Rambler's Top100Astronet    
  po tekstam   po klyuchevym slovam   v glossarii   po saitam   perevod   po katalogu
 

Pyatidesyatyi vypusk obzorov!!!

Prochti pervym to, chto seichas znayut tol'ko profi!


Podpiska na rassylku obzorov astro-ph na Subscribe.Ru




Novosti nedeli

  • Kak otkryt' zazerkal'e s pomosh'yu gradusnika?


  • 27.06.2003. Kakaya dolya solncepodobnyh zvezd imeet planety?

    Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora


    Stat'i nedeli
    "Luchshie iz luchshih"

  • astro-ph/0307223
    Praroditel' sverhnovoi 2003gd v M74

  • astro-ph/0307243
    Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie zvezdami s uglovym momentom

  • astro-ph/0307258
    Zvezdnyi potok v napravlenii anticentra Galaktiki

  • astro-ph/0307302
    Nevozmushennyi tonkii disk sharovyh skoplenii v M31

  • astro-ph/0307330
    Sistematicheskii sdvig v ocenkah mezhzvezdnogo magnitnogo polya


    Goryachie temy nedeli

  • Sovremennye komp'yuternye metody v astronomii


    Otdel'nye stat'i

  • Nablyudeniya yarchaishei rentgenovskoi vspyshki ot SgrA*

  • Poisk temnoi materii

  • Skoplenie galaktik, spryatavsheesya za M31

  • Praroditel' sverhnovoi 2003gd v M74

  • Skorosti vrasheniya krasnyh i golubyh zvezd gorizontal'noi vetvi

  • Glitchi anomal'nogo rentgenovskogo pul'sara 1RXS J170849.0--400910

  • Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie zvezdami s uglovym momentom

  • Pervichnyi nukleosintez - test dlya pervyh 20 minut zhizni Vselennoi

  • Vozmozhnost' nablyudeniya svetovogo eho vokrug peremennyh zvezd i kosmicheskih vzryvov

  • Zvezdnyi potok v napravlenii anticentra Galaktiki

  • Priroda haosa v sisteme Prometei-Pandora

  • Magnitogidrodinamicheskie akkrecionnye potoki v Kerrovskoi metrike

  • Trehmernaya model' poglosheniya v Galaktike

  • Periodichnosti v solnechnyh koronal'nyh vybrosah

  • Veroyatnyi klass blizkih gamma-vspleskov i istochnikov gravvoln

  • Obrazovanie galaktik rannih tipov: nablyudeniya do z=1

  • Znachimost' samyh krupnomasshtabnyh fluktuacii relikta po dannym WMAP

  • Mozhet li modificirovannaya gravitaciya ob'yasnit' uskorenie rasshireniya vselennoi?

  • Ob'yasneniya polyarizacii gamma-vspleska GRB 021206

  • Deistvitel'no holodnye zvezdy i istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya v centre Galaktiki

  • Nevozmushennyi tonkii disk sharovyh skoplenii v M31

  • Strategiya scheta fotonov na PZS c nizkim svetovym potokom

  • Kandidaty v chernye dyry

  • Evolyuciya massivnyh dvoinyh chernyh dyr

  • Superkomp'yutery v astrofizike

  • Sistematicheskii sdvig v ocenkah mezhzvezdnogo magnitnogo polya

  • Rezul'taty HEGRA na 28-i mezhdunarodnoi konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham


    Iz razdela physics

  • Upravlenie dannymi i kopanie v astrofizicheskih bazah dannyh

  • Avtomaticheskaya klassifikaciya rezul'tatov astronomicheskih eksperimentov s ispol'zovaniem samoorganizuyushihsya neironnyh setei

  • Neiroinformatika: Kto my, kuda my idem, kak izmerit' nash put'?


    Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov.

    Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g.

    Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.):
    kosmologiya,
    neitrino,
    kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya,
    galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary,
    nasha Galaktika,
    mezhzvezdnaya sreda,
    zvezdy,
    sverhnovye,
    ostatki sverhnovyh,
    chernye dyry,
    neitronnye zvezdy,
    linzirovanie,
    Solnce,
    ekzoplanety,
    Solnechnaya sistema,
    akkreciya,
    tesnye dvoinye sistemy,
    gamma-vspleski,
    gravitacionnye volny,
    mehanizmy izlucheniya,
    chislennoe modelirovanie,
    dinamika, mehanika
    metody obrabotki dannyh,
    MGD,
    metody nablyudenii,
    budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty,
    prochee.


    Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki.
    Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah.
    Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g.


    Avtory proekta
    Sergei Popov
    Mihail Prohorov



    Postav'te u sebya nashu knopku!



    Proekt razmeshen na saitah:


    Vy mozhet takzhe razmestit' na svoem saite nashu lentu obzorov


    Novostnye lenty
    Novosti astronomii ot PRAO
    Tekushie otkrytiya v FECh
    Novosti kosmonavtiki
    Novosti ot UFN
    Informnauka
    Perst

    Podpiska na rassylku obzorov na Subscribe.Ru

    Druzhestvennaya rassylka
    "Okno vo Vselennuyu" -
    chto vidno na nebe v etom mesyace


  • Obzory preprintov astro-ph

    Vypusk N50
    astro-ph za 08 - 18 iyulya 2003 goda: izbrannye stat'i

    Goryachie temy nedeli

    Sovremennye komp'yuternye metody v astronomii

    Tradicionno astronomiya ispol'zuet mnogie peredovye komp'yuternye metodiki. Za poslednie dve nedeli v Arhive poyavilos' neskol'ko statei, v kotoryh rasskazyvaetsya o rabote s bol'shimi massivami dannyh, o neironnyh setyah i o primeneniyah vsego etogo v astronomii.

