Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 maya 2015 goda15.05.2015 15:55 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele Merkurii dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu i zakonchit vechernyuyu vidimost', a Saturn, naoborot, imeet luchshie usloviya vidimosti v protivostoyanii s Solncem. Krome etogo, proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,01) glavnoi zvezdy sozvezdiya Tel'ca Al'debaran (ne vidno iz-za blizosti k Solncu). Vsyu nedelyu vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta.
Prodolzhaetsya period, kogda sputniki Yupitera (pomimo togo, chto pokryvayutsya i zatmevayutsya samoi planetoi i prohodyat pered nei) pokryvayutsya drug drugom. Naprimer, 21 maya Kallisto pokroet Io, i v etot zhe den' Evropa pokroet Io. Podrobnaya tablica soedinenii. Konfiguracii sputnikov mozhno utochnit' po grafiku v KN na mai.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone vechernei zari, Venera - ves' vecher, Mars ne viden, Yupiter dostupen dlya nablyudenii bol'shuyu chast' nochi, takzhe kak i Saturn, a Uran i Neptun mozhno obnaruzhit' v binokl' ili teleskop na fone utrennih sumerek.
Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka i L'va, obladaya vechernei vidimost'yu. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca, gde primet fazu novoluniya. Pereidya na vechernee nebo, molodoi mesyac sblizitsya 19 maya s Marsom i Merkuriem, a zatem prodolzhit puteshestvie po Tel'cu do 20 maya, kogda vstupit v sozvezdie Oriona, uvelichiv fazu do 0,1. 21 maya rastushii serp pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov, gde zaderzhitsya do 23 maya, krasuyas' na vechernem nebe bliz Venery i eto - samye zrelishnye vechera mesyaca. Pereidya v sozvezdie Raka (F= 0,2), Luna poidet na sblizhenie s Yupiterom, yuzhnee kotorogo proidet 24 maya pri faze 0,34. V etot zhe den' estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupit v sozvezdie L'va
Iz komet vysokim bleskom (okolo 8m) obladaet C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ), kotoraya nahoditsya okolo Polyarnoi zvezdy v sozvezdii Cefeya. Kometa 88P/Howell vidna po utram v sozvezdii Ryb. Karty putei komet i asteroidov - v KN na mai.
Sredi asteroidov samyi vysokii blesk (7,8m) imeet Vesta, peremeshayushayasya k vostoku po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya.
Iz osnovnyh meteornyh potokov aktivny eta-Akvaridy.
Nekotorye pary svetil, popadayushie v pole zreniya binoklya na dannoi nedele: Luna - Mars, Luna - Merkurii, Luna - Venera, Luna - Yupiter, Merkurii - Giady, Saturn - beta Skorpiona, Uran - del'ta Ryb, Neptun - sigma Vodoleya, C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) - Polyarnaya zvezda.
Obzor nebesnyh ob'ektov maya - v zhurnale Nebosvod za mai 2009 goda.
Novosti lyubitel'skoi astronomii na ASTRONET - http://vo.astronet.ru/planet .
Dopolnitel'nye svedeniya o yavleniyah blizhaishego budushego - na saite Bol'shaya Vselennaya, v Astronomicheskom kalendare Sergeya Gur'yanova, a takzhe v Al'manahe.
Obobshennye dannye o yavleniyah na 35 let vpered imeyutsya v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, a svedeniya o yavleniyah do 2200 goda v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet 54 gradusa (na seredinu nedeli). Momenty nachala i konca grazhdanskih (Grzh.) i navigacionnyh (Nav.) sumerek, a tak zhe voshod, zahod Solnca i dolgota dnya dlya Moskvy na nedelyu ukazany v tablice.
