Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 17 po 23 iyulya 2006 goda.15.07.2006 22:57 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Zvezdnoe nebo tret'ei nedeli iyulya harakterno prekrashayushimisya astronomicheskimi sumerkami v srednei polose Rossii i ubyvayushei Lunoi. Vechernii nebosvod primechatelen tremya yarkimi svetilami. Eto - Yupiter, Arktur i Vega. Vega (sozvezdie Liry) vidna pryamo nad golovoi, Arktur (sozvezdie Volopasa) siyaet vysoko nad yugo-zapadnoi chast'yu gorizonta, a planeta-gigant Yupiter (samaya yarkaya iz vseh svetil vechernego neba) ukrashaet nebo nizko u yugo-zapadnogo gorizonta (v sozvezdii Vesov). Nachinayushie lyubiteli astronomii mogut sputat' eti tri svetila s letne-osennim treugol'nikom, no Arktur i Yupiter, ne vhodyat v nego. Etot nebesnyi treugol'nik celikom sostoit iz zvezd, kuda, krome Vegi, vhodyat Al'tair (sozvezdie Orla) i Deneb (sozvezdie Lebedya). Viden on v vostochnoi chasti nebosvoda. Mars bystro peremeshaetsya pryamym dvizheniem po nebosvodu, pytayas' ubezhat' ot Solnca, no dnevnoe svetilo nagonyaet ego, i zastavlyaet pogruzhat'sya vse glubzhe v fatu vechernei zari. Na etoi nedele Mars mozhno budet naiti tol'ko s pomosh'yu binoklya, i to nenadolgo. Merkurii, nakonec, dostignet tochki nizhnego soedineniya, proidya v 5 gradusah yuzhnee Solnca. V etot period diametr planety maksimalen, no blesk ochen' mal, t.k. nablyudaetsya tenevaya storona planety, a iz-za blizosti k Solncu planetu mozhno obnaruzhit' razve chto pri pomoshi kosmicheskogo teleskopa SOHO. Zato dlya nablyudenii malyh planet na etoi nedele budut sozdany vse usloviya. Blagodarya temnomu bezlunnomu nebu, v teleskop mozhno budet legko naiti 7 malyh planet s bleskom do 10m. 8-ya malaya planeta - Vesta - trudna dlya poiskov, t.k. vidna na fone vechernei zari. Luchshie usloviya dlya ee nablyudenii - v yuzhnyh raionah strany. Po utram v vostochnoi chasti nebosvoda nizko nad gorizontom nevooruzhennym glazom mozhno naiti Veneru - samuyu yarkuyu planetu. Naibol'shaya prodolzhitel'nost' vidimosti sredi planet u Urana (sozvezdie Vodoleya) i Neptuna (sozvezdie Kozeroga). Oni vidny vsyu noch', i ih legko mozhno otyskat' v binokl', ispol'zuya zvezdnye karty iz Astronomicheskogo kalendarya na 2006 god. Pri maksimal'no temnom nebe Uran mozhno otyskat' nevooruzhennym glazom. Orientirom posluzhit zvezda lyambda Vodoleya. V yuzhnyh shirotah naiti Uran nevooruzhennym glazom budet gorazdo legche. Zapechatlet' ego na fotoplenke tozhe ne sostavit osobogo truda. Luna v techenie nedeli proidet po sozvezdiyam Ryb, Ovna, Tel'ca i Bliznecov, skryvayas' k koncu nedeli v luchah utrennei zari. Ubyvayushaya Luna pokroet dve slabyh zvezdy, no vvidu maloi fazy nochnogo svetila, nablyudat' eti pokrytiya budet dostatochno interesno i polezno. Osobenno effektnym budet pokrytie 21 iyulya pri faze Luny 0,18, kogda za svetlym kraem lunnogo diska skroetsya zvezda hi Tel'ca, vidimaya