Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 25 po 31 maya 2015 goda22.05.2015 17:26 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele Merkurii proidet v polutora gradusah yuzhnee Marsa i dostignet nizhnego soedineniya s Solncem. Krome etogo, kometa Lavdzhoya sblizitsya s Polyarnoi zvezdoi do gradusa, a peremennaya zvezda V Gonchih Psov budet dostupna nevooruzhennomu glazu. Vsyu nedelyu vozmozhno poyavlenie serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta.
Prodolzhaetsya period, kogda sputniki Yupitera (pomimo togo, chto pokryvayutsya i zatmevayutsya samoi planetoi i prohodyat pered nei) pokryvayutsya drug drugom. Naprimer, 27 maya Ganimed pokroet Evropu i Io. Podrobnaya tablica soedinenii. Konfiguracii sputnikov mozhno utochnit' po grafiku v KN na mai.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii i Mars ne vidny, Venera i Yupiter nablyudayutsya ves' vecher, Saturn dostupen dlya nablyudenii vsyu noch', a Uran i Neptun mozhno obnaruzhit' v binokl' ili teleskop v utrennie chasy.
Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy i Vesov, obladaya vechernei i nochnoi vidimost'yu. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va. Zdes' Luna sblizitsya s Regulom (prinyav fazu pervoi chetverti), a 26 maya pereidet v sozvezdie Sekstanta, zaderzhavshis' v nem na poldnya. Vtoruyu polovinu sozvezdiya L'va Luna proidet za odin den' i vecherom 27 maya pereidet v sozvezdie Devy, uvelichiv fazu do 0,66. K koncu dnya 29 maya yarkii lunnyi oval vtoroi raz za mesyac proidet severnee Spiki pri faze 0,86, a pod utro 31 maya pereidet v sozvezdie Vesov. Zdes' (bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov) Luna zakonchit svoi put' po vesennemu nebu, nablyudayas' vsyu noch' v vide pochti polnogo lunnogo diska (F= 0,97).
Iz komet vysokim bleskom (okolo 8m) obladaet C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ), kotoraya nahoditsya okolo Polyarnoi zvezdy v sozvezdii Cefeya i Maloi Medvedicy. Kometa 88P/Howell vidna po utram v sozvezdii Kita. Karty putei komet i asteroidov - v KN na mai.
Sredi asteroidov samyi vysokii blesk (7,8m) imeet Vesta, peremeshayushayasya k vostoku po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 8,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: U CET (7,5m) - 25 maya, V CVN (6,8m) - 28 maya.
Iz osnovnyh meteornyh potokov aktivny eta-Akvaridy.
Nekotorye pary svetil, popadayushie v pole zreniya binoklya na dannoi nedele: Luna - Regul, Luna - Spika, Merkurii - Mars, Merkurii - Giady, Saturn - beta Skorpiona, Uran - dzeta Ryb, Neptun - sigma Vodoleya, C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) - Polyarnaya zvezda.
Obzor nebesnyh ob'ektov maya - v zhurnale Nebosvod za mai 2009 goda.
Novosti lyubitel'skoi astronomii na ASTRONET - http://vo.astronet.ru/planet .
Dopolnitel'nye svedeniya o yavleniyah blizhaishego budushego - na saite Bol'shaya Vselennaya, v Astronomicheskom kalendare Sergeya Gur'yanova, a takzhe v Al'manahe.
Obobshennye dannye o yavleniyah na 35 let vpered imeyutsya v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, a svedeniya o yavleniyah do 2200 goda v Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody.