    Stat'ya Frailisa i dr. "Data Management and Mining in Astrophysical Databases" posvyashena probleme "datadominirovannosti" sovremennoi astronomii i sposobam ee resheniya. V rabote "Automatic Classification using Self-Organising Neural Networks in Astrophysical Experiments" rasskazyvaetsya o primeneniyah neironnyh setei v astronomii, a o samih setyah mozhno prochest' zdes'.

    Bezuslovno, v astrofizike velika rol' chislennogo eksperimenta. Bezuslovno, dlya resheniya bol'shih zadach ispol'zuyut bol'shie komp'yutery. O primeneniyah superkomp'yuterov v astrofizike stat'ya "Super computers in astrophysics and High Performance simulations of self-gravitating systems".

    Hochetsya eshe raz otmetit', chto, esli vy professional'no vladeete sovremennymi metodami programmirovaniya i t.p., to vam vsegda budut rady v smysle primeneniya vashih talantov v astronomii (oplata - drugoe delo, uvy). I naoborot, mnogie izvestnye "komp'yuternye" proekty delalis' i delayutsya vypusknikami astronomicheskih otdelenii i fakul'tetov, t.k. v processe svoei astronomicheskoi deyatel'nosti eti lyudi stolknulis' s neobhodimost'yu "glubokogo proniknoveniya" v vozmozhnosti sovremennyh tehnologii.


    Referaty otdel'nyh statei


    astro-ph/0307110 Nablyudeniya yarchaishei rentgenovskoi vspyshki ot SgrA* na XMM-Newton (XMM-Newton observation of the brightest X-ray flare detected so far from SgrA*)
    Authors: D. Porquet et al.
    Comments: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 tables

    V centre nashei Galaktiki nahoditsya sverhmassivnaya chernaya dyra s massoi okolo 2-3 millionov mass Solnca. Kak izvestno, chernye dyry akkreciruyut okruzhayushee veshestvo, chto obychno privodit k poyavleniyu rentgenovskogo istochnika. Nashe galakticheskoe yadro v etom smysle yavlyaetsya ochen' neaktivnym: svetimost' chernoi dyry sostavlyaet poryadka odnoi desyatimillionnoi ot predel'noi svetimosti. Eto ochen' malo. Teoretikam prishlos' nemalo potrudit'sya, chtoby pridumat', kak mozhno ob'yasnit' takoe polozhenie del. Kak obychno teoretiki perestaralis': predlozheno neskol'ko mehanizmov, ob'yasnyayushih nizkuyu effektivnost' akkrecii. Kratko opishem dva mehanizma. Pervyi - advekciya. V etom sluchae goryachee veshestvo utekaet pod gorizont, ne uspev izluchit' zapasennuyu energiyu. Vtoroi - strui. Energiya unositsya ne elektromagnitnym izlucheniem, a perehodit v kineticheskuyu energiyu strui (ob etih mehanizmah my neodnokratno pisali - sm. arhiv nashih obzorov, temy "akkreciya" i "chernye dyry"). Vydelit' kakoi iz mehanizmov yavlyaetsya "edinstvenno pravil'nym" - ne udaetsya. Neobhodimo nablyudat'...

    Nablyudeniya vyyavili interesnyi fenomen - rentgenovskie vspyshki. Vpervye eto bylo zaregistrirovano v 2000 g. na sputnike Chandra. V etoi stat'e avtory predstavlyayut dannye sputnika XMM-Newton po samoi yarkoi vspyshke. Svetimost' ee vse ravno nevelika: 3-4 1035 erg/s. Dlya ob'yasneniya vspyshek takzhe predlozheno neskol'ko mehanizmov. Chem bol'she nablyudenii - tem bol'she ogranichenii na teoreticheskie modeli. Novye nablyudeniya tut osobenno vazhny, t.k. zaregistrirovannaya vspyshka ne tol'ko samaya yarkaya, no ona eshe imeet ochen' myagkii spektr, simmetrichnuyu krivuyu bleska i ne pokazyvaet sushestvennyh spektral'nyh variacii so vremenem. Eto - novyi vyzov teoretikam.


    obzor astro-ph/0307115 Poisk temnoi materii (Searching for dark matter)
    Authors: M. Roncadelli
    Comments: 27 pages Proceeding of the Conference "Neutrino Telescopes" (Venice, March, 2003)

    V obzore opisyvayutsya osnovnye nablyudatel'nye fakty, svidetel'stvuyushie v pol'zu sushestvovaniya temnoi materii. Avtor pytalsya izlagat' v dostatochno dostupnoi, no strogoi forme ("pedagogicheskoi" po ego opredeleniyu). Vidimo, eto emu udalos'.


    astro-ph/0307223 Skoplenie galaktik, spryatavsheesya za M31:nablyudeniya RX J0046.4+4204 na XMM-Newton (A Cluster of Galaxies hiding behind M31: XMM-Newton observations of RX J0046.4+4204)
    Authors: Oleg V. Kotov, Sergey Trudolyubov, W. Thomas Vestrand
    Comments: 18 pages, Submitted to ApJ

    Kak izvestno, zvezdy v galaktikah raspredeleny ochen' redko. Naprimer, pri "stolknovenii" galaktik otdel'nye zvezdy ne stalkivayutsya. Poetomu M31, Tumannost' Andromedy, yavlyaetsya dostatochno "prozrachnym tumanom". S pomosh'yu apparatury XMM-Newton skvoz' M31 udalos' rassmotret' skoplenie galaktik.