nevooruzhennym glazom. Otkrytie proizoidet na temnom krayu Luny, a prodolzhitel'nost' vsego pokrytiya sostavit okolo chasa. Polosa pokrytiya ohvatit pochti vsyu Rossiyu, no, estestvenno, vidimost' yavleniya budet luchshei v teh raionah, gde nebo budet dostatochno temnym, t.e. v Evropeiskoi chasti Rossii. Iz neupomyanutyh bol'shih sozvezdii nizko nad yugo-zapadnym gorizontom viden Skorpion, a vyshe i levee ego nahodyatsya neyarkie, no vnushitel'nye sozvezdiya: Zmeenosec, Gerkules i Pegas. U yuzhnogo gorizonta viden Strelec. Severnuyu chast' neba zanimayut nezahodyashie polyarnye sozvezdiya. Tri dolgoperiodicheskie peremennye zvezdy dostignut maksimuma bleska. Eto RS Vesov, Y Drakona i RS Gerkulesa, prichem vtoraya iz nih budet vidna na predele nevooruzhennym glazom. Vremya sumerek, po-prezhnemu, blagopriyatno dlya nablyudenii serebristyh oblakov v srednih shirotah, kotorye vidny na fone sumerechnogo segmenta. Prodolzhaetsya deistvie meteornyh potokov Perseidy i Kassiopeidy, a v konce nedeli k nim prisoedinyatsya eshe dva: severnye i yuzhnye Del'ta-Akvaridy iz sozvezdiya Vodoleya. Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavit 54 gradusa. V tablice privodyatsya momenty nachala i konca grazhdanskih (Grzh.) i navigacionnyh (Nav.) sumerek, a tak zhe voshod, zahod Solnca i dolgota dnya dlya Moskvy. Vremya letnee.
data Nav. Grzh. Voshod Zahod Grzh. Noch' Dol.dnya 17 02:33 04:01 05:08 22:01 23:08 00:38 16:52 18 02:38 04:03 05:10 22:00 23:06 00:33 16:49 19 02:43 04:05 05:11 21:58 23:04 00:28 16:46 20 02:47 04:08 05:13 21:57 23:01 00:24 16:43 21 02:52 04:10 05:15 21:55 22:59 00:20 16:40 22 02:56 04:12 05:16 21:54 22:57 00:15 16:37 23 03:00 04:14 05:18 21:52 22:55 00:11 16:34
Vidimyi diametr Solnca sostavlyaet 31 minutu 29 sekund. Dnevnoe svetilo nahoditsya v sozvezdii Bliznecov, a 21 iyulya perehodit v sozvezdie Raka.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu poslednei chetverti 17 iyulya. V tablice ukazany momenty voshoda, verhnei kul'minacii, zahoda, vysota verhnei kul'minacii, faza, radius i ekvatorial'nye koordinaty Luny na moment verhnei kul'minacii dlya Moskvy. Vremya letnee.
data Vosh VK Zahod VKg. faza radius koordinaty (VK) 17 - 06:44 13:54 +41o 0,58 16'08" 00:54,5 +06o48' 18 00:06 07:33 15:26 +48o 0,46 15'59" 01:47,3 +13o20' 19 00:15 08:24 17:00 +53o 0,35 15'50" 02:42,0 +19o02' 20 00:28 09:17 18:32 +58o 0,25 15'41" 03:39,2 +23o34' 21 00:48 10:12 19:56 +61o 0,16 15'32" 04:38,8 +26o37' 22 01:21 11:09 21:02 +62o 0,09 15'23" 05:39,7 +28o00' 23 02:14 12:05 21:45 +62o 0,04 15'14" 06:40,2 +27o40'
Na etoi nedele Luna 22 iyulya pri ubyvayushei faze 0,05 proidet v 5,6 gr. severnee Venery.
Merkurii. Planeta ne vidna, t.k. nahoditsya v nizhnem soedinenii s Solncem. Vsyu nedelyu Merkurii nahoditsya v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Blesk ego v etot period minimalen (+5,0m), a diametr - maksimalen (12 uglovyh sekund). Faza planety blizka k 0.
