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Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 maya 2015 goda Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 18 po 24 maya 2015 goda
15.05.2015 15:55 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii

Na dannoi nedele Merkurii dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu i zakonchit vechernyuyu vidimost', a Saturn, naoborot, imeet luchshie usloviya vidimosti v protivostoyanii s Solncem. Krome etogo, proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,01) glavnoi zvezdy sozvezdiya Tel'ca Al'debaran (ne vidno iz-za blizosti k Solncu). Vsyu nedelyu vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta.

Prodolzhaetsya period, kogda sputniki Yupitera (pomimo togo, chto pokryvayutsya i zatmevayutsya samoi planetoi i prohodyat pered nei) pokryvayutsya drug drugom. Naprimer, 21 maya Kallisto pokroet Io, i v etot zhe den' Evropa pokroet Io. Podrobnaya tablica soedinenii. Konfiguracii sputnikov mozhno utochnit' po grafiku v KN na mai.

Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone vechernei zari, Venera - ves' vecher, Mars ne viden, Yupiter dostupen dlya nablyudenii bol'shuyu chast' nochi, takzhe kak i Saturn, a Uran i Neptun mozhno obnaruzhit' v binokl' ili teleskop na fone utrennih sumerek.

Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka i L'va, obladaya vechernei vidimost'yu. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca, gde primet fazu novoluniya. Pereidya na vechernee nebo, molodoi mesyac sblizitsya 19 maya s Marsom i Merkuriem, a zatem prodolzhit puteshestvie po Tel'cu do 20 maya, kogda vstupit v sozvezdie Oriona, uvelichiv fazu do 0,1. 21 maya rastushii serp pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov, gde zaderzhitsya do 23 maya, krasuyas' na vechernem nebe bliz Venery i eto - samye zrelishnye vechera mesyaca. Pereidya v sozvezdie Raka (F= 0,2), Luna poidet na sblizhenie s Yupiterom, yuzhnee kotorogo proidet 24 maya pri faze 0,34. V etot zhe den' estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupit v sozvezdie L'va

Iz komet vysokim bleskom (okolo 8m) obladaet C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ), kotoraya nahoditsya okolo Polyarnoi zvezdy v sozvezdii Cefeya. Kometa 88P/Howell vidna po utram v sozvezdii Ryb. Karty putei komet i asteroidov - v KN na mai.

Sredi asteroidov samyi vysokii blesk (7,8m) imeet Vesta, peremeshayushayasya k vostoku po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya.

Iz osnovnyh meteornyh potokov aktivny eta-Akvaridy.

Nekotorye pary svetil, popadayushie v pole zreniya binoklya na dannoi nedele: Luna - Mars, Luna - Merkurii, Luna - Venera, Luna - Yupiter, Merkurii - Giady, Saturn - beta Skorpiona, Uran - del'ta Ryb, Neptun - sigma Vodoleya, C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) - Polyarnaya zvezda.

Obzor nebesnyh ob'ektov maya - v zhurnale Nebosvod za mai 2009 goda.

Novosti lyubitel'skoi astronomii na ASTRONET - http://vo.astronet.ru/planet .

Dopolnitel'nye svedeniya o yavleniyah blizhaishego budushego - na saite Bol'shaya Vselennaya, v Astronomicheskom kalendare Sergeya Gur'yanova, a takzhe v Al'manahe.

Obobshennye dannye o yavleniyah na 35 let vpered imeyutsya v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, a svedeniya o yavleniyah do 2200 goda v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody.

Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!

 

Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet 54 gradusa (na seredinu nedeli). Momenty nachala i konca grazhdanskih (Grzh.) i navigacionnyh (Nav.) sumerek, a tak zhe voshod, zahod Solnca i dolgota dnya dlya Moskvy na nedelyu ukazany v tablice.

  
data Nav. Grzh.  Voshod Zahod  Grzh.  Noch'  Dol.dnya  
 18 01:19 03:12  04:13 20:39  21:41 23:39  16:25  
 19 01:11 03:10  04:12 20:40  21:43 23:48  16:28  
 20 01:03 03:07  04:10 20:42  21:45 23:59  16:32  
 21 00:52 03:05  04:08 20:44  21:48   -    16:35  
 22 00:26 03:03  04:07 20:46  21:50 00:25  16:38  
 23   -   03:01  04:05 20:47  21:52   -    16:42  
 24   -   02:59  04:04 20:49  21:55   -    16:45  

Tekushie dannye o Solnce i vid ego poverhnosti na dannoe vremya. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31'36" (na seredinu nedeli). Dnevnoe svetilo dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca.

Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 18 maya. Faza Luny na tekushii moment. Fazy Luny na budushee. V tablice ukazany momenty voshoda, verhnei kul'minacii, zahoda, vysota verhnei kul'minacii, faza, radius i ekvatorial'nye koordinaty Luny na moment verhnei kul'minacii dlya Moskvy. Ld - libraciya Luny po dolgote, Lsh - libraciya Luny po shirote, Dt - dolgota utrennego terminatora (libracii - na 00:00 dlya Moskvy).

  
data Vosh  VK   Zahod VKg. faza  radius   koordinaty (VK)    Ld    Lsh      Dt  
 18 04:48 12:41 20:44 +50o 0,00  16'02"   03:54,5  +15o36'  3,7    5,4    264,9  
 19 05:29 13:37 21:50 +52o 0,02  15'50"   04:54,5  +17o17'  4,5    6,5    277,1  
 20 06:18 14:32 22:45 +52o 0,07  15'38"   05:53,6  +17o48'  5,1    7,2    289,3  
 21 07:14 15:25 23:30 +52o 0,13  15'25"   06:50,8  +17o13'  5,3    7,5    301,4  
 22 08:15 16:16   -   +50o 0,21  15'13"   07:45,7  +15o39'  5,2    7,5    313,6  
 23 09:20 17:04 00:07 +48o 0,30  15'02"   08:37,9  +13o17'  4,7    7,1    325,8  
 24 10:26 17:50 00:37 +45o 0,40  14'54"   09:27,9  +10o20'  3,9    6,5    337,9  

Na etoi nedele Luna pri faze 0,00 sblizitsya s Marsom, 19 maya pri faze 0,02 - s Merkuriem, 21 maya pri faze 0,15 - s Veneroi, 24 maya pri faze 0,37 - s Yupiterom.

Planety

Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (severnee Giad), 19 maya menyaya dvizhenie na popyatnoe. Merkurii eshe mozhno nablyudat' na fone vechernei zari u zapadnogo gorizonta, no vo vtoroi polovine nedeli on skroetsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca (elongaciya umen'shitsya do 10 gradusov). Tem ne menee, nablyudatelyam predostavlyaetsya vozmozhnost' zafiksirovat' naibolee tonkii serp planety v samom konce vidimosti, kotoryi dlya raznyh shirot opredelyaetsya opytnym putem. Poiski bystroi planety mozhno nachinat' v binokl' posle zahoda Solnca. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot 2,1m do 4,0m, vidimyi diametr postepenno vozrastaet ot 10,4 do 11,8 uglovyh sekund, a faza umen'shaetsya ot 0,13 do 0,03. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli umen'shaetsya ot 0,67 do 0,57 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher.

Venera. Planeta obladaet pryamym dvizheniem v sozvezdii Bliznecov. Vechernyaya Zvezda yavlyaetsya ukrasheniem sumerechnogo i rannego nochnogo neba. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi belyi oval bez detalei. Opytnye nablyudateli mogut otyskat' Veneru na dnevnom nebe s primeneniem binoklya i nevooruzhennym glazom. Luchshee vremya dlya etogo - vtoraya polovina dnya. Nachinayushim lyubitelyam astronomii takie nablyudeniya nuzhno provodit' v prisutstvii bolee opytnyh nablyudatelei vo izbezhanie napravleniya opticheskogo instrumenta na Solnce, v rezul'tate chego mozhno povredit' zrenie! Elongaciya Venery k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 44,9 gradusa, a uglovye razmery planety - ot 19,2 do 20,5 sekund dugi. Blesk sohranyaetsya na urovne -4,2m pri faze, umen'shayusheisya ot 0,60 do 0,57. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,87 do 0,81 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress.

Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, no ne vidna. Blesk Marsa sostavlyaet +1,4m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei v konce nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 2,53 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity.

Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka i priblizhayas' k granice sozvezdiya L'va. Yupiter dostupen dlya nablyudenii bol'shuyu chast' nochi, a viden on na nebe v vide yarkoi zvezdy zheltovatogo cveta nad yuzhnym i yugo-zapadnym gorizontom v vechernee vremya. Uglovoi diametr samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy umen'shaetsya ot 36,0 do 35,3 sekund dugi (-1,9m), a rasstoyanie ot Zemli uvelichivaetsya ot 5,47 do 5,58 a.e.. Prodolzhaetsya blagopriyatnyi period vidimosti Yupitera. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. V lyubitel'skie teleskopy srednei sily nablyudaetsya prohozhdenie tenei sputnikov po poverhnosti samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy, a takzhe vzaimnye pokrytiya (!!) ee sputnikov. Konfiguracii chetyreh bol'shih sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo.

Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy beta Sco s bleskom +2,6m. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Planeta priblizhaetsya k svoemu protivostoyaniyu. kotoroe nastupit 23 maya, poetomu blesk ee (0,0m) i uglovoi diametr (18,5 sekund dugi) - maksimal'ny. V teleskop horosho vidno kol'co (dostigayushee v dlinu bolee 40 uglovyh sekund pri naklone k nablyudatelyu pod uglom 24 gradusa) i inogda detali poverhnosti planety, a iz sputnikov naibolee dostupen Titan (8,0m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 8,97 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini.

Uran. Planeta (m= +6,0, d= 3,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ryb (u granicy s sozvezdiem Kita) bliz zvezdy dzeta Psc (5,2m). Uran poyavlyaetsya na utrennem nebe, i ego mozhno naiti v binokl' na fone utrennih sumerek. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya teleskop s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,78 do 20,70 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.

Neptun. Planeta (m= +8,0, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya mezhdu zvezdami sigma Aqr (4,8m) i lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, a naiti ego mozhno v binokl' ili teleskop. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Polozhenie samyh dalekih planet na nebesnoi sfere mozhno prosmotret' na zvezdnyh kartah v KN na yanvar' i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,17 do 30,06 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.

Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii 32,11 a.e.. ot Zemli k koncu nedeli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm i prozrachnoe nebo. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty (14 iyulya 2015 goda maksimal'noe sblizhenie).

Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.

Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)

Efemeridy planet i nekotoryh asteroidov na seredinu nedeli

21/05/2015 00:00 dlya Moskvy. Epoha 2000.0 (rasstoyanie do Luny - v radiusah Zemli).

  
                Pryamoe vosh.      Sklonenie     Blesk  Rasst.(a.e.) Vidimost'   Vosh   VK   Zahod  
Uran            01h 09m 39.0s     +06o42'57.2   +5,8   20,751260    00:16 u     03:02 09:45 16:28  
SOLNCE          03h 48m 26.7s     +20o00'02.2   -26,8  1,011971     16:35       04:08 12:26 20:44  
Mars            04h 15m 58.8s     +21o41'25.2   +1,5   2,521666           -     04:24 12:53 21:22  
Merkurii        04h 45m 05.8s     +23o00'19.9   +2,9   0,608480     00:22 v     04:41 13:20 21:56  
LUNA            06h 14m 00.2s     +17o25'13.2   -7,0   60,267985    01:56 v     07:14 15:25 23:30  
Venera          07h 01m 05.1s     +25o28'01.9   -4,4   0,845576     03:07 v     06:35 15:39 00:42  
3 Yunona         09h 09m 23.9s     +13o33'37.4   +10,1  2,649644     03:39 v     10:18 17:45 01:13  
Yupiter          09h 10m 52.4s     +17o11'49.1   -1,8   5,522764     04:06 v     09:54 17:45 01:40  
532 Herculina   15h 53m 38.9s     +01o40'33.7   +8,8   1,458447     05:44 n*    18:14 00:31 06:43  
Saturn          15h 59m 43.8s     -18o20'01.3   +0,2   8,967468     05:44 n*    20:25 00:37 04:44  
2 Pallada       17h 49m 57.3s     +24o02'19.8   +8,9   2,415543     05:44 n*    17:33 02:26 11:15  
1 Cerera        20h 50m 51.2s     -24o14'29.4   +8,0   2,397453     01:11 u     02:07 05:27 08:47  
Neptun          22h 45m 18.2s     -08o43'47.8   +7,9   30,126844    01:09 u     02:09 07:21 12:33  
4 Vesta         23h 43m 19.9s     -06o54'10.3   +7,6   2,506906     00:22 u     02:56 08:20 13:43  
      