    Istochnik RX J0046.4+4204, kak eto sleduet iz ego oboznacheniya, byl otkryt eshe na sputnike ROSAT (otsyuda bukva "R"). No prostranstvennoe razreshenie ROSAT bylo nedostatochnym dlya opredeleniya prirody istochnika. Rentgenovskaya observatoriya novogo pokoleniya daet takuyu vozmozhnost'. Vozmozhnost' poluchat' horoshie rentgenovskie spektry na XMM-Newton pozvolyaet odnoznachno opredelit', chto etot istochnik yavlyaetsya dalekim (krasnoe smeshenie 0.293) skopleniem galaktik. Tak chto ot novoi apparatury ne skroesh'sya i v "tumane Andromedy".


    astro-ph/0307226 Praroditel' sverhnovoi vtorogo tipa s plato 2003gd v galaktike M74 (The Progenitor of the Type II-Plateau Supernova 2003gd in Messier 74)
    Authors: S.D. Van Dyk, W. Li, A.V. Filippenko
    Comments: 10 pages, 6 figures, to appear in PASP (2003 Oct issue)

    Kak my neodnokratno pisali, v astrofizike sverhnovyh sushestvuet massa nereshennyh problem. Svyazano eto kak so slozhnost'yu proishodyashih processov, tak i s redkost'yu etih sobytii. Naprimer, bylo by ochen' vazhno imet' informaciyu o vzorvavsheisya zvezde, no ona kraine redko okazyvaetsya dostupnoi. Do poyavleniya etoi raboty bylo izvestno vsego pyat' takih zvezd-praroditelei (sredi nih - praroditel'nica SN1987A v Magellanovom oblake).

    Obrabotav arhivnye dannye, poluchennye na Kosmicheskom teleskope za god do nablyudeniya vspyshki, avtory smogli opredelit', chto do vzryva zvezda byla krasnym sverhgigantom s nachal'noi massoi okolo 8-9 mass Solnca. Avtory polagayut, odnako, chto informaciya eshe nuzhdaetsya v podtverzhdenii. Dlya etogo neobhodimo provesti povtornye nablyudeniya na Kosmicheskom teleskope posle togo kak blesk sverhnovoi sushestvenno umen'shitsya. Eto pozvolit tochnee opredelit' polozhenie centra vzryva, t.e. pozvolit s uverennost'yu utverzhdat', chto zvezda-praroditel' byla vydelena verno.


    obzor astro-ph/0307232 Skorosti vrasheniya krasnyh i golubyh zvezd gorizontal'noi vetvi (Rotation Velocities of Red and Blue Field Horizontal-Branch Stars)
    Authors: Bradford B. Behr
    Comments: 47 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in November 2003 ApJS

    Ochen' podrobnoe issledovanie skorostei vrasheniya zvezd, nahodyashihsya na evolyucionnoi stadii gigantov gorizontal'noi vetvi. V issledovannuyu vyborku iz 45 zvezd vhodyat kak krasnye zvezdy s effektivnymi temperaturami Teff~5000K i vyshe, tak i golubye zvezdy s temperaturami do Teff~17000K. Tak kak vse eti zvezdy - giganty, to ekvatorial'nye lineinye skorosti vrasheniya u nih ne prevyshayut 30-40 km/s (dlya takih zvezd ochen' vysokaya velichina). Issledovanie pokazalo, chto u bol'shinstva holodnyh golubyh zvezd s promezhutochnymi temperaturami (Teff=7500-11500K) skorosti vrasheniya (v sin i) ne prevyshayut 15 km/s, no est' nebol'shaya gruppa tak nazyvaemyh "bystryh rotatorov", u kotoryh skorosti dostigayut 30-35 km/s. Vse krasnye giganty (za isklyucheniem odnoi zvezdy) imeyut nizkie skorosti <10 km/s.

    V obzore podrobno opisany metodika izmereniya, vozmozhnye selekcionnye effekty i nekotorye smezhnye voprosy.


    astro-ph/0307235 Glitchi anomal'nogo rentgenovskogo pul'sara 1RXS J170849.0--400910 (The glitches of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1RXS J170849.0--400910)
    Authors: S. Dall'Osso et al.
    Comments: submitted to ApJ Main Journal, 27 pages and 6 figures

    Izvestno, chto vrashayushiesya neitronnye zvezdy (v pervuyu ochered' obychnye radiopul'sary) demonstriruyut sboi perioda - t.n. glitchi. Sushestvuet neskol'ko mehanizmov, ob'yasnyayushih takie proishestviya. Odin iz naibolee izvestnyh - zvezdotryaseniya. V kore neitronnoi zvezdy nakaplivaetsya mehanicheskoe napryazhenie, zatem kora treskaetsya, chto privodit k izmeneniyu momenta inercii, a sledovatel'no i perioda vrasheniya. Drugaya model' svyazana s vzaimodeistviem kory i sverhtekuchego yadra zvezdy. Dlya ponimaniya togo, kakoi zhe mehanizm imeet mesto v prirode (ili oba imeyut pravo na sushestvovanie), vazhno nablyudat' povedenie perioda posle glitcha - t.n. relaksaciyu.

    V dannoi stat'e avtory opisyvayut nablyudenie eshe odnogo sil'nogo glitcha (sila opredelyaetsya po otnositel'nomu izmeneniyu chastoty vrasheniya) u anomal'nogo rentgenovskogo pul'sara. Predydushii sboi byl zaregistrirovan za poltora goda do etogo. Eto dostatochno chasto. Interesnaya osobennost' zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto processy relaksacii posle dvuh glitchei proishodili sushestvenno po-raznomu. Vozmozhno, dlya ob'yasneniya raznyh sboev perioda dazhe u odnoi neitronnoi zvezdy neobhodimo privlekat' neskol'ko mehanizmov!


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307243 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie zvezdami s uglovym momentom (Gravitational lensing by stars with angular momentum)
    Authors: M. Sereno
    Comments: 9 pages, 9 figures; to appear in MNRAS

    Esli zvezda vrashaetsya, to ona sama i, chto bolee vazhno, ee gravitacionnoe pole teryayut sfericheskuyu simmetriyu. Prichin zdes' dve: centrobezhnye sily prevrashayut sfericheskuyu zvezdu v splyusnutyi ellipsoid vrasheniya (v pervom priblizhenii), kotoryi imeet nesfericheskoe gravitacionnoe pole. Krome togo gravitacionnoe pole lyubogo vrashayushegosya tela otklonyaetsya ot sfericheskoi simmetrii, poskol'ku v nem proyavlyayutsya "gravimagnitnye" sily (naibolee izvestnyi primer - pole Kerrovskoi chernoi dyry). Pervyi effekt sil'nee proyavlyaetsya u obychnyh zvezd (razmery kotoryh veliki, a relyativistskie effekty, naoborot, maly), vtoroi - u neitronnyh zvezd i chernyh dyr.