Venera. Na etoi nedele put' planety sredi zvezd budet ves'ma interesen. Utrom 17 iyulya Venera budet nahodit'sya v 3 gradusah k vostoku ot zvezdy 3-i zv.velichiny dzeta Tel'ca, a s 17 po 19 iyulya peresechet severnuyu chast' sozvezdiya Oriona. 21 iyulya planeta proidet v polutora gradusah yuzhnee krasivogo rasseyannogo zvezdnogo skopleniya M35 v sozvezdii Bliznecov, 22 iyulya sblizitsya do 20 uglovyh minut so zvezdoi eta Bliznecov, a pod konec nedeli okazhetsya v 20 uglovyh minutah severnee myu Bliznecov. Uglovoe rasstoyanie planety ot Solnca sokrashaetsya, i k koncu nedeli primet znachenie 25 gradusov. Nablyudat' Veneru mozhno na fone utrennei zari nad vostochnym gorizontom v vide yarkoi zvezdy. Nevooruzhennym glazom ona vidna v techenie chasa. Blesk planety dostigaet -3,8m, a diametr - 11 uglovyh sekund. V teleskop ona vyglyadit nebol'shim yarkim diskom bez detalei s fazoi 0,9. Apparat Venera-Ekspress vyshel na okonchatel'nuyu rabochuyu orbitu, i izuchaet Veneru vo vseh podrobnostyah.
Mars. Planeta nahoditsya v sozvezdii L'va, a k koncu nedeli sblizitsya s samoi yarkoi zvezdoi etogo sozvezdiya - Regulom -do 40 uglovyh minut, chto sostavlyaet okolo polutora vidimyh diametrov Luny. K etomu vremeni otyskat' Mars mozhno budet lish' v binokl' nizko nad zapadnym gorizontom v luchah vechernei zari. Blesk ego sostavlyaet +1,8m, a diametr - okolo 4 uglovyh sekund. V nebol'shoi teleskop planeta predstavlyaet iz sebya krohotnuyu oranzhevuyu goroshinku bez detalei.
Yupiter. Yupiter yavlyaetsya edinstvennoi, horosho vidimoi, vechernei planetoi. Ego mozhno nablyudat' v sozvezdii Vesov nevysoko nad yugo-zapadnym gorizontom (mezhdu zvezdami kappa Devy i al'fa Vesov). Blesk gazovogo giganta sostavlyaet -2,0m, a vidimyi diametr - 38 uglovyh sekund. Nablyudat' ego mozhno v techenie polutora chasov. Nevysokoe polozhenie nad gorizontom uhudshaet ego vidimost' v teleskop, tem ne menee, na poverhnosti Yupitera mozhno nablyudat' mnogochislennye detali i Bol'shoe Krasnoe Pyatno. V sisteme sputnikov proishodyat yavleniya (zatmeniya, prohozhdeniya i t.p.), momenty vremeni kotoryh imeyutsya v KN na iyul'.
Saturn. Planeta ne vidna, t.k. nahoditsya v sozvezdii Raka bliz Solnca, skryvayas' v luchah vechernei zari. Blesk Saturna sostavlyaet +0,5m, a vidimyi diametr raven 17 uglovym sekundam.
Uran. Vidimost' planety (m=+6,0, d= 3,6 ugl. sek.) uluchshaetsya, i k koncu nedeli ee mozhno budet nablyudat' vsyu noch' (v sozvezdii Vodoleya) v 25 gradusah vostochnee Neptuna i v 2,5 gradusah vostochnee zvezdy lyambda Vodoleya. V teleskop s uvelicheniem 80-100 krat razlichim zelenovatyi disk Urana, lezhashego na boku. Zorkie lyudi mogut razlichit' Uran i nevooruzhennym glazom, i na etoi nedele budut samye blagopriyatnye usloviya dlya takih poiskov.
Neptun. Planeta (m=+7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) nablyudaetsya vsyu noch' v yuzhnoi chasti neba (v polutora gradusah severnee zvezdy iota Kozeroga). Golubovatyi disk Neptuna razlichim pri uvelicheniyah 120-130 krat.
