The R.A.P.Project "Prosto o slozhnom" "Astro-ph za vtoruyu polovinu 2003 g." Nemnogo statistiki Predydushii vypusk (N75) Slovar' astroterminov Spisok missii i teleskopov Obzory UFN Stat'i SOZh ANKa Dnya 24.03.2004. Obzor neba po dannym SIGMA 20.03.2004. Interesnyi dvoinoi radiopul'sar Soderzhanie i bystryi perehod k razdelam obzora Stat'i nedeli "Luchshie iz luchshih" astro-ph/0404453 Katalog nizkoenergichnyh gamma-istochnikov po dannym BATSE astro-ph/0404456 Otkrytie kandidata v planetoidy vnutrennego oblaka Oorta Otdel'nye stat'i Kollaps odnorodno vrashayushihsya zvezd v chernye dyry i obrazovanie diskov Issledovaniya dvoinogo pul'sara PSR J0737-3039 na teleskope v Grin Benk Orbital'nye parametry dvoinoi s chernoi dyroi XTE J1650-500 Modelirovanie obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik Kosmologiya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta i bimetricheskaya gravitaciya: al'ternativa standartnoi inflyacii Pul'sarnye kiki i otkloneniya osei vrasheniya v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah neitronnyh zvezd PSR J0737-3039, PSR B1534+12 and PSR B1913+16 X1908+075: Pul'sar, vrashayushiisya v zvezdnom vetre massivnogo kompan'ona Mezhzvezdnaya turbulentnost'. I.: nablyudeniya i processy Mezhzvezdnaya turbulentnost'. II.: prilozheniya i effekty Katalog nizkoenergichnyh gamma-istochnikov po dannym BATSE Otkrytie kandidata v planetoidy vnutrennego oblaka Oorta Novye raschety potoka atmosfernyh neitrino po 3-mernoi sheme Kvazinormal'nye mody i gravitacionnoe izluchenie chernyh dyr Pul'sarnyi kik i temnaya materiya v vide steril'nyh neitrino Ierarhicheskoe formirovanie galaktik s uchetom vyduvaniya gaza sverhnovymi Trehmernoe modelirovanie diskovoi akkrecii na magnitnyi dipol': II Goryachie pyatna i peremennost' Antropnye ogranicheniya na energiyu vakuuma i massy neitrino Obnaruzhenie atomarnogo hlora v atmosfere Io Universal'nye ogranicheniya na vychisleniya Obrazovanie samogo relyativistskogo pul'sara PSR J0737-3039 Vzryvy sverhnovyh, 511 keV-nye fotony, gamma-vspleski i zerkal'naya materiya Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie chernymi dyrami: sluchai zvezdy S2 Relyativistskie effekty v "krugah-na-nebe" iz-za dvizheniya Galaktiki Inflyaciya Dinamicheskaya model' dvizheniya Tumannosti Andromedy M31 i proishozhdenie lokal'noi gruppy galaktik Ponimanie kvantovoi teorii v geometricheskih terminah Kosmologicheskie neitrino Geometriya dvuhpul'sarnoi sistemy J0737-3039 po sistematicheskim izmeneniyam intensivnosti izlucheniya Iz razdela physics Ya kot, kotoryi gulyaet sam po sebe Dinamika hod'by Polnyi Arhiv predydushih vypuskov. Arhiv statei, voshedshih v vypuski s 01 iyulya 2002 g. po 31 marta 2003 g. Razdely arhiva (s aprelya 2003 g.): kosmologiya, neitrino, kosmicheskie luchi i gamma-astronomiya, galaktiki, AYaG, kvazary, nasha Galaktika, mezhzvezdnaya sreda, zvezdy, sverhnovye, ostatki sverhnovyh, chernye dyry, neitronnye zvezdy, linzirovanie, Solnce, ekzoplanety, Solnechnaya sistema, akkreciya, tesnye dvoinye sistemy, gamma-vspleski, gravitacionnye volny, mehanizmy izlucheniya, chislennoe modelirovanie, dinamika, mehanika metody obrabotki dannyh, MGD, metody nablyudenii, budushie nablyudatel'nye proekty, prochee. Poleznye astronomicheskie ssylki. Korotkoe esse ob elektronnyh preprintah. Obzornye stat'i v astro-ph s 2001 g. Obsudit' na forume Scientific.RU Obsudit' na forume Zvezdocheta Avtory proekta Sergei Popov Mihail Prohorov Postav'te u sebya nashu knopku! Proekt razmeshen na saitah: Vy mozhet takzhe razmestit' na svoem saite nashu lentu obzorov Novostnye lenty Novosti astronomii ot PRAO Tekushie otkrytiya v FECh Novosti kosmonavtiki Novosti ot UFN Informnauka Perst Podpiska na rassylku obzorov na Subscribe.Ru Druzhestvennaya rassylka "Okno vo Vselennuyu" Zamechatel'nyi sait Astronomiya i teleskopostroenie

