goda: izbrannye stat'i


    Goryachie temy nedeli

    Kosmicheskie luchi

    Na etoi nedele v Arhive poyavilos' mnozhestvo statei, kotorye budut opublikovany v materialah 28-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham, kotoraya proidet v Cukube (Yaponiya) v nachale avgusta.

    Dovol'no pravil'naya praktika izdavat' trudy konferencii ne cherez god-dva posle ee provedeniya, a neskol'ko bystree. No chtoby sdelat' tolkovyi tom nado potrudit'sya, a na eto trebuetsya vremya. Poetomu logichno sobirat' materialy do konferencii, a ne posle. Imenno tak i postupili organizatory 28-i mezhdunarodnoi. Poetomu v Arhive poyavilos' uzhe okolo polusotni statei, napravlennyh v trudy etoi konferencii. Nabrav v poiske `International Cosmic Ray Conference' v grafe "comments", mozhno legko vyzvat' vse eti stat'i i posmotret', chem seichas zanimayutsya v etoi nauke.

    Sredi statei etoi nedeli otmetim rabotu, posvyashennuyu probleme poiska ekzoticheskih sobytii, svyazannyh s vozmozhnost' obrazovaniya mikroskopicheskih chernyh dyr i drugih ekzoticheskih ob'ektov pri vzaimodeistvii vysokoenergichnyh chastic s atmosferoi Zemli.

    Krome togo, my vydelili tri stat'i, posvyashennye ustanovke GRAND. Nikakie sverhinteresnye nauchnye rezul'taty v etih stat'yah ne predstavleny. Odnako, sam proekt (osobenno esli pochitat' ego stranicu) predstavlyaet nekotoryi interes s tochki zreniya organizacii nauki i ne tol'ko.

    Iz statei, nevoshedshih v etot vypusk, stoit upomyanut' neskol'ko statei Moskalenko i dr., posvyashennyh rasprostraneniyu kosmicheskih luchei v Galaktike, a takzhe rabotu "VHE gamma-rays From Extragalactic Large Scale Jets", v kotoroi, kak yasno iz nazvaniya, rech' idet o proizvodstve kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii v dzhetah aktivnyh yader galaktik.



    Referaty otdel'nyh statei

    noveishaya istoriya! astro-ph/0306275 Inflyaciya i kosmologicheskie vozmusheniya (Inflation and Cosmological Perturbations)
    Authors: Alan H. Guth
    Comments: 23 pages, 7 figures; to be published in "The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology," eds: G.W. Gibbons, E.P.S. Shellard, and S.J. Rankin

    Vsem sovetuem prochitat' etu stat'yu. Po suti eto otredaktirovannaya stenogramma doklada na konferencii, posvyashennoi 60-letiyu Stivena Hokinga. Stil' izlozheniya zamechatel'nyi: s shutkami i liricheskimi otstupleniyami. Gus, buduchi odnim iz osnovatelei teorii inflyacii, detal'no i interesno rasskazyvaet ob istorii etih sobytii, proishodivshih okolo 20 let nazad. Mozhno neposredstvenno oshutit' mnogie osobennosti raboty "na linii fronta".

    Vtoraya chast' stat'i posvyashena novoi rabote Borde, Vilenkina i Gusa, v kotoroi oni pokazali, chto po krainei mere naibolee prostye modeli inflyacii, buduchi "vechnymi" v budushem, vse-taki trebuyut "nachala" v proshlom.

    Nekotoraya chast' raboty, kak sleduet iz nazvaniya, posvyashena pervichnym vozmusheniyam (eta byla problema pervoi teorii, predlozhennoi Gusom, v dal'neishih rabotah - prezhde vsego stat'yah Linde - eta problema byla reshena). T.o. bolee "prodvinutym" chitatelyam mozhet byt' interesno prochest' svezhuyu original'nuyu rabotu "Cosmological Perturbations in a Big Crunch/Big Bang Space-time", posvyashennuyu probleme kosmologicheskih vozmushenii.


    astro-ph/0306277 Vrashenie Be zvezdy Ahernar po dannym VLTI-VINCI (The spinning-top Be star Achernar from VLTI-VINCI)
    Authors: A. Domiciano de Souza et al.
    Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for Publication in A&A Letter

    Odna iz izvestnyh yarkih zvezd al'fa Eridana - Ahernar - yavlyaetsya t.n. Ve-zvezdoi. Eto zvezdy rannih spektral'nyh klassov, ne yavlyayushiesya sverhgigantami i pokazyvayushie emissionnye bal'merovskie linii. Eti linii svyazany s okolozvednoi obolochkoi. Vazhnym svoistvom Ve-zvezd yavlyaetsya bystroe vrashenie.