Pluton. Planeta (+14m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Zmei okolo zvezdy ksi etogo sozvezdiya. Nablyudat' Pluton mozhno v nochnoe vremya v yuzhnoi chasti nebosvoda v teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva 250 mm (pri prozrachnom nebe) i vyshe. No, vvidu eshe svetlogo neba v srednih shirotah, nablyudeniya planety luchshe vsego provodit' v yuzhnyh raionah strany.
Asteroidy. Na etoi nedele lyubiteli astronomii smogut nablyudat' 8 asteroidov do 10m.
1 Cerera (m=7,5) - v sozvezdii Yuzhnoi Ryby, 6 Geba (m=8,0) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya, 2 Pallada (m=9,1) - v sozvezdii Gerkulesa, 4 Vesta (m=7,9) - v sozvezdii L'va, 7 Iris (m=9,0) - v sozvezdii Ovna, 10 Gigeiya (m=9,2) - v sozvezdii Strel'ca, 15 Evnomiya (m=8,3) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya i 532 Gerkulina (m=9,9) - v sozvezdii Zmeenosca.
Komety. Iz komet do 11-12 zv.velichiny na nebosvode Rossii na etoi nedele budut nahodit'sya dve komety: P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (73P) (v sozvezdii Kita) i P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (41P) (v sozvezdii Devy). Eti komety mozhno popytat'sya naiti v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 150 mm. Ubyvayushaya Luna ne pomeshaet nablyudeniyam, no P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak (41P) nahoditsya v neblagopriyatnom dlya nablyudenii uchastke vechernego neba (nizko nad gorizontom).
Otkryta novaya kometa SWAN (C/2006 M4), kotoraya po predvaritel'nym raschetam dostignet bleska 8m, t.e. budet dostupna samym skromnym sredstvam nablyudenii. Seichas kometa nahoditsya v sozvezdii Gidry, imeya blesk 12,2m. Na dannyi moment, vidimost' ee na territorii Rossii neudovletvoritel'na iz-za blizosti s Solncem (30 gradusov k vostoku) i malogo skloneniya. Tem ne menee, kometa yarchaet i podnimaetsya v severnoe polusharie neba, chto ves'ma blagopriyatno dlya dal'neishih nablyudenii s territorii Rossii. Kometa proidet perigelii 28 sentyabrya, i budet vidna v lyubitel'skie teleskopy do konca goda. Pochti za polgoda s momenta otkrytiya SWAN (C/2006 M4) proidet po sozvezdiyam Gidry, L'va, B.Medvedicy, Volos Veroniki, Gonchih Psov, Volopasa, Severnoi Korony, Gerkulesa i Orla. Do dekabrya mesyaca blesk komety budet prevyshat' 12m. Nailuchshaya vidimost' ee nastupit v nachale oktyabrya, kogda kometa dostignet naibol'shei yarkosti 8m. V eto vremya kometa budet nahodit'sya v sozvezdii Gonchih Psov, hotya i dostatochno nizko nad severo-zapadnym gorizontom.
SWAN (C/2006 M4) mag 12.2
Perihelion distance 0.7891200 AU
Elementy orbity:
Eccentricity 1.0000000
Inclination of orbit 111.8150000 degrees
Argument of perihelion 62.2600000 degrees
Long. ascending node 148.7020000 degrees
Date of perihelion JD 2454007.42000 (28 Sep 2006 22:04:48.0)
Efemeridy komety SWAN (C/2006 M4) do konca goda
Date RA declination r delta mag Elong Speed PA Con.