Obzory preprintov astro-ph Vypusk N76 astro-ph za 19 - 30 aprelya 2004 goda: izbrannye stat'i Referaty otdel'nyh statei astro-ph/0404338 Kollaps odnorodno vrashayushihsya zvezd v chernye dyry i obrazovanie diskov (Collapse of Uniformly Rotating Stars to Black Holes and the Formation of Disks) Authors: Stuart L. Shapiro Comments: 11 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, AASTeX; accepted to appear in The Astrophysical Journal Napomnim, chto soglasno naibolee standartnoi kartine dlinnye gamma-vspleski obrazuyutsya v rezul'tate kollapsa v chernuyu dyru i obrazovaniya akkrecionnogo diska vokrug novoobrazovavsheisya dyry. Process etot bolee chem slozhnyi, a potomu est' mnogo nereshennyh problem. Odna iz nih svyazana s obrazovaniem diska. Styuart Shapiro rassmatrivaet process kollapsa neitronnoi zvezdy i process kollapsa massivnoi zvezdy. V pervom sluchae disk ne obrazuetsya t.k. ostaetsya slishkom malo veshestva - pochti vse popadaet v chernuyu dyru. Vo vtorom sluchae do 10 procentov massy kollapsiruyushego ob'ekta mozhet poiti na sozdanie diska. T.o. obrazom modeli, v kotoryh proishodit "zaderzhannyi" kollaps neitronnoi zvezdy stalkivayutsya s trudnostyami. Otmetim odnako, chto raschety Shapiro provedeny pri nekotoryh predpolozheniyah (odnorodnost' vrasheniya, naprimer). Uchet bolee slozhnyh effektov mozhet izmenit' kartinu. astro-ph/0404341 Issledovaniya dvoinogo pul'sara PSR J0737-3039 na teleskope v Grin Benk (GBT Exploratory Time Observations of the Double-Pulsar System PSR J0737-3039) Authors: S. Ransom et al. Comments: 9 pages, including 8 figures. To appear in proceedings of Aspen Center for Physics Conference on `Binary Radio Pulsars'' Eds. F. Rasio and I. Stairs Sistema dvoinogo radiopul'sara PSR J0737-3039 ochen' vazhna dlya fiziki i astrofiziki. Poetomu istochniki (t.e. oba pul'sara) aktivno nablyudayut i regulyarno rasskazyvayut o novyh rezul'tatah. Imenno etomu i posvyashena dannaya zametka. Sm. takzhe stat'yu "Fluctuation and morphological properties of the pulsars in J0737--3039 system" (astro-ph/0404392) astro-ph/0404343 Orbital'nye parametry dvoinoi s chernoi dyroi XTE J1650-500 (Orbital Parameters for the Black Hole Binary XTE J1650-500) Authors: Jerome A. Orosz et al. Comments: 14 pages, 5 figures (two of degraded quality), submitted to ApJ Avtory privodyat dannye podrobnyh fotometricheskih issledovanii sistemy XTE J1650-500. Osnovnym rezul'tatom yavlyaetsya pereocenka orbital'nyh parametrov sistemy po sravneniyu s predydushimi rabotami. Iz etogo sleduet vazhnyi vyvod: predydushie ocenki massy chernoi dyry mogli byt' neskol'ko zavysheny. Teper' verhnii predel na massu sostavlyaet primerno 7.3 massy Solnca. Pri var'irovanii parametrov sistemy mozhno poluchit' massu dazhe poryadka 4 solnechnyh mass. Eto ochen' vazhno, t.k. v nastoyashii moment schitaetsya, chto sushestvuet proval v raspredelenii po massam mezhdu neitronnymi zvezdami i chernymi dyrami (primerno ot 2-3 mass solnca do 7), ob'yasneniyu kotorogo bylo posvyasheno nemalo rabot. Obnaruzhenie hotya by odnoi chernoi dyry "iz provala" chrezvychaino vazhno dlya izucheniya konechnyh stadii evolyucii zvezd. astro-ph/0404350 Modelirovanie obrazovaniya skoplenii galaktik (Simulating the Formation of Galaxy Clusters) Authors: Daisuke Nagai, Andrey V. Kravtsov Comments: 3 pages, 2 figures. Use iaus style. To appear in the proceedings of IAU Colloquium 195 - "Outskirts of galaxy clusters: intense life in the suburbs", Torino, Italy, March 12-16, 2004 Ochen' korotkaya zametka v trudah konferencii. My vydelyaem ee potomu, chto uzhe v abstrakte kompaktno i chetko perechisleny osnovnye elementy i trudnosti v modelirovanii processa formirovaniya galaktik i skoplenii, a takzhe vozmozhnye puti razresheniya etih problem. Trudnosti svyazany s pravil'nym uchetom ohlazhdeniya gaza za schet izlucheniya i nagreva gaza za schet obratnogo vliyaniya obrazuyushihsya zvezd. Dlya vosproizvedeniya nablyudayushihsya svoistv galaktik neobhodim kakoi-to dopolnitel'nyi mehanizm nagreva. Vozmozhno, on svyazan s aktivnost'yu galakticheskogo yadra. gr-qc/0404066 Kosmologiya s peremennoi skorost'yu sveta i bimetricheskaya gravitaciya: al'ternativa standartnoi inflyacii (Variable Speed of Light Cosmology and Bimetric Gravity: An Alternative to Standard Inflation) Authors: J. W. Moffat Comments: 10 pages. Latex file. No figures. Talk given at the Coral Gables Conference on High Energy Physics and Cosmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, December 17-21, 2003 Podrobno rassmatrivaetsya odna iz al'ternativ inflyacii. Dannaya model' osnovyvaetsya na ves'ma nestandartnoi fizike. Razumeetsya, obsuzhdayutsya puti eksperimental'noi proverki pravil'nosti predlozhennoi modeli. Sm. takzhe vtoruyu svezhuyu stat'yu etogo avtora, posvyashennuyu al'ternativnoi teorii gravitacii: "Modified Gravitational Theory and Galaxy Rotation Curves" (gr-qc/0404076) astro-ph/0404423 Pul'sarnye kiki i