    V dannoi rabote avtory ispol'zuyut VLT v rezhime interferometra, chtoby poluchit' izobrazhenie Ahernara. T.k. eto blizkaya (44 parseka) nemalen'kaya (okolo 12 radiusov Solnca) zvezda, to takaya zadacha vpolne vypolnima. Rezul'tat vy vidite na risunke.

    Chto udivitel'nogo v etom rezul'tate? Zvezda sushestvenno splyusnuta. Pervoe, chto prihodit v golovu - my vidim ne zvezdu, a obolochku vokrug nee, istekayushuyu s ekvatora, tak chto net nichego sverhporazitel'nogo. Odnako avtory pokazali (po dannym IK nablyudenii i po linii Ash-al'fa), chto obolochka ne mozhet vnosit' sushestvennogo vklada v ih nablyudeniya! Znachit, my vse-taki vidim zvezdu. Stol' vysokaya splyusnutost' stavit nekotorye problemy pered standartnoi teoriei. No k schast'yu v kustah nas vsegda zhdet royal': nagotove menee standartnye teorii, kotorye prosto uchityvayut bolee tonkie effekty. V dannom sluchae takim effektom yavlyaetsya differencial'noe vrashenie zvezdy. Po-vidimomu, teper' my imeem pervoe stol' pryamoe ukazanie na to, chto po krainei mere dlya bystro vrashayushihsya zvezd odnorodnoe vrashenie ne podhodit.
    (sm. takzhe press-reliz ESO.)


    astro-ph/0306280 Obzor lokal'noi mezhzvezdnoi sredy v predelah 200 pk po dannym FUSE (FUSE Survey of the Local Interstellar Medium within 200 Parsec)
    Authors: N. Lehner et al.
    Comments: 30 pages, Accepted for publication in the ApJ

    FUSE - The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Zapushen v 1999 g. Ul'trafioletovye missii ochen' vazhny dlya resheniya mnogih unikal'nyh zadach. Sredi nih i issledovaniya mezhzvezdnoi sredy.

    Avtory predstavlyayut dannye, poluchennye na osnove analiza spektrov 30 belyh karlikov i odnogo subkarlika, nahodyashihsya na rasstoyaniyah do 200 pk. Polucheny novye sushestvennye dannye po nashei lokal'noi mezhzvezdnoi srede (vklyuchaya t.n. Mestnyi puzyr'). Odnim iz vazhnyh rezul'tatov yavlyaetsya otsutstvie molekulyarnogo vodoroda v Mestnom puzyre. Krome togo, avtory privodyat argumenty protiv nedavnei (menee 106 let) vspyshki sverhnovoi vblizi Solnca.


    astro-ph/0306304 Zatuhanie tenzornyh mod v kosmologii (Damping of Tensor Modes in Cosmology)
    Authors: Steven Weinberg (Theory Group, Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin)
    Comments: 7pages, Latex, no special macros Report-no: UTTG-02-03

    (Stiven Vainberg - klassik sovremennoi kosmologii. Ego kniga "Gravitaciya i kosmologiya" dolgie gody byla luchshim uchebnikom po kosmologii (ona ochen' horosha i segodnya, no tol'ko v otnoshenii klassicheskih razdelov etoi nauki), a ego broshyura "Pervye tri minuty" byla nauchno-populyarnym bestsellerom.)