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy sostavlyaet 55 gradusov (na seredinu nedeli). Momenty nachala i konca grazhdanskih (Grzh.) i navigacionnyh (Nav.) sumerek, a tak zhe voshod, zahod Solnca i dolgota dnya dlya Moskvy na nedelyu ukazany v tablice.
data Nav. Grzh. Voshod Zahod Grzh. Noch' Dol.dnya 25 - 02:57 04:02 20:51 21:57 - 16:48 26 - 02:55 04:01 20:52 21:59 - 16:51 27 - 02:53 04:00 20:54 22:01 - 16:54 28 - 02:51 03:58 20:55 22:03 - 16:56 29 - 02:49 03:57 20:57 22:05 - 16:59 30 - 02:47 03:56 20:58 22:07 - 17:02 31 - 02:46 03:55 21:00 22:09 - 17:04
Tekushie dannye o Solnce i vid ego poverhnosti na dannoe vremya. Vidimyi diametr Solnca imeet znachenie 31'34" (na seredinu nedeli). Dnevnoe svetilo dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 25 maya. Faza Luny na tekushii moment. Fazy Luny na budushee. V tablice ukazany momenty voshoda, verhnei kul'minacii, zahoda, vysota verhnei kul'minacii, faza, radius i ekvatorial'nye koordinaty Luny na moment verhnei kul'minacii dlya Moskvy. Ld - libraciya Luny po dolgote, Lsh - libraciya Luny po shirote, Dt - dolgota utrennego terminatora (libracii - na 00:00 dlya Moskvy).
data Vosh VK Zahod VKg. faza radius koordinaty (VK) Ld Lsh Dt 25 11:32 18:34 01:02 +41o 0,49 14'49" 10:15,9 +06o56' 2,9 5,6 350,1 26 12:37 19:17 01:24 +38o 0,59 14'47" 11:02,8 +03o14' 1,7 4,5 2,3 27 13:43 19:59 01:44 +34o 0,68 14'48" 11:49,2 -00o37' 0,4 3,2 14,4 28 14:50 20:42 02:04 +30o 0,77 14'51" 12:35,9 -04o30' -0,9 1,8 26,6 29 15:57 21:26 02:23 +26o 0,85 14'57" 13:23,6 -08o17' -2,2 0,4 38,7 30 17:04 22:11 02:45 +23o 0,91 15'05" 14:13,0 -11o48' -3,2 -1,0 50,9 31 18:13 22:58 03:09 +20o 0,96 15'14" 15:04,6 -14o52' -4,1 -2,3 63,1
Na etoi nedele Luna ne sblizitsya ni s odnoi planetoi.
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca (severnee Giad). Merkurii skryvaetsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca, a na utrennem nebe poyavitsya v konce iyunya. V konce nedeli on proidet nizhnee soedinenie s Solncem i sblizitsya s Zemlei do minimal'nogo rasstoyaniya. Blesk planety umen'shaetsya ot 4,0m do 5,4m, vidimyi diametr postepenno vozrastaet ot 11,8 do 12,2 uglovyh sekund, a faza imeet znachenie okolo 0. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli umen'shaetsya ot 0,57 do 0,55 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher.
Venera. Planeta obladaet pryamym dvizheniem v sozvezdii Bliznecov bliz ego samyh yarkih zvezd (Kastor i Polluks). Vechernyaya Zvezda yavlyaetsya ukrasheniem sumerechnogo i rannego nochnogo neba. V teleskop viden nebol'shoi belyi poludisk bez detalei. Opytnye nablyudateli mogut otyskat' Veneru na dnevnom nebe s primeneniem binoklya i nevooruzhennym glazom. Luchshee vremya dlya etogo - vtoraya polovina dnya. Nachinayushim lyubitelyam astronomii takie nablyudeniya nuzhno provodit' v prisutstvii bolee opytnyh nablyudatelei vo izbezhanie napravleniya opticheskogo instrumenta na Solnce, v rezul'tate chego mozhno povredit' zrenie! Elongaciya Venery k koncu nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 45,3 gradusa, a uglovye razmery planety - ot 20,5 do 22,0 sekund dugi. Blesk sohranyaetsya na urovne -4,2m pri faze, umen'shayusheisya ot 0,57 do 0,53. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,81 do 0,76 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress.
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca, no ne vidna. Blesk Marsa sostavlyaet +1,4m, a vidimyi diametr - okolo 4 sekund dugi. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei v konce nedeli uvelichivaetsya do 2,54 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity.