otkloneniya osei vrasheniya v tesnyh dvoinyh sistemah neitronnyh zvezd PSR J0737-3039, PSR B1534+12 and PSR B1913+16 (Pulsar Kicks and Spin Tilts in the Close Double Neutron Stars PSR J0737-3039, PSR B1534+12 and PSR B1913+16) Authors: B. Willems, V. Kalogera, M. Henninger Comments: 25 pages, Submitted to ApJ. A version with high resolution figures may be downloaded at http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/~bart/publications.html Avtory obsuzhdayut takoi vopros: mozhno li po dannym nablyudenii dvoinyh neitronnyh zvezd (sistemy tipa pul'sar+pul'sar ili pul'sar+nepul'siruyushaya neitronnaya zvezda) poluchit' ogranicheniya na skorosti otdachi (kiki) i na velichinu ugla mezhdu os'yu vrasheniya pul'sara i os'yu orbital'nogo momenta sistemy. I kik, i smeshenie osi po uglu voznikayut iz-za vzryva sverhnovoi. V svyazi s etim predstavlyaetsya ochen' vazhnym maksimal'no ispol'zovat' dannye nablyudenii dlya polucheniya informacii, svyazannoi s fizikoi vzryva. V osnovnom avtory obsuzhdayut sistemu edinstvennogo "dvoinogo-dvoinogo" pul'sara (sistema iz dvuh pul'sarov). Bolee kratko rassmatrivayutsya sistemy PSR B1534+12 i PSR B1913+16 (pul'sar+neitronnaya zvezda). Za schet novyh dannyh i rasshireniya prostranstva parametrov avtory poluchayut rezul'taty, otlichayushiesya ot bolee rannih (v tom chisle poluchennyh samimi avtorami). Ne vnikaya v detali, mozhno skazat', chto: 1. Ochen' bol'shie skorosti (bolee 1000 km/s) ne isklyucheny; 2. Ochen' malye skorosti - menee 60 dlya J0737-3039, menee 45 dlya PSR B1534+12 i menee 190 dlya PSR B1913+16 - isklyucheny. astro-ph/0404428 X1908+075: Pul'sar, vrashayushiisya v zvezdnom vetre massivnogo kompan'ona (X1908+075: A Pulsar Orbiting in the Stellar Wind of a Massive Companion) Authors: A. M. Levine et al. Comments: 16 pages, 11 Postscript figures, submitted to ApJ Istochnik X1908+075 izvesten eshe s samyh rannih rentgenovskih nablyudenii. Odnako opticheskogo otozhdestvleniya ne bylo i ne do ih por. Nekotoroe vremya nazad po dannym RXTE byl obnaruzhen orbital'nyi period (4.4 dnya). V etoi rabote avtory rasskazyvayut ob otkrytii perioda 605 sekund. Ochevidno, chto eto period vrasheniya neitronnoi zvezdy. Udalos' dostatochno mnogo uznat' ob etoi sisteme. Kompan'onom yavlyaetsya massivnaya zvezda s vysokim tempom poteri massy v vide zvezdnogo vetra, prichem ne gigant. Avtory polagayut, chto eto zvezda Vol'fa-Raie. A znachit, rassuzhdayut oni, v skorom vremeni (desyatki tysyach let) ona mozhet prevratit'sya v chernuyu dyru. T.e. sistema mozhet yavlyat'sya praroditelem interesneishih (i eshe ne otkrytyh) sistem neitronnaya zvezda + chernaya dyra! obzor astro-ph/0404451 Mezhzvezdnaya turbulentnost': nablyudeniya i processy (Interstellar Turbulence I: Observations and Processes) Authors: Bruce G. Elmegreen, John Scalo Comments: 72 pages + 5 separate figures, submitted to Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics obzor astro-ph/0404452 Mezhzvezdnaya turbulentnost'. II.: prilozheniya i effekty (Interstellar Turbulence I: Observations and Processes) Authors: John Scalo, Bruce G. Elmegreen Comments: 46 pages + 2 separate figures, submitted to Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics Obzor v dvuh chastyah po mezhzvezdnoi turbulentnosti. Avtory podrobneishim obrazov razbirayut vse bazovyi problemy, svyazannye s turbulentnost'yu, vklyuchaya neplohoi obzor osnovnyh ponyatii (t.e. teorii). Konechno zhe privoditsya mnogo dannyh nablyudenii i podrobnaya bibliografiya. Pozhalui imenno etim obzor i cenen: izlozhenie osnov + bibliografiya. katalog astro-ph/0404453 Katalog nizkoenergichnyh gamma-istochnikov po dannym BATSE (The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Earth Occultation Catalog of Low-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources) Authors: B. A. Harmon et al. Comments: 64 pages, 17 figures, abstract abridged, Accepted by ApJS "BATSE umer, no arhivy ego zhivut". Primerno tak hochetsya skazat'.... V principe, kak horosho izvestno, pribor BATSE v pervuyu ochered' prednaznachalsya dlya issledovaniya gamma-vspleskov, a potomu rabotal v nizkoenergetichnoi chasti gamma-spektra (drugie pribory Observatorii im. Komptona rabotali v bolee zhestkih diapazonah). Uglovoe razreshenie BATSE bylo nebol'shim, poetomu kazalos' by neposredstvenno izuchat' otdel'nye istochniki (ne gamma-vspleski) zatrudnitel'no. Odnako, t.k. BATSE dal prakticheski 10-letnii odnorodnyi obzor neba, hochetsya hot' kak-to poluchit' informaciyu ob otdel'nyh istochnikah. Sdelat' eto mozhno dvumya sposobami. 