Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god1.03.2016 9:10 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Uvazhaemye lyubiteli astronomii!
Vyshel v svet ocherednoi vypusk ezhegodnika Astronomicheskii kalendar', vypuskaemogo v serii Astrobiblioteka ot AstroKA i zhurnala "Nebosvod"
Etot ezhegodnik opisyvaet osnovnye astronomicheskie yavleniya, kotorye dolzhny proizoiti v 2016 godu. Kalendar' soderzhit efemeridy Solnca, Luny, bol'shih planet, komet i asteroidov, dostupnyh dlya nablyudenii lyubitel'skimi sredstvami. Krome etogo, dany opisaniya solnechnyh i lunnyh zatmenii, privedeny svedeniya o pokrytiyah zvezd i planet Lunoi, meteornyh potokah, pokrytiyah zvezd asteroidami i t.p.
Vsego vypusheno dva Astronomicheskih kalendarya na 2016 god, dostupnyh dlya svobodnogo skachivaniya v elektronnom vide i dlya raspechatki na printere v bumazhnom vide.Krome etogo, prodolzhitsya vypusk tipografskih Astronomicheskih kalendarei, o vyhode kotoryh mozhno uznat' v seti Internet.
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Tabel'-kalendar' s fazami Luny na 2016 god (vremya moskovskoe)
Kratkii obzor yavlenii 2016 goda.
Glavnym astronomicheskim sobytiem 2016 goda budet polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie 9 marta, polosa polnoi fazy kotorogo proidet po Indonezii i Okeanii. Drugim, dostatochno redkim astronomicheskim sobytiem, yavlyaetsya prohozhdenie Merkuriya po disku Solnca, kotoroe sostoitsya 9 maya<.
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Prohozhdenie Merkuriya po disku Solnca
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Karta vidimocti prohozhdeniya
V etom godu proizoidut dva solnechnyh i dva polutenevyh lunnyh zatmeniya (tochnee tri, no lunnoe zatmenie 18 avgusta kasatel'noe, i ne predstavlyaet nikakogo interesa). Dva zatmeniya prihodyatsya na martovskoe novolunie i polnolunie, a drugie dva - na sentyabr'skoe novolunie i polnolunie.
Pervoe zatmenie 2016 goda budet polnym solnechnym. Ono proizoidet pri novolunii 9 marta, a polosa polnoi fazy proidet po ostrovam Indonezii i po akvatorii Tihogo okeana. Maksimal'naya prodolzhitel'nost' polnoi fazy dostignet 4 minut 10 sekund pri faze 1,045. Na territorii nashei strany nebol'shie fazy mozhno budet nablyudat' v Primor'e, na Sahaline, Kamchatke i Chukotke. Podrobnoe opisanie zatmeniya i ego obstoyatel'stva mozhno naiti na Astroforume v teme Astronomicheskie nablyudeniya. K zatmeniyu budet opublikovana stat'ya v zhurnale Nebosvod, a takzhe vylozhena ee veb-versiya na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/
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Vtoroe zatmenie goda budet polutenevym lunnym i proizoidet v polnolunie 23 marta. Zatmenie smogut nablyudat' zhiteli vsei territorii Rossii, maksimal'naya faza ego sostavit 0,8 pri prohozhdenii Luny cherez severnuyu chast' zemnoi poluteni. S Luny v eto vremya nablyudaetsya chastnoe solnechnoe zatmenie.
Tret'e zatmenie 2016 goda budet kol'ceobraznym solnechnym. Ono proizoidet pri novolunii 1 sentyabrya, a polosa kol'ceobraznoi fazy proidet po Central'noi Afrike, Madagaskaru i po akvatorii Atlanticheskogo i Indiiskogo okeanov. Maksimal'naya prodolzhitel'nost' kol'ceobraznoi fazy dostignet 3 minut 6 sekund pri faze 0,974. Chastnye fazy uvidyat zhiteli Afriki i Araviiskogo poluostrova. Na territorii nashei strany zatmenie nablyudat'sya ne budet.