    Kak eto proyavlyaetsya pri gravitacionnom mikrolinzirovanii?

    1. Nesfericheskaya gravitacionnaya linza sozdaet tri (a ne dva) izobrazheniya istochnika. Dopolnitel'noe tret'e izobrazhenie vsegda raspolozheno ochen' blizko k linze.
    2. Vblizi linzy voznikaet oblast' (kaustika), pri peresechenii kotoroi tochechnym istochnikom ego usilenie dostigaet beskonechnosti.

      Primer kaustiki vblizi odnorodnoi vrashayusheisya sfery.

    3. Vrashenie gravitacionnoi linzy vyzyvaet iskazhenie krivoi bleska.


    Struktura izobrazhenii v gravitacionnoi mikrolinze. Krasnye kruzhki pokazyvayut polozhenie linziruemogo istochnika, belye kvadraty - izobrazheniya sozdavaemye nevrashayusheisya linzoi, chernye kvadraty - vrashayushayasya odnorodnaya sfera. Polozhenie tret'ego izobrazheniya (pokazano zelenym cvetom) prakticheski sovpadaet s samoi linzoi.

    V gravitacionnom pole vrashayushegosya tela poyavlyaetsya eshe odin effekt - gravitacionnyi effekt Faradeya - povorot ploskosti polyarizacii sveta v rezul'tate gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya.


    obzor astro-ph/0307244 Pervichnyi nukleosintez - test dlya pervyh 20 minut zhizni Vselennoi (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: Probing the First 20 Minutes)
    Authors: Gary Steigman (OSU)
    Comments: 27 pages, 15 figures. To appear in Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 2: Measuring and Modeling the Universe, ed. W.L.Freedman

    V svoe vremya Stiven Vainberg napisal znamenituyu populyarnuyu knizhku "Pervye tri minuty" (ona perevodilas' i na russkii yazyk, a nedavno byla pereizdana). Etot obzor napisan bolee strogim yazykom, poetomu vse aspekty evolyucii Vselennoi v nego ne vmestilis', mesta hvatilo tol'ko na pervichnyi sintez elementov (pravda obzor eshe ohvatyvaet v sem' raz bol'shii interval vremeni).

    Kak i skol'ko sinteziruetsya deiteriya, geliya-3 i -4, litiya-7? Kak eti velichiny svyazany s kosmologicheskimi parametrami? Kakie ogranicheniya na ih osnove mozhno sdelat'? Na skol'ko nadezhno? - Vot osnovnye voprosy, rassmatrivaemye v dannom obzore.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307245 Vozmozhnost' nablyudeniya svetovogo eho vokrug peremennyh zvezd i kosmicheskih vzryvov (Observability of Scattered-Light Echoes Around Variable Stars and Cataclysmic Events)
    Authors: Ben E. K. Sugerman
    Comments: 43 pages, 18 figures; Accepted for publication in the AJ

    Svet ot zvezdy mozhet popast' pryamo k nablyudatelyu, a mozhet rasseyat'sya na pylevoi obolochke, okruzhayushei zvezdu. Rasseyannye fotony dostigayut nablyudatelya pozzhe. Napravlenie rasprostraneniya ih takzhe neskol'ko otlichaetsya ot napravleniya na istochnik: svet prihodit iz ego okrestnosti. Osobenno horosho etot effekt nablyudaetsya, esli istochnik izlucheniya yavlyaetsya peremennym (a luchshe vspyhivayushim). V etom sluchae (pri odinochnoi vspyshke i odnorodnom raspredelenii rasseivayushei sredy) vokrug istochnika budet nablyudat'sya rasshiryayusheesya svetovoe kol'co. Etot effekt nazyvaetsya "svetovoe eho".

    V real'nosti effekt bolee slozhen: izluchenie istochnika mozhet menyat'sya slozhnym obrazom, pylevaya obolochka mozhet imet' proizvol'nuyu formu, obolochka ne tol'ko rasseivaet, no i pogloshaet rasseyannoe izluchenie, eho nado otdelit' ot fonovogo izlucheniya i t.d.


    Dva rezhima vozniknoveniya svetovogo eho, opisannyh v stat'e:
    a) "tolstoe" eho i b) "tonkoe" eho.

    Obzor dostatochno ponyaten i interesen ne tol'ko specialistam.


    astro-ph/0307258 Zvezdnyi potok v napravlenii anticentra Galaktiki (The Galactic Anticenter Stellar Stream)
    Authors: Helio J. Rocha-Pinto et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 4 figures; submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Letters

    Neskol'ko mesyacev nazad v sredstvah massovoi informacii aktivno obsuzhdalos' obnaruzhenie interesnoi struktury v nashei Galaktike: kol'cevoi struktury na rasstoyanii poryadka 17 kpk ot centra. V etoi rabote avtory provodyat tshatel'noe issledovanie etoi struktury i prihodyat k vyvodu, chto skoree vsego v napravlenii anticentra (sozvezdie Edinoroga) my vidim ostatok poglosheniya nebol'shoi galaktiki. T.e. po vsei vidimosti eto obrazovanie ne yavlyaetsya odnorodnoi strukturoi, okruzhayushei nashu Galaktiku.


    astro-ph/0307259 Priroda haosa v sisteme Prometei-Pandora (Origin of Chaos in the Prometheus-Pandora System)
    Authors: P.Goldreich, N.Rappaport
    Comments: 16 pages, 7 fig.