1. Esli istochnik periodicheskii (rentgenovskii pul'sar), to mozhno vydelit' imenno etot signal. 2. Esli istochnik zatmevaetsya Zemlei, to mozhno takzhe vydelit' otdel'nyi signal. Imenno vtoroi sposob i ispol'zuetsya v dannoi rabote. Avtory predprinimali takuyu popytku i ran'she, no teper' oni ispol'zovali bolee prodvinutoe programmnoe obespechenie (chastichno razrabotannoe dlya obrabotki dannyh INTEGRALa) i bolee moshnye komp'yutery. V nachale avtory sostavili katalog 58 istochnikov. Zatem oni dobavili eshe 121 izvestnyi istochnik i popytalis' vytyanut' po nim iz dannyh BATSE kak mozhno bol'she informacii. Vytyanut' udalos' dlya 86 istochnikov (plyus eshe dlya 36 s men'shei uverennost'yu). Katalog vseh etih istochnikov i predstavlen v stat'e. astro-ph/0404456 Otkrytie kandidata v planetoidy vnutrennego oblaka Oorta (Discovery of a candidate inner Oort cloud planetoid) Authors: M.E.Brown, C.Trujillo, D.Rabinowitz Comments: 13 pages, 2 figures (9 photo) Rech' idet o maloi planete 2003 VB12, kotoruyu nazvali Sednoi. O nei uzhe mnogo pisalos' i govorilos'. Eto ob'ekt, dvizhushiisya po orbite s bol'shoi poluos'yu ravnoi 480+/-40 AE. V perigelii Sedna priblizhaetsya k Solncu na 76+/-4 AE. V stat'e malo illyustracii (gorazdo bol'she vy naidete po privedennym vyshe giperssylkam), no zato vpervye podrobno opisano, kakim obrazom ob'ekt byl otkryt. Oficial'naya versiya dannoi stat'i poyavitsya v "Astrophysical Joutnal Letters" tol'ko 10 avgusta. obzor astro-ph/0404457 Novye raschety potoka atmosfernyh neitrino po 3-mernoi sheme (A New calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux in a 3-dimensional scheme) Authors: M.Honda et al. Comments: 32 pages, 21 figures, subm. to Phys.Rev.D Avtory proveli povtornye raschety potokov atmosfernyh neitrino, na etot raz s ramkah trehmernoi geomagnitnoi modeli. Soglasno ih utverzhdeniyam tochnost' poluchennyh potokov luchshe chem 10% na energiyah nizhe 10 GeV. Podrobnoe opisanie prodelannoi raboty privelo k tomu, chto poluchilsya neplohoi obzor po ukazannomu voprosu. dissertaciya gr-qc/0404093 Kvazinormal'nye mody i gravitacionnoe izluchenie chernyh dyr (Quasinormal Modes and Gravitational Radiation in Black Hole Spacetimes) Authors: Vitor Cardoso Comments: PhD thesis, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 206 pages Kvazinormal'nymi modami nazyvayut dinamicheskie kolebaniya "poverhnosti" chernoi dyry. Podobnye kolebaniya voznikayut, naprimer, pri kollapse v chernuyu dyru tela s sil'no nesimmetrichnym raspredelenie massy. No kvazinormal'nye mody vyzyvayut izluchenie gravitacionnyh voln, bystro zatuhayut i chernaya dyra stanovitsya simmetrichnym staticheskim kollapsarom. Chto takoe kvazinormal'nye mody chernyh dyr, kakimi svoistvami oni obladayut i kak eto mozhet proyavlyat'sya v astrofizike, podrobneishim obrazom opisano v dannoi dissertacii. Kvazinormal'nye mody na poverhnosti chernoi dyry (risunok vzyat ne iz dannoi raboty) astro-ph/0404483 Pul'sarnyi kik i temnaya materiya v vide steril'nyh neitrino (Pulsar kicks and dark matter from a sterile neutrino) Authors: Alexander Kusenko Comments: 7 pages, 1 figure Pri svoem rozhdenii vnutri sverhnovyh bol'shinstvo pul'sarov (neitronnyh zvezd) ispytyvayut kik ("pinok"), pod deistviem kotorogo oni priobretayut skorosti dostigayushie soten kilometrov v sekundu. Mehanizm dannogo processa na segodnya ne yasen. Predlagalis' razlichnye modeli, v chastnosti, asimmetrichnoe ispuskanie neitrino. Vse ranee predlozhennye neitrinnye mehanizmy kika byli otvergnuty (iz-za slishkom nizkih skorostei). V dannoi zametke avtor pytaetsya vozrodit' takoi mehanizm, no dlya etogo trebuetsya predpolozhit' sushestvovanie steril'nyh neitrino s massami v intervale 1-20 keV. Zaodno iz takih chasticy mogla by sostoyat' nebarionnaya temnaya materiya (ne putat' s temnoi energiei - lyambda-chlenom). Ogranicheniya na parametry steril'nyh neitrino (massy i ugly smeshivaniya): chernaya oblast' zapreshena - v nei plotnost' neitrino vyshe 30% ot kriticheskoi plotnosti Vselennoi (t.e. bol'she, chem vsei temnoi materii). Oblasti, otmechennye ciframi "1" i "2", udovletvoryayut nablyudaemym parametram pul'sarov. Uzkaya zheltaya oblast' - dopustimye parametry v predpolozhenii, chto temnaya