The R.A.P.Project "Novosti na assemblere" Nemnogo statistiki Predydushii vypusk (N47) ANKa Dnya Slovar' astroterminov Spisok missii i teleskopov Obzory UFN Stat'i SOZh ANKa Dnya 27.06.2003. Kakaya dolya solncepodobnyh zvezd imeet planety? 23.06.2003. Novyi tip slabyh rentgenovskih istochnikov 21.06.2003. Sledy sverhnovoi v krivoi bleska i spektre opticheskogo oreola gamma-vspleska GRB 021211 18.06.2003. Vrashenie Be zvezdy Ahernar po dannym VLTI-VINCI Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora Stat'i nedeli "Luchshie iz luchshih" astro-ph/0306411 Osnovnye dostizheniya XMM-N'yutona astro-ph/0306412 Nukleosintez v Sverhnovyh porozhdayushih chernye dyry astro-ph/0306524 Kakaya dolya solncepodobnyh zvezd imeet planety? astro-ph/0306541 Massivnye zvezdy i energeticheskii balans mezhzvezdnoi sredy astro-ph/0306436 Arp 299: vtoraya slivayushayasya sistema s dvoinym aktivnym yadrom? Otdel'nye stat'i Novaya populyaciya istochnikov s ekstremal'no bol'shim otnosheniem rentgenovskogo i opticheskogo potokov Poslednie rezul'taty eksperimenta RICE na yuzhnom polyuse Istochniki v linii Laiman-al'fa na krasnyh smesheniya bol'shih 5 Osnovnye dostizheniya XMM-N'yutona Nukleosintez v Sverhnovyh porozhdayushih chernye dyry Raschet sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd s vysokim razresheniem Obzornoe izuchenie M31 v rentgenovskih luchah s pomosh'yu Chandra-HRC Otkrytie skuchennyh kvazarov na z ~ 5: piki v rannem formirovanii struktury Gamma-vspleski i sociologiya nauki Ekstremal'nye blazary Gravitacionnoe izluchenie ot osesimmetrichnogo kollapsa vrashayushihsya yader Statisticheskaya dostovernost' opredeleniya nizshih mul'tipolei reliktovogo fona Mozhno li ob'yasnit' medlennuyu opticheskuyu peremennost' kvazarov mikrolinzirovaniem? Arp 299: vtoraya slivayushayasya sistema s dvoinym aktivnym yadrom? Nablyudatel'nye svidetel'stva v pol'zu dvoinyh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr Magnitnye polya v kosmologii Pul'sary i SKA Pul'sar PSR B0656+14, ... i proishozhdenie "kolena" v spektre kosmicheskih luchei Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie, kak mehanizm issledovaniya struktur Sil'nye magnitnye polya v neitronnyh zvezdah i izluchenie gravitacionnyh voln Rasstoyanie do Pleyad K razresheniyu paradoksa rannego tusklogo Solnca Kosmologiya sverhnovyh i postoyannaya tonkoi struktury Kakaya dolya solncepodobnyh zvezd imeet planety? Novye zvezdy s bol'shimi sobstvennymi dvizheniyami Svoistva reliktovyh neitrino po kosmologicheskim dannym Massivnye zvezdy i energeticheskii balans mezhzvezdnoi sredy Ukazaniya na szhatie oblastei formirovaniya massivnyh zvezd Proekt Vsemirnoi kosmicheskoi observatorii (WSO/UV) Gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie: chernye dyry, planety Spektr kosmicheskogo rentgenovskogo fona po dannym pribora PCA na bortu RXTE Kosmologiya na rubezhe vekov Predel na massu fotona, razrushennyi vihryami 2dF Obzor galakticheskih krasnyh smeshenii: okonchatel'nye dannye Fizika obrazovaniya zvezd Diametr i vnutrennyaya struktura Siriusa A po dannym interferometrii Dvoistvennoe proishozhdenie zemnoi atmosfery Struinodominirovannye sostoyaniya: al'ternativa advekcii Myagkie rentgenovskie istochniki v centrah ellipticheskih galaktik NGC 4472 i NGC 4649 Sobstvennoe dvizhenie, vozrast i nachal'nyi period vrasheniya pul'sara PSR J0538+2817 Iz razdela physics Detektirovanie zerkal'noi materii na Zemle Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov. Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g. Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.): kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee. Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki. Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah. Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g. Obsudit' na forume Scientific.RU Obsudit' na forume Zvezdocheta Avtory proekta Sergei Popov Mihail Prohorov Postav'te u sebya nashu knopku! Proekt razmeshen na saitah: Vy mozhet takzhe razmestit' na svoem saite nashu lentu obzorov Novostnye lenty Novosti astronomii ot PRAO Tekushie otkrytiya v FECh Novosti kosmonavtiki Novosti ot UFN Informnauka Perst Podpiska na rassylku obzorov na Subscribe.Ru Druzhestvennaya rassylka "Okno vo Vselennuyu" - chto vidno na nebe v etom mesyace

Obzory preprintov astro-ph Vypusk N48 astro-ph za 23 - 30 iyunya 2003 goda: izbrannye stat'i Referaty otdel'nyh statei astro-ph/0306407 Novaya populyaciya istochnikov s ekstremal'no bol'shim otnosheniem rentgenovskogo i opticheskogo potokov (A Possible New Population of Sources with Extreme X-Ray / Optical Ratios) Authors: Anton M. Koekemoer et al. Comments: AASTEX-Latex, 12 pages, 3 figures, including 1 jpg figure. Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Letters V rezul'tate obrabotki yuzhnogo glubokogo snimka Chandry bylo naideno sem' istochnikov, kotorye ne imeyut opticheskogo otozhdestvleniya (v luchshem sluchae vidny ochen'-ochen' slabye krasnye ob'ekty). Avtory rassmatrivayut gipotezu o vnegalakticheskoi prirode etoi semerki. Stol' vysokoe otnoshenie rentgenovskogo i opticheskogo potoka netipichno. Poetomu avtory polagayut, chto eto mozhet byt' novyi tip istochnikov: ochen' zapylennye aktivnye galaktiki ili galaktiki na ochen' bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah (togda sdvig v spektre mozhet dat' pohozhie svoistva). Odnako, vse ravno ostayutsya voprosy razveyat' kotorye, po mneniyu avtorov, dolzhny glubokie nablyudeniya v IK diapazone. astro-ph/0306408 Poslednie rezul'taty eksperimenta RICE na Yuzhnom polyuse (Recent Results from the RICE Experiment at the South Pole) Authors: I. Kravchenko, et al. Comments: Compendium of RICE collaboration submissions to ICRC03 Na nash vzglyad RICE-eto ochen' interesnyi eksperiment. Eto nabor radio antenn, vmorozhennyh v antarkticheskii led. Ih zadacha registrirovat' cherenkovskoe izluchenie ot chastic, porozhdennyh neitrino sverhvysokih energii. Ochen' krasivaya ideya! V stat'e kratko opisany rezul'taty, kotorye gruppa imeet na dannyi moment na otnositel'no nebol'shoi rabotayushei ustanovke. Antarkticheskii led - ogromnyi prirodnyi detektor neitrino i kosmicheskih luchei. V etom holodnom krayu uzhe deistvuyut chetyre neitrinnyh detektora: AMANDA (ob etom eksperimente sm. stat'yu astro-ph/0306536), IceCube, ANITA i RICE. Vse oni registriruyut cherenkovskoe izluchenie zaryazhennyh chastic (mezonov), voznikayushih pri soudarenii neitrino s yadrami atomov: l+Nl+N  , gde l=e-, -, -. Otlichie