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant imeet pryamoe dvizhenie, peremeshayas' po sozvezdiyu Raka i priblizhayas' k granice sozvezdiya L'va. Yupiter dostupen dlya nablyudenii bol'shuyu chast' nochi, a viden on na nebe v vide yarkoi zvezdy zheltovatogo cveta nad yuzhnym i yugo-zapadnym gorizontom v vechernee vremya. Uglovoi diametr samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy umen'shaetsya ot 35,3 do 34,6 sekund dugi (-1,9m), a rasstoyanie ot Zemli uvelichivaetsya ot 5,58 do 5,68 a.e.. Prodolzhaetsya blagopriyatnyi period vidimosti Yupitera. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. V lyubitel'skie teleskopy srednei sily nablyudaetsya prohozhdenie tenei sputnikov po poverhnosti samoi bol'shoi planety Solnechnoi sistemy, a takzhe vzaimnye pokrytiya (!!) ee sputnikov. Konfiguracii chetyreh bol'shih sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na mai. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo.
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy beta Sco s bleskom +2,6m. Saturn mozhno nablyudat' bol'shuyu chast' nochi. Planeta nahoditsya bliz protivostoyaniya s Solncem, poetomu blesk ee (0,0m) i uglovoi diametr (18,5 sekund dugi) - maksimal'ny. V teleskop horosho vidno kol'co (dostigayushee v dlinu bolee 40 uglovyh sekund pri naklone k nablyudatelyu pod uglom 24 gradusa) i inogda detali poverhnosti planety, a iz sputnikov naibolee dostupen Titan (8,0m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 8,97 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini.
Uran. Planeta (m= +6,0, d= 3,3 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ryb (u granicy s sozvezdiem Kita) bliz zvezdy dzeta Psc (5,2m). Uran poyavlyaetsya na utrennem nebe, i ego mozhno naiti v binokl' na fone utrennih sumerek. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya teleskop s uvelicheniem ot 80 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,70 do 20,62 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.
Neptun. Planeta (m= +8,0, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya mezhdu zvezdami sigma Aqr (4,8m) i lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na utrennem nebe, a naiti ego mozhno v binokl' ili teleskop. Dlya rassmotreniya diska planety ponadobitsya instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Polozhenie samyh dalekih planet na nebesnoi sfere mozhno prosmotret' na zvezdnyh kartah v KN na yanvar' i Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 30,06 do 29,94 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2.
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (bliz trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii 32,04 a.e.. ot Zemli k koncu nedeli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm i prozrachnoe nebo. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty (14 iyulya 2015 goda maksimal'noe sblizhenie).
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy planet i nekotoryh asteroidov na seredinu nedeli
28/05/2015 00:00 dlya Moskvy. Epoha 2000.0 (rasstoyanie do Luny - v radiusah Zemli).
Pryamoe vosh. Sklonenie Blesk Rasst.(a.e.) Vidimost' Vosh VK Zahod
Uran 01h 10m 49.0s +06o49'57.0" +5,8 20,670077 00:30 u 02:35 09:19 16:03
SOLNCE 04h 16m 39.5s +21o18'45.0" -26,8 1,013232 16:56 03:58 12:26 20:55
Merkurii 04h 35m 34.9s +20o43'25.8" +7,0 0,555138 - 04:24 12:42 20:58
Mars 04h 36m 44.9s +22o31'34.2" +1,5 2,537421 - 04:10 12:46 21:22
Venera 07h 32m 52.8s +24o28'26.7" -4,4 0,789513 02:47 v 06:49 15:43 00:36
Yupiter 09h 14m 20.6s +16o55'51.7" -1,8 5,629307 03:25 v 09:32 17:21 01:14
3 Yunona 09h 18m 36.8s +13o17'58.0" +10,2 2,755568 03:04 v 10:02 17:26 00:53
LUNA 11h 54m 57.3s -01o14'40.4" -11,2 63,295772 04:14 v 14:50 20:42 02:04
532 Herculina 15h 47m 13.5s +01o15'19.7" +8,8 1,475943 05:16 n* 17:42 23:52 06:07
Saturn 15h 57m 34.3s -18o14'07.7" +0,2 8,970066 05:16 n* 19:55 00:07 04:15
2 Pallada 17h 44m 58.0s +24o46'24.2" +8,9 2,402536 05:16 n* 16:54 01:54 10:49
1 Cerera 20h 53m 07.0s -24o37'24.8" +7,9 2,314292 01:19 u 01:45 05:02 08:19
Neptun 22h 45m 34.6s -08o42'25.1" +7,9 30,009560 01:23 u 01:42 06:54 12:06