    Okruzhayushii nas mir neodnoroden v malyh (po kosmologicheskim merkam) masshtabam. Prichina etogo v tom, chto v dalekom proshlom vo Vselennoi sushestvovali nebol'shie vozmusheniya. (Eti vozmusheniya sushestvovali "vsegda" oni voshodyat k kvantovym fluktuaciyam na moment Bol'shogo vzryva.) Vozmusheniya mogli byt' treh principial'no razlichnyh tipov: plotnosti veshestva (adiabaticheskie), skorostei chastic (vihrevye) i gravitacionnogo potenciala (tenzornye gravitacionnye volny). Po mere rasshireniya Mira vihrevye vozmusheniya ubyvayut bystree vsego i na segodnyashnii den' ne dolzhny davat' skol'-nibud' zametnyh proyavlenii (naprimer v anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya). Nablyudeniya etomu teoreticheskomu utverzhdeniyu ne protivorechat. Adiabaticheskie i tenzornye mody dolzhny prisutstvovat' i segodnya. Soglasno teorii adiabaticheskie mody sushestvuyut na lyubyh uglovyh masshtabah, a gravitacionnye volny (tenzornye mody) tol'ko na dostatochno krupnyh. Otnoshenie vkladov adiabaticheskih i tenzornyh mod na nizkih mul'tipolyah vazhnyi i interesnyi kosmologicheskii parametr.

    V dannoi zametke vyvedena analiticheskaya formuly dlya zatuhaniya tenzornyh mod v mire zapolnennom, svobodnymi neitrino. Poluchen ryad interesnyh sootnoshenii.


    astro-ph/0306317 Struktura dzhetov ot kilo- do megaparsekov po dannym Chandra (CHANDRA Observations of X-ray Jet Structure on kpc to Mpc Scales)
    Authors: D.A.Schwartz et al.
    Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the Bologna jet workshop, "The Physics of Relativistic Jets in the CHANDRA and XMM Era."

    Kosmicheskaya observatoriya Chandra pozvolyaet vesti nablyudeniya v myagkom rentgenoe s uglovym razresheniem luchshe 0.5". Eto pozvolyaet rassmotret' vo vnegalakticheskih rentgenovskih dzhetah struktury s razmerom ot neskol'kih kiloparsek ili ot neskol'kih soten kiloparsek (v zavisimosti ot udaleniya ob'ekta).

    V dannoi rabote byli izucheny dzhety chetyreh kvazarov. Ih rentgenovskoe izluchenie voznikaet v rezul'tate obratnogo Kompton-effekta: relyativistskie elektrony v dzhetah stalkivayutsya s fotonomi reliktovogo izlucheniya. Eti nablyudeniya pozvolyayut ocenit' potok kineticheskoi energii, perenosimoi veshestvom dzheta. On sostavlyaet ~1046 erg/s na rasstoyanii poryadka soten kpk ot osnovaniya dzheta.


    Rentgenovskie izobrazheniya dzhetov kvazarov


    astro-ph/0306328 Porozhdaemyi vyazkost'yu veter ot magnitnyh akkrecionnyh diskov (Viscosity-Driven Winds from Magnetized Accretion Disks)
    Authors: Daizo Maruta, Osamu Kaburaki
    Comments: accepted for publication in ApJ

    Chto proishodit s akkrecionnym diskom, kotoryi pronizyvaetsya global'nym magnitnym polem? Hod akkrecii v nem kontroliruetsya odnovremenno dvumya processami - magnitnym polem i vyazkost'yu plazmy. Avtoram dannoi raboty udalos' postroit' analiticheskuyu model' dlya takogo diska v advekcionno-dominirovannom sluchae (kogda osnovnaya chast' vydelyaemogo v vyazkih processah tepla perenositsya po radiusu potokom veshestva, a ne diffundiruet poperek diska, kak v standartnoi modeli). Silovye linii polya, poperechno peresekayushie disk, porozhdayut magnitnyi veter - chasticy veshestva s poverhnosti diska uskoryayutsya vdol' silovyh linii. Vdol' osi vrasheniya diska pri etom obrazuyutsya dzhetopodobnye struktury. Vse eti detali izobrazheny na predstavlennoi sheme.