eksperimenta RICE ot drugih v tom, chto v nem fiksiruetsya radioizluchenie, a ne svet. V rabote rassmotreny tri voprosa: provedeno Monte-Karlo modelirovanie porozhdeniya radiosignala elektromagnitnym kaskadom vo l'du; utochnen potok i spektr neitrino sverhvysokih energii; izmeren koefficient prelomleniya l'da v prirodnyi usloviyah. Sleva shema eksperimenta po izmereniyu koefficienta prelomleniya l'da. Peredatchik opuskaetsya v skvazhinu na koaksil'nom kabele. Sprava poluchennyi signal. Glubina razmesheniya peredatchika izmenyalas' s shagom 10 m. obzor astro-ph/0306409 Istochniki v linii Laiman-al'fa na krasnyh smesheniya, bol'shih 5: Rassvet epohi obrazovaniya galaktik (Lyman$\alpha$ Emitters beyond Redshift 5:The Dawn of Galaxy Formation) Authors: Yoshiaki Taniguchi et al. Comments: 23 pages, 12 figures, jkas35.sty. To appear in the proceedings of the APCTP WoFormation and Interaction of Galaxies, edited by Hyung Mok Seichas izvestno uzhe bolee dvadcati galaktik na krasnyh smesheniyah. bol'shih pyaterki, kotorye yavlyayutsya moshnymi istochnikami v linii Laiman-al'fa. Nalichie takogo izlucheniya govorit o tom, chto eto ochen' molodye, fakticheski formiruyushiesya, galaktiki. V svoem obzore avtory obsuzhdayut poslednie otkrytiya v etoi oblasti. Krome etogo, bol'shoe vnimanie udelyaetsya vetram etih galaktik, kotorye okazyvayut sushestvennoe vliyanie na mezhgalakticheskuyu sredu. Sm. takzhe stat'yu "The Properties of Galaxies at z>5", posvyashennuyu obrabotke dannyh po svezhei vyborke iz 44 dalekih ob'ektov. miniobzor astro-ph/0306411 Osnovnye dostizheniya XMM-N'yutona (Highlights from XMM-Newton) Authors: X.Barcons, I. Negueruela Comments: 21 pages, inivited paper to appear in the "Boletin de la SEA", July 2003 issue Rentgenovskii teleskop XMM (kotoromu pozdnee bylo prisvoenii imya "N'yuton") byl zapushen v dekabre 1999 goda. Planiruetsya, chto on prorabotaet po krainei mere do 2006 goda. Vmeste s rabotayushei v myagkom rentgene observatoriei Chandra oni sostavlyayut segodnya osnovnuyu udarnuyu silu rentgenovskoi astronomii. Ustroistvo rentgenovskih zerkal teleskopa XNN-N'yuton Kakimi byli osnovnye oblasti issledovaniya i dostizheniya XMM za tri proshedshih goda aktivnoi raboty? Perechislim ih: normal'nye zvezdy (korony, massivnye zvezdy) akkreciruyushie dvoinye (malomassivnye dvoinye, myagkie rentgenovskie tranzienty, kataklizmicheskie peremennye, sverhmyagkie istochniki) ostatki sverhnovyh neitronnye zvezdy (teplovoe izluchenie, millisekundnye pul'sary, NZ v ostatkah sverhnovyh) sverhsvetyashiesya istochniki normal'nye galaktiki skopleniya galaktik (ih stroenie, sreda vokrug nih, potoki ohlazhdeniya (cooling flow)) aktivnye yadra galaktik (profili linii Fe, shirokih rentgenovskih linii, ionizacionnoe sostoyanie veshestva) rentgenovskii fon rentgenovskie oreoly gamma-vspleskov obzory razlichnyh ob'ektov i istochnikov Ne malo dlya treh let! astro-ph/0306412 Nukleosintez v Sverhnovyh, porozhdayushih chernye dyry, i raspredelenie himicheskih elementov, sintezirovannyh v zvezdah predel'no bednyh metallami (Nucleosynthesis in Black-Hole-Forming Supernovae and Abundance Patterns of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars) Authors: K.Nomoto et al. Comments: 12 pages, 9 figures. To appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 4: Origin and Evolution of the Elements, 2003 Rabota izvestnoi yaponskoi gruppy. Chernye dyry obrazuyutsya iz naibolee massivnyh zvezd (s massoi po krainei mere vyshe 20-25Mo). Po svoim "vneshnim" proyavleniyam takie yavleniya zanimayut, po-vidimomu, dve krainie nishi - sverhnovye s medlennym vrasheniem kollapsiruyut "tiho" i vybrasyvayut maloe kolichestvo metallov (Faint Supernovae), pri bystrom vrashenii chernoi dyry obrazuyutsya Gipernovye, kotorye sinteziruyut mnogo metallov i, vozmozhno, soprovozhdayutsya gamma-vspleskami. Ochen' pohozhimi na nih dolzhny byli byt' sverhnovye v sverhmassivnyh zvezdah pervogo pokoleniya (populyacii III), hotya segodnya nikto ne znaet byli li eti vspyshki Gipernovymi. V dannoi rabote provedeny raschety spektra sinteziruemyh i vybrasyvaemyh himicheskih elementov dlya "slaboi" i "sil'noi" sverhnovyh. Interesnym yavlyaetsya vyvod, chto nablyudaemoe v sverhbednyh metallami zvezdah (tipa HE0107-5240) raspredelenie elementov pohozhe na porozhdaemoe sverhnovoi s chernoi dyroi (i mozhet ob'yasnyat'sya blizkim vzryvom podobnoi sverhnovoi v dalekom proshlom) i sushestvenno otlichaetsya ot togo, chto dayut obychnye sverhnovye. Sravnenie rasschitannogo dlya zvezdy s nachal'noi massoi 25Mo pri vzryve s energiei 3.1050 erg raspredeleniya himicheskih elementov (sploshnaya liniya) s nablyudayushimsya u svehbednoi metallami zvezdy HE0107-5240 (krasnye tochki). Posmotrite takzhe stat'yu astro-ph/0306417 o nukleosinteze pri vzryve massivnoi zvezdy, porozhdayushei gamma-vsplesk toi zhe issledovatel'skoi gruppy. astro-ph/0306418 Raschet sliyaniya neitronnyh zvezd s vysokim razresheniem III: gamma-vspleski (High Resolution Calculations of Merging Neutron Stars III: Gamma-Ray Bursts) Authors: S.Rosswog, E.Ramirez-Ruiz, M.B.Davies Comments: 23 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS Eto ne pervyi raschet sliyaniya dvoinoi neitronnoi zvezdy (i uzh tem bolee ne poslednii). Osnovnaya problema zdes' sostoit v sleduyushem provodit' etot raschet mozhno tol'ko v treh izmereniyah (poskol'ku zadacha ne obladaet osevoi simmetriei), a esli, kak v dannom sluchae, uchityvayutsya magnitnye polya, to trebovaniya k ob'emam komp'yuternoi pamyati stanovyatsya ochen' bol'shimi. Bol'shinstvo predydushih raschetov velos' na malyh setkah (s nizkim razresheniem), imenno poetomu kazhdoe sushestvennoe uvelichenie razresheniya v takih raschetah vyzyvaet bol'shoi interes. Chislennym raschetam sliyaniya dvoinyh neitronnyh zvezd i izluchayushihsya pri etom gravitacionnyh voln posvyashen takzhe preprint astro-ph/0306481 k kotoromu prilagaetsya fil'm. astro-ph/0306421 Obzornoe izuchenie M31 v rentgenovskih luchah s pomosh'yu Chandra-HRC (A Synoptic X-ray Study of M31 with the Chandra-HRC) Authors: Benjamin F. Williams et al. Comments: 59 pages (23 text), 7 tables, 19 figures, submitted to ApJ Chandra-HRC - eto rentgenovskaya kamera vysokogo razresheniya (Chandra High Resolution Camera). Avtory pokazyvayut rezul'taty obrabotki semnadcati grupp izobrazhenii Tumannosti Andromedy, pokryvayushie fakticheski ves' ee disk. Eti dannye pozvolyayut ne prosto uvidet' mnozhestvo rentgenovskih istochnikov v blizhaishei krupnoi galaktike, no