    21 maya 2015 goda 00:00 po moskovskomu vremeni. Sblizheniya menee 20 gradusov u svetil:  
03o39'14.0   Yupiter - 3 Yunona  
04o06'31.3   SOLNCE - Pleyady  
06o39'02.4   SOLNCE -  Mars  
06o50'49.4   Merkurii - Al'debaran  
06o51'32.3   Merkurii -  Mars  
06o59'25.3   Mars - Pleyady  
07o00'08.4   Mars - Al'debaran  
10o11'42.6   Venera - Polluks  
10o36'22.2   Saturn - Antares  
10o49'26.9   Merkurii - Elnat (b Tel'ca)  
11o47'47.3   SOLNCE - Al'debaran  
13o14'32.5   Merkurii - Pleyady  
13o30'32.7   SOLNCE -  Merkurii  
13o34'50.6   Venera -  LUNA  
14o27'51.1   3 Yunona - Regul  
14o29'12.2   Neptun - 4 Vesta  
14o51'15.2   Yupiter - Regul  
15o39'06.3   LUNA - Elnat (b Tel'ca)  
17o19'27.5   Mars - Elnat (b Tel'ca)  
19o59'56.2   Saturn - 532 Herculina  

Asteroidy. Na etoi nedele blesk 10m prevysyat asteroidy:

1 Cerera (m=8,6) - v sozvezdii Kozeroga, 2 Pallada (m=9,4) - v sozvezdii Gerkulesa, 4 Vesta (m=7,8) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya i 532 Gerkulina (m=9,1) - v sozvezdii Zmei.

Komety. Blesk komety C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ) (v sozvezdii Cefeya) - slabee 8m. S kazhdym dnem ona stanovitsya vse blizhe k Polyarnoi zvezde (popadaya s nei v pole zreniya binoklya), yavlyayas' nezahodyashim svetilom. Blesk okolo 10m imeet kometa 88P/Howell v sozvezdii Ryb. Karty putei komet i asteroidov imeyutsya v KN na mai. Podrobnye svedeniya ob etih i drugih kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) imeyutsya na saite Seiichi 'oshida, a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://cometbase.net/.

Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.

Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya moskovskoe =UT+3chasa (vsemirnoe vremya UT ukazyvaetsya otdel'no). Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova - veb-versiya AK na 2015 god, vklyuchayushaya obshii obzor zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah mozhno naiti v KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god, AK na 2015 god, Astronomicheskih yavleniyah do 2050 goda, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody, kalendare Salsky i v Al'manahe.

18 maya, 07 chasov 13 minut - Novolunie.

19 maya, 03 chasa 38 minut - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom k popyatnomu dvizheniyu.

20 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,07) bliz Merkuriya.

21 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,15) bliz Venery.

22 maya, vecher - Okonchanie vidimosti Merkuriya v srednih shirotah.

23 maya, 03 chasa 41 minuta - Saturn v protivostoyanii s Solncem.

24 maya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,41) bliz Yupitera.

Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Astrokot i DvaStrel'ca.

Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):

Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Saturna v teleskop.

Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.

Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 21 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Venery i Yupitera v teleskop.

Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate Word (versiya dlya pechati)

Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate pdf (versiya dlya pechati)

Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), programma AK 5.14 (tablichnye dannye), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1280744 (astronomicheskie yavleniya do 2050 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).


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