materiya sostoit tol'ko iz steril'nyh neitrin. astro-ph/0404485 Ierarhicheskoe formirovanie galaktik s uchetom vyduvaniya gaza sverhnovymi (Hierarchical Formation of Galaxies with Dynamical Response to Supernova-Induced Gas removal) Authors: Masahiro Nagashima, Yuzuru Yoshii Comments: 24 pages including 29 figures, accepted in ApJ Avtory postroili poluanaliticheskuyu model' ierarhicheskogo formirovaniya galaktik (kogda snachala obrazuyutsya "malen'kie" galaktiki, kotorye zatem slivayutsya v "bol'shie") i s ee pomosh'yu proveli povtornyi analiz imeyushihsya u nih dannyh. Dannyh bylo mnogo, v rezul'tate chego poluchilsya original'nyi i vpolne prilichnyi obzor dannogo napravleniya. astro-ph/0404496 Trehmernoe modelirovanie diskovoi akkrecii na magnitnyi dipol': II Goryachie pyatna i peremennost' (Three-dimensional Simulations of Disk Accretion to an Inclined Dipole: II. Hot Spots and Variability) Authors: Marina M. Romanova et al. Comments: 15 pages, 13 figures Iz rimskoi dvoiki v nazvanii stat'i vy mozhete ponyat', chto rech' idet o prodolzhenii cikla issledovanii, i eto deistvitel'no tak, pervaya ih chast' byla opublikovana v preprinte astro-ph/0401375. Naibolee interesnye novye vyvody avtorov takovy: veshestvo padaet na poverhnost' kompaktnoi zvezdy vblizi magnitnyh polyusov, no ne ravnomerno, a obrazuet dugoobraznye pyatna; temp akkrecii periodicheski izmenyaetsya (s chastotoi osevogo vrasheniya zvezdy). V lyubom sluchae uvazhaemym chitatelyam stoit obratitsya k samoi stat'e: zhelayushim razobrat'sya - chitat', a prosto interesuyushimsya - smotret'. Na stranice avtorov mozhno posmotret' fil'm, vypolnennyi po rezul'tatam ih raschetov. astro-ph/0404497 Antropnye ogranicheniya na energiyu vakuuma i massy neitrino (Anthropic predictions for vacuum energy and neutrino masses) Authors: Levon Pogosian, Alexander Vilenkin, Max Tegmark Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures Antropnyi princip glasit: "sushestvovanie vo Vselennoi takoi slozhnoi i hrupkoi fizicheskoi sistemy kak chelovek, a takzhe neobhodimyh dlya ego estestvennogo vozniknoveniya uslovii, nakladyvaet na svoistva okruzhayushego nas mira ochen' zhestkie ogranicheniya" (Formulirovka nasha). Teper' vernemsya k stat'e: v okruzhayushem nas mire nablyudaetsya horosho razvitaya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura (stenki/voidy, (sverh)skopleniya galaktik, prosto galaktiki - v odnoi iz kotoryh my i zhivem). No razvivat'sya takaya struktura mogla tol'ko v mire, gde plotnost' veshestva prevyshala plotnost' temnoi energii (Lyambda-chlena). Rost krupnomasshtabnoi struktury prakticheski ostanovilsya v poslednie neskol'ko milliardov let, a v budushem on budet eshe slabee. Takoi zhe effekt okazyvaet na rost struktury massa kosmologicheskih neitrino: esli summarnaya massa treh sortov neitrino budet prevyshat' 1-3 eV, nablyudaemaya krupnomasshtabnaya struktura prosto ne vozniknet. A teper' posmotrim prichem zdes' antropnyi princip: predpolozhim, chto plotnost' temnoi energii (znachenie Lyambda-chlena) i massy neitrino menyayutsya v razlichnyh chastyah Vselennoi. [Zdes' rech' idet ob ochen' udalennyh chastyah Vselennoi i ob ochen' medlennom izmenenii znacheniya ukazannyh velichin v prostranstve. Na masshtabah poryadka gorizonta nashego mira i dazhe na v neskol'ko poryadkov bOl'shih, ukazannye parametry ostayutsya postoyannymi.] Budem predpolagat', chto eti dva parametra menyayutsya sluchainym obrazom i nezavisimo drug ot druga. Kakova veroyatnost' poluchit' to sochetanie parametrov, kotoroe nablyudaetsya v nashei lokal'noi Vselennoi? Vot eto mozhno podschitat' s pomosh' antropnogo principa. My mozhem polozhit' veroyatnost' realizacii opredelennogo sochetaniya kosmologicheskih parametrov proporcional'noi chislu nablyudatelei, prisutstvuyushih v oblastyah vselennoi s takimi znacheniyami parametrov. Etu veroyatnost' mozhno predstavit', kak proizvedenie treh somnozhitelei: sobstvennogo ob'ema dannoi chasti Vselennoi (skorost' rasshireniya kotoroi i, sledovatel'no, ob'em zavisyat ot velichiny Lyambda-chlena i massy neitrino); kolichestva galaktik v edinice ob'ema (etot parametr zavisit ot skorosti rosta vozmushenii plotnosti); chisla nablyudatelei v kazhdoi galaktike. (Tochnee zdes' nado vychislyat' integral, tak kak galaktiki imeyut razlichnye massy.) Poslednii iz somnozhitelei avtory prosto polozhili proporcional'nym chislu zvezd v