Opredelenie ponyatiya Planeta II
24.08.2006 11:31 | IAU,  ; Astronet

Posle obsuzhdeniya rezolyuciya, izmenyayushaya opredelenie ponyatiya "planeta", raspalas' na dve, za kazhduyu iz kotoryh (v dvuh variantah) budet provodit'sya nezavisimoe golosovanie. Zametim, chto imeyutsya v vidu tol'ko planety Solnechnoi sistemy, k ekzoplanetam dannye rezolyucii otnosheniya ne imeyut.

Tekst dan v perevode, original'noe opredelenie, vzyatoe s saita IAU, privedeno nizhe.

IAU Rezolyuciya po planetam
Rezolyuciya 5A

(1) Planeta¹ eto nebesnoe telo, kotoroe (a) obrashaetsya vokrug Solnca, (b) imeet dostatochnuyu massu, dlya togo, chtoby samogravitaciya prevoshodila tverdotel'nye sily i telo moglo prinyat' gidrostaticheski ravnovesnuyu (blizkuyu k sfericheskoi) formu i (c) ochishaet okrestnosti svoei orbity (t.e. ryadom s planetoi net drugih sravnimyh s nei tel).

(2) "Karlikovaya planeta" – nebesnoe telo, kotoroe (a) obrashaetsya vokrug Solnca, (b) imeet dostatochnuyu massu, dlya togo, chtoby samogravitaciya prevoshodila tverdotel'nye sily i telo moglo prinyat' gidrostaticheski ravnovesnuyu (blizkuyu k sfericheskoi) formu², (c) ne ochishaet okrestnosti svoei orbity i (d) ne yavlyaetsya sputnikom (planety).

(3) Vse ostal'nye ob'ekty³, obrashayushiesya vokrug Solnca, ohvatyvayutsya ponyatiem "Malye tela Solnechnoi sistemy".

Vstavit' slovo "klassicheskaya" pered slovom "planeta" v punkte (1) i snoske 1 Rezolyucii 5A. Eto budet chitat'sya kak:

(1) Klassicheskaya planeta¹ eto nebesnoe telo, kotoroe ...

¹Vosem' (klassicheskih) planet: Merkurii, Venera, Zemlya, Mars, Yupiter, Saturn, Uran i Neptun.
²IAU predstoit razrabotat' kriterii po kotorym karlikovye planety budut otdelyat'sya ot drugih klassov ob'ektov.
³V nastoyashee vremya on vklyuchaet v sebya bol'shinstvo asteroidov, trans-Neptunovyh ob'ektov (TNOs), komet i drugih malyh tel Solnechnoi sistemy, isklyuchaya sputniki planet.

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IAU Rezolyuciya po Plutonu
Rezolyuciya 6A

Puton yavlyaetsya "karlikovoi planetoi" soglasno privedennomu vyshe opredeleniyu. On rassmatrivaetsya kak prototip novogo klassa trans-Neptunovyh ob'ektov.

Rezolyuciya 6B
K tekstu Rezolyucii 6A dobavit' sleduyushee predlozhenie:

Etot klass budet nazyvat'sya "plutony" ("plutonian objects").

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Original'nyi tekst rezolyucii

IAU Resolution: Definition of a Planet in the Solar System Contemporary observations are changing our understanding of planetary systems, and it is important that our nomenclature for objects reflect our current understanding. This applies, in particular, to the designation 'planets'. The word 'planet' originally described 'wanderers' that were known only as moving lights in the sky. Recent discoveries lead us to create a new definition, which we can make using currently available scientific information. RESOLUTION 5A The IAU therefore resolves that planets and other bodies in our Solar System be defined into three distinct categories in the following way: (1) A planet1 is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape, and (c) has cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit. (2) A 'dwarf planet' is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape2, (c) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite. (3) All other objects3 orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively as "Small Solar System Bodies". RESOLUTION 5B Insert the word "classical" before the word "planet" in Resolution 5A, Section (1), and footnote 1. Thus reading: (1) A classical planet is a celestial body . . . and IAU Resolution: Pluto RESOLUTION 6A The IAU further resolves: Pluto is a 'dwarf planet' by the above definition and is recognized as the prototype of a new category of trans-Neptunian objects. RESOLUTION 6B The following sentence is added to Resolution 6A: This category is to be called "plutonian objects." 1The eight planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. 2An IAU process will be established to assign borderline objects into either dwarf planet and other categories. 3These currently include most of the Solar System asteroids, most Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), comets, and other small bodies, exclude planet satellites.

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