    Prometei i Pandora - dva sputnika-"pastuha", dvizhushihsya po krayam samogo vneshnego iz kolec Saturna. Ih periody obrasheniya dostatochno blizki: srednie dvizheniya etih dvuh sputnikov nahodyatsya v rezonanse 121:118. Avtory chislenno issledovali vozmozhnost' proyavleniya haosa v dannoi sisteme, obnaruzhili, chto haoticheskoe dvizhenie voznikaet, i smogli ponyat' ego prichinu (differencial'naya precessiya rassheplyaet osnovnoi rezonans na chetyre uzkie, blizko raspolozhennye, ravnootstoyashie po chastote komponenty, libraciya ushiryaet ih do sil'nogo vzaimnogo perekrytiya, v rezul'tate chego obrazuetsya zona haoticheskih dvizhenii). Haos v etoi sisteme proyavlyaetsya v tom, chto polozhenie sputnikov na ih orbitah mozhet otlichat'sya ot predskazyvaemogo srednim dvizheniem dlya Prometeya na 1.8o/god, a dlya Pandory - na 3.1o/god. Esli by massy sputnikov byli v neskol'ko raz men'she, ih dvizhenie bylo by regulyarnym.


    Illyustraciya haoticheskogo dvizheniya v sisteme Prometei-Pandora: po gorizontali otlozheno polozhenie odnogo iz sputnikov na orbite, po vertikali - otlichie raznosti orbital'nyh faz sputnikov ot ozhidaemogo pri srednem dvizhenii.


    astro-ph/0307260 Magnitogidrodinamicheskie akkrecionnye potoki v Kerrovskoi metrike. I. (Magnetically Driven Accretion Flows in the Kerr Metric I: Models and Overall Structure)
    Authors: J.-P. De Villiers, J.F.Hawley, J.H.Krolik
    Comments: 29 pages, 15 figures

    Veshestvo s pronikayushim v nego magnitnym polem obrazuet akkrecionnyi disk vokrug kerrovskoi chernoi dyry. Chto budet s nim proishodit'? Kak rezul'tat etogo processa zavisit ot uglovogo momenta chernoi dyry? Vse analiticheskie vozmozhnosti otveta na dannye voprosy uzhe davno ischerpany. V dannoi stat'e issledovanie velos' chislennymi metodami. Avtory obnaruzhili, chto pri vseh znacheniyah momenta chernoi dyry v diske mozhno vydelit' odni i te zhe oblasti: osnovnoe telo diska, okruzhayushuyu ego goryachuyu koronu, vnutrennii tor s kanalom vdol' osi vrasheniya i dvuh protivopolozhno napravlennyh shirokih konicheskih dzhetov, v kotoryh veshestvo ottekaet ot chernoi dyry.


    Struktura zamagnichennogo akkrecionnogo diska.

    Bolee detal'nye kartinki i animirovannye rezul'taty raschetov mozhno naiti na saite avtorov http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~jd5v/KD_movies.htm.

    Ochen' blizkim voprosam chislennogo modelirovaniya magnitogidrodinamicheskih akkrecionnyh potokov posvyashena eshe bolee krasochnaya stat'ya astro-ph/0307306.


    astro-ph/0307273 Trehmernaya model' poglosheniya v Galaktike (A three-dimensional Galactic extinction model)
    Authors: R. Drimmel, A. Cabrera-Lavers, M. Lopez-Corredoira
    Comments: 12 pages, to be published in A&A

    Postroena krupnomasshtabnaya trehmernaya model' poglosheniya sveta v Galaktike. Model' pozvolyaet bystro poluchit' velichinu A_V (oslablenie sveta) dlya lyuboi tochki vnutri diska Galaktiki.


    astro-ph/0307277 Periodichnosti v solnechnyh koronal'nyh vybrosah (Periodicities in Solar Coronal Mass Ejections)
    Authors: Y.-Q. Lou et al.
    Comments: Accepted by MNRAS, 6 figures

    Po dannym sputnika SOHO za chetyre goda nblyudenii (s fevralya 1999 po fevral' 2003) avtory izuchayut periodichnosti v poyavlenii koronal'nyh vybrosov. Obnaruzheno neskol'ko kvaziperiodicheskih posledovatel'nostei vybrosov. Avtory osbuzhdayut vozmozhnuyu prirodu etih processov.


    astro-ph/0307279 Vozmozhnyi klass blizkih gamma-vspleskov i istochnikov gravvoln (Possible Class of Nearby Gamma-Ray Burst / Gravitational Wave Sources)
    Authors: Jay P. Norris
    Comments: Invited talk at "The Astrophysics of Gravitational Wave Sources" Workshop; April 24-26, 2003, U. Maryland; 10 pages, 5 figures

    Bolee-menee vse uvereny, chto gamma-vspleski - eto moshnye vzryvy na kosmologicheskih rasstoyaniyah. Takzhe vse gotovy soglasit'sya, chto izvestnye gamma-vspleski mogut ne predstavlyat' odnorodnoi vyborki. Po-krainei mere chetko vydelyayutsya dva klassa vspleskov: kototkie i myagkie (po spektru) i dlinnyei zhestkie. Dovol'no chasto raznye avtory pytayutsya vydelit' drugie klassy i/ili podklassy.

    V etoi stat'e avtor vydelyaet klass istochnikov, kotorye harakterizuyutsya nebol'shim kolichestvom shirokih impul'sov (napomnim, chto vsplesk mozhet sostoyat' iz odnogo pika, iz neskol'kih pikov ili zhe byt' ochen' sil'no izrezannym).