galaktike, t.e. ee masse. (Takim obrazom oni vybrosili osnovnuyu chast' ogranichenii, kotorye mozhno vyvesti sobstvenno iz sushestvovaniya cheloveka, no avtory ne biologi, a astrofiziki.) Pervye zhe dva chlena mozhno vychislit' teoreticheski, chto i bylo sdelano v stat'e. Vyvody: samoe horoshee soglasie s nablyudeniyami dostigaetsya pri nenulevyh massah neitrino (2-9 eV). astro-ph/0404508 Obnaruzhenie atomarnogo hlora v atmosfere Io (Detection of Atomic Chlorine in Io's Atmosphere with HST/GHRS) Authors: Lori M. Feaga et al. Comments: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted in ApJ Po nablyudeniyam s Habblovskogo kosmicheskogo teleskopa (s pomosh'yu spektrometra vysokogo razresheniya GHRS), provodivshimsya v 1994-96 gg. (arhivnye dannye), v atmosfere sputnika Yupitera Io obnaruzhen atomarnyi hlor (odnovremenno s kislorodom i okislami sery). Hlor zaregistrirovan po liniyam Cl I 1349A (razreshennaya) i Cl I] 1386A (zapreshennaya), prevyshayushih uroven' shumov v 6-10 raz. Zaregistrirovannaya koncentraciya atomov hlora primerno v 50 raz nizhe, chem atomov kisloroda. ideya astro-ph/0404510 Universal'nye ogranicheniya na vychisleniya (Universal Limits on Computation) Authors: L.M.Krauss, G.D.Starkman Comments: 3 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett V poslednie 10-15 let, odnovremenno s ochen' bystrym razvitiem komp'yuterov, regulyarno poyavlyayutsya raboty v kotoryh ukazyvayut na te ili inye principial'nye (bolee ili menee) ogranicheniya na komp'yuternye vychisleniya. V dannoi stat'e predlozheno eshe odno, prichem universal'noe i kosmologicheskoe. Kak stalo izvestno neskol'ko let nazad poslednie 2-3 milliarda let nasha Vselennaya rasshiryaetsya s uskoreniem. Po mere prodolzheniya takogo rasshireniya Vselennaya vse bol'she budet priblizhat'sya k miru de Sittera, v kotorom razmer gorizonta i postoyannaya Habbla ne menyayutsya so vremenem. Krome togo takaya Vselennaya budet zapolnena teplovym Hokingovskim izlucheniem, ishodyashim ot gorizonta, ego temperatura proporcional'na postoyannoi Habbla H (segodnya Vselennaya gorazdo goryachee): V rezul'tate poluchaetsya ochen' prostoe po smyslu ogranichenie: temperatura lyubogo komp'yutera ne mozhet byt' nizhe TH, togda dlya vypolneniya lyubogo elementarnogo deistviya (izmeneniya sostoyaniya 1-bitovoi yacheiki) potrebuetsya zatratit' energii (ili bol'she). Istochnikom energii mozhet sluzhit' tol'ko veshestvo, kotorogo na segodnyashnii moment vo Vselennoi okolo 30%. Esli vse eto veshestvo s maksimal'noi effektivnost'yu prevratit' v energiyu, a ee zatratit' na provedenie vychislenii, to udastsya obrabotat' sleduyushee kolichestvo informacii: astro-ph/0404514 Obrazovanie samogo relyativistskogo pul'sara PSR J0737-3039 (The Formation of the Most Relativistic Pulsar PSR J0737-3039) Authors: B.Willems et al. Comments: 6 pages, 7 figures Prodolzhayutsya teoreticheskie issledovaniya (dvazhdy) dvoinogo pul'sara PSR J0737-3039. Vyvody takovy: massa vtoroi predsverhnovoi, porodivshei molodoi sekundnyi pul'sar v etoi sisteme, lezhala v intervale ot 2.1 do 4.7 massy Solnca; radius predsverhnovoi mog byt' ot 1.2 do 1.7 radiusa Solnca; pul'sar ispytal kik ot 60 do 1660 km/s; napravlenie kika otklonyalos' ot osi vrasheniya zvezdy ne menee, chem na 25o. astro-ph/0404515 Vzryvy sverhnovyh, 511 keV-nye fotony, gamma-vspleski i zerkal'naya materiya (Supernova explosions, 511 keV photons, gamma ray bursts and mirror matter) Authors: R. Foot and Z. K. Silagadze Comments: about 9 pages Nekotorye sovremennye teorii elementarnyh chastic utverzhdayut, chto krome nashego mira, v kotorom vse tela sostoyat iz izvestnyh nam fotonov, protonov, elektronov i t.d. v etoi zhe samoi Vselennoi mozhet sushestvovat' eshe odin, takoi zhe po raznoobraziyu svoistv mir, postroennyi iz drugih chastic, kotorye nazyvayut "zerkal'nymi" (otsyuda "zerkal'noe veshestva" i "zerkal'naya vselennaya"). Nabor zerkal'nyh chastic i ih vzaimodeistviya mezhdu soboi mogut byt' takimi zhe (strogo ili priblizhenno) kak v nashem mire ili zhe mogut sovershenno ot nih otlichat'sya. Osnovnoi osobennost'yu zerkal'nyh chastic yavlyaetsya to, chto s normal'nym veshestvom oni vzaimodeistvuyut libo tol'ko gravitacionno, no eto ochen' zhestkoe ogranichenie, posle vvedeniya kotorogo ostaetsya sovsem malo interesnoi fiziki. Poetomu v poslednee vremya pri rassmotrenii zerkal'nyh teorii dopolnitel'no predpolagayut