Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 23 po 29 iyulya 2018 goda20.07.2018 6:32 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele (nasyshennoi astronomicheskimi yavleniyami) dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Orla dostignet maksimuma bleska (5m), a 25 iyulya Luna (F= 0,93+) proidet severnee Saturna. 25 iyulya Merkurii okazhetsya v stoyanii s perehodom ot pryamogo dvizheniya k popyatnomu, a Luna (F= 0,95+) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. 27 iyulya nastupit velikoe protivostoyanie Marsa pri polnom lunnom zatmenii (samoe prodolzhitel'noe lunnoe zatmenie v tekushem stoletii - 103 minuty) pri vidimosti v Rossii (!!). V etot zhe den' Luna (F= 1,0) proidet apogei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 406220 km ot centra Zemli bliz nishodyashego uzla svoei orbity. 27 iyulya dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Andromedy dostignet maksimuma bleska (6m). Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya sezon serebristyh oblakov, kotorye poyavlyayutsya na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek. Vesta imeet blesk okolo 6 zvezdnoi velichiny i mozhet byt' naidena nevooruzhennym glazom pri blagopriyatnyh usloviyah.
Stat'i o lunnyh zatmeniyah na Astronet: http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1208455 i http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1341897
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 53 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 16 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 31,50 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu Raka. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu polnoluniya 27 iyulya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Skorpiona, Zmeenosca, Strel'ca, Kozeroga i Vodoleya, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,8+ do 1,0 i umen'shaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii (do serediny nedeli, a zatem uvelichivaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Skorpiona. 23 iyulya Luna pri faze 0,8+ peresechet granicu s sozvezdiem Zmeenosca, i budet nablyudat'sya nizko nad gorizontom pochti vsyu noch'. 24 iyulya pochti yarkaya Luna (F= 0,9+) pereidet v sozvezdie Strel'ca i sovershit pochti trehdnevnoe puteshestvie po etomu sozvezdiyu, proidya v nachale etogo puti severnee Saturna (bliz maksimal'nogo skloneniya k yugu ot nebesnogo ekvatora), a v konce opisyvaemogo perioda prakticheski dostignuv polnoluniya. No etu fazu nochnoe svetilo primet uzhe v sozvezdii Kozeroga, v kotoroe pereidet 27 iyulya. V eto polnolunie proizoidet polnoe lunnoe zatmenie (samoe prodolzhitel'noe v 21 veke - 103 minuty!!). Krome etogo, etot den' Mars dostignet velikogo protivostoyaniya s Solncem. Zatmivshayasya Luna i Mars v velikom protivostoyanii - ves'ma interesnaya v astronomicheskom i zrelishnom otnoshenii konfiguraciya svetil! Lunnyi disk v eto vremya budet nahodit'sya bliz apogeya svoei orbity. Zakonchiv eto nebesnoe shou, yarkaya Luna ustremitsya k sozvezdiyu Vodoleya, granicu kotorogo peresechet 29 iyulya pri faze 0,97-. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii eshe viden v luchah zahodyashego Solnca v yuzhnyh shirotah. Venera yarko siyaet na fone vechernei zari. Mars, Saturn i Yupiter nablyudayutsya vecherom i noch'yu, a Uran i Neptun mozhno naiti na utrennem nebe. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103 . Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Cefeya, imeya blesk okolo 9m. Kometa PANSTARRS (C/2017 S3) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego pri bleske okolo 9m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na iyul', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi i udobnymi dlya nablyudenii na dannoi nedele budut: Cerera (8,8m) v sozvezdii L'va i Vesta (6,1m) v sozvezdii Zmeenosca. Vestu pri blagopriyatnyh usloviyah mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignut: R Orla 6,1m - 23 iyulya, RV Orla 9,0m - 25 iyulya, R Andromedy 6,9m - 27 iyulya, T Centavra 5,5m - 27 iyulya, S Cefeya 8,3m - 27 iyulya, S Pegasa 8,0m - 27 iyulya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Yupiter, Luna - Antares, Luna - Saturn, Luna - Mars, Venera - Regul, Merkurii - Regul, Saturn - M22, Vesta - teta Zmeenosca, Yupiter - al'fa Vesov, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 23 iyulya - v 1153 godu, 24 iyulya - v 1702 godu, 25 iyulya - v 1786 godu, 26 iyulya - v 1348 godu, 27 iyulya - v 1832 godu, 28 iyulya - v 1851 godu, 29 iyulya - v 1878 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 23, 27 i 29 iyulya (po 7 zatmenii !), a men'she vsego 28 iyulya (3 zatmeniya). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Merkurii nablyudaetsya v luchah zahodyashego Solnca, a elongaciya planety k koncu nedeli umen'shaetsya do 17 gradusov. Uglovye razmery planety sostavlyayut okolo 10 sekund dugi pri bleske, snizhayushemsya do 2m i faze, umen'shayusheisya ot 0,25 do 0,10. V teleskop nablyudaetsya krohotnyi serp bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,69 do 0,62 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Venera yarkoi zvezdoi vidna na vechernem nebe, postepenno otdalyayas' ot Solnca do 45 gradusov koncu nedeli. Prodolzhitel'nost' vechernei vidimosti planety sostavlyaet okolo 2 chasov, no ona vidna dazhe dnem nevooruzhennym glazom. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 20 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet -4,2m pri faze okolo 0,6. V teleskop nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi oval bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,89 do 0,83 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba. Blesk planety dostigaet -2,8m (!), a vidimyi diametr - 24,3 sekund dugi (!). Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii planety. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei umen'shaetsya ot 0,39 do 0,385 a.e.. 27 iyulya Mars dostignet velikogo protivostoyaniya (raz v 17 let). Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov. Yupiter nablyudaetsya vecherom i noch'yu. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 38,1 sekund dugi pri bleske -2,0m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli, vozrastayushem za nedelyu do 5,17 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Strel'ca. Planetu mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,2m, a uglovoi diametr sostavlyaet 18,1 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 9,20 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem v sozvezdii Ovna (u granic s sozvezdiem Kita i Ryb), bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m). Uran nahoditsya na utrennem nebe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,92 do 19,78 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom, no v srednih shirotah takaya vozmozhnost' predstavitsya lish' v konce leta. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun nahoditsya na nochnom i utrennem nebe, a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom umen'shaetsya ot 29,24 do 29,15 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty .
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son. Cerera (1) 25 Jul 2018 11h01m46.44s +15 11.731' 2.571 3.270 8.8 39.7 63.29 116.0 Leo 29 Jul 2018 11h08m04.60s +14 27.211' 2.572 3.301 8.8 37.6 63.79 116.0 Leo Pallada (2) 25 Jul 2018 8h21m01.76s + 1 41.001' 2.134 3.076 8.8 18.1 82.11 92.8 Hya 29 Jul 2018 8h29m45.82s + 1 33.809' 2.134 3.082 8.8 17.3 81.84 93.5 Hya Yunona (3) 25 Jul 2018 2h36m50.67s + 9 56.109' 2.115 2.006 9.5 81.8 63.73 86.1 Cet 29 Jul 2018 2h43m40.84s +10 01.814' 2.108 1.956 9.4 84.0 62.69 87.5 Cet Vesta (4) 25 Jul 2018 17h25m50.52s -22 17.951' 2.168 1.287 6.2 140.3 14.03 222.8 Oph 29 Jul 2018 17h25m00.97s -22 34.276' 2.170 1.319 6.3 136.3 11.16 205.0 Oph Thisbe (88) 25 Jul 2018 19h50m52.45s -17 25.992' 2.331 1.319 9.8 173.6 31.86 270.6 Sgr 29 Jul 2018 19h47m22.44s -17 25.551' 2.329 1.324 9.9 169.3 30.63 270.4 Sgr a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0, r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.), m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas), RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii iyulya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na iyul', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
23 iyulya, noch' - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Orla dostigaet maksimuma bleska (5m).
24 iyulya i vsyu nedelyu, sumerki - Vozmozhnost' poyavleniya serebristyh oblakov na sumerechnom segmente.
25 iyulya, 07 chasov 22 minuty - Merkurii v stoyanii s perehodom ot pryamogo dvizheniya k popyatnomu.
26 iyulya, vecher - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda R Andromedy dostigaet maksimuma bleska (6m).
27 iyulya, 20 chasov 20 minut - Polnolunie.
27 iyulya, 20 chasov 22 minuty - Polnoe lunnoe zatmenie (samoe prodolzhitel'noe v tekushem stoletii - 103 minuty) pri velikom protivostoyanii Marsa.
28 iyulya, noch' - Luna (F= 1,0) bliz Marsa.
29 iyulya, utro - Dolgoperiodicheskaya peremennaya zvezda S Pegasa bliz maksimuma bleska (7m).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 26 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 26 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yugo-zapadnoi i zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 26 iyulya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N07 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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