Na saite Astrometriya Astronomicheskie instrumenty Astronomicheskoe obrazovanie Astrofizika Istoriya astronomii Kosmonavtika, issledovanie kosmosa Lyubitel'skaya astronomiya Planety i Solnechnaya sistema Solnce

AstroEnglish: 1. Chto takoe 'of' i kak s nim borot'sya
31.01.2013 22:36 | Natal'ya Orlova/Astronet

Ne beri slishkom mnogo sudov na abordazh, a to voz'mut podpisku o nevyezde. (Iz nastavlenii babushki pirata)

1. Prityazhatel'nyi padezh

S detstva my usvoili, chto v angliiskom yazyke sushestvitel'nye ne imeyut padezhnyh okonchanii, chto vygodno otlichaet ego pri izuchenii ot russkogo, azerbaidzhanskogo, latinskogo, grecheskogo yazykov, sanskrita. Horosho, chto slovo ne menyaetsya! No, kak voditsya, lyuboi "plyus" oborachivaetsya "minusom". Kak perevesti, naprimer, na angliiskii yazyk takuyu frazu:

bol'shoi razbros otnoshenii soderzhanii himicheskih elementov v spektre Fomal'gauta

Pyat' slov v predlozhenii stoyat v roditel'nom padezhe. Russkie avtory statei obozhayut stavit' sushestvitel'nye v roditel'nom padezhe! K schast'yu, anglichane predusmotreli takuyu situaciyu i pridumali oboznachat' ideyu prinadlezhnosti soyuzom "of". U nachinayushego perevodchika srazu voznikaet soblazn perevesti frazu tak:

large spread of ratios of abundances of chemical elements in the spectrum of Fomalhaut

Strogo govorya, gruboi oshibki zdes' net. I dazhe smysl ponyaten. Pochti. No eta fraza "ne zvuchit". Slishkom mnogo sushestvitel'nyh vzyato "na abordazh". Hochetsya izbavit'sya po krainei mere ot dvuh predlogov, a luchshe – ot treh "of".

K etoi fraze my vernemsya nemnogo pogodya, a poka napomnim, chto v angliiskom yazyke (k schast'yu!) sohranilsya odin padezh. On nazyvaetsya prityazhatel'nym i vyrazhaet ideyu prinadlezhnosti (kak i nash roditel'nyi padezh). Obrazuetsya on ochen' prosto: v konce slova dobavlyaetsya okonchanie 's. Beda v tom, chto ne vse slova mogut "prityagivat'" k sebe drugie takim obrazom. Lyudi, naprimer, mogut, a bol'shinstvo neodushevlennyh predmetov - net. Poetomu my mozhem skazat' Galileo's telescope, no, strogo govorya, telescope of the observatory.

No bez isklyuchenii bylo by neinteresno zhit'. Okazyvaetsya, vpolne dopustimy takie slovosochetaniya kak

heaven's view	vid nebes
Sun's plasma	plazma Solnca
Vega's inner asteroid belt	vnutrennii poyas asteroidov u Vegi
Fomalhaut's dust disk	pylevoi disk Fomal'gauta
Earth's northern lights	severnoe polyarnoe siyanie Zemli
Moon's crust	kora Luny
Saturn's moons	sputniki Saturna
Jupiter's seasons	vremena goda Yupitera
Year's Largest Astronomy Conference	samaya bol'shaya astronomicheskaya konferenciya goda
spacecraft's crew	komanda kosmicheskogo korablya
NASA's Apollo program	programma "Apollon" Nacional'nogo upravleniya po aeronavtike i issledovaniyu kosmicheskogo prostranstva

Nebesa, zvezdy, planety i ih sputniki, organizacii (agentstva) i dazhe vremennYe promezhutki mogut "prisvaivat'" drugie slova. Voz'mem eto na zametku. A poka –
Domashnee zadanie. Poprobuite perevesti frazu:
bol'shoi razbros otnoshenii soderzhanii himicheskih elementov v spektre Fomal'gauta
na angliiskii yazyk.

Anons. V sleduyushii raz prodolzhim razbirat' temu:
Chto takoe 'of' i kak s nim borot'sya
i rassmotrim drugoi sposob izbavleniya ot lishnih predlogov 'of':

2. Cushestvitel'nye v kachestve opredelenii.