nalichie (slabogo) smeshivaniya obychnyh i zerkal'nyh chastic. Eto oznachaet, chto pri nekotoryh usloviyah zerkal'nye neitrino ili (kak v etoi stat'e) fotony mogut prevrashat'sya v sootvetstvuyushie obychnye chasticy i naoborot. Nikakoe drugoe vzaimodeistvie mezhdu obychnym i zerkal'nym veshestvom nevozmozhno (t.e. my ego ne mozhem dazhe napryamuyu uvidet'). Esli zerkal'noe veshestvo vo svoim (vnutrennim) svoistvam pohozhe na nashe, to iz nego budut obrazovyvat'sya galaktiki (zerkal'nye), v nih zvezdy, a massivnye zerkal'nye zvezdy budut zakanchivat' svoyu evolyuciyu vzryvami sverhnovyh (v zerkal'nom mire). Prichem obychnye i zerkal'nye galaktiki budut skoree vsego sovpadat' (oba sorta veshestva budut raspolozheny v obshei gravitacionnoi potencial'noi yame), a otdel'nye zvezdy - raspolagayutsya nezavisimym obrazom. Pri vzryve zerkal'noi sverhnovoi vydelyaetsya potok energii, v osnovnom v neitrino i fotonah. Chast' etih zerkal'nyh fotonov mozhet prevratit'sya v obychnye. A voznikayushaya "na pustom meste" sverhmoshnaya vspyshka izlucheniya mozhet ob'yasnit' nekotorye nablyudaemye v kosmose interesnye fenomeny. Avtory stat'i privodyat tri takih yavleniya: "Velikii Annigillyator" - istochnik pozitronov v centre Galaktiki, nablyudaemyi po annigilyacionnoi linii 511 keV; gamma-vspleski i sverhnovye. A voobshe stat'ya ochen' prostaya i prozrachnaya. astro-ph/0404526 Gravitacionnoe linzirovanie chernymi dyrami: sluchai zvezdy S2 (Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes: a comprehensive treatment and the case of the star S2) Authors: V. Bozza L. Mancini Comments: 25 pages, 7 figures, accepted by ApJ Ocherednoi "lavrovyi venok" dostaetsya zvezde S2: samoi blizkoi k central'noi chernoi dyre Mlechnogo Puti (iz izvestnyh nam). Na eto raz delo svyazano s gravitacionnym linzirovaniem na chernoi dyre. Po ocenkam avtorov stat'i ono budet dostatochno zametnym: i kogda zvezda nahoditsya dal'she, chem chernaya dyra, t.e. v "obychnom" rezhime gravitacionnogo linzirovaniya, i kogda zvezda nahoditsya pered chernoi dyroi, no my vse ravno vidim ee izobrazhenie na luche, obognuvshem chernuyu dyru (tak nazyvaemyi retro-lensing). Sluchai pronablyudat' takoe sobytie predstavitsya v nachale 2018 goda, pri sleduyushem prohozhdenii periastra orbity. Bolee togo, esli vse slozhitsya horosho, to my smozhem pri etom izmerit' massu i distanciyu do chernoi dyry (ochen' tochno), a esli povezet, to i vrashenie chernoi dyry. Poyasnenie k risunku: vozle chernoi dyry obrazuyutsya dva semeistva izobrazhenii zvezdy - chetnye i nechetnye. Nulevym izobrazheniem (pervym chlenom chetnogo semeistva) yavlyaetsya sama zvezda, ee pryamoe izobrazhenie. Pervoe nechetnoe izobrazhenie raspolozheno po druguyu storonu ot chernoi dyry - luchi dayushie eto izobrazhenie sdelali primerno pol oborota pod deistviem gravitacii chernoi dyry. Vtoroe chetnoe izobrazhenie raspolozheno s toi zhe storony, chto i zvezda, no gorazdo blizhe k chernoi dyre. Luchi, obrazuyushie eto izobrazhenie, sdelali prochti celyi oborot. Tret'e nechetnoe izobrazhenie raspolozheno po druguyu storonu ot zvezdy: mezhdu chernoi dyroi i pervym nechetnym izobrazheniem. Ego sozdayut luchi, sovershivshie primerno poltora oborota. Vnutri kazhdogo semeistva svet sozdayushii sleduyushee izobrazhenie delaet na odin oborot vokrug chernoi dyry bol'she, chemu predydushego, poetomu izobrazheniya bolee vysokih poryadkov okazyvayutsya raspolozhennymi vse blizhe k chernoi dyre (tochnee k ee gorizontu) i vse bolee slabymi. oproverzhenie astro-ph/0404536 Relyativistskie effekty v "krugah-na-nebe" iz-za dvizheniya Galaktiki (Relativistic Effects of our Galaxy's Motion on Circles-in-the-sky) Authors: M.O.Calvao et al. Comments: 6 pages, 6 figures Ochen' krasivaya model' dodekaedral'noi Vselennoi so slozhnoi topologiei (mozhet byt' slishkom krasivaya, dlya togo chtoby byt' vernoi), predlozhennaya dlya ob'yasneniya nekotoryh svoistv anizotropii reliktovogo izlucheniya, obnaruzhennyh v eksperimente WMAP, predskazyvaet sushestvovanie "krugov-na-nebesnoi-sfere", v kotoryh temperatura relikta vedet sebya odinakovym obrazom. Krugi-na-nebe s sovpadayushim povedeniem anizotropii relikta (risunok iz raboty astro-ph/9801212) Eti krugi iskali, no ne nashli (sm. astro-ph/0310233). Odnako ideya slishkom horosha, chtoby otkazyvat'sya ot nee tak prosto: v rabote astro-ph/0403036 bylo sdelano utverzhdenie, chto