data Nav. Grzh. Voshod Zahod Grzh. Noch' Dol.dnya 18 01:19 03:12 04:13 20:39 21:41 23:39 16:25 19 01:11 03:10 04:12 20:40 21:43 23:48 16:28 20 01:03 03:07 04:10 20:42 21:45 23:59 16:32 21 00:52 03:05 04:08 20:44 21:48 - 16:35 22 00:26 03:03 04:07 20:46 21:50 00:25 16:38 23 - 03:01 04:05 20:47 21:52 - 16:42 24 - 02:59 04:04 20:49 21:55 - 16:45
Tekushie dannye o Solnce i vid ego poverhnosti na dannoe vremya. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31'36" (na seredinu nedeli). Dnevnoe svetilo dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 18 maya. Faza Luny na tekushii moment. Fazy Luny na budushee. V tablice ukazany momenty voshoda, verhnei kul'minacii, zahoda, vysota verhnei kul'minacii, faza, radius i ekvatorial'nye koordinaty Luny na moment verhnei kul'minacii dlya Moskvy. Ld - libraciya Luny po dolgote, Lsh - libraciya Luny po shirote, Dt - dolgota utrennego terminatora (libracii - na 00:00 dlya Moskvy).
data Vosh VK Zahod VKg. faza radius koordinaty (VK) Ld Lsh Dt 18 04:48 12:41 20:44 +50o 0,00 16'02" 03:54,5 +15o36' 3,7 5,4 264,9 19 05:29 13:37 21:50 +52o 0,02 15'50" 04:54,5 +17o17' 4,5 6,5 277,1 20 06:18 14:32 22:45 +52o 0,07 15'38" 05:53,6 +17o48' 5,1 7,2 289,3 21 07:14 15:25 23:30 +52o 0,13 15'25" 06:50,8 +17o13' 5,3 7,5 301,4 22 08:15 16:16 - +50o 0,21 15'13" 07:45,7 +15o39' 5,2 7,5 313,6 23 09:20 17:04 00:07 +48o 0,30 15'02" 08:37,9 +13o17' 4,7 7,1 325,8 24 10:26 17:50 00:37 +45o 0,40 14'54" 09:27,9 +10o20' 3,9 6,5 337,9
Na etoi nedele Luna pri faze 0,00 sblizitsya s Marsom, 19 maya pri faze 0,02 - s Merkuriem, 21 maya pri faze 0,15 - s Veneroi, 24 maya pri faze 0,37 - s Yupiterom.
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (severnee Giad), 19 maya menyaya dvizhenie na popyatnoe. Merkurii eshe mozhno nablyudat' na fone vechernei zari u zapadnogo gorizonta, no vo vtoroi polovine nedeli on skroetsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca (elongaciya umen'shitsya do 10 gradusov). Tem ne menee, nablyudatelyam predostavlyaetsya vozmozhnost' zafiksirovat' naibolee tonkii serp planety v samom konce vidimosti, kotoryi dlya raznyh shirot opredelyaetsya opytnym putem. Poiski bystroi planety mozhno nachinat' v binokl' posle zahoda Solnca. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot 2,1m do 4,0m, vidimyi diametr postepenno vozrastaet ot 10,4 do 11,8 uglovyh sekund, a faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,13 do 0,03. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli umen'shaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,57 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher.
Venera. Planeta obladaet pryamym dvizheniem v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Vechernyaya Zvezda yavlyaetsya ukrasheniem sumerechnogo i rannego nochnogo neba. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi belyi oval bez detalei. Opytnye nablyudateli mogut otyskat' Veneru na dnevnom nebe s primeneniem binoklya i nevooruzhennym glazom. Luchshee vremya dlya etogo - vtoraya polovina dnya. Nachinayushim lyubitelyam astronomii takie nablyudeniya nuzhno provodit' v prisutstvii bolee opytnyh nablyudatelei vo izbezhanie napravleniya opticheskogo instrumenta na Solnce, v rezul'tate chego mozhno povredit' zrenie! Elongaciya Venery k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 44,9 gradusa, a uglovye razmery planety - ot 19,2 do 20,5 sekund dugi. Blesk sohranyaetsya na urovne -4,2m pri faze, umen'shayusheisya ot 0,60 do 0,57. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,87 do 0,81 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress.