i izuchit' ih povedenie so vremenem (mezhdu pervoi gruppoi izobrazhenii i poslednei primerno 2.5 goda). Iz 173 obnaruzhennyh istochnikov okolo chetverti pokazali sushestvennuyu peremennost'. T.k. M31 dostatochno blizka k nam, to dlya 53 istochnikov udalos' poluchit' opticheskie otozhdestvleniya. Analiz pokazyvaet kak nalichie istochnikov s neitronnymi zvezdami, tak i nalichie istochnikov s chernymi dyrami. Prichem v malomassivnyh sistemah ih kolichestva okazyvaetsya sravnimymi. O nablyudeniyah otdel'noi populyacii tesnyh rentgenovskih dvoinyh v M31 - sverhmyagkih istochnikah - sm. stat'yu Supersoft X-ray Sources in M31. Blagodarya Chandre i HMM-N'yuton my mozhem izuchat' populyacii rentgenovskih istochnikov i za predelami Mestnoi gruppy galaktik, pravda, ne v stol' melkih podrobnostyah. Ob istochnikah v izvestnoi galaktike Sombrero sm. rabotu X-ray Point Sources in the Sombrero Galaxy: Supersoft sources, the globular cluster/LMXB connection, and an overview. astro-ph/0306423 Otkrytie skuchennyh kvazarov na z ~ 5: Piki v rannem formirovanii krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (Discovery of a Clustered Quasar Pair at z ~ 5: Biased Peaks in Early Structure Formation) Authors: S. G. Djorgovski et al. Comments: Latex file, 8 pages, 3 eps figures, sty files included. To appear in the ApJ Ryadom s izvestnym kvazarom na z = 5.02 +- 0.02 obnaruzhen vtoroi na z = 4.96 +- 0.03. Eto sootvetstvuet fizicheskomu rasstoyaniyu v neskol'ko Mpk. Veroyatnost' sluchainogo sovpadeniya kraine mala (t.e. esli vy voz'mete tipichnuyu kvazarnuyu prostranstvennuyu plotnost' na etom krasnom smeshenii, to srednee rasstoyanie mezhdu kvazarami budet ne neskol'ko Mpk, a sushestvenno bol'she). Znachit, imeet mesto nekotoroe skuchivanie (skol' ni stranno eto zvuchit v primenenii k pare ob'ektov). Kvazary mogut yavlyat'sya markerami krupnomasshtabnoi struktury (sm. astro-ph/9502056). Avtory polagayut, chto eta para kvazarov mozhet otmechat' protoskoplenie galaktik. Esli eto tak, to eto samaya dalekaya iz izvestnyh struktur etogo tipa. Pary kvazarov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah obsuzhdayutsya i v rabote Yamada i dr. Are two z~6 quasars gravitationally lensed ?. Avtory rassmatrivayut vazhnyi vopros: kak otlichit' real'nye pary ot linzirovannyh izobrazhenii. V chastnosti, oni nahodyat paru kvazarov na krasnom smeshenii poryadka 6, kotorye po vsei vidimosti yavlyayutsya ne linzirovannoi, a real'noi paroi ob'ektov. hep-ph/0306140 Gamma-vspleski i sociologiya nauki (Gamma-ray bursts and the sociology of science) Authors: A. De Rujula Comments: 16 pages, 8 figures. To be published in the Proceedings of the Neutrino Telescopes Workshop, Venice 2003 Avtor rassmatrivaet izuchenie gamma-vspleskov (tochnee ih oreolov, kotoroe intensivno idet poslednie neskol'ko let) v ramkah dvuh modelei: obshepriznannoi modeli "ognennogo shara" (fireball) i prakticheski ne priznavaemoi modeli "pushechnogo yadra" (cannonball). Sam avtor yavlyaetsya chlenom nemnogochislennoi nauchnoi gruppy, kotoraya podderzhivaet poslednyuyu model'. [Eta chast' dostatochno populyarna i interesna sama po sebe.] Avtor obrashaet vnimanie na to, chto nepriznannaya model' "pushechnogo yadra" ne protivorechit nikakim nablyudatel'nym dannym i obradaet ne men'shimi predskazatel'nymi vozmozhnostyami, chem model' "ognennogo shara". Edinstvennoi ee problemoi yavlyaetsya "ne priroda ... a lyudi". Podobnyi podhod k izucheniyu razlichnyh problem tipichen v "post-akademicheskoi" nauke i vstrechayutsya v fizike vysokih energii, astrofizike i dazhe pri izuchenii drevnih yazykov. [Trudno skazat' yavlyaetsya li eta stat'ya "zlobnym vypadom" avtora besprichinno otvergnutoi gipotezy ili spokoinym filosofskim rassuzhdeniem o neprostyh putyah razvitiya nauki.] V lyubom sluchae stat'ya ochen' zhivaya i interesnaya. miniobzor! astro-ph/0306429 Ekstremal'nye blazary (Extreme blazars) Authors: G. Ghisellini Comments: 8 pages, 5 figures. Invited talk at the 2nd Veritas Symposyum: "TeV Astrophysics of extragalactic souces". April 2003, Chicago Blazary - eto ob'ekty tipa BL Lac. Oni yavlyayutsya aktivnymi galakticheskimi yadrami s dzhetami. Prichem my smotrim prakticheski pryamo v dzhet. Eto privodit ko mnogim interesnym fenomenam. V chastnosti, blazary yavlyayutsya istochnikami ochen' zhestkogo izlucheniya - vplot' do TeVov! V dannom korotkom obzore obsuzhdayutsya svoistva blazarov, osobenno ih bystraya peremennost' v zhestkih diapazonah spektra. astro-ph/0306430 Gravitacionnoe izluchenie ot osesimmetrichnogo kollapsa vrashayushihsya yader (Gravitational Radiation from Axisymmetric Rotational Core Collapse) Authors: K.Kotake, S.Yamada, K.Sato Comments: 16 pages, PRD accepted Ideya o tom, chto kollapsiruyushee yadro sverhnovoi dolzhno izluchat' gravitacionnye volny, vpervye byla vyskazana ochen', ochen' davno. Odnako na pervoe mesto sredi ozhidaemyh istochnikov gravitacionnyh voln eti ob'ekty tak i ne vyshli. Dlya sushestvennogo izlucheniya gravitacionnyh voln neobhodimo, chtoby forma kollapsiruyushego yadra otlichalas' ot osesimmetrichnoi, v protivnom sluchae izluchenie mozhet okazat'sya ochen' neznachitel'nym. Dannaya seriya raschetov trudoemka tehnicheski, no ne yavlyaetsya chem-to unikal'nym, podobnye raschety vedut eshe neskol'ko grupp v mire. Osobennosti dannyh raschetov - sam kollaps i uravnenie sostoyaniya yadra uchityvali effekty OTO, a gravitacionnoe izluchenie schitalos' po n'yutonovskoi (kvadrupol'noi) formule. V rezul'tate poluchilos', chto pik izlucheniya blizok k granice chuvstvitel'nosti interferometrov TAMA i pervoi ocheredi LIGO pri udalenii ob'ekta 10 kpk (t.e. dlya sverhnovoi v nashei Galaktike). Profili gravitacionnyh impul'sov ot dvuh razlichnyh modelei sverhnovyh astro-ph/0306431 Statisticheskaya dostovernost' opredeleniya nizshih mul'tipolei reliktovogo fona (The Statistical Significance of the Low CMB Mulitipoles) Authors: G. Efstathiou (University of Cambridge) Comments: 6 pages, Latex, 3 figs, submitted to MNRAS Vpervye anizotropiya reliktovogo izlucheniya byla izmerena primerno 10 let nazad v eksperimentah COBE i Relikt. Oba etih eksperimenta provodili nablyudeniya vsego neba, t.e. pozvolili opredelit' samye nizshie mul'tipoli (dipol', kvadrupol' i t.d.). Mnogochislennye posleduyushie eksperimenty provodili izmereniya na nebol'shih uchastkah neba, i nizshie garmoniki byli dlya nih nedostupny. Sleduyushei missiei, kotoraya smogla pomerit' nizshie mul'tipoli, stal luchshii na segodnyashnii den' eksperiment