iz-za dvizheniya Zemli (i Solnca, i Galaktiki) otnositel'no reliktovogo izlucheniya (so skorost'yu primerno 1000 km/s) krugi prevrashayutsya v ellipsy, iz-za chego oni i ne byli obnaruzheny. ⇒ Tak vot: po-vidimomu, eta rabota ne verna. Bolee tshatel'noe rassmotrenie, prodelannoe v dannoi stat'e, pokazalo, chto forma krugov ne izmenitsya (oni ostanutsya pravil'nymi krugami), no zato ot dvizheniya Galaktiki zavisyat ih razmery i polozheniya centrov na nebe. To est', ne smotrya na oshibku, obshii vyvod stat'i astro-ph/0403036 ne izmenitsya: krugi mogli ne naiti iz-za ukazannyh iskazhenii. I u gipotezy dodekaedral'noi Vselennoi eshe est' shans vyzhit'. miniobzor astro-ph/0404546 Inflyaciya (Inflation) Authors: Alan H. Guth Comments: 22 pages, 4 figures Nebol'shoi obzor po inflyacionnoi kosmologii. Ego glavnaya osobennost' v tom, chto on napisan Alanom Gusom - odnim iz "otcov-osnovatelei" Inflyacii. astro-ph/0404547 Dinamicheskaya model' dvizheniya Tumannosti Andromedy M31 i proishozhdenie lokal'noi gruppy galaktik (A Dynamical Model for the Orbit of the Andromeda Galaxy M31 and the Origin of the Local Group of Galaxies) Authors: T. Sawa, M. Fujimoto Comments: 21 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, submitted to A&A Avtory postroili model' dvizheniya Mlechnogo Puti, Tumannosti Andromedy, a takzhe Bol'shogo i Malogo Magellanovyh Oblakov drug vokrug druga. V dannoi modeli uchityvaetsya kak gravitaciya, tak i gidrodinamicheskoe vzaimodeistvie galaktik. Rezul'tatom okazalis' traektorii ih dvizheniya v "poslednie" 10 milliardov let. Traektorii dvizheniya blizhaishih galaktik i mesta ih vozniknoveniya !!! gr-qc/0404102 Ponimanie kvantovoi teorii v geometricheskih terminah (Understanding Quantum Theory in Terms of Geometry) Authors: Fatimah Shojai, Ali Shojai Comments: 88 Pages, 6 figures Avtory zayavlyayut, chto im uspeshno udalos' realizovat' geometricheskii podhod k Kvantovoi Mehanike. Ran'she, posledovatel'no i do konca, etot podhod byl realizovan tol'ko v Obshei Teorii Otnositel'nosti. Vozmozhno teper' poyavyatsya novye vozmozhnosti dlya sozdaniya davno ozhidaemoi teorii - kvantovoi gravitacii. obzor hep-ph/0404239 Kosmologicheskie neitrino (Cosmological neutrinos) Authors: Steen Hannestad Comments: 21 pages, 4 figures V obzore rassmotreno sovremennoe sostoyanie neitrinnoi kosmologii: ot momenta otsoedineniya neitrino ot veshestva i sushestvovaniya steril'nyh neitrino, do effektov, proyavlyayushihsya v krupnomasshtabnoi strukture i reliktovom izluchenii. Osoboe vnimanie avtor udelyaet "izmereniyu mass" neitrino po kosmologicheskim dannym. astro-ph/0404569 Geometriya dvuhpul'sarnoi sistemy J0737-3039 po sistematicheskim izmeneniyam intensivnosti izlucheniya (The geometry of the double-pulsar system J0737-3039 from systematic intensity variations) Authors: F.A. Jenet, S.M. Ransom Comments: 12 pages, 3 figures Eshe odna model', ob'yasnyayushaya pochemu obychnyi (ne millisekundnyi) pul'sar (komponent "B") v etoi sisteme registriruetsya tol'ko na opredelennyh orbital'nyh fazah. V ih modeli izluchenie komponenta "B" usilivaetsya, kogda ego magnitosfera obluchaetsya komponentom "A". Takaya model' nalagaet opredelennye ogranicheniya na orientaciyu osi vrasheniya i diagrammu napravlennosti millisekundnogo pul'sara ("A"). Eta zhe model' predskazyvaet opredelennuyu evolyuciyu profilya millisekundnogo pul'sara, a takzhe tot fakt, chto iz-za geodezicheskoi precessii vsego cherez 15-20 let ego luch perestanet popadat' na Zemlyu. Stat'ya opublikovana v zhurnale Nature 428, 919 (2004). My budem starat'sya hotya by perechislit' interesnye (dlya shirokoi publiki) stat'i, poyavivshiesya v razdele physics (vklyuchaya cross-listing). physics/0404085 Ya kot, kotoryi gulyaet sam po sebe (I am the cat who walks by himself) Authors: Asher Peres Comments: 14 pages, To be published in a special volume of "Foundations of Physics" honoring the 70th birthday of the author Avtobiograficheskaya zametka, napisannaya izvestnym fizikom v ochen' interesnoi neformal'noi forme po sluchayu ego zhe semidesyatiletiya. physics/0404089 Dinamika hod'by (Dynamics of Human Walking) Authors: Valery B. Kokshenev Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures Fenomen chelovecheskogo pryamohozhdeniya rassmatrivaetsya s fizicheskoi tochki zreniya. Vernut'sya k nachalu stranicy

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