    Krivye bleska samyh raznyh vspleskov mozhno posmotret' zdes': http://www.batse.msfc.nasa.gov/batse/grb/lightcurve/

    Izuchenie krivoi Log[N]-Log[Fp] dlya etih istochnikov pokazyvaet, chto oni dolzhny byt' dostatochno blizkoi populyaciei. Avtor predlagaet ih svyaz' so sverhnovymi tipa Ib/c. Bezuslovno, eto poka lish' gipoteza.


    obzor astro-ph/0307281 Obrazovanie galaktik rannih tipov: nablyudeniya do z=1 (The Formation of Early-Type Galaxies: Observations to z=1)
    Authors: T. Treu
    Comments: 18 pages, 5 figures. Invited review to appear in "Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 3: Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and Galaxy Evolution", ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, and A. Oemler (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) (submitted Apr 14 2003)

    Nashi obzory presleduyut neskol'ko celei. Vse oni tak ili inache svyazany s privlecheniem vnimaniya podgotovlennogo chitatelya (prepodavatelya, zhurnalista, studenta, professionala iz smezhnoi oblasti znaniya i t.d.) k original'nym rabotam. Navernoe, osobenno vazhno vydelyat' bolee-menee dostupnye obzornye raboty po raznym voprosam (napominaem, chto my vedem spisok obzorov, a takzhe vsegda vydelyaem ih sredi prochih statei). Vot odna iz nih.

    V poslednie gody blagodarya razvitiyu tehniki nablyudenii stalo vozmozhnym izuchat' sostav i strukturu galaktik, kotorye nahodyatsya dostatochno daleko ot nas, chtoby stali zametny evolyucionnye izmeneniya. S tochki zreniya teorii zdes' eshe mnogo neyasnogo. Poetomu vse eto ochen' interesno: eto "dyshit". V dannom obzore avtor opisyvaet izvestnye dannye po evolyucii galaktik rannih tipov. Razumeetsya, dannyenablyudenii sravnivayutsya s predskazaniyami teoretikov.


    astro-ph/0307282 Znachimost' samyh krupnomasshtabnyh fluktuacii relikta po dannym WMAP (The significance of the largest scale CMB fluctuations in WMAP
    Authors: Angelica de Oliveira-Costa et al.
    Comments: 12 pages, 5 figs

    Eta stat'ya chastichno pereklikaetsya s preprintom astro-ph/0306431, annotaciya kotorogo byla opublikovana v 48-m vypuske nashego obozreniya.

    Povedenie samyh nizkih mul'tipolei anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya neobychno. V dannoi stat'e podmecheny tri interesnye osobennosti:

    1. Kvadrupol' reliktovogo izlucheniya nizhe ozhidaemogo iz teorii. Sluchainoe otklonenie takoi velichiny imeet veroyatnost' realizacii 1/20.
    2. Oktupol' tozhe mal. Veroyatnost' sluchaino realizacii oktupolya 1/20 (sovpadenie veroyatnostei, deistvitel'no, chisto sluchaino).
    3. Nablyudaetsya ochen' blizkoe raspolozhenie osei kvadrupolya i oktupolya, veroyatnost' sluchainoi realizacii kotoroi 1/60.
    Peremnozhaya tri privedennye chisla nahodim, chto nablyudaemye parametry dvuh nizshih garmonik anizotropii kosmicheskogo mikrovolnovogo izlucheniya mogli okazat'sya takimi kak nablyudaetsya sluchaino tol'ko v odnom sluchae iz 24000.

    Odnako nablyudaemye svoistva poluchayut estestvennoe ob'yasnenie v modeli Vselennoi s bolee slozhnoi - toroidal'noi - topologiei s radiusom svertki ravnym primerno polovine radiusa gorizonta.


    Karta anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya po dannym WMAP (vverhu),
    ee kvadrupol' (v seredine) i oktupol' (vnizu).

    Dopolnitel'nye svedeniya mozhno naiti na saite avtorov http://www.hep.upenn.edu/~angelica/topology.html.


    astro-ph/0307285 Mozhet li modificirovannaya gravitaciya ob'yasnit' uskorenie rasshireniya vselennoi? (Can modified gravity explain accelerated cosmic expansion?)
    Authors: A.D. Dolgov, M. Kawasaki
    Comments: 4 pages, no figure

    Nedavno my pisali o popytkah ob'yasnit' uskorennoe rasshirenie Vselennoi s pomosh'yu modificirovannoi gravitacii. V dannoi korotkoi zametke avtory pokazyvayut, chto eto ochen' neprosto. Bolee togo, ih zaklyuchenie sostoit v tom, chto trebuemye parametry protivorechat mnogim horosho ustanovlennym faktam.


    astro-ph/0307290 Ob'yasneniya polyarizacii gamma-vspleska GRB 021206 (Implications of the gamma-ray Polarization of GRB 021206)
    Authors: Ehud Nakar, Tsvi Piran and Eli Waxman
    Comments: 14 pages, 4 figures

    V stat'e delaetsya popytka ob'yasnit' poslednee nedavnee otkrytie v oblasti gamma-vspleskov - obnaruzhenie vysokogo urovnya polyarizacii (do 70%) sobstvennogo izlucheniya gamma-vspleska v sobytii GRB 021206.

    Avtory rassmotreli dva scenariya, v kotoryh izluchenie gamma-vspleska porozhdaetsya sinhrotronnym obrazom v dzhete, no v pervom sluchae magnitnoe pole dzheta predpolagaetsya odnorodnym, vo vtorom - sluchainym. Oba scenariya predskazyvayu vysokuyu polyarizaciyu izlucheniya (do 40-45% v pervom sluchae i do 30-35% - vo vtorom). Dlya ob'yasneniya nablyudaemogo urovnya polyarizacii velichina polya na poverhnosti kompaktnogo ob'ekta dolzhna byt' poryadka 1012 Gs. Polucheny nekotorye ogranicheniya na ugol rastvora dzheta.

    Navernyaka vozmozhny i drugie ob'yasneniya nablyudavshegosya yavleniya.


    astro-ph/0307291 Deistvitel'no holodnye zvezdy i istoriya zvezdoobrazovaniya v centre Galaktiki (Really Cool Stars and the Star Formation History at the Galactic Center)
    Authors: R. D. Blum et al.
    Comments: ApJ, accepted. Latex, 65 pages including 19 figures

    Bol'shaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya istorii zvezdoobrazovaniya v oblasti galakticheskogo centra.