WMAP (my mnogo o nem pisali v poslednie polgoda). Neozhidannym rezul'tatom WMAP okazalos' ochen' malaya amplituda neskol'kih samyh nizkih mul'tipolei, t.e. Vselennaya, kotoruyu my vidim, v naibolee krupnyh masshtabah (neskol'ko men'she ili sravnimyh razmerom gorizonta ~1028 sm, no ne prevyshayushih ego!) okazalas' gorazdo odnorodnee, chem my mogli ozhidat'. Sleduet zametit', chto naibolee nizkie mul'tipoli, sootvetstvuyushie samym bol'shim uglovym masshtabam na nebe, imeyut naimen'shuyu statisticheskuyu znachimost'. Eto utverzhdenie dostatochno prosto ob'yasnit' - dlya samyh nizkih garmonik na nebe mozhno vydelit' vsego neskol'ko nezavisimyh ploshadok sootvetstvuyushego uglovogo razmera, v etom sluchae fluktuaciya signala v odnoi iz nih mozhet zametno povliyat' na znachenie amplitudy dlya dannogo mul'tipolya v celom. Vopros o tom vyhodyat li rezul'taty WMAP za predely dostovernosti sovremennyh modelei ili net - intensivno obsuzhdaetsya v poslednie mesyacy. Dannaya rabota Efstafio - odna iz nih. Ego zaklyuchenie - dlya ob'yasneniya amplitudy nizshih mul'tipolei privlekat' novuyu fiziku ne trebuetsya. Teoreticheskie spektry amplitudy anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya i dannye WMAP. V stat'e obsuzhdaetsya povedenie treh samyh levyh tochek. Odnako ego opponenty s etim ne soglasny - sm., naprimer, rabotu Kesdena i dr. (astro-ph/0306597) v kotoroi oni prihodyat k protivopolozhnym vyvodam. astro-ph/0306434 Mozhno li ob'yasnit' medlennuyu opticheskuyu peremennost' kvazarov mikrolinzirovaniem? (Can Microlensing Explain the Long-Term Optical Variability of Quasars?) Authors: Erik Zackrisson, Nils Bergvall, Thomas Marquart, Phillip Helbig Comments: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Peremennost' kvazarov mozhno ob'yasnyat' dvumya prichinami: vnutrennimi i vneshnimi. Vnutrennie svyazany s prirodoi samogo kvazara (naprimer, peremennyi temp akkrecii ili neustoichivosti v akkrecionnom diske i t.d.). Vneshnyaya prichina mozhet byt' fakticheski odna - gravitacionnoe linzirovanie. V zavisimosti ot haraktera peremennosti (amplituda, vremya ...) eto mogut byt' raznye tipy linzirovaniya, no osobenno sushestvennym okazyvaetsya mikrolinzirovanie - prolet zvezdy iz okruzhayushei kvazar galaktiki ochen' blizko k luchu zreniya. V sluchae vnutrennih prichin peremennosti izmenenie svetimosti v raznyh spektral'nyh polosah mozhet byt' razlichnym, a obshaya peremennost' budet dostatochno medlenno izmenyat'sya pri malyh izmeneniyah napravleniya ispuskaniya izlucheniya. Dlya linzirovaniya zhe vse budet ne tak. V (makro)linzirovannyh izobrazheniyah kvazarov dolzhny budut nablyudat'sya odni i te zhe krivye bleska s nekotoroi vremennoi zaderzhkoi. Effekt mikrolinzirovaniya ne zavisit ot dliny volny izlucheniya, krome togo on proyavlyaetsya v ochen' uzkom konuse, t.e. budet viden tol'ko v odnom iz izobrazhenii kvazara. Poslednie svoistva bolee pohozhi na te, chto nablyudayutsya u kvazarov. Imenno ob etom i idet rech' v stat'e. Odnako i u etoi modeli est' svoi problemy, naprimer, ona ne mozhet ob'yasnit' bol'shuyu dolyu vspyshek s amlitudoi >0.35m i svoistva peremennosti kvazarov na z<1. astro-ph/0306436 Arp 299: vtoraya slivayushayasya sistema s dvoinym aktivnym yadrom? (Arp 299: a second merging system with two active nuclei?) Authors: L. Ballo et al. Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures, Latex manuscript; submitted to ApJL My uzhe pisali o dvoinom aktivnom yadre v NGC 6240. Takie monstry obrazuyutsya v rezul'tate sliyaniya galaktik, vnutri kazhdoi iz kotoryh sidit sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra. I vot, vozmozhno, otkryt vtoroi. Arp 299 - eto slivayushayasya sistema s moshnym IK izlucheniem, sostoyashaya iz dvuh galaktik: IC 694 i NGC 3690. Dannye sputnika BeppoSAX pokazali nalichie aktivnogo yadra. Novye nablyudeniya na Chandre i HMM-N'yutone pozvolili razdelit' izluchenie dvuh galaktik (BeppoSAX ne hvatalo uglovogo razresheniya dlya etogo). Nalichie sil'nyh linii zheleza v spektre kazhdoi iz dvuh galaktik pozvolyaet sdelat' vyvod o dvuh aktivnyh yadrah v sisteme Arp 299. Esli dvoinye chernye dyry vas zainteresovali, to obyazatel'no prochtite sleduyushuyu stat'yu (astro-ph/0306439)! miniobzor! astro-ph/0306439 Nablyudatel'nye svidetel'stva v pol'zu dvoinyh sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr (Observational evidence for supermassive black hole binaries) Authors: Stefanie Komossa Comments: 14 pages, to appear in "The Astrophysics of Gravitational Wave Sources" (Maryland, April 2003), AIP in press, J. Centrella (ed); preprint with figures in full resolution and related papers are available at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~skomossa/ Fakticheski my uzhe nablyudaem dvoinye sverhmassivnye chernye dyry (sm. astro-ph/0306436). V nedalekom budushem mozhno budet nablyudat' gravitacionnye volny ot takih par. V dannom obzore avtor summiruet vse nablyudatel'nye svidetel'stva v pol'zu par chernyh dyr v yadrah galaktik. miniobzor! astro-ph/0306443 Magnitnye polya v kosmologii (Magnetic fields in cosmology) Authors: A.D. Dolgov Comments: 14 pages; talk presented at 17th Rencontre de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste on Results and Perspectives in Particle Physics, March 9-15, 2003 Nebol'shoi obzor po magnitnym polyam na bol'shih masshtabah. Osnovnaya problema v etoi oblasti: otkuda vzyalis' pervichnye magnitnye polya? My znaem, kak mozhno usilit' pole (pridumany raznye dinamo-mehanizmy). No nado, chtoby bylo chto usilivat'. Sobstvenno, stat'ya posvyashena razlichnym mehanizmam generacii pervichnogo polya. Dlya nefizikov chitat' budet neprosto, zato dlya fizikov budet interesno. astro-ph/0306456 Pul'sary i SKA (Pulsars with the SKA) Authors: Michael Kramer Comments: Conference contribution to UK workshop on the SKA, 7 pages, 2 figures, eds. M. Kramer & S. Rawlings SKA, kak mnogo v etom zvuke ..... Eto budet kilometrovaya antennaya reshetka. Gigantskii radioteleskop, kotoryi, kotoryi,..... Oh, mnogo chto budet sdelano s takim instrumentom. V chastnosti, SKA budet videt' vse radiopul'sary v Galaktike (konechno, esli ih luchi popadayut na Zemlyu). V dannom nebol'shom obzore avtor obsuzhdaet, chto konkretno SKA smozhet dat' pul'sarnoi astronomii. astro-ph/0306462 Pul'sar PSR B0656+14, ... i proishozhdenie "kolena" v spektre kosmicheskih luchei (Pulsar PSR B0656+14, the Monogem Ring, and the Origin of the `Knee' in the Primary Cosmic Ray Spectrum) Authors: S. E. Thorsett