16 Jul 2006 09h10m20.59s -00 38' 36.5" 1.552 2.330 12.2 31.1 69.59 40.9 Hya
20 Jul 2006 09h15m16.40s +00 45' 02.2" 1.497 2.320 12.1 27.7 70.10 42.1 Hya
24 Jul 2006 09h20m21.57s +02 07' 54.9" 1.443 2.306 11.9 24.3 70.85 43.2 Hya
28 Jul 2006 09h25m36.52s +03 30' 28.7" 1.388 2.288 11.7 21.0 71.87 44.2 Hya
1 Aug 2006 09h31m01.87s +04 53' 13.3" 1.334 2.267 11.5 17.5 73.20 44.9 Hya
5 Aug 2006 09h36m38.56s +06 16' 40.1" 1.281 2.240 11.3 14.1 74.87 45.6 Hya
9 Aug 2006 09h42m27.94s +07 41' 22.2" 1.228 2.209 11.1 10.7 76.94 46.1 Leo
13 Aug 2006 09h48m31.91s +09 07' 53.5" 1.176 2.174 10.9 7.3 79.47 46.5 Leo
17 Aug 2006 09h54m52.97s +10 36' 49.5" 1.125 2.133 10.7 3.8 82.54 46.9 Leo
21 Aug 2006 10h01m34.27s +12 08' 47.8" 1.076 2.087 10.4 0.5 86.22 47.3 Leo
25 Aug 2006 10h08m39.81s +13 44' 28.4" 1.028 2.036 10.2 3.2 90.63 47.7 Leo
29 Aug 2006 10h16m14.78s +15 24' 32.6" 0.983 1.979 9.9 6.7 95.90 48.2 Leo
2 Sep 2006 10h24m26.07s +17 09' 40.9" 0.941 1.917 9.7 10.2 102.20 48.9 Leo
6 Sep 2006 10h33m22.79s +19 00' 29.8" 0.903 1.849 9.4 13.8 109.74 49.7 Leo
10 Sep 2006 10h43m17.05s +20 57' 28.0" 0.869 1.776 9.1 17.4 118.77 50.9 Leo
14 Sep 2006 10h54m24.80s +23 00' 51.1" 0.840 1.698 8.9 20.9 129.63 52.5 Leo
18 Sep 2006 11h07m06.80s +25 10' 34.7" 0.817 1.616 8.7 24.5 142.67 54.6 Leo
22 Sep 2006 11h21m49.84s +27 26' 00.7" 0.800 1.531 8.5 28.1 158.35 57.2 Leo
26 Sep 2006 11h39m08.07s +29 45' 34.6" 0.791 1.444 8.3 31.7 177.13 60.4 UMa
30 Sep 2006 11h59m43.79s +32 06' 09.6" 0.789 1.356 8.1 35.2 199.42 64.2 UMa
4 Oct 2006 12h24m26.25s +34 22' 13.0" 0.795 1.272 8.0 38.7 225.39 68.8 CVn
8 Oct 2006 12h54m05.73s +36 24' 35.8" 0.808 1.193 8.0 42.1 254.62 74.3 CVn
12 Oct 2006 13h29m18.18s +37 59' 35.7" 0.828 1.123 7.9 45.5 285.61 80.6 CVn
16 Oct 2006 14h09m57.25s +38 49' 24.8" 0.855 1.067 8.0 48.8 315.31 87.8 Boo
20 Oct 2006 14h54m42.96s +38 35' 58.4" 0.886 1.026 8.0 52.0 339.14 95.4 Boo
24 Oct 2006 15h40m56.84s +37 08' 30.3" 0.923 1.006 8.2 54.9 352.07 102.9 CrB
28 Oct 2006 16h25m29.18s +34 30' 46.5" 0.963 1.007 8.4 57.6 350.74 109.7 Her
1 Nov 2006 17h05m51.78s +31 01' 10.9" 1.007 1.029 8.6 59.7 335.31 115.2 Her
5 Nov 2006 17h40m56.82s +27 04' 56.3" 1.053 1.072 8.9 61.3 309.36 119.3 Her
9 Nov 2006 18h10m45.21s +23 04' 54.9" 1.102 1.132 9.2 62.1 277.96 122.2 Her
13 Nov 2006 18h35m54.45s +19 16' 50.1" 1.152 1.206 9.5 62.4 245.59 123.9 Her
17 Nov 2006 18h57m12.69s +15 49' 03.7" 1.204 1.292 9.9 62.0 215.16 124.8 Her
21 Nov 2006 19h15m25.42s +12 44' 33.8" 1.256 1.386 10.2 61.2 188.09 125.1 Aql
25 Nov 2006 19h31m10.84s +10 03' 06.8" 1.309 1.486 10.5 60.0 164.81 124.8 Aql
29 Nov 2006 19h44m59.29s +07 42' 54.0" 1.363 1.591 10.9 58.4 145.15 124.2 Aql
3 Dec 2006 19h57m14.41s +05 41' 30.5" 1.417 1.698 11.2 56.5 128.71 123.2 Aql
7 Dec 2006 20h08m14.57s +03 56' 28.0" 1.472 1.807 11.5 54.5 115.04 122.0 Aql
11 Dec 2006 20h18m14.06s +02 25' 30.3" 1.527 1.917 11.8 52.2 103.67 120.7 Aql
15 Dec 2006 20h27m24.00s +01 06' 38.2" 1.581 2.026 12.0 49.8 94.18 119.1 Aql
19 Dec 2006 20h35m52.98s -00 01' 50.7" 1.636 2.134 12.3 47.3 86.24 117.5 Aql