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Chetvertoe zatmenie goda, vnov', budet polutenevym lunnym i proizoidet v polnolunie 16 sentyabrya. Eto zatmenie budet nablyudat'sya na vsei territorii Rossii i stran SNG, a ego maksimal'naya faza dostignet 0,93 Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli proidet v eto zatmenie cherez yuzhnuyu chast' zemnoi poluteni. S Luny v eto vremya nablyudaetsya chastnoe solnechnoe zatmenie.
Stat'i o polnyh solnechnyh zatmeniyah 2006 goda i 2008 goda, a takzhe lunnom zatmenii 2005 goda nablyudavshiesya na territorii Rossii i stran SNG.
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Fazy Luny v 2016 godu (s ukazaniem dat zatmenii)
Vidimost' planet v 2016 godu dostatochno blagopriyatna. Merkurii v techenie goda dostignet 3 utrennih i 3 vechernih elongacii. Dlya Venery v 2016 godu blagopriyatnym vremenem dlya nablyudenii budet nachalo i konec goda (6 iyunya verhnee soedinenie s Solncem). Dlya Marsa 2016 god - blagopriyatnoe vremya dlya nablyudenii, t.k. vidimyi diametr planety vo vremya maksimal'nogo sblizheniya 30 maya (protivostoyanie 22 maya) dostignet 18,4 uglovyh sekund. Nailuchshaya vidimost' Yupitera otnositsya k pervoi polovine goda s protivostoyaniem 8 marta. Saturn takzhe luchshe vsego viden v pervom polugodii s protivostoyaniem 3 iyunya. Uran i Neptun yavlyayutsya osennimi planetami, t.k. vstupayut v protivostoyanie s Solncem, sootvetstvenno, 15 oktyabrya i 2 sentyabrya.
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Utrennie elongacii Merkuriya v 2016 godu
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Vechernie elongacii Merkuriya v 2016 godu
Iz sblizhenii planet drug s drugom v 2016 godu samymi tesnymi budut soedinenie Venery i Saturna do 5 uglovyh minut 9 yanvarya (elongaciya 36 gradusov) i soedinenie Venery i Yupitera do 4 uglovyh minut 27 avgusta (elongaciya 22 gradusa). Do polgradusa v 2016 godu proizoidut 4 soedineniya planet. 20 marta budet imet' mesto soedinenie Venery i Neptuna (elongaciya 20 gradusov), 31 marta vstupyat v soedinenie Merkurii i Uran (elongaciya 8 gradusov), a 13 maya i 16 iyulya - Merkurii i Venera (elongaciya 7 i 11 gradusov, sootvetstvenno). Krome etogo, menee gradusa 22 aprelya stanet uglovoe rasstoyanie mezhdu Veneroi i Uranom pri elongacii 12 gradusov. Bolee podrobnaya informaciya o soedineniyah planet v 2016 godu v tablice, sostavlennoi Sergeem Gur'yanovym.
Moment Planeta Planeta Elon- Razdelenie Radius Radius
UT 1 2 gaciya (geocentr.) Pl. 1 Pl. 2
2016 Yanv 09 4:16 Venera-Saturn 36 W 005'05"63 7.36" 7.70"
2016 Fev 13 2:59 Merkurii-Venera 25 W 400'24"21 3.10" 6.35"
2016 Mar 11 6:14 Merkurii-Neptun 11 W 122'41"45 2.50" 1.10"
2016 Mar 20 17:36 Venera-Neptun 20 W 029'29"23 5.69" 1.11"
2016 Mar 31 20:13 Merkurii-Uran 8 E 033'31"06 2.65" 1.68"
2016 Apr 22 21:13 Venera-Uran 12 W 048'26"94 5.34" 1.68"
2016 Mai 13 18:18 Merkurii-Venera 7 W 023'00"40 6.04" 5.22"
2016 Iyul 16 22:47 Merkurii-Venera 11 E 030'42"43 2.59" 5.31"
2016 Avg 20 6:17 Merkurii-Yupiter 27 E 347'29"04 3.92" 15.60"
2016 Avg 24 15:42 Mars-Saturn 98 E 421'09"18 5.49" 8.44"
2016 Avg 27 22:32 Venera-Yupiter 22 E 003'59"99 5.80" 15.47"
2016 Okt 11 10:4 Merkurii-Yupiter 12 W 047'30"06 2.66" 15.34"
2016 Okt 29 22:22 Venera-Saturn 37 E 259'57"03 7.45" 7.68"
2016 Noya 23 16:12 Merkurii-Saturn 15 E 326'10"05 2.55" 7.56"
Sredi pokrytii Lunoi bol'shih planet Solnechnoi sistemy v 2016 godu: Merkurii pokroetsya 3 raza, Venera - 2 raza, Mars - ni razu. Seriya iz 4 pokrytii Yupitera nachnetsya 9 iyulya i zakonchitsya 30 sentyabrya, a ocherednaya seriya pokrytii Saturna nastupit v konce 2018 goda. Seriya pokrytii Urana zakonchilas' v 2015 godu, i teper' pridetsya zhdat' do 2022 goda. Neptun v etom godu pokroetsya 7 raz, a nachnetsya ocherednaya seriya pokrytii samoi dalekoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy s 25 iyunya. Iz vseh pokrytii naibolee interesnym i dostupnym budet pokrytie Lunoi Venery 6 aprelya pri dnevnoi vidimosti na zapadnoi polovine strany.