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, no ne vidna. Blesk Marsa sostavlyaet +1,4m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei v konce nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 2,53 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka i priblizhayas' k granice sozvezdiya L'va. Yupiter dostupen dlya nablyudenii bol'shuyu chast' nochi, a viden on na nebe v vide yarkoi zvezdy zheltovatogo cveta nad yuzhnym i yugo-zapadnym gorizontom v vechernee vremya. Uglovoi diametr samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy umen'shaetsya ot 36,0 do 35,3 sekund dugi (-1,9m), a rasstoyanie ot Zemli uvelichivaetsya ot 5,47 do 5,58 a.e.. Prodolzhaetsya blagopriyatnyi period vidimosti Yupitera. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. V lyubitel'skie teleskopy srednei sily nablyudaetsya prohozhdenie tenei sputnikov po poverhnosti samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy, a takzhe vzaimnye pokrytiya (!!) ee sputnikov. Konfiguracii chetyreh bol'shih sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy beta Sco s bleskom +2,6m. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Planeta priblizhaetsya k svoemu protivostoyaniyu. kotoroe nastupit 23 maya, poetomu blesk ee (0,0m) i uglovoi diametr (18,5 sekund dugi) - maksimal'ny. V teleskop horosho vidno kol'co (dostigayushee v dlinu bolee 40 uglovyh sekund pri naklone k nablyudatelyu pod uglom 24 gradusa) i inogda detali poverhnosti planety, a iz sputnikov naibolee dostupen Titan (8,0m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 8,97 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini.
Uran. Planeta (m= +6,0, d= 3,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ryb (u granicy s sozvezdiem Kita) bliz zvezdy dzeta Psc (5,2m). Uran poyavlyaetsya na utrennem nebe, i ego mozhno naiti v binokl' na fone utrennih sumerek. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya teleskop s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,78 do 20,70 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8,0, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya mezhdu zvezdami sigma Aqr (4,8m) i lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, a naiti ego mozhno v binokl' ili teleskop. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Polozhenie samyh dalekih planet na nebesnoi sfere mozhno prosmotret' na zvezdnyh kartah v KN na yanvar' i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,17 do 30,06 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii 32,11 a.e.. ot Zemli k koncu nedeli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm i prozrachnoe nebo. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty (14 iyulya 2015 goda maksimal'noe sblizhenie).
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy planet i nekotoryh asteroidov na seredinu nedeli
21/05/2015 00:00 dlya Moskvy. Epoha 2000.0 (rasstoyanie do Luny - v radiusah Zemli).
