Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 15 po 21 oktyabrya 2018 goda30.09.2018 10:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 15 oktyabrya Luna (F= 0,35+) proidet bliz Saturna v maksimal'nom sklonenii k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a na sleduyushii den' primet fazu pervoi chetverti. 17 oktyabrya nochnoe svetilo pri faze 0,6+ dostignet nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity bliz apogeya svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404230 km ot centra Zemli, a na sleduyushii den' pri faze 0,66+ proidet bliz Marsa. V konce nedeli Luna (F= 0,87+) proidet bliz Neptuna, a meteornyi potok Orionidy (ZHR= 15) dostignet maksimuma deistviya. Krome etogo, kometa P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) v nachale nedeli sblizhaetsya s Siriusom do 7 gradusov.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 23 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 10 chasov 00 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 32,14 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Devy. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 16 oktyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,35+ do 0,9+ i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Strel'ca i sovershit po nemu pochti trehdnevnoe puteshestvie, proidya v nachale etogo puti pri faze 0,35+ severnee Saturna (bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora). V etom sozvezdii Luna 16 oktyabrya primet fazu pervoi chetverti, a v sozvezdie Kozeroga voidet uzhe 17 oktyabrya pri faze 0,55+, proidya na sleduyushii den' severnee Marsa (F= 0,66+) bliz nishodyashego uzla i apogeya svoei orbity. V sozvezdie Vodoleya yarkaya Luna (F= 0,75+) pereidet 19 oktyabrya, a na sleduyushii den' pri faze 0,86+ proidet yuzhnee Neptuna. 22 oktyabrya nochnoe svetilo posetit sozvezdie Ryb. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari, Venera ne vidna, a Mars, Saturn i Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy. Uran i Neptun vidny vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103. Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Bol'shogo Psa (bliz Siriusa), imeya blesk slabee 8m. Kometa P/Stephan-Oterma (38P) peremeshaetsya po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov, postepenno uvelichivaya blesk (okolo 10,5m). Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi i udobnymi dlya nablyudenii na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (7,6m) v sozvezdii Strel'ca i Yunona (7,8m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: S Kompasa 9,0m - 18 oktyabrya, X Orla 8,9m - 20 oktyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Antares, Luna - Saturn, Venera - Spika, Merkurii - Spika, Saturn - M20, Yupiter - al'fa Vesov, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya, P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) - Sirius.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 15 oktyabrya - v 1232 godu, 16 oktyabrya - v 1735 godu, 17 oktyabrya - v 1781 godu, 18 oktyabrya - v 1800 godu, 19 oktyabrya - v 1408 godu, 20 oktyabrya - v 1827 godu, 21 oktyabrya - v 1930 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 20 oktyabrya (6 zatmenii !), a men'she vsego 19 i 21 oktyabrya (po 2 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari. Elongaciya bystroi planety za nedelyu uvelichivaetsya ot 16 do 19 gradusov. Uglovye razmery planety priderzhivayutsya znacheniya 5 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -0,5m i faze okolo 0,9. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide krohotnogo ovala. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 1,33 do 1,26 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Devy. Venera ne vidna (vidna tol'ko v samyh yuzhnyh raionah strany), t.k. sblizhaetsya s Solncem do 10 gradusov k koncu nedeli, imeya ves'ma bol'shoe otricatel'noe sklonenie. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 60 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet -4,3m pri faze okolo 0,03. V teleskop nablyudaetsya bol'shoi serp bez detalei. Serp planety viden dazhe v binokl'! Pri nablyudenii planety dnem soblyudaite ostorozhnost' - ne navodite instrument na Solnce! Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,29 do 0,27 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. 16 oktyabrya Mars proidet v 2 uglovyh minutah yuzhnee zvezdy eta Kozeroga (4,2m). Planetu mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie i nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba v vide yarkoi krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk Marsa snizhaetsya do -0,8m, a vidimyi diametr - do 13 sekund dugi. Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,71 a.e.. 27 iyulya Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie (kotoroe byvaet raz v 17 let). Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov, postepenno sblizhayas' s Antaresom. Yupiter nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 31,7 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1,7m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli, vozrastayushem za nedelyu do 6,22 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i nekotorye drugie detali. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Planetu mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,5m, a uglovoi diametr umen'shaetsya do 16,0 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 10,42 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno v sozvezdii Ovna (u granic s sozvezdiem Kita i Ryb), bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m). Uran mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 18,88 do 18,87 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun viden vsyu noch', a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom uvelichivaetsya do 29,22 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 17 Oct 2018 13h17m32.97s - 0 42.954' 2.606 3.587 8.5 8.6 67.22 113.6 Vir 21 Oct 2018 13h24m07.31s - 1 25.699' 2.608 3.582 8.6 10.0 67.07 113.3 Vir Pallada (2) 17 Oct 2018 11h14m01.34s - 4 00.158' 2.189 2.954 9.0 33.2 72.24 99.4 Leo 21 Oct 2018 11h21m36.52s - 4 18.783' 2.194 2.932 9.1 35.2 71.52 99.2 Leo Yunona (3) 17 Oct 2018 4h07m48.09s + 2 03.304' 1.997 1.133 7.9 139.2 29.77 180.6 Tau 21 Oct 2018 4h07m30.24s + 1 15.589' 1.994 1.110 7.8 142.5 30.27 190.1 Tau Vesta (4) 17 Oct 2018 18h43m28.44s -25 43.989' 2.220 2.230 7.6 76.5 58.78 88.8 Sgr 21 Oct 2018 18h50m30.84s -25 41.281' 2.223 2.279 7.7 74.1 60.19 87.9 Sgr Geba (6) 17 Oct 2018 6h42m29.31s + 5 39.076' 2.072 1.626 9.5 101.7 33.60 111.5 Mon 21 Oct 2018 6h45m37.00s + 5 19.543' 2.080 1.592 9.4 104.6 29.62 114.0 Mon a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii oktyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na oktyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
15 oktyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,35+) bliz Saturna.
16 oktyabrya, 18 chasov 02 minuty - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
17 oktyabrya, 19 chasov 19 minut - Luna (F= 0,6+) v apogee svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 404230 km ot centra Zemli.
18 oktyabrya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,66+) bliz Marsa.
19 oktyabrya i vsyu nedelyu, utro - Utrennyaya vidimost' komety P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) .
20 oktyabrya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda X Orla bliz maksimuma bleska (7,5m).
21 oktyabrya, noch' - Maksimum deistviya meteornogo potoka Orionidy (ZHR= 15).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 18 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 18 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 18 oktyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N10 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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