Iz pokrytii zvezd Lunoi interesny budut pokrytiya zvezdy Al'debaran (al'fa Tel'ca), seriya kotoryh nachalas' 29 yanvarya 2015 goda i prodolzhitsya do 3 sentyabrya 2018 goda, no v etom godu oni budut menee blagopriyatny dlya nablyudenii s territorii Rossii i SNG, chem v 2015 godu. Samym interesnym i dostupnym dlya zhitelei nashei strany budet pokrytie 14 marta, polosa kotorogo ohvatit yuzhnye raiony strany. V drugih oblastyah budet nablyudatsya tesnoe sblizhenie Luny so zvezdoi.
Asteroid Vesta stanet samym yarkim v etom godu. Ego blesk v dekabre (sozvezdie Raka) dostignet 6,7m. Sleduyushimi po blesku (s maksimumom v oktyabre) budut Cerera (7,4m) i Mel'pomena (8,0m) v sozvezdii Kita. Iz drugih asteroidov naibolee yarkimi stanut Evterpa, Astreya i Pallada.
Sredi nebesnyh strannic dostupnymi dlya malyh i srednih teleskopov stanut: Catalina (C/2013 US10), PANSTARRS (C/2014 S2), PANSTARRS (C/2013 X1), Johnson (C/2015 V2) i P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova (45P), ozhidaemyi blesk kotoryh sostavit yarche 11m. Kometa Catalina (C/2013 US10) budet vidna nevooruzhennym glazom na utrennem nebe yanvarya. Sleduet otmetit', chto privedennyi spisok mozhet znachitel'no menyat'sya, vvidu otkrytiya novyh komet i uvelicheniya bleska ozhidaemyh, a takzhe poter' izvestnyh komet. Kometa 321P/SOHO, naprimer, po raznym prognozam mozhet dostich' nulevoi zvezdnoi velichiny ili dazhe yarkosti Venery, no lish' na uglovom rasstoyanii 1 gradus ot Solnca.
Iz meteornyh potokov luchshimi dlya nablyudenii budut Kvadrantidy, eta-Akvaridy i Drakonidy. Obshii obzor meteornyh potokov na saite Mezhdunarodnoi Meteornoi Organizacii http://www.imo.net
Svedeniya po pokrytiyam zvezd asteroidami v 2016 godu imeyutsya na saite http://asteroidoccultation.com .
Svedeniya po peremennym zvezdam nahodyatsya na saite AAVSO.
