Astronomicheskaya nedelya s 3 po 9 sentyabrya 2018 goda24.08.2018 8:20 | Aleksandr Kozlovskii
Na dannoi nedele 3 sentyabrya proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi pri faze poslednei chetverti zvezdy Al'debaran pri vidimosti v severnyh shirotah (v Rossii ne vidno), a 4 sentyabrya Lunoi (F= 0,3-) pokroetsya zvezda nyu Bliznecov (4,1m) pri vidimosti v zapadnoi polovine Rossii. Na sleduyushii den' Luna (F= 0,3-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora. 6 sentyabrya Merkurii proidet v graduse severnee Regula, Saturn dostignet stoyaniya s perehodom ot popyatnogo dvizheniya k pryamomu, a Luna (F= 0,11-) okazhetsya v voshodyashem uzle svoei orbity. Na sleduyushii den' Neptun vstupit v protivostoyanie s Solncem. 8 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,04-) proidet perigei svoei orbity na rasstoyanii 361350 km ot centra Zemli (bliz Regula i Merkuriya), a takzhe proizoidet pokrytie Lunoi pri faze 0,01- Merkuriya pri vidimosti utrom v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke. V konce nedeli pri novolunii nastupit maksimum meteornogo potoka Sentyabr'skie epsilon-Perseidy (ZHR= 5). Krome etogo, prodolzhaetsya sezon serebristyh oblakov, kotorye poyavlyayutsya na fone vechernih i utrennih sumerek, a kometa P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) imeet pochti maksimal'nyi blesk (yarche 8m) i otlichnye usloviya nablyudenii na territorii nashei strany.
Solnce. Maksimal'naya vysota dnevnogo svetila nad gorizontom na shirote Moskvy umen'shaetsya do 39 gradusov, a dolgota dnya na toi zhe shirote - do 13 chasov 10 minut. Vidimyi diametr Solnca za opisyvaemyi period uvelichivaetsya do 31,75 minut dugi, a dvizhetsya ono po sozvezdiyu L'va. Dannye o Solnce na tekushee vremya.
Luna. Estestvennyi sputnik Zemli vstupaet v fazu novoluniya 9 sentyabrya. Luna v svoem dvizhenii po nebesnoi sfere posetit sozvezdiya Tel'ca, Bliznecov, Raka, L'va, izmenyaya fazu ot 0,5- do 0,0 i uvelichivaya sklonenie, a takzhe vysotu verhnei kul'minacii do 5 sentyabrya (a zatem - umen'shaya). Nachalo nedeli nochnoe svetilo provedet v sozvezdii Tel'ca. Zdes' v noch' so 2 na 3 sentyabrya Luna pokroet Al'debaran pri faze 0,5- i vidimosti v Severnoi Amerike i Grenlandii. Prodolzhiv puteshestvie po sozvezdiyu Tel'ca do 4 sentyabrya, serp Luny (F= 0,35-) posetit v etot den' sozvezdie Oriona, a zatem pereidet v sozvezdie Bliznecov. Zdes' 5 sentyabrya Luna (F= 0,3-) proidet tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora, a 6 sentyabrya pri faze 0,15- pereidet v sozvezdie Raka. Zdes' staryi mesyac (F= 0,1-) proidet yuzhnee zvezdnogo skopleniya Yasli - M44 (bliz voshodyashego uzla svoei orbity i perigeya svoei orbity). 7 sentyabrya Luna pereidet v sozvezdie L'va (F= 0,06-), ustremivshis' k Regulu i Merkuriyu, severnee kotoryh proidet 8 sentyabrya pri samoi maloi faze (pokrytie Merkuriya pri vidimosti v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke). 9 sentyabrya Luna primet fazu novoluniya i vyidet na vechernee nebo. Fazy Luny na dannoe vremya i na budushee.
Iz planet Solnechnoi sistemy: Merkurii viden na fone utrennei zari, a Venera nablyudaetsya na fone vechernei zari (vidna takzhe i dnem). Mars, Saturn i Yupiter mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie chasy, a Uran i Neptun vidny prakticheski vsyu noch'. Podrobnye efemeridy i karty dvizheniya bol'shih planet dayutsya v pechatnoi versii AK_2018 na http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1364103. Efemeridy planet na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya takzhe na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/ephemeris.html .
Iz komet hvostataya strannica P/Giacobini-Zinner (21P) dvizhetsya po sozvezdiyu Voznichego, imeya pochti maksimal'nyi blesk yarche 8m. Karty putei komet i asteroidov na mesyac imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr', a na drugie periody - v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god. Podrobnye svedeniya o kometah nedeli i mesyaca (s kartami i prognozami bleska) privodyatsya na http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html , a rezul'taty nablyudenii na http://195.209.248.207/ .