    S odnoi storony izvestno, chto v centre Galaktiki mnogo molodyh zvezd, t.e. nedavno tam byla dovol'no moshnaya vspyshka zvezdoobrazovaniya. S drugoi storony yasno, chto tam mnogo ochen' staryh zvezd. Ispol'zuya ochen' bol'shuyu vyborku ob'ektov, avtory pytayutsya detal'no vosstanovit' istoriyu zvezdoobrazovaniya v etom neprstom raione nashego zvezdnogo ostrova. Osnovnye vyvody takovy: bolee 75 procentov zvezd vnutri neskol'kih parsek imeyut vozrast bolee 5 milliardov let, temp zvezdoobrazovaniya sushestvenno izmenyalsya so vremenem.


    astro-ph/0307302 Nevozmushennyi tonkii disk sharovyh skoplenii v M31 (M31's Undisturbed Thin Disk of Globular Clusters)
    Authors: H.L. Morrison et al.
    Comments: 60 pages including 17 figures; submitted to ApJ

    Kak izvestno, sharovye skopleniya v nashei Galaktike raspredeleny bolee-menee sfericheski simmetrichno otnositel'no centra Galaktiki. V M31 (Tumannosti Andromedy) avtory obnaruzhili sharovye skopleniya, kotorye sostavlyayut tonkii disk. Utochnim, oni ne tol'ko v dannyi moment nahodyatsya v diske, no i kinematika ih dvizhenii takova, chto oni yavlyayutsya "zhitelyami" tonkoi ploskoi sostavlyayushei M31. Eto o mnogom govorit. Vo-pervyh, mozhno skazat', chto u M31 uzhe davno byl moshnyi disk. Vo-vtoryh, mozhno utverzhdat', chto Tumannost' Andromedy nikogda ne ispytyvala vzaimodeistviya s galaktikoi, ch'ya massa sostavlyaet hotya by 10 procentov ot massy diska M31.


    astro-ph/0307305 Strategiya scheta fotonov na PZS c nizkim svetovym potokom (Photon counting strategies with low light level CCDs)
    Authors: A.G. Basden, C.A. Haniff, C.D. Mackay
    Comments: 7 pages, accepted by MNRAS

    Redkaya stat'ya, posvyashennaya novomu podklassu detektorov sveta. PZS c nizkim svetovym potokom (L3CCDs = Low light level charge coupled devices) razrabotany dostatochno nedavno. V otlichii ot obychnyh PZS v nih neposredstvenno vnutri chipov proizvoditsya usilenie signala. Odnako usilenie - process stohasticheskii, chto privodit k poyavleniyu zametnogo dopolnitel'nogo shuma. Stat'ya posvyashena sposobam izbavleniya ot nego.

    Rekomenduyu etu stat'yu eksperimentatoram i nablyudatelyam, v nei opisan priemnik s novymi, vozmozhno interesnymi imenno dlya vas, svoistvami.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307307 Kandidaty v chernye dyry (Black Hole Candidates)
    Authors: Janusz Ziolkowski
    Comments: 21 pages; review presented at Vulcano Workshop 2002

    Spisok kandidatov v chernye dyry v dvoinyh sistemah rastet (sravnite s obzorom Cherepashuka i preprintom astro-ph/0306213). V etoi stat'e ih uzhe 51.

    Obzor mozhno ispol'zovat' kak spravochnik: v nem privedena obshaya tablica dannyh dlya vseh kandidatov, a zatem kommentarii dlya kazhdogo ob'ekta individual'no.


    miniobzor astro-ph/0307313 Superkomp'yutery v astrofizike i modelirovanie samogravitiruyushih sistem (Super computers in astrophysics and High Performance simulations of self-gravitating systems)
    Authors: R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta et al.
    Comments: Invited talk at the SAIt 2003 national meeting (Trieste, Italy, 14 - 17 aprile 2003) to be published in the Proceedings; 6 pages+3 ps figures

    Kratko opisyvayutsya chislennye eksperimenty po modelirovaniyu zvezdnyh skoplenii i galaktik na superkomp'yuterah. Osoboe vnimanie udeleno processu vzaimodeistviya sharovogo skopleniya s materinskoi galaktikoi.


    astro-ph/0307327 Evolyuciya massivnyh dvoinyh chernyh dyr (Evolution of Massive Black Hole Binaries)
    Authors: Junichiro Makino and Yoko Funato
    Comments: 27 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to ApJ

    Rech' idet o (sverh)massivnyh chernyh dyrah nablyudaemyh v centrah galaktik. Rezul'taty dannoi stat'i polucheny v hode ryada chislennyh eksperimentov, provedennyh na specializirovannyh komp'yuterah Grape. (Eti komp'yutery prednaznacheny dlya resheniya zadach ob evolyucii sistem N tyagoteyushih tochek. Deistviya dlya takih vychislenii realizovany v nih apparatno. V nastoyashee vremya vozmozhny raschety sistem s chislom tochek do N=106, t.e. uzhe mozhno tochno rasschityvat' evolyuciyu sharovyh skoplenii i bolee melkih zvezdnyh sistem.)

    Chto proishodit s central'nymi chernymi dyrami, esli galaktiki v kotoryh oni nahodilis', slivayutsya? Raschety podtverdili rezul'taty teoreticheskih ocenok, chto dve sverhmassivnye chernye ne uspevayut slit'sya za habblovskoe vremya bez vliyaniya fona okruzhayushih zvezd (bez dinamicheskogo treniya).


    astro-ph/0307330 Sistematicheskii sdvig v ocenkah mezhzvezdnogo magnitnogo polya (Systematic bias in interstellar magnetic field estimates)
    Authors: Rainer Beck et al.
    Comments: 10 pages with 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

    Odnoi iz vazhneishih sostavlyayushih mezhzvezdnoi sredy yavlyaetsya magnitnoe pole. Ego izmerenie yavlyaetsya neprostoi zadachei. Delo v tom, chto prihoditsya deistvovat' ne napryamik. Pole ocenivayut ili po ego vozdeistviyu na rasprostranyayusheesya elektromagnitnoe izluchenie (faradeevskoe vrashenie ploskosti polyarizacii), ili po sinhrotronnomu izlucheniyu chastic kosmicheskih luchei.