2016 Avg 24 15:42 Mars-Saturn 98 E 421'09b/bAtlas zvezdnogo neba (vse nebo so zvedami do 6,5 zvezdnoi velichiny)
pomesyachnyi kalendar' na 2016 - 2050 gody s zatmeniyami i pokrytiyami zvezd i planet Lunoi
Istochniki izobrazhenii: sait NASA i StarryNightBackyard 3.1.0
Predstoyashie yavleniya na drugie gody mozhno prosmotret' v knige Astronomicheskie yavleniya do 2050 goda , a takzhe samostoyatel'no opredelit' pri pomoshi ves'ma podrobnogo on-lain kalendarya CalSky
Operativnye svedeniya o yavleniyah na http://astroalert.ka-dar.ru, http://meteoweb.ru, http://shvedun.ru, http://edu.zelenogorsk.ru/astron/calendar/2016/mycal16.htm, http://www.starlab.ru/forumdisplay.php?f=58, http://astronomy.ru/forum/
Hochetsya nadeyat'sya, chto AK_2016 posluzhit Vam nadezhnym sputnikom pri nablyudeniyah v techenie goda!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!Sbornik ssylok (vse v odnom meste!) na Internet-resursy, gde mozhno poluchit' dopolnitel'nuyu astronomicheskuyu informaciyu v techenie vsego 2016 goda.
1. Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1334887
2. Astronomicheskii kalendar' Sergeya Gur'yanova (veb-versiya AK_2016) http://edu.zelenogorsk.ru/astron/calendar/2016/mycal16.htm
3. Kratkii astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016-2050 gody http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1335637
4. Astronomicheskie yavleniya do 2050 goda http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1280744
5. Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god Fedora Sharova http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1350769
6. Karty dvizheniya nebesnyh tel v 2016 godu http://blog.astronomypage.ru/category/astronomiya/
7. Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god na saite http://saros70.narod.ru/
8. Tabel'-kalendar' na 2016 god na saite http://daylist.ru
9. Velikolepnyi astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god http://in-the-sky.org/newscalyear.php?year=2016&maxdiff=3#datesel
10. Prostoi generator tabel'-kalendarya na god ot NASA http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SKYCAL/SKYCAL.html
11. Kalendar' nablyudatelya (ezhemesyachnoe izdanie) http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1343697
12. Astronomicheskaya nedelya (ezhenedel'noe izdanie) http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1351944
13. Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god Aleksandra Kuznecova http://yadi.sk/i/GOTjmVtSmWvgi
14. Drugie astrokalendari svobodnogo dostupa mozhno naiti v seti Internet, nabrav v stroke poiska "Astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god" ili "Astronomical Calendar for 2016"
Platnye (pechatnye) astronomicheskie kalendari na 2016 god
1. Astronomicheskii kalendar'-diagramma na 2016 god po gorodam http://anaptar.com/
2. "Shkol'nyi astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2015/2016 uchebnyi god" http://www.astronomy.ru/forum/index.php/topic,133873.0.html
3. Astronomicheskii kalendar'-diagramma (ves'ma informativnyi) imeetsya v zhurnale Skai end Teleskop (Sky & Telescope) za yanvar' 2016 goda. V etom zhe zhurnale ezhemesyachno publikuetsya illyustrirovannyi kalendar' na tekushii mesyac s kartami zvezdnogo neba i podrobnym opisaniem osnovnyh yavlenii i ob'ektov, nablyudaemyh v opisyvaemom periode
4. Odesskii astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god
5. Pulkovskii astronomicheskii kalendar' na 2016 god
6. Ezhemesyachnyi astronomicheskii kalendar' v zhurnale Vselennaya. Prostranstvo. Vremya.
7. Raz v dva mesyaca publikuetsya astronomicheskii kalendar' v zhurnale Zemlya i Vselennaya
Tematicheskie ssylki
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), http://www.aavso.org/ (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami)
Dopolnitel'nye ssylki na resursy, regulyarno publikuyushie svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah na razlichnye periody goda
http://www.molas.ru/ak.htm , http://astro-bratsk.ru/observation.html , http://www.ufaplanetarium.ru/astro_calendar/ , http://astroreview.blogspot.ru/ , http://www.galactic.name/library/index.php , http://biguniverse.ru/ , http://astrogalaxy.ru/forum/phpBB2/viewforum.php?f=33 , http://meteoweb.ru/ , http://www.starlab.ru/forumdisplay.php?f=58 , http://shvedun.ru/ , http://astro.websib.ru
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astronomicheskii kalendar' - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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