et al. Comments: 4 pages, to appear in the Astrophys. J. Lett. Full size color figure can be found at http://www.thorsett.org/research Est' takaya zagadka - "koleno" v spektre kosmicheskih luchei (sm. risunok nizhe, voobshe zhe na konferenciyah spektr kosmicheskih luchei lyubyat nakladyvat' na kartinku tipa etoi). My pisali i gipoteze "edinstvennogo istochnika", kogda izlom v spektre ob'yasnyaetsya ne kakoi-to vselenskoi osobennost'yu, a prosto svyazyvaetsya s blizkih (desyatki-sotni parsek) nedavnim (10 000 let) vzryvom sverhnovoi. Ostatok etoi sverhnovoi i budet davat' ves' effekt. V dannoi stat'e avtory predlagayut kandidata: eto Monogem Ring - blizkii ostatok sverhnovoi. Po vsei vidimosti, posle vzryva ostalas' neitronnaya zvezda, kotoruyu my vidim kak pul'sar PSR B0656+14. obzor astro-ph/0306465 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie, kak mehanizm issledovaniya struktur (Gravitational lensing as a probe of structure) Authors: Peter Schneider Comments: 43 pages, 7 figures Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie - moshnyi i populyarnyi v poslednee vremya instrument issledovaniya raspredeleniya mass v prostranstve. Avtor rassmatrivaet vsyu cepochku masshtabov, na kotoroi nablyudaetsya dannoe yavlenie: galaktiki (mikrolinzirovanie) - skopleniya galaktik - krupnomasshtabnaya struktura. V obzore dano neobhodimoe teoreticheskoe vvedenie i podrobno rassmotreny vse populyarnye segodnya voprosy. miniobzor astro-ph/0306466 Sil'nye magnitnye polya v neitronnyh zvezdah i izluchenie gravitacionnyh voln (Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields in Neutron Star and Gravitational Wave Emission) Authors: G.F.Marranghello Comments: 15 pages, ICIMAF Workshop Nazvanie ne vpolne sootvetstvuet soderzhaniyu dannogo obzora. Magnitnym polyam v nem udelena dostatochno nebol'shaya chast', poskol'ku krome etogo avtor rassmatrivaet voprosy sushestvovaniya massivnyh neitronnyh zvezd (s massami ~2.0-2.2Mo), sushestvovanie strannyh zvezd, fazovye perehody pri kotoryh neitronnaya zvezda chastichno prevrashaetsya v strannuyu (gibridnuyu) i izluchenie gravitacionnyh voln pri takih perehodah. astro-ph/0306475 Rasstoyanie do Pleyad (The Distance to Pleiades) Authors: Bohdan Paczynski Comments: 3 pages, latex, 1 figure, submitted to Acta Astronomica Dlya vsei zvezdnoi astronomii vazhno kak mozhno tochnee znat' rasstoyanie do Pleyad. Razumeetsya, ispol'zuyutsya raznye metody ego opredeleniya. Poluchayutsya slegka raznye rezul'taty. Dazhe posle Gipparkosa (on dal rasstoyanie 116 +/- 3 pk) ostalis' somneniya. Delo v tom, chto rezul'taty etogo astrometricheskogo sputnika zametno razoshlis' s tem, chto bylo izvestno ranee. (V zvezdnoi astronomii chasto ispol'zuyut ne lineinoe rasstoyanie v parseka ili santimetrah, a t.n. modul' rasstoyaniya, kotoryi izmeryayut v zvezdnyh velichinah, tak vot raznica sostavlyaet 0.3 velichiny, chto ne malo.) Stalo byt' ili u Gipparkosa problemy, ili my ploho izmeryaem rasstoyaniya po zvezdam glavnoi posledovatel'nosti, ili .... Pachinskii predlagaet sdelat' sleduyushee. Samaya yarkaya zvezda Pleyad - Atlas - yavlyaetsya shirokoi dvoinoi. Orbital'nyi period sostavlyaet 290 dnei. Esli akkuratno promerit' orbital'nye parametry, to mozhno prostym geometricheskim metodom poluchit' iskomoe rasstoyanie. Pervaya popytka primenit' etot metod dala rasstoyanie vyshe, chem sleduet iz dannyh Gipparkosa. No Pachinskii otmechaet, chto dlya tochnogo opredeleniya rasstoyaniya neobhodimo horosho znat' radial'nye skorosti komponent. Vot kogda oni budut polucheny, togda my smozhem opredelit' tochnoe rasstoyanie do Pleyad! astro-ph/0306477 K razresheniyu paradoksa rannego tusklogo Solnca: men'shii potok kosmicheskih luchei iz-za bolee sil'nogo solnechnogo vetra (Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind) Authors: Nir J. Shaviv Comments: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to JGR Standartnye solnechnye modeli ukazyvayut na to, chto v techenie poslednih 4.5 milliardov let svetimost' Solnca vozrastala. Obshii prirost - 30 procentov. Esli i v samom dele 4.5 milliarda let nazad Solnce bylo takim tusklym, to bOl'shaya chast' Zemli byla pokryta l'dom. Tem ne menee, geologicheskie dannye ukazyvayut na sushestvovanie togda zhidkoi vody. Imeem paradoks! Nir Shaviv (o rabotah kotorogo po kosmicheskim lucham i klimatu my uzhe pisali v odnom iz pervyh vypuskov) predlagaet takoe reshenie. Molodoe Solnce imelo bolee sil'nyi veter. Etot potok chastic bolee effektivno ostanavlival kosmicheskie luchi. T.o. potok kosmicheskih luchei, popadayushii na Zemlyu, byl slabee. Kak izvestno, kosmicheskie luchi igrayut dovol'no vazhnuyu klimatoobrazuyushuyu rol'. Sobiraya vmeste vse eti idei i dobavlyaya variacii galakticheskogo potoka kosmicheskih luchei (sm. ego bolee rannyuyu stat'yu), Nir ob'yasnyaet, kak pri tusklom Solnce na Zemle mogla sushestvovat' zhidkaya voda. astro-ph/0306486 Kosmologiya sverhnovyh i postoyannaya tonkoi struktury (Supernova Cosmology and Fine Structure Constant) Authors: Takeshi Chiba, Kazunori Kohri Comments: 6 stanic, bez risunkov. Stat'i na temu ob izmenenii fundamental'nyh konstant so vremenem regulyarno poyavlyayutsya sredi preprintov astro-ph, gr-qc i v nekotoryh drugih razdelah arXiv.org. Chashe drugih v poslednie neskol'ko let obsuzhdaetsya vopros o peremennosti (ili postoyanstve) postoyannoi tonkoi struktury . Etot interes vyzvan poyavleniem novogo metoda obnaruzheniya takoi peremennosti - cherez izmerenie otnosheniya dlin voln dubletov nekotoryh spektral'nyh linii. Etot metod byl predlozhen i vpervye primenen gruppoi astrofizikov iz Sankt-Peterburgskogo Fiziko-Tehnicheskogo Instituta, a zatem poluchil shirokoe rasprostranenie. Odnako izmerenie spektrov dalekih kvazarov ne edinstvennyi sposob sledit' za izmeneniem so vremenem. Okazyvaetsya svetimost' sverhnovyh tipa Ia v maksimume umen'shaetsya pri uvelichenii . Planiruemyi seichas kosmicheskii eksperiment SNAP, kotoryi dolzhen obnaruzhit' i izmerit' svetimost' bol'shogo chisla kosmologicheskih sverhnovyh, smozhet opredelit' izmenenie postoyannoi tonkoi struktury s tochnost'yu poryadka 10-2. (Pravda po kvazaram postoyanstvo etoi velichiny provereno s tochnost'yu luchshe 10-4:). Smotrite takzhe preprint astro-ph/0306483, kotoryi posvyashen izmereniyu peremennosti postoyannoi tonkoi struktury spektral'nym sposobom na desyatimetrovom teleskope Kek. astro-ph/0306524 Kakaya dolya solncepodobnyh zvezd imeet planety? (What Fraction of Sun-like Stars have Planets?) Authors: Charles H. Lineweaver, Daniel Grether Comments: 21 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables Seichas izvestno uzhe bolee 100 planet. Bol'shinstvo iz nih otkryto metodom izmereniya variacii luchevyh skorostei zvezd, t.e. po Dopleru. Dannyi metod imeet svoi t.n. selekcionnye effekty. 