23 Dec 2006 20h43m47.69s -01 01' 24.2" 1.691 2.241 12.5 44.7 79.55 115.8 Aqr
27 Dec 2006 20h51m13.33s -01 53' 17.3" 1.745 2.346 12.8 42.1 73.87 114.1 Aqr
31 Dec 2006 20h58m14.03s -02 38' 34.0" 1.800 2.449 13.0 39.3 69.03 112.5 Aqr
Date - den', mesyac i god, RA - pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, declination - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca, delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli, mag - zvezdnaya velichina, Elong elongaciya, Speed - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), PA - ugol napravleniya dvizheniya komety, Con. - sozvezdie.
Karty vidimosti i efemeridy planet, komet i asteroidov mozhno naiti v KN na iyul' i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2006 god.
Osnovnye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya moskovskoe. Esli privoditsya vsemirnoe vremya (UT), to eto ukazyvaetsya v yavlenii. Ob ostal'nyh yavleniyah mesyaca mozhno uznat' iz KN na iyul', a o yavleniyah goda - iz Astronomicheskogo kalendarya na 2006 god.
17 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov. 17 iyulya, noch' - Maksimum bleska dolgoperiodicheskoi peremennoi zvezdy Y Drakona (6,2m). 17 iyulya, 23 chasa 12 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti v sozvezdii Ryb. 18 iyulya, 08 chasov 02 minuty - Merkurii v nizhnem soedinenii s Solncem. 19 iyulya, 02 chasa 13 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F=0,38 -) zvezdy 27 Ovna (6,2m). 20 iyulya, noch' - Maksimum bleska dolgoperiodicheskoi peremennoi zvezdy RS Gerkulesa (7,0m). 21 iyulya, 02 chasa 21 minuta - Pokrytie Lunoi (F=0,18 -) zvezdy hi Tel'ca (5,4m). 22 iyulya, vecher - Mars v 0,64 gr. severnee Regula (al'fa L'va). 23 iyulya, utro - Luna (F=0,05-) bliz Venery.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
Vid yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 20 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Dany polozheniya Urana, Neptuna i Plutona.
Vid yugo-zapadnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 20 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Yupitera v teleskop.
Vid vostochnoi chasti utrennego neba za poltora chasa do voshoda Solnca 20 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Venery v teleskop. Polozheniya ubyvayushei Luny pokazany s 17 po 23 iyulya
Na vseh risunkah dlya gorodov severnee i yuzhnee Moskvy nebesnye tela budut raspolagat'sya v ukazannoe vremya, sootvetstvenno, neskol'ko nizhe i vyshe (na raznicu shirot) otnositel'no ih mest na nebosvode Moskvy. Polozheniya planet na risunkah priblizitel'no odinakovy v techenie vsei nedeli v ukazannoe vremya.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N7 za 2006 god, AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 i AK 4.06
|
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
nablyudeniya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya
Publikacii so slovami: nablyudeniya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya | |
Sm. takzhe:
Vse publikacii na tu zhe temu >> | |