    "Konceptual'naya shema" zamagnichennogo akkrecionnogo diska


    obzor astro-ph/0306342 Raznica mezhdu skopleniyami i gruppami: puteshestvie ot yader skoplenii do samyh do okrain i obratno (The Difference Between Clusters and Groups: A Journey from Cluster Cores to their Outskirts and Beyond)
    Authors: Richard G. Bower, Michael L. Balogh
    Comments: Invited review talk to be published in the Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 3: Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and Galaxy Evolution, ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, and A. Oemler (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press). 17 pages, Latex

    Vspominaetsya mul'tfil'm pro popugaya, martyshku, udava i slonenka, v kotorom oni obsuzhdali skol'ko orehov sostavlyayut kuchu. V dannom obzore avtory obsuzhdayut raznicu mezhdu gruppami i skopleniyami galaktik. Na samom dele uzhe v poslednem abzace pervogo razdela (1.1) avtory dayut opredelenie gruppy i skopleniya (sootvetstvenno massa galo ot 1013 do 1014 mass Solnca i bolee 1014). Zatem obsuzhdaetsya temp zvezdoobrazovaniya v galaktikah grupp i skoplenii v zavisimosti ot ih okruzheniya, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya razlichnye svyazannye s etim voprosy.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Nature and Environment of Very Luminous Galaxies", posvyashennuyu samym yarkim galaktikam. Dlya nih svoistvenno byt' okruzhennymi bolee slabymi kompan'onami, hotya pri etom oni ne pokazyvayut zhestkoi korrelyacii s bogatymi gruppami i skopleniyami. Po yarkim galaktikam mozhno otslezhivat' nebol'shie gruppy galaktik, kotorye trudno obnaruzhit' drugimi metodami.


    astro-ph/0306344 Izuchenie gravitacii na TeVnom masshtabe po shirokim atmosfernym livnyam (Probing TeV gravity with extensive air-showers)
    Authors: Maximo Ave, Eun-Joo Ahn, Marco Cavaglia, Angela V. Olinto
    Comments: 4 pages. To be published in the Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference

    Mnogie navernoe pomnyat diskussii po povodu vozmozhnosti sozdaniya mikroskopicheskih (i dazhe menee togo, i slova-to podhodyashego net) chernyh dyr na uskoritelyah. V prirode eto postoyanno proishodit samo soboi (imeyutsya vvidu stolknoveniya ochen' energichnyh chastic) blagodarya sushestvovaniyu kosmicheskih luchei sootvetstvuyushih energii. Vopros v tom, kakova ona - "sootvetstvuyushaya energiya". Esli eto plankovskii masshtab, to zabud'te i pro uskoriteli, i pro kosmicheskie luchi. No v sovremennyh mnogomernyh teoriyah masshtab okazyvaetsya kuda kak men'she plankovskogo: rech' idet vsego lish' o TeVah. Takie luchi my vidim, tochnee vidim t.n. shirokie atmosfernye livni (ShALy), porozhdaemye etimi chasticami.

    Avtory obsuzhdayut, kak mozhno popytat'sya uvidet' (ili zakryt') effekty, svyazannye s raspadom ob'ektov, obrazuyushihsya pri vzaimodeistvii kosmicheskih luchei sverhvysokih energii s chasticami v atmosfere Zemli. Naprimer, esli obrazuetsya ochen' malen'kaya chernaya dyra, to ona budet tut zhe "isparyat'sya", i, sootvetstvenno, my budem videt' produkty etogo "ispareniya". Okazyvaetsya, chto nesmotrya na vsyu ekzotiku otlichit' raspad ekzoticheskogo ob'ekta ot obychnyh reakcii ne tak-to i prosto. No mozhno. Avtory pokazyvayut, kakie osobennosti budut "vydavat'" raspad gravitacionnyh ob'ektov. Pravda, v etoi korotkoi zametke oni ne obsuzhdayut, na kakih ustanovkah mozhno provesti reshayushie nablyudeniya...