1. Est' predel na izmerenie skorosti (seichas poryadka 40 m/s). Eto stavit predel na massu planety. 2. Esli orbita dostatochno shirokaya, to orbital'nyi period budet bol'shim, a znachit, nado dolgo nablyudat'. T.e. esli vy provodite izmereniya dannoi zvezdy v techenie goda, to obnaruzhit' planetu s periodom bolee etogo vremeni vy ne mozhete. Eti ogranicheniya oznachayut sleduyushee. Esli vy zadaetes' voprosom "kakaya dolya zvezd imeet planety", to vy ne mozhete prosto vzyat' chislo izvestnyh zvezd s planetami i razdelit' na polnoe chislo zvezd, vklyuchennyh v programmy nablyudenii (na dannyi moment v vos'mi proektah provedeny izmereniya dlya 1743 zvezd). Nuzhno uchityvat' selekcionnye effekty, ili zhe vydelyat' oblasti v prostranstve parametrov, gde eti effekty nevazhny. Takie raboty uzhe provodilis', stat'ya predstavlyaet soboi novuyu popytku. Rezul'taty proshe vsego predstavit' na risunke. Po gorizontal'noi osi otlozhen orbital'nyi period v dnyah (na verhnei gorizontal'noi osi eto produblirovano pokazom bol'shoi poluosi v astronomicheskih edinicah s ukazaniem polozheniya planet Solnechnoi sistemy). Po vertikal'noi osi otlozheno proizvedenie massy planety v massah Yupitera na sinus ugla naklona orbity k luchu zreniya (ugol naklona yavlyaetsya vazhnym parametrov, t.k., naprimer, yasno, chto esli my smotrim na sistemu s rebra, to effekt "boltaniya zvezdy" budet sil'nee vsego, a esli my smotrim "sverhu" , t.e. vidim sistemu plashmya, to effekta prosto ne budet). Belaya oblast' na risunke sootvetstvuet oblasti parametrov, gde effekty selekcii maly. Sootvetstvenno, tam obnaruzheno pochti 100 procentov iz vozmozhnyh planet. V temnoi oblasti effekty selekcii ochen' sil'ny. Srednyaya seraya oblast' sootvetstvuet promezhutochnoi situacii. Pryamougol'nikami pokazany oblasti parametrov, dlya kotoryh v rabotah raznyh avtorov byli polucheny ogranicheniya na dolyu solncepodobnyh zvezd s planetami. Vnizu risunka dany ssylki na eti raboty i privedena dolya v procentah. Rezul'taty dannoi raboty pokazany zhirnymi sploshnoi i punktirnoi liniyami. Eti dannye v srednem okazyvayutsya bolee optimistichnymi, chem rezul'taty drugih rabot. Po mneniyu avtorov eto svyazano s tem, chto oni bolee akkuratno uchityvayut effekty selekcii, chto uvelichivaet chislo zvezd, u kotoryh planety eshe ne zaregistrirovany. V chastnosti, rezul'tat ne protivorechit gipoteze o tom, chto 100 procentov zvezd imeyut planety! Ob otkrytii novoi planety s pomosh'yu izmereniya radial'nyh skorostei sm. stat'yu The ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets II. A Jovian planet on a long-period orbit around GJ 777 A. astro-ph/0306534 Novye zvezdy s bol'shimi sobstvennymi dvizheniyami iz cifrovogo obzora neba. II. Severnye zvezdy s 0.5<mu<2.0"/god na vysokih galakticheskih shirotah (New High Proper Motion Stars from the Digitized Sky Survey. II. Northern Stars with 0.5<mu<2.0 arcsec/yr at High Galactic Latitudes) Authors: Sebastien Lepine, Michael M. Shara, and R. Michael Rich Comments: 27 pages. To appear in The Astronomical Journal Dannaya stat'ya prodolzhaet obrabotku cifrovogo obzora neba - v nei privodyatsya rezul'taty dlya chasti severnogo polushariya s galakticheskoi shirotoi b>25o. Avtomaticheskii blink-komparator obnaruzhil v etoi oblasti 1146 zvezd s velichinami 8m<r<20m s sobstvennymi dvizheniyami 0.5<<2.0 "/god ! Dannye o sobstvennyh dvizheniyah 1089 iz nih uzhe prisutstvovali v katalogah, a bystroe dvizhenie 57 ostavshihsya vyyavleno vpervye. V stat'e vy naidete bolee polnye dannye ob etih ob'ektah. Nekotorye iz novyh bystro dvizhushihsya zvezd. miniobzor hep-ph/0306233 Svoistva reliktovyh neitrino po kosmologicheskim dannym (Relic neutrinos: neutrino properties from cosmology) Authors: Sergio Pastor Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures. Kak zaregistrirovat' i opredelit' svoistva kosmologicheskih neitrino eksperimental'no segodnya ne znaet nikto. Ih energiya slishkom mala dlya togo, chtoby oni vstupili v kakuyu-libo reakciyu. Po etoi zhe prichine nevozmozhno obnaruzhit' ih mehanicheskoe vozdeistvie. Odnako mozhno popytat'sya opredelit' ih svoistva kosvennym putem. Naprimer, kak v dannom kratkom obzore, po kosmologicheskim nablyudeniyam sputnika WMAP. obzor astro-ph/0306541 Massivnye zvezdy i energeticheskii balans mezhzvezdnoi sredy. I. Vozdeistvie odinochnoi zvezdy massoi 60 mass Solnca (Massive stars and the energy balance of the ISM. I. The impact of an isolated 60 Msun star) Authors: Tim Freyer, Gerhard Hensler, and Harold W. Yorke Comments: 60 pages, 23 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Konechno, eta publikaciya - obzor. No, kak i pri nablyudenii nebesnyh ob'ektov, obzory byvayut dvuh tipov: "obzor vsego neba", kogda rassmatrivayutsya vse ob'ekty nahodyashiesya ot nas "na odnom rasstoyanii", i bolee redkie "glubokie prokoly", kogda smotryat tol'ko v odnom napravlenii, zato rassmatrivayut vse, ot samyh blizkih tel do predela vozmozhnostei. Dannaya publikaciya yavno otnositsya k "redkomu" vtoromu tipu. Ee osnovu sostavlyayut dvumernye gidrodinamicheskie raschety vozdeistviya vetra massivnoi zvezdy na okruzhayushuyu ee mezhzvezdnuyu sredu. No etot material raspolozhen v konce, a v nachale vy naidete opisanie togo chto takoe zony Stremgrena i ionizacionnye fronty, teoriyu vyduvaniya i dannye nablyudeniya puzyrei zvezdnogo vetra. (Etu chast' - pervye dva razdela - mozhno rekomendovat' prochitat' vsem.) Sami raschety tozhe interesny, oni uchityvayut perenos izlucheniya, vazhnyi dlya vetrov massivnyh zvezd, i sobstvennuyu evolyuciyu zvezdy s nachal'noi massoi 60Mo. Dvumernyi harakter raschetov pozvolyaet vosproizvesti neustoichivosti na granice veter - mezhzvezdnaya sreda. Tipichnaya struktura puzyrya zvezdnogo vetra vokrug odinochnoi massivnoi zvezdy astro-ph/0306543 Ukazaniya na szhatie oblastei formirovaniya massivnyh zvezd (Indications of Inflow Motions in Regions Forming Massive Stars) Authors: Jingwen Wu, Neal J. Evans II Comments: 6 pages, 2 figures. In press for Aug.1 ApJ Letters Zvezdoobrazovanie svyazano so szhatiem oblastei mezhzvezdnogo gaza. Sootvetstvenno, v oblastyah zvezdoobrazovaniya dolzhny nablyudat'sya potoki gaza vnutr' (inflow