Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 16 po 22 iyulya 2018 goda1.07.2018 6:40 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele Luna (F= 0,13+) proidet severnee Venery (otlichnaya vozmozhnost' naiti planetu na dnevnom nebe nevooruzhennym glazom), Luna dostignet fazy pervoi chetverti, a Merkurii afeliya svoei orbity. Asteroid Thisbe (88) proidet protivostoyanie s Solncem (9,7m), a Luna (F= 0,63+) sblizitsya s Yupiterom. Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya sezon serebristyh oblakov, kotorye poyavlyayutsya na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek. Vesta imeet blesk okolo 6 zvezdnoi velichiny i mozhet byt' naidena nevooruzhennym glazom pri blagopriyatnyh usloviyah.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 54 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 16 chasov 40 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 31,48 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Bliznecov do 20 iyulya, perehodya zatem v sozvezdie Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu pervoi chetverti 19 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya L'va, Devy , Vesov, Skorpiona, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,1+ do 0,8+ i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii. Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii L'va, nablyudayas' bliz Regula i Venery. Sozvezdiya Devy Luna dostignet 17 iyulya pri faze prevyshayushei 0,2+. Postepenno uvelichivaya fazu 19 iyulya Luna dostignet pervoi chetverti i budet nablyudat'sya bliz Spiki, nahodyas' dostatochno nizko nad gorizontom. 20 iyulya yarkii lunnyi oval (F= 0,6+) budet dvigat'sya po sozvezdiyu Vesov severnee Yupitera. 21 i 22 iyulya Luna sovershit puteshestvie po sozvezdiyu Vesov, vo vtoroi polovine dnya 22 iyulya posetiv sozvezdie Skorpiona. Faza Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii eshe viden v luchah zahodyashego Solnca. Venera yarko siyaet na fone vechernei zari. Mars, Saturn i Yupiter nablyudayutsya vecherom i noch'yu, a Uran i Neptun mozhno naiti na utrennem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Cefeya, imeya blesk okolo 9m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2017 S3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyam Zhirafa i Voznichego pri bleske okolo 10m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi i udobnymi dlya nablyudenii na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (8,8m) v sozvezdii L'va i Vesta (5,9m) v sozvezdii Zmeenosca. Vestu pri blagopriyatnyh usloviyah mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: RS Gerkulesa 7,9m - 16 iyulya, ST Andromedy 8,2m - 16 iyulya, R Ovna 8,2m - 17 iyulya, R Raka 6,8m - 21 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Regul, Luna - Venera, Luna - Yupiter, Venera - Regul, Merkurii - Regul, Saturn - M22, Vesta - teta Zmeenosca, Yupiter - al'fa Vesov, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 16 iyulya - v 1795 godu, 17 iyulya - v 1833 godu, 18 iyulya - v 1860 godu, 19 iyulya - v 0939 godu, 20 iyulya - v 1963 godu, 21 iyulya - v 1656 godu, 22 iyulya - v 2009 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 20 iyulya (7 zatmenii !), a men'she vsego 19 iyulya (3 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Astronomicheskie yavleniya proshlogo i tekushego stoletii imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Merkurii nablyudaetsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca, a elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli umen'shaetsya do 23 gradusov. Uglovye razmery planety sostavlyayut okolo 9 sekund dugi pri bleske, snizhayushemsya do 1m i faze, umen'shayusheisya ot 0,4 do 0,25. V teleskop nablyudaetsya krohotnyi serp bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,80 do 0,69 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Venera yarkoi zvezdoi vidna na vechernem nebe, postepenno otdalyayas' ot Solnca do 44 gradusov koncu nedeli. Prodolzhitel'nost' vechernei vidimosti planety sostavlyaet bolee 2 chasov, no ona vidna dazhe dnem nevooruzhennym glazom. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 19 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet -4,2m pri faze okolo 0,6. V teleskop nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,95 do 0,89 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba. Blesk planety dostigaet -2,7m, a vidimyi diametr - pochti 24 sekund dugi (!). Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii planety. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,40 do 0,39 a.e. 27 iyulya Mars dostignet velikogo protivostoyaniya (raz v 17 let). Stat'ya ob etom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vecherom i noch'yu. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 39,0 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,0m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli, vozrastayushem za nedelyu do 5,05 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul',. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Planetu mozhno nablyudat' vsyu noch', t.k. nahoditsya ona bliz protivostoyaniya s Solncem. Blesk planety imeet znachenie 0m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet 18,3 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 9,14 a.e. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ovna (u granic s sozvezdiem Kita i Ryb), bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 20,02 do 19,92 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom, no v srednih shirotah takaya vozmozhnost' predstavitsya lish' v konce leta. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,33 do 29,24 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty .
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 17 Jul 2018 10h49m15.07s +16 39.459' 2.569 3.203 8.8 43.9 62.18 115.9 Leo 21 Jul 2018 10h55m29.86s +15 55.827' 2.570 3.237 8.8 41.8 62.76 115.9 Leo Pallada (2) 17 Jul 2018 8h03m27.68s + 1 50.723' 2.134 3.060 8.9 20.0 82.61 91.4 CMi 21 Jul 2018 8h12m15.65s + 1 46.664' 2.134 3.068 8.8 19.0 82.37 92.1 Hya Yunona (3) 17 Jul 2018 2h22m54.02s + 9 37.590' 2.132 2.106 9.6 77.6 65.57 83.7 Cet 21 Jul 2018 2h29m54.83s + 9 48.002' 2.124 2.056 9.5 79.7 64.68 84.9 Cet Vesta (4) 17 Jul 2018 17h29m07.98s -21 44.540' 2.165 1.231 6.0 148.7 21.68 240.8 Oph 21 Jul 2018 17h27m13.13s -22 01.363' 2.167 1.258 6.1 144.4 17.71 233.9 Oph Thisbe (88) 17 Jul 2018 19h58m05.44s -17 27.674' 2.334 1.320 9.7 175.0 32.20 271.4 Sgr 21 Jul 2018 19h54m28.39s -17 26.660' 2.333 1.317 9.7 176.6 32.40 270.9 Sgr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
16 iyulya, vecher - Luna (F= 0,15+) prohodit severnee Venery
17 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda RS Gerkulesa bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
18 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na sumerechnom segmente.
19 iyulya, 19 chasov 52 minuty - Luna v faze pervoi chetverti.
20 iyulya, 00 chasov 00 minut - Asteroid Thisbe (88) v protivostoyanii s Solncem (9,7m).
21 iyulya, noch' - Luna (F= 0,63+) prohodit severnee Yupitera.
22 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Raka bliz maksimuma bleska (6m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 19 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 19 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 19 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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Publikacii s klyuchevymi slovami:
astronomicheskaya nedelya - lyubitel'skaya astronomiya - nebo - nevooruzhennym glazom
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