    Obsuzhdaya svyaz' ekzoticheskoi fundamental'noi fiziki i astronomii vysokih energii, otmetim, chto nablyudeniya chastic vysokih energii potencial'no mogut davat' vazhnuyu informaciyu ob ochen' mnogih fundamental'nyh processah na bol'shih energeticheskih masshtabah. V chastnosti, est' vazhnye astronomicheskie predely na vozmozhnoe narushenie lorenc-invariantnosti. No laboratornye fiziki tozhe ne otstayut: sm. stat'yu "Tests of Lorentz Invariance Using a Microwave Resonator: An Update".


    gr-qc/0306047 Proverka lorenc-invariantnosti s pomosh'yu mikrovolnovyh rezonatorov (Tests of Lorentz Invariance Using a Microwave Resonator: An Update)
    Authors: P.Wolf et al.
    Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. of the 2003 joint IEEE FCS/EFTF meeting, to appear in Proc. of the 2003 Rencontres de Moriond

    Eksperiment svodilsya k sleduyushemu: v laboratorii byli ustanovleny kol'cevoi sapfirovyi kriogennyi rezonator s sobstvennoi chastotoi primerno 12 MGc i nahodyashiisya s nim v rezonanse vodorodnyi mazer, chastota kotorogo umnozhalas' na 10. Vsya eta sistema nahodilas' na Zemle, t.e. ee skorost' otnositel'no "nepodvizhnogo" reliktovogo fona periodicheski izmenyalas'. Pri narushenii lorenc-invariantnosti nablyudalis' by izmereniya glubiny rezonansa v dannoi sisteme. Etogo obnaruzheno ne bylo, zato udalos' poluchit' samye sil'nye ogranicheniya na vozmozhnuyu velichinu podobnogo narusheniya.

    Obratite vnimanie takzhe na stat'yu astro-ph/0306344, gde rassmatrivayutsya drugie effekty, ne predusmotrennye obychnoi teoriei otnositel'nosti.


    astro-ph/0306347 Ochen' energichnaya sverhnovaya, associiruyushayasya s gamma-vspleskom 29 marta 2003 goda (A very energetic supernova associated with the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003)
    Authors: J.Hjorth et al.
    Comments: 19 pages, 3 figures

    Pervoi sverhnovoi, vspyshku kotoroi svyazali s gamma-vspleskom, byla blizkaya sverhnovaya SN 1998bw (a gamma-vsplesk - GRB980425). Krasnoe smeshenie u 1998bw bylo ravno z=0.0085, chto sootvetstvuet rasstoyaniyu ~37 Mpk. Posle etogo sobytiya proyavleniya sverhnovyh stali "obnaruzhivat'" u mnogih drugih gamma-vspleskov. (Slovo obnaruzhivat' vzyato v kavychki potomu, chto vo vseh sluchayah obnaruzhivalis' ne bolee chem "ukazaniya na prisutstvie sverhnovyh", smotri, naprimer, ANKu ot 21 iyunya 2003 g.) So sverhnovoi 1998bw byli i drugie problemy: 1) nebol'shoe, no znachimoe, nesovpadenie polozheniya rentgenovskogo oreola gamma-vspleska so sverhnovoi; 2) esli dannaya associaciya verna, to polnaya energiya vspleska (pri izotropii ego izlucheniya) sostavlyala by vsego ~8.1047 erg, chto na neskol'ko poryadkov men'she, chem u samogo slabogo vspleska s izmerennym rasstoyaniem.

    Vsplesk GRB030329 okazalsya vtorym (a mozhet byt' pervym) po blizosti k nam. Ego krasnoe smeshenie, izmerennoe avtorami dannoi stat'i na eshele-spektrografe teleskopa VLT (diametrom 8 m), okazalos' ravnym z=0.1685, chto sootvetstvuet rasstoyaniyu ~810 Mpk pri WL=0.7 i H0=70 km/s/Mpk. Energiya etogo vspleska byla vpolne tipichnoi ~9.1051 erg (v diapazone energii 30-400 keV pri izotropnom izluchenii).