motions). Eto ochen' medlennye dvizheniya, proishodyashie na fone slozhnoi struktury. Obnaruzhit' ih mozhno, izuchaya profili spektral'nyh linii v submillimetrovom diapazone. Dlya oblastei, gde v osnovnom obrazuyutsya malomassivnye zvezdy, takie dvizheniya gaza uzhe byli zaregistrirovany. S massivnymi zvezdami vse gorazdo slozhnee, t.k. process ih obrazovaniya protekaet ochen' burno. Poetomu sreda okazyvaetsya sil'no vozmushennoi. V etoi rabote vpervye polucheny rezul'taty, ukazyvayushie na nalichie "vtokovyh dvizhenii". Eto vazhno dlya ponimaniya togo pravil'no li my opisyvaem sam process formirovaniya zvezd. astro-ph/0306554 Proekt Vsemirnoi kosmicheskoi observatorii (WSO/UV) (The World Space Observatory Project (WSO/UV)) Authors: I. Pagano, the Italian WSO/UV Working group, and the WSO/UV Implementation Committee Comments: 1 page, Poster presented at the XLVII SAIt Meeting Poster, posvyashennyi proektu kosmicheskogo ul'trafioletovogo teleskopa. V shematichnom vide opisyvaetsya koncepciya instrumenta, ozhidaemye rezul'taty i t.p. miniobzor astro-ph/0306564 Gravitacionnoe mikrolinzirovanie: chernye dyry, planety. OGLE, VLTI, HST i kosmicheskie eksperimenty (Gravitational Microlensing: Black Holes, Planets; OGLE, VLTI, HST and Space Probes) Authors: Bohdan Paczynski Comments: 10 pages, latex 2 figures Po suti dela eto nebol'shoi kriticheskii obzor po rezul'tatam i perspektivam mikrolinzirovaniya, napisannyi navernoe samym kompetentnym v etoi oblasti chelovekom. V osnovnom Pachinskii pishet o svoem detishe - proekte OGLE, no zatragivayutsya i drugie eksperimenty. Po mneniyu Pachinskogo v blizhaishie god-dva my budem imet' dostovernye sobytiya mikroliznirovaniya, gde v kachestve linz vystupayut chernye dyry i planety. Avtor opisyvaet imeyushiesya kandidaty, metodiku i eksperimenty, s pomosh'yu kotoryh kandidaty byli vyyavleny, a takzhe puti povysheniya dostovernosti takoi informacii. P.S. Simptomatichno, chto Pachinskii uzhe ne pervyi raz pishet v astro-ph, special'no ukazyvaya, chto stat'ya ne napravlena ni v kakoi zhurnal. T.e. Arhiv sam po sebe stanovitsya nositelem unikal'nyh statei ne tol'ko potomu, chto ih nikuda ne vzyali, no i potomu chto avtor, buduchi uchenym ekstra-klassa, schitaet takuyu publikaciyu vpolne dostatochnoi. astro-ph/0306569 Spektr kosmicheskogo rentgenovskogo fona po dannym pribora PCA na bortu RXTE (Spectrum of Cosmic X-ray Background observed by RXTE/PCA) Authors: M.Revnivtsev et al. Comments: 6 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics My mnogo raz pisali o fone reliktovogo izlucheniya (ili, inache, o mikrovolnovom fonovom izluchenii). No fon est' i vo vseh drugih diapazonah. Vot tak on vyglyadit v rentgene (po dannym pribora PCA kosmicheskoi observatorii RXTE). Zametno nekotoroe usilenie fona v ploskosti Galaktiki i sushestvennoe ego povyshenie v centre Mlechnogo Puti - sledovatel'no, zametnaya ego chast' imeet galakticheskoe proishozhdenie. A spektr fona v diapazone 1-20 keV, postroennyi po dannym s raznyh sputnikov, vyglyadit tak. I eto prakticheski vse soderzhanie stat'i. obzor hep-ph/0306200 Kosmologiya na rubezhe vekov (Cosmology at the Turn of Centuries) Authors: A.D. Dolgov Comments: 20 pages, Invited talk presented at the International Conference I.Ya. Pomeranchuk and Physics at the Turn of Centuries, January 24-28, 2003, Moscow, Russia Obzor sovremennoi kosmologii dlya fizikov. Kratko zatronuty vse osnovnye problemy: kak reshennye, tak i nereshennye. Temnaya materiya, sintez elementov, dinamika rasshireniya i t.d. Nesmotrya na to, chto obzor napisan dlya fizikov, nikakih slozhnyh formul tam net. Poetomu stat'yu mozhno rekomendovat' vsem, kto sledit za razvitiem nauki o Vselennoi. hep-ph/0306245 Predel na massu fotona, razrushennyi vihryami (Photon Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices) Authors: Eric Adelberger, Gia Dvali, Andrei Gruzinov Comments: 8 pages "Vihri vrazhdebnye veyut nad nami ..." V standartnoi teorii foton yavlyaetsya bezmassovoi chasticei. Odnako vazhno poluchat' vse bolee sil'nye eksperimental'nye podtverzhdeniya etoi standartnoi gipotezy. V podobnyh voprosah sushestvuet dva podhoda: bolee konservativnyi i menee konservativnyi. Pervyi svyazan s laboratornymi eksperimentami. Vtoroi - s astronomicheskimi izmereniyami. Kak pravilo, astrofizika daet bolee sil'nye predely (massa fotona, zaryad fotona, chislo neitrino i ih massy i t.d.). Est', odnako, problema. Vse ravno, interpretiruya eksperiment, my ispol'zuem kakie-to predpolozheniya (i eto vse horosho ponimayut). Izmenenie etih predpolozhenii (kak pravilo na bolee ekzoticheskie) privodit k drugim predelam na izmeryaemye velichiny. Zdes' avtory obsuzhdayut izmenenie i laboratornyh, i astronomicheskih predelov na massu fotona v sluchae, kogda massa svyazana s effektom Higgsa. astro-ph/0306581 2dF Obzor galakticheskih krasnyh smeshenii: okonchatel'nye dannye (The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Final Data Release) Authors: Matthew Colless et al. Comments: accompanies the 2dFGRS Final Data Release, available from 30 June 2003 at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/2dFGRS/ Obshim mestom stalo rassuzhdenie o tom, chto v poslednie 10-20 let v kosmologii imeet mesto nablyudatel'nyi bum: mnogochislennye (nazemnye, ballonye i kosmicheskie) eksperimenty po nablyudeniyu reliktovogo izlucheniya, nablyudeniya ob'ektov na bol'shih krasnyh smesheniyah, izuchenie krupnomasshtabnoi struktury ... Odnim iz vazhnyh proektov samogo poslednego vremeni yavlyaetsya 2dF (chto oznachaet "dvuhgradusnoe pole") obzor krasnyh smeshenii. V hode raboty proekta polucheny krasnye smesheniya dlya 221414 istochnikov (v osnovnom eto, razumeetsya, galaktiki). V stat'e predstavleny okonchatel'nye rezul'taty proekta (sm. takzhe Astronomicheskie kartinki dnya ot 14 iyunya 2000, i 4 sentyabrya 2001). obzor astro-ph/0306595 Fizika obrazovaniya zvezd (The Physics of Star Formation) Authors: Richard B. Larson Comments: Review article submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics; 50 pages, no figures Bol'shoi horoshii obzor po zvezdoobrazovaniyu. Vse, chto svyazano s formirovaniem zvezd, yavlyaetsya seichas "goryachei tematikoi" i s nablyudatel'noi, i s teoreticheskoi storony. Larson - priznannyi specialist po etim voprosam. Poetomu kommentirovat' osobenno nechego. Otmetim tol'ko neskol'ko neobychnyi stil' obzora (kotoryi yavno komu-to ponravit'sya, a komu-to net): na 40 stranic teksta (10 iz 50 zanimaet spisok literatury) net ni odnogo risunka i prakticheski net formul (a esli i est', chto samye prostye, tipa Dzhinsovskoi massy). Vse rasskazyvaetsya slovami. Esli takoi stil' vam podhodit, to milosti prosim. astro-ph/0306604 Diametr i vnutrennyaya struktura Siriusa A po dannym interferometrii (The interferometric diameter and internal structure of Sirius A) Authors: P. Kervella et al. Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by A&A Na proshloi nedele my pisali ob interferencionnyh nablyudeniyah splyusnutoi Ve-zvezdy (sm. takzhe sootvetstvuyushuyu ANKu). V etoi zhe stat'e avtory rasskazyvayut o drugih nablyudeniyah na teh zhe instrumentah (VINCI/VLTI). Rech' idet o vsem horosho izvestnoi Pes'ei zvezde - Siriuse. Avtory poluchayut sleduyushii rezul'tat: diametr Siriusa A sostavlyaet 1.711 +/- 0.013 diametra Solnca. Na osnovanii etogo oni takzhe pytayutsya poluchit' model' vnutrennego stroeniya etoi zvezdy. astro-ph/0306605 Dvoistvennoe proishozhdenie zemnoi atmosfery (The Dual Origin of the Terrestrial Atmosphere) Authors: Nicolas Dauphas Comments: Icarus, in press, 31 pages, 6 tables, and 6 figures Proishozhdenie atmosfery Zemli neizvestno. Dlya proverki gipotez obychno ispol'zuyut inertnye gazy, t.k. oni, estestvenno, himicheski inertny i pokryvayut bol'shoi diapazon atomnyh mass. I zdes' nachinayutsya problemy. Odna iz nih - atmosfernyi ksenon. Ego ne hvataet po sravneniyu s kriptonom (t.n. "missing xenon paradox"). Avtor predlagaet "dvoistvennuyu model'". Ee sostavlyayushie: frakcionirovannye gazy tumannosti i komety, padavshie na Zemlyu. Ideya sostoit v tom, chto lyubaya frakcionirovannaya model' daet vysokoe otnoshenie soderzhaniya ksenona k kriptonu. Eto nado kompensirovat' (t.k. nablyudaetsya drugoe otnoshenie). Kometnoe veshestvo harakterizuetsya nizkim otnosheniem Xe/Kr. "Smeshannaya" atmosfera po svoemu sostavu kak raz sootvetstvuet nablyudeniyam. astro-ph/0306614 Struinodominirovannye sostoyaniya: al'ternativa advekcii cherez gorizont chernoi dyry v "spokoinyh" rentgenovskih dvoinyh (Jet-dominated states: an alternative to advection across black hole event horizons in `Quiescent' X-ray binaries) Authors: R.P. Fender, E. Gallo, P.G. Jonker Comments: 6 pages, Accepted for publication as a letter in MNRAS Seichas izvestno dostatochno mnogo kandidatov v chernye dyry v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah (sm. obzor Cherepashuka v UFN). Nekotorye iz etih sistem mogut nahodit'sya v t.n. "spokoinyh" sostoyaniyah, kogda ih svetimost' stanovitsya chrezvychaino nizkoi. Prichiny etogo neyasny. Odnoi iz naibolee populyarnyh gipotez yavlyaetsya advekcionnaya: v etom sluchae goryachee veshestvo utekaet pod gorizont, i ne proishodit vydeleniya energii v vide elektromagnitnogo izlucheniya. V dannoi stat'e avtory predlagayut al'ternativu: "vse uhodit v svistok". Energiya uhodit v kineticheskuyu energiyu strui, b'yushih perpendikulyarno akkrecionnomu disku. astro-ph/0306618 Myagkie rentgenovskie istochniki v centrah ellipticheskih galaktik NGC 4472 i NGC 4649 (Soft X-Ray Sources at the Centers of the Elliptical Galaxies NGC 4472 and NGC 4649) Authors: D. Soldatenkov, A. Vikhlinin, M. Pavlinsky Comments: 5 pages, Shortened version of the paper published in Astronomy Letters Journal-ref: Astron.Lett. 5 (2003) 298 Opticheskie nablyudeniya pokazyvayut, chto v centrah galaktik NGC 4472 i NGC 4649 nahodyatsya sverhmassivnye chernye dyry s massami poryadka 109.5 solnechnyh mass. Plotnost' mezhzvezdnoi sredy vokrug etih monstrov dovol'no vysoka, odnako .... Odnako nedavnie nablyudeniya Chandry pokazali, chto tam net moshnyh rentgenovskih istochnikov. Rossiiskie uchenye smogli vydelit' lish' slabye myagkie istochniki so svetimostyami okolo 1038 erg/s (15000-50000 svetimostei Solnca). Dlya sverhmassivnyh chernyh dyr eto sovsem nemnogo, stol'ko dayut chernye dyry zvezdnyh mass v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah. astro-ph/0306628 Sobstvennoe dvizhenie, vozrast i nachal'nyi period vrasheniya pul'sara PSR J0538+2817 v S147 (Proper motion, age and initial spin period of PSR J0538+2817 in S147) Authors: M. Kramer et al. Comments: accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 13 pages, 3 figures PSR J0538+2817 - eto obychnyi radiopul'sar s periodom 0.143 sekundy. Novye nablyudeniya pozvolili odnoznachno ustanovit' ego svyaz' s ostatkom sverhnovoi S147, a takzhe izmerit' ego sobstvennoe dvizhenie, chto pozvolyaet opredelit' ego skorost' v kartinnoi ploskosti (kakova skorost' v napravlenii lucha zreniya my ne znaem). Vse eto dovol'no obydenno.... No! Vozrast ostatka izvesten dovol'no horosho - eto 30+/-4 tysyachi let. Vozrasta pul'sarov obychno ocenivayut tak: period delyat na temp zamedleniya vrasheniya. Dlya PSR J0538+2817 eto daet 600 tysyach let. Pri takoi ocenke molchalivo predpolagaetsya, chto nachal'nyi period vrasheniya byl ochen' malen'kim. Yasno, chto v dannom sluchae eto ne tak. Pul'sar rodilsya s periodom, blizkim k nablyudaemomu: - 0.139 sekundy. Vot eto - vazhnaya informaciya. My znaem nachal'nye periody dlya sovsem nebol'shogo kolichestva pul'sarov. I zdes' kazhdoe novoe otkrytie imeet bol'shoe znachenie. My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing). cond-mat/0306561 Detektirovanie zerkal'noi materii na Zemle cherez ee teplovoe vzaimodeistvie s obychnym veshestvom (Detecting mirror matter on Earth via its thermal imprint on ordinary matter) Authors: R. Foot, S. Mitra Comments: 9 pages Nekotoroe vremya nazad my rasskazyvali ob odnoi iz idei etih avtorov kasatel'no obnaruzheniya zerkal'nogo veshestva na Zemle (sm. takzhe ih novuyu stat'yu "Have mirror micrometeorites been detected?"). V dannoi stat'e oni prodolzhayut svoi izyskaniya.... Ideya primerno takova. V nekotorom razumnom diapazone parametrov zerkal'noe veshestvo vzaimodeistvuet s obychnym ne tol'ko gravitacionno. Eto oznachaet, chto zerkal'noe veshestvo mozhet byt' peremeshano s obychnym. Dalee, mozhno pokazat', chto pri etih parametrah zerkal'noe i obychnoe veshestvo nahodyatsya v teplovom ravnovesii. No (!), ohlazhdayas', zerkal'noe veshestvo izluchaet zerkal'nye fotony. Oni svobodno pokidayut veshestvo. Znachit, vkrapleniya zerkal'noi materii budut ohlazhdat' (konechno, ochen' slabo) obychnoe veshestvo. I eto mozhet byt' putem k registracii zerkal'noi materii. Konechno, eto dovol'no ekzotichnaya ekzotika. No ideya vyglyadit krasivo: obnaruzhit' zerkal'nyi mir s pomosh'yu gradusnika! Vernut'sya k nachalu stranicy

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