4 Vesta 23h 53m 47.7s -06o06'43.9" +7,6 2,436599 00:30 u 02:34 08:02 13:31
28 maya 2015 goda 00:00 po moskovskomu vremeni. Sblizheniya menee 20 gradusov u svetil:
01o49'21.2" Merkurii - Mars
03o46'29.7" Yupiter - 3 Yunona
04o13'02.3" Merkurii - Al'debaran
04o27'18.6" SOLNCE - Merkurii
04o30'48.3" Venera - Polluks
04o48'52.5" SOLNCE - Mars
06o01'19.3" Mars - Al'debaran
06o37'12.5" SOLNCE - Al'debaran
07o16'54.9" SOLNCE - Pleyady
11o00'32.0" Saturn - Antares
11o24'55.1" Mars - Pleyady
11o36'46.2" Merkurii - Pleyady
12o12'33.9" 3 Yunona - Regul
12o42'31.0" Mars - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
13o56'35.2" Merkurii - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
13o59'00.8" Yupiter - Regul
17o06'26.8" Neptun - 4 Vesta
17o21'37.0" SOLNCE - Elnat (b Tel'ca)
19o39'23.1" Saturn - 532 Herculina
Asteroidy. Na etoi nedele blesk 10m prevysyat asteroidy:
1 Cerera (m=8,5) - v sozvezdii Kozeroga, 2 Pallada (m=9,4) - v sozvezdii Gerkulesa, 4 Vesta (m=7,8) - v sozvezdii Vodoleya i Ryb i 532 Gerkulina (m=9,2) - v sozvezdii Zmei.
Komety. Blesk komety C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ) (v sozvezdii Cefeya i Maloi Medvedicy) - okolo 8m. S kazhdym dnem ona stanovitsya vse blizhe k Polyarnoi zvezde, 28 maya prohodya v graduse ot nee. Blesk okolo 10m imeet kometa 88P/Howell v sozvezdii Ryb. Karty putei komet i asteroidov imeyutsya v KN na mai. Podrobnye svedeniya ob etih i drugih kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) imeyutsya na saite Seiichi 'oshida, a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://cometbase.net/
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli.
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya moskovskoe =UT+3chasa (vsemirnoe vremya UT ukazyvaetsya otdel'no). Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova - veb-versiya AK na 2015 god, vklyuchayushaya obshii obzor zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii maya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah mozhno naiti v KN na mai, Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2015 god, AK na 2015 god, Astronomicheskih yavleniyah do 2050 goda, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2016 - 2050 gody, Kratkom Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2051 - 2200 gody, kalendare Salsky i v Al'manahe.
25 maya, 20 chasov 19 minut - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
26 maya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda U Kita bliz maksimuma bleska (6,5m).
27 maya, 01 chas 15 minut - Luna (F= 0,61) v apogee na rasstoyanii 404245 km. ot Zemli.
28 maya, noch' - Kometa C/2014 Q2 ( Lovejoy ) prohodit v graduse ot Polyarnoi zvezdy.
29 maya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda V Gonchih Psov bliz maksimuma bleska (6,0m).
30 maya, 14 chasov 02 minuty - Merkurii v nizhnem soedinenii s Solncem.
31 maya, i vsyu nedelyu - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na fone sumerechnogo segmenta v srednih shirotah.
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Astrokot i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yugo-vostochnoi i yuzhnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 25 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Saturna v teleskop.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 25 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid zapadnoi i severo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 28 maya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy. Vo vrezke pokazan vid Venery i Yupitera v teleskop.
Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate Word (versiya dlya pechati)
Astronomicheskaya nedelya v formate pdf (versiya dlya pechati)
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N05 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), programma AK 5.14 (tablichnye dannye), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1280744 (astronomicheskie yavleniya do 2050 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1280744|
Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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