    S pomosh'yu teleskopa VLT byla proslezhena spektral'naya evolyuciya opticheskogo oreola GRB030429 v intervale 5-30 dnei posle vspleska. Pervye spektry (3 i 8 aprelya) imeyut pochti stepennoi vid, no po mere zatuhaniya oreola spektr stanovilsya vse bolee pohozh na spektr sverhnovoi 1998bw (na pozdnei stadii). Etot fakt ne dokazyvaet svyazi GRB030429 so vspyshkoi sverhnovoi, no yavlyaetsya sil'nym argumentom v pol'zu dannoi idei. Eshe odin argument - sovpadenie predpolagaemogo momenta vspyshki sverhnovoi s gamma-vspleskom.


    Spektry opticheskogo oreola gamma-vspleska GRB 030429

    Stat'ya budet opublikovana v zhurnale Nature 423, 847-850 (2003).


    obzor astro-ph/0306353 Poisk sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik po zvezdnoi dinamike (The Stellar-Dynamical Search for Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei)
    Authors: John Kormendy
    Comments: 20 pages, 5 figures + 2 tables embedded as figures, LaTeX2e with wrapping fixed, uses ociwsymp1.sty; To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 1: Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies," ed. L. C. Ho (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)

    Naibolee tochnye opredeleniya mass temnyh ob'ektov v centrah galaktik poluchayutsya po nablyudeniyam zvezd, vrashayushihsya blizko ot nih. V stat'e daetsya ischerpyvayushii obzor po poisku sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr etim metodom. Seichas est' uzhe neskol'ko galaktik (vklyuchaya nashu i M31), v kotoryh na osnovanii dannyh nablyudenii mozhno isklyuchit' skoplenie temnyh ob'ektov tipa korichnevyh karlikov ili kompaktnyh ostatkov. Fakticheski, eto oznachaet, chto my imeem delo s chernymi dyrami (ili, mozhno procitirovat' Kipa Torna: "Chernaya dyra - eto samaya konservativnaya gipoteza").

    astro-ph/0306354 Rekonstrukciya linzirovaniya po polyarizacii reliktovogo izlucheniya (Reconstruction of lensing from the cosmic microwave background polarization)
    Authors: Christopher M. Hirata and Uros Seljak
    Comments: 27 pages, 8 figures

    Slaboe gravitacionnoe linzirovanie napryamuyu svyazano s raspredeleniem mass vo Vselennoi (kak vidimogo veshestva, tak i temnoi materii). Imenno poetomu dannyi vopros tak privlekaet kosmologov segodnya.

    Odnako, esli smotret' cherez linzu na odnorodnyi fon, to nikakih izmenenii zametit' ne udastsya. Prichem eto utverzhdenie sovershenno ne zavisit ot svoistv linzy, ona mozhet byt' sobirayushei ili rasseivayushei, steklyannoi ili gravitacionnoi.

    Vliyanie linzy mozhno zametit' tol'ko na neodnorodnom fone, pri etom zhelatel'no znat' kak etot fon vyglyadel iznachal'no, chtoby zametit' poyavivshiesya iskazheniya. V etom smysle reliktovyi fon (s ego neznachitel'nymi fluktuaciyami temperatury) ochen' neudachnyi ob'ekt dlya podobnyh nablyudenii. Situaciya stanovitsya sushestvenno luchshe, esli u reliktovogo izlucheniya nablyudaetsya ne tol'ko potok (ili temperatura), no i polyarizaciya.

    Vse eti voprosy podrobno, chetko i dostatochno strogo rassmotreny v dannoi rabote.


    Tri stat'i po proektu GRAND

    astro-ph/0306363 Izucheniya sobytiya 15 aprelya 2001 g. na ustanovke GRAND (A Study of the Ground Level Event of April 15, 2001 with GRAND)
    Authors: C. D'Andrea, J. Poirier
    Comments: To be presented at the XXVIII International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan

    astro-ph/0306370 Poisk sovpadenii sub-TeVnyh gamma-luchei s gamma-vspleskami BATSE (Search for Sub-TeV Gamma Rays Coincident with BATSE Gamma Ray Bursts)
    Authors: J. Poirier et al.

    astro-ph/0306371 Sistema provolochnyh proporcional'nyh kamer: sostoyanie ustanovki GRAND (A Proportional Wire Chamber Array: GRAND's Status)
    Authors: J. Poirier et al.

    Nachinat' chitat' luchshe imenno s tret'ei stat'i (astro-ph/0306371), v kotoroi sobstvenno opisan eksperiment. GRAND - eto nebol'shaya ustanovka iz 64 stancii po vosem' kamer kazhdaya, razmeshennyh na ploshadi 100 na 100 metrov. Eksperiment rabotaet s 1996 g. Osnovnym dostoinstvom, po mneniyu sozdatelei ustanovki, yavlyaetsya horoshee (dlya dannogo diapazona) uglovoe razreshenie, dostigaemoe blagodarya provolochnym kameram (za razrabotku etih ustroistv v 1992 g. Sharpak poluchil Nobelevskuyu premiyu). Sobstvenno, nichego vydayushegosya v samoi ustanovke net. Prosto, na nash vzglyad, ona yavlyaetsya pokazatel'nym primerom nebol'shih nedorogih eksperimentov, kotoryh sushestvuet dostatochno mnogo. (Polnaya stoimost', ukazannaya na stranice proekta, poryadka milliona dollarov. Seichas proekt ishet chastnoe sponsorstvo, poteryav podderzhku Nacional'nogo Nauchnogo Fonda. Osnovnye tekushie rashody na podderzhku ustanovki, sostavlyayushie okolo 200 dollarov v nedelyu, svyazany s ispol'zovaniem argona.) V pervyh dvuh stat'yah privodyatsya primery, chto mozhet davat' takaya ustanovka (krome studencheskogo praktikuma).

    V pervoi stat'e opisana registraciya myuonnogo sobytiya, svyazannogo s solnechnoi vspyshkoi 15 aprelya 2001 g.

    Vo vtoroi - opisyvaetsya poisk sovpadenii sobytii, zaregistrirovannyh GRANDom, s gamma-vspleskami BATSE. Ni odnogo sovpadeniya ne obnaruzheno (samyi sil'nyi kandidat - na urovne 2.7 sigma).

    Povtorimsya, nichego vydayushegosya v etih dostizheniyah net. No, vozmozhno, komu-to budet interesno pochitat' pro rabotu nebol'shih ustanovok v SShA.


    obzor astro-ph/0306383 Interferometricheskie nablyudeniya reliktovogo izlucheniya (Interferometric Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation)
    Authors: A. C. S. Readhead, T. J. Pearson
    Comments: To appear in Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe, ed. W. L. Freedman (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press); 21 pages; low-quality figures

    Radiointerferometry uzhe horosho zarekomendovali sebya pri nablyudenii reliktovogo fona. Oni prekrasno rabotayut na malyh uglovyh masshtabah, pri etom dannye pribory pozvolyayut registrirovat' kak polnyi potok radiacii, tak i ee polyarizaciyu.


    Shema radiointerferometra

    Na segodnyashnii den' deistvuyut tri interferometricheskih ustanovki dlya issledovaniya kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo fona: CBI - Cosmic Background Imager (ustanovlen na vysote 5080 m v Chiliiskih Andah), DASI - Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (ustanovlen na yuzhnom polyuse) i VSA - Very Small Array (na observatorii Tenerif). Parametry ustanovok dostatochno pohozhi. V obzore vy naidete ih podrobnoe opisanie, a takzhe teoriyu nablyudenii na podobnyh interferometrah.


    Vneshnii vid interferometra CBI


    astro-ph/0306387 Teoriya spin-orbital'nogo dvizheniya Merkuriya i analiz ego glavnyh libracii (Theory of the Mercury's spin-orbit motion and analysis of its main Librations)
    Authors: N.Rambaux, E.Bois
    Comments: 15 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, submitted to A&A

    Do 1965 goda schitalos', chto Merkurii obrashaetsya vokrug Solnca sinhronno (podobno Lune vokrug Zemli, orbital'nyi i osevoi periody pri etom ravny). V 1965 godu bylo pokazano, chto eto ne tak, Merkurii obrashaetsya vokrug Solnca v spin-orbital'nom rezonanse 3:2 (osevoi period - 58.656 dnya, orbital'nyi - 87.969 dnya). Etot neozhidannyi rezonans svyazan s nenulevym ekscentrisitetom orbity Merkuriya i sushestvennoi asimmetriei samoi planety. Dannye, poluchennye kosmicheskimi apparatami MESSENGER i BepiColombo, pozvolili postroit' novuyu bolee tochnuyu teoriyu dvizheniya Merkuriya. Eta teoriya pozvolyaet predskazat' ego libracii. V dvizhenii planety vyyavleny dva sobstvennyh perioda (15.847 i 1066 let) i vekovoi rezonans (na chastote 278898 let).


    Shema vozniknovkemya 3:2 spin-orbital'nogo rezonansa Merkuriya


    astro-ph/0306398 Fotometricheskaya peremennosti molodyh malomassivnyh buryh karlikov (Photometric variability of a young, low-mass brown dwarf)
    Authors: M.R. Zapatero Osorio et al.
    Comments: A&A, accepted for publication

    V buryh (korichnevyh) karlikah ne idut osnovnye termoyadernye reakcii (t.e. ne gorit vodorod, legkie elementy, tipa Li, v etih ob'ektah mogut vygorat'), vremya teplovoi relaksacii buryh karlikov ogromno. Mozhno li ozhidat', chto v nih vozmozhna kakaya-to peremennost'?

    Avtory dannoi stat'i proveli fotometriyu molodogo (1-8 mln. let) burogo karlika S Ori 45 iz skopleniya sigma Orionis v polosah I i J. Byla obnaruzhena peremennost' s amplitudoi 0.03-0.08m i periodom 2.5-3.6 chasa v oboih fil'trah. Prichiny podobnoi modulyacii mogut byt' razlichnymi, no skoree vsego eto vrashenie. V odnom iz seansov nablyudenii byla zaregistrirovana bystraya modulyaciya s periodom 46.4+/-1.5 min, priroda kotoroi sovershenno ne ponyatna.


    miniobzor! astro-ph/0306402 Novoe o temnoi materii (New Light on Dark Matter)
    Authors: Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Paul J. Steinhardt
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures

    Bezuslovno, luchshie populyarnye stat'i pishutsya krupnymi avtoritetnymi uchenymi, imeyushimi opyt i talant populyarizatorstva. Ostraiker i Shteinhard bezuslovno otnosyatsya k ih chislu. Dannaya stat'ya (bez opoznavatel'nyh znakov) predstavlyaet soboi populyarnyi obzor, posvyashennyi temnoi materii. Avtory nachinayut s samogo nachala, s azov, prodvigayas' postepenno k osnovnoi teme stat'i:"kak po dannym o galaktikah mozhno poluchit' vazhnuyu informaciyu o svoistvah temnoi materii".


    gr-qc/0306082 Effektivnyi metod poiska zvona chernyh dyr (An Effective Search Method for Gravitational Ringing of Black Holes)
    Authors: Hiroyuki Nakano et al.
    Comments: 17 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D

    Esli kak-to vozmutit' formu chernoi dyry (takoe proishodit pri padenii na chernuyu dyru ili blizkom prolete massivnogo tela, pri sliyanii dvuh chernyh dyr i t.p.), to chernaya dyra budet stremit'sya v ravnovesnomu sostoyaniyu, a "izbavit'sya ot vozmushenii" ona smozhet edinstvennym dostupnym ei sposobom - s pomosh'yu ispuskaniya gravitacionnyh voln. Vozmushenie raspadaetsya na ryad fundamental'nyh mod - sobstvennyh kolebanii chernoi dyry. Podobnoe izluchenie ot chernoi dyry nazyvaetsya "zvonom". Amplituda takih kolebanii mozhet byt' dostatochno velika dlya registracii na lazernyh interferometrah. Prichem obnaruzhenie podobnogo gravitacionnogo izlucheniya budet pryamym dokazatel'stvom sushestvovaniya chernyh dyr.

    Avtorami dannoi stat'i postroeno semeistvo shablonov - teoreticheskih profilei signalov - dlya effektivnogo poiska "zvona" chernyh dyr.



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