    Mezhzvezdnaya sreda sil'no turbulizovana, i eto mozhet okazyvat' sushestvennoe vliyanie na ocenki magnitnogo polya. Avtory detal'no issleduyut vozmozhnye sistematicheskie effekty i prihodyat k vyvodu, chto ocenka po mere vrasheniya pri nalichii polozhitel'noi korrelyacii fluktuacii magnitnogo polya i elektronnoi plotnosti yavlyaetsya zavyshennoi (v sluchae antikorrelyacii vse budet naoborot). Polozhitel'naya korrelyaciya mezhdu plotnost'yu kosmicheskih luchei i magnitnym polem takzhe privodit k zavysheniyu ocenki magnitnogo polya. V chastnosti avtoram udaetsya ob'yasnit' rashozhdeniya v ocenkah polya, poluchennye dvumya opisannymi vyshe sposobami.


    astro-ph/0307334 Rezul'taty HEGRA na 28-i mezhdunarodnoi konferencii po kosmicheskim lucham (HEGRA Contributions to the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference)
    Authors: HEGRA Collaboration
    Comments: 56 pages, 25 figures. Individual contributions appear in the Proc. of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference (see http://www-rccn.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/icrc2003/proceedings_pdf.html)

    Uchastniki kollaboracii HEGRA (High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy) ne stali razmenivat'sya na melochi i ob'edinili trinadcat' otdel'nyh korotkih zametok v odin bol'shoi material. Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty nablyudenii M87, M31, H1426+428, Mkn421, 1ES1959+650, SN1006, mnozhestva aktivnyh yader galaktik, a takzhe prosto rezul'taty obzorov neba. Dlya bol'shinstva istochnikov polucheny tol'ko verhnie predely, no est' i polozhitel'nye rezul'taty, t.e. nekotorye istochniki udaetsya uvidet' v zhestkom diapazone. Osobenno rekomenduem prochest' obzornuyu zametku (stranicy s 9 po 12), gde svedeny osnovnye rezul'taty i dan spisok zaregistrirovannyh istochnikov.


    My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing).

    cs.DB/0307032 Upravlenie dannymi i kopanie v astrofizicheskih bazah dannyh (Data Management and Mining in Astrophysical Databases)
    Authors: M. Frailis, A. De Angelis, V. Roberto
    Comments: 10 pages, Latex, S. Ciprini, A. De Angelis, P. Lubrano and O. Mansutti (eds.): Proc. of `Science with the New Generation of High Energy Gamma-ray Experiments'' (Perugia, Italy, May 2003). Forum, Udine 2003, p. 157

    Astronomicheskih ob'ektov mnogo, a potomu mnogo dannyh. Rabotat' s nimi (pover'te!) ochen' tyazhelo. K schast'yu, raznoobraznye sovremennye tehnologii zdes' ochen' pomogayut. V stat'e rech' idet kak raz ob etom. Krome astronomov stat'ya mozhet byt' ochen' interesna vsem tem, kto zanimaetsya rabotoi s bol'shimi massivami dannyh.

    cs.NE/0307031 Avtomaticheskaya klassifikaciya rezul'tatov astronomicheskih eksperimentov s ispol'zovaniem samoorganizuyushihsya neironnyh setei (Automatic Classification using Self-Organising Neural Networks in Astrophysical Experiments)
    Authors: P. Boinee, A. De Angelis, E. Milotti
    Comments: 9 Pages, corrected authors name format Subj-class: Neural and Evolutionary Computing; Artificial Intelligence

    Soderzhanie stat'i ochen' tochno sootvetstvuet ee nazvaniyu. A v kachestve primera rassmotrena sistema avtomaticheskoi klassifikacii gamma-vspleskov.


    cond-mat/0307346 Neiroinformatika: Kto my, kuda my idem, kak izmerit' nash put'? (Neuroinformatics: What are us, where are we going, how to measure our way?)
    Authors: A.N. Gorban
    Comments: 9 pages,4 figures, The lecture was given at the USA-NIS Neurocomputing opportunities workshop, Washington DC, July 1999 (Associated with IJCNN'99)

    Neironnye seti nahodyat mnozhestvo razlichnyh primenenii, v tom chisle i v obrabotke astronomicheskih dannyh (my neskol'ko raz pisali ob etom). Eta rabota yavlyaetsya dovol'no populyarnym obzorom po neiroinformatike, gde opisyvayutsya osnovnye principy, a takzhe reshennye i nereshennye problemy.

    Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Automatic Classification using Self-Organising Neural Networks in Astrophysical Experiments", gde rassmatrivaetsya primenenie neironnyh setei v astronomii.


    Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami: astro-ph - elektronnye preprinty
    Publikacii so slovami: astro-ph - elektronnye preprinty
    Sm. takzhe:
    Vse publikacii na tu zhe temu >>

    Ocenka: 2.4 [golosov: 14]
     
    O reitinge
    Versiya dlya pechati Raspechatat'

    Astrometriya - Astronomicheskie instrumenty - Astronomicheskoe obrazovanie - Astrofizika - Istoriya astronomii - Kosmonavtika, issledovanie kosmosa - Lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - Planety i Solnechnaya sistema - Solnce


    Astronet | Nauchnaya set' | GAISh MGU | Poisk po MGU | O proekte | Avtoram

    Kommentarii, voprosy? Pishite: info@astronet.ru ili syuda

    Rambler's Top100 Yandeks citirovaniya