Pryamoe vosh. Sklonenie Blesk Rasst.(a.e.) Vidimost' Vosh VK Zahod
Uran 01h 09m 39.0s +06o42'57.2 +5,8 20,751260 00:16 u 03:02 09:45 16:28
SOLNCE 03h 48m 26.7s +20o00'02.2 -26,8 1,011971 16:35 04:08 12:26 20:44
Mars 04h 15m 58.8s +21o41'25.2 +1,5 2,521666 - 04:24 12:53 21:22
Merkurii 04h 45m 05.8s +23o00'19.9 +2,9 0,608480 00:22 v 04:41 13:20 21:56
LUNA 06h 14m 00.2s +17o25'13.2 -7,0 60,267985 01:56 v 07:14 15:25 23:30
Venera 07h 01m 05.1s +25o28'01.9 -4,4 0,845576 03:07 v 06:35 15:39 00:42
3 Yunona 09h 09m 23.9s +13o33'37.4 +10,1 2,649644 03:39 v 10:18 17:45 01:13
Yupiter 09h 10m 52.4s +17o11'49.1 -1,8 5,522764 04:06 v 09:54 17:45 01:40
532 Herculina 15h 53m 38.9s +01o40'33.7 +8,8 1,458447 05:44 n* 18:14 00:31 06:43
Saturn 15h 59m 43.8s -18o20'01.3 +0,2 8,967468 05:44 n* 20:25 00:37 04:44
2 Pallada 17h 49m 57.3s +24o02'19.8 +8,9 2,415543 05:44 n* 17:33 02:26 11:15
1 Cerera 20h 50m 51.2s -24o14'29.4 +8,0 2,397453 01:11 u 02:07 05:27 08:47
Neptun 22h 45m 18.2s -08o43'47.8 +7,9 30,126844 01:09 u 02:09 07:21 12:33
4 Vesta 23h 43m 19.9s -06o54'10.3 +7,6 2,506906 00:22 u 02:56 08:20 13:43
21 maya 2015 goda 00:00 po moskovskomu vremeni. Sblizheniya menee 20 gradusov u svetil:
03o39'14.0 Yupiter - 3 Yunona
04o06'31.3 SOLNCE - Pleyady
06o39'02.4 SOLNCE - Mars
06o50'49.4 Merkurii - Al'debaran
06o51'32.3 Merkurii - Mars
06o59'25.3 Mars - Pleyady
07o00'08.4 Mars - Al'debaran
10o11'42.6 Venera - Polluks
10o36'22.2 Saturn - Antares
10o49'26.9 Merkurii - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
11o47'47.3 SOLNCE - Al'debaran
13o14'32.5 Merkurii - Pleyady
13o30'32.7 SOLNCE - Merkurii
13o34'50.6 Venera - LUNA
14o27'51.1 3 Yunona - Regul
14o29'12.2 Neptun - 4 Vesta
14o51'15.2 Yupiter - Regul
15o39'06.3 LUNA - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
17o19'27.5 Mars - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
19o59'56.2 Saturn - 532 Herculina
Asteroidy. Na etoi nedele blesk 10m prevysyat asteroidy:
1 Cerera (m=8,6) - v sozvezdii Kozeroga, 2 Pallada (m=9,4) - v sozvezdii Gerkulesa, 4 Vesta (m=7,8) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya i 532 Gerkulina (m=9,1) - v sozvezdii Zmei.
Komety. Blesk komety C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ) (v sozvezdii Cefeya) - slabee 8m. S kazhdym dnem ona stanovitsya vse blizhe k Polyarnoi zvezde (popadaya s nei v pole zreniya binoklya), yavlyayas' nezahodyashim svetilom. Blesk okolo 10m imeet kometa 88P/Howell v sozvezdii Ryb. Karty putei komet i asteroidov imeyutsya v KN na mai. Podrobnye svedeniya ob etih i drugih kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) imeyutsya na saite Seiichi 'oshida, a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://cometbase.net/.
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya moskovskoe =UT+3chasa (vsemirnoe vremya UT ukazyvaetsya otdel'no). Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova - veb-versiya AK na 2015 god, vklyuchayushaya obshii obzor zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah mozhno naiti v KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god, AK na 2015 god, Astronomicheskih yavleniyah do 2050 goda, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody, kalendare Salsky i v Al'manahe.
18 maya, 07 chasov 13 minut - Novolunie.
19 maya, 03 chasa 38 minut - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu.
20 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,07) bliz Merkuriya.
21 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,15) bliz Venery.
22 maya, vecher - Okonchanie vidimosti Merkuriya v srednih shirotah.
23 maya, 03 chasa 41 minuta - Saturn v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
24 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,41) bliz Yupitera.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Astrokot i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Saturna v teleskop.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Venery i Yupitera v teleskop.
Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate Word (versiya dlya pechati)
Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate pdf (versiya dlya pechati)
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), programma AK 5.14 (tablichnye dannye), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1280744 (astronomicheskie yavleniya do 2050 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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