Sredi asteroidov naibolee yarkimi i udobnymi dlya nablyudenii na dannoi nedele budut: Vesta (7,0m) v sozvezdii Zmeenosca i Yunona (8,7m) v sozvezdii Tel'ca.
Iz otnositel'no yarkih (do 9,0m fotograficheskogo bleska) dolgoperiodicheskih peremennyh zvezd (po dannym AAVSO), nablyudaemyh s territorii nashei strany, maksimuma bleska dostignet U Devy 8,2m - 9 sentyabrya.
Nekotorye blizkie pary svetil: Luna - Al'debaran, Luna - M44 (Yasli), Luna - Merkurii, Luna - Regul, Venera - Spika, Saturn - M21, Vesta - teta Zmeenosca, Yupiter - al'fa Vesov, Uran - omikron Ryb, Neptun - lyambda Vodoleya.
Obzor tumannyh nebesnyh ob'ektov mesyaca - v zhurnale Nebosvod . Videokalendar' predstoyashih yavlenii http://www.youtube.com/user/AstroSmit i http://www.youtube.com/c/AstroMich .
Nedel'nyi obzor ot zhurnala "Skai end Teleskop", no nuzhno uchityvat', chto kartinki dayutsya dlya 40 severnoi shiroty, a polozhenie Luny i planet na 7 chasov pozdnee otnositel'no moskovskogo vremeni!
Yasnogo neba i uspeshnyh nablyudenii!
Eto interesno! Predydushee polnoe solnechnoe zatmenie imelo mesto: 3 sentyabrya - v 1690 godu, 4 sentyabrya - v 1728 godu, 5 sentyabrya - v 0248 godu, 6 sentyabrya - v 1755 godu, 7 sentyabrya - v 1858 godu, 8 sentyabrya - v 1885 godu, 9 sentyabrya - v 1904 godu. Bol'she vsego (za proshedshie dve tysyachi let) polnyh zatmenii v eti dni bylo 4 sentyabrya (7 zatmenii !), a men'she vsego 5 sentyabrya (1 zatmenie). Your Guide to the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Svedeniya ob astronomicheskih yavleniyah proshlogo i tekushego stoletii mozhno naiti v Astronomicheskom kalendare-spravochnike na Astronet http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 .
Merkurii. Planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu L'va. Merkurii nablyudaetsya na fone utrennei zari, a prodolzhitel'nost' vidimosti ego v nachale nedeli sostavlyaet okolo chasa. Elongaciya planety za nedelyu umen'shaetsya do 10 gradusov. Uglovye razmery planety umen'shayutsya ot 6,0 do 5,3 sekund dugi pri bleske, vozrastayushem ot -0,9m do -1,3m i faze, uvelichivayusheisya ot 0,7 do 0,9. Idet samaya luchshaya utrennyaya vidimost' Merkuriya v 2018 godu. V teleskop planeta vidna v vide krohotnogo ovala. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Merkuriem i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 1,08 do 1,26 a.e.. Polozheniya planety vo vremya vseh elongacii 2018 goda imeyutsya v Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god . Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Messendzher. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mercury2018.html
Venera. Planeta dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Devy bliz Spiki. Venera vidna na vechernem nebe, postepenno sblizhayas' s Solncem (okolo 43,5 gradusov). Prodolzhitel'nost' vechernei vidimosti planety v srednih shirotah sostavlyaet okolo poluchasa, no ona vidna dazhe dnem nevooruzhennym glazom. Vidimyi diametr Venery uvelichivaetsya do 33,4 uglovyh sekund, a blesk sostavlyaet -4,6m pri faze okolo 0,35. V teleskop nablyudaetsya nebol'shoi poludisk bez detalei. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Veneroi umen'shaetsya ot 0,56 do 0,50 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Venera-Ekspress. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/venus2018.html
Mars. Zagadochnaya planeta peremeshaetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Kozeroga. Mars mozhno nablyudat' v vechernie i nochnye chasy v yuzhnoi chasti neba v vide yarkoi krasnovatoi zvezdy. Blesk planety snizhaetsya do -1,9m, a vidimyi diametr - do 19,4 sekund dugi. Idet blagopriyatnyi period nablyudenii Marsa. V teleskop mozhno rassmotret' disk s detalyami poverhnosti planety. Fotografirovanie planety s nalozheniem izobrazhenii pri pomoshi programmnogo obespecheniya, dadut luchshii rezul'tat po sravneniyu s vizual'nymi nablyudeniyami. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Marsom i Zemlei uvelichivaetsya ot 0,45 do 0,49 a.e.. 27 iyulya Mars proshel velikoe protivostoyanie (kotoroe byvaet raz v 17 let). Stat'ya ob etom astronomicheskom sobytii imeetsya v zhurnale Nebosvod za yanvar' 2018 goda i na Astronet. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - MSL Curiosity. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/mars2018.html
Yupiter. Gazovyi gigant dvizhetsya v odnom napravlenii s Solncem po sozvezdiyu Vesov bliz zvezdy al'fa Vesov. Yupiter nablyudaetsya v vechernie chasy. Uglovoi diametr planety umen'shaetsya do 34,2 sekund dugi pri bleske okolo -1,8m i rasstoyanii ot Zemli, vozrastayushem za nedelyu do 5,76 a.e.. V nebol'shoi teleskop mozhno razglyadet' polosy na diske planety (parallel'no ekvatoru) i drugie detali, a takzhe pokrytiya sputnikov planetoi, zatmeniya i prohozhdeniya ih pered planetoi. Konfiguracii sputnikov Yupitera imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr'. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Galileo. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/jupiter2018.html
Saturn. Okol'covannaya planeta dvizhetsya popyatno do serediny nedeli, a zatem menyaet dvizhenie na pryamoe (sozvezdie Strel'ca). Planetu mozhno nablyudat' vecherom i noch'yu. Blesk planety imeet znachenie +0,4m, a uglovoi diametr umen'shaetsya do 17,1 sekund dugi. V teleskop vidno kol'co planety i samyi yarkii sputnik Titan (8m). Drugie otnositel'no yarkie sputniki Saturna mozhno razglyadet' v teleskopy s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 100 mm. Rasstoyanie ot Zemli do Saturna uvelichivaetsya do 9,72 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Kassini. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/saturn2018.html
Uran. Planeta (m= +5,8, d= 3,4 ugl. sek.) dvizhetsya popyatno v sozvezdii Ovna (u granic s sozvezdiem Kita i Ryb), bliz zvezdy omikron Psc (4,2m). Uran mozhno nablyudat' pochti vsyu noch'. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Uranom umen'shaetsya za nedelyu ot 19,23 do 19,17 a.e.. V otsutstvii Luny i zasvetki pri prozrachnom nebe planetu mozhno naiti nevooruzhennym glazom. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/uranus2018.html
Neptun. Planeta (m= +7,9, d= 2,3 ugl. sek.) peremeshaetsya popyatno po sozvezdiyu Vodoleya bliz zvezdy lyambda Aqr (3,7m). Neptun viden vsyu noch' (protivostoyanie 7 sentyabrya), a naiti ego mozhno pri pomoshi binoklya ili teleskopa. Disk planety razlichim v instrument s uvelicheniem ot 100 krat (pri ideal'nyh usloviyah) i vyshe. Rasstoyanie mezhdu Zemlei i Neptunom priderzhivaetsya znacheniya 28,93 a.e.. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Voyadzher-2. Efemeridy planety na kazhdyi den' imeyutsya na http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/planets/neptune2018.html
Pluton. Karlikovaya planeta ili plutoid (+14,5m) nahoditsya v sozvezdii Strel'ca (levee trio zvezd pi, omikron i ksi Sgr) na rasstoyanii okolo 34 a.e. ot Zemli. Dlya vizual'nyh nablyudenii Plutona neobhodim teleskop s diametrom ob'ektiva ot 250 mm (v periody nailuchshei vidimosti) i prozrachnoe nebo, a ideal'noe mesto dlya ego nablyudenii - v ekvatorial'noi oblasti Zemli. Kosmicheskie issledovaniya - Novye Gorizonty
Obzornye stat'i o planetah i malyh telah Solnechnoi sistemy - v zhurnale Nebosvod 12 za 2008 god i 1 - 8 za 2009 god.
Dopolnitel'no http://galspace.spb.ru (vse o planetah) i http://astro.websib.ru (raznoobraznaya spravochnaya astroinformaciya)
Efemeridy nekotoryh asteroidov nedeli na 0 chasov vsemirnogo vremeni (dannye GUIDE 8.0)
Data a(2000.0) d(2000.0) r delta m elon. V PA son.
Cerera (1)
2 Sep 2018 12h04m05.91s + 7 46.024' 2.585 3.510 8.7 20.0 66.73 115.7 Vir
6 Sep 2018 12h10m34.52s + 6 59.657' 2.586 3.526 8.7 18.1 66.93 115.6 Vir
Pallada (2)
2 Sep 2018 9h44m20.32s - 0 22.569' 2.147 3.092 8.8 17.0 78.59 98.0 Sex
6 Sep 2018 9h52m36.80s - 0 40.443' 2.150 3.087 8.8 17.8 78.14 98.4 Sex
Yunona (3)
2 Sep 2018 3h36m42.88s + 8 54.775' 2.047 1.539 8.8 105.0 48.63 105.5 Tau
6 Sep 2018 3h41m37.21s + 8 32.487' 2.041 1.495 8.8 107.6 46.43 108.7 Tau
Vesta (4)
2 Sep 2018 17h40m23.56s -24 40.015' 2.188 1.679 7.0 106.3 33.37 102.8 Oph
6 Sep 2018 17h44m24.46s -24 51.410' 2.191 1.726 7.1 103.3 36.47 100.8 Sgr
Geba (6)
1 Sep 2018 5h40m13.18s + 8 55.234' 1.998 2.028 9.9 73.9 65.59 95.9 Ori
6 Sep 2018 5h48m51.20s + 8 40.565' 2.005 1.986 9.9 76.4 63.17 97.2 Ori
Uraniya (30)
1 Sep 2018 23h55m18.94s + 2 18.891' 2.135 1.164 10.2 158.3 27.24 254.8 Psc
6 Sep 2018 23h51m32.83s + 2 02.605' 2.130 1.142 10.0 164.0 31.43 253.1 Psc
Thyra (115)
1 Sep 2018 22h29m42.51s + 2 39.337' 2.125 1.126 9.9 168.6 41.65 273.2 Peg
6 Sep 2018 22h24m10.04s + 2 42.188' 2.115 1.120 9.9 167.5 41.20 270.7 Peg
a pryamoe voshozhdenie dlya epohi 2000.0, d - sklonenie dlya epohi 2000.0,
r - rasstoyanie ot Solnca (a.e.), delta - rasstoyanie ot Zemli (a.e.),
m - zvezdnaya velichina, elon. - elongaciya, V - uglovaya skorost' (sekund v chas),
RA - pozicionnyi ugol napravleniya dvizheniya nebesnogo tela, son. - sozvezdie
Izbrannye astronomicheskie yavleniya nedeli
Vremya dlya yavlenii privoditsya vsemirnoe. Na saite Sergeya Gur'yanova mozhno pol'zovat'sya veb-versiei AK na 2018 god s obshim obzorom zvezdnogo neba i yavlenii sentyabrya mesyaca. Svedeniya ot drugih yavleniyah imeyutsya v KN na sentyabr', Astronomicheskom kalendare na 2018 god, Astronomicheskom kalendare - spravochnike i kalendare Salsky .
03 sentyabrya, 02 chasa 37 minut - Luna v faze poslednei chetverti.
04 sentyabrya, 23 chasa 50 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi (F= 0,3-) zvezdy nyu Bliznecov (4,1m) pri vidimosti v zapadnoi polovine Rossii.
05 sentyabrya, 06 chasov 00 minut - Luna (F= 0,3-) prohodit tochku maksimal'nogo skloneniya k severu ot nebesnogo ekvatora.
06 sentyabrya, utro - Merkurii prohodit v graduse severnee Regula.
07 sentyabrya, 18 chasov 20 minut - Neptun v protivostoyanii s Solncem.
08 sentyabrya, 22 chasa 45 minut - Pokrytie Lunoi pri faze 0,01- Merkuriya pri vidimosti utrom v Sibiri i na Dal'nem Vostoke (dnem).
09 sentyabrya, noch' - Maksimum meteornogo potoka Sentyabr'skie epsilon-Perseidy (ZHR= 5).
Dopolnitel'no o yavleniyah i nablyudeniyah - na Astroforume, Starlab, Meteoveb, Bol'shaya Vselennaya i DvaStrel'ca.
Vid zvezdnogo neba v techenie nedeli v srednih shirotah (masshtab vida planet v teleskop soblyuden, sever vverhu):
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti polunochnogo neba 6 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid vostochnoi i yugo-vostochnoi chasti neba za chas do voshoda Solnca 6 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
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Vid yuzhnoi i yugo-zapadnoi chasti neba cherez chas posle zahoda Solnca 6 sentyabrya v gorodah na shirote Moskvy.
Istochniki: Kalendar' Nablyudatelya N09 AstroKA; StarryNightBackyard 3.1 (opisatel'naya chast' i vid neba), http://saros70.narod.ru/ (kalendar'), GUIDE 8.0 (polozhenie asteroidov i komet), http://aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html (operativnye svedeniya o kometah), http://www.imo.net (meteory), AAVSO (peremennye zvezdy), http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1388759 (Astronomicheskii kalendar' spravochnik ot 1901 do 2100 goda), http://www.calsky.com/ (on-lain kalendar'), http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ (katalog asteroidov i komet, a takzhe operativnaya informaciya o novyh nebesnyh telah), http://asteroidoccultation.com/IndexAll.htm